Download as PDF, PPTX
More Related Content
Similar to Vitamin and minerals supplementation by Rutuja
Vitamin and minerals supplementation by Rutuja
- 1. BY.MS. RUTUJA MANE BSCNURSING , GTCN SOLAPUR Vitamins and Minerals Supplementation
- 2. VITAMINS SUPPLEMENTATION: Introduction Vitaminsone organic substances that maintain the normal structure and function of cells since they cannot be synthesized by the human body they Such added in human diet from external sources
- 3. CLASSIFICATION According tothere property to be dissolved in fat or water, vitamins are classified as : Water soluble vitamins Fat Soluble vitamins
- 4. FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS vitamin A,D,E & K are fat-soluble vitamins. These are hydrophobic in nature stored in the lives These are hot excreted out of body therefore excessive intake can Produce a toxic effect & also result in condition Known as hypervitaminosis.
- 5. WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS Vitamin B complex &vitamin C are water Soluble vitamins These compounds are Carbon, Hydrogen ,Oxygen and Nitrogen These are not Stored in bodyTherefore these are required daily in small quantities.
- 6. CLASSIFICATION COTN….. VitaminA (Retinol) Vitamin D (calciferol ) Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Vitamin K (Phylloquinone) Fat solubleVitamins Water soluble vitamins Vitamin B Complex.(Thiamine). B2 (Riboflavin) B3 (Niacin) B5 (Pantothenic acid) B6 (pyridoxine ) B7(Biotin ) B9(Folate or folic acid) B12 (Cobalamin). Vitamin c (Ascorbic acid)
- 7. FAT -SOLUBLE VITAMINS Enlistthe sources functions,deficiency diseases,and daily requirement of fat soluble & water - solubleVitamins respectively Vitamins &Their Chemical Names Sources Functions Deficiency Diseases Recommended dietaryAllowance (adults) VitaminA (Retinol) Milk ,better,cheese, Egg yolk, fish ,liver, green leafy vegetables,Ripe fruits like mango maintance of healthy epithelial tissues. Proper functioning of retina & vision. Stunted growth ,night blindness, dryness of eyes , Xerophathalmia, Keratinization 750 mg Vitamin D ( calciferol ) Fish,liver oil,egg yolk , milk & cheese facilitates absorption & utilization of calcium and phosphorus for healthy bones & teeth . Rickets In Children & Osteomalacia in adults 2.5 mg
- 8. Vitamins &Their Chemical Names SourcesFunctions Deficiency Diseases Recommended dietary Allowance (adults) Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Egg yolk milk, butter ,green vegetables,nuts & oils of geems of cereals like wheat Maintains a healthy muscular system& acts as an antioxidants Anaemia in pregnant women& neurological disorders 8-10 mg Vitamin K (Phylloquinone ) Cabbage, cauliflower, fish, liver, fruits & leafy vegetables Formation of prothrombin & FactorsVII ,IX, &X in liver Slow blood clotting & hemorrhages in New borns 70-140 gm
- 9. Vitamins & their chemicalnames Sources Functions Deficiency diseases Recommended dietary Allowance (adults) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Yeast,liver ,germ of cereals,nuts ,pulses,rice, polishing,egg yolk Proper utilization of Carbohydrates in food & nutrition of nerve cells General fatigue& loss of muscle tone , ultimately leads to beriberi 1-1.5 mg Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Liver,Yeast,milk, eggs ,and green vegetables Necessary for tissue oxidation& growth Angular stomatitis, cheilosis , dermatitis& eye lesions 1.5 – 2 mg WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
- 10. Vitamins &Their Chemical Names SourcesFunctions Deficiency Diseases Recommended dietaryAllowance (adults) Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Meat ,liver, vegetables,bean of cereals,egg yolk, beans & soybeans Protein metabolism & formation of RBCs & WBCs Rarely observed because of wide distribution in foods 1-2 mg Vitamin B12 cyonacobalamin Liver,milk ,moulds, fermenting liquors & egg Maturation of RBCs Pernicious anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia, Degeneration of nerve fiber of spinal cord 2-3 gm Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) Dark green vegetables, liver, kidney & eggs Formation of RBCs Megaloblastic anaemia & diarrhea 200 gm
- 11. Vitamins &Their Chemical Names SourcesFunctions Deficiency Diseases Recommended dietaryAllowance (adults) Vitamin B3 ( Niacin,nicotinic acid) Yeast, offal ,fish ,pulses & whole meal ,cereals, synthesized in the body from tryptophan Metabolic functions cells necessary for the tissue oxidation Prolonged deficiency causes ,pellagra ( symptoms include dermatitis diarrhea ) 10 -20 mg Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) Liver, Yeast,egg yolk & fresh vegetables Formation of RBCs Dermatitis& adrenal insufficiency Unknown Vitamin B7 (Biotin ) Yeast , liver kidney pulses& nuts Carbohydrate& fat metabolism & growth of bacteria Dermatitis & conjunctivitis Unknown
- 12. Vitamins &Their Chemical Names SourcesFunctions Deficiency Diseases Recommended dietaryAllowance (adults) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid ) Citrus fruits raisins , berries , green vegetables , potatoes, liver & glandular tissue of animals Formation& maintenance of healthy intercellular matrix& maturation of RBCs Multiple hemorrhages ,slow wound healing, anaemia,gross deficiency Severely bleeding gums 30 – 45 mg
- 13. MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION Introduction Minerals mostly form complex with the insoluble fibers or phytates in the intestine This hinders the intestinal absorption of dietary minerals expect for Sodium and potassium
- 14. CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS Macrominerals The daily requirement of these minerals is more than 100 mg per day examples include :- 1. Calcium 2. Phosphorus 3. Sodium 4. Potassium 5. Magnesium Micro minerals The daily requirement of these minerals is less than 100 mg per day , examples includes :- 1. Iron 2. Iodine 3. Zinc 4. Copper 5. Manganese
- 15. MACRO MINERALS Mineral SourcesFunctions Recommended dietary allowance Calcium Milk , eggs ,fish & vegetables • Bone calcification • Action of enzyme • Blood coagulation • Excitability of neuromuscular • Hormone action • Hormone release Adults:- around 0.5 gm /day Pregnant women & children:- 1.5 gm Phosphorus Cheese, milk ,nuts ,egg • Formation of bones • Formation of nucleic acid • Activation of enzymes • Production of biochemical compounds Adult :- 500 mg Pregnant women & children :- 400- 600 mg
- 16. Mineral Sources FunctionsRecommended dietary allowance Sodium Table salt (Sodium chloride) , meat, fish, eggs, milk, cheese, cauliflower, spinach • Neuromuscular excitability • Regulation of fluid • Acid Base balance 5- 10 gm Potassium Vegetables • During water retention or loss • Insulin stimulates the cellular uptake of potassium • Acid base balance • Helps in neurotransmission • Damaged cells release potassium ions Adult :- 2.4 gm Child :- 1.3. gm
- 17. Mineral Sources FunctionsRecommended dietary allowance Magnesium Nuts , cereals, beans, fish , almonds • Enzyme activator • Neuromuscular excitability • Glucose tolerance Adult man:- 300 mg Adult women & children:- 150 mg – 250 mg
- 18. Mineral Sources FunctionsRecommended dietary allowance Iron Leafy vegetables,pulses, cereals,liver,meat Iron helps oxygenate the blood Iron helps convert blood sugar to energy Iron boosts the immune system Adult :- 3- 5 gm Iodine Sea food • Synthesis of thyroid hormones Adult :- 150 μg/day. MICRO MINERALS
- 19. Mineral Sources FunctionsRecommended dietary allowance Zinc Meat , liver,seafood, eggs ,vegetables Containing enzymes eg.lactate dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phosphatase & carboxypeptidase It helps in the production of DNA & Proteins 8 mg/ day for women and 11 mg/day for men. Copper Organ meats, shellfish , nuts,seeds ,wheat bran cereals & whole grain products making energy, connective tissues, and blood vessels.Copper also helps maintain the nervous and immune systems and activates genes. Adult:- 900 μg/day
- 20. Mineral Sources FunctionsRecommended dietary allowance Manganese Cereals , vegetables,tea & some parts like liver, kidney & muscle of the body • Role in animal reproduction • Proteoglycan synthesis • Porphyrin synthesis • Bone growth • Acts as cofactor 2.3 mg a day for men and 1.8 mg for women
- 21.