Wind energy

Wind energy

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  A seminar reportsubmitted For the degree of Bachelor of Technology In Electrical & Electronics Engineering By Satya narayan Rout Regd:-xxxxxxxxxxx
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  CONTENTS Chapter 1: WindTurbines Chapter 2: Controllers Chapter 3: Generator Chapter 4: Power Electronics Applications In Wind Energy Conversion System Chapter 5: Grid Connection Requirements Chapter 6: Conclusions
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  INTRODUCTION  Renewable EnergySources are those energy sources which are not destroyed when their energy is harnessed.  Human use of renewable energy such as sunlight, wind, waves, water flow.  Wind is the motion of air masses produced by the irregular heating of the earth’s surface by sun.  Wind energy is not a constant source of energy.  It varies continuously and gives energy in sudden bursts.
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  WIND TURBINES  Itis a device which converts the kinetic energy of the wind to mechanical energy.  The mechanical energy is then converted to electricity, the machine is called a wind generator , wind turbine, wind power unit (WPU), wind energy converter (WEC), or Aero generator.  Wind turbine is divided in to two types i.e.  1. Horizontal axis wind turbine  2. Vertical axis Wind Turbines
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  TYPES OF WINDTURBINES Wind Turbine Horizontal axis wind turbine Vertical axis wind turbine
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  HORIZONTAL AXIS WINDTURBINE Horizontal-axis wind turbines have the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a tower, and must be pointed into the wind. Most have a gearbox, which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a quicker rotation that is more suitable to drive an electrical generator.  Since a tower produces turbulence behind it, the turbine is usually pointed upwind of the tower. Vertical axis Wind Turbines Vertical-axis wind turbines (or VAWTs) have the main rotor shaft arranged vertically. Key advantages of this arrangement are that the turbine does not need to be pointed into the wind to be effective. This is an advantage on sites where the wind direction is highly variable. VAWTs can utilize winds from varying directions.
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  CONTROLLER Power controller Stall controller Pitchcontroller Yawing controller Elect & mech Breaking controller
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  Interior parts ofwind generating machine
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  GENERATOR Alternators Synchronous type Asynchronous type A generator isa device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Wind generators have traditionally been wind turbines, i.e. a propeller attached to an electric generator attached to appropriate electronics to attach it to the electrical grid.
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  POWER ELECTRONICS APPLICATIONSIN WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM If you switched a large wind turbine on to the grid with a normal switch, the neighbours would see a brownout (because of the current required to magnetize the generator) followed by a power peak due to the generator current surging into the grid.
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  WIND GENERATION SYSTEMDESCRIPTIONUSING PWM IGBT CONVERTERS A device that converts dc power into ac power at desired output voltage and frequency is called an Inverter. Voltage Source Inverter is one in which the dc source has small or negligible impedance. In other words, a voltage source inverter has a stiff voltage source at its input terminals AC loads may require constant or adjustable voltage at their input terminals. When such loads are fed by inverters, it is essential that output voltage of the inverters is so controlled as to fulfill the requirements of the ac loads.
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  GRID CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS Theseare the main issues that new grid must address for wind farm connection. The most worrying problem that wind farms must face is a voltage drope in the grid. The effects of transient faults may propagate over very large geographical areas and the disconnection of wind farms under fault conditions could pose a serious threat to network security and security of supply because a great amount of wind power could be disconnected simultaneously.
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  THE POWER EXTRACTEDFROM THE WIND CAN BE CALCULATED BY THE GIVEN FORMULA:  PW=0.5ρπR³Vw³Cp(λ,β)  Pw = extracted power from the wind  ρ= air density  R = blade radius (in m)  Vw = wind velocity (m/s)  Cp = the power coefficient which is a function of both tip speed ratio (λ), and blade pitch angle (β).
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  WORLD’S MARKET OVERVIEWOF WIND ENERGY
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  INDIA’S MARKET OVERVIEWOF WIND ENERGY  India has a vast supply of renewable energy resources.  India has one of the world’s largest programs for deployment of renewable energy products and systems 3,700 MW from renewable energy sources installed.
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  GRAPH BETWEEN POWERCOEFFICIENT (CP) VS. TIP SPEED RATIO (Λ)
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  CONCLUSIONS From the reportwe studied that wind has a lot of potential in it. It can help by solving the energy crises in the world. The study of wind turbine and its characteristics showed that how it can be properly designed and used to get the maximum output with out pollutions. The power electronic circuit have helped the concept of wind energy also the efficiency has been increased.
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  REFERENCES  D. P.Kothari, K. C. Singal, R. Ranjan, Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies  B.H.Khan, Non-Conventional Energy Resources, Tata McGrawHill, 2009  S. A. Abbasi, N. Abbasi, Renewable Energy Sources and Their Environmental Impact, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2006  www.wikipidia.com  www.yahooanswer.com  www.renewablesourses.com  www.Circuitoday.com