When it comes to operator overloading in C++, there are 3 basic rules you should follow. like all such rules, there are so exceptions. These 3 rules are −1.  Whenever the meaning of an operator is not obviously clear and undisputed, it should not be overloaded. Instead, provide a function with a well-chosen name. Basically, the first and foremost rule for overloading operators, at its very heart, says:Don’t do it.That might seem strange, but there are only a few cases where operator overloading is appropriate. The reason is, it is hard to understand the semantics behind the application of an ... Read More

std::cerr is an object of class ostream that represents the standard error stream oriented to narrow characters (of type char). It corresponds to the C stream stderr. The standard error stream is a destination of characters determined by the environment. This destination may be shared by more than one standard object (such as cout or clog).As an object of class ostream, characters can be written to it either as formatted data using the insertion operator (operator

std::cin is an object of class istream that represents the standard input stream oriented to narrow characters (of type char). It corresponds to the C stream stdin. The standard input stream is a source of characters determined by the environment. It is generally assumed to be input from an external source, such as the keyboard or a file.As an object of class istream, characters can be retrieved either as formatted data using the extraction operator (operator>>) or as unformatted data, using member functions such as read. The object is declared in header with external linkage and static duration: it ... Read More

There is no such operator in C++. Sometimes, we need to create wrapper types. For example, types like unique_ptr, shared_ptr, optional and similar. Usually, these types have an accessor member function called .get but they also provide the operator→ to support direct access to the contained value similarly to what ordinary pointers do.The problem is that sometimes we have a few of these types nested into each other. This means that we need to call .get multiple times or to have a lot of dereference operators until we reach the value.Something like this −wrapper wp; wp.get().get().length(); wp.get()->length();This can be a ... Read More

std::cout is an object of class ostream that represents the standard output stream oriented to narrow characters (of type char). It corresponds to the C stream stdout. The standard output stream is the default destination of characters determined by the environment. This destination may be shared with more standard objects (such as cerr or clog).As an object of class ostream, characters can be written to it either as formatted data using the insertion operator (operator

Standard Library header files are the predefined files in C++, which are part of the built-in library. It consists of declarations for functions, classes, objects, and macros. These header files give you access to perform various operations like input/output, string manipulation, containers, algorithms, math operations, and many more. Here is the following list of all the types of libraries under the standard Library Header Files. Utilities library Dynamic memory management Numeric limits Error handling String library ... Read More

C++ provides two pointer operators, which are Address of Operator (&) and Indirection Operator (*). A pointer is a variable that contains the address of another variable or you can say that a variable that contains the address of another variable is said to "point to" the other variable. A variable can be any data type including an object, structure or again pointer itself.The indirection Operator (*), and it is the complement of &. It is a unary operator that returns the value of the variable located at the address specified by its operand. For example, Example#include using namespace ... Read More

C++ provides two pointer operators, which are Address of Operator (&) and Indirection Operator (*). A pointer is a variable that contains the address of another variable or you can say that a variable that contains the address of another variable is said to "point to" the other variable. A variable can be any data type including an object, structure or again pointer itself.The address of Operator (&), and it is the complement of *. It is a unary operator that returns the address of the variable(r-value) specified by its operand. For example, Example#include using namespace std; int main ... Read More

The array operator provides the direct access to array elements using their index. What is Array Operator in C++? The arrow operator in C++ is also known as the member access operator, which is used to access a member of a class, structure, or union with the help of a pointer to an object. The arrow operator allows you to directly access the member, unlike the dot operator, which first dereferences the pointer and then uses the dot operator to access it. So instead of using (*pointer).member, you can directly use pointer->member. Syntax Here is the syntax to access array ... Read More

The dot operator (.) in C++ is a member access operator, which is used to access the members (variables and functions) of a class, structure, and union through an object. It allows you to access and manipulate the properties of an object's data members and member functions. The dot (.) operator is used for various purposes. Here is the following list of its uses. Accessing Data Members Calling Member Functions Working with nested structures /Objects Chained Function Calls ... Read More