Deploying to Google Kubernetes Engine

You can deploy to Google Kubernetes Engine as part of your continuous deployment (CD) workflows.

En este artículo

Introduction

This guide explains how to use GitHub Actions to build a containerized application, push it to Google Container Registry (GCR), and deploy it to Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) when there is a push to the main branch.

GKE is a managed Kubernetes cluster service from Google Cloud that can host your containerized workloads in the cloud or in your own datacenter. For more information, see Google Kubernetes Engine.

Nota:

Si tus flujos de trabajo de GitHub Actions necesitan acceder a los recursos de un proveedor de servicios en la red que sea compatible con OpenID Connect (OIDC), puedes configurarlos para que se autentiquen directamente con dicho proveedor. Esto te permitirá dejar de almacenar estas credenciales como secretos de duración larga y te proporcionará otros beneficios de seguridad. Para más información, consulta Acerca del fortalecimiento de seguridad con OpenID Connect.

Prerequisites

Before you proceed with creating the workflow, you will need to complete the following steps for your Kubernetes project. This guide assumes the root of your project already has a Dockerfile and a Kubernetes Deployment configuration file.

Creating a GKE cluster

To create the GKE cluster, you will first need to authenticate using the gcloud CLI. For more information on this step, see the following articles:

For example:

Shell
$ gcloud container clusters create $GKE_CLUSTER \
	--project=$GKE_PROJECT \
	--zone=$GKE_ZONE

Enabling the APIs

Enable the Kubernetes Engine and Container Registry APIs. For example:

Shell
$ gcloud services enable \
	containerregistry.googleapis.com \
	container.googleapis.com

Configuring a service account and storing its credentials

This procedure demonstrates how to create the service account for your GKE integration. It explains how to create the account, add roles to it, retrieve its keys, and store them as a base64-encoded encrypted repository secret named GKE_SA_KEY.

  1. Create a new service account:

    Shell
    gcloud iam service-accounts create $SA_NAME

  2. Retrieve the email address of the service account you just created:

    Shell
    gcloud iam service-accounts list

  3. Add roles to the service account.

    Nota:

    Apply more restrictive roles to suit your requirements.

    Shell
    gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $GKE_PROJECT \
  --member=serviceAccount:$SA_EMAIL \
  --role=roles/container.admin
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $GKE_PROJECT \
  --member=serviceAccount:$SA_EMAIL \
  --role=roles/storage.admin
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $GKE_PROJECT \
  --member=serviceAccount:$SA_EMAIL \
  --role=roles/container.clusterViewer

  4. Download the JSON keyfile for the service account:

    Shell
    gcloud iam service-accounts keys create key.json --iam-account=$SA_EMAIL

  5. Store the service account key as a secret named GKE_SA_KEY:

    Shell
    export GKE_SA_KEY=$(cat key.json | base64)

    For more information about how to store a secret, see Using secrets in GitHub Actions.

Storing your project name

Store the name of your project as a secret named GKE_PROJECT. For more information about how to store a secret, see Using secrets in GitHub Actions.

(Optional) Configuring kustomize

Kustomize is an optional tool used for managing YAML specs. After creating a kustomization file, the workflow below can be used to dynamically set fields of the image and pipe in the result to kubectl. For more information, see kustomize usage.

(Optional) Configure a deployment environment

Los entornos se usan para describir un destino de implementación general como production, staging o development. Cuando se despliega un flujo de trabajo de GitHub Actions en un ambiente, dicho ambiente se desplegará en la página principal del repositorio. Puedes usar entornos para requerir aprobación para que un trabajo continúe, restringir qué ramas pueden desencadenar un flujo de trabajo, controlar las implementaciones con reglas de protección de implementación personalizadas o limitar el acceso a los secretos. Para más información sobre la creación de entornos, consulta Managing environments for deployment.

Creating the workflow

Once you've completed the prerequisites, you can proceed with creating the workflow.

The following example workflow demonstrates how to build a container image and push it to GCR. It then uses the Kubernetes tools (such as kubectl and kustomize) to pull the image into the cluster deployment.

Under the env key, change the value of GKE_CLUSTER to the name of your cluster, GKE_ZONE to your cluster zone, DEPLOYMENT_NAME to the name of your deployment, and IMAGE to the name of your image.

Si ha configurado un entorno de implementación, cambie el valor de environment por el nombre del entorno. Si no ha configurado un entorno o si el flujo de trabajo está en un repositorio privado y no usa GitHub Enterprise Cloud, borre la clave environment.

YAML
# Este flujo de trabajo usa acciones que no GitHub no certifica.
# Estas las proporcionan entidades terceras y las gobiernan
# condiciones de servicio, políticas de privacidad y documentación de soporte
# en línea.

# GitHub recomienda anclar acciones a un SHA de confirmación.
# Para obtener una versión más reciente, debes actualizar el SHA.
# También puedes hacer referencia a una etiqueta o rama, pero la acción puede cambiar sin ninguna advertencia.

name: Build and Deploy to GKE

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main

env:
  PROJECT_ID: ${{ secrets.GKE_PROJECT }}
  GKE_CLUSTER: cluster-1    # Add your cluster name here.
  GKE_ZONE: us-central1-c   # Add your cluster zone here.
  DEPLOYMENT_NAME: gke-test # Add your deployment name here.
  IMAGE: static-site

jobs:
  setup-build-publish-deploy:
    name: Setup, Build, Publish, and Deploy
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment: production

    steps:
    - name: Checkout
      uses: actions/checkout@v4

    # Setup gcloud CLI
    - uses: google-github-actions/setup-gcloud@1bee7de035d65ec5da40a31f8589e240eba8fde5
      with:
        service_account_key: ${{ secrets.GKE_SA_KEY }}
        project_id: ${{ secrets.GKE_PROJECT }}

    # Configure Docker to use the gcloud command-line tool as a credential
    # helper for authentication
    - run: |-
        gcloud --quiet auth configure-docker

    # Get the GKE credentials so we can deploy to the cluster
    - uses: google-github-actions/get-gke-credentials@db150f2cc60d1716e61922b832eae71d2a45938f
      with:
        cluster_name: ${{ env.GKE_CLUSTER }}
        location: ${{ env.GKE_ZONE }}
        credentials: ${{ secrets.GKE_SA_KEY }}

    # Build the Docker image
    - name: Build
      run: |-
        docker build \
          --tag "gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/$IMAGE:$GITHUB_SHA" \
          --build-arg GITHUB_SHA="$GITHUB_SHA" \
          --build-arg GITHUB_REF="$GITHUB_REF" \
          .

    # Push the Docker image to Google Container Registry
    - name: Publish
      run: |-
        docker push "gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/$IMAGE:$GITHUB_SHA"

    # Set up kustomize
    - name: Set up Kustomize
      run: |-
        curl -sfLo kustomize https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/releases/download/v3.1.0/kustomize_3.1.0_linux_amd64
        chmod u+x ./kustomize

    # Deploy the Docker image to the GKE cluster
    - name: Deploy
      run: |-
        ./kustomize edit set image gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/IMAGE:TAG=gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/$IMAGE:$GITHUB_SHA
        ./kustomize build . | kubectl apply -f -
        kubectl rollout status deployment/$DEPLOYMENT_NAME
        kubectl get services -o wide

Additional resources

For more information on the tools used in these examples, see the following documentation: