vaishnavi journal presentation obg (1).pptx

Effect of Aerobic exercise and life style
intervention among young women with
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

INTRODUCTION
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a most common endocrine disorder of
women in reproductive age and leading cause of infertility, affecting 6-20%.
• PCOS is probably multifactorial and the hall mark feature being the
hormonal imbalance, caused by elevated free testosterone and insulin
resistance. This paves way for the development of long term complications
such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardio vascular disease,
infertility, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, psychological depression and
anxiety which leads to a poor quality of life.
• Various exercise and life style intervention are advocated in subjects with
PCOS
• In women with PCOS and obesity, weight loss through diet control has
been shown to improve pregnancy rates, normalize
hyperandrogenemia(5,6), improve insulin sensitivity, menstrual function
and hirsutism

• Previous studies have proved the effect of exercises and life style
modification among subjects with PCOS. Yet there is a need for more RCTs
to prove the effect of these interventions especially among young Indian
women with PCOS. Hence the present study was an attempt to find the
effects of aerobic exercises combined with life style intervention like diet
control on the hormonal levels and quality of life improvement in young
Indian women subjects with PCOS.

AIM OF THE STUDY
• The primary aim of the study was to find the effect of aerobic exercises and
life style intervention among young Indian women with PCOS and the
secondary aim was to compare these effects with conventional active
stretching exercises

METHODOLOGY
STUDY DESIGN:Experimental study
STUDY TYPE: Pre and post
SAMPLE SIZE: 30
SAMPLING METHOD:
• Simple random sampling:
The recruited subjects were randomly allocated into two groups through
block randomization. There were five blocks with a matrix design of 6×5,
where 6 being rows. Each block contained 6 chits (3 chits for each group)
totaling 30. The subjects were allotted to the groups based on the randomly
chosen chit. Once a block was allotted, next row block was opened. Thus
equal number of subjects was assigned to each group over time.

SELECTION CRITERIA:
• 30 PCOS subjects in the age group between, 18 to 25 years were recruited
for this study.
• Subjects with Hyperprolactinemia, Thyroid dysfunction, Glucocorticoid
dysfunction, Subjects under antihypersensitives and lipid lowering agents
were excluded from the study.
• Group A (Experimental group) were intervened with aerobic exercises and
Group B (conventional group) were instructed to do stretching exercises.

PROCEDURE
GROUP A:
• The subjects in Group A were intervened with an aerobic exercise protocol,
which comprised of 45 minutes of brisk jogging in a treadmill at 6km/hour
speed.
• This included an initial 10 minutes of warm up and final 10 minutes of a
cool down period during which the workload gradually decreased until HR
(<140 beats/min) and blood pressure nearly to the resting levels.
• The subjects performed this for 3 days in a week × 12 weeks.

GROUP B:
• The subjects in Group B performed active stretching exercises for the upper
limb, lower limb and trunk muscles.
• Each stretch was held for 20 seconds and 10 repetitions for each group of
muscle daily for 12 weeks.
• The muscles concentrated were triceps, pectorals, abdominals, gluteals,
quadriceps, hamstrings and calf muscles

OUTCOME MEASURES:
• Outcome measures recorded were the PCOSQ50 and blood levels of free
testosterone, LH: FSH ratio, HOMA IR (Homeostasis model Assessment
Insulin Resistance) and HsCRP (High sensitivity C reactive protein) at the
beginning and end of treatment at 12 weeks.
• Dietary advice from a nutritionist was given for both the groups which
consisted of a high protein low carbohydrate diet.
• The result obtained after 12 weeks were subjected to statistical analysis

DATA ANALYSIS
• The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using both descriptive and
inferential statistics. All the parameters were assessed using statistical
package for social science (SPSS) version 24.
• Descriptive Paired t-test was adopted to find the statistical difference
within the groups & Independent t-test (Student t-Test) was adopted to
find the statistical difference between the groups

RESULT
• The result of the present study showed the effect of Group A (aerobic
exercises) and Group B (Active stretching exercises).
• There was no statistically significant difference in the pre test mean values
between Group A and Group B at P≥ 0.05.
• There was a statistically highly significant difference in the post test mean
values between Group A and Group B at P≤ 0.001.
• Within group analysis in both the groups showed statistically highly
significant difference in Group A and Group B.
• The statistical analysis revealed the fact that both the groups had
significant improvement in the post test mean values but when the groups
were compared, Group A (Aerobic Exercises) was more effective than
Group B (Active stretching exercises).

DISCUSSION
• The present study demonstrated that a moderate aerobic exercise program
resulted in a substantial reduction in insulin resistance (HOMA IR) among
young women with PCOS).
• This study also supports the fact that aerobic exercise initiated early in
PCOS has shown to reduce free testosterone levels, increased LH: FSH ratio
and HSCRP an indicator of risk of cardiac disease. Also the quality of life
measurements in young girls with PCOS have shown improvement.
• The present study strengthens the recommendation for adopting regular
physical activity in the treatment of metabolic function in women with
PCOS. Importantly regular exercise in women with PCOS has benefits in
weight loss with improved management of the metabolic derangements.
• The combination of exercise and dieting has been extensively reported to
substantially increase weight loss compared with dieting or exercise
alone.(15) This study also supports the fact that aerobic exercise training
improves body composition and a number of CVD risk markers

• Studies on lifestyle behaviors showed that the increase in physical activity
and a reduction in caloric intake significantly improve ovulatory function,
circulating androgen levels, inflammatory pattern and insulin sensitivity in
women with PCOS(20,21).
• Thus, lifestyle modifications that combine energy restriction for weight loss
and regular exercise would appear to be a preferred treatment strategy in
overweight women with PCOS(23). The present study emphasizes the fact
that early exercise intervention has shown to reduce the long term
metabolic complications of the disease.

LIMITATIONS
This study has few limitations:
• Small sample size.
• Inclusion criteria was not based on the BMI of the subjects.
• There was no long term follow up to see the effects of exercise.

CONCLUSION
• The present study concluded that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise and
stretching exercises with life style management had improvement on
hormonal profile and quality of life improvement in subjects with PCOS.
• But aerobic exercises were more superior to stretching exercises on
hormonal profiles and quality of life improvement among young women
with PCOS.

REFERENCES
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metabolic risk of polycystic ovary syndrome under different diagnostic criteria. Hum
reprod. 2012; 27(10):3067-73.
2. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003
consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risk related to polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS). Hum reprod. 2004; 19(1):41-7.
3. Roessler KK, Birkebaek C, Ravn P, Andersen MS, Glintborg D. effects of exercise and
group counseling on body composition and VO2max in overweight women with polycystic
ovary syndrome. ActaObstetGynecol Scand. 2013; 92(3):272-7.
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infertile women result in improvement in reproductive outcome for all forms of
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endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with
polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin. Endocrinol (oxl).1992; 36(1):105-111

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