Wireless lighting managemnt system

Wireless lighting managemnt system

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  WIRELESS LIGHTING MANAGEMENT PresentedBy - Id. Hetvi Trada M.I.D, SMAID SMAID Charutar Vidhya Mandal University SHANTABEN MANUBHAI PATEL SCHOOL OF STUDIES & RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE AND INTERIOR DESIGN
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  OUTLINE ― INTRODUCTION ― LUMANARIECONTROLLER ― SENSORS ― SWITCHES AND OTHER DEVICES ― SERVERS AND GATEWAYS ― CLOUD BASED SERVER ― NODES ― RANGE ― HOW WIRELESS LIGHTING SYSTEM WORKS ― NETWORK TYPOLOGY ― STAR TYPOLOGY ― MESH TYPOLOGY ― WIRELESS PROTOCOL ― BLUETOOTH ― ZIGBEE AND ITS ADVANTAGES ― Z-WAVE ― THREADS ― LI-FI ― HOW LI-FI WORKS ― LoRaWAN ― SIGFOX ― Nb-loT ― REFERENCES
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  INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESSLIGHTING SYSTEM ― Wireless lighting control systems consist of luminaire controllers (also called relay modules, power packs or dimming modules), typically installed in or on a luminaire or in a junction box; input devices (e.g., sensors and switches); and management devices including gateways (which function similarly to wireless routers) and servers. ― Sensors feature a wireless transmitter that sends signals through the air to receivers embedded in gateways or repeater modules, which sends signals to a server, which then communicates back to the controller to adjust the status of the luminaire. Switches typically send signals directly to the luminaire controller. ― During setup, all devices are discovered and added to a programmable network, where they’re grouped and given assignments. ― Setup methods vary by manufacturer and include pushbutton programming, bar code scanning, mobile app setup, graphical database generation and others. ― For devices to communicate, they must be in range of each other to ensure reliable signal transmission. The devices are configured within a topology to ensure reliable signal pathways. ― Otherwise, the system may be sized to two devices communicating within range up to autonomous pre- programmed room-based systems all the way up to building-wide networks programmable to controlled lighting via gateways and sending operating data back to a central server.
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  LUMINARIE CONTROLLER ― Thepower controller is a relay-based device that provides ON/OFF switching and (in the majority of LED systems) circuitry enabling 0-10VDC full-range dimming. ― In a wireless system, the controller features an embedded wireless receiver that accepts radio control signals within range. It then acts upon those signals within its set rules. ― Some current lighting control systems offer controllers designed to be integrated into single luminaires. ― For example, a luminaire controller rated to handle up to 1A of load can only control up to 120W (on 120V) or 277W (on 277V) of lighting. ― Many systems also offer controllers able to handle a much greater load, typically used to control multiple luminaires. In a warehouse aisle, for example, it may not be necessary to separately control every luminaire if they are all to respond to the same control sequence of operations. ― It can be simpler and more economical to specify luminaire-integrated luminaire controllers. ― This maximizes control zone granularity, allowing for any desired zoning using luminaires as single units or groups, and eliminates the need to run additional wiring between luminaires and the controller.
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  SENSORS ― Occupancy sensorsand light sensors (photosensors) are input devices required in most interior and some exterior spaces by the majority of commercial building energy codes. ― The only difference in a wireless system is they contain a wireless transmitter to communicate with the system using radio waves. ― Sensors may be specified as part of an integrated luminaire or a separately installed component. ― Some separately installed (standalone) sensors combine the functionality of occupancy and light sensing in a single device to minimize installation. Some sensors provide additional functionality such as temperature sensing. ― Standalone sensors may be battery-powered or, if using EnOcean technology, powered by harvesting energy from the local space, such as ambient light. If the device is battery-operated, it should feature a high- quality battery that provides reliability and long service life. ― It should also be matched to the most efficient devices to maximize the amount of time before a battery charge is required.
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  SWITCHES AND OTHERDEVICES ― As with sensors, switches are required in the large majority of spaces to provide manual override of scheduling or occupancy sensing. They may also provide dimming. And as with sensors, they may be battery-powered or harvest local energy, such as the mechanical energy produced flipping a switch. ― Some switches also offer additional functionality such as a button enabling selection of a preset lighting scene. Additional buttons allow more preset scenes. ― Many control systems provide touchscreen manual control stations as an option. ― These screens provide manual control functions, programmable preset scenes, potential for networking, and potentially integrated non-lighting functions such as temperature control and scheduling occupancy for a space. SERVERS AND GATEWAYS ― If the wireless control system is networked for single- point day-to-day operation and data collection, it will feature a central server and/or gateways.
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  ― Typically residingin an IT or electrical closet, the server stores the information about what lighting and control points are on the network. It also stores commissioning/programming information and may also store energy use data. ― Most networked lighting control systems also use gateways to distribute the network connections from the server out to the devices (controllers, sensors and switches). ― This is true in most wireless systems as well as in most wired systems. In a wireless system, a gateway is essentially a wireless router and is typically installed in the finished space. ― If the connection between the server/gateway and control devices is interrupted, the control devices will continue operating as last configured. The loss of connection to the server may result in energy data and other functionality being lost. ― However In some systems, the server function (central brain) has been incorporated into the gateway. By combining this server function with the gateway function, one device located in the controlled space suffices to do both jobs.
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  CLOUD-BASED SERVERS ― Somemanufacturers allow the owner to use a server in the Cloud, which means there is no server on-site. ― The wireless lighting control system connects with a virtual server located in the Cloud. Some lighting control system vendors actually offer this as a service. ― When you use a wireless lighting control system that has a server in the Cloud, typically the manufacturer will deal with some/all of the commissioning and/or maintenance functions. This may include zoning, rezoning, updating software, updating firmware, etc. The owner typically pays for this with an on-going contract for a certain duration of time. NODES ― Wireless lighting control systems also typically have recommended limits on the number of nodes connected to a particular gateway. ― In a wireless control system, a node is any device that transmits and receives instructions and data wirelessly, with its own unique address (i.e., luminaire controllers, sensors, switches, etc.). ― For example, one manufacturer’s system has a hard limit of 700 nodes per gateway. Another has a recommended limit of 100 nodes per gateway.
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  RANGE ― An importantfactor affecting the location of wireless control devices is signal range. These signals are typically low power, which limits their reach. Wireless control systems are typically designed for low power, low data rate, and close proximity range. ― When designing a wireless control system, pay special attention to manufacturer recommendations for limitations when the signal must travel through obstacles such as interior partitions and dense construction materials such as cinderblock walls. ― The manufacturer may offer other recommendations to help locate devices, such as keeping them a certain distance from metal objects that may impact the accurate transmission of network information.
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  ― When wetalk about wireless control, it's not about wireless control signals transmitted through the air using wireless infrared (IR) energy. Wireless lighting networks typically operate at a radio frequency (RF) between 100 MHz and 5.8 GHz. A lighting infrastructure that use radio wave for device communication typically consists of these components: ― A driver (for LED lighting) that translates the effect of the control signal into corresponding light output. ― A controller that assigns commands to the driver to execute a lighting change. It receives input from connected sensors or from the network server via a gateway. ― A wireless communication module that is usually integrated with the controller to provide two-way communications. ― A gateway or hub that acts as an intermediary to relay messages between lighting devices and a central network server. ― A network server that handles all the intelligence and complexity associated with managing the lighting network. A software platform that acts as a mediator between the hardware and application layers. It provides an interface to initiate data and device management. HOW WIRELESS LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM WORKS NETWORK TYPOLOGY ― For wireless lighting to thrive, Topology describes the interconnections of lighting nodes in a network. The topology of a wireless lighting system makes all the difference when it comes to reliability, resilience, transmission distance, communication rates, and numbers of nodes.
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  ― Networks areconfigured in topologies. Radio-frequency wireless lighting control networks typically use a self- healing mesh or star topology. ― In a self-healing mesh network, data flows between devices (D1, D6, D11 shown here) to communicate between a gateway and a given control point. ― If a device fails, the signal flow automatically reroutes through other devices (“self-healing”) (D1, D6, D9, D10, D11), which increases reliability through multiple nodes and redundancy of nodes. ― In a star topology, signals from all wireless devices are transmitted directly to and from a series of gateways that form the backbone of a fixed network. ― In some systems, one or more luminaire controllers may be designated as repeaters to boost range. ― The relatively low signal traffic volume may increase reliability and speed, making control effects more responsive.
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  STAR TYPOLOGY ― Thetwo fundamental network topologies for wireless lighting systems are star and mesh. In a star topology, a central node managing connections with many peripheral lighting nodes. ― The central node is the hub, or access point (AP), that connects to the internet. In a star topology, peripheral nodes do not talk to each other unless the central node forwards the message. ― The mesh topology is an interoperable networking solution that can extend a network range through multiple hops and offers excellent scalability and reliability. ― In a mesh network, nodes are all connected to each other. Each node has processing power and memory to support the routing function. ― This allows the intelligence of a lighting system to be replicated in every node and, in such a way, avoids the single-point of failure issue that typically happens on wireless networks using a star topology. MESH TYPOLOGY
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  WIRELESS PROTOCOL ― Acommunication protocol is formalized set of rules and guidelines for the interactions among the network's interconnected nodes. ― Today, a typical smart lighting systems consists of a router/gateway with an array of lights being connected to the internet using various wireless communication protocols. ― Wireless connectivity solutions can be grouped into three categories: low power short range technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ZigBee, Z-Wave BLUETOOTH ― Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a wireless personal area network (PAN) technology optimized to transport very large amounts of very small data packets. Bluetooth operates at 2.4 GHz with a range of 40-240 meters and a maximum data rate of 50Mb/s. ― Unlike other low power radio solutions that hop to a hub or a gateway to collect and distribute commands or data, the Bluetooth network relies on its nodes to relay messages from the source node to the destination. ― Douglas Lighting Controls, a part of the Panasonic family of companies, has introduced a complete, stand- alone wireless system to control lights in commercial applications using Bluetooth wireless tech. and Thread; lower power long-range or wide area network technologies like LoRa, Sigfox, LTE-M, and NB-IoT; and high power wireless broadband protocols such as Wi-Fi and 4G/5G.
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  ― A complimentarysmartphone app provides commissioning and control capabilities for the devices and lighting control system. ― Each Bluetooth-enabled device is its own wireless node for sending, receiving, and sharing control commands through a wireless mesh network. ― The system can expand reach and control throughout the network, as each device passes information to the next device. ― The Fixture Controller and Sensor provides automated individual and group control of light fixtures using onboard sensors and Bluetooth technology. ZIGBEE ― Wireless ZigBee Network ZigBee is wireless communication technology for communication among multiple devices in a WPAN (Wireless Personal space Network). ― Zigbee is used in devices where a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking are needed. The maximum data transfer rate of Zigbee devices is 250 Kbps with a 2.4 GHz oscillator. ― Zigbee network can have up to 65336 devices, and each node can interact with every other node, which ultimately results in a very big network.
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  ADVANTAGES OF ZIGBEETECHNOLOGY 1) Less Power Rating 2) Small in size 3) Low cost 4) Long Battery life 5) Supports large number of nodes 6) Open standard protocol with no licensing fees 7) Available from number of source 8) Low maintenance 9) Standard based security (AES 128) Z WAVE ― Z-wave is one of the newest kinds of wireless technology that smart devices use to communicate with each other. ― Z-wave possesses a few unique qualities that translate into major advantages for home automation.
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  ― Z-wave technologycreates a wireless mesh network, which is a collection of devices that link up and communicate with each other without wires. With Z-wave technology, devices “mesh” together by sending signals over low- energy radio waves on a dedicated frequency. ― Every Z-wave device has a tiny built-in signal repeater that sends and receives network information. ― Thread is a low-power wireless mesh networking protocol designed for easy integration in the connected home. ― Being an IP-based open standard, Thread allows smart home devices to securely and reliably connect directly to the cloud. ― Home automation using IoT devices such as lights, thermostats, door locks, and security cameras provides a convenient and rewarding experience for consumers. THREADS LI-FI ― Li-Fi technology is focused on using the light from light-emitting diodes (LEDS) to communicate data. LEDs have become very popular around the world for their efficiency, low environmental impact, and longevity. ― The LED lights in homes and offices can be turned into wireless routers. LED light bulbs are a semiconductor light source, therefore, the constant electricity supply to the bulb can be altered to make it brighter or dimmer.
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  ― Using visiblelight communication (VLC) the current in the LED bulb is flicked on and off at very high rate. ― Li-Fi will continue after you have switched the lights off because the LEDs will be lit and signaling at a low light level that cannot be recognized by the human eye. ― To access the Li-Fi network you simply need a device to detect the light signals, with a component to decipher the light signals. ― Wi-Fi uses radio frequency waves, a technology which has limited space and is quickly reaching its capacity. The limited capacity is why the radio frequency spectrum is heavily regulated in the US. One of the most endearing facets of Li-Fi is that it uses the visible light spectrum. The visible light spectrum is 10 000 times larger than the radio frequency spectrum and is unregulated. HOW IT WORKS ― Data is fed into an LED light bulb which is fitted with signal processing technology. The LED bulb pulses the data at a high non-visible rate to the photodetector. ― The pulses are interpreted by the receiver into an electrical signal, the electronic signal is then converted back to binary data which is the web content we consume. ― The LED lights will be networked, so multiple users can access data using a single LED light or move from one LED light to another without affecting their access.
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  Through Pure Li-Fi andothers like the Li-Fi Consortium, solutions have been built that fit relatively easily into our lives. Pure Li-Fi built a home solution, LiFi-X, wherein the user can buy a brick sized module that connects to their LED light bulb and a device like a laptop or desktop can receive the data through a USB dongle. Very simple to set up.
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  LoRaWAN ― LoRaWAN, whichmeans Long Range Wide-area network, is a telecommunication protocol for low-speed communication, by radio, of objects with low power consumption communicating according to LoRa technology created in 2009 and connected to the Internet via gateways ― This protocol is used for smart cities and buildings, industrial monitoring and agricultural applications. ― Lora is part of the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies that allow long-range coverage while consuming low power. ― LoRaWAN network architecture typically has a star-of-stars topology in which the gateway acts as a bridge that relays messages between edge-devices and the central network server. ― Each edge device can connect to multiple gateways by using single-hop wireless communication.
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  SIGFOX ― Sigfox isa cellular style communication technology that provides low power, low data rate and low communication costs for Internet of Things and M2M applications. ― Sigfox employs Ultra-Narrow Band (UNB) technology, which enables very low transmitter power levels to be used while still being able to maintain a robust data connection, using unlicensed ISM radio bands. ― The network topology has been designed to provide a scalable, high-capacity network, with very low energy consumption, while maintaining a simple and easy to rollout star-based cell infrastructure. ― Narrow-Band IoT (NB-IoT) is a narrowband RF communication technology specially designed for the Internet of Things (IoT). It connects devices more simply and effciently on already established mobile networks, and handles small amounts of infrequent 2-way data, securely and reliably. The special focus of this standard is on very low power consumption, excellent penetration coverage and lower component costs, NB-IoT
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  ― CRAIG DILOUIELighting Controls Association, a Council of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) (2020) Introduction to Wireless Lighting Controls (Accessed-24th dec.2020) https://lightingcontrolsassociation.org/2018/03/23/introduction-to-wireless-lighting- controls/#:~:text=Wireless%20lighting%20control%20systems%20consist,which%20function%20similarly%20to% 20wireless https://intelilight.eu/worlds-first-lora-street-lighting-control-solution-released-flashnet/ https://enless-wireless.com/en/lora-range/ ― Wireless Lighting Control Technology (2017-2020), (Accessed-25th dec.2020) https://www.manufacturer.lighting/info/193/#:~:text=Wireless%20lighting%20control%20refers%20to,fixtures%20 using%20wireless%20communication%20technologies. https://www.safety.com/z-wave/ ― Emily Ferron (Oct-8,2020)- What is Z- wave(Accessed-25th dec.2020) ― Brian Sebele(June 22,2016)-Li-Fi: Lighting the Future of Wireless Networks (Accessed-26th dec.2020) https://www.sitepoint.com/li-fi-lighting-the-future-of-wireless-networks/ ― THREAD - What is thread (2020), (Accessed-26th dec.2020) https://www.threadgroup.org/BUILT-FOR-IOT/Home#threadinhome ― I-SCOOP What is NB LOT .Complete guide (July 2015), (Accessed-27th dec.2020) https://intelilight.eu/communications/intelilight-nb-iot-compatible-streetlighting-remote-management/ ― SIGFOX Intelligent light management (Accessed-27th dec.2020) https://intelilight.eu/communications/intelilight-sigfox-compatible-street-lighting-remote-management/ ― LoRaWAN based street lighting solutions (July 2015), (Accessed-27th dec.2020) REFERENCES
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  THANK YOU