Web後端技術的演變
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This document discusses the evolution of web backend technologies. It covers the history and concepts of infrastructure as code, immutable infrastructure, blue-green deployments, and canary deployments. It also discusses tools for physical delivery, virtual machines, configuration management, continuous integration/delivery, Docker, and Kubernetes. Kubernetes makes it easy to implement infrastructure as code practices and deployment strategies like blue-green and canary deployments through features like deployments and services.
Web後端技術的演變
- 2. About Me ● R&D in inwinStack ● love sharing in conference ○ PyCon.TW ○ COSCUP ● OpenStack、Kubernetes、Machine learning ● [email protected]
- 3. ● History ● Concept ○ Infrastructure as Code ○ Immutable Infrastructure ○ Blue-green deployments ○ Canary deployments ● Tools
- 4. Physical Delivery ● Server ○ IPMI ● Switch ● Router
- 5. Software delivery on the cloud ● Virtual Machine ● Software Defined Networks ● Software defined Storages ● API/GUI ● AWS、Google Cloud Platform 、Azure、 OpenStack
- 6. Configuration management ● Configure an OS including the user, group, and system libraries, and also manages multiple servers that keep consistent with the desired state or configuration if we replace the server. ● Puppet / SaltStack / Ansible Script Language Action Configuration Management State
- 7. Continuous Integration / Continuous Delivery Continuous Integration VCS Build Server Testing Automation Tools Continuous Delivery Continuous Integration VCS Build Server Testing Automation Tools Deploy Server
- 8. Infrastructure as Code ● Infrastructure as code is the process of managing and provisioning computer data centers through machine-readable definition files, rather than physical hardware configuration. ● Use the configuration management tool helps to automate the setup cloud infrastructure by configuration file
- 9. Principles of Infrastructure as Code ● Systems Can Be Easily Reproduced ● Systems Are Consistent ● Design Is Always Changing
- 10. Immutable Infrastructure ● Servers are never modified after they're deployed. If something needs to be updated, fixed, or modified in any way, new servers built from a common image with the appropriate changes are provisioned to replace the old ones. ● Easy to upgrade / downgrade.
- 11. Immutable Infrastructure ● System Infrastructure is divided into "data" and "other". ● "Other" are replaced at every deployment. ● "Other" are modifed with version controll. ● "Other" include “config”, “program”, “environment”.
- 12. Immutable Infrastructure Running Container V1 volume Running Container V2 volume Stopped Container V1 Running Container V1 volume Stopped Container V2 upgrade downgrade
- 13. Blue-green deployments ● a technique that reduces downtime and risk by running two identical production environments called Blue and Green. Service Pod: v1 Pod: v1 upgrade Pod: v2 Pod: v2 Service Pod: v1 Pod: v1 Pod: v2 Pod: v2
- 14. Canary deployment ● slowly rolling out the change to a small subset of users before rolling it out to the entire infrastructure Service Pod: v1 Pod: v1 Service Pod: v1 Pod: v2 Service Pod: v2 Pod: v2 upgrade upgrade
- 15. Microservices ● an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services, which implement business capabilities. ● OpenStack
- 16. Tools
- 17. Physical delivery ● Cobbler / TripleO for installing OS ● Ansible / Puppet for installation / configurement ● Supervisord / Systemd for process management
- 18. Virtual Machine / IaaS ● Ansible / Puppet for installation / configurement ● Supervisord / Systemd for process management
- 19. Docker ● Easy to use container ● Dockerfile (version control) ● Single Host
- 20. Kubernetes ● Multi-node ● Pod, Deployment ● Scheduler ● Life management ● Rolling update ● HA ● Load balance
- 21. Kubernetes ● It’s easy to implement: ○ Infrastructure as Code ○ Immutable Infrastructure ○ Blue-green deployments ○ Canary deployments
- 22. Kubernetes - blue-green deployments ● deployment.yml
- 23. Kubernetes - Blue-green deployments ● service.yaml
- 24. Kubernetes - blue-green deployments ● DEPLOYMENT=blue envsubst < service.yml | kubectl apply -f - ● DEPLOYMENT=blue IMAGE_TAG=v1.0.0 envsubst < deployment.yml | kubectl apply -f - ● DEPLOYMENT=green IMAGE_TAG=v2.0.0 envsubst < deployment.yml | kubectl apply -f - ● DEPLOYMENT=green envsubst < service.yml | kubectl apply -f -
- 25. Kubernetes - Canary deployments ● Built-in feature
- 26. Conclusion ● With kubernetes, It’s easy to implement new infrastruct/deployment. ● nerver broken => easy to replace
- 27. Q & A