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Water Pollution and its control through biotechnology
Water pollution occurs from both point and non-point sources and can be physical, chemical, or biological in nature. It affects plants and organisms in bodies of water. Biotechnological control of water pollution uses aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes. Aerobic processes use microorganisms like Pseudomonas and algae to break down pollutants, and occur in suspended growth systems like activated sludge or attached growth systems like trickling filters. Anaerobic processes use microbes like Peptococcus anaerobus and Escherichia coli to treat waste in the absence of oxygen in digesters.
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Overview of water pollution, its definition, and the damaging effects on ecosystems.
Identifies point and non-point sources along with physical, chemical, biological, ground, and surface water pollution.
Discusses the harmful effects of organic matter, heavy metals, and microbial pollutants on aquatic and terrestrial life.
Introduction to biotechnological methods for wastewater treatment through aerobic and anaerobic processes.
Details on aerobic treatment, including suspended growth systems (activated sludge) and attached growth systems (trickling filters).
Describes anaerobic wastewater treatment methods, discussing both attached and suspended growth systems and their processes.
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Water Pollution and its control through biotechnology
- 1. 1 WATER POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROLTHROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY 1
- 2. 2 SYNOPSIS Introduction Sources of waterpollution Types of water pollution Effects of water pollution Control of water pollution through biotechnology 2
- 3. 3 INTRODUCTION : Water pollutionis the contamination of water bodies. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water and the effect is damaging the natural biological communities. 3
- 4. 4 SOURCESOF WATERPOLLUTION:- Pointsource Non–point sources TYPESOF WATERPOLLUTION Physical pollution Chemical pollution Biological pollution Ground water pollution Surface water pollution (N.B. Singh and www.wikipedia.com 4
- 5. 5 EFFECTSOF WATER POLLUTION Organicmatter, heavy metals from industrial processes are toxic to marine life such as fish and shellfish, and subsequently to the humans who eat them. Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in infectious diseases that infect aquatic life and terrestrial life through drinking water. Eutrophication. 5
- 6. 6 Control of waterpollutionthrough biotechnology Methods of waste water treatment (www.wikipedia.com) 6
- 7. 7 Biotechnological control ofwater pollution includes two process Aerobic treatment e.g., Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium & algae-chlorella. Anaerobic treatment e.g., Peptococcus anaerobus, Escherichia coli, Methanobacterium, Methanococcus 7
- 8. 8 Aerobictreatment:- Aerobic process canbe categorized in two types:- i. Suspended growth system Suspended growth system includes Activated sludge Oxidation ditches Oxidation pond 8
- 9. 9 ii. Attached growthsystem Attached growth system includes Trickling filters Rotating biological contactor 9
- 10. 10 i. Suspended growthsystem Activated sludge treatment process:- Fig:-Sludge treatment process (www.wikipedia.com) 10
- 11.
- 12. 12 Oxidation Ponds:- Fig:- Aerobicoxidation pond (www.wikipedia.com) 12
- 13. 13 b. Attached growthsystem Trickling filters:- Fig:-Trickling filter (U. Satyanarayan) 13
- 14. 14 Rotating biological contactor Fig:-a.Rotating biological contactor b. A single disc 14(U. Satyanarayan)
- 15. 15 When an oilspill occurs, some of the bacteria can use it as new energy source and become the most numerous, there even may be some evolution of other bacteria that allows recessive oil eating ability to become more dominant. Some clean-up experts like to dose the area to be treated with activated sludge (concentrated bacterial colonies) from industrial waste water treatment systems that have been treating oily waste. Fig:- superbeg (www.wikipedia.com) 15
- 16. 16 Anaerobic treatment:- Anaerobic processis carried out in specially designed reactors. The treatment process consists of mixing of sewage with recycled sludge solids and then digestion under anaerobic conditions. After the digestion is complete the supernatant effluent is discharged and the settled sludge is recycled. 16(U. Satyanarayan)
- 17. 17 MICROBIOLOGY OF ANAEROBICWASTE WATER TREATMENT: Fig:-Degradation of organic materials in anaerobic digestion 17(U. Satyanarayan)
- 18. 18 It is alsoof two types:- i. Attached growth system Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion Anaerobic filter process ii. Suspended growth system Anaerobic contact Digester Septic tank Imhoff tank. 18(U. Satyanarayan)
- 19. 19 a. Attached growthprocess Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion (USAB) Fig:-UASB reactor (www.wikipedia.com) 19
- 20. 20 ANAEROBIC FILTER PROCESS Fig-ANAEROBIC FILTER PROCESS (N.B. Singh) 20
- 21. 21 SUSPENDED GROWTH PROCESS Anaerobic contact Digester Fig:-ANEROBIC CONTACT DIGESTER 21(N.B. Singh)
- 22. 22 Two other typesof Digester are:- Septic tank Imhoff tank. Fig:- septic tank 22(N.B. Singh)