Village

Village

• 1.
  Village : Structure andChange 1
• 2.
  Definition of Village Theterm ‘village’ refers to a  Small population  Follows agriculture , not only as an occupation , but also as a way of life. Generally , a village may be defined as a  Group of people living in a definite geographical area  Characterised by consciousness of kind  Common life styles  Intensive social interaction Bogardus :- “Human society has been cradled in the rural group.” Mandelbaum :- “The village is clearly an important and viable social entity to its people who also take part in the larger society and share in the pattern of the civilization.” 2
• 3.
  Village Solidarity Village solidaritydeveloped  By mutual exchange  Various socio-cultural activities  Religious gatherings  Different ethnic groups depended on other ethnic groups for their livelihood.  Socio-economic process plays an important role behind the village solidarity  Village solidarity is seen at the time of danger- droughts , floods , epidemics , famine or natural disasters 3
• 4.
  Internal Regulations Each villagehad its own rules and regulations – principles , customs , rituals etc.  Dominant ethnic groups sometimes manages the village directly  Sometimes through panchayat system  There were no villages which were not under the complete control of single ethnic group. There was a conflict between powerful groups.  Unity existed for welfare work.  Gram panchayat was the means of Village Solidarity.  The panchayat had the task of monitoring whether the villagers are following the accepted customs , rules and regulations.  In this way through panchayat , people of dominant caste enforced the rules and regulations and maintained order. 4
• 5.
  Self-Sufficient Village Community 5 According tomany sociologists , the pre-British Indian Village society was a self-sufficient village. There  are many controversy based on agriculture and handicrafts  Equipped with all sort of facilities within it  Does not depend upon the neighbouring villages  Consumed food made from the crop grown in village  Wear clothes , spun in the local mills  Complete absence of any contact with outside world  Apart from farmers,cobblers,blacksmiths,potters,carpenters, oilmen,barbers,dhaepas and other artisans lived in the village  No existence of private property in land.  Existed for centuries.  Produced keeping in mind the needs of villagers.  No surplus production  No profit in it
• 6.
  Little Republic According toCharles Metcafe , the village communities are little republics , having nearly everything that they want within themselves and almost independent of any foreign relations. Representation of Geographical Features - Village Panchayat  Entire land of village was in the possession of panchayat  The Panchayat was the representative of the village society  Arranged the distribution of cultivable land 6
• 7.
  Characteristics of Village Society Absence of private ownership on land  Unification of agriculture and handicrafts  Isolation of village society  Lack of mobility 7
• 8.
  Characteristics of Village Community Community sentiment  Contact with nature  Thin population  Agro-based occupation  Face to face relation  Self Sufficiency  Caste System  Conservatism  Jajmani System  Panchayat  Family and kinship  Low quality of life 8
• 9.
  Change in VillageCommunity  Change in community sentiment  Decreasing self-sufficiency  Increase in Social mobility  Disorganisation of joint family system  Change in marriage system  Change in role of caste system  Change in educational system  Change in religious system  Change in economic system  Change in political system 9
• 10.
  Evolution of VillageCommunity has passed through different stages  Primitive Village Community  The part played by kinship  Its collective bias  Medieval Village Community  Modern Village Community 10
• 11.
  Growth of VillageCommunity Factors for the growth :-  Topographical factor  Land  Water  Climate  Economic factor  Agriculture  Rural economy  Cottage industries  Social factor  Peace  Security  Cooperation 11
• 12.
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