Building and testing Java with Gradle

You can create a continuous integration (CI) workflow in GitHub Actions to build and test your Java project with Gradle.

이 문서의 내용

Introduction

This guide shows you how to create a workflow that performs continuous integration (CI) for your Java project using the Gradle build system. The workflow you create will allow you to see when commits to a pull request cause build or test failures against your default branch; this approach can help ensure that your code is always healthy. You can extend your CI workflow to cache files and upload artifacts from a workflow run.

GitHub-hosted runners have a tools cache with pre-installed software, which includes Java Development Kits (JDKs) and Gradle. For a list of software and the pre-installed versions for JDK and Gradle, see Using GitHub-hosted runners.

Prerequisites

You should be familiar with YAML and the syntax for GitHub Actions. For more information, see:

We recommend that you have a basic understanding of Java and the Gradle framework. For more information, see the Gradle User Manual.

Using a Gradle workflow template

빠르게 시작하려면 워크플로 템플릿을 리포지토리의 .github/workflows 디렉터리에 추가합니다.

GitHub provides a workflow template for Gradle that should work for most Java with Gradle projects. The subsequent sections of this guide give examples of how you can customize this workflow template.

  1. GitHub에서 리포지토리의 기본 페이지로 이동합니다.

  2. 리포지토리 이름 아래에서 작업을 클릭합니다.

    "github/docs" 리포지토리의 탭 스크린샷. "작업" 탭은 주황색 윤곽선으로 강조 표시됩니다.

  3. 리포지토리에 워크플로가 이미 있는 경우 새 워크플로를 클릭합니다.

  4. The "Choose a workflow" page shows a selection of recommended workflow templates. Search for "Java with Gradle".

  5. On the "Java with Gradle" workflow, click Configure. 이 워크플로는 다음 단계를 수행합니다.

  6. 프로젝트 리포지토리의 복사본을 체크 아웃합니다.

  7. Java JDK를 설정합니다.

  8. Gradle 환경을 설정합니다. 이 gradle/actions/setup-gradle 작업은 워크플로 실행 간의 캐싱 상태를 처리하고 모든 Gradle 실행에 대한 자세한 요약을 제공합니다.

  9. The "Build with Gradle" step executes the build task using the Gradle Wrapper.

  10. Edit the workflow as required. For example, change the Java version.

    참고 항목

    • 워크플로 템플릿에는 GitHub에서 인증되지 않은 작업이 포함되어 있습니다. 제3자가 제공하는 작업은 별도의 서비스 약관, 개인 정보 보호 정책 및 지원 문서를 적용합니다.
    • 타사의 작업을 사용하는 경우 커밋 SHA에서 지정한 버전을 사용해야 합니다. 작업을 수정하고 최신 버전을 사용하려는 경우 SHA를 업데이트해야 합니다. 태그 또는 분기를 참조하여 버전을 지정할 수 있지만 경고 없이 작업이 변경될 수 있습니다. 자세한 내용은 Security hardening for GitHub Actions을(를) 참조하세요.

  11. Click Commit changes.

    The gradle.yml workflow file is added to the .github/workflows directory of your repository.

Java 버전 및 아키텍처 지정

워크플로 템플릿은 x64 플랫폼의 경우 OpenJDK 8을 포함하도록 PATH을(를) 설정합니다. 다른 버전의 Java를 사용하거나 다른 아키텍처(x64 또는 x86)를 대상으로 지정하려는 경우 setup-java 작업을 사용하여 다른 Java 런타임 환경을 선택할 수 있습니다.

예를 들어 x64 플랫폼용 Adoptium에서 제공하는 JDK 버전 11을 사용하려면 setup-java 작업을 사용하고 java-version, distribution 및 architecture 매개 변수를 각각 '11', 'temurin' 및 x64로 구성할 수 있습니다.

YAML
steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - name: Set up JDK 11 for x64
    uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '11'
      distribution: 'temurin'
      architecture: x64

자세한 내용은 setup-java 작업을 참조하세요.

Building and testing your code

You can use the same commands that you use locally to build and test your code.

The workflow template will run the build task by default. In the default Gradle configuration, this command will download dependencies, build classes, run tests, and package classes into their distributable format, for example, a JAR file.

If you use different commands to build your project, or you want to use a different task, you can specify those. For example, you may want to run the package task that's configured in your ci.gradle file.

YAML
steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '17'
      distribution: 'temurin'

  - name: Setup Gradle
    uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@af1da67850ed9a4cedd57bfd976089dd991e2582 # v4.0.0

  - name: Build with Gradle
    run: ./gradlew -b ci.gradle package

Caching dependencies

Your build dependencies can be cached to speed up your workflow runs. After a successful run, gradle/actions/setup-gradle caches important parts of the Gradle user home directory. In future jobs, the cache will be restored so that build scripts won't need to be recompiled and dependencies won't need to be downloaded from remote package repositories.

Caching is enabled by default when using the gradle/actions/setup-gradle action. For more information, see gradle/actions/setup-gradle.

Packaging workflow data as artifacts

After your build has succeeded and your tests have passed, you may want to upload the resulting Java packages as a build artifact. This will store the built packages as part of the workflow run, and allow you to download them. Artifacts can help you test and debug pull requests in your local environment before they're merged. For more information, see Storing and sharing data from a workflow.

Gradle will usually create output files like JARs, EARs, or WARs in the build/libs directory. You can upload the contents of that directory using the upload-artifact action.

YAML
steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
    with:
      java-version: '17'
      distribution: 'temurin'

  - name: Setup Gradle
    uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@af1da67850ed9a4cedd57bfd976089dd991e2582 # v4.0.0

  - name: Build with Gradle
    run: ./gradlew build

  - name: Upload build artifacts
    uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
    with:
      name: Package
      path: build/libs