Move pgbench from contrib/ to src/bin/

Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 4004 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c b/contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 788484e8793..00000000000
--- a/contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4004 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * pgbench.c
- *
- * A simple benchmark program for PostgreSQL
- * Originally written by Tatsuo Ishii and enhanced by many contributors.
- *
- * contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c
- * Copyright (c) 2000-2015, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
- * ALL RIGHTS RESERVED;
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
- * documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement
- * is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this
- * paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.
- *
- * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
- * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING
- * LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS
- * DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE
- * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- * THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
- * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
- * AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
- * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO
- * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
- *
- */
-
-#ifdef WIN32
-#define FD_SETSIZE 1024			/* set before winsock2.h is included */
-#endif   /* ! WIN32 */
-
-#include "postgres_fe.h"
-
-#include "getopt_long.h"
-#include "libpq-fe.h"
-#include "portability/instr_time.h"
-
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
-#include <sys/select.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
-#include <sys/resource.h>		/* for getrlimit */
-#endif
-
-#ifndef M_PI
-#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846
-#endif
-
-#include "pgbench.h"
-
-/*
- * Multi-platform pthread implementations
- */
-
-#ifdef WIN32
-/* Use native win32 threads on Windows */
-typedef struct win32_pthread *pthread_t;
-typedef int pthread_attr_t;
-
-static int	pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);
-static int	pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return);
-#elif defined(ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY)
-/* Use platform-dependent pthread capability */
-#include <pthread.h>
-#else
-/* Use emulation with fork. Rename pthread identifiers to avoid conflicts */
-#define PTHREAD_FORK_EMULATION
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-
-#define pthread_t				pg_pthread_t
-#define pthread_attr_t			pg_pthread_attr_t
-#define pthread_create			pg_pthread_create
-#define pthread_join			pg_pthread_join
-
-typedef struct fork_pthread *pthread_t;
-typedef int pthread_attr_t;
-
-static int	pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);
-static int	pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return);
-#endif
-
-
-/********************************************************************
- * some configurable parameters */
-
-/* max number of clients allowed */
-#ifdef FD_SETSIZE
-#define MAXCLIENTS	(FD_SETSIZE - 10)
-#else
-#define MAXCLIENTS	1024
-#endif
-
-#define LOG_STEP_SECONDS	5	/* seconds between log messages */
-#define DEFAULT_NXACTS	10		/* default nxacts */
-
-#define MIN_GAUSSIAN_THRESHOLD		2.0	/* minimum threshold for gauss */
-
-int			nxacts = 0;			/* number of transactions per client */
-int			duration = 0;		/* duration in seconds */
-
-/*
- * scaling factor. for example, scale = 10 will make 1000000 tuples in
- * pgbench_accounts table.
- */
-int			scale = 1;
-
-/*
- * fillfactor. for example, fillfactor = 90 will use only 90 percent
- * space during inserts and leave 10 percent free.
- */
-int			fillfactor = 100;
-
-/*
- * create foreign key constraints on the tables?
- */
-int			foreign_keys = 0;
-
-/*
- * use unlogged tables?
- */
-int			unlogged_tables = 0;
-
-/*
- * log sampling rate (1.0 = log everything, 0.0 = option not given)
- */
-double		sample_rate = 0.0;
-
-/*
- * When threads are throttled to a given rate limit, this is the target delay
- * to reach that rate in usec.  0 is the default and means no throttling.
- */
-int64		throttle_delay = 0;
-
-/*
- * Transactions which take longer than this limit (in usec) are counted as
- * late, and reported as such, although they are completed anyway. When
- * throttling is enabled, execution time slots that are more than this late
- * are skipped altogether, and counted separately.
- */
-int64		latency_limit = 0;
-
-/*
- * tablespace selection
- */
-char	   *tablespace = NULL;
-char	   *index_tablespace = NULL;
-
-/*
- * end of configurable parameters
- *********************************************************************/
-
-#define nbranches	1			/* Makes little sense to change this.  Change
-								 * -s instead */
-#define ntellers	10
-#define naccounts	100000
-
-/*
- * The scale factor at/beyond which 32bit integers are incapable of storing
- * 64bit values.
- *
- * Although the actual threshold is 21474, we use 20000 because it is easier to
- * document and remember, and isn't that far away from the real threshold.
- */
-#define SCALE_32BIT_THRESHOLD 20000
-
-bool		use_log;			/* log transaction latencies to a file */
-bool		use_quiet;			/* quiet logging onto stderr */
-int			agg_interval;		/* log aggregates instead of individual
-								 * transactions */
-int			progress = 0;		/* thread progress report every this seconds */
-int			progress_nclients = 0;		/* number of clients for progress
-										 * report */
-int			progress_nthreads = 0;		/* number of threads for progress
-										 * report */
-bool		is_connect;			/* establish connection for each transaction */
-bool		is_latencies;		/* report per-command latencies */
-int			main_pid;			/* main process id used in log filename */
-
-char	   *pghost = "";
-char	   *pgport = "";
-char	   *login = NULL;
-char	   *dbName;
-const char *progname;
-
-volatile bool timer_exceeded = false;	/* flag from signal handler */
-
-/* variable definitions */
-typedef struct
-{
-	char	   *name;			/* variable name */
-	char	   *value;			/* its value */
-} Variable;
-
-#define MAX_FILES		128		/* max number of SQL script files allowed */
-#define SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE	256 /* maximum size allowed for shell command */
-
-/*
- * structures used in custom query mode
- */
-
-typedef struct
-{
-	PGconn	   *con;			/* connection handle to DB */
-	int			id;				/* client No. */
-	int			state;			/* state No. */
-	int			cnt;			/* xacts count */
-	int			ecnt;			/* error count */
-	int			listen;			/* 0 indicates that an async query has been
-								 * sent */
-	int			sleeping;		/* 1 indicates that the client is napping */
-	bool		throttling;		/* whether nap is for throttling */
-	Variable   *variables;		/* array of variable definitions */
-	int			nvariables;
-	int64		txn_scheduled;	/* scheduled start time of transaction (usec) */
-	instr_time	txn_begin;		/* used for measuring schedule lag times */
-	instr_time	stmt_begin;		/* used for measuring statement latencies */
-	int64		txn_latencies;	/* cumulated latencies */
-	int64		txn_sqlats;		/* cumulated square latencies */
-	bool		is_throttled;	/* whether transaction throttling is done */
-	int			use_file;		/* index in sql_files for this client */
-	bool		prepared[MAX_FILES];
-} CState;
-
-/*
- * Thread state and result
- */
-typedef struct
-{
-	int			tid;			/* thread id */
-	pthread_t	thread;			/* thread handle */
-	CState	   *state;			/* array of CState */
-	int			nstate;			/* length of state[] */
-	instr_time	start_time;		/* thread start time */
-	instr_time *exec_elapsed;	/* time spent executing cmds (per Command) */
-	int		   *exec_count;		/* number of cmd executions (per Command) */
-	unsigned short random_state[3];		/* separate randomness for each thread */
-	int64		throttle_trigger;		/* previous/next throttling (us) */
-	int64		throttle_lag;	/* total transaction lag behind throttling */
-	int64		throttle_lag_max;		/* max transaction lag */
-	int64		throttle_latency_skipped; /* lagging transactions skipped */
-	int64		latency_late;	/* late transactions */
-} TState;
-
-#define INVALID_THREAD		((pthread_t) 0)
-
-typedef struct
-{
-	instr_time	conn_time;
-	int64		xacts;
-	int64		latencies;
-	int64		sqlats;
-	int64		throttle_lag;
-	int64		throttle_lag_max;
-	int64		throttle_latency_skipped;
-	int64		latency_late;
-} TResult;
-
-/*
- * queries read from files
- */
-#define SQL_COMMAND		1
-#define META_COMMAND	2
-#define MAX_ARGS		10
-
-typedef enum QueryMode
-{
-	QUERY_SIMPLE,				/* simple query */
-	QUERY_EXTENDED,				/* extended query */
-	QUERY_PREPARED,				/* extended query with prepared statements */
-	NUM_QUERYMODE
-} QueryMode;
-
-static QueryMode querymode = QUERY_SIMPLE;
-static const char *QUERYMODE[] = {"simple", "extended", "prepared"};
-
-typedef struct
-{
-	char	   *line;			/* full text of command line */
-	int			command_num;	/* unique index of this Command struct */
-	int			type;			/* command type (SQL_COMMAND or META_COMMAND) */
-	int			argc;			/* number of command words */
-	char	   *argv[MAX_ARGS]; /* command word list */
-	int			cols[MAX_ARGS]; /* corresponding column starting from 1 */
-	PgBenchExpr *expr;			/* parsed expression */
-} Command;
-
-typedef struct
-{
-
-	long		start_time;		/* when does the interval start */
-	int			cnt;			/* number of transactions */
-	int			skipped;		/* number of transactions skipped under
-								 * --rate and --latency-limit */
-
-	double		min_latency;	/* min/max latencies */
-	double		max_latency;
-	double		sum_latency;	/* sum(latency), sum(latency^2) - for
-								 * estimates */
-	double		sum2_latency;
-
-	double		min_lag;
-	double		max_lag;
-	double		sum_lag;		/* sum(lag) */
-	double		sum2_lag;		/* sum(lag*lag) */
-} AggVals;
-
-static Command **sql_files[MAX_FILES];	/* SQL script files */
-static int	num_files;			/* number of script files */
-static int	num_commands = 0;	/* total number of Command structs */
-static int	debug = 0;			/* debug flag */
-
-/* default scenario */
-static char *tpc_b = {
-	"\\set nbranches " CppAsString2(nbranches) " * :scale\n"
-	"\\set ntellers " CppAsString2(ntellers) " * :scale\n"
-	"\\set naccounts " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale\n"
-	"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
-	"\\setrandom bid 1 :nbranches\n"
-	"\\setrandom tid 1 :ntellers\n"
-	"\\setrandom delta -5000 5000\n"
-	"BEGIN;\n"
-	"UPDATE pgbench_accounts SET abalance = abalance + :delta WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
-	"SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
-	"UPDATE pgbench_tellers SET tbalance = tbalance + :delta WHERE tid = :tid;\n"
-	"UPDATE pgbench_branches SET bbalance = bbalance + :delta WHERE bid = :bid;\n"
-	"INSERT INTO pgbench_history (tid, bid, aid, delta, mtime) VALUES (:tid, :bid, :aid, :delta, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);\n"
-	"END;\n"
-};
-
-/* -N case */
-static char *simple_update = {
-	"\\set nbranches " CppAsString2(nbranches) " * :scale\n"
-	"\\set ntellers " CppAsString2(ntellers) " * :scale\n"
-	"\\set naccounts " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale\n"
-	"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
-	"\\setrandom bid 1 :nbranches\n"
-	"\\setrandom tid 1 :ntellers\n"
-	"\\setrandom delta -5000 5000\n"
-	"BEGIN;\n"
-	"UPDATE pgbench_accounts SET abalance = abalance + :delta WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
-	"SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
-	"INSERT INTO pgbench_history (tid, bid, aid, delta, mtime) VALUES (:tid, :bid, :aid, :delta, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);\n"
-	"END;\n"
-};
-
-/* -S case */
-static char *select_only = {
-	"\\set naccounts " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale\n"
-	"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
-	"SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
-};
-
-/* Function prototypes */
-static void setalarm(int seconds);
-static void *threadRun(void *arg);
-
-static void doLog(TState *thread, CState *st, FILE *logfile, instr_time *now,
-	  AggVals *agg, bool skipped);
-
-static void
-usage(void)
-{
-	printf("%s is a benchmarking tool for PostgreSQL.\n\n"
-		   "Usage:\n"
-		   "  %s [OPTION]... [DBNAME]\n"
-		   "\nInitialization options:\n"
-		   "  -i, --initialize         invokes initialization mode\n"
-		   "  -F, --fillfactor=NUM     set fill factor\n"
-		"  -n, --no-vacuum          do not run VACUUM after initialization\n"
-	"  -q, --quiet              quiet logging (one message each 5 seconds)\n"
-		   "  -s, --scale=NUM          scaling factor\n"
-		   "  --foreign-keys           create foreign key constraints between tables\n"
-		   "  --index-tablespace=TABLESPACE\n"
-	"                           create indexes in the specified tablespace\n"
-	 "  --tablespace=TABLESPACE  create tables in the specified tablespace\n"
-		   "  --unlogged-tables        create tables as unlogged tables\n"
-		   "\nBenchmarking options:\n"
-		   "  -c, --client=NUM         number of concurrent database clients (default: 1)\n"
-		   "  -C, --connect            establish new connection for each transaction\n"
-		   "  -D, --define=VARNAME=VALUE\n"
-	  "                           define variable for use by custom script\n"
-		 "  -f, --file=FILENAME      read transaction script from FILENAME\n"
-		   "  -j, --jobs=NUM           number of threads (default: 1)\n"
-		   "  -l, --log                write transaction times to log file\n"
-		   "  -L, --latency-limit=NUM  count transactions lasting more than NUM ms\n"
-		   "                           as late.\n"
-		   "  -M, --protocol=simple|extended|prepared\n"
-		   "                           protocol for submitting queries (default: simple)\n"
-		   "  -n, --no-vacuum          do not run VACUUM before tests\n"
-		   "  -N, --skip-some-updates  skip updates of pgbench_tellers and pgbench_branches\n"
-		   "  -P, --progress=NUM       show thread progress report every NUM seconds\n"
-		   "  -r, --report-latencies   report average latency per command\n"
-		"  -R, --rate=NUM           target rate in transactions per second\n"
-		   "  -s, --scale=NUM          report this scale factor in output\n"
-		   "  -S, --select-only        perform SELECT-only transactions\n"
-		   "  -t, --transactions=NUM   number of transactions each client runs (default: 10)\n"
-		 "  -T, --time=NUM           duration of benchmark test in seconds\n"
-		   "  -v, --vacuum-all         vacuum all four standard tables before tests\n"
-		   "  --aggregate-interval=NUM aggregate data over NUM seconds\n"
-		   "  --sampling-rate=NUM      fraction of transactions to log (e.g. 0.01 for 1%%)\n"
-		   "\nCommon options:\n"
-		   "  -d, --debug              print debugging output\n"
-	  "  -h, --host=HOSTNAME      database server host or socket directory\n"
-		   "  -p, --port=PORT          database server port number\n"
-		   "  -U, --username=USERNAME  connect as specified database user\n"
-		 "  -V, --version            output version information, then exit\n"
-		   "  -?, --help               show this help, then exit\n"
-		   "\n"
-		   "Report bugs to <[email protected]>.\n",
-		   progname, progname);
-}
-
-/*
- * strtoint64 -- convert a string to 64-bit integer
- *
- * This function is a modified version of scanint8() from
- * src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c.
- */
-int64
-strtoint64(const char *str)
-{
-	const char *ptr = str;
-	int64		result = 0;
-	int			sign = 1;
-
-	/*
-	 * Do our own scan, rather than relying on sscanf which might be broken
-	 * for long long.
-	 */
-
-	/* skip leading spaces */
-	while (*ptr && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
-		ptr++;
-
-	/* handle sign */
-	if (*ptr == '-')
-	{
-		ptr++;
-
-		/*
-		 * Do an explicit check for INT64_MIN.  Ugly though this is, it's
-		 * cleaner than trying to get the loop below to handle it portably.
-		 */
-		if (strncmp(ptr, "9223372036854775808", 19) == 0)
-		{
-			result = PG_INT64_MIN;
-			ptr += 19;
-			goto gotdigits;
-		}
-		sign = -1;
-	}
-	else if (*ptr == '+')
-		ptr++;
-
-	/* require at least one digit */
-	if (!isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
-		fprintf(stderr, "invalid input syntax for integer: \"%s\"\n", str);
-
-	/* process digits */
-	while (*ptr && isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
-	{
-		int64		tmp = result * 10 + (*ptr++ - '0');
-
-		if ((tmp / 10) != result)		/* overflow? */
-			fprintf(stderr, "value \"%s\" is out of range for type bigint\n", str);
-		result = tmp;
-	}
-
-gotdigits:
-
-	/* allow trailing whitespace, but not other trailing chars */
-	while (*ptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
-		ptr++;
-
-	if (*ptr != '\0')
-		fprintf(stderr, "invalid input syntax for integer: \"%s\"\n", str);
-
-	return ((sign < 0) ? -result : result);
-}
-
-/* random number generator: uniform distribution from min to max inclusive */
-static int64
-getrand(TState *thread, int64 min, int64 max)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Odd coding is so that min and max have approximately the same chance of
-	 * being selected as do numbers between them.
-	 *
-	 * pg_erand48() is thread-safe and concurrent, which is why we use it
-	 * rather than random(), which in glibc is non-reentrant, and therefore
-	 * protected by a mutex, and therefore a bottleneck on machines with many
-	 * CPUs.
-	 */
-	return min + (int64) ((max - min + 1) * pg_erand48(thread->random_state));
-}
-
-/*
- * random number generator: exponential distribution from min to max inclusive.
- * the threshold is so that the density of probability for the last cut-off max
- * value is exp(-threshold).
- */
-static int64
-getExponentialRand(TState *thread, int64 min, int64 max, double threshold)
-{
-	double cut, uniform, rand;
-	Assert(threshold > 0.0);
-	cut = exp(-threshold);
-	/* erand in [0, 1), uniform in (0, 1] */
-	uniform = 1.0 - pg_erand48(thread->random_state);
-	/*
-	 * inner expresion in (cut, 1] (if threshold > 0),
-	 * rand in [0, 1)
-	 */
-	Assert((1.0 - cut) != 0.0);
-	rand = - log(cut + (1.0 - cut) * uniform) / threshold;
-	/* return int64 random number within between min and max */
-	return min + (int64)((max - min + 1) * rand);
-}
-
-/* random number generator: gaussian distribution from min to max inclusive */
-static int64
-getGaussianRand(TState *thread, int64 min, int64 max, double threshold)
-{
-	double		stdev;
-	double		rand;
-
-	/*
-	 * Get user specified random number from this loop, with
-	 * -threshold < stdev <= threshold
-	 *
-	 * This loop is executed until the number is in the expected range.
-	 *
-	 * As the minimum threshold is 2.0, the probability of looping is low:
-	 * sqrt(-2 ln(r)) <= 2 => r >= e^{-2} ~ 0.135, then when taking the average
-	 * sinus multiplier as 2/pi, we have a 8.6% looping probability in the
-	 * worst case. For a 5.0 threshold value, the looping probability
-	 * is about e^{-5} * 2 / pi ~ 0.43%.
-	 */
-	do
-	{
-		/*
-		 * pg_erand48 generates [0,1), but for the basic version of the
-		 * Box-Muller transform the two uniformly distributed random numbers
-		 * are expected in (0, 1] (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_muller)
-		 */
-		double rand1 = 1.0 - pg_erand48(thread->random_state);
-		double rand2 = 1.0 - pg_erand48(thread->random_state);
-
-		/* Box-Muller basic form transform */
-		double var_sqrt = sqrt(-2.0 * log(rand1));
-		stdev = var_sqrt * sin(2.0 * M_PI * rand2);
-
-		/*
-		 * we may try with cos, but there may be a bias induced if the previous
-		 * value fails the test. To be on the safe side, let us try over.
-		 */
-	}
-	while (stdev < -threshold || stdev >= threshold);
-
-	/* stdev is in [-threshold, threshold), normalization to [0,1) */
-	rand = (stdev + threshold) / (threshold * 2.0);
-
-	/* return int64 random number within between min and max */
-	return min + (int64)((max - min + 1) * rand);
-}
-
-/*
- * random number generator: generate a value, such that the series of values
- * will approximate a Poisson distribution centered on the given value.
- */
-static int64
-getPoissonRand(TState *thread, int64 center)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Use inverse transform sampling to generate a value > 0, such that the
-	 * expected (i.e. average) value is the given argument.
-	 */
-	double uniform;
-
-	/* erand in [0, 1), uniform in (0, 1] */
-	uniform = 1.0 - pg_erand48(thread->random_state);
-
-	return (int64) (-log(uniform) * ((double) center) + 0.5);
-}
-
-/* call PQexec() and exit() on failure */
-static void
-executeStatement(PGconn *con, const char *sql)
-{
-	PGresult   *res;
-
-	res = PQexec(con, sql);
-	if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
-		exit(1);
-	}
-	PQclear(res);
-}
-
-/* set up a connection to the backend */
-static PGconn *
-doConnect(void)
-{
-	PGconn	   *conn;
-	static char *password = NULL;
-	bool		new_pass;
-
-	/*
-	 * Start the connection.  Loop until we have a password if requested by
-	 * backend.
-	 */
-	do
-	{
-#define PARAMS_ARRAY_SIZE	7
-
-		const char *keywords[PARAMS_ARRAY_SIZE];
-		const char *values[PARAMS_ARRAY_SIZE];
-
-		keywords[0] = "host";
-		values[0] = pghost;
-		keywords[1] = "port";
-		values[1] = pgport;
-		keywords[2] = "user";
-		values[2] = login;
-		keywords[3] = "password";
-		values[3] = password;
-		keywords[4] = "dbname";
-		values[4] = dbName;
-		keywords[5] = "fallback_application_name";
-		values[5] = progname;
-		keywords[6] = NULL;
-		values[6] = NULL;
-
-		new_pass = false;
-
-		conn = PQconnectdbParams(keywords, values, true);
-
-		if (!conn)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database \"%s\" failed\n",
-					dbName);
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD &&
-			PQconnectionNeedsPassword(conn) &&
-			password == NULL)
-		{
-			PQfinish(conn);
-			password = simple_prompt("Password: ", 100, false);
-			new_pass = true;
-		}
-	} while (new_pass);
-
-	/* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
-	if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database \"%s\" failed:\n%s",
-				dbName, PQerrorMessage(conn));
-		PQfinish(conn);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	return conn;
-}
-
-/* throw away response from backend */
-static void
-discard_response(CState *state)
-{
-	PGresult   *res;
-
-	do
-	{
-		res = PQgetResult(state->con);
-		if (res)
-			PQclear(res);
-	} while (res);
-}
-
-static int
-compareVariables(const void *v1, const void *v2)
-{
-	return strcmp(((const Variable *) v1)->name,
-				  ((const Variable *) v2)->name);
-}
-
-static char *
-getVariable(CState *st, char *name)
-{
-	Variable	key,
-			   *var;
-
-	/* On some versions of Solaris, bsearch of zero items dumps core */
-	if (st->nvariables <= 0)
-		return NULL;
-
-	key.name = name;
-	var = (Variable *) bsearch((void *) &key,
-							   (void *) st->variables,
-							   st->nvariables,
-							   sizeof(Variable),
-							   compareVariables);
-	if (var != NULL)
-		return var->value;
-	else
-		return NULL;
-}
-
-/* check whether the name consists of alphabets, numerals and underscores. */
-static bool
-isLegalVariableName(const char *name)
-{
-	int			i;
-
-	for (i = 0; name[i] != '\0'; i++)
-	{
-		if (!isalnum((unsigned char) name[i]) && name[i] != '_')
-			return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-static int
-putVariable(CState *st, const char *context, char *name, char *value)
-{
-	Variable	key,
-			   *var;
-
-	key.name = name;
-	/* On some versions of Solaris, bsearch of zero items dumps core */
-	if (st->nvariables > 0)
-		var = (Variable *) bsearch((void *) &key,
-								   (void *) st->variables,
-								   st->nvariables,
-								   sizeof(Variable),
-								   compareVariables);
-	else
-		var = NULL;
-
-	if (var == NULL)
-	{
-		Variable   *newvars;
-
-		/*
-		 * Check for the name only when declaring a new variable to avoid
-		 * overhead.
-		 */
-		if (!isLegalVariableName(name))
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid variable name '%s'\n", context, name);
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		if (st->variables)
-			newvars = (Variable *) pg_realloc(st->variables,
-									(st->nvariables + 1) * sizeof(Variable));
-		else
-			newvars = (Variable *) pg_malloc(sizeof(Variable));
-
-		st->variables = newvars;
-
-		var = &newvars[st->nvariables];
-
-		var->name = pg_strdup(name);
-		var->value = pg_strdup(value);
-
-		st->nvariables++;
-
-		qsort((void *) st->variables, st->nvariables, sizeof(Variable),
-			  compareVariables);
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		char	   *val;
-
-		/* dup then free, in case value is pointing at this variable */
-		val = pg_strdup(value);
-
-		free(var->value);
-		var->value = val;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-static char *
-parseVariable(const char *sql, int *eaten)
-{
-	int			i = 0;
-	char	   *name;
-
-	do
-	{
-		i++;
-	} while (isalnum((unsigned char) sql[i]) || sql[i] == '_');
-	if (i == 1)
-		return NULL;
-
-	name = pg_malloc(i);
-	memcpy(name, &sql[1], i - 1);
-	name[i - 1] = '\0';
-
-	*eaten = i;
-	return name;
-}
-
-static char *
-replaceVariable(char **sql, char *param, int len, char *value)
-{
-	int			valueln = strlen(value);
-
-	if (valueln > len)
-	{
-		size_t		offset = param - *sql;
-
-		*sql = pg_realloc(*sql, strlen(*sql) - len + valueln + 1);
-		param = *sql + offset;
-	}
-
-	if (valueln != len)
-		memmove(param + valueln, param + len, strlen(param + len) + 1);
-	memcpy(param, value, valueln);
-
-	return param + valueln;
-}
-
-static char *
-assignVariables(CState *st, char *sql)
-{
-	char	   *p,
-			   *name,
-			   *val;
-
-	p = sql;
-	while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
-	{
-		int			eaten;
-
-		name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
-		if (name == NULL)
-		{
-			while (*p == ':')
-			{
-				p++;
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		val = getVariable(st, name);
-		free(name);
-		if (val == NULL)
-		{
-			p++;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, val);
-	}
-
-	return sql;
-}
-
-static void
-getQueryParams(CState *st, const Command *command, const char **params)
-{
-	int			i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < command->argc - 1; i++)
-		params[i] = getVariable(st, command->argv[i + 1]);
-}
-
-/*
- * Recursive evaluation of an expression in a pgbench script
- * using the current state of variables.
- * Returns whether the evaluation was ok,
- * the value itself is returned through the retval pointer.
- */
-static bool
-evaluateExpr(CState *st, PgBenchExpr *expr, int64 *retval)
-{
-	switch (expr->etype)
-	{
-		case ENODE_INTEGER_CONSTANT:
-			{
-				*retval = expr->u.integer_constant.ival;
-				return true;
-			}
-
-		case ENODE_VARIABLE:
-			{
-				char	   *var;
-
-				if ((var = getVariable(st, expr->u.variable.varname)) == NULL)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "undefined variable %s\n",
-						expr->u.variable.varname);
-					return false;
-				}
-				*retval = strtoint64(var);
-				return true;
-			}
-
-		case ENODE_OPERATOR:
-			{
-				int64	lval;
-				int64	rval;
-
-				if (!evaluateExpr(st, expr->u.operator.lexpr, &lval))
-					return false;
-				if (!evaluateExpr(st, expr->u.operator.rexpr, &rval))
-					return false;
-				switch (expr->u.operator.operator)
-				{
-					case '+':
-						*retval = lval + rval;
-						return true;
-
-					case '-':
-						*retval = lval - rval;
-						return true;
-
-					case '*':
-						*retval = lval * rval;
-						return true;
-
-					case '/':
-						if (rval == 0)
-						{
-							fprintf(stderr, "division by zero\n");
-							return false;
-						}
-						*retval = lval / rval;
-						return true;
-
-					case '%':
-						if (rval == 0)
-						{
-							fprintf(stderr, "division by zero\n");
-							return false;
-						}
-						*retval = lval % rval;
-						return true;
-				}
-
-				fprintf(stderr, "bad operator\n");
-				return false;
-			}
-
-		default:
-			break;
-	}
-
-	fprintf(stderr, "bad expression\n");
-	return false;
-}
-
-/*
- * Run a shell command. The result is assigned to the variable if not NULL.
- * Return true if succeeded, or false on error.
- */
-static bool
-runShellCommand(CState *st, char *variable, char **argv, int argc)
-{
-	char		command[SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE];
-	int			i,
-				len = 0;
-	FILE	   *fp;
-	char		res[64];
-	char	   *endptr;
-	int			retval;
-
-	/*----------
-	 * Join arguments with whitespace separators. Arguments starting with
-	 * exactly one colon are treated as variables:
-	 *	name - append a string "name"
-	 *	:var - append a variable named 'var'
-	 *	::name - append a string ":name"
-	 *----------
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
-	{
-		char	   *arg;
-		int			arglen;
-
-		if (argv[i][0] != ':')
-		{
-			arg = argv[i];		/* a string literal */
-		}
-		else if (argv[i][1] == ':')
-		{
-			arg = argv[i] + 1;	/* a string literal starting with colons */
-		}
-		else if ((arg = getVariable(st, argv[i] + 1)) == NULL)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[i]);
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		arglen = strlen(arg);
-		if (len + arglen + (i > 0 ? 1 : 0) >= SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE - 1)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: too long shell command\n", argv[0]);
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		if (i > 0)
-			command[len++] = ' ';
-		memcpy(command + len, arg, arglen);
-		len += arglen;
-	}
-
-	command[len] = '\0';
-
-	/* Fast path for non-assignment case */
-	if (variable == NULL)
-	{
-		if (system(command))
-		{
-			if (!timer_exceeded)
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot launch shell command\n", argv[0]);
-			return false;
-		}
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/* Execute the command with pipe and read the standard output. */
-	if ((fp = popen(command, "r")) == NULL)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot launch shell command\n", argv[0]);
-		return false;
-	}
-	if (fgets(res, sizeof(res), fp) == NULL)
-	{
-		if (!timer_exceeded)
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot read the result\n", argv[0]);
-		(void) pclose(fp);
-		return false;
-	}
-	if (pclose(fp) < 0)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot close shell command\n", argv[0]);
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/* Check whether the result is an integer and assign it to the variable */
-	retval = (int) strtol(res, &endptr, 10);
-	while (*endptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *endptr))
-		endptr++;
-	if (*res == '\0' || *endptr != '\0')
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: must return an integer ('%s' returned)\n", argv[0], res);
-		return false;
-	}
-	snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", retval);
-	if (!putVariable(st, "setshell", variable, res))
-		return false;
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-	printf("shell parameter name: %s, value: %s\n", argv[1], res);
-#endif
-	return true;
-}
-
-#define MAX_PREPARE_NAME		32
-static void
-preparedStatementName(char *buffer, int file, int state)
-{
-	sprintf(buffer, "P%d_%d", file, state);
-}
-
-static bool
-clientDone(CState *st, bool ok)
-{
-	(void) ok;					/* unused */
-
-	if (st->con != NULL)
-	{
-		PQfinish(st->con);
-		st->con = NULL;
-	}
-	return false;				/* always false */
-}
-
-static
-void
-agg_vals_init(AggVals *aggs, instr_time start)
-{
-	/* basic counters */
-	aggs->cnt = 0;				/* number of transactions (includes skipped) */
-	aggs->skipped = 0;			/* xacts skipped under --rate --latency-limit */
-
-	aggs->sum_latency = 0;		/* SUM(latency) */
-	aggs->sum2_latency = 0;				/* SUM(latency*latency) */
-
-	/* min and max transaction duration */
-	aggs->min_latency = 0;
-	aggs->max_latency = 0;
-
-	/* schedule lag counters */
-	aggs->sum_lag = 0;
-	aggs->sum2_lag = 0;
-	aggs->min_lag = 0;
-	aggs->max_lag = 0;
-
-	/* start of the current interval */
-	aggs->start_time = INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(start);
-}
-
-/* return false iff client should be disconnected */
-static bool
-doCustom(TState *thread, CState *st, instr_time *conn_time, FILE *logfile, AggVals *agg)
-{
-	PGresult   *res;
-	Command   **commands;
-	bool		trans_needs_throttle = false;
-	instr_time	now;
-
-	/*
-	 * gettimeofday() isn't free, so we get the current timestamp lazily the
-	 * first time it's needed, and reuse the same value throughout this
-	 * function after that. This also ensures that e.g. the calculated latency
-	 * reported in the log file and in the totals are the same. Zero means
-	 * "not set yet".
-	 */
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(now);
-
-top:
-	commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
-
-	/*
-	 * Handle throttling once per transaction by sleeping.  It is simpler to
-	 * do this here rather than at the end, because so much complicated logic
-	 * happens below when statements finish.
-	 */
-	if (throttle_delay && !st->is_throttled)
-	{
-		/*
-		 * Generate a delay such that the series of delays will approximate a
-		 * Poisson distribution centered on the throttle_delay time.
-		 *
-		 * If transactions are too slow or a given wait is shorter than a
-		 * transaction, the next transaction will start right away.
-		 */
-		int64		wait = getPoissonRand(thread, throttle_delay);
-
-		thread->throttle_trigger += wait;
-		st->txn_scheduled = thread->throttle_trigger;
-
-		/*
-		 * If this --latency-limit is used, and this slot is already late so
-		 * that the transaction will miss the latency limit even if it
-		 * completed immediately, we skip this time slot and iterate till the
-		 * next slot that isn't late yet.
-		 */
-		if (latency_limit)
-		{
-			int64		now_us;
-
-			if (INSTR_TIME_IS_ZERO(now))
-				INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
-			now_us = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now);
-			while (thread->throttle_trigger < now_us - latency_limit)
-			{
-				thread->throttle_latency_skipped++;
-
-				if (logfile)
-					doLog(thread, st, logfile, &now, agg, true);
-
-				wait = getPoissonRand(thread, throttle_delay);
-				thread->throttle_trigger += wait;
-				st->txn_scheduled = thread->throttle_trigger;
-			}
-		}
-
-		st->sleeping = 1;
-		st->throttling = true;
-		st->is_throttled = true;
-		if (debug)
-			fprintf(stderr, "client %d throttling " INT64_FORMAT " us\n",
-					st->id, wait);
-	}
-
-	if (st->sleeping)
-	{							/* are we sleeping? */
-		int64		now_us;
-
-		if (INSTR_TIME_IS_ZERO(now))
-			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
-		now_us = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now);
-		if (st->txn_scheduled <= now_us)
-		{
-			st->sleeping = 0;	/* Done sleeping, go ahead with next command */
-			if (st->throttling)
-			{
-				/* Measure lag of throttled transaction relative to target */
-				int64		lag = now_us - st->txn_scheduled;
-
-				thread->throttle_lag += lag;
-				if (lag > thread->throttle_lag_max)
-					thread->throttle_lag_max = lag;
-				st->throttling = false;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-			return true;		/* Still sleeping, nothing to do here */
-	}
-
-	if (st->listen)
-	{							/* are we receiver? */
-		if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
-		{
-			if (debug)
-				fprintf(stderr, "client %d receiving\n", st->id);
-			if (!PQconsumeInput(st->con))
-			{					/* there's something wrong */
-				fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Probably the backend died while processing.\n", st->id, st->state);
-				return clientDone(st, false);
-			}
-			if (PQisBusy(st->con))
-				return true;	/* don't have the whole result yet */
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * command finished: accumulate per-command execution times in
-		 * thread-local data structure, if per-command latencies are requested
-		 */
-		if (is_latencies)
-		{
-			int			cnum = commands[st->state]->command_num;
-
-			if (INSTR_TIME_IS_ZERO(now))
-				INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
-			INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(thread->exec_elapsed[cnum],
-								  now, st->stmt_begin);
-			thread->exec_count[cnum]++;
-		}
-
-		/* transaction finished: calculate latency and log the transaction */
-		if (commands[st->state + 1] == NULL)
-		{
-			/* only calculate latency if an option is used that needs it */
-			if (progress || throttle_delay || latency_limit)
-			{
-				int64		latency;
-
-				if (INSTR_TIME_IS_ZERO(now))
-					INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
-
-				latency = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now) - st->txn_scheduled;
-
-				st->txn_latencies += latency;
-
-				/*
-				 * XXX In a long benchmark run of high-latency transactions,
-				 * this int64 addition eventually overflows.  For example, 100
-				 * threads running 10s transactions will overflow it in 2.56
-				 * hours.  With a more-typical OLTP workload of .1s
-				 * transactions, overflow would take 256 hours.
-				 */
-				st->txn_sqlats += latency * latency;
-
-				/* record over the limit transactions if needed. */
-				if (latency_limit && latency > latency_limit)
-					thread->latency_late++;
-			}
-
-			/* record the time it took in the log */
-			if (logfile)
-				doLog(thread, st, logfile, &now, agg, false);
-		}
-
-		if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
-		{
-			/*
-			 * Read and discard the query result; note this is not included in
-			 * the statement latency numbers.
-			 */
-			res = PQgetResult(st->con);
-			switch (PQresultStatus(res))
-			{
-				case PGRES_COMMAND_OK:
-				case PGRES_TUPLES_OK:
-					break;		/* OK */
-				default:
-					fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d: %s",
-							st->id, st->state, PQerrorMessage(st->con));
-					PQclear(res);
-					return clientDone(st, false);
-			}
-			PQclear(res);
-			discard_response(st);
-		}
-
-		if (commands[st->state + 1] == NULL)
-		{
-			if (is_connect)
-			{
-				PQfinish(st->con);
-				st->con = NULL;
-			}
-
-			++st->cnt;
-			if ((st->cnt >= nxacts && duration <= 0) || timer_exceeded)
-				return clientDone(st, true);	/* exit success */
-		}
-
-		/* increment state counter */
-		st->state++;
-		if (commands[st->state] == NULL)
-		{
-			st->state = 0;
-			st->use_file = (int) getrand(thread, 0, num_files - 1);
-			commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
-			st->is_throttled = false;
-
-			/*
-			 * No transaction is underway anymore, which means there is
-			 * nothing to listen to right now.  When throttling rate limits
-			 * are active, a sleep will happen next, as the next transaction
-			 * starts.  And then in any case the next SQL command will set
-			 * listen back to 1.
-			 */
-			st->listen = 0;
-			trans_needs_throttle = (throttle_delay > 0);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (st->con == NULL)
-	{
-		instr_time	start,
-					end;
-
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start);
-		if ((st->con = doConnect()) == NULL)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in establishing connection.\n", st->id);
-			return clientDone(st, false);
-		}
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end);
-		INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(*conn_time, end, start);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * This ensures that a throttling delay is inserted before proceeding with
-	 * sql commands, after the first transaction. The first transaction
-	 * throttling is performed when first entering doCustom.
-	 */
-	if (trans_needs_throttle)
-	{
-		trans_needs_throttle = false;
-		goto top;
-	}
-
-	/* Record transaction start time under logging, progress or throttling */
-	if ((logfile || progress || throttle_delay || latency_limit) && st->state == 0)
-	{
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(st->txn_begin);
-
-		/*
-		 * When not throttling, this is also the transaction's scheduled start
-		 * time.
-		 */
-		if (!throttle_delay)
-			st->txn_scheduled = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(st->txn_begin);
-	}
-
-	/* Record statement start time if per-command latencies are requested */
-	if (is_latencies)
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(st->stmt_begin);
-
-	if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
-	{
-		const Command *command = commands[st->state];
-		int			r;
-
-		if (querymode == QUERY_SIMPLE)
-		{
-			char	   *sql;
-
-			sql = pg_strdup(command->argv[0]);
-			sql = assignVariables(st, sql);
-
-			if (debug)
-				fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", st->id, sql);
-			r = PQsendQuery(st->con, sql);
-			free(sql);
-		}
-		else if (querymode == QUERY_EXTENDED)
-		{
-			const char *sql = command->argv[0];
-			const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
-
-			getQueryParams(st, command, params);
-
-			if (debug)
-				fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", st->id, sql);
-			r = PQsendQueryParams(st->con, sql, command->argc - 1,
-								  NULL, params, NULL, NULL, 0);
-		}
-		else if (querymode == QUERY_PREPARED)
-		{
-			char		name[MAX_PREPARE_NAME];
-			const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
-
-			if (!st->prepared[st->use_file])
-			{
-				int			j;
-
-				for (j = 0; commands[j] != NULL; j++)
-				{
-					PGresult   *res;
-					char		name[MAX_PREPARE_NAME];
-
-					if (commands[j]->type != SQL_COMMAND)
-						continue;
-					preparedStatementName(name, st->use_file, j);
-					res = PQprepare(st->con, name,
-						  commands[j]->argv[0], commands[j]->argc - 1, NULL);
-					if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
-						fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(st->con));
-					PQclear(res);
-				}
-				st->prepared[st->use_file] = true;
-			}
-
-			getQueryParams(st, command, params);
-			preparedStatementName(name, st->use_file, st->state);
-
-			if (debug)
-				fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", st->id, name);
-			r = PQsendQueryPrepared(st->con, name, command->argc - 1,
-									params, NULL, NULL, 0);
-		}
-		else	/* unknown sql mode */
-			r = 0;
-
-		if (r == 0)
-		{
-			if (debug)
-				fprintf(stderr, "client %d cannot send %s\n", st->id, command->argv[0]);
-			st->ecnt++;
-		}
-		else
-			st->listen = 1;		/* flags that should be listened */
-	}
-	else if (commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
-	{
-		int			argc = commands[st->state]->argc,
-					i;
-		char	  **argv = commands[st->state]->argv;
-
-		if (debug)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "client %d executing \\%s", st->id, argv[0]);
-			for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
-				fprintf(stderr, " %s", argv[i]);
-			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-		}
-
-		if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "setrandom") == 0)
-		{
-			char	   *var;
-			int64		min,
-						max;
-			double		threshold = 0;
-			char		res[64];
-
-			if (*argv[2] == ':')
-			{
-				if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[2] + 1)) == NULL)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[2]);
-					st->ecnt++;
-					return true;
-				}
-				min = strtoint64(var);
-			}
-			else
-				min = strtoint64(argv[2]);
-
-#ifdef NOT_USED
-			if (min < 0)
-			{
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid minimum number %d\n", argv[0], min);
-				st->ecnt++;
-				return;
-			}
-#endif
-
-			if (*argv[3] == ':')
-			{
-				if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[3] + 1)) == NULL)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[3]);
-					st->ecnt++;
-					return true;
-				}
-				max = strtoint64(var);
-			}
-			else
-				max = strtoint64(argv[3]);
-
-			if (max < min)
-			{
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: maximum is less than minimum\n", argv[0]);
-				st->ecnt++;
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			/*
-			 * Generate random number functions need to be able to subtract
-			 * max from min and add one to the result without overflowing.
-			 * Since we know max > min, we can detect overflow just by checking
-			 * for a negative result. But we must check both that the subtraction
-			 * doesn't overflow, and that adding one to the result doesn't overflow either.
-			 */
-			if (max - min < 0 || (max - min) + 1 < 0)
-			{
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: range too large\n", argv[0]);
-				st->ecnt++;
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			if (argc == 4 || /* uniform without or with "uniform" keyword */
-				(argc == 5 && pg_strcasecmp(argv[4], "uniform") == 0))
-			{
-#ifdef DEBUG
-				printf("min: " INT64_FORMAT " max: " INT64_FORMAT " random: " INT64_FORMAT "\n", min, max, getrand(thread, min, max));
-#endif
-				snprintf(res, sizeof(res), INT64_FORMAT, getrand(thread, min, max));
-			}
-			else if (argc == 6 &&
-					 ((pg_strcasecmp(argv[4], "gaussian") == 0) ||
-					  (pg_strcasecmp(argv[4], "exponential") == 0)))
-			{
-				if (*argv[5] == ':')
-				{
-					if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[5] + 1)) == NULL)
-					{
-						fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid threshold number %s\n", argv[0], argv[5]);
-						st->ecnt++;
-						return true;
-					}
-					threshold = strtod(var, NULL);
-				}
-				else
-					threshold = strtod(argv[5], NULL);
-
-				if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[4], "gaussian") == 0)
-				{
-					if (threshold < MIN_GAUSSIAN_THRESHOLD)
-					{
-						fprintf(stderr, "%s: gaussian threshold must be at least %f\n,", argv[5], MIN_GAUSSIAN_THRESHOLD);
-						st->ecnt++;
-						return true;
-					}
-#ifdef DEBUG
-					printf("min: " INT64_FORMAT " max: " INT64_FORMAT " random: " INT64_FORMAT "\n", min, max, getGaussianRand(thread, min, max, threshold));
-#endif
-					snprintf(res, sizeof(res), INT64_FORMAT, getGaussianRand(thread, min, max, threshold));
-				}
-				else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[4], "exponential") == 0)
-				{
-					if (threshold <= 0.0)
-					{
-						fprintf(stderr, "%s: exponential threshold must be strictly positive\n,", argv[5]);
-						st->ecnt++;
-						return true;
-					}
-#ifdef DEBUG
-					printf("min: " INT64_FORMAT " max: " INT64_FORMAT " random: " INT64_FORMAT "\n", min, max, getExponentialRand(thread, min, max, threshold));
-#endif
-					snprintf(res, sizeof(res), INT64_FORMAT, getExponentialRand(thread, min, max, threshold));
-				}
-			}
-			else /* this means an error somewhere in the parsing phase... */
-			{
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: unexpected arguments\n", argv[0]);
-				st->ecnt++;
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			if (!putVariable(st, argv[0], argv[1], res))
-			{
-				st->ecnt++;
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			st->listen = 1;
-		}
-		else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "set") == 0)
-		{
-			char		res[64];
-			PgBenchExpr *expr = commands[st->state]->expr;
-			int64		result;
-
-			if (!evaluateExpr(st, expr, &result))
-			{
-				st->ecnt++;
-				return true;
-			}
-			sprintf(res, INT64_FORMAT, result);
-
-			if (!putVariable(st, argv[0], argv[1], res))
-			{
-				st->ecnt++;
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			st->listen = 1;
-		}
-		else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "sleep") == 0)
-		{
-			char	   *var;
-			int			usec;
-			instr_time	now;
-
-			if (*argv[1] == ':')
-			{
-				if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[1] + 1)) == NULL)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[1]);
-					st->ecnt++;
-					return true;
-				}
-				usec = atoi(var);
-			}
-			else
-				usec = atoi(argv[1]);
-
-			if (argc > 2)
-			{
-				if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[2], "ms") == 0)
-					usec *= 1000;
-				else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[2], "s") == 0)
-					usec *= 1000000;
-			}
-			else
-				usec *= 1000000;
-
-			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
-			st->txn_scheduled = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now) + usec;
-			st->sleeping = 1;
-
-			st->listen = 1;
-		}
-		else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "setshell") == 0)
-		{
-			bool		ret = runShellCommand(st, argv[1], argv + 2, argc - 2);
-
-			if (timer_exceeded) /* timeout */
-				return clientDone(st, true);
-			else if (!ret)		/* on error */
-			{
-				st->ecnt++;
-				return true;
-			}
-			else	/* succeeded */
-				st->listen = 1;
-		}
-		else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "shell") == 0)
-		{
-			bool		ret = runShellCommand(st, NULL, argv + 1, argc - 1);
-
-			if (timer_exceeded) /* timeout */
-				return clientDone(st, true);
-			else if (!ret)		/* on error */
-			{
-				st->ecnt++;
-				return true;
-			}
-			else	/* succeeded */
-				st->listen = 1;
-		}
-		goto top;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * print log entry after completing one transaction.
- */
-static void
-doLog(TState *thread, CState *st, FILE *logfile, instr_time *now, AggVals *agg,
-	  bool skipped)
-{
-	double		lag;
-	double		latency;
-
-	/*
-	 * Skip the log entry if sampling is enabled and this row doesn't belong
-	 * to the random sample.
-	 */
-	if (sample_rate != 0.0 &&
-		pg_erand48(thread->random_state) > sample_rate)
-		return;
-
-	if (INSTR_TIME_IS_ZERO(*now))
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(*now);
-
-	latency = (double) (INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(*now) - st->txn_scheduled);
-	if (skipped)
-		lag = latency;
-	else
-		lag = (double) (INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(st->txn_begin) - st->txn_scheduled);
-
-	/* should we aggregate the results or not? */
-	if (agg_interval > 0)
-	{
-		/*
-		 * Are we still in the same interval? If yes, accumulate the values
-		 * (print them otherwise)
-		 */
-		if (agg->start_time + agg_interval >= INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(*now))
-		{
-			agg->cnt += 1;
-			if (skipped)
-			{
-				/* there is no latency to record if the transaction was skipped */
-				agg->skipped += 1;
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				agg->sum_latency += latency;
-				agg->sum2_latency += latency * latency;
-
-				/* first in this aggregation interval */
-				if ((agg->cnt == 1) || (latency < agg->min_latency))
-					agg->min_latency = latency;
-
-				if ((agg->cnt == 1) || (latency > agg->max_latency))
-					agg->max_latency = latency;
-
-				/* and the same for schedule lag */
-				if (throttle_delay)
-				{
-					agg->sum_lag += lag;
-					agg->sum2_lag += lag * lag;
-
-					if ((agg->cnt == 1) || (lag < agg->min_lag))
-						agg->min_lag = lag;
-					if ((agg->cnt == 1) || (lag > agg->max_lag))
-						agg->max_lag = lag;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			/*
-			 * Loop until we reach the interval of the current transaction
-			 * (and print all the empty intervals in between).
-			 */
-			while (agg->start_time + agg_interval < INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(*now))
-			{
-				/*
-				 * This is a non-Windows branch (thanks to the
-				 * ifdef in usage), so we don't need to handle
-				 * this in a special way (see below).
-				 */
-				fprintf(logfile, "%ld %d %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f",
-						agg->start_time,
-						agg->cnt,
-						agg->sum_latency,
-						agg->sum2_latency,
-						agg->min_latency,
-						agg->max_latency);
-				if (throttle_delay)
-				{
-					fprintf(logfile, " %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f",
-							agg->sum_lag,
-							agg->sum2_lag,
-							agg->min_lag,
-							agg->max_lag);
-					if (latency_limit)
-						fprintf(logfile, " %d", agg->skipped);
-				}
-				fputc('\n', logfile);
-
-				/* move to the next inteval */
-				agg->start_time = agg->start_time + agg_interval;
-
-				/* reset for "no transaction" intervals */
-				agg->cnt = 0;
-				agg->skipped = 0;
-				agg->min_latency = 0;
-				agg->max_latency = 0;
-				agg->sum_latency = 0;
-				agg->sum2_latency = 0;
-				agg->min_lag = 0;
-				agg->max_lag = 0;
-				agg->sum_lag = 0;
-				agg->sum2_lag = 0;
-			}
-
-			/* reset the values to include only the current transaction. */
-			agg->cnt = 1;
-			agg->skipped = skipped ? 1 : 0;
-			agg->min_latency = latency;
-			agg->max_latency = latency;
-			agg->sum_latency = skipped ? 0.0 : latency;
-			agg->sum2_latency = skipped ? 0.0 : latency * latency;
-			agg->min_lag = lag;
-			agg->max_lag = lag;
-			agg->sum_lag = lag;
-			agg->sum2_lag = lag * lag;
-		}
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		/* no, print raw transactions */
-#ifndef WIN32
-
-		/* This is more than we really ought to know about instr_time */
-		if (skipped)
-			fprintf(logfile, "%d %d skipped %d %ld %ld",
-					st->id, st->cnt, st->use_file,
-					(long) now->tv_sec, (long) now->tv_usec);
-		else
-			fprintf(logfile, "%d %d %.0f %d %ld %ld",
-					st->id, st->cnt, latency, st->use_file,
-					(long) now->tv_sec, (long) now->tv_usec);
-#else
-
-		/* On Windows, instr_time doesn't provide a timestamp anyway */
-		if (skipped)
-			fprintf(logfile, "%d %d skipped %d 0 0",
-					st->id, st->cnt, st->use_file);
-		else
-			fprintf(logfile, "%d %d %.0f %d 0 0",
-					st->id, st->cnt, latency, st->use_file);
-#endif
-		if (throttle_delay)
-			fprintf(logfile, " %.0f", lag);
-		fputc('\n', logfile);
-	}
-}
-
-/* discard connections */
-static void
-disconnect_all(CState *state, int length)
-{
-	int			i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
-	{
-		if (state[i].con)
-		{
-			PQfinish(state[i].con);
-			state[i].con = NULL;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/* create tables and setup data */
-static void
-init(bool is_no_vacuum)
-{
-/*
- * The scale factor at/beyond which 32-bit integers are insufficient for
- * storing TPC-B account IDs.
- *
- * Although the actual threshold is 21474, we use 20000 because it is easier to
- * document and remember, and isn't that far away from the real threshold.
- */
-#define SCALE_32BIT_THRESHOLD 20000
-
-	/*
-	 * Note: TPC-B requires at least 100 bytes per row, and the "filler"
-	 * fields in these table declarations were intended to comply with that.
-	 * The pgbench_accounts table complies with that because the "filler"
-	 * column is set to blank-padded empty string. But for all other tables
-	 * the columns default to NULL and so don't actually take any space.  We
-	 * could fix that by giving them non-null default values.  However, that
-	 * would completely break comparability of pgbench results with prior
-	 * versions. Since pgbench has never pretended to be fully TPC-B compliant
-	 * anyway, we stick with the historical behavior.
-	 */
-	struct ddlinfo
-	{
-		const char *table;		/* table name */
-		const char *smcols;		/* column decls if accountIDs are 32 bits */
-		const char *bigcols;	/* column decls if accountIDs are 64 bits */
-		int			declare_fillfactor;
-	};
-	static const struct ddlinfo DDLs[] = {
-		{
-			"pgbench_history",
-			"tid int,bid int,aid    int,delta int,mtime timestamp,filler char(22)",
-			"tid int,bid int,aid bigint,delta int,mtime timestamp,filler char(22)",
-			0
-		},
-		{
-			"pgbench_tellers",
-			"tid int not null,bid int,tbalance int,filler char(84)",
-			"tid int not null,bid int,tbalance int,filler char(84)",
-			1
-		},
-		{
-			"pgbench_accounts",
-			"aid    int not null,bid int,abalance int,filler char(84)",
-			"aid bigint not null,bid int,abalance int,filler char(84)",
-			1
-		},
-		{
-			"pgbench_branches",
-			"bid int not null,bbalance int,filler char(88)",
-			"bid int not null,bbalance int,filler char(88)",
-			1
-		}
-	};
-	static const char *const DDLINDEXes[] = {
-		"alter table pgbench_branches add primary key (bid)",
-		"alter table pgbench_tellers add primary key (tid)",
-		"alter table pgbench_accounts add primary key (aid)"
-	};
-	static const char *const DDLKEYs[] = {
-		"alter table pgbench_tellers add foreign key (bid) references pgbench_branches",
-		"alter table pgbench_accounts add foreign key (bid) references pgbench_branches",
-		"alter table pgbench_history add foreign key (bid) references pgbench_branches",
-		"alter table pgbench_history add foreign key (tid) references pgbench_tellers",
-		"alter table pgbench_history add foreign key (aid) references pgbench_accounts"
-	};
-
-	PGconn	   *con;
-	PGresult   *res;
-	char		sql[256];
-	int			i;
-	int64		k;
-
-	/* used to track elapsed time and estimate of the remaining time */
-	instr_time	start,
-				diff;
-	double		elapsed_sec,
-				remaining_sec;
-	int			log_interval = 1;
-
-	if ((con = doConnect()) == NULL)
-		exit(1);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLs); i++)
-	{
-		char		opts[256];
-		char		buffer[256];
-		const struct ddlinfo *ddl = &DDLs[i];
-		const char *cols;
-
-		/* Remove old table, if it exists. */
-		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "drop table if exists %s", ddl->table);
-		executeStatement(con, buffer);
-
-		/* Construct new create table statement. */
-		opts[0] = '\0';
-		if (ddl->declare_fillfactor)
-			snprintf(opts + strlen(opts), sizeof(opts) - strlen(opts),
-					 " with (fillfactor=%d)", fillfactor);
-		if (tablespace != NULL)
-		{
-			char	   *escape_tablespace;
-
-			escape_tablespace = PQescapeIdentifier(con, tablespace,
-												   strlen(tablespace));
-			snprintf(opts + strlen(opts), sizeof(opts) - strlen(opts),
-					 " tablespace %s", escape_tablespace);
-			PQfreemem(escape_tablespace);
-		}
-
-		cols = (scale >= SCALE_32BIT_THRESHOLD) ? ddl->bigcols : ddl->smcols;
-
-		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "create%s table %s(%s)%s",
-				 unlogged_tables ? " unlogged" : "",
-				 ddl->table, cols, opts);
-
-		executeStatement(con, buffer);
-	}
-
-	executeStatement(con, "begin");
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nbranches * scale; i++)
-	{
-		/* "filler" column defaults to NULL */
-		snprintf(sql, sizeof(sql),
-				 "insert into pgbench_branches(bid,bbalance) values(%d,0)",
-				 i + 1);
-		executeStatement(con, sql);
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ntellers * scale; i++)
-	{
-		/* "filler" column defaults to NULL */
-		snprintf(sql, sizeof(sql),
-			"insert into pgbench_tellers(tid,bid,tbalance) values (%d,%d,0)",
-				 i + 1, i / ntellers + 1);
-		executeStatement(con, sql);
-	}
-
-	executeStatement(con, "commit");
-
-	/*
-	 * fill the pgbench_accounts table with some data
-	 */
-	fprintf(stderr, "creating tables...\n");
-
-	executeStatement(con, "begin");
-	executeStatement(con, "truncate pgbench_accounts");
-
-	res = PQexec(con, "copy pgbench_accounts from stdin");
-	if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COPY_IN)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
-		exit(1);
-	}
-	PQclear(res);
-
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start);
-
-	for (k = 0; k < (int64) naccounts * scale; k++)
-	{
-		int64		j = k + 1;
-
-		/* "filler" column defaults to blank padded empty string */
-		snprintf(sql, sizeof(sql),
-				 INT64_FORMAT "\t" INT64_FORMAT "\t%d\t\n",
-				 j, k / naccounts + 1, 0);
-		if (PQputline(con, sql))
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "PQputline failed\n");
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * If we want to stick with the original logging, print a message each
-		 * 100k inserted rows.
-		 */
-		if ((!use_quiet) && (j % 100000 == 0))
-		{
-			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(diff);
-			INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(diff, start);
-
-			elapsed_sec = INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(diff);
-			remaining_sec = ((double) scale * naccounts - j) * elapsed_sec / j;
-
-			fprintf(stderr, INT64_FORMAT " of " INT64_FORMAT " tuples (%d%%) done (elapsed %.2f s, remaining %.2f s)\n",
-					j, (int64) naccounts * scale,
-					(int) (((int64) j * 100) / (naccounts * (int64) scale)),
-					elapsed_sec, remaining_sec);
-		}
-		/* let's not call the timing for each row, but only each 100 rows */
-		else if (use_quiet && (j % 100 == 0))
-		{
-			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(diff);
-			INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(diff, start);
-
-			elapsed_sec = INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(diff);
-			remaining_sec = ((double) scale * naccounts - j) * elapsed_sec / j;
-
-			/* have we reached the next interval (or end)? */
-			if ((j == scale * naccounts) || (elapsed_sec >= log_interval * LOG_STEP_SECONDS))
-			{
-				fprintf(stderr, INT64_FORMAT " of " INT64_FORMAT " tuples (%d%%) done (elapsed %.2f s, remaining %.2f s)\n",
-						j, (int64) naccounts * scale,
-						(int) (((int64) j * 100) / (naccounts * (int64) scale)), elapsed_sec, remaining_sec);
-
-				/* skip to the next interval */
-				log_interval = (int) ceil(elapsed_sec / LOG_STEP_SECONDS);
-			}
-		}
-
-	}
-	if (PQputline(con, "\\.\n"))
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "very last PQputline failed\n");
-		exit(1);
-	}
-	if (PQendcopy(con))
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "PQendcopy failed\n");
-		exit(1);
-	}
-	executeStatement(con, "commit");
-
-	/* vacuum */
-	if (!is_no_vacuum)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "vacuum...\n");
-		executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_branches");
-		executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_tellers");
-		executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_accounts");
-		executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_history");
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * create indexes
-	 */
-	fprintf(stderr, "set primary keys...\n");
-	for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLINDEXes); i++)
-	{
-		char		buffer[256];
-
-		strlcpy(buffer, DDLINDEXes[i], sizeof(buffer));
-
-		if (index_tablespace != NULL)
-		{
-			char	   *escape_tablespace;
-
-			escape_tablespace = PQescapeIdentifier(con, index_tablespace,
-												   strlen(index_tablespace));
-			snprintf(buffer + strlen(buffer), sizeof(buffer) - strlen(buffer),
-					 " using index tablespace %s", escape_tablespace);
-			PQfreemem(escape_tablespace);
-		}
-
-		executeStatement(con, buffer);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * create foreign keys
-	 */
-	if (foreign_keys)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "set foreign keys...\n");
-		for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLKEYs); i++)
-		{
-			executeStatement(con, DDLKEYs[i]);
-		}
-	}
-
-	fprintf(stderr, "done.\n");
-	PQfinish(con);
-}
-
-/*
- * Parse the raw sql and replace :param to $n.
- */
-static bool
-parseQuery(Command *cmd, const char *raw_sql)
-{
-	char	   *sql,
-			   *p;
-
-	sql = pg_strdup(raw_sql);
-	cmd->argc = 1;
-
-	p = sql;
-	while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
-	{
-		char		var[12];
-		char	   *name;
-		int			eaten;
-
-		name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
-		if (name == NULL)
-		{
-			while (*p == ':')
-			{
-				p++;
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (cmd->argc >= MAX_ARGS)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "statement has too many arguments (maximum is %d): %s\n", MAX_ARGS - 1, raw_sql);
-			pg_free(name);
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		sprintf(var, "$%d", cmd->argc);
-		p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, var);
-
-		cmd->argv[cmd->argc] = name;
-		cmd->argc++;
-	}
-
-	cmd->argv[0] = sql;
-	return true;
-}
-
-void
-syntax_error(const char *source, const int lineno,
-			 const char *line, const char *command,
-			 const char *msg, const char *more, const int column)
-{
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: %s", source, lineno, msg);
-	if (more != NULL)
-		fprintf(stderr, " (%s)", more);
-	if (column != -1)
-		fprintf(stderr, " at column %d", column);
-	fprintf(stderr, " in command \"%s\"\n", command);
-	if (line != NULL)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", line);
-		if (column != -1)
-		{
-			int i;
-
-			for (i = 0; i < column - 1; i++)
-				fprintf(stderr, " ");
-			fprintf(stderr, "^ error found here\n");
-		}
-	}
-	exit(1);
-}
-
-/* Parse a command; return a Command struct, or NULL if it's a comment */
-static Command *
-process_commands(char *buf, const char *source, const int lineno)
-{
-	const char	delim[] = " \f\n\r\t\v";
-
-	Command    *my_commands;
-	int			j;
-	char	   *p,
-			   *tok;
-
-	/* Make the string buf end at the next newline */
-	if ((p = strchr(buf, '\n')) != NULL)
-		*p = '\0';
-
-	/* Skip leading whitespace */
-	p = buf;
-	while (isspace((unsigned char) *p))
-		p++;
-
-	/* If the line is empty or actually a comment, we're done */
-	if (*p == '\0' || strncmp(p, "--", 2) == 0)
-		return NULL;
-
-	/* Allocate and initialize Command structure */
-	my_commands = (Command *) pg_malloc(sizeof(Command));
-	my_commands->line = pg_strdup(buf);
-	my_commands->command_num = num_commands++;
-	my_commands->type = 0;		/* until set */
-	my_commands->argc = 0;
-
-	if (*p == '\\')
-	{
-		int		max_args = -1;
-		my_commands->type = META_COMMAND;
-
-		j = 0;
-		tok = strtok(++p, delim);
-
-		if (tok != NULL && pg_strcasecmp(tok, "set") == 0)
-			max_args = 2;
-
-		while (tok != NULL)
-		{
-			my_commands->cols[j] = tok - buf + 1;
-			my_commands->argv[j++] = pg_strdup(tok);
-			my_commands->argc++;
-			if (max_args >= 0 && my_commands->argc >= max_args)
-				tok = strtok(NULL, "");
-			else
-				tok = strtok(NULL, delim);
-		}
-
-		if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "setrandom") == 0)
-		{
-			/* parsing:
-			 * \setrandom variable min max [uniform]
-			 * \setrandom variable min max (gaussian|exponential) threshold
-			 */
-
-			if (my_commands->argc < 4)
-			{
-				syntax_error(source, lineno, my_commands->line, my_commands->argv[0],
-							 "missing arguments", NULL, -1);
-			}
-
-			/* argc >= 4 */
-
-			if (my_commands->argc == 4 || /* uniform without/with "uniform" keyword */
-				(my_commands->argc == 5 &&
-				 pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[4], "uniform") == 0))
-			{
-				/* nothing to do */
-			}
-			else if (/* argc >= 5 */
-					 (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[4], "gaussian") == 0) ||
-					 (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[4], "exponential") == 0))
-			{
-				if (my_commands->argc < 6)
-				{
-					syntax_error(source, lineno, my_commands->line, my_commands->argv[0],
-								 "missing threshold argument", my_commands->argv[4], -1);
-				}
-				else if (my_commands->argc > 6)
-				{
-					syntax_error(source, lineno, my_commands->line, my_commands->argv[0],
-								 "too many arguments", my_commands->argv[4],
-								 my_commands->cols[6]);
-				}
-			}
-			else /* cannot parse, unexpected arguments */
-			{
-				syntax_error(source, lineno, my_commands->line, my_commands->argv[0],
-							 "unexpected argument", my_commands->argv[4],
-							 my_commands->cols[4]);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "set") == 0)
-		{
-			if (my_commands->argc < 3)
-			{
-				syntax_error(source, lineno, my_commands->line, my_commands->argv[0],
-							 "missing argument", NULL, -1);
-			}
-
-			expr_scanner_init(my_commands->argv[2], source, lineno,
-							  my_commands->line, my_commands->argv[0],
-							  my_commands->cols[2] - 1);
-
-			if (expr_yyparse() != 0)
-			{
-				/* dead code: exit done from syntax_error called by yyerror */
-				exit(1);
-			}
-
-			my_commands->expr = expr_parse_result;
-
-			expr_scanner_finish();
-		}
-		else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "sleep") == 0)
-		{
-			if (my_commands->argc < 2)
-			{
-				syntax_error(source, lineno, my_commands->line, my_commands->argv[0],
-							 "missing argument", NULL, -1);
-			}
-
-			/*
-			 * Split argument into number and unit to allow "sleep 1ms" etc.
-			 * We don't have to terminate the number argument with null
-			 * because it will be parsed with atoi, which ignores trailing
-			 * non-digit characters.
-			 */
-			if (my_commands->argv[1][0] != ':')
-			{
-				char	   *c = my_commands->argv[1];
-
-				while (isdigit((unsigned char) *c))
-					c++;
-				if (*c)
-				{
-					my_commands->argv[2] = c;
-					if (my_commands->argc < 3)
-						my_commands->argc = 3;
-				}
-			}
-
-			if (my_commands->argc >= 3)
-			{
-				if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "us") != 0 &&
-					pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "ms") != 0 &&
-					pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "s") != 0)
-				{
-					syntax_error(source, lineno, my_commands->line, my_commands->argv[0],
-								 "unknown time unit, must be us, ms or s",
-								 my_commands->argv[2], my_commands->cols[2]);
-				}
-			}
-
-			/* this should be an error?! */
-			for (j = 3; j < my_commands->argc; j++)
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: extra argument \"%s\" ignored\n",
-						my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[j]);
-		}
-		else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "setshell") == 0)
-		{
-			if (my_commands->argc < 3)
-			{
-				syntax_error(source, lineno, my_commands->line, my_commands->argv[0],
-							 "missing argument", NULL, -1);
-			}
-		}
-		else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "shell") == 0)
-		{
-			if (my_commands->argc < 1)
-			{
-				syntax_error(source, lineno, my_commands->line, my_commands->argv[0],
-							 "missing command", NULL, -1);
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			syntax_error(source, lineno, my_commands->line, my_commands->argv[0],
-						 "invalid command", NULL, -1);
-		}
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		my_commands->type = SQL_COMMAND;
-
-		switch (querymode)
-		{
-			case QUERY_SIMPLE:
-				my_commands->argv[0] = pg_strdup(p);
-				my_commands->argc++;
-				break;
-			case QUERY_EXTENDED:
-			case QUERY_PREPARED:
-				if (!parseQuery(my_commands, p))
-					exit(1);
-				break;
-			default:
-				exit(1);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return my_commands;
-}
-
-/*
- * Read a line from fd, and return it in a malloc'd buffer.
- * Return NULL at EOF.
- *
- * The buffer will typically be larger than necessary, but we don't care
- * in this program, because we'll free it as soon as we've parsed the line.
- */
-static char *
-read_line_from_file(FILE *fd)
-{
-	char		tmpbuf[BUFSIZ];
-	char	   *buf;
-	size_t		buflen = BUFSIZ;
-	size_t		used = 0;
-
-	buf = (char *) palloc(buflen);
-	buf[0] = '\0';
-
-	while (fgets(tmpbuf, BUFSIZ, fd) != NULL)
-	{
-		size_t		thislen = strlen(tmpbuf);
-
-		/* Append tmpbuf to whatever we had already */
-		memcpy(buf + used, tmpbuf, thislen + 1);
-		used += thislen;
-
-		/* Done if we collected a newline */
-		if (thislen > 0 && tmpbuf[thislen - 1] == '\n')
-			break;
-
-		/* Else, enlarge buf to ensure we can append next bufferload */
-		buflen += BUFSIZ;
-		buf = (char *) pg_realloc(buf, buflen);
-	}
-
-	if (used > 0)
-		return buf;
-
-	/* Reached EOF */
-	free(buf);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static int
-process_file(char *filename)
-{
-#define COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM 128
-
-	Command   **my_commands;
-	FILE	   *fd;
-	int			lineno, index;
-	char	   *buf;
-	int			alloc_num;
-
-	if (num_files >= MAX_FILES)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "Up to only %d SQL files are allowed\n", MAX_FILES);
-		exit(1);
-	}
-
-	alloc_num = COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
-	my_commands = (Command **) pg_malloc(sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
-
-	if (strcmp(filename, "-") == 0)
-		fd = stdin;
-	else if ((fd = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
-		pg_free(my_commands);
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	lineno = 0;
-	index = 0;
-
-	while ((buf = read_line_from_file(fd)) != NULL)
-	{
-		Command    *command;
-		lineno += 1;
-
-		command = process_commands(buf, filename, lineno);
-
-		free(buf);
-
-		if (command == NULL)
-			continue;
-
-		my_commands[index] = command;
-		index++;
-
-		if (index >= alloc_num)
-		{
-			alloc_num += COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
-			my_commands = pg_realloc(my_commands, sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
-		}
-	}
-	fclose(fd);
-
-	my_commands[index] = NULL;
-
-	sql_files[num_files++] = my_commands;
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-static Command **
-process_builtin(char *tb, const char *source)
-{
-#define COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM 128
-
-	Command   **my_commands;
-	int			lineno, index;
-	char		buf[BUFSIZ];
-	int			alloc_num;
-
-	alloc_num = COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
-	my_commands = (Command **) pg_malloc(sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
-
-	lineno = 0;
-	index = 0;
-
-	for (;;)
-	{
-		char	   *p;
-		Command    *command;
-
-		p = buf;
-		while (*tb && *tb != '\n')
-			*p++ = *tb++;
-
-		if (*tb == '\0')
-			break;
-
-		if (*tb == '\n')
-			tb++;
-
-		*p = '\0';
-
-		lineno += 1;
-
-		command = process_commands(buf, source, lineno);
-		if (command == NULL)
-			continue;
-
-		my_commands[index] = command;
-		index++;
-
-		if (index >= alloc_num)
-		{
-			alloc_num += COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
-			my_commands = pg_realloc(my_commands, sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
-		}
-	}
-
-	my_commands[index] = NULL;
-
-	return my_commands;
-}
-
-/* print out results */
-static void
-printResults(int ttype, int64 normal_xacts, int nclients,
-			 TState *threads, int nthreads,
-			 instr_time total_time, instr_time conn_total_time,
-			 int64 total_latencies, int64 total_sqlats,
-			 int64 throttle_lag, int64 throttle_lag_max,
-			 int64 throttle_latency_skipped, int64 latency_late)
-{
-	double		time_include,
-				tps_include,
-				tps_exclude;
-	char	   *s;
-
-	time_include = INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(total_time);
-	tps_include = normal_xacts / time_include;
-	tps_exclude = normal_xacts / (time_include -
-						(INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(conn_total_time) / nthreads));
-
-	if (ttype == 0)
-		s = "TPC-B (sort of)";
-	else if (ttype == 2)
-		s = "Update only pgbench_accounts";
-	else if (ttype == 1)
-		s = "SELECT only";
-	else
-		s = "Custom query";
-
-	printf("transaction type: %s\n", s);
-	printf("scaling factor: %d\n", scale);
-	printf("query mode: %s\n", QUERYMODE[querymode]);
-	printf("number of clients: %d\n", nclients);
-	printf("number of threads: %d\n", nthreads);
-	if (duration <= 0)
-	{
-		printf("number of transactions per client: %d\n", nxacts);
-		printf("number of transactions actually processed: " INT64_FORMAT "/" INT64_FORMAT "\n",
-			   normal_xacts, (int64) nxacts * nclients);
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		printf("duration: %d s\n", duration);
-		printf("number of transactions actually processed: " INT64_FORMAT "\n",
-			   normal_xacts);
-	}
-
-	/* Remaining stats are nonsensical if we failed to execute any xacts */
-	if (normal_xacts <= 0)
-		return;
-
-	if (throttle_delay && latency_limit)
-		printf("number of transactions skipped: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f %%)\n",
-			   throttle_latency_skipped,
-			   100.0 * throttle_latency_skipped / (throttle_latency_skipped + normal_xacts));
-
-	if (latency_limit)
-		printf("number of transactions above the %.1f ms latency limit: " INT64_FORMAT " (%.3f %%)\n",
-			   latency_limit / 1000.0, latency_late,
-			   100.0 * latency_late / (throttle_latency_skipped + normal_xacts));
-
-	if (throttle_delay || progress || latency_limit)
-	{
-		/* compute and show latency average and standard deviation */
-		double		latency = 0.001 * total_latencies / normal_xacts;
-		double		sqlat = (double) total_sqlats / normal_xacts;
-
-		printf("latency average: %.3f ms\n"
-			   "latency stddev: %.3f ms\n",
-			   latency, 0.001 * sqrt(sqlat - 1000000.0 * latency * latency));
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		/* only an average latency computed from the duration is available */
-		printf("latency average: %.3f ms\n",
-			   1000.0 * duration * nclients / normal_xacts);
-	}
-
-	if (throttle_delay)
-	{
-		/*
-		 * Report average transaction lag under rate limit throttling.  This
-		 * is the delay between scheduled and actual start times for the
-		 * transaction.  The measured lag may be caused by thread/client load,
-		 * the database load, or the Poisson throttling process.
-		 */
-		printf("rate limit schedule lag: avg %.3f (max %.3f) ms\n",
-			   0.001 * throttle_lag / normal_xacts, 0.001 * throttle_lag_max);
-	}
-
-	printf("tps = %f (including connections establishing)\n", tps_include);
-	printf("tps = %f (excluding connections establishing)\n", tps_exclude);
-
-	/* Report per-command latencies */
-	if (is_latencies)
-	{
-		int			i;
-
-		for (i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
-		{
-			Command   **commands;
-
-			if (num_files > 1)
-				printf("statement latencies in milliseconds, file %d:\n", i + 1);
-			else
-				printf("statement latencies in milliseconds:\n");
-
-			for (commands = sql_files[i]; *commands != NULL; commands++)
-			{
-				Command    *command = *commands;
-				int			cnum = command->command_num;
-				double		total_time;
-				instr_time	total_exec_elapsed;
-				int			total_exec_count;
-				int			t;
-
-				/* Accumulate per-thread data for command */
-				INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(total_exec_elapsed);
-				total_exec_count = 0;
-				for (t = 0; t < nthreads; t++)
-				{
-					TState	   *thread = &threads[t];
-
-					INSTR_TIME_ADD(total_exec_elapsed,
-								   thread->exec_elapsed[cnum]);
-					total_exec_count += thread->exec_count[cnum];
-				}
-
-				if (total_exec_count > 0)
-					total_time = INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(total_exec_elapsed) / (double) total_exec_count;
-				else
-					total_time = 0.0;
-
-				printf("\t%f\t%s\n", total_time, command->line);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
-int
-main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-	static struct option long_options[] = {
-		/* systematic long/short named options */
-		{"client", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
-		{"connect", no_argument, NULL, 'C'},
-		{"debug", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
-		{"define", required_argument, NULL, 'D'},
-		{"file", required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
-		{"fillfactor", required_argument, NULL, 'F'},
-		{"host", required_argument, NULL, 'h'},
-		{"initialize", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
-		{"jobs", required_argument, NULL, 'j'},
-		{"log", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
-		{"no-vacuum", no_argument, NULL, 'n'},
-		{"port", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
-		{"progress", required_argument, NULL, 'P'},
-		{"protocol", required_argument, NULL, 'M'},
-		{"quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q'},
-		{"report-latencies", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},
-		{"scale", required_argument, NULL, 's'},
-		{"select-only", no_argument, NULL, 'S'},
-		{"skip-some-updates", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
-		{"time", required_argument, NULL, 'T'},
-		{"transactions", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
-		{"username", required_argument, NULL, 'U'},
-		{"vacuum-all", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
-		/* long-named only options */
-		{"foreign-keys", no_argument, &foreign_keys, 1},
-		{"index-tablespace", required_argument, NULL, 3},
-		{"tablespace", required_argument, NULL, 2},
-		{"unlogged-tables", no_argument, &unlogged_tables, 1},
-		{"sampling-rate", required_argument, NULL, 4},
-		{"aggregate-interval", required_argument, NULL, 5},
-		{"rate", required_argument, NULL, 'R'},
-		{"latency-limit", required_argument, NULL, 'L'},
-		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
-	};
-
-	int			c;
-	int			nclients = 1;	/* default number of simulated clients */
-	int			nthreads = 1;	/* default number of threads */
-	int			is_init_mode = 0;		/* initialize mode? */
-	int			is_no_vacuum = 0;		/* no vacuum at all before testing? */
-	int			do_vacuum_accounts = 0; /* do vacuum accounts before testing? */
-	int			ttype = 0;		/* transaction type. 0: TPC-B, 1: SELECT only,
-								 * 2: skip update of branches and tellers */
-	int			optindex;
-	char	   *filename = NULL;
-	bool		scale_given = false;
-
-	bool		benchmarking_option_set = false;
-	bool		initialization_option_set = false;
-
-	CState	   *state;			/* status of clients */
-	TState	   *threads;		/* array of thread */
-
-	instr_time	start_time;		/* start up time */
-	instr_time	total_time;
-	instr_time	conn_total_time;
-	int64		total_xacts = 0;
-	int64		total_latencies = 0;
-	int64		total_sqlats = 0;
-	int64		throttle_lag = 0;
-	int64		throttle_lag_max = 0;
-	int64		throttle_latency_skipped = 0;
-	int64		latency_late = 0;
-
-	int			i;
-
-#ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
-	struct rlimit rlim;
-#endif
-
-	PGconn	   *con;
-	PGresult   *res;
-	char	   *env;
-
-	char		val[64];
-
-	progname = get_progname(argv[0]);
-
-	if (argc > 1)
-	{
-		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
-		{
-			usage();
-			exit(0);
-		}
-		if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
-		{
-			puts("pgbench (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
-			exit(0);
-		}
-	}
-
-#ifdef WIN32
-	/* stderr is buffered on Win32. */
-	setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
-#endif
-
-	if ((env = getenv("PGHOST")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
-		pghost = env;
-	if ((env = getenv("PGPORT")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
-		pgport = env;
-	else if ((env = getenv("PGUSER")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
-		login = env;
-
-	state = (CState *) pg_malloc(sizeof(CState));
-	memset(state, 0, sizeof(CState));
-
-	while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ih:nvp:dqSNc:j:Crs:t:T:U:lf:D:F:M:P:R:L:", long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
-	{
-		switch (c)
-		{
-			case 'i':
-				is_init_mode++;
-				break;
-			case 'h':
-				pghost = pg_strdup(optarg);
-				break;
-			case 'n':
-				is_no_vacuum++;
-				break;
-			case 'v':
-				do_vacuum_accounts++;
-				break;
-			case 'p':
-				pgport = pg_strdup(optarg);
-				break;
-			case 'd':
-				debug++;
-				break;
-			case 'S':
-				ttype = 1;
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				break;
-			case 'N':
-				ttype = 2;
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				break;
-			case 'c':
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				nclients = atoi(optarg);
-				if (nclients <= 0 || nclients > MAXCLIENTS)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of clients: %d\n", nclients);
-					exit(1);
-				}
-#ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
-#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE			/* most platforms use RLIMIT_NOFILE */
-				if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) == -1)
-#else							/* but BSD doesn't ... */
-				if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_OFILE, &rlim) == -1)
-#endif   /* RLIMIT_NOFILE */
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "getrlimit failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				if (rlim.rlim_cur <= (nclients + 2))
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "You need at least %d open files but you are only allowed to use %ld.\n", nclients + 2, (long) rlim.rlim_cur);
-					fprintf(stderr, "Use limit/ulimit to increase the limit before using pgbench.\n");
-					exit(1);
-				}
-#endif   /* HAVE_GETRLIMIT */
-				break;
-			case 'j':			/* jobs */
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				nthreads = atoi(optarg);
-				if (nthreads <= 0)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of threads: %d\n", nthreads);
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				break;
-			case 'C':
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				is_connect = true;
-				break;
-			case 'r':
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				is_latencies = true;
-				break;
-			case 's':
-				scale_given = true;
-				scale = atoi(optarg);
-				if (scale <= 0)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "invalid scaling factor: %d\n", scale);
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				break;
-			case 't':
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				if (duration > 0)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "specify either a number of transactions (-t) or a duration (-T), not both.\n");
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				nxacts = atoi(optarg);
-				if (nxacts <= 0)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of transactions: %d\n", nxacts);
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				break;
-			case 'T':
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				if (nxacts > 0)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "specify either a number of transactions (-t) or a duration (-T), not both.\n");
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				duration = atoi(optarg);
-				if (duration <= 0)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "invalid duration: %d\n", duration);
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				break;
-			case 'U':
-				login = pg_strdup(optarg);
-				break;
-			case 'l':
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				use_log = true;
-				break;
-			case 'q':
-				initialization_option_set = true;
-				use_quiet = true;
-				break;
-			case 'f':
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				ttype = 3;
-				filename = pg_strdup(optarg);
-				if (process_file(filename) == false || *sql_files[num_files - 1] == NULL)
-					exit(1);
-				break;
-			case 'D':
-				{
-					char	   *p;
-
-					benchmarking_option_set = true;
-
-					if ((p = strchr(optarg, '=')) == NULL || p == optarg || *(p + 1) == '\0')
-					{
-						fprintf(stderr, "invalid variable definition: %s\n", optarg);
-						exit(1);
-					}
-
-					*p++ = '\0';
-					if (!putVariable(&state[0], "option", optarg, p))
-						exit(1);
-				}
-				break;
-			case 'F':
-				initialization_option_set = true;
-				fillfactor = atoi(optarg);
-				if ((fillfactor < 10) || (fillfactor > 100))
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "invalid fillfactor: %d\n", fillfactor);
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				break;
-			case 'M':
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				if (num_files > 0)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "query mode (-M) should be specified before transaction scripts (-f)\n");
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				for (querymode = 0; querymode < NUM_QUERYMODE; querymode++)
-					if (strcmp(optarg, QUERYMODE[querymode]) == 0)
-						break;
-				if (querymode >= NUM_QUERYMODE)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "invalid query mode (-M): %s\n", optarg);
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				break;
-			case 'P':
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				progress = atoi(optarg);
-				if (progress <= 0)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr,
-						"thread progress delay (-P) must be positive (%s)\n",
-							optarg);
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				break;
-			case 'R':
-				{
-					/* get a double from the beginning of option value */
-					double		throttle_value = atof(optarg);
-
-					benchmarking_option_set = true;
-
-					if (throttle_value <= 0.0)
-					{
-						fprintf(stderr, "invalid rate limit: %s\n", optarg);
-						exit(1);
-					}
-					/* Invert rate limit into a time offset */
-					throttle_delay = (int64) (1000000.0 / throttle_value);
-				}
-				break;
-			case 'L':
-				{
-					double limit_ms = atof(optarg);
-					if (limit_ms <= 0.0)
-					{
-						fprintf(stderr, "invalid latency limit: %s\n", optarg);
-						exit(1);
-					}
-					benchmarking_option_set = true;
-					latency_limit = (int64) (limit_ms * 1000);
-				}
-				break;
-			case 0:
-				/* This covers long options which take no argument. */
-				if (foreign_keys || unlogged_tables)
-					initialization_option_set = true;
-				break;
-			case 2:				/* tablespace */
-				initialization_option_set = true;
-				tablespace = pg_strdup(optarg);
-				break;
-			case 3:				/* index-tablespace */
-				initialization_option_set = true;
-				index_tablespace = pg_strdup(optarg);
-				break;
-			case 4:
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				sample_rate = atof(optarg);
-				if (sample_rate <= 0.0 || sample_rate > 1.0)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "invalid sampling rate: %f\n", sample_rate);
-					exit(1);
-				}
-				break;
-			case 5:
-#ifdef WIN32
-				fprintf(stderr, "--aggregate-interval is not currently supported on Windows");
-				exit(1);
-#else
-				benchmarking_option_set = true;
-				agg_interval = atoi(optarg);
-				if (agg_interval <= 0)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of seconds for aggregation: %d\n", agg_interval);
-					exit(1);
-				}
-#endif
-				break;
-			default:
-				fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"), progname);
-				exit(1);
-				break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* compute a per thread delay */
-	throttle_delay *= nthreads;
-
-	if (argc > optind)
-		dbName = argv[optind];
-	else
-	{
-		if ((env = getenv("PGDATABASE")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
-			dbName = env;
-		else if (login != NULL && *login != '\0')
-			dbName = login;
-		else
-			dbName = "";
-	}
-
-	if (is_init_mode)
-	{
-		if (benchmarking_option_set)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "some options cannot be used in initialization (-i) mode\n");
-			exit(1);
-		}
-
-		init(is_no_vacuum);
-		exit(0);
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		if (initialization_option_set)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "some options cannot be used in benchmarking mode\n");
-			exit(1);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* Use DEFAULT_NXACTS if neither nxacts nor duration is specified. */
-	if (nxacts <= 0 && duration <= 0)
-		nxacts = DEFAULT_NXACTS;
-
-	if (nclients % nthreads != 0)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "number of clients (%d) must be a multiple of number of threads (%d)\n", nclients, nthreads);
-		exit(1);
-	}
-
-	/* --sampling-rate may be used only with -l */
-	if (sample_rate > 0.0 && !use_log)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "log sampling rate is allowed only when logging transactions (-l) \n");
-		exit(1);
-	}
-
-	/* --sampling-rate may must not be used with --aggregate-interval */
-	if (sample_rate > 0.0 && agg_interval > 0)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "log sampling (--sampling-rate) and aggregation (--aggregate-interval) can't be used at the same time\n");
-		exit(1);
-	}
-
-	if (agg_interval > 0 && (!use_log))
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "log aggregation is allowed only when actually logging transactions\n");
-		exit(1);
-	}
-
-	if ((duration > 0) && (agg_interval > duration))
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "number of seconds for aggregation (%d) must not be higher that test duration (%d)\n", agg_interval, duration);
-		exit(1);
-	}
-
-	if ((duration > 0) && (agg_interval > 0) && (duration % agg_interval != 0))
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "duration (%d) must be a multiple of aggregation interval (%d)\n", duration, agg_interval);
-		exit(1);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * is_latencies only works with multiple threads in thread-based
-	 * implementations, not fork-based ones, because it supposes that the
-	 * parent can see changes made to the per-thread execution stats by child
-	 * threads.  It seems useful enough to accept despite this limitation, but
-	 * perhaps we should FIXME someday (by passing the stats data back up
-	 * through the parent-to-child pipes).
-	 */
-#ifndef ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY
-	if (is_latencies && nthreads > 1)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "-r does not work with -j larger than 1 on this platform.\n");
-		exit(1);
-	}
-#endif
-
-	/*
-	 * save main process id in the global variable because process id will be
-	 * changed after fork.
-	 */
-	main_pid = (int) getpid();
-	progress_nclients = nclients;
-	progress_nthreads = nthreads;
-
-	if (nclients > 1)
-	{
-		state = (CState *) pg_realloc(state, sizeof(CState) * nclients);
-		memset(state + 1, 0, sizeof(CState) * (nclients - 1));
-
-		/* copy any -D switch values to all clients */
-		for (i = 1; i < nclients; i++)
-		{
-			int			j;
-
-			state[i].id = i;
-			for (j = 0; j < state[0].nvariables; j++)
-			{
-				if (!putVariable(&state[i], "startup", state[0].variables[j].name, state[0].variables[j].value))
-					exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (debug)
-	{
-		if (duration <= 0)
-			printf("pghost: %s pgport: %s nclients: %d nxacts: %d dbName: %s\n",
-				   pghost, pgport, nclients, nxacts, dbName);
-		else
-			printf("pghost: %s pgport: %s nclients: %d duration: %d dbName: %s\n",
-				   pghost, pgport, nclients, duration, dbName);
-	}
-
-	/* opening connection... */
-	con = doConnect();
-	if (con == NULL)
-		exit(1);
-
-	if (PQstatus(con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' failed.\n", dbName);
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
-		exit(1);
-	}
-
-	if (ttype != 3)
-	{
-		/*
-		 * get the scaling factor that should be same as count(*) from
-		 * pgbench_branches if this is not a custom query
-		 */
-		res = PQexec(con, "select count(*) from pgbench_branches");
-		if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		scale = atoi(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0));
-		if (scale < 0)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "count(*) from pgbench_branches invalid (%d)\n", scale);
-			exit(1);
-		}
-		PQclear(res);
-
-		/* warn if we override user-given -s switch */
-		if (scale_given)
-			fprintf(stderr,
-			"Scale option ignored, using pgbench_branches table count = %d\n",
-					scale);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * :scale variables normally get -s or database scale, but don't override
-	 * an explicit -D switch
-	 */
-	if (getVariable(&state[0], "scale") == NULL)
-	{
-		snprintf(val, sizeof(val), "%d", scale);
-		for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
-		{
-			if (!putVariable(&state[i], "startup", "scale", val))
-				exit(1);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Define a :client_id variable that is unique per connection. But don't
-	 * override an explicit -D switch.
-	 */
-	if (getVariable(&state[0], "client_id") == NULL)
-	{
-		for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
-		{
-			snprintf(val, sizeof(val), "%d", i);
-			if (!putVariable(&state[i], "startup", "client_id", val))
-				exit(1);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (!is_no_vacuum)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "starting vacuum...");
-		executeStatement(con, "vacuum pgbench_branches");
-		executeStatement(con, "vacuum pgbench_tellers");
-		executeStatement(con, "truncate pgbench_history");
-		fprintf(stderr, "end.\n");
-
-		if (do_vacuum_accounts)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "starting vacuum pgbench_accounts...");
-			executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_accounts");
-			fprintf(stderr, "end.\n");
-		}
-	}
-	PQfinish(con);
-
-	/* set random seed */
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-	srandom((unsigned int) INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(start_time));
-
-	/* process builtin SQL scripts */
-	switch (ttype)
-	{
-		case 0:
-			sql_files[0] = process_builtin(tpc_b,
-										   "<builtin: TPC-B (sort of)>");
-			num_files = 1;
-			break;
-
-		case 1:
-			sql_files[0] = process_builtin(select_only,
-										   "<builtin: select only>");
-			num_files = 1;
-			break;
-
-		case 2:
-			sql_files[0] = process_builtin(simple_update,
-										   "<builtin: simple update>");
-			num_files = 1;
-			break;
-
-		default:
-			break;
-	}
-
-	/* set up thread data structures */
-	threads = (TState *) pg_malloc(sizeof(TState) * nthreads);
-	for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
-	{
-		TState	   *thread = &threads[i];
-
-		thread->tid = i;
-		thread->state = &state[nclients / nthreads * i];
-		thread->nstate = nclients / nthreads;
-		thread->random_state[0] = random();
-		thread->random_state[1] = random();
-		thread->random_state[2] = random();
-		thread->throttle_latency_skipped = 0;
-		thread->latency_late = 0;
-
-		if (is_latencies)
-		{
-			/* Reserve memory for the thread to store per-command latencies */
-			int			t;
-
-			thread->exec_elapsed = (instr_time *)
-				pg_malloc(sizeof(instr_time) * num_commands);
-			thread->exec_count = (int *)
-				pg_malloc(sizeof(int) * num_commands);
-
-			for (t = 0; t < num_commands; t++)
-			{
-				INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(thread->exec_elapsed[t]);
-				thread->exec_count[t] = 0;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			thread->exec_elapsed = NULL;
-			thread->exec_count = NULL;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* get start up time */
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
-
-	/* set alarm if duration is specified. */
-	if (duration > 0)
-		setalarm(duration);
-
-	/* start threads */
-	for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
-	{
-		TState	   *thread = &threads[i];
-
-		INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(thread->start_time);
-
-		/* the first thread (i = 0) is executed by main thread */
-		if (i > 0)
-		{
-			int			err = pthread_create(&thread->thread, NULL, threadRun, thread);
-
-			if (err != 0 || thread->thread == INVALID_THREAD)
-			{
-				fprintf(stderr, "cannot create thread: %s\n", strerror(err));
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			thread->thread = INVALID_THREAD;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* wait for threads and accumulate results */
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(conn_total_time);
-	for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
-	{
-		void	   *ret = NULL;
-
-		if (threads[i].thread == INVALID_THREAD)
-			ret = threadRun(&threads[i]);
-		else
-			pthread_join(threads[i].thread, &ret);
-
-		if (ret != NULL)
-		{
-			TResult    *r = (TResult *) ret;
-
-			total_xacts += r->xacts;
-			total_latencies += r->latencies;
-			total_sqlats += r->sqlats;
-			throttle_lag += r->throttle_lag;
-			throttle_latency_skipped += r->throttle_latency_skipped;
-			latency_late += r->latency_late;
-			if (r->throttle_lag_max > throttle_lag_max)
-				throttle_lag_max = r->throttle_lag_max;
-			INSTR_TIME_ADD(conn_total_time, r->conn_time);
-			free(ret);
-		}
-	}
-	disconnect_all(state, nclients);
-
-	/*
-	 * XXX We compute results as though every client of every thread started
-	 * and finished at the same time.  That model can diverge noticeably from
-	 * reality for a short benchmark run involving relatively many threads.
-	 * The first thread may process notably many transactions before the last
-	 * thread begins.  Improving the model alone would bring limited benefit,
-	 * because performance during those periods of partial thread count can
-	 * easily exceed steady state performance.  This is one of the many ways
-	 * short runs convey deceptive performance figures.
-	 */
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(total_time);
-	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(total_time, start_time);
-	printResults(ttype, total_xacts, nclients, threads, nthreads,
-				 total_time, conn_total_time, total_latencies, total_sqlats,
-				 throttle_lag, throttle_lag_max, throttle_latency_skipped,
-				 latency_late);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void *
-threadRun(void *arg)
-{
-	TState	   *thread = (TState *) arg;
-	CState	   *state = thread->state;
-	TResult    *result;
-	FILE	   *logfile = NULL; /* per-thread log file */
-	instr_time	start,
-				end;
-	int			nstate = thread->nstate;
-	int			remains = nstate;		/* number of remaining clients */
-	int			i;
-
-	/* for reporting progress: */
-	int64		thread_start = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(thread->start_time);
-	int64		last_report = thread_start;
-	int64		next_report = last_report + (int64) progress * 1000000;
-	int64		last_count = 0,
-				last_lats = 0,
-				last_sqlats = 0,
-				last_lags = 0,
-				last_skipped = 0;
-
-	AggVals		aggs;
-
-	/*
-	 * Initialize throttling rate target for all of the thread's clients.  It
-	 * might be a little more accurate to reset thread->start_time here too.
-	 * The possible drift seems too small relative to typical throttle delay
-	 * times to worry about it.
-	 */
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start);
-	thread->throttle_trigger = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(start);
-	thread->throttle_lag = 0;
-	thread->throttle_lag_max = 0;
-
-	result = pg_malloc(sizeof(TResult));
-
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(result->conn_time);
-
-	/* open log file if requested */
-	if (use_log)
-	{
-		char		logpath[64];
-
-		if (thread->tid == 0)
-			snprintf(logpath, sizeof(logpath), "pgbench_log.%d", main_pid);
-		else
-			snprintf(logpath, sizeof(logpath), "pgbench_log.%d.%d", main_pid, thread->tid);
-		logfile = fopen(logpath, "w");
-
-		if (logfile == NULL)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open logfile \"%s\": %s", logpath, strerror(errno));
-			goto done;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (!is_connect)
-	{
-		/* make connections to the database */
-		for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
-		{
-			if ((state[i].con = doConnect()) == NULL)
-				goto done;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* time after thread and connections set up */
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(result->conn_time);
-	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(result->conn_time, thread->start_time);
-
-	agg_vals_init(&aggs, thread->start_time);
-
-	/* send start up queries in async manner */
-	for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
-	{
-		CState	   *st = &state[i];
-		Command   **commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
-		int			prev_ecnt = st->ecnt;
-
-		st->use_file = getrand(thread, 0, num_files - 1);
-		if (!doCustom(thread, st, &result->conn_time, logfile, &aggs))
-			remains--;			/* I've aborted */
-
-		if (st->ecnt > prev_ecnt && commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Execution meta-command failed.\n", i, st->state);
-			remains--;			/* I've aborted */
-			PQfinish(st->con);
-			st->con = NULL;
-		}
-	}
-
-	while (remains > 0)
-	{
-		fd_set		input_mask;
-		int			maxsock;	/* max socket number to be waited */
-		int64		now_usec = 0;
-		int64		min_usec;
-
-		FD_ZERO(&input_mask);
-
-		maxsock = -1;
-		min_usec = PG_INT64_MAX;
-		for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
-		{
-			CState	   *st = &state[i];
-			Command   **commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
-			int			sock;
-
-			if (st->con == NULL)
-			{
-				continue;
-			}
-			else if (st->sleeping)
-			{
-				if (st->throttling && timer_exceeded)
-				{
-					/* interrupt client which has not started a transaction */
-					remains--;
-					st->sleeping = 0;
-					st->throttling = false;
-					PQfinish(st->con);
-					st->con = NULL;
-					continue;
-				}
-				else	/* just a nap from the script */
-				{
-					int			this_usec;
-
-					if (min_usec == PG_INT64_MAX)
-					{
-						instr_time	now;
-
-						INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
-						now_usec = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now);
-					}
-
-					this_usec = st->txn_scheduled - now_usec;
-					if (min_usec > this_usec)
-						min_usec = this_usec;
-				}
-			}
-			else if (commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
-			{
-				min_usec = 0;	/* the connection is ready to run */
-				break;
-			}
-
-			sock = PQsocket(st->con);
-			if (sock < 0)
-			{
-				fprintf(stderr, "bad socket: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-				goto done;
-			}
-
-			FD_SET(sock, &input_mask);
-
-			if (maxsock < sock)
-				maxsock = sock;
-		}
-
-		if (min_usec > 0 && maxsock != -1)
-		{
-			int			nsocks; /* return from select(2) */
-
-			if (min_usec != PG_INT64_MAX)
-			{
-				struct timeval timeout;
-
-				timeout.tv_sec = min_usec / 1000000;
-				timeout.tv_usec = min_usec % 1000000;
-				nsocks = select(maxsock + 1, &input_mask, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
-			}
-			else
-				nsocks = select(maxsock + 1, &input_mask, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-			if (nsocks < 0)
-			{
-				if (errno == EINTR)
-					continue;
-				/* must be something wrong */
-				fprintf(stderr, "select failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-				goto done;
-			}
-		}
-
-		/* ok, backend returns reply */
-		for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
-		{
-			CState	   *st = &state[i];
-			Command   **commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
-			int			prev_ecnt = st->ecnt;
-
-			if (st->con && (FD_ISSET(PQsocket(st->con), &input_mask)
-							|| commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND))
-			{
-				if (!doCustom(thread, st, &result->conn_time, logfile, &aggs))
-					remains--;	/* I've aborted */
-			}
-
-			if (st->ecnt > prev_ecnt && commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
-			{
-				fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Execution of meta-command failed.\n", i, st->state);
-				remains--;		/* I've aborted */
-				PQfinish(st->con);
-				st->con = NULL;
-			}
-		}
-
-#ifdef PTHREAD_FORK_EMULATION
-		/* each process reports its own progression */
-		if (progress)
-		{
-			instr_time	now_time;
-			int64		now;
-
-			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now_time);
-			now = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now_time);
-			if (now >= next_report)
-			{
-				/* generate and show report */
-				int64		count = 0,
-							lats = 0,
-							sqlats = 0,
-							skipped = 0;
-				int64		lags = thread->throttle_lag;
-				int64		run = now - last_report;
-				double		tps,
-							total_run,
-							latency,
-							sqlat,
-							stdev,
-							lag;
-
-				for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
-				{
-					count += state[i].cnt;
-					lats += state[i].txn_latencies;
-					sqlats += state[i].txn_sqlats;
-				}
-
-				total_run = (now - thread_start) / 1000000.0;
-				tps = 1000000.0 * (count - last_count) / run;
-				latency = 0.001 * (lats - last_lats) / (count - last_count);
-				sqlat = 1.0 * (sqlats - last_sqlats) / (count - last_count);
-				stdev = 0.001 * sqrt(sqlat - 1000000.0 * latency * latency);
-				lag = 0.001 * (lags - last_lags) / (count - last_count);
-				skipped = thread->throttle_latency_skipped - last_skipped;
-
-				fprintf(stderr,
-						"progress %d: %.1f s, %.1f tps, "
-						"lat %.3f ms stddev %.3f",
-						thread->tid, total_run, tps, latency, stdev);
-				if (throttle_delay)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, ", lag %.3f ms", lag);
-					if (latency_limit)
-						fprintf(stderr, ", skipped " INT64_FORMAT, skipped);
-				}
-				fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-
-				last_count = count;
-				last_lats = lats;
-				last_sqlats = sqlats;
-				last_lags = lags;
-				last_report = now;
-				last_skipped = thread->throttle_latency_skipped;
-				next_report += (int64) progress *1000000;
-			}
-		}
-#else
-		/* progress report by thread 0 for all threads */
-		if (progress && thread->tid == 0)
-		{
-			instr_time	now_time;
-			int64		now;
-
-			INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now_time);
-			now = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now_time);
-			if (now >= next_report)
-			{
-				/* generate and show report */
-				int64		count = 0,
-							lats = 0,
-							sqlats = 0,
-							lags = 0,
-							skipped = 0;
-				int64		run = now - last_report;
-				double		tps,
-							total_run,
-							latency,
-							sqlat,
-							lag,
-							stdev;
-
-				for (i = 0; i < progress_nclients; i++)
-				{
-					count += state[i].cnt;
-					lats += state[i].txn_latencies;
-					sqlats += state[i].txn_sqlats;
-				}
-
-				for (i = 0; i < progress_nthreads; i++)
-					lags += thread[i].throttle_lag;
-
-				total_run = (now - thread_start) / 1000000.0;
-				tps = 1000000.0 * (count - last_count) / run;
-				latency = 0.001 * (lats - last_lats) / (count - last_count);
-				sqlat = 1.0 * (sqlats - last_sqlats) / (count - last_count);
-				stdev = 0.001 * sqrt(sqlat - 1000000.0 * latency * latency);
-				lag = 0.001 * (lags - last_lags) / (count - last_count);
-				skipped = thread->throttle_latency_skipped - last_skipped;
-
-				fprintf(stderr,
-						"progress: %.1f s, %.1f tps, "
-						"lat %.3f ms stddev %.3f",
-						total_run, tps, latency, stdev);
-				if (throttle_delay)
-				{
-					fprintf(stderr, ", lag %.3f ms", lag);
-					if (latency_limit)
-						fprintf(stderr, ", " INT64_FORMAT " skipped", skipped);
-				}
-				fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-
-				last_count = count;
-				last_lats = lats;
-				last_sqlats = sqlats;
-				last_lags = lags;
-				last_report = now;
-				last_skipped = thread->throttle_latency_skipped;
-				next_report += (int64) progress *1000000;
-			}
-		}
-#endif   /* PTHREAD_FORK_EMULATION */
-	}
-
-done:
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start);
-	disconnect_all(state, nstate);
-	result->xacts = 0;
-	result->latencies = 0;
-	result->sqlats = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
-	{
-		result->xacts += state[i].cnt;
-		result->latencies += state[i].txn_latencies;
-		result->sqlats += state[i].txn_sqlats;
-	}
-	result->throttle_lag = thread->throttle_lag;
-	result->throttle_lag_max = thread->throttle_lag_max;
-	result->throttle_latency_skipped = thread->throttle_latency_skipped;
-	result->latency_late = thread->latency_late;
-
-	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end);
-	INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(result->conn_time, end, start);
-	if (logfile)
-		fclose(logfile);
-	return result;
-}
-
-/*
- * Support for duration option: set timer_exceeded after so many seconds.
- */
-
-#ifndef WIN32
-
-static void
-handle_sig_alarm(SIGNAL_ARGS)
-{
-	timer_exceeded = true;
-}
-
-static void
-setalarm(int seconds)
-{
-	pqsignal(SIGALRM, handle_sig_alarm);
-	alarm(seconds);
-}
-
-#ifndef ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY
-
-/*
- * implements pthread using fork.
- */
-
-typedef struct fork_pthread
-{
-	pid_t		pid;
-	int			pipes[2];
-}	fork_pthread;
-
-static int
-pthread_create(pthread_t *thread,
-			   pthread_attr_t *attr,
-			   void *(*start_routine) (void *),
-			   void *arg)
-{
-	fork_pthread *th;
-	void	   *ret;
-	int			rc;
-
-	th = (fork_pthread *) pg_malloc(sizeof(fork_pthread));
-	if (pipe(th->pipes) < 0)
-	{
-		free(th);
-		return errno;
-	}
-
-	th->pid = fork();
-	if (th->pid == -1)			/* error */
-	{
-		free(th);
-		return errno;
-	}
-	if (th->pid != 0)			/* in parent process */
-	{
-		close(th->pipes[1]);
-		*thread = th;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/* in child process */
-	close(th->pipes[0]);
-
-	/* set alarm again because the child does not inherit timers */
-	if (duration > 0)
-		setalarm(duration);
-
-	ret = start_routine(arg);
-	rc = write(th->pipes[1], ret, sizeof(TResult));
-	(void) rc;
-	close(th->pipes[1]);
-	free(th);
-	exit(0);
-}
-
-static int
-pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return)
-{
-	int			status;
-
-	while (waitpid(th->pid, &status, 0) != th->pid)
-	{
-		if (errno != EINTR)
-			return errno;
-	}
-
-	if (thread_return != NULL)
-	{
-		/* assume result is TResult */
-		*thread_return = pg_malloc(sizeof(TResult));
-		if (read(th->pipes[0], *thread_return, sizeof(TResult)) != sizeof(TResult))
-		{
-			free(*thread_return);
-			*thread_return = NULL;
-		}
-	}
-	close(th->pipes[0]);
-
-	free(th);
-	return 0;
-}
-#endif
-#else							/* WIN32 */
-
-static VOID CALLBACK
-win32_timer_callback(PVOID lpParameter, BOOLEAN TimerOrWaitFired)
-{
-	timer_exceeded = true;
-}
-
-static void
-setalarm(int seconds)
-{
-	HANDLE		queue;
-	HANDLE		timer;
-
-	/* This function will be called at most once, so we can cheat a bit. */
-	queue = CreateTimerQueue();
-	if (seconds > ((DWORD) -1) / 1000 ||
-		!CreateTimerQueueTimer(&timer, queue,
-							   win32_timer_callback, NULL, seconds * 1000, 0,
-							   WT_EXECUTEINTIMERTHREAD | WT_EXECUTEONLYONCE))
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set timer\n");
-		exit(1);
-	}
-}
-
-/* partial pthread implementation for Windows */
-
-typedef struct win32_pthread
-{
-	HANDLE		handle;
-	void	   *(*routine) (void *);
-	void	   *arg;
-	void	   *result;
-} win32_pthread;
-
-static unsigned __stdcall
-win32_pthread_run(void *arg)
-{
-	win32_pthread *th = (win32_pthread *) arg;
-
-	th->result = th->routine(th->arg);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-pthread_create(pthread_t *thread,
-			   pthread_attr_t *attr,
-			   void *(*start_routine) (void *),
-			   void *arg)
-{
-	int			save_errno;
-	win32_pthread *th;
-
-	th = (win32_pthread *) pg_malloc(sizeof(win32_pthread));
-	th->routine = start_routine;
-	th->arg = arg;
-	th->result = NULL;
-
-	th->handle = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, win32_pthread_run, th, 0, NULL);
-	if (th->handle == NULL)
-	{
-		save_errno = errno;
-		free(th);
-		return save_errno;
-	}
-
-	*thread = th;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int
-pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return)
-{
-	if (th == NULL || th->handle == NULL)
-		return errno = EINVAL;
-
-	if (WaitForSingleObject(th->handle, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
-	{
-		_dosmaperr(GetLastError());
-		return errno;
-	}
-
-	if (thread_return)
-		*thread_return = th->result;
-
-	CloseHandle(th->handle);
-	free(th);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#endif   /* WIN32 */