World History Ch. 1 Section 2 Notes

World History Ch. 1 Section 2 Notes

• 1.
  The Beginnings ofCivilization Section 2 Preview • Main Idea / Reading Focus • The New Stone Age • Development of Agriculture • Map: Growth of Agriculture • Agriculture Changes Society The Beginning of Agriculture
• 2.
  The Beginnings ofCivilization Section 2 Reading Focus • What new tools and technologies did early humans develop during the New Stone Age? • How did early agriculture develop and spread? • In what ways did the development of agriculture change Stone Age society? Main Idea 1. The development of agriculture was a major turning point in human history and significantly changed the way in which many people lived. The Beginning of Agriculture
• 3.
  The Beginnings ofCivilization Section 2 As prehistoric people developed more sophisticated tools, the Paleolithic Era gave way to the Neolithic Era. • Stones chipped to make points • Wood and bone tools • Nets from plant fibers and animal sinew Paleolithic Tools • Polished stones to make points • More specialized tools: – chisels – drills – saws Neolithic Tools The New Stone Age
• 4.
  The Beginnings ofCivilization Section 2 Contrast How did toolmaking in the New Stone Age differ from toolmaking in the Old Stone Age? Answer(s): Old Stone Age—chipped stones to produce sharp edges; New Stone Age—polished and ground stones to shape tools
• 5.
  The Beginnings ofCivilization Section 2 2. The development of agriculture, about 10,000 years ago, radically changed how people lived. This shift to farming is referred to as the Neolithic Revolution. • End of Ice Age • New plants • New food source • People learned to farm • Domestication • Larger food supply Plants • Domesticating animals • Careful selection and breeding • 10,000 BC – dogs • Larger and more stable supply of meat, milk, skins, wool Animals • Available plants, domesticated animals • Spread to regions: – Asia: rice – Africa: cattle – Mexico: corn – South America: potatoes Growth of Agriculture Development of Agriculture
• 6.
  The Beginnings ofCivilization Section 2
• 7.
  The Beginnings ofCivilization Section 2 Identify Cause and Effect How did people benefit from farming and the domestication of plants and animals? Answer(s): more reliable food supply; people could pool labor and resources
• 8.
  The Beginnings ofCivilization Section 2 • As people began to make items from bronze, the Stone Age gave way to the Bronze Age, which began as early as 3000 BC in some areas. • 3. Agriculture dramatically changed Stone Age societies by providing a larger and more reliable food supply. Some people began to live as nomadic pastoralists. Others gave up the nomadic lifestyle and formed settlements, pooling their resources. • Small settlements • Villages and towns • Increase in trade • Societies became more complex • Social status, authority • Religion, megaliths • Warfare, disease increased Early Farming Societies Agriculture Changes Society • New tools and methods • Animals working in fields • Grindstones, pestles, pottery • Wool from sheep for yarn • Spinning and weaving • Copper, bronze, tin New Technologies
• 9.
  The Beginnings ofCivilization Section 2 Çatal Hüyuk A Neolithic settlement in what is now Turkey • Largest Neolithic site found – Home to 5,000–6,000 people in 6000 BC – Covered more than 30 acres – People raised barley, wheat, sheep, goats • Houses – One main room with areas for sleeping and domestic tasks like cooking – Religious shrines
• 10.
  The Beginnings ofCivilization Section 2 Discoveries added to our knowledge of Neolithic societies • 1991- hikers discover frozen male body • Scientific tests performed • 5,300 years old, from Neolithic Era Scientists’ theories • Diet included coarse grains • Did not live in location where found • Might have been murdered Ötzi and belongings well preserved • Clothes: three types of animal skins stitched together • Leather shoes, woven grass cape, fur hat, backpack • Quiver with arrows, dagger, ax with copper blade Ötzi the Iceman
• 11.
  The Beginnings ofCivilization Section 2 Summarize How did the development of agriculture affect Neolithic societies? Answer(s): revolutionary changes; men and women assumed different roles; led to towns, government, religion, trade