VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE- Kuchcha,pukka, semi pukka houses

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE- Kuchcha,pukka, semi pukka houses

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  VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE By-SAYAN MUNSHI
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  PAGE 1 VERNACULAR ARCHITECTUREOF INDIA1 Vernacular Architecture1 is a term used to categorize methods of construction which use locally available resources and traditions to address local needs. Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over time to reflect the environmental, cultural and historical context in which it exists. It has often been dismissed as crude and unrefined, but also has proponents who highlight its importance in current design. Indian vernacular architecture is the informal, functional architecture of structures, often in rural areas, of India, built of local materials and designed to meet the needs of the local people. Their work reflects the rich diversity of India's climate, locally available building materials, and the intricate variations in local social customs and craftsmanship. This architecture can be broadly divided into three categories: 1. Kachcha 2. Pucca 3. Semi-Pucca Figure 1: House Details
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  PAGE 2 1. KACHCHAHOUSES1: A kachcha is a building made of natural materials and is therefore a short-lived structure. Since it is not made for endurance it requires constant maintenance and replacement. This type of houses exists in many villages around India. These houses were generally constructed by the House owner himself. The structure of these houses vary from place to place. According to the climate and locally available material of construction. MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTURCTION 2 :  Mud  Grass  Bamboo  Thatch or sticks  Stone  Bamboo  Lime TECHNIQUE OF CONSTRUCTION: Construction of these houses were constructed with earth or soil as the primary construction material. Mud was used for plastering the walls. METHOD2:  Cob  Pise or Rammed earth  Adobe  Pressed bricks  Wattle and daub method Figure 2: Reinforcement used for construction of mud walls
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  PAGE 3 COB CONSTRUCTION2 : Cobconstruction is done by making spherical mud balls and then placing them one on the other vertically and making of walls. A row of these cobs of mud are laid neatly side-by-side The usual size is between 12 to 18-inches, (30 to 40-cm) long and about 6-inches (15-cm) in diameter. Opening for doors and window were done using temporary vertical planks or shuttering. ADOBE2 : Blocks shall be kept covered with air tight polythene sheets for first 48 hrs with relative humidity up to 100. Polythene sheets shall be removed after 48 hrs and the blocks shall be kept in shaded area like having enough air circulation. Sprinkle water over blocks daily, as many times needed, during 28 days. Write date of production on block corner. Cover stacks top with coconut leaves or any other cover to avoid direct sunlight.
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  PAGE 4 2. PUKKA 1 Apukka is a structure made from materials resistant to wear, sometimes using mortar to bind, that does not need to be constantly maintained or replaced. These structures are expensive to construct as the materials are costly and more labor is required. A pukka house may be elaborately decorated in contrast to a kachcha house. MATERIAL2:  Stone  Brick  Clay tiles  Metal TECHNIQUE OF CONSTRUCTION: Construction of there house are done using masonry structure which may be brick or stone, depending upon the locally available material in the region where the structure is constructed, Manual labor is much high in construction of these structure than the kachcha houses. METHOD: Method of construction include placement and alignment of brick. Dressing of stone. Installation of designed motifs and illustration on the façade. Pukka building were constructed by the wealthy people of the society as the construction material costs more than the material used in the construction of the kachcha houses. Figure 3: Traditional Dwelling in Manipur, India
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  PAGE 5 3. SEMI-PUKKA A combination of the kachcha and pukka style together forms the semi- pukka. It has evolved as villagers have acquired the resources to add elements constructed of the durable materials characteristic of a pukka house, Its architecture has always evolves organically as the needs and resources of the local people residing in the specific region. The characteristic feature of semi pukka houses are that these houses has walls made from pukka material such as brick in cement/lime mortar, stone, clay tile but the roof construction is done in the kachcha way using Thach, bamboo etc as the principal material of construction. Construction of these houses employs less manual labor than that of the pukka houses. Thach roofing Mud Adobe walls with Lime plaster Figure 4: Semi Pukka House Figure 5: Laying of Adobe brick wall Figure 6: Thached roof
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  PAGE 6 COMPARISION KACHCHA PUKKASEMI – PUKKA MATERIAL Mud Grass Bamboo Thatch or sticks Stone Bamboo Lime Stone Brick Clay tiles Metal Mixed construction material of kachcha and pukka house STRENGTH Weak Strong Strong than Kachcha houses ROOFING Slopped May be sloped or flat May be sloped or flat CLIMATE RESPONSE More climate responsive Can be built in any climate Can be built in any climate
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  PAGE 7 REFFERENCES: 1. http://www.slideshare.net/sslele456/vernacular-architecture 2.http://www.curatorhall.wordpress.com /2015/05/25/mud Image sources: 1. www.commonwealthroofing.com 2. www.wisegeek.com 3. propdaily.com 4. radio-weblogs.com 5. https://i.ytimg.com/vi/gKqJkKgWXH8/maxresdefault.jpg