Wheat seeds production Technology presentation .pptx

FARWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Agriculture
School of Agriculture
Tikapur, Kailali
PRESENTATION TOPIC: WHEAT SEED PRODUCTION
Presented by:
Amit sha, Anandmani Bhatt,Ankit Pokhrel, Anmol Khaka
Roll no: 06,07,09,10
4th
semester

1. Introduction
 3rd
most important crop of Nepal with 7,16,978ha
area under cultivation production of 21,44,568 mt.
Ton which is the productivity of 2.99mt/ha(2078/79).
Has 5.67% contribution on AGDP
Can be grown upto 4000masl
Grown in both irrigated &non-irrigated condition.

2. Land selection
Free from volunteer plants , devoid of noxious
weed
Has well drainage
Fertile and near neutral soil(6-6.5)
Field with kernel bunt disease in the successive
year should be avoided.

3. Field standard
Being self pollinated crop has little chance of cross
pollination only 1-4% is reported
Both foundation and certified seed field should have
minimum 3m field to other varities
Minimum 150m isolation distance for wheat, rye and
triticale with infeststion of loose smutin excess of 0.1%
for foundation seed fields and 0.5% for certified seed
fields.
3.1 Isolation requirements

3.2 varietal purity
The maximum permissible limit of off type and
inseparable other crop plants (barley, oats,
tritical and chickpea) is 0.05% and 0.05%
respectively in foundation seed fields and 0.1%
and 0.3% respectively in certified seed fields at
the time of final inspection.

3.3 Seed borne disease
 The foundation seed fields should not have
more than 0.1% plants affected by loose smut and
in certified seed fields such plants should not
exceed 0.5% at any inspection between ear
emergence and harvesting.

3.4 Roguing
Timely done to maintain varietal purity and seed
health standard
Disease affected plants should be removed
on the basis of plant height, tillering habit, ear size
and density, awn length and colour and glume colour
should be rouged out before final inspection
Plants of barley, oats, triticale, and chickpea
should also be removed.

2-3 rogueing may be necessary to bring the seed plot
to seed certification standards.
The first rogueing may be done just ahead of the
flowering stage, or during flowering, second rogueing
should be done just after flowering is completed, and
before the crop starts to turn color.
The third rogueing should be done after the ear
heads turn colour and start to mature.

4) Cultural Practices
Deep ploughing followed by harrowing after pre
sowing irrigation.
Leveling should be done.
OM+soil applying insecticides like BHC or
Malathion dust 10% @25kg/ha before last harrowing
or ploughing.
4.1 land preperation

4.2 Time of sowing
Based on climatic condition of any location
15th
Nov for terai and inner terai and Oct last to
Nov 1st
week in hilly area

4.3 Seed selection and treatment
Purchased from authorized agency
Certified by certifying agency
Treated with vitavax @25gm/kg for loose smut

4.4 seed rate
80-100 kg/ha seed is recommended

4.5 Method of sowing
Row to row by seed drill, behind the local
plough or by broadcasting
Depth should be 5-7cm
Field should be clean to avoid mechanical
mixture with another cultivar.

4.6 Spacing
If seed is sown in line, the spacing
between rows should be maintained as
20-22cm and between plants it should be
3-5cm.

4.7 Fertilizer management
The fertilizer application depends upon the soil
test result
In general, provide 80-120: 50-60:40kg NPK/ha
respectively.
 Apply N; 3 split doses of 60:30:30 kg/ha at
basal, tillering and panicle initiation stage
respectively.
 If Zinc deficiency is noticed in the soil, ZnSO4
@ 15-20kg/ha as basal dose should be applied.

4.8 Water management
 Irrigation number depends upon the types of soil,
residual moisture of proceeding season, variety etc.
 Depending upon the soil 4-6 irrigation may be
sufficient.
 If sufficient irrigation is available, it should be
applied at CRI, tillering, jointing, flowering,
milking and dough stages.

4.9 Weed management
 Periodic hoeing and weeding kept the field free of weeds.
Manual weeding is generally practiced.
If manual weeding is not possible different herbicides can be
used.
 For control of broad leaf weeds 2,4-D @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha in
750 lit of water after 25-30 DAS and to control grasses like
Ragatejhar (Phalaris minor) or
Wild oat (Avena fatua) apply Pendamethalin 1 kg/ha in 750
lit of water after 35 DAS or
 Isoproturon 1 kg a. i. /ha in 750 lit of water after 35 DAS.

4.10 Plant Protection
• Termites, stem borer and wire worms may infest
fields.
• Loose smut (Propiconazole), Alternaria or
Helminthosporium (Triazole) may be a problem of
disease.
• So apply appropriate pesticides when necessary.

5. Field inspection
Minimum 3 inspection should be conducted
1st
at emergence to verify the source of seed and
check isolation distance
2nd
at heading stage
3rd
at full maturity to record off types , and
inseparable crop plants

During any inspection between ear emergence and
harvesting, actual counts should be taken from separate
places distributed at random in such a way that whole
area of seed field is covered.
Thousand (1000) ear heads should be included in each
count and examined carefully for off types, number of
objectionable weeds and loose smut affected plants.
 An inspection report should be prepared on
completion of each inspection and a copy of the report
should be given to the seed growers.

6. Harvesting and threshing:
Handle the produce carefully during harvesting and
threshing.
Harvest the crop soon after maturity to avoid shattering and
losses due to unfavorable weather condition (sprouting).
Check the cleanliness of threshing floor and threshing
equipment properly.
Threshing can be done with stationary thresher or by
bullocks trampling.
The crop can also be harvested by using combine harvester
directly in the field when seed moisture is below 16%.

7. Drying, cleaning, bagging and
storage
The moisture percent of the seed should be 11-12%,
which can be maintained by drying.
The seed should be cleaned, treated and bagged
immediately after threshing or stored in a dry, insect
and rodent proof warehouse.

8. Seed yield
 Estimated seed yield may be 4-5 tons/ha.

Wheat seeds production Technology presentation .pptx

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Wheat seeds production Technology presentation .pptx