Vacuoles and Lysosomes

Vacuoles and Lysosomes

• 1.
  Vacuoles & vesicles •Function • moving material around cell • storage • Structure • membrane sac small food particle vesicle vacuole filled w/ digestive enzymes vesicle filled w/ digested nutrients
• 2.
  • Plant cellscontain a large central vacuole • The vacuole is bordered by a membrane called the tonoplast • The vacuole contains cell sap. This is a solution of mineral salts, sugars, oxygen , carbon dioxide, pigments and enzymes • Vacuoles help to regulate the flow of water by osmosis into and out of the cell NucleusNucleus Free ribosomesFree ribosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulumRough endoplasmic reticulum MitochondrionMitochondrion Golgi bodyGolgi body Large central vacuole Large central vacuole TonoplastTonoplastPlant Cell Vacuoles
• 3.
  Food & waterstorage plant cells contractile vacuole animal cells central vacuole food vacuole
• 4.
  Lysosomes •Function • little “stomach”of the cell • digests macromolecules • “clean up crew” of the cell • cleans up broken down organelles •Structure • vesicles of digestive enzymes only in animal cells synthesized by rER, transferred to Golgi Where old organelles go to die!
• 5.
  Lysosomes white blood cellsattack & destroy invaders = digest them in lysosomes 1974 Nobel prize: Christian de Duve Lysosomes discovery in 1960s 1960 | 1974
• 6.
  Cellular digestion •Lysosomes fusewith food vacuoles •polymers digested into monomers • pass to cytosol to become nutrients of cell vacuole  lyso– = breaking things apart  –some = body
• 7.
  But sometimes cellsneed to die… •Lysosomes can be used to kill cells when they are supposed to be destroyed • some cells have to die for proper development in an organism • apoptosis • “auto-destruct” process • lysosomes break open & kill cell • ex: tadpole tail gets re-absorbed when it turns into a frog • ex: loss of webbing between your fingers during fetal development
• 8.
  Fetal development 15 weeks 6weeks syndactyly