摘 要
根据设计任务要求,进行年产50万吨高线车间设计。设计参考众多国内外先进的线材生产厂,由任务书产量要求,选择高速线材生产方式。
设计内容包括建厂经济依据、产品大纲分配、原料选择、出口速度选择、道次选择、轧机比较及选择、孔型系统设计、速度计算、温降计算、力能计算、轧辊校核、加热炉等辅助设备选择等。
为保证高速下顺利轧制,全线为平立交替布置,轧件无扭运行,尽可能减少事故隐患。粗中轧机采用高刚度二辊短应力线轧机,预精轧机前两架短应力线轧机,后四架采用悬臂式轧机,这样可以安装高硬度耐磨碳化钨辊环,延长轧辊孔型寿命,保证最终产品精度。精轧机组采用8架方案,皆为超重V型悬臂成组传动轧机,出口安装4架减定径机,保证轧制速度高并且尺寸精确稳定。
车间工艺与设备选择能够高精度生产Φ6高线。
关键词 硬线;短应线轧机;平立交替;超重V型无扭轧机;控制冷却
Abstract
This task is to design workshop that can produce 300 Kt hard wire. Re-ferring to a number of domestic and international advanced hard wire work-shops and according to the task requirement,the high speed produce pattern is chosen.
In this paper, the following aspests are referred, such as the economic accordance, the distribution of output, the material choose, rolling speedat exit choose, the number of passes,the mill comparision and choose, pass system design, rolling velocity computing, the temperature and mechnical computing, the strengthen of roller test, Stelmor air cooling tables choo-se,etc.
In order to successfully rolling hare wire at high speed, all mill on the produce line set horrizontal and vertical looper. In the rolling pro-cess, the rolling piece has no twist , thus, the hidden accident can be reduced.
Rough and middle mill are heavy-rigidly two-roller short stress thread stands, as to pre-finishing mill group, the former two stands are short stress thread , the later four stands are cantilever, which are able to install high hardness and wearlessness roll collar made from WC so that the life of roller pass can be longer, therefor, the precision of produc-tion can be satisfied. The finishing mill group adopt 10 stands, which all are over weight V-type no twist cantilever mill and used entire group driving. At the exit of finishing mill group, the two sizing diameter stands are equipped to ensure higher rolling speed and the stable size pr-ecision.
The rolling technology is laid down and equipment are selected so that high precision Φ6.5 high wire can be produced.
Keywords hard wire; short stess thread; horizontal and vertical looper,
over weight V-type; no twist cantilever mill; controll coolling
目 录
引 言
线材是成卷交货的细长钢材,除部分直接用于金属制品、建筑用材以外,大部分是用于拉拔的原料,要求直径较小,物理性能均匀,金相组织尽可能索氏体化。
线材特点是断面小、散热快,而用户需要长度大的盘卷。增大坯料断面,减少线径,则线材轧制道次越来越多。增大盘重则造成轧制时间加长。过去采用横列轧机只能生产100公斤盘重,Φ6.5线材的尺寸公差达到0.5mm,索氏体化很少。上世纪70年代我国曾大力发展4线复二重横列轧机,最高出口速度为16m/s。复二重横列轧机使用廉价交流电机,但盘重仍然很小,成材率仅80%左右。同期,国外发展单线高速轧制,给线材轧制技术带来突破。生产线全线为平立交替布置,轧件无扭运行,尽可能减少了事故隐患。精轧为减少动态速降,采用成组传动的紧凑悬臂轧机,为高速下顺利轧制带来保证。为解决高速线材冷却均匀问题,出现了吐丝机和散卷风冷线,大大改进了冷却效果。
目前,高线生产的最高出口速度达到150m/s,成材率达到98%。而且,随着生产技术的提高,高线所用的轧机刚度不断提高,Φ6.5尺寸精度从±0.4达到±0.1。
我国是世界上最大的线材生产国,年产量占世界生产总量三分之一以上,线材也是我国第二大钢材生产品种,在国内钢铁产量的比重一直较高。2007年国内线材产量占我国钢材总产量比例的14.2%。从线材进出口情况看,长期以来一直是我国主要钢材出口品种。
但由于资金及认识的滞后,我国仅有为数不多的几家线材厂能生产出高档次的线材产品,因此我国有时还需要从国外进口少量帘线钢丝、钢绞线、镀锌钢丝等硬线产品。
尤其为能顺利生产硬线,轧机能力不断加大,这对实现低温轧制,各种控轧控冷工艺都是必要的。
从磨损角度看,线材轧制公里数长,轧槽磨损大,容易出现堆拉钢事故。因而,精轧机组最先采用碳化钨硬质辊环轧辊。最近,人们又把预精轧后四架布置成安装碳化钨辊环的悬臂轧机,收到良好的效果。
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