1.
Introduction
The numbers in steam tables and textbooks are based on actual tests under laboratory conditions and mathematical analysis. One test that can help prove some of the numbers in steam tables is the Marcet Boiler experiment. The original Marcet Boiler experiment is a simple pressure chamber that contains water, a pressure gauge and a thermometer. A heat source applied to the chamber makes the water change state (saturates) so that it produces steam. The temperature and pressure of the steam rises. A plot of the temperature of the steam against pressure gives a characteristics curve that defines reference temperatures and pressures in steam table. In this experiment, the steam is produced using the boiler of the experimental set-up of the steam power plant TD1050 shown in Figure 1.
Fig.1: The steam motor and energy conversion test set
2. Objectives
To use the well-known Marcet Boiler experiment to find the relationship between temperature and pressure of the steam. To be familiar with the tables in the Appendix of thermodynamics books.
3. Equipment:
Stop watch. User manual. TecQuipment's optional Versatile Data Acquisition System, VDAS.
1
TD 1050, Steam Motor and Energy Conversion Test Set. Ideal for students to gain insight into the first and second laws of thermodynamics Introduces students to industry-standard methods of analyzing steam plant performance, including Rankine Cycle Analysis and using the Willans Line Uses a simple two-cylinder steam motor and an electricallyheated boiler for easy understanding of the main parts of a steam plant Self-contained in a mobile frame that includes all instruments needed for experiments Allows students to copy the Marcet Boiler Experiment to prove the pressure-temperature relationship for saturated steam.
4. Procedure
1. Create a blank results table similar to Table 1. If you use VDAS, the software will create it automatically. 2. Turn on the cooling water supply to between 1 and 2 L/min. Always use cooling water ow rates lower than about 2.5 L/min. Higher ow rates are wasteful and could cause water spills. 3. Open the boiler steam valve and use the pump to fill the boiler with water to the maximum level of the sight gauge. 4. Switch of the cooling water supply. 5. Switch on the heaters, shut the steam valve and wait for the boiler pressure to reach around 300 kN/m2. Switch off the heaters. 6. In intervals of around 20 kN/m2 or me intervals of every two to ve minutes, record the boiler steam pressure and temperatur as the boiler cools down. Each time you take a pressure reading, lightly tap the pressure gauge first, in case the gauge mechanism sticks. Alternatvely, if you have Optional VDAS, set it for timed data acquisition to record at intervals of every five minutes. 7. Stop the experiment when the boiler pressure has dropped to near atmospheric (0 kN/m2 gauge). 8. Switch off and disconnect the electrical and water supplies. 9. Allow the boiler to cool down, then open the boiler drain valve. 10. Drain any water from the apparatus.
5. Results and Discussions
The collected reults should (Shown in Table 1) show the rela onship between the pressure and temperature of the steam as in Figure 2.
Table.1: Blank result table Boiler Steam Boiler Steam Boiler Steam Temperature Pressure Temperature (textbook) (kN/m2) (oC) 300 128.7 133.52 Not listed 290 127.6 131.2 280 126.7 Not listed 270 125.7 128.7 260 124.6 127.41 250 123.4 Not listed 240 122.1 Not listed 230 120.7 123.3 220 119.4 Not listed 210 117.9 120.21 200 116.4 Not listed 190 114.8 Not listed 180 113.2 Not listed 170 111.4 Not listed 160 109.5 111.35 150 107.7 109.4 140 105.8 Your experiment results should be very similar to the predicted values from steam tables, verifying the theory and experiments shown in the textbooks. Any errors can be due to accuarcy of the instrument. You can expect +/- 1 oC error from the K-type thermocouples, approximately 5 % error from mechanical pressure gauges, and be er than 5 % full scale acuracy from the electronic pressure gauges when used with the optional VDAS.
Fig.2 Pressure and Temperaure relationship
T & P Relationship
140 135
Pressure (kN/m2)
130 125 120 115 110 105 100 100 150 200 250 300 350
Tempertaure C
Actual Results Textbook Results
Fig.3: Pressure Vs Tempertaure
6. Conclusions:
We see that pressure and temperature are related linearly, in other word, when the temperature increase the pressure will increase. Then for every pressure of pure steam there is a corresponding temperature.
7. References:
1. User manuel.
