Waste management

WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste
Waste Management
Any unused, rejected and unwanted material is called Waste.
It is also known as trash, garbage, refuse or junk material.
Waste Management refers to the activities connected with the
collection
& disposal of the wastes.

Activities
• Waste Collection
• Waste Transportation
• Waste Segregation
• Waste Recycling
• Waste Disposal
• Waste Minimization & Control

Facts about Waste Management
 In India, 62 million tones of waste is generated annually.
 5.6 million tones of waste us plastic waste.
 Per capita waste generation in Indian cities range from 200 gram to 600 gram per day.
 43 million tonnes of solid waste is collected & 11.9 million
that is 22-28% is treated & rest is dumped at the landfill sites.
 Globally 22,000 waste to energy plants are there.
 India has only 8 plants which convert waste into energy.
 The Centre for science & environment analysis on swachh survekshan
says that top cities follow poor waste management system.
 CSE says that these cities focus on centralized model without
segregation of waste.

Kinds of Waste
Solid Waste Liquid Waste

Classification of Waste
• According to their properties
1. Bio-degradable Waste
2.Non-Biodegradable Waste
• According to their effect on human health and
Environment
1.Hazardous wastes
2.Non-hazardous wastes

Types of Waste by its Origin
Municipal Solid Waste
Bio-Medical Waste
Industrial Waste
Agriculture Waste
Fishery Waste
E-waste

Magnitude of Problem
• Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per annum
• Urban population increase between 3-3.5% annum
• Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5% annually
• India produces more than 42.0 million tons of municipal solid waste annually

• Affect our health
• Affect our socio-economic conditions
• Affect our coastal and marine environment
• Affect our climate
• Rising global temperature are expected to raise sea levels and change -
precipitation and other local climate conditions.
• Changing regional climates could alter forest, crop yield, and water
supplies.
• This could also affect human health, animals, and many types of
ecosystem.
Impact of Waste

Biodegradable
and
Degradable
Plastic
• Starch
based
plastic
• Can
degrade
itself in
90days
Cullet
Remanufacturin
g
• Cullet – Broken
Glass Pieces
• Cullet
undergoes
melting and
remanufacturin
g process
Deinking
Technology for
Paper Recycling
• Through this
process paper
ink is removed
from recycled
paper slurry
• A newspaper
can be
recycled up to
5 times
Vermicompostin
g
• Animal waste,
Pharmaceutical
waste, Food
and Sewage
waste is
processed
through
earthworms.
• The output of
this process
can be used as
Bio-Fertilizers
for crops
Refuse Derived
Fuel (RDF)
• Fuel produced
from various
types of wastes
such as
municipal solid
wastes (MSW),
industrial
wastes or
commercial
wastes.
Bio-conversion
• Food waste and
other
combustible
waste are
collectively
incinerated and
landfilled.
• Biogas can be
used for Cooking
and can also be
as a substitute
for Natural Gas
•
Technologies Available

Waste Hierarchy
Waste hierarchy is a tool used in the evaluation of
processes that protect the
environment alongside resource and energy
consumption to most favorable to least favorable
actions.
The hierarchy establishes preferred program priorities
based on sustainability.
The hierarchy captures the progression of a material or
product through successive stages of waste
management, and represents the latter part of the life-
cycle for each product

Methods of waste disposal
Recycling:
Recycling serves to transform the wastes into products of their own genre through
industrial processing. Paper, glass, aluminum, and plastics are commonly recycled. It
is environmentally friendly to reuse the wastes instead of adding them to nature.
However, processing technologies are pretty expensive.
Preventing or reducing waste generation:
Extensive use of new or unnecessary products is the root cause of unchecked waste
formation. The rapid population growth makes it imperative to use second-hand
products or judiciously use the existing ones because if not, there is a potential risk of
people succumbing to the ill effects of toxic wastes. Disposing of the wastes will also
assume formidable shape. A conscious decision should be made at the personal and
professional level to judiciously curb the menacing growth of wastes.

Incineration:
Incineration is a fancy way to describe burning waste as a disposal method. This
process generates heat, which is then used for energy. Incineration also creates by-
products, including various gases and inert ash. The incinerator design and the
waste material being burned dictates how much pollution this method creates.
Filters can minimize the pollution.
Incineration is financially better than recycling because it's cheaper to burn waste
for energy than the expenses involved in recycling. But it's more expensive than
disposing of trash in a landfill. Incineration reduces waste volume by up to 90
percent of the original amount. If organic waste is incinerated, the resulting ash can
provide nutrients for hydroponic solutions. Incineration is the preferred method for
disposing of toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes.
Composting:
Composting is a natural process where organic wastes break down into nutrient-rich compost perfect for
your garden plants. Microbes decompose the organic materials as they sit in a compost pile or bin for
months. Composting preserves more nutrients than incineration and is the preferred method for organic
waste disposal. The main drawback is the amount of time it takes for the organic materials to break down into
compost. This method also requires you to have enough space to make a large compost pile, which is
challenging if you live in a multi-family dwelling or have a small yard.

Recycling of Waste
Recycling is processing used materials (waste) into new, useful
products. This is done to reduce the use of raw materials that would
have been used. Recycling also uses less energy and great way of
controlling air, water and land pollution.

How to recycle different types of
waste?

Conclusion
• Improper waste management leads to
• Increase in Green House Gas effects.
• Rapid increase in global warming.
• Contamination of water, air and land.
• Causes hazardous environment leading to deadly diseases.
• Affects biotic and aquatic life including both flora and fauna.
• Degrades the quality of agricultural land.

• To curb the effects caused due to improper handling of waste, we as managers
should do the following;
• Provide proper training to all the employees and workers.
• Generate awareness among the people of healthy working habits.
• Have check points in the organization to keep an eye upon the waste generated.
• Utilize the available resources optimally.
• Incorporate the usage of alternative fuels.
Conclusion

Waste management

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