Waste to Resource

DR K M SONI
CHIEF ENGINEER, CPWD, MUMBAI

 CONTINUOUS PROCESS
 COMPLICATED AND NOT FULLY
UNDERSTOOD
 FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE CHANGE ARE
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCING
MECHANISMS

 The Earth's surface temperature has risen by about
1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with
accelerated warming during the past two decades.
There is new and stronger evidence that most of
the warming over the last 50 years is attributable
to human activities. Human activities have altered
the chemical composition of the atmosphere
through the buildup of greenhouse gases –
primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous
oxide. The heat-trapping property of these gases is
undisputed although uncertainties exist about
exactly how earth's climate responds to them (US-
EPA). The reason, the temperature has risen so
much in the past 150 years is because of how much
more we have used fossil fuels, which gives off
carbon dioxide.

 According to NOAA, the global warming
rate in the last 25 years has risen to 3.6
degrees F per century, which tends to
confirm the predictions of temperature
increases made by international panels of
climate scientists (IPCC).”

 HUMAN INFLUENCE
 INCREASES GREENHOUSE GASES LIKE CO2, CH4,
NO, CFC ETC FROM THE EMISSIONS OF FOSSIL
FUEL COMBUSTION
 AEROSOLS
 OZONE DEPLETION
 DEFORESTATION
LEADING TO CLIMATIC CHANGE AND GLOBAL
WARMING

 FOSSIL FUELS (COAL, GAS AND PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS) REQUIRED TO PRODUCE ENERGY
FOR;
 ELECTRICITY
 MANUFACTURING MATERIALS/PRODUCTS
 RUNNING/TRACTION OF
AUTOMOBILES/TRAINS

 FOSSIL FUELS
 RENEWABLE ENERGY
 NUCLEAR POWER
 OTHERS
SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
FOSSIL
FUELS
RENEWABL
E ENERGY
NUCLEAR
OTHERS
67%16%
13%
• DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL FUELS TO BE REDUCED
• WASTE GENERATED TO BE UTILIZED

RENEWABLE ENERGY
HYDROELECTRIC
WIND
GEOTHERMAL
PHOTOVOLTAIC
6%
0.06%
92%
HYDROELECTRIC POWER HAD ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES
SO OTHER SOURCES NEED TO BE TAPPED

 INDUSTRY(46%)
 COMMERCIAL (9%)
 AGRICULTURE
(18%)
 TRACTION (2%)
 DOMESTIC (22%)
 OTHERS (3%)
SECTOR WISE ELECTRIC
CONSUMPTION IN INDIA
DOMESTIC
COMMERCIA
L
INDUSTRIAL
TRACTION
AGRICULTU
RE
NEED TO ECONOMISE CONSUMPTION IN IN INDUSTRY,
AGRICULTURE, AND DOMESTIC SECTOR PARTICULARLY
46%
18% 22%

We, in the country, NEEDTO prevent waste

Food
AVOID WASTAGE OF
FOOD, WATER AND
ENERGY
(www.cbc.ca)
(www.newindianexpress.com)
(ecurrentaffairs.in)

AVOIDWASTAGEOF
FOOD, WATERAND
ENERGY
(www.quora.com)

AVOIDWASTAGEOF FOOD , WATERAND ENERGY
(www.sustainablog.org)

Water
(athreya.wordpress.com)
(www.globalgujarat.news.in)
(www.tribuneindia.com)

WillTherebe Enough Waterfor Everyone?

Need to give more emphasis
on agriculture sector
2010
irrigation
drinking
water
industry
energy
others
84.5%
7%
• Irrigation efficiency barely 35 %
• Only 16% of farmers aware of
irrigation efficiency technologies
• 50% water lost to leakage & system
inefficiencies
(yourarticlelibrary.com)
(kssrdi.org)

Save Domestic and Rain Water
• Recycling
• RWH
• Preservation and creation of
Water bodies

Many other materials
• 10 litres or 2.6 gallons of water
cumulatively to produce one sheet
of A4 (8.5″ x 11″) paper.
• Chocolate requires 17,196 litres of
water need to produce 1kg of the
product.

Water requirements for production
• 75,000 gallons of water to produce one
ton of steel
• 24 gallons of water to make 1 pound of
another everyday material: plastic.
• 700 gallons of water for one new cotton
shirt.
• It takes at least twice as much water to
produce a plastic water bottle as the
amount of water in the water bottle

 FOOD
 WATER
 IRRIGATION WATER
 DOMESTIC WATER
 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
 DOMESTIC PRODUCTS
 BUILDING MATERIALS
 ENERGY

C & D WASTE
• Construction and Demolition (C & D) waste
is the waste generated from construction
or demolition activities of civil engineering
structures. Such waste is generated from;
• Roads,
• Footpaths,
• Buildings,
• Bridges,
• Flyovers,
• Dams, and
• Other similar civil engineering structures.

C & D WASTE
It consists mostly of inert and non-
biodegradable materials such as;
• Bricks, stones, aggregates,
• Concrete,
• Aluminium, steel,
• Tiles, ceramic materials
• Wood,
• Plastic,
• Electric wiring,
• Glass, and
• Many more similar materials. These waste
materials are mostly heavy having high density
compared to municipal waste.

C & D Debris Breakdown (US)
(www.intechopen.com)

Composition of MSWin India
(www.eai.in)

Demolition
Wastage of C & D
waste

Is it due to completion of life of structures
(timesofindia.indiatimes.com)

Whether these structures will have prescribed useful life?

Whether these structures will have prescribed useful life?
(www.topnews.in)

Unsafe construction
(www.iitk.ac.in)

Preferred management of C & D waste
(www.en.wikipedia.org)

(www.cdeglobal.com)
(www.recyclingproductnews.com)
(www.forconstructionpros.com)
(www.cdeglobal.com)

The construction and demolitionwaste recycling plant in Burari, where tiles
are made fromcrusheddebris.
(www.thehindu.com)

GREEN BUILDING CONCEPT
 SITE DESIGN
 WATER EFFICIENCY
 ENERGY EFFICIENCY
 CONSERVATION OF MATERIALS AND
RESOURCES BY USE OF PRODUCTS
MADE FROM WASTE
 GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS
 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

PARAMETERS TO DETERMINE GREENBUILDING
MATERIALS
 EMBODIED ENERGY
 WASTE CONTENT
 LIFE CYCLE DURABILITY
 MAINTAINABILITY
 TOXICITY I/C DURING FIRE
 SAFETY DURING INSTALLATION/USE, FIRE, E/Q
ETC
 LOCAL AVAILABILITY
 ENERGY REQUIREMENTS DURING ITS USE
 RECYCLABILITY

GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS
 CEMENT
 SAND
 BRICKS
 CONCRETE
 TIMBER
 WATER
 OTHER MATERIALS/FIXTURES

SAND
(cdeglobal.com)
(thehindubusinessline.com)

BRICKS/BLOCKS
(www.mrbricks.in)
www.ecobrick.in) (www.dir.indiamart.com)

HPC AND LIGHT WEIGHT
STRUCTURES
(www.lgam.info)
(solarfeeds.com)
(www.harbun.me)

SAVE WOOD, SAVE FOREST,
SAVE ENVIRONMENT

 Particle boards
 Composite wood substitutes
 PVC
 Planted timber like euclyptus
 MDF
 Bamboo composites
 Rubber wood composites
 RCC and other materials for specific
applications

Water harvesting
(www.thehindu.com)
(www.rainyfilters.com)

USE PRODUCTS
MANUFACTURED FROM
WASTE
(www.recyclebuild.com.au)

TRAFFIC CHAOS
(www.thehindu.com)

PUBLIC TRANSPORT
MAKE PUBLIC TRANSPORT EFFICIENT,
COMFORTABLE AND USE IT)
(www.padhaaro.com)
(www.indiatoday.intoday.in)
(www.team-bhp.com)

Pooling of Resources
(www.archives.deccanchronicle.com)

Implement RECYCLING principle
(www.sites.google.com)

GREEN BUILDINGS
(www.ecoideaz.com)

NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
INDIRA PARYAVARAN BHAWAN
NEW DELHI

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
 Sustainable development is mostly defined
as development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their
own needs (Brundtland Report). It contains
within it two key concepts:
 The concept of needs, in particular the
essential needs of the world's poor, to which
overriding priority should be given; and
 The idea of limitations imposed by the state
of technology and social organization on the
environment's ability to meet present and
future needs.

CONCLUSIONS
 FOLLOW THE APPROACH OF
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMET
 STOP WASTE
 DO NOT GENERATE WASTE
 USE WASTE AS RESOURCE
 TO AVOID EMISSION OF GREENHOUSE
GASES
 TO AVOID CLIMATE CHANGE

Waste to Resource

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