Winding up of a company meaning,

Winding up of a Company
- Meaning, Modes and
Effect
By Komal Bhardwaj
BBA(Gen)
Semester-V)

Meaning
 Winding up of a company is defined as a process by
which the life of a company is brought to an end and
its property administered for the benefit of its
members and creditors.
 In words of Professor Gower, “Winding up of a
company is the process whereby its life is ended and
its Property is administered for the benefit of its
members & creditors. An Administrator, called a
liquidator is appointed and he takes control of the
company, collects its assets, pays its debts and finally
distributes any surplus among the members in
accordance with their rights.”

Modes of Winding up of a
Company
As per section 270 of the Companies Act
2013, the procedure for winding up of a
company can be initiated either:
a) By the tribunal or,
b) Voluntary.

a) Winding up by the tribunal:
As per new Companies Act 2013, a company can be wound
up by a tribunal in the below mentioned circumstances:
1. When the company is unable to pay its debts
2. If the company has by special resolution resolved that the
company be wound up by the tribunal.
3. If the company has acted against the interest of the
integrity or morality of India, security of the state, or has
spoiled any kind of friendly relations with foreign or
neighboring countries.
4. If the company has not filled its financial statements or
annual returns for preceding 5 consecutive financial years.
5. If the tribunal by any means finds that it is just &
equitable that the company should be wound up.
6. If the company in any way is indulged in fraudulent
activities or any other unlawful business, or any person or
management connected with the formation of company is
found guilty of fraud, or any kind of misconduct.

Filling up winding up petition
Section 272 provides that a winding up
petition is to be filed in the prescribed form
no 1, 2 or 3 whichever is applicable and it is
to be submitted in 3 sets. The petition for
compulsory winding up can be presented by
the following persons:
a) The company
b) The creditors ; or
c) Any contributory or contributories
d) By the central or state govt.
e) By the registrar of any person authorized by
central govt. for that purpose

Final Order and its Contents
 The tribunal after hearing the petition has
the power to dismiss it or to make an
interim order as it think appropriate or it
can appoint the provisional liquidator of
the company till the passing of winding up
order. An order for winding up is given in
form 11.

b) Voluntary winding up of a
company:
The company can be wound up voluntarily by
the mutual decision of members of the
company, if:
a) The company passes a Special Resolution
stating about the winding up of the company.
b) The company in its general meeting passes
a resolution for winding up as a result of
expiry of the period of its duration as fixed by
its Articles of Association or at the occurrence
of any such event where the articles provide
for dissolution of company.

Procedure for Voluntary Winding
Up:
1. Conduct a board meeting with 2 Directors and thereby
pass a resolution with a declaration given by directors that
they are of the opinion that company has no debt or it will
be able to pay its debt after utilizing all the proceeds from
sale of its assets.
2. Issues notices in writing for calling of a General Meeting
proposing the resolution along with the explanatory
statement.
3. In General Meeting pass the ordinary resolution for the
purpose of winding up by ordinary majority or special
resolution by 3/4th majority. The winding up shall be
started from the date of passing the resolution.

Up (Cont..):
4. Conduct a meeting of creditors after passing the
resolution, if majority creditors are of the opinion that
winding up of the company is beneficial for all parties then
company can be wound up voluntarily.
5. Within 10 days of passing the resolution, file a notice with
the registrar for appointment of liquidator.
6. Within 14 days of passing such resolution, give a notice of
the resolution in the official gazette and also advertise in a
newspaper.
7. Within 30 days of General meeting, file certified copies of
ordinary or special resolution passed in general meeting.

Up (Cont..):
8. Wind up the affairs of the company and prepare the
liquidators account and get the same audited.
9. Conduct a General Meeting of the company.
10. In that General Meeting pass a special resolution
for disposal of books and all necessary documents of
the company, when the affairs of the company are
totally wound up and it is about to dissolve.
11. Within 15 days of final General Meeting of the
company, submit a copy of accounts and file an
application to the tribunal for passing an order for
dissolution.

Up (Cont..):
12. If the tribunal is of the opinion that the accounts
are in order and all the necessary compliances have
been fulfilled, the tribunal shall pass an order for
dissolving the company within 60 days of receiving
such application.
13. The appointed liquidator would then file a copy of
order with the registrar.
14. After receiving the order passed by tribunal, the
registrar then publish a notice in the official Gazette
declaring that the company is dissolved.

Effect of Winding up by tribunal
(Sec. 279)
 According to this section, the order for
winding up of a company shall operate in
favor of all the creditors and all
contributories of the company as if it had
been made out or the joint petition of
creditors and contributories.

Effect of voluntary winding up
(Sec. 309)
 In the case of a voluntary winding up, the
company shall from the commencement
of the winding up cease to carry on its
business except as far as required for the
beneficial winding up of its business. The
corporate state and corporate powers of
the company shall continue until it is
dissolved.

Winding up of a company meaning,

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