verb
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The document discusses various types of verbs in English including: transitive verbs which require an object; intransitive verbs which do not require an object; auxiliary verbs which help the main verb; regular and irregular verbs; tense forms (present, past, future); and examples of each. It also provides corrections for common verb errors.
verb
- 2. A verb is an action or express word. It indicates the action in the present, past and future tenses.
- 3. The placement of verb in English is quite different from most of our regional languages Subject + Verb + Object I + eat + my breakfast
- 4. Transitive A Transitive Verb requires an object to complete its meaning. Examples : -- (a) The hunter killed a bear. (b) The scholar learned his lesson. In ( a ) " bear " is the object of " killed ". In ( b ) " lesson " is the object of " learned ".
- 5. Intransitive An Intransitive Verb does not require an object to complete its meaning. Examples : -- ( a ) He sleeps ( b ) We go. No object can come after such verbs as " sleep ", " go " etc
- 6. Auxiliary An Auxiliary Verb is used to help main verb. Auxiliary verbs always come before the main verb ( a ) I shall go. ( b ) We have come. Note : A verb that is helped by an auxiliary verb is called a Principal verb In (a) " shall " is an auxiliary verb used to help the verb " go " to form a future time. In (b) " have " is an auxiliary verb used to help the verb " come " to express a time partly past and partly present. List:
- 7. Auxiliary (Contd.) • Generally questions with answers as Yes/No start with an auxiliary verb • Wh- questions use auxiliary verb What, where, why, when, which, how Wh-word+ auxiliary verb + subject + main verb • In negative sentences the form taken is: Auxiliary verb + not + main verb
- 8. My cousin going to Dubai tomorrow He already left for work Why you came late? She saw you going in, isn’t it? ANSWERS: My cousin is going to Dubai tomorrow He has already left for work Why did you come late? She saw you going in, didn’t she?
- 9. Base FormBase Form be do have PresentPresent is/ am/ are do/ does has PastPast was/ were did had InfinitiveInfinitive to be to do to have PresentPresent ParticipleParticiple being doing having Past ParticiplePast Participle been done had
- 10. Present – Habitual Action – I wake up at 6 am every morning Universal Truth – JAVA is a programming language Facts or Generalization – California is not in the United Kingdom Scheduled events in near future – Campus recruitment begins during the 7th semester. Past – Action already completed – More than 800 students got placed last year in sddic
- 11. Infinitive – To + verb forms infinitives Past Participle – Formed by both regular and irregular verbs Used along with helping verbs such as has, have, had Example: The teacher had requested the students to maintain the decorum of the class Present Participle – This is formed by adding -ing to the end of present verbs. It is used with forms of the verb to be, such as am, is, are, was, or were. This expresses an ongoing action
- 12. A regular verb forms we can add -d or -ed to the end of its base form. The present participle is formed by adding -ing to the end of its base form and the past is formed by adding -ed. If the base form verb ends with the letter -e, we can add only -d for past form verb and remove the -e then just add -ing for the present participle.
- 13. PresentPresent PastPast Past ParticiplePast Participle PresentPresent ParticipleParticiple book booked booked booking erase erased erased erasing form formed formed forming infect infected infected infecting pick picked picked picking purchase purchased purchased purchasing question questioned questioned questioning recover recovered recovered recovering remove removed removed removing type typed typed typing
- 14. When a verb ends with a vowel followed by a consonant, the last consonant is doubled before adding -ing or -ed Present (V1)Present (V1) Past (V2)Past (V2) PastPast ParticipleParticiple (V3)(V3) PresentPresent ParticipleParticiple (V1-ing)(V1-ing) allot allotted allotted allotting bat batted batted batting dot dotted dotted dotting cancel cancelled cancelled cancelled
- 15. Irregular verbs with similar present, past and past participle forms Present TensePresent Tense Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle PresentPresent ParticipleParticiple beset beset beset besetting broadcast broadcast broadcast broadcating burst burst burst bursting cast cast cast casting put put put putting read read read reading set set set setting
- 16. Irregular verbs with similar past and past participle forms Present TensePresent Tense Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle PresentPresent ParticipleParticiple behold beheld beheld beholding beseech besought besought beseeching build built built building deal dealt dealt dealing say said said saying sell sold sold selling sit sat sat sitting teach taught taught teaching
- 17. Irregular verbs with similar present and past participle forms Present TensePresent Tense Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle PresentPresent ParticipleParticiple come came come coming overcome overcame overcome overcoming run ran run running outrun outran outrun outrunning overrun overran overrun overrunning
- 18. Irregular verbs with three distinct forms Present TensePresent Tense Past TensePast Tense Past ParticiplePast Participle PresentPresent ParticipleParticiple arise arose arisen arising awake awoke awoken beseeching blow blew blown blowing choose chose chosen choosing do did done saying go went gone going fly flew flown flying give gave given giving see saw seen seeing
- 19. Vowel changes from “i” to “a” to “u” PresentPresent PastPast Past ParticiplePast Participle begin began begun drink drank drunk ring rang rung shrink shrank shrunk sing sang sung sink sank sunk spring sprang sprung swim swam swum ”
- 20. He asked had we had our food. He asked if / whether we had had our food. Explanation We use a conjunction like if or whether to introduce indirect yes/no questions. Note that indirect questions have the same word order as assertive sentences – that is, the subject comes before the verb.
- 21. She asked him what was he doing. She asked him what he was doing. John asked to Peter why their father is angry. John asked Peter why their father was angry. Explanation When the main clause is in the past tense, the subordinate clause will also be in the past tense.
- 22. He asked that what am I doing. He asked what I was doing. No one cared for the children after their mother died. No one took care of the children after their mother died. Explanation The misuse of care for is very common and the sentences given above need practice.
- 23. When we went there we found that the lion was disappeared. When we went there we found that the lion had disappeared. He said that his father died last year. He said that his father had died last year. I did not see him because he went out before I arrived. I did not see him because he had gone out before I had arrived.
- 24. He got angry before I said a word. He got angry before I had said a word. I met a man who was my classmate 20 years ago. I met a man who had been my classmate 20 years ago. Explanation The sentences given above are the examples of the common failure to use the past perfect tense when the time of one past tense verb is more past than that of another.
- 25. He is waiting for you from 10 o’clock. He has been waiting for you since 10 o’clock. This man is sitting here for the last two hours. This man has been sitting here for the last two hours. We are staying here since 1980. We have been staying here since 1980. Explanation To talk about actions and situations that started in the past and have continued up to the present, we use the present perfect continuous tense.
- 26. I am going to school by bus. I go to school by bus. We are playing tennis every day. We play tennis every day. Explanation We use the simple present tense to talk about routines and habits. Note that the present continuous tense is used to talk about actions and situations that are going on at the moment of speaking.
- 27. I said him to go. I told him to go. She told that she would be coming. She said that she would be coming. She told me that she would be coming. Explanation We use tell with a personal object. We use said when there is no personal object. She suggested me to consult a doctor. She suggested that I should consult a doctor. OR She suggested consulting a doctor.
- 28. She told to me an interesting story. She told me an interesting story. Explanation - The verb tell is followed by an indirect object without to. She told that she wouldn’t come. She told me that she wouldn’t come. OR She said that she wouldn’t come. Explanation - When used with a that-clause tell takes an indirect object, while say does not. I want that you should be my partner. I want you to be my partner. Explanation - The verb want cannot be used with a that-clause. It is used with a to-infinitive.
- 29. We discussed about his plans. We discussed his plans. He described about the situation. He described the situation. I have ordered for two cups of coffee. I have ordered two cups of coffee. She requested for my help. She requested my help. Explanation - The verbs discuss, describe, order and request are transitive verbs. They should be followed by direct objects, and not prepositions.
- 30. 1. Go, fetch that pen. Go and bring that book. 2. She sell see shells. She sells sea shells. 3. She prefers tea than coffee. She prefers tea to coffee. 4. People has always laughed at new ideas and daring experiments. People have always laughed at new ideas and daring experiments. 5. All our staffs are trained and experienced. All our staff is trained and experienced. 6. She don’t know but I do. She doesn’t know, but I do. 7. Alms is given to beggars. Alms are given to beggars.
- 31. 8. No news are good news. No news is good news. 9. I taught French to her. I taught her French. 10. They gave a prize to me. They gave me a prize. 11. Please show to me the way. Please show me the way. 12. He saved me from much trouble. He saved me from trouble. 13. She sold her pen to me. She sold me her pen
- 32. 15. The cows are milking. The cows are being milked. 16. Honey is tasted sweet. Honey tastes sweet. 17. The brush is feeling rough. The brush feels rough. 18. We shall go equal. We shall go equals. 19. Don’t resign yourself to fail. Don’t resign yourself to failure. 20. Good be with the dead. Better be with the dead.
- 33. 21. I had taken this than that. I had rather taken this than that. 22. I had run than walk. I had sooner run than walk. 23. I saw him to fight a hard battle. I saw him fight a hard battle. 24. We began to eat to sit down. Having sat down, we began to eat. 25. The joker did nothing but laughing. The joker did nothing but laughed.