Work, life & leisure part 2

Work, life & leisure part 2

• 1.
  MADATSST & MUKUND INGLE PRESENT
• 2.
  Mr. Mukund B.Ingle
• 3.
   Group ofseven islands under Portuguese  As King Charles II got married with Portuguese Princess, it was gifted to British.  British King gave it to East India Company.
• 4.
   Port centre Opium and Cotton trading  Administrative place  Textile industries
• 5.
   Average perperson area was less and density per house was 20.  City was not properly planned compare to London  City was divided into two part ▪ Native Town – most of the Indian people stay there ▪ White Town – all British people stay there  Rapid and unplanned expansion led to land and water shortage  Rich people were staying into sprawling and spacious bungalows  70 percent of the population was staying in thickly populated ‘Chawls’
• 6.
  ▪ Chawls weremulti-storied structures having one room and no toilet ▪ Owned by private landlords, money lenders, merchants, bankers and building contractors ▪ Windows to be closed due to humidity, gutters and cattle stables ▪ High rents forced people to live more ion one rooms ▪ Water was scare and people could be seen fighting with each other
• 7.
  ▪ As roomswere too small, streets and open area were used for various purposes like ‘akharas’, and various leisure activities ▪ It was also the place of sharing news about jobs, politics, riots or demonstrations ▪ ‘Jobber’ had very vital position in the chawls as he was solving the disputes, organized food supply and provided credit to the people ▪ Lower caste people found difficulties in gaining houses in the Chawls
• 8.
   Fear ofplague forced Mumbai administration to town planning.  The City of Bombay Improvement Trust was established in 1898  It focused more on cleaning poor houses  Rent Act was passed in 1918 to control the prices of rent but that created houses crises as landlords withdrew houses from the market
• 9.
  ▪ Sea wall– ▪ This project started by the governor of Bombay Mr. William Hornby to protect low laying area from flood during high tides ▪ Leveling of Hills – ▪ Many private and government companies claimed the land by this process ▪ Pushing sea water inside – ▪ Sea was pushed inside by pouring rocks and other material in it. Marine drive is one of the example of this land reclamation program
• 10.
  ▪ Bombay iscalled ‘Mayapuri’ due to cinema industry ▪ First scene of wrestling match was shoot by Harishchandra Sakharam Bhatwadekar ▪ First movie “ Raja Harishchandra” was made by Dada Saheb Phalke in 1913 ▪ By 1925, Bombay became the film capital of the country ▪ Many people from different corners of the country started migrating to Bombay to make their career in cinema ▪ So, many movies were made on the life of migrants
• 11.
   ENGLAND – The widespread use of coal in homes and industries in nineteenth century England raised serious problems.  People used to joked that skies are grey and vegetables are black.  Shopkeepers and others used to complain about the black fog.  People wanted that through legislation air should be cleaned.  I didn’t work as factory owners were not interested to change their old machines.  Still some managed with small adjustments.  Smoke Amendment Acts of 1847 and 1853 did not work.
• 12.
   CULCUTTA – The city built on marshy land, resulting fog combined with smoke to generate thick black smog  The main pollutants were the industries and railways  The coal brought from Raniganj had high content level of ash, created more pollution  In 1920, the rice mills of Tollygunge began to burn rice husk instead of coal.  Calcutta became the first city to get first smoke nuisance legislation  The inspectors of the Bengal Smoke Nuisance Commission finally managed to control industrial smoke. Controlling domestic smoke, however, was far more difficult.
• 13.
   PARIS  In1852, Louis Napoleon III gave order for the massive rebuilding of Paris  The chief architect of the new Paris was Baron Haussmann, the Prefect of the Seine.  The poor were evicted from the centre of Paris to reduce the possibility of political rebellion and to beautify the city.  For 17 years after 1852, Haussmann rebuilt Paris. Straight, broad avenues or boulevards and open spaces were designed, and full-grown trees transplanted.  Public works on this scale employed a large number of people  Some of the wealthier inhabitants of Paris thought that the city had been monstrously transformed.  The outcry against Haussmann’s Paris soon got converted into civic pride as the new capital became the toast of all Europe.  Paris became the hub of many new architectural, social and intellectual developments
• 14.
   SINGAPORE  Until1965, Singapore, though an important port, shared all the problems of other Asian cities.  All this changed after the city became an independent nation in 1965 under the leadership of Lee Kuan Yew, President of the People’s Action Party.  A massive housing and development program was undertaken and it completely altered the face of the island nation.  The government itself won popular support by providing nearly 85 per cent of the population with ownership housing of good quality.  The tall housing blocks, which were well ventilated and serviced, were examples of good physical planning.  Migration into the city was strictly controlled.  Social relations between the three major groups of people (the Chinese, the Malays and the Indians) were also monitored to prevent racial conflict.