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World History Unit4 Byzantium And Islam
The document summarizes the rise and expansion of Byzantium and Islam in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. It details how Constantine established the Byzantine Empire with himself as absolute ruler, and how the empire continued Roman authority and centered its commerce in Constantinople. It also explains how Islam originated from the teachings of Muhammad and then rapidly expanded across North Africa, the Middle East, and into Europe and Asia within 100 years through both military conquest and trade.
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World History Unit4 Byzantium And Islam
- 1. Rome’s Successors inEastern Europe and the Middle East: Byzantium Islam
- 2. Byzantium and theExpansion of Islam
- 3. The Byzantine Empire Framework Established by Constantine The Emperor Held absolute civil power Wanted control of the religious institutions as well Caesaro-papism Continuation of Roman Authority Commerce centered at Constantinople Great Schism of 1054 splits the Christian Church into Orthodox and Catholic
- 4. Hagia Sophia Churchin Constantinople (Istanbul) – construction started in the 6 th century – largest church in Christendom for over 1000 years
- 5. Russian and UkrainianPatriarchs today
- 6. Byzantium and theSlavs Cyrillic Alphabet Trade relations Moscow absorbs Roman Culture Christianity flows north Art and Architecture (Russian architecture is often centered around the “onion domes”, similar to those found in the Middle East)
- 7. Cyrillic Alphabet (RussianVersion)
- 8. ISLAM SUBMISSIONTO ALLAH
- 9. The Rise ofIslam Muhammad (570-632) Caravan trader living in Mecca First teachings of the Koran revealed, 610 Flees with followers to Medina, 622 The hejira Mecca conquered in the first Jihad (632) Koran – the Islamic holy book
- 10. One god, Allahand Mohammad is the Prophet Prayer – 5X/day facing Mecca Alms to the poor Fasting during Ramadan The Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca The Five Pillars (obligatory duties)
- 11. The Kaba inMecca
- 12. Map of theSpread of Islam
- 13. Expansion of Islam(West) Largely through military conquest Jihad (holy war) Within 100 years, Muslims conquer territory from Holy Land to the Iberian Peninsula Displays weakness of Byzantine Empire Stopped in the West at the Battle of Tours (732) The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem To the West (North Africa and Europe)
- 14. Expansion of Islam(East) Largely through trade Attraction as a religion of salvation Arab traders control trade throughout the Indian Ocean Largest Islamic country is Indonesia India is 25% Muslim Spices and tea trade will be important for later units TheTaj Mahal To the East (Asia and India)
- 15. Expansion of Islam(Africa) Attraction as a religion of salvation Berber traders cross the Sahara Desert Timbuktu in Mali becomes a center of Islamic learning with a great library Islamic proverb states that "Salt comes from the north, gold from the south, but the word of God and the treasures of wisdom come from Timbuktu.“ Mosque in Timbuktu
- 16. Map of theSpread of Islam to Africa
- 17. Draws on Greek,Persian, and Indian sources Mathematics, astronomy and medicine Idea that learning is a gift from Allah Algebra, the Zero and Surgery Developed the first hospitals where the sick could be treated by professionals Advances become important components of later western culture, although it will take Christian loses in the Crusades to bring many Arab cultural ideas to Europe Islamic Science and Medicine
- 18.