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verbals-2-powerpoint-from-slideshare-better.ppt
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- 2. Verbal Phrase = •A phrase that is centered around a verb form. • This verb form is NOT used as a verb in the sentence • It is used as a noun, adjective or adverb. There are 3 kinds of verbals or verbal phrases: GERUND PARITCIPLE INFINITIVE
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- 4. Gerund / GerundPhrase • …centers around a verb form ending in -ING • …is always used as a noun • …is never surrounded by commas (except for appositives) • Caution! -ING verb forms can also be verbs or adjectives (These are NOT gerunds.) • …can be used in each of the 6 noun positions
- 5. Not all -INGwords are Gerunds: • morning • evening • something • nothing • anything • everything • She is driving to school today.
- 6. Gerund / GerundPhrase EXAMPLES: • Swimming the mile is my best event. • I like swimming the mile. • My best event is swimming the mile. • I gave swimming the mile a try. • He lectured us about swimming the mile. • My best event, swimming the mile, was canceled.
- 7. Gerund / GerundPhrase ANSWERS: • Swimming the mile is my best event. (Subject) • I like swimming the mile. (DO) • My best event is swimming the mile. (PN) • I gave swimming the mile a try. (IO) • He lectured us about swimming the mile. (OP) • My best event, swimming the mile, was canceled. (APP)
- 8. Gerund / GerundPhrase EXAMPLES: • His sister was dancing in the show. • I hate practicing the piano. • I gave my mom’s cooking a perfect 10. • Sitting by the pool is quite relaxing. • Wishing upon a star, Sue imagined a better life. • While I was walking on the beach, I found a sand dollar.
- 9. Gerund / GerundPhrase ANSWERS: • His sister was dancing in the show. (not a gerund, verb phrase) • I hate practicing the piano. (DO) • I gave my mom’s cooking a perfect 10. (IO) • Sitting by the pool is quite relaxing. (S) • Wishing upon a star, Sue imagined a better life. (not a gerund, participial phrase) • While I was walking on the beach, I found a sand dollar. (not a gerund, clause)
- 10. Gerund / GerundPhrase EXAMPLES: • Becoming a doctor takes years of serious study. • Kino’s specialty is cooking mushrooms. • The subtle squeaking of the door hinges told Mira that her sister was home. • Carla decided on writing about famous women in history. • Mr. Riley enjoys the crackling of a campfire on a winter’s evening.
- 11. Gerund / GerundPhrase ANSWERS: • Becoming a doctor takes years of serious study. (S) • Kino’s specialty is cooking mushrooms. (PN) • The subtle squeaking of the door hinges told Mira that her sister was home. (S) • Carla decided on writing about famous women in history. (OP) • Mr. Riley enjoys the crackling of a campfire on a winter’s evening. (DO)
- 12. Gerund / GerundPhrase EXAMPLES: • Traveling to new and interesting places is fun. • The smiling child amused his parents. • Give playing golf another chance. • Pam is studying for her French exam. • Holding onto the kite, Jeremy received a cut.
- 13. Gerund / GerundPhrase ANSWERS: • Traveling to new and interesting places is fun. (S) • The smiling child amused his parents.(not a gerund, participle) • Give playing golf another chance. (IO) • Pam is studying for her French exam. (not a gerund, verb phrase) • Holding onto the kite, Jeremy received a cut. (not a gerund, participial phrase)
- 14. Gerund / GerundPhrase patterns to look for… Subject + verb … Subject + linking verb + PN Subject + action verb + DO Subject + action verb (usu. give) + IO DO Preposition + OP S, Appositive , verb… (Other combinations are possible for this one.)
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- 16. Participles… • are verbforms that act like adjectives. • can end in –ing, -d, -ed, -n, -en, nt • will come as close as they can to the noun they modify • can come BEFORE or AFTER the noun it modifies
- 17. Participles Examples: • The frowningclown fell down. (article/ adj./noun) • The clown, frowning at the crowd, fell down. • Frowning at the crowd, the clown fell down.
- 18. Participial Phrases… • mayfall at the beginning of the sentence. • If so, it will be separated from the sentence with a comma Example: • Bent by the wind, the tree finally fell over.
- 19. Find the participles: •The fallen tree blocked the road. • Mary had to replace the soiled carpet. • Mike’s goal was hiking the Rockies. • The running water eroded the soil. • We finally got our own swimming pool. • Eating jalapeno peppers can be painful.
- 20. Find the participles(Answers) • The fallen tree blocked the road. • Mary had to replace the soiled carpet. • Mike’s goal was hiking the Rockies. (gerund) • The running water eroded the soil. • We finally got our own swimming pool. • Eating jalapeno peppers can be painful. (gerund)
- 21. Find the participialphrases: • Running quickly, the puppy caught up with the family. • Seeing my family made me feel safe. • Bending in the wind, the tree finally fell. • The wind, whipping through the valley, did extensive damage. • I saw my uncle waiting for me.
- 22. Find the participialphrases (Answers) • Running quickly, the puppy caught up with the family. • Seeing my family made me feel safe. (gerund) • Bending in the wind, the tree finally fell. • The wind, whipping through the valley, did extensive damage. • I saw my uncle waiting for me.
- 23. Find the participialphrases: • Granny’s goal, quilting a huge quilt, will have to wait until spring. • Martha’s hobby is sewing for the family. • Sitting by the dock, Bob felt lonely. • The boy sitting by the bay was my cousin. • Not watching his steps, the toddler fell down.
- 24. Find the participialphrases (Answers) • Granny’s goal, quilting a huge quilt, will have to wait until spring. (gerund / appositive) • Martha’s hobby is sewing for the family. (gerund) • Sitting by the dock, Bob felt lonely. • The boy sitting by the bay was my cousin. • Not watching his steps, the toddler fell down.
- 25. Participle / ParticipialPhrase patterns to look for… participial phrase , Subject + verb… Subject, participial phrase , verb… Subject + verb +DO participial phrase Preposition + OP participial phrase Article participle Noun
- 26. Infinitive to + verb What?(NOUN) Which one? (ADJ.) What kind? (ADJ.) Why? (ADV.)
- 27. Infinitive RULES: • Centeraround TO + verb • Verb is “naked” – No endings (-ing, -ed, etc.) • Examples: to go, to sit, to talk, etc. • Can be used as noun, adj. or adv. • Caution! Do not confuse with prepositional phrases using “to” (to school, to me, to us, to them, to lunch, etc.)
- 28. Find the Infinitives •I wanted to go to the mall today. • My mom went to bed early. • Your cat ate too much food today. • To sleep all day is unhealthy. • I want to ask you a question.
- 29. Find the InfinitivePhrases: • I went to the pond to fish for bass. • I have to go to the mall before supper. • To make good grades, one must study. • My goal is to make good grades. • I sat with the team to give them my support. • Don’t try to get out of here too fast.
- 30. Infinitive Phrases usedas NOUNS: • I want to get a car for my birthday. • My goal is to get a car for my birthday. • To get a car for my birthday would be wonderful. • My goal, to get a car for my birthday, may never happen. Which two noun positions are not used?
- 31. Infinitive Phrases usedas ADJECTIVES: • The movie to see is Avatar. • I missed the road to take to the beach. • The place to see moose is Canada. • I need a place to keep my book bag. Adjective infinitive phrases will come directly after a noun and modify it by answering “which?” or “what kind?.”
- 32. Infinitive Phrases usedas ADVERBS: • I went to the pond to fish. • To get into Harvard, you must study. • I am happy to be here. • I am sad to see you go. An infinitive phrase that comes first in a sentence MAY be an adverb, but it will have a comma after it. Adverb infinitive phrases usually answer “why?” or “how?.”
- 33. Some famous Infinitives: • “To be or not to be, that is the question.” • “To know me is to love me.” • “You’ve got to live a little.” • “I vant to drink your bloooooood.” • “I wanna hold your hand.” • “I’ve only just begun to fight.” • “To boldly go where no man has gone before…” (split infinitive)