Why is DDS the Right Technology for the Industrial Internet?

Your systems. Working as one.
Why is DDS the Right Technology
for the Industrial Internet?
The Real-Time Communications Platform for the Internet of Things™

The Internet of Things
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

2014 Top Tech Trends
• 1) Internet of Things
• The IoT promises to be the
most disruptive technological
revolution since the advent of
the World Wide Web.
Projections indicate that up to
100 billion uniquely
identifiable objects will be
connected to the Internet by
2020, with enormous
technical, socioeconomic,
political, and even spiritual
consequences.

What is the Internet of Things?
• Cisco “Internet of Everything”
– …the latest wave of the Internet -- connecting physical
objects…to provide better safety, comfort, and efficiency
• IBM “Internet of Things”
– …a completely new world-wide web, one comprised of the
messages that digitally empowered devices would send to
one another. It is the same Internet, but not the same Web.
• GE “Industrial Internet”
– …convergence of machine and intelligent data…to create
brilliant machines
• RTI “Your Systems. Working as One.”
– RTI exists to enable and realize the potential of smart
machines to serve mankind… The IoT is as profound as the
cell network, GPS, or the Internet itself. The Internet of
Things and the Intelligent Systems it enables will
fundamentally change our world.

The Future of Intelligent Machines

The OMG’s Industrial Internet Consortium
• OMG manages the IIC
• Goal is to bring standards clarity to
the Industrial Internet
• 5 large company founders, led by GE
• RTI is an IIC launch member & on
OMG board

The DDS Standard
• Data Distribution Service from
OMG
• OMG: world’s largest systems
software standards org
– 470+ members
– UML, DDS, SysML, MoDAF, DoDAF,
more
• DDS: open & cross-vendor
– Standard API enables choice of
middleware
– Standard wire spec enables
subsystem physical interoperability
– 12 implementations
Cross-vendor source portability
Cross-vendor interoperability
DDS-RTPS Protocol
Real-Time Publish-Subscribe
Distribution Fabric
DDS API

DDS: The Software DataBus
• Data centric
– Like a database for
moving data
• Decouples modules
– Like SOA
• Plug and play flexibility
– Like a hardware bus
• Peer-to-peer
performance
– Like streaming protocols
• Standards-based
interoperability
– Like TCP/IP
Data-Centric Messaging Bus
Scalable, high performance, reliable infrastructure
DataBus™

Amazingly Functional!
• Reliable Operation
• Real-Time Delivery
• System of Systems Integration
• Connect any OS, Language,
Transport
• Crisp Interface Design
• Easy Tech Upgrades
• Multi-Channel Flow
• Plug & Play Discovery
• Open Architecture
• Wireless Links
• Fine-Grain Security
• Physics-Speed Response
• Scalability
• Database Integration
• High Throughput
• Hyper-Efficient Filtering
• Reliable Uptime
• System Evolution Support
• Small Device Connection
• Safety-Critical Certification
• Large Fan In/Out
• Real-Time and IT Integration
• Standards Based

Smart Machines in the IIoT
• Defense
• Unmanned Vehicles
• Transportation
• Industrial
• Healthcare
• Energy
• Communications

Zumwalt DDG 1000
• Raytheon uses RTI middleware to
control the new Zumwalt DDG 1000
destroyer
• RTI DDS coordinates and manages
complex, diverse onboard hardware
and software systems
• RTI connects hundreds of computers,
thousands of applications, and more
than 10m publish-subscribe pairs
• RTI middleware extends real-time
scalability

Avionics Upgrades
• Boeing’s AWACS
provides airborne
surveillance,
command & control
for battle
management
• Then AWACS upgrade
design is more open
and supportable
• Open and extensible
middleware lowers
maintenance cost

Critical Energy Infrastructure
• RTI middleware controls the
6.8 GW Grand Coulee Dam
– Largest power plant in North
America
– Fastest-responding major
power source on the Western
Grid
– Requires 24x7 operation
• RTI met the challenges
– Extreme availability
– Wide area communications
– Multi-level routing
– High security
– 300k data values
• RTI system live now

Distributed Power Generation
• Siemens Wind Power
fields farms of 500
turbines with 100m
blades
• DDS enables fast
control within
turbines and
distributed gust
mitigation across the
array
• RTI will also
integrate with
predictive
maintenance and
business diagnostics
• RTI melds real-time
with IT

Smart Grid Distribution and Control
• MicroGrids connect
generation, load, and
storage to optimize
usage and eliminate
traditional grid
infrastructure
• Deploying at Toronto
Hydro
• Connext™ DDS
middleware seamlessly
integrates apps,
enforces security,
merges NI LabVIEW

Smart MicroGrid Control
Neighborhood MicroGrid
Solar
Field Network
Wind
Local
load
control
Industrial MicoGrid
Solar
Field Network
Diesel
Local
load
control
Central
Office & Grid
Infrastructure
Backhaul
Network
Plant MicoGrid
Load
Estimat
orField Network
Phase
control
SCADA

Mining: Harsh Environment
• Joy Mining is the
world’s largest
mining equipment
manufacturer
• DDS connects the
controller, operator
GUI, and historian
• Reliable, fast
connectivity enables
control, debugging,
and system health
monitoring for
continuous mining

Industrial Automation
• Schneider is a global
factory automation
manufacturer
• RTI eases PLC integration,
provides up-to-the-
minute data
• Works with limited
memory and processing
power on PLCs
• RTI middleware connects
factory PLCs and IT
systems

Large SCADA Systems
• NASA KSC’s new
Constellation launch
control SCADA system
• RTI delivered 300k points,
at 400k msgs/sec with 5x
the required throughput,
at 1/5 the needed latency
• NASA mitigated risk by
parallel-tracking multiple
DDS vendors
• RTI connects thousands of
sensors and actuators

Asset Tracking: Fit to Architecture
• The US Army Blue Force
Tracker (JBC-P) must
process 200,000+ tracks.
• Transactional design was:
– 1.5m SLOC
– 12,000 tracks
– 11 servers w/88 cores
• The DDS design is:
– 50k SLOC
– 250,000 tracks
– 80% of a single core
– Fully redundant
– Reliable multicast

Rail Tracking
• Wi-Tronix systems
wirelessly monitor high-
value mobile assets such
as locomotives,
industrial equipment
and marine vessels
• RTI addressed critical
issues such as optimized
flow and discovery
process over a wireless
network
• RTI middleware works
effectively over lossy
wireless networks

EMS Device Integration Platform
• The largest EMS
equipment provider
supplies emergency
response
equipment to 60%
of the world’s
emergency vehicles
• Uses RTI
middleware for
mobile device bus,
in-vehicle platform,
cloud connectivity

Vehicle-Cloud-Destination Integration
Connecting devices with hospitals to provide better treatment while en-route
4G/LTE

Inter-Vehicle Communications
• Exelis (ITT) C4i provides command and control systems
for military and civilian agencies (fire/police/emergency
response)
• RTI Connext DDS connects GUIs to servers that route
voice and video
• RTI met the critical needs: scalability, routing, recording

Medical Imaging
• Coordination
– ECG sync
– Generator
– Scanner
– Power
– Servo
• Burst image data
acquisition
• Control & monitoring
– Systems ready for scan
– Status during scan
• Operator interface
• Integration
– Many languages, OS, data
models
– Data archiving

Device Connection for Patient Safety
• Hospital error is
the 6th leading
cause of
preventable death
• DocBox integrates
devices to
improve patient
safety
• RTI Connext ties
together devices,
services, and
displays in real
time
“RTI Connext DDS met all our needs – whether
we’re handling 12 patients, or 200.”
-- DocBox Founder, Tracy Rausch

Hospital: System of Systems Integration
• Hospital net challenge
– 1000s of patients, >100k
devices
– Wired/wireless/ISM
– Moving patients
– 100% uptime, security
– Real-time waveforms
• DDS technology
– Data centric addressing
– Smart data filtering
– Routed deployment
– Optimized updates
– Automated test harness

Surgical Systems
• The Minimally
Invasive Robotic
Surgery (MIRS) system
at DLR coordinates
three robots to
perform delicate
heart surgery.
• The system closes a
distributed loop
between the robots
and the remote
surgeon’s control at
3kHz.
• RTI enables new
medical techniques

Surgical Theatre Integration
Operating Room Domain
High-Speed DataBus
Xray
UltrSnd
ProbeVid
Image
Fusion
Instrument
Integration
Room
Control
Surgeon
Display
Data
Storage
EHR
ECG
PxR
SpO2
Down Sample
Graphics
System
GPU
Graphics
System
GPU
Tablet
Tablet
TabletRemote
Monitors
WirelessDataBus

Advanced Proton Therapy
• Mevion’s Proton-
Beam Radiation
Therapy system zaps
tumors with
accelerated protons
• The treatment must
be continuous for 30-
40 days; downtime
endangers treatment
success
• With DDS, Mevion’s
PBRT delivers
dependable
treatment at low cost
First patient treated Dec 2013,
Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis

PBRT Data Challenges
• Supercon-
ducting
synchro-
cyclotron
control
• Coordinate
– Imaging
– Patient
positioning
– Treatment
– Machine
control
– Hazard
mitigation

Smart Cars
• The VW Driver Assistance
and Integrated Safety
system combines radars,
laser range finders, and
video to assist safe
operation
• It helps avoid obstacles,
detect lane departures,
track eye activity, and safely
negotiate bends
• Advanced safety systems
must connect to existing
hardware. RTI middleware
bridges high speed
networking to the CAN bus

Distributed Test
• A modern car contains
100+ CPUs
• Audi uses hardware-in-
the-loop simulation to
feed realistic data to
components in a lab
for testing
• RTI middleware
enables a modular test
environment that
scales to work with
hundreds of devices

Pilotless Airplanes
• RTI leads in defining
a standard
architectures for
unmanned vehicles
and avionics
• RTI chairs the
architecture for UCS
(ground stations)
and is key at FACE
(avionics)
• RTI is building a
DO178C-level A
safety-certified DDS

Air Traffic Control: 24x7 Operation
DDS was selected for its extensive
compliance with the Object
Management Group (OMG) DDS
standard; its high security rating;
its wide support of tools and
programming languages, and its
reputation for performance,
scalability, and 24/7 reliability
– Sid Koslow, Chief Technology
Officer, NAV CANADA.
Air Traffic Control for Canada
2nd largest ANSP in the world
80 sites

Airport Control
Airport Area Bus
Radar
Radar
Radar
Controller
Displays
Sensor
Fusion
Logging
Collision
Detection
Flight
processing
Air Traffic Control
Inter-CenterBus

Is DDS for You?

Types of Middleware
Point-to-Point Client/Server
Brokered
ESB
Daemon
Publish/Subscribe
Data-Centric
Publish/Subscribe (DCPS)
Data-Centric
DataBus
Queuing

Message Centric Approach
• Traditional middleware exchanges messages
• Infrastructure is unaware of the content
• Developers write applications that send messages
between participants
Popular standards: JMS API; AMQP wire spec

Data Centric Approach
• Data-centric middleware maintains state
• Infrastructure manages the content
• Developers write applications that read and update a
virtual global data space
Persistence
Service
Recording
Service
Source
(Key)
Wind Power Phase
WPT1 37.4 122.0 -12.20
WPT2 10.7 74.0 -12.23
WPTN 50.2 150.1 -11.98
Popular standards: DDS API, wire spec

Data Centric Communications
x=12.3 Open z=7.3 Alarm P=on
x=12.3 Open z=7.3 Alarm P=on
x=12.3Openz=7.3AlarmP=on
OpenAlarm

Coupling
• Verb-based: applications
interact with each other
• Noun-based: applications
interact with data model
Set B3 to 27 B3

Managing State is Critical
• Data centric
– Single version of truth enables interoperation
– Content-aware infrastructure eases integration
– Clear rules for access, changes, updates tame
complexity
• Technologies
– Database
– Data-centric middleware

DDS: Distribute Device Data
Real-Time
Analytics &
Control
Operator HMI
Sensors Actuators
Inter-vehicle /
Hwy / Cloud
Integration
Data Distribution Service (DDS)

QoS: Quality of Service
Volatility
UserQoS
Delivery
PresentationRedundancy
Infrastructure
Transport
QoS Policy QoS Policy
DURABILITY USER DATA
HISTORY TOPIC DATA
READER DATA LIFECYCLE GROUP DATA
WRITER DATA LIFECYCLE PARTITION
LIFESPAN PRESENTATION
ENTITY FACTORY DESTINATION ORDER
RESOURCE LIMITS OWNERSHIP
RELIABILITY OWNERSHIP STRENGTH
TIME BASED FILTER LIVELINESS
DEADLINE LATENCY BUDGET
CONTENT FILTERS TRANSPORT PRIORITY

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
AverageLatency(Microseconds)
Throughput (Messages per Seconds)
1 (1 per CPU and NIC)
20 (1 per CPU and NIC)
40 (1 per CPU, 2 per NIC)
Performance Under Load
• Reliable multicast
• Fully meshed, reliable
Number of Subscribers
Orders of
magnitude faster
than IT solutions
Fastest DDS solution
Comprehensive results online at www.rti.com© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

Reliable Multicast
1  ~1000 subscribers, < 15% throughput decrease
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
MessagesperSecond
PerSubscriber(200Bytes)
0 200 400 600 800
1,000
Number of Subscribers
• Millions of data
elements
• .5m updates/sec
(batched)
• 10s µs latency
• 1000s of
consumers

How to Choose?

Identify Your Primary Challenge
Web Services and Business Apps
Devices and Intelligent Systems
Control: DDS
Access:
XMPP, REST Collect:
MQTT, CoAP
Process: AMQP

Choose DDS If…
• Disaster if offline for 5 minutes?
• Measure performance in ms or us? Or scale
>100+ applications? Or 10k+ data values?
• Code active lifetime >3 yrs?
• 2 or 3 => DDS
Control: DDS

Unit DataBus
Unit DataBus
End-to-End DataBus
• Connect…
– Fast
– Seamless
– QoS controlled
– Secure
– Data centric
• …80 Platforms…
– Micro controllers
– Certified systems
– Embedded
– Mobile
– Desktop
– Cloud
• …over 12 Transports
– UDP or TCP
– D/TLS (secure)
– Wireless or wired
– Shared memory
– Backplane
– Cloud virtual connect
Intelligent
Machines
Intelligent
Systems
Intelligent
Industrial
Internet
Cloud DataBus
Site DataBus
Intelligent
System of
Systems
Unit DataBus
Sense Act
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
Sense Act
Think HMI
Machine DataBus

Strive For: One Logical Dataspace…
DDS DataBus
Sensors Actuators
Analytics &
Control
HMI/UI
IT, Cloud & SoS
Connectivity

…Hiding Complex Network Topologies
ActuatorsSensors
Analytics,
control
HMI
ActuatorsSensors
Analytics,
control
HMI
ActuatorsSensors
Analytics,
control
HMI
Analytics,
control
HMI
Centralized analytics
Decentralized devices, streaming analytics and control

Integrate to Complete System
• Routing
Technologies
– ESBs (Camel)
– Real-Time
(DDS Routing
Service)
MQTT
Web
Field
Busses
AMQPJMS
TCP
Routing Service
Pluggable Adapters
Transformation Engine
Database Historian
DDS Databus
DDS Databus

Example Protocol Challenges in Power
Grid Control
Optimize BillingBalance Grid
Collect
Meter Data Turn My
Lights
Off
Manage Loading
Distributed Control
SCADA Control
Device Service
REST CoAP

About RTI
• Market Leader
– Over 70% DDS mw market share1
– Largest embedded middleware vendor2
– 2013 Gartner Cool Vendor for technology
and Open Community Source model
• Standards Leader
– Active in 15 standards efforts
– OMG Board of Directors
– DDS authors, chair, wire spec, security, more
• Real-Time Pedigree
– Founded by Stanford researchers
– High-performance control, tools history
• Maturity Leader
– ~700 designs; by far the most-used DDS
– Used in TRL 9 systems
1Embedded Market Forecasters
2VDC Analyst Report

Critical Infrastructure Trusts RTI
• World’s largest Wind Power company
• World’s largest Underground Mining Equipment company
• World’s largest Navy (all surface ships)
• World’s largest Automotive company
• World’s largest Emergency Medical System company
• World’s largest Medical Imaging provider
• World’s 2nd largest Patient Monitoring manufacturer
• World’s 2nd largest Air Traffic control system
• World’s largest Flight Simulator company
• World’s largest Broadcast Video Equipment manufacturer
• World’s largest Launch Control System
• World’s largest Telescope (under construction)
• World’s 5th-largest Oil & Gas company
• World’s 6th-largest power plant (largest in US)
• All of world’s top ten defense companies
Over $1 trillion
relies on RTI

The Future is Now

For More Information
www.rti.com
Community.rti.com

Why is DDS the Right Technology for the Industrial Internet?

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