MCU8.C51的一些知识补充

zhangcoder

于 2024-10-05 23:15:12 发布

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分类专栏： 51单片机开发文章标签：嵌入式硬件 51单片机单片机嵌入式开发 C51

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由于绝大部分的C语言知识已在C语言学习笔记专栏点我跳转讲过,本文补充一些没有提到过的(C51标准)

1.C51扩充数据类型

sfr:特殊功能寄存器(special function register)

sbit:是特殊功能寄存器(sfr)中的一个位的地址,用于直接定义和访问单个引脚的状态

sfr16:16位特殊功能寄存器(special function register 16bit)

注:图中的*(对象的地址)长度为1~3字节,与x86和x64环境都不一样,x86为32位,占8个字节;x64为64位,占16个字节;

其实这些声明都已经写入了51单片机的头文件reg52.h中了

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
REG52.H

Header file for generic 80C52 and 80C32 microcontroller.
Copyright (c) 1988-2002 Keil Elektronik GmbH and Keil Software, Inc.
All rights reserved.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef __REG52_H__
#define __REG52_H__

/*  BYTE Registers  */
sfr P0    = 0x80;
sfr P1    = 0x90;
sfr P2    = 0xA0;
sfr P3    = 0xB0;
sfr PSW   = 0xD0;
sfr ACC   = 0xE0;
sfr B     = 0xF0;
sfr SP    = 0x81;
sfr DPL   = 0x82;
sfr DPH   = 0x83;
sfr PCON  = 0x87;
sfr TCON  = 0x88;
sfr TMOD  = 0x89;
sfr TL0   = 0x8A;
sfr TL1   = 0x8B;
sfr TH0   = 0x8C;
sfr TH1   = 0x8D;
sfr IE    = 0xA8;
sfr IP    = 0xB8;
sfr SCON  = 0x98;
sfr SBUF  = 0x99;

/*  8052 Extensions  */
sfr T2CON  = 0xC8;
sfr RCAP2L = 0xCA;
sfr RCAP2H = 0xCB;
sfr TL2    = 0xCC;
sfr TH2    = 0xCD;


/*  BIT Registers  */
/*  PSW  */
sbit CY    = PSW^7;
sbit AC    = PSW^6;
sbit F0    = PSW^5;
sbit RS1   = PSW^4;
sbit RS0   = PSW^3;
sbit OV    = PSW^2;
sbit P     = PSW^0; //8052 only

/*  TCON  */
sbit TF1   = TCON^7;
sbit TR1   = TCON^6;
sbit TF0   = TCON^5;
sbit TR0   = TCON^4;
sbit IE1   = TCON^3;
sbit IT1   = TCON^2;
sbit IE0   = TCON^1;
sbit IT0   = TCON^0;

/*  IE  */
sbit EA    = IE^7;
sbit ET2   = IE^5; //8052 only
sbit ES    = IE^4;
sbit ET1   = IE^3;
sbit EX1   = IE^2;
sbit ET0   = IE^1;
sbit EX0   = IE^0;

/*  IP  */
sbit PT2   = IP^5;
sbit PS    = IP^4;
sbit PT1   = IP^3;
sbit PX1   = IP^2;
sbit PT0   = IP^1;
sbit PX0   = IP^0;

/*  P3  */
sbit RD    = P3^7;
sbit WR    = P3^6;
sbit T1    = P3^5;
sbit T0    = P3^4;
sbit INT1  = P3^3;
sbit INT0  = P3^2;
sbit TXD   = P3^1;
sbit RXD   = P3^0;

/*  SCON  */
sbit SM0   = SCON^7;
sbit SM1   = SCON^6;
sbit SM2   = SCON^5;
sbit REN   = SCON^4;
sbit TB8   = SCON^3;
sbit RB8   = SCON^2;
sbit TI    = SCON^1;
sbit RI    = SCON^0;

/*  P1  */
sbit T2EX  = P1^1; // 8052 only
sbit T2    = P1^0; // 8052 only
             
/*  T2CON  */
sbit TF2    = T2CON^7;
sbit EXF2   = T2CON^6;
sbit RCLK   = T2CON^5;
sbit TCLK   = T2CON^4;
sbit EXEN2  = T2CON^3;
sbit TR2    = T2CON^2;
sbit C_T2   = T2CON^1;
sbit CP_RL2 = T2CON^0;

#endif

每一个寄存器在内存中都有一个唯一的地址 ,而操作这些寄存器实际上在操作寄存器所对应的地址的数据

如:

1.sfr P0 = 0x80;指P0端口(本质上是寄存器)在地址0x80处,类型为sfr,这样声明后,在c文件时就可以直接使用P0这个名称来对0x80地址处的数据进行读或写操作

2.sbit TI = SCON^1;指TI定义为SCON的位1处,但在51单片机中^不是按位异或

SCON的存储空间为1 byte,从左向右依次为位0~位7