Wireless Sensor Networks LEACH & EDEEC

Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor
Network Protocol: LEACH & EDEEC
Name Designation University/Address Phone Email
Yogesh kumar
Fulara
ME Student
(Electronics)
PEC University of Technology
Chandigarh
+91-9780900443 fularayogesh@gmail.
com
Dr. Deepak Bagai Prof. ECE Dept. PEC University of Technology
Chandigarh
+97-9872376347 dbagai@yahoo.com
Authors:
13 May 2015 Paper ID: ICCICT7047

Wireless Sensor Network
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is
A group of specialized transducers
With a communication interface
Intended to monitor and record condition at diverse location
Commonly monitored parameters are
Temperature, Humidity, pressure , wind direction and speed
Illumination, intensity, vibration intensity, sound intensity,
Power-line voltage, chemical concentrations, pollutant levels and vital body
function

Components of WSNs
The WSN consist of two main components:
1. Sensor Nodes, and
2. Base Station (Central Gateway).
From : Book “Ad Hoc and sensor networks” by Carlos de Morais Cordeiro.
Figure: 1

Sensor Node
Block Diagram Sensor node
Figure: 2

Characteristics of WSNs
Ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions
Ability to cope with node failure
Dynamic network topology
Communication failures
Limited power they can harvest or store
Heterogeneity of nodes
Large scale of deployment
Node capacity is scalable (only limited by bandwidth of gateway node)

Applications of WSNs
HEALTH CARE
MONITORING
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
SMART OFFICE AND
HOME/ OFFICE AND
INDUSTRIAL
ASSEMBLY LINES
GREENHOUSE
MONITORING
REAR LOCATION PARAMETER
MONITORING
AGRICULTURE
HABITAT
MONITORING
BUILDING,
BRIDGE ST.
MONITORING
SECURITYAND
SURVEILLANCE
DEFENSE
APPLICATION
APPLICATION
OF WSNS
Figure: 3

Objective
The main objective of this paper is to compare the performance of the LEACH
( Homogeneous) and EDEEC ( Heterogeneous) protocols for WSNs.
 Conserve and balance the energy consumption for WSNs.
 To find out the total data transmitted and received in the Networks using
LEACH and EDEEC protocols.

Network Model
ISO developed a network model consist five functional area:
Configuration Management
Fault Management
Security Management
Performance Management
Accounting Management

Configuration Management
Configuration Management entails initial set-up of the network devices and
continuous monitoring and controlling of these devices.
One key aspect of configuration management for WSNs is topology
management
Which consider how the nodes arranged in network.
Primary goal of topology management is to maintain network connectivity in an
energy-efficient manner.
◦ Three categories
◦ Topology Discovery
◦ Sleep Cycle Management
◦ Clustering

Clustering
Organizes the sensor nodes into
clusters
Each cluster is governed by a
cluster-head
Only heads send messages to a BS
Suitable for data fusion
Self-organizing
10From : Junping, H., Yuhui, J. and Liang, D.: `A Time-based Cluster-Head Selection Algorithm for LEACH', IEEE
Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2008. ISCC 2008, pp. 1172-1176.
Figure: 4

Types of clustering Algorithms
Homogeneous clustering Algorithms
The network which all sensor network have same amount of energy are called
Homogeneous Network.
HEED (Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed Clustering)
PEGASIS (Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System)
LEACH (low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)

Introduction to LEACH: Low-Energy
Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy
Self-Organizing, Adaptive clustering protocol
Randomized rotation of the high energy cluster head
Sensors elect themselves to chose a cluster head
Each node chooses its own cluster
Local data fusion at local BS –Compresses data to send, reduces transmit power
Within each clusters, nodes access the channel using TDMA (MAC)
Each local BS picks a CDMA code at random for communication inside the
cluster

LEACH Algorithm
Advertisement Phase:
Node n chooses a number between 0 and 1, if the number is less than the
threshold, then n becomes a cluster head
Notations: T(n) is the threshold number
P = the desired percentage of cluster heads
r = the current round
G is the set of nodes that have not been cluster-heads in the last 1/P rounds

LEACH Algorithm
1. Advertisement Phase
 Elected node broadcasts advertisement using CSMA-MAC protocol
All elected nodes transmit with same energy
Based on the received advertisement signal strength, the non-cluster-head node chooses
its cluster
The node chooses the cluster-head whose advertisement has the highest received power
Since the amount of transmit energy needed to communicate to this cluster head is
minimal

LEACH Algorithm
2. Cluster Set-Up Phase:
Each node informs the cluster-head
node about its choice
Each node uses CSMA-MAC
protocol to transmit this information
Cluster heads must keep receivers on
Figure: 5

LEACH Algorithm
Schedule Creation:
Cluster head creates a TDMA schedule based on the number of nodes in the cluster
The head broadcasts the schedule back to his nodes
Data Transmission:
Nodes send with minimal required energy to the local cluster head, and turn off their
radio when not sending
Local cluster heads receive data, compress it into a single signal
At the end of the round (decided upon before), Start from the beginning
To avoid interference between clusters, CDMA codes are picked at random by local
cluster heads and broadcasted to their cluster nodes

Heterogeneous clustering
The network which some of the sensor network have extra power as compared to
other nodes in the network are called Heterogeneous Network.
Regarding their power level, three types of Heterogeneous networks
Two, Three and Multi-Level Heterogeneous Networks.
SEP (Stable Election Protocol)
DEEC (Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering)
EDEEC (Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering)
DDEEC (Developed Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering)
EDDEEC (Enhanced Developed Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering)

Two Level Heterogeneous Network
𝐸 𝑇 = 𝑁 1 − 𝑚 𝐸0 + 𝑁𝑚 1 + 𝑎 𝐸0 = 𝑁𝐸0(1 + 𝑎𝑚)
Three Level Heterogeneous Network
𝐸 𝑇 = 𝑁 1 − 𝑚 𝐸0 + 𝑁𝑚 1 + 𝑎 (1 − 𝑚0)𝐸0+𝑁𝐸0 𝑚0 1 + 𝑏 =
𝑁𝐸0(1 + 𝑚(𝑎 + 𝑚0 𝑏))
Multi-Level Heterogeneous Network
𝐸 𝑇 = 𝑖=1
𝑁
𝐸0(1 + 𝑎𝑖) = 𝐸0(𝑁 + 𝑖=1
𝑁
𝑎𝑖)

EDEEC: Enhanced Distributed Energy
Efficient Clustering
Used for Heterogeneous wireless Sensor Networks
Uses same scheme for cluster head choice base on
Initial,
Remaining energy of the nodes,
Radio dissipation and
Average energy of the network .

EDEEC Algorithm
1. Advertisement Phase
2. Cluster Set-Up Phase
3. Schedule Creation:
4. Data Transmission:

Probability Of Nodes
Where
E(r) is the average energy at round r of the network,
Ei (r) is residual energy at round r, m is fraction between node heterogeneity,
Popt is the probability of optimum number of cluster head and
a, b is boost a power for advance and super nodes.

Assumptions of the Network
Simulation works
Sensor Nodes are uniformly randomly deployed in the network.
Sensor Nodes position is fixed.
There is one Base Station which is located at the centre of the sensing field.
Nodes always have the data to send to the base station.
Each nodes send 4000 bits of data during transmission.
Nodes are location-unaware, i.e. not equipped with GPS-capable antennae.
All nodes have similar capabilities in terms of processing and communication
and of equal significance.

NETWORK SIMULATION MODEL
1. Deployment of nodes
RANDOM DEPLOYMENT OF NODES
FOR LEACH
RANDOM DEPLOYMENT OF NODES
FOR EDEEC
Figure: 6 Figure: 7

2. Energy Distribution
Transmission Energy:
Receiving Energy:

3. Simulation Parameter
Parameter Value
Area(x, y) (100,100) m
Base station (x, y) (50, 50) m
Number of Nodes (N) 100
Probability (P) 0.1
Initial Energy 0.1J
Transmitter Energy 50 nJ/bit
Receiver Energy 50 nJ/bit
Free space Energy (amplifier) 10 nJ/bit/ m^2
Multipath Energy (Amplifier) 0.0013 pJ/bit/m^4
A Energy factor between Normal nodes and super Nodes 3
B (Energy factor between normal Nodes and advance Nodes) 2
Number of rounds 5000
Message size 4000 bits
M (fraction of Advance Nodes) 0.3
X (fraction of Super Nodes) 0.3
Table: 1

SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS
System lifetime.
Energy consumption
Total Data Transmission through networks

Lifetime of Network
Observation the first nodes dies for
◦ EDEEC : after 1276 rounds
◦ LEACH : after 1008 rounds.
We can also find out that all the nodes
are alive for large time than that of
LEACH protocol.
Which defines the life-life of the
networks.
Figure: 8

Energy Dissipation
Observation
◦ I found that the loss of nodes energy decrease
in EDEEC protocol with the slower rate than
that of LEACH protocols.
◦ This is because of in LEACH protocol Nodes
consumes large energy to transmitting and
receiving data than in EDEEC protocol.
◦ We can observed that EDEEC is more stable
protocol than LEACH protocol.
Figure: 9

Data Transmission
Observation
◦ In EDEEC the data transmitting and
receiving is greater than that of
LEACH protocol.
◦ We can observed from that EDEEC
has better network monitoring
quality than the LEACH algorithms.
Figure:10

Conclusion
Simulation results we can conclude that the characteristics of Heterogeneous
WSNs algorithms are better than the Homogeneous WSNs in term of the first
node dies and the number of packets sent to the base station.
Heterogeneous WSNs cluster-based protocols have the better ability to manage
the clusters and their member nodes and can better balance the energy
consumption of the nodes in the whole network than Homogeneous WSNs.

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Wireless Sensor Networks LEACH & EDEEC

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