Wildlife and livelihood

Wildlife and livelihood

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  Submitted by: Ajay Kumar Rollno 56 Class M.Sc. Zoology (F) SUBMITTED TO:- Dr. Deepak Rai Department of Zoology Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra
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  Livelihood:- Livelihoods are themeans that enable people to earn a living. This includes the capabilities, assets, income and activities people require in order to ensure that their basic needs are covered.  A person's livelihood refers to their "means of securing the basic necessities (food, water, shelter and clothing) of life.  Livelihood is defined as a set of activities essential to everyday life that are conducted over one's life span. Such activities could include securing water, food, fodder, medicine, shelter, clothing. A livelihood is sustainable when it allows people to cope with, and recover from, setbacks and stress (such as natural disasters and economic or social upheavals), and improve their welfare and that of future generations without degrading the environment or natural resources base.
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   An individual'slivelihood involves the capacity to acquire aforementioned necessities in order to satisfy the basic needs of themselves and their household.  For example - A fisherman's livelihood depends on the availability and accessibility of fish.  Livelihoods are multidimensional and a number of conceptual frameworks have been developed to guide livelihood assessment given this characterization.  The most encompassing and basic framework accepted by the international community is the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach or Framework (SLA or SLF), developed by DFID (1999) and OECD (2001), which is used to gain a better understanding of livelihoods, especially those belonging to the most disadvantaged populations.
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  Wildlife:-  Wildlife traditionallyrefers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to include all organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans. ... Deserts, forests, rainforests, plains, grasslands, and other areas, including the most developed urban areas, all have distinct forms of wildlife.  Livelihood and Wildlife relation:- The livelihood of human beings and other animals depend on the wildlife like flora and fauna in term of food, shelters, trade and another economic importance for human beings.
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  How wildlife helpfor livelihood  It provides the following things for livelihood as given under:-  FOOD  SHELTERS  ECONOMIC BENEFITS 1. WILDLIFE TRADE 2. WILDLIFE TOURISM 3. WILDLIFE JOBS  ECOLOGICAL BALANCE
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  Economic importance forlivelihood  The wild life can be used to earn money.  Wild plant products like food, medicine, timber, fibres, etc. are of economic value and the wild animal products such as meat, medicines, hide, ivory, lac, silk, etc. are of tremendous economic value.  Wildlife provides us the raw and basic material to start any industry , factory etc for our earnings .  Wildlife is also considered to be the one of the greatest factor for increase and better development of word trade and increase in national income.  It also helps the farmers the most by providing a better way in ploughing and other techniques .  Since wildlife is the source of income to many they play a vital role in their life as the economic factor.
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  Food:-  All foodcomes from plants, even animals depend on plants. Hence, we obtain food from plants directly or indirectly.  Animal products are used as food directly or indirectly. Milk, eggs and meat are important examples of food from animals. Wildlife Trade:-  Any sale or exchange of wild animal and plant resources by people. This can involve live animals and plants or a diverse range of products needed or prized by humans—including skins, medicinal ingredients, tourist curios, timber, fish and other food products.  Trade may have positive or negative consequences for the local livelihoods of the poor, specifically their income source, assets and wellbeing.
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  From Agricultural andProcessed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) India's exports of Processed Food was Rs. 31,204.78 Crores in 2019-20.  India's total export of floriculture was Rs. 541.61 Crores/75.89 USD Millions in 2019-20.  India's exports of Animal Products was Rs. 26,383.99 Crores/ 3,694.29 USD Millions.  India is the world's second largest producer of Rice, Wheat and other cereals.  India's export of cereals stood at Rs. 47,287.12 crore / 6,611.09 USD Millions during the year 2019-20.  Cotton plays a major role in sustaining the livelihood of an estimated 5.8 million cotton farmers and 40- 50 million people engaged in related activities such as cotton processing and trade.
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   The indianpoultry market consisting of broilers and eggs was worth INR 1750 billion in 2018.  It is estimated that the jute, silk, wool industry provides direct employment to more than 0.37 million workers in organized mills etc.  Fishing in India contributed over 1 percent of India's annual gross domestic product in 2016. Fishing in India employs about 14.5 million people.
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  Medicinal value:- The rosyperiwinkle provides the cure for Hodgkin's disease and certain forms of leukemia. Chemicals extracted from the Rosy Periwinkle (Catharanthus rosea) increase the survival rate of children with leukemia from 20% to 80%. The Houston toad, which is secretes chemicals through its skin. These chemicals such as serotonin and alkaloids, are used as Medicines to treat heart and nervous disorders in humans.
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   In 2002,diabetes affected an estimated 18.2 million Americans. An experimental drug derived from Gila monster saliva appears to help people with type-2 diabetes gain control over their blood sugar. The compound triggers the release of insulin when blood sugar levels are too high.  WILDLIFE TOURISM:- Wildlife tourism refers to the observation and interaction with local animal and plant life in their natural habitats. • A WWF report shows that 93% of all natural heritage sites support recreation and tourism and 91% of them provide jobs.
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  .  Tourism inIndia is important for the country's economy and is growing rapidly.  The World Travel and Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated 16.91 lakh crores in 2018 and supported 2.673 million jobs, 8.1% of its total employment.  Foreign exchange earnings from tourism in India 2018 is about 194,882 crores earning. EXAMPLE- National parks, Herritage sites , Wildlife santuary etc. i. Kaziranga National Park, Assam ii. Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh iii. Taj Mahal iv. Ajanta Caves
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  Wildlife jobs:-  Parksand conservation worker.  Environmental science and protection technician.  Parks and conservation technician.  Conservation scientist.  Forest officer , zookeeper , worker etc.  Tourist guider
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  IS WILDLIFE PROVIDEBENEFITS FOR LONGER TIME So the answer for this question is yes if we save and conserved the wildlife.  Harvesting of wildlife for international trade can have positive and negative impacts on conservation.  These largely depend on whether harvest is consistent with sustainable use.  The use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity.  And maintains their contribution to present and future generations. Therefore , For the continuous uses of flora and fauna large no convention had been held and brought the no. of rule or act, establishment of protected area and board for conservation and monitoring of wildlife.