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Vaccine (COVID-19)
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- 2. “ ” Yes to vaccine,Yes to caution (Dawai Bhi, Kadai Bhi) NARENDRA MODI PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA
- 3. CONCEPT About Coronavirus Variant ofCOVID19 Vaccine
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- 5. CORONAVIRUS Coronaviruses area group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, they cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the common cold (which is also caused by other viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. In cows and pigs they cause diarrhea, while in mice they cause hepatitis and encephalomyelitis. The name “coronavirus” is derived from Latin corona, meaning “crown” or “wreath”
- 6. The namewas coined by June Almeida and David Tyrrell who first observed and studied human coronaviruses. Bats and birds, as warm-blooded flying vertebrates, are an ideal natural reservoir for the coronavirus gene pool (with bats the reservoir for alphacoronaviruses and betacoronavirus – and birds the reservoir for gammacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China. On 31 December 2019, the outbreak was traced to a novel strain of coronavirus, which was given the interim name 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO), later renamed SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. As of 9 April 2021, there have been at least 2,904,554 confirmed deaths and more than 134,038,180 confirmed cases in the COVID-19 pandemic.
- 7. VARIANTS OF COVID19 B.1.1.7: This variant was first identified in the US in December 2020. It was initially detected in the UK. B.1.351: This variant was first identified in the US at the end of January 2021. It was initially detected in South Africa in December 2020. P.1: This variant was first detected in the US in January 2021. P.1 was initially identified in travelers from Brazil, who were tested during routine screening at an airport in Japan, in early January. B.1.427 and B.1.429: These two variants were first identified in California in February 2021 and were classified as VOCs in March 2021.
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- 10. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUTPFIZER VACCINE Name: BNT162b2 Manufacturer: Pfizer Inc and BioNTech Manufacturer country: United States of America (USA) Type of Vaccine: mRNA Number of shots: 2shots, 21 days apart How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm Based on evidence from clinical trials, Pfizer vaccine was 97% effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in people without evidence of previous infection.
- 11. Possible Side Effects Inarm where you got the shots 1. Pain 2. Redness 3. Swelling Rest of the body 1. Tiredness 2. Headache 3. Muscle pain 4. Chill 5. Fever 6. Nausae Who Should Get Vaccinated The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is recommended for people aged 16 years and older. Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated If you have had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) or an immediate allergic reaction. Storage and Handling Overview Store vaccine in an ultra-cold freezer, freezer, thermal shipping container, or refrigerator.
- 12. CLINICAL TRIAL DEMOGRAPHICINFORMATION Clinical trials for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine included people from the following racial and ethnic, age, and sex categories: 1. 81.9% White 2. 9.8% African American 3. 4.4% Asian 4. <3% other races/ethnicities 5. <1% Native Hawaiian or Other PacificIslander 6. <1% American Indian or Alaska Native Ethnicity 1. 2% Not Hispanic or Latino 2. 2% Hispanic of Latino 3. <1% Not Reported
- 13. Age andsex breakdown: 1. 50.6% male 2. 49.4% female 3. 21.4% 65 years and older Age 1. 9% 16 to 55 years 2. 8% 55 years and older 3. 4% 65 years and older 4. 3% 75 years and older The most frequent underlying medical conditions were obesity (35.1%), diabetes (8.4%), and pulmonary disease (7.8%).
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- 15. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT MODERNAVACCINE Name: mRNA – 1273 Manufacturer: ModernaTX Inc Manufacturer country: United States of America (USA) Type of Vaccine: mRNA Number of shots: 2shots, 28 days apart How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm Based on evidence from clinical trials, Moderna vaccine was 94.1% effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in people without evidence of previous infection.
- 16. Possible Side Effects In arm where you got the shots 1. Pain 2. Redness 3. Swelling Rest of the body 1. Tiredness 2. Headache 3. Muscle pain 4. Chill 5. Fever 6. Nausae Who Should Get Vaccinated The Moderna vaccine is recommended for people aged 18 years and older. Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated If you have had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) or an immediate allergic reaction Storage and Handling Overview Store vaccine in a freezer or refrigerator.
- 17. CLINICAL TRIAL DEMOGRAPHICINFORMATION Clinical trials for the Moderna vaccine included people from the following racial and ethnic, age, and sex categories: 1. 79.4% White 2. 9.7% African American 3. 4.7% Asian 4. <3% other races/ethnicities 5. <1% American Indian or Alaska Native 6. <1% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Ethnicity: 1. 79.1% Not Hispanic or Latino 2. 20.0% Hispanic or Latino 3. 0.9% Unknown
- 18. Sex breakdown: 1.52.6% male 2. 47.4% female Age breakdown: 1. 74.7% 18 – 64 years 2. 25.3% 65 years and older Most people who participated in the trials (82%) were considered to have an occupational risk of exposure, with 25.4% of them being healthcare workers. Among people who participated in the clinical trials, 22.3% had at least one high-risk condition, which included lung disease, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, or HIV infection. Four percent (4%) of participants had two or more high-risk conditions.
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- 20. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT JOHNSONAND JOHNSON’S JANSSEN VACCINE Name: JNJ – 78436735 Manufacturer: Janssen Pharmaceutical company of Johnson and Johnson Manufacturer country: Leiden, Netherlands and United States of America (USA) Type of Vaccine: Viral vector Number of shots: 1 shot How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm Based on evidence from clinical trials, Janssen vaccine was 66.3% effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in people without evidence of previous infection.
- 21. Possible Side Effects In arm where you got the shots 1. Pain 2. Redness 3. Swelling Rest of the body 1. Tiredness 2. Headache 3. Muscle pain 4. Chill 5. Fever 6. Nausae Who Should Get Vaccinated The J&J/Janssen vaccine is recommended for people aged 18 years and older. Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated If you have had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) or an immediate allergic reaction. Storage and Handling Overview Store vaccine in a freezer or refrigerator.
- 22. CLINICAL TRIAL DEMOGRAPHICINFORMATION Clinical trials for the J&J/Janssen vaccine included people from the following racial and ethnic categories: 1. 62.1% White 2. 17.2% Black or African American 3. 8.3% American Indian or Alaska Native 4. 5.4% Multiple races 5. 3.5% Asian 6. 0.3% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander Ethnicity: 1. 45.1% Hispanic or Latino 2. 52.4% Not Hispanic or Latino 3. 2.5% Unknown
- 23. Sex breakdown: 1.55.5% Male 2. 44.5% Female 3. <0.1% Undifferentiated or unknown sex Age breakdown: 1. 66.5% 18–59 years 2. 33.5% 60 years and older 3. 19.6% 65 years and older 4. 3.5% 75 years and older
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- 25. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT COVAXINVACCINE Name: BBV 154 Manufacturer: Bharat Biotech Manufacturer country: India Type of Vaccine: Inactivated Number of shots:2 shots, 28 days apart How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm Based on evidence from clinical trials, Covaxin vaccine was 81% effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in people without evidence of previous infection.
- 26. Possible Side Effects In arm where you got the shots 1. Pain 2. Redness 3. Swelling Rest of the body 1. Tiredness 2. Headache 3. Muscle pain 4. Chill 5. Fever 6. Nausae Who Should Get Vaccinated The Bharat Biotech vaccine is recommended for people aged 12 years and older. Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated If you have had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) or an immediate allergic reaction. Storage and Handling Overview It is a vaccine with no sub-zero storage, no reconstitution requirement, and ready to use liquid presentation in multi-dose vials, stable at 2-8oC.
- 27. A totalof 375 subjects have been enrolled in the Phase 1 study and generated excellent safety data without any reactogenicity. Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers were observed with two divergent SARS-CoV-2 strains. Percentage of all the side-effects combined was only 15% in vaccine recipients. In Phase 2 study, 380 participants of 12-65 years were enrolled. COVAXIN led to tolerable safety outcomes and enhanced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. A total of 25,800 subjects have been enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive the vaccine and control in a Event-Driven, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase 3 study.
- 28. COVAXIN effective againstUK variant strain and Global Acceptance of COVAXIN: Analysis from the National Institute of Virology indicates that vaccine-induced antibodies can neutralize the UK variant strains and other heterologous strains. Bharat biotech has been approached by several countries across the world for the procurement of COVAXIN. Clinical trials in other countries to commence soon.
- 29. Supplies fromgovernment to government in the following countries to take place: 1. Mongolia 2. Myanmar 3. Sri Lanka 4. Philippines 5. Bahrain 6. Oman 7. Maldives 8. Mauritius 9. Bangladesh 10. Nepal
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- 31. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT COVISHIELDVACCINE Name: ChAdOx1 or AZD1222 Manufacturer: Serum Institute of India, AstraZeneca and Oxford University Manufacturer country: India, UK and British- Swedish. Type of Vaccine: Non-replicating Viral vector Number of shots:2 shots, 48 days apart How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm Based on evidence from clinical trials, Covishield vaccine was 95% effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in people without evidence of previous infection.
- 32. Possible Side Effects In arm where you got the shots 1. Pain 2. Redness 3. Swelling Rest of the body 1. Tiredness 2. Headache 3. Muscle pain 4. Chill 5. Fever 6. Nausae Who Should Get Vaccinated The Covishield vaccine is recommended for people aged 18 years and older. Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated If you have had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) or an immediate allergic reaction. Storage and Handling Overview It is a vaccine with no sub-zero storage, no reconstitution requirement, and ready to use liquid presentation in multi-dose vials, stable at 2-8oC.
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- 34. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT COVISHIELDVACCINE Name: Gam – COVID – Vac Manufacturer: Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Manufacturer country: Russia. Type of Vaccine: Viral vector Number of shots:2 shots, 21 days apart How given: Shot in the muscle of upper arm Based on evidence from clinical trials, Sputnik V vaccine was 91.6% effective at preventing laboratory confirmed COVID19 illness in people without evidence of previous infection.
- 35. Possible Side Effects In arm where you got the shots 1. Pain 2. Redness 3. Swelling Rest of the body 1. Tiredness 2. Headache 3. Muscle pain 4. Chill 5. Fever 6. Nausae Who Should Get Vaccinated The Sputnik V vaccine is recommended for people aged 18 years and older. Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated If you have had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) or an immediate allergic reaction. Storage and Handling Overview Storage temperature is above freezing, 2–8 °C or 36–46 °F, at the common home-refrigerator temperature. The freeze-dried powder must be reconstituted with water for before use.
- 36. OTHER VACCINES Thenon – mentioned Vaccines are as follow: 1. BBIBP – CorV: Manufactured by Sinopharm, China with a effectiveness of 86%. 2. ZyCoV – D: Manufactured by Zydus Candela, India, is under third phase of clinical trials. 3. CoviVac: Manufactured by Russian Institute of Science, Russia, is under third phase of clinical trials. 4. WIBP – CorV: Manufactured by Sinopharm, China with a effectiveness of 72.51%.
- 37. MOST EFFECTIVE VACCINE EVERY VACCINE AVAILABLERIGHT NOW IS MUCH MORE EFFECTIVE THAN NO VACCINE, AND THEY ALL SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF SEVERE ILLNESS AND DEATH.
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- 39. Presented by Pratiksha Pandey BScMBBTC 1st semester 109620487007