Life Science Chapter 2 The Cell
- 1. Chapter 2 The Cell
- 2. 2-1 Cells: The Units of Life
- 3. The Microscope: A Tool Q: Why do scientists need to use microscopes? A: Cells are small
- 4. Before…
- 5. Compound Microscope Combines the power of 2 lenses to enlarge the image and blend light toward your eye
- 6. Eye piece lens X objective lens 10x X 4x Low power 10x X 10x Medium Power 10x X 40x High Power = 40x = 100x = 400x
- 7. Eyepiece or ocular lens Lens closest to the eye
- 8. Objective Lens Lens closest to the specimen or object
- 9. Nosepiece Objectives fastened to this revolving structure
- 10. Stage Where you place your slide
- 11. Stage clips Hold slide in place
- 12. Body Tube Light travels through here
- 13. Light Source Provides light
- 14. Diaphragm Regulates the light reaching the objective lens
- 15. Base Supports the microscope
- 16. Arm Holds the body tube, acts as a handle
- 17. Coarse focusing knob Used to focus under low power only
- 18. Fine focusing knob Used to focus under high power only
- 19. A microscope reverses and inverts the image of an object seen under it e e Before viewing under the microscope While viewing under the microscope
- 20. Things moving under a microscope are actually moving in the opposite direction
- 21. Things moving under a microscope are actually moving in the opposite direction
- 22. Stereoscopic light microscope Give you 3D view of an object Used to look at thick things light can’t pass through
- 23. Electron Microscopes Can magnify things more than 300,000 times
- 24. Transmission electron microscope Used to study parts inside a cell
- 27. Scanning Electron Microscope Used to see the surfaces of whole objects
- 33. Cell Theory All organisms are made up of one or more cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms All cells come from cells that already exist
- 35. Living cells are dynamic and have several things in common Membrane Cytoplasm (gel-like material) Nucleus (control center)
- 36. There are 2 basic types of cells Prokaryotic – no nucleus Eukaryotic – has a nucleus
- 37. Cell Membrane Structure that forms the outer boundary of the cell and allows only certain materials to move in and out of the cell
- 39. Features of the cell membrane Flexible Double layer of fats with some proteins scattered throughout
- 40. Cytoplasm Gel-like material inside the cell membrane
- 41. Organelles Structures within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
- 42. Nucleus Structure that directs all the activities of the cell Contains the DNA
- 44. Chromatin Made up of protein and DNA (genetic blue print)
- 45. Endoplasmic Reticulum Folded membrane that moves materials around in the cell Some have ribosomes on them, some don’t
- 47. Ribosomes Make proteins Some found on ER Others in cytoplasm
- 48. Golgi Bodies The packaging and secreting organelles of the cell
- 50. Mitochondria Where food molecules are broken down and energy is released
- 52. Lysosomes Digests wastes and worn out cell parts
- 53. Vacuoles Storage areas, store water, food, wastes Small in animals and large in plants
- 54. Cell Wall Rigid structure outside the cell membrane that supports and protects the plant cell
- 55. Chloroplasts Organelles where light energy is changed into chemical energy in the form of a sugar called glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )
- 57. Chlorophyll Chemical in chloroplasts that traps light energy – reflects green light
- 59. Bacterial Cells Prokaryotic Don’t have membrane – bound organelles
- 60. Features of bacterial cells Cell wall and cytoplasm Single chromosome No nuclei Ribosomes
- 62. Nerve Cell Send impulses through your body
- 63. Red Blood Cells Can change shape Flexible Move through the duct work of your blood vessels
- 64. Plant Vessel Cell Transports water and minerals throughout the cell
- 65. Tissues Groups of similar cells that do similar things Ex.) smooth muscle tissue
- 66. Organ A structure made up of different types of tissues that work together Ex.) stomach
- 67. Organ System A group of organs working together to do a certain job Ex.) digestive system