What is computer?

What is computer?

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  What is computer? Brief Understanding Compile By Zafar Ayub [email protected]
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  What is computer? A computer is a device that accepts information / data by input, manipulates it for some result based on a program / sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed, generate result as output and store in their storage as needed. Compile By Zafar Ayub 2
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  Primary operation ofcomputer The four basic operation describe in computer definition; Input – entering data into the computer Processing – performing operation on the data Output – presenting the result Storage – saving data, programs, and output results IPOS Cycle The sequence of input, processing on data, generating output, and storage is also referring to IPOS Cycle / information processing cycle. Compile By Zafar Ayub 3
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  Data vs. Information Data - User inputs into a computer is Data, likes raw material before data processing. Data maybe relates as facts, events, transactions, images, songs, and documents. Data is also refers to unprocessed information. Information - When data is processed into meaningful format, by specific program, it becomes information. Information is also know as results. Compile By Zafar Ayub 4
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  Example - Studentadmission form, at time of submission college collect required student data like name, age, pervious history of education, certificates, picture and signature. When admission department process in their system with some specific program (student enrolment software), after successful students get admission and issuing student ID card, student ID card is information of student. Compile By Zafar Ayub 5
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  Primary components ofcomputer Today computer system have two major components, as following; Hardware - all physical devices like input, processing, output, storage, and communication are Hardware. Software - all computer define instructions / programs, which may operate hardware and process user input data for output, known as Software. Example – a cassette player and its cassettes are hardware, but the songs recorded on the cassettes are its software. To listen to a song, that song has to be recorded on one of the cassettes first, which is then mounted on the cassette player and played. Compile By Zafar Ayub 6
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  Relation - allhardware devices like keyboard, CPU, LCD, HDD, and modem are physically assemble in one unit (computer system), computer software / system software (may install on HDD ) execute following devices in manner full way, and user define program / application software generate results. Compile By Zafar Ayub 7
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  Computer Hardware Compile By Zafar Ayub 8
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  There are fivemajor category of hardware devices, as per their functionally, 1) Input devices - an input device is any piece of equipment that is used to input data into the computer. Keyboard – Joystick - Mouse – Scanner - Microphone - Touch screen – Digital pen - Fingerprint - Compile By Zafar Ayub 9
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  2) Processing devices- The main processing device for a computer is the central processing unit (CPU). Motherboard – Processor - RAM – VGA Card - Power supply - Casing – Compile By Zafar Ayub 10
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  3) Output devices- The output device accepts processed data from CPU and present the result to the user. Monitor / LCD – Printer - Plotter – Speaker - Headphone - Projector – Compile By Zafar Ayub 11
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  4) Storage devices- Storage devices are used to store data like input data, processing software, and generate results output. HDD – USB - DVD drive – DVD - Floppy drive - Floppy – Zip drive - Zip disk – Tape drive - Tape cartridge - Compile By Zafar Ayub 12
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  5) Communication devices- Communication devices allow users to communicate electronically with others, access remote information via internet from home / school / company computer network. Modem – NIC - DSL / ISDN – Wireless USB - Wireless modem - Mobile – Wi-Fi - Bluetooth - Compile By Zafar Ayub 13
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  Computer Software Compile By Zafar Ayub 14
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  There are twomajor category of computer software, as per their functionally, 1) System Software - The programs that allow a computer to operate and manage hardware are communally known as system software. System software also refers as operating system; Which start up computer (means boot) Control its primary operation Manage hardware devices Boot process Boot process sequences; Turn on power button During boot “kernel” of operating system loaded into memory Computer does quick diagnostic it self Load “shell” of operating system – desktop Lunches any application software like antivirus for cleaning Compile By Zafar Ayub 15
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  Examples – Windows XP– Red Hat - MAC OS X – Google Chrome OS – Solaris Unix - Compile By Zafar Ayub 16
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  2) Application Software- Application software consists of programs designed to allow people to perform specific tasks using a computer. Application software load at operating system kernel. There are dozens of applications software types like; Publishing software, animation software, presentation software, word processing software, viewing web pages, record keeping (data base) software, developing languages, an etc. Examples – MS Office – Norton antivirus - Photoshop - WinZip - Compile By Zafar Ayub 17
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  EA games – Chromebrowser - Oracle 10g database – Java – Yahoo messenger - Compile By Zafar Ayub 18