CountDownLatch 闭锁

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-09 21:56:55 发布

yichudu

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-09 21:56:55 发布

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本文介绍了 Java 并发库中 CountDownLatch 类的使用方法，并通过一个赛跑模拟示例详细展示了如何利用 CountDownLatch 来同步多线程之间的操作。

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1.简述

从名字可以看出，CountDownLatch是一个倒数计数的锁，当倒数到0时触发事件，也就是开锁，其他人就可以进入了。

2.相关类

java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch

类。

java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch.CountDownLatch(int count)

构造函数，设置计数器的初始值。

void java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch.countDown()

每调用一次该方法，计数器减1。

void java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch.await()

当前线程被阻塞，直到计数为0.

3.示例代码

package com.yichudu;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/*
下面的例子简单的说明了CountDownLatch的使用方法，模拟了100米赛跑，10名选手已经准备就绪，只等裁判一声令下。当所有人都到达终点时，比赛结束。
*/
public class CountDownLatchDemo {

	private static final int PLAY_AMOUNT = 10;

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		/*
		 * 比赛开始：只要裁判说开始，那么所有跑步选手就可以开始跑了
		 */
		CountDownLatch begin = new CountDownLatch(1);

		/*
		 * 每个队员跑到末尾时，则报告一个到达，所有人员都到达时，则比赛结束
		 */
		CountDownLatch end = new CountDownLatch(PLAY_AMOUNT);
		Player[] plays = new Player[PLAY_AMOUNT];
		for (int i = 0; i < PLAY_AMOUNT; i++) {
			plays[i] = new Player(i + 1, begin, end);
		}
		ExecutorService exe = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(PLAY_AMOUNT);
		for (Player p : plays) {// 各就各位
			exe.execute(p);
		}
		System.out.println("比赛开始");
		begin.countDown();// 宣布开始
		try {
			end.await();// 等待结束
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			System.out.println("比赛结束");
		}

		// 注意：此时main线程已经要结束了，但是exe线程如果不关闭是不会结束的
		exe.shutdown();
	}

}

class Player implements Runnable {
	private int id;
	private CountDownLatch begin;
	private CountDownLatch end;

	public Player(int id, CountDownLatch begin, CountDownLatch end) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.begin = begin;
		this.end = end;
	}

	public void run() {
		try {
			begin.await();// 必须等到裁判countdown到0的时候才开始
			Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 100));// 模拟跑步需要的时间
			System.out.println("Play " + id + " has arrived. ");

		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			end.countDown();// 向评委报告跑到终点了
		}
	}
}
/*
比赛开始
Play 3 has arrived. 
Play 4 has arrived. 
Play 5 has arrived. 
Play 6 has arrived. 
Play 1 has arrived. 
Play 10 has arrived. 
Play 8 has arrived. 
Play 9 has arrived. 
Play 2 has arrived. 
Play 7 has arrived. 
比赛结束
*/