Women and child welfare

WOMEN AND CHILD
DEVELOPMENT
A step towards all round development…

NEED FOR WOMEN & CHILD WELFARE
 The world depends on women for existence.
 Its necessary for children to be bought up in a
suitable environment for they are the future of the
nation.
 Over the time they have been the most suppressed
section of the society.

WOMEN- SOURCE OF EXISTENCE
 “Women”, the entire world is dependent on them
for its existence.
 Women who is called as jannani in Vedas means
the birth giver the mother of life all this sounds
great and these words used for her clearly depicts
that she is the one who is to be given the highest
respect in the society,
 but the truth lies somewhere really far from this
statement.

…CONT
 A Sanskrit phrase goes like, “ Yatra Nariyastu
Pujyante, Ramante tatra Devah”
 It means, where women are respected, gods reside
there, or good luck follows there.
 Some Important women:

Problems
Illiteracy
Poverty
Domestic
Violence
Female
Feticides
Improper
Sanitation
Child
Marriage
Security
Gender
Divide
Lack of
Health
Care
Child
Abuse
Shortage
of Food
Population
Ill
Practices
like- Dowry

WHAT HAS BEEN DONE
oThe empowerment of women is one of the central
issues in the process of development of countries all over
the world.
oThe Government of India had made Empowerment of
Women as one of the principal objectives of the Ninth
Five Year Plan (1997-2002) and also declared 2001 as
the year of ‘Women's Empowerment’.
o Also, Year 2003 was regarded as the Year of
Adolescent Girls’

POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES
 From the Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-78) onwards
has been a marked shift in the approach to
women’s issues from welfare to development.
 The National Commission for Women was set up
by an Act of Parliament in 1990 to safeguard the
rights and legal entitlements of women.
 The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1993) to the
Constitution of India have provided for reservation
of seats in the local bodies of Panchayats and
Municipalities for women.
 National Policy for the Empowerment of Women
was formulated 2001.

…CONTD
 This policy aims at: Gender equality, Gender
justice, Social security, Elimination of discrimination
against women in all walks of life, Economic
development and integration of women into main stream
of economy.
 Women Health Volunteers (Accredited Social Health
Activitist (ASHA): started during 2005-06 with an
objective of providing health services in rural sector.
 Girl Child Protection Scheme (GCPS): launched in
2005 by Child Welfare and Disabled Welfare (JJ)
Department.

…CONTD
 State oriented policies like, in Delhi, by the
Department of Women and Child Development:
 LADLI SCHEME (2008)
 STREE SHAKTI AND GENDER RESOURCE
CENTRES (2003)
 BALIKA SMRIDHI YOJNA (2001)
 SCHEME OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO
WIDOWS ( PENSION TO WIDOWS ) (2000)
 WORKING WOMEN HOSTELS (since 1999)
 PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE ACT (2005)

ROLE OF NGO’S
 Alarippu
Works on awareness generation, education and training, health and
nutrition among women and youth
 Jagori
A resource centre focussing on women's issues: violence against
women, alternative health systems, sexual
violence, communication, trafficking of women and children
 Sahara
Runs a care home for HIV+ women
 UNIFEM
The UN's development fund for women; provides financial and technical
assistance to innovative programmes and strategies that promote women's
human rights, political participation and economic security.
 Naz Foundation (India) Trust
Has programmes on women's sexual health, clinical intervention (to control
STDs and bring about behaviour change to check the spread of
HIV), research and a care home
 Institute of Social Studies Trust (ISST)
Conducts research and action programmes to promote social justice and
equity for the under-privileged with a focus on women

WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE
Evolving all round development strategies.

…CONTD
 Legal-judicial system should be made more
responsive and gender sensitive to women’s
needs, especially in cases of domestic violence and
personal assault.
 New laws should be enacted and existing laws
reviewed to ensure that justice is quick and apt
punishment is given.
 Mainstreaming of Gender Perspective in the
Development Process.
 Social Empowerment of Women .
 Need of psychological reforms of the people’s
general mind set.
 Awareness among people about their rights.

CHILDREN
…world's most valuable resource

CHILDREN- CITIZENS OF TOMORROW
 Children are considered to be important assets for
a country’s future. In India, a child is born in every
one second.
 In our country, a large number of children below the
age of 6 live in economically and socially deprived
environment which hinders their physical and
mental development.
 Poverty, poor sanitation, malnutrition and under
nutrition, diseases and infections, lack of primary
health care, limited access to primary education are
some of the main factors which affect the children
in India.

 Nutritious foods along with educational and
recreational facilities are basic child rights.
 A significant number of new born infants are
abandoned every year due to socio-economic
reasons.
 More than 12 million children below the age of 14
years are working as child labours in hazardous
occupations. These include matchstick
industry, firework industry, diamond kilns etc.
 Government of India in August 1947 proclaimed a
national policy on children declaring children as
“supremely important assets”.

NEED FOR CHILD WELFARE
 Lack of nation-wide uniform practices in child welfare
 A need for a more child-oriented approach in child
welfare
 Practical operators
 Social work researchers
 New Child Welfare Act commenced on 1
 January 2008- aims at early support, preventive
work, child-oriented method, systematic working
approach, uniform decision-making, increased
cooperation between authorities.

CHILD PROTECTION
 Set of usually government-run services designed to
protect children and young people who encourage
family stability.
 These typically include foster care, adoption
services, services aimed at supporting at-risk families so
they can remain intact, and investigation of alleged child
abuse.
 Most children who come to the attention of the child
welfare system do so because of any of the following
situations, which are often collectively termed child
abuse:
 Child sexual abuse
 Neglect including the failure to take adequate measures
to safeguard a child from harm and/or gross negligence
in providing for a child's basic needs:
 Physical abuse
 Psychological abuse

POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES
 Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
 The first ICDS project was launched in India with 33
Project in all over the country on 2nd October 1975.
 Setting up of Aanganwadi centers.
 JUVENILE JUSTICE (CARE AND PROTECTION OF
CHILDREN) ACT 2000
 SETTING UP OF JUVENILE SHELTER HOMES.
 State Commission for protection of Child rights.
 FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE SCHEMES
 Girl Child Protection Scheme

…CONTD
 National Crèche Fund (1994)
 National Charter for Children (2004)
 National Plan of Action for Children (2005)
 There are specific clauses in the Indian
constitution regarding children:
 ( Article 24) No child below the age of 14 years shall be
employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in
any other hazardous employment.
 (Article 45) Provision for free and compulsory
education for children.
 (Article 23) Right to being protected from being
trafficked and forced into bonded labor.

…CONTD
 (Article 39) State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards
securing:
 (a) that the citizen, men and women equally, have the right to an
adequate means of livelihood
 (b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of
the community are so distributed as best to sub serve the
common good
 (c) that the operation of the economic system does not result in
the concentration of wealth and means of production to the
common detriment
 (d) that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and
women
 (e) that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and
the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are
not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to
their age or strength
 (f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in
a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and
that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and
against moral and material abandonment.

o Since 2006, earlier - The Department of Women and
Child Development.
o The major policy initiatives undertaken by the Ministry
in the recent past include nationalism of ICDS (The
Integrated Child Development Services) and Kishori
Shakti Yojana, launching a nutrition programme for
adolescent girls, establishment of the Commission for
protection of Child Rights and enactment of Protection
of Women from Domestic Violence Act.
o The Ministry has 6 autonomous organizations:

…CONTD
 Central Adoption
Resource
Authority (CARA)
 Central Social
Welfare Board
(CSWB)
o Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK)
o National
Commission
for Protection
of Child
Rights
(NCPCR)

LAST NOTE
 It would be wrong to say that there are no steps being
taken, but the effect due with them is gradual.
 In our country, women constitute 48.5% of the
population, with the sex ratio of 940 women per 1000
males. (census 2011)
 But there is lot to be done.
 Among the crimes committed against women in
2006, the crimes of torture and molestation together
constitute 60.53%.
 As per NFHS-3, (2005-06), at all India level, 52.5% of
currently married women participate in household
decisions.

…CONTD
 Till 2007, women members constitute only 9.07% of the
National Parliament.
 There prevail practices like- Devdasi, dowry, child
marriage, child labor etc which still exist even after
various laws made to curb them.
 Moreover there is a need for social reforms, the general
mind set of the people has to be changed to bring
about a relevant change.

PRESENTATION BY:
Nitika Saini
Shivani Gupta
Vani Pande

Women and child welfare

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