Y8 Humans 13 two types of immunity

Y8 Humans 13 two types of immunity

• 1.
  2 Types ofImmunity Learning Objectives : Explain the difference between active and passive immunity
• 2.
  White blood cells- recap Engulf Antibodies Break cell wall Antitoxins
• 3.
  Antibodies Antibodies attachthemselves to the markers ( antigens ) on the bacteria.
• 4.
  Antibodies The antibodieshave to be the right shape to match the antigens .
• 5.
  Antibodies The antibodieshave to be the right shape to match the antigens .
• 6.
  Antibodies Your bodyonly knows what shape to make the antibodies after you have caught the disease and become ill.
• 7.
  Match the antibodyto the microbe a b d c 1 2 3 4
• 8.
  Definition Immune: Not being able to catch a particular disease because you have antibodies in your blood to fight it.
• 9.
  Definition Vaccine: a dead or weakened version of a disease. Your body can make antibodies without becoming infected.
• 10.
  Vaccination Use thesewords to explain how a vaccine works Inject dead/weakened antibodies White blood cells microbe vaccine
• 11.
  Fighting disease NATURALIMMUNITY This is when antibodies are produced by a person when needed or they are passed on by the mother during pregnancy. ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY Can be done in two ways: A vaccine with dead microbes is injected – the body is “tricked” into producing antibodies ready for the real thing. This is called PASSIVE IMMUNISATION The antibodies are injected directly into the body – this is called ACTIVE IMMUNISATION.
• 12.
  Acquired Immunity Artificiallyacquired Naturally acquired Active Active Passive Passive Antigens enter body naturally Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced Antibodies pass from mother to foetus Infant does not produce any antibodies of its own Antigens are introduced in vaccines Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced Antibodies are introduced in an immune serum Body does not produce any antibodies of its own
• 13.
  L ive attenuated (weakened) M ade from live virus A ltered to be less harmful O ral polio, MMR and BCG , yellow fever and one form of typhoid vaccine Whole-agent vaccine Inactivated (killed) Inactivated micro-organism E.g. Rabies, most influenza vaccines Contains whole, non-virulent micro-organisms
• 14.
  Different defence mechanisms
• 15.
  Transmission of microbes
• 16.
  Disease defence -what’s the order?
• 17.
   
• 18.
  2 Types ofImmunity Learning Objectives : Explain the difference between active and passive immunity