Watt Governor

WATT GOVERNOR
Submitted to: ABC sir
Name: Xyz
Branch:Mechatronics Subject:
K.O.M/D.O.M

INTRODUCTION:
 A governor is a system that is used to
maintain the mean speed of an
engine, within certain limits, under
fluctuating load conditions. It does this
by regulating and controlling the
amount of fuel supplied to the engine.

 In general the speed of an engine varies
in two ways-during each revolution(cyclic
revolution) and over a number of
revolutions.
 Watt governor is designed by James
Watt in 1788 for his steam engine
therefore it is called watt governor.
 Watt governor is the simplest form of
centrifugal governors. Centrifugal
governors are special type of governors
with a feedback system that controls the
speed of an engine by regulating the flow
of fuel or working fluid.

 Watt governor has two fly balls
attached to two arms of negligible
masses. Watt governor is used to
supply the required amount of fuel at
different speed.
 When the speed of engine increases,
the supply of fuel needs to increase
and as the engine speed decreases
the supply of fuel should be decreased
.

 Watt governor consists of two fly balls
which are located at the end of the
arms . The upper parts of these two
arms are pivoted to the spindle.
 This spindle is driven by the engine
through the bevel gears.
 The lower parts of arms are connected
to the sleeve which move upward or
downward as the balls moves upward
or downward .

Working:
This is a short video about the working of watt
governor
(sir, please wait 2-3 sec. and click on the video to start with
full screen mode and you have to be connected to the
internet)

 Watt governors consists of two balls
which are attached to both arms which
are of negligible mass. The upper side
of arms are pivoted so that its balls
can move upwards and downwards.
 These arms are connected to the
spindle . The engine drives the spindle
through bevel gears.

When the engine speed
increases:
 When the speed of engine increases ,
the load on the engine decreases and
the speed of rotation of spindle
increases.
 The centrifugal force on balls
increases and the balls move upwards
and hence the sleeve moves upward.

 The upward movement of sleeve
causes the throttle valve at the end of
the ball crank lever to decrease the
fuel supply.
 The power output is reduced.

When the engine speed
decreases:
 When the engine speed decreases,
the load on engine increases and
speed of rotation of spindle decrease.
 The centrifugal force on balls
decreases and the balls moves
downwards.

 As the balls move downwards, hence
the sleeve moves downward which
causes the throttle valve to increase
the fuel supply and the power output is
increased.

Formula Used:
Using reference of the above figure,

 The spindle is driven by the output shaft
of the prime mover. The balls are
mounted at the junction of the two arms.
The upper arms are connected to the
spindle and lower arms are connected to
the sleeve. The watt governor is suitable
for low speed i.e. 60 to 80 rpm. The
height of the governor.
 h=895/N2
where N=r.p.m

Let
M=mass of the ball,kg
W=weight of the ball,N
h=height of the governor
r=radial distance of the ball from the axis of the spindle
w=angular velocity of the balls and arms about the spindle axis
T=tension in the arm,N
Now,
Under equilibrium,

Take moment of the forces about O,
For equilibrium,

 The controlling force diagram shows
you how the inward force varies with
the radius of rotation and the effect of
friction.
 Controlling force of governor is equal
and opposite to the centrifugal action.
 Controlling force,fc=mw2r

Advantages:
 Watt governors are special type of
governors with a feedback system that
controls the speed of an engine by
regulating the flow of fuel or working
fluid.
 It can be operated at very high speed.
 It is smaller in size.

Disadvantages:
 Watt governors are limited to in
vertical position applications.
 Watt governor is used in very slow
speed engine.
 At higher speed, the sensitivity will
decrease.

Applications:
 This mechanism is crucial to the
industrial revolution – most of the
textile, coal mining, tableware, steel
mills and many other industries that
were flourishing at the time required a
stable engine speed from their steam
engines to run effectively and
efficiently.

Hydraulic control
The flyweights are linked hydraulically to the fuel control assembly.
This system consists of a pilot control valve which is connected to the
governor spindle and a piston.

Governors are used in an Elevator. It acts as a stopping
mechanism in case the elevator runs beyond its tripping
speed (which is usually a factor of the maximum speed of the
lift and is preset by the manufacturer as per the international
lift safety guidelines).

For example, if you had a large factory that had many weaving machines
that produced lengths of woven cotton to the tailors, with each machine
powered by a series of belts by a steam engine, you would need all of
your weaving machines to run at a constant speed, otherwise the material
produced would have irregular weaves, be substandard and not sell-able.

Conclusio
n
 Through this presentation we have
learnt about the watt governor, it’s
construction, working, formula used,
force diagram, advantages,
disadvantages and applications in
various areas.
Thank You
For Any Queries:
M.No.: xxxxxxxx22
E-Mail ID: …..@gmail.com

Watt Governor

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