HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DELIVERY CISTERN (Designing cistern as a vertical drop)
Design Data :
Total Discharge
No. of Pipes
Dia. of the Pipe
Spacing b/w Pipes
i. Details of D/S Canal :
F.S.L.
C.B.L.
Bed width
Average G.L.
FSD
=
=
=
=
79.2
2
4
17
=
=
=
=
=
+ 588.525
+ 585.025
17.40
+ 588.500
3.50
Cumecs
No's
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
1. Hydraulic Calculations :
Width of Cistern
M.W.L. in Cistern
Delivery level for syphon action
C.L. of Delivery Pipe in cistern (D.L.) = M.W.L. - Dia.
Cistern Floor Level = D.L. - 1.5 * Dia.
Spillway Crest Level
Discharge through each pipe
Area of the Pipe
Velocity in the pipe
Velocity head ( Vh = V2/2g )
T.E.L ( D.L.+ Dia. + Vh )
=
25 m
=
+ 590.275 m
=
+ 592.275 m
=
+ 586.275 m
= 586.275 - 1.5 * 4
=
+ 580.275 m
=
+ 588.525 m
=
39.600 Cumecs
2
=
12.566 m
=
3.15 m/sec
=
=
0.51 m
+ 588.781 m
586.78
Depth of water (DC)
Head Loss ( HL )
=
=
10.00 m
2.00 m
-1.744
Head of water ( DC)
Length of Cistern = 5 * sqrt ( HL * DC )
=
=
6.00 m
17.321 m
17.500 m
3.49 m
Say
2. Check for Straight length :
Jet Length (X) = V
( 2*H / g )
25
17.40
+ 580.275 m
17.50 m
Plan of Cistern :
MWL + 590.275
Crest + 588.525
FSL + 588.525
+ 586.275
CBL + 585.025
+ 584.025 m
+ 580.275
Longitudianal Section :
-2.814
DESIGN OF OGEE SPILLWAY
Discharge Computations :
Discharge to be considered (Q)
=
=
=
=
=
=
MWL
CrestLevel
Floor Level
TWL
79.20
2797
+ 590.275
+ 588.525
+ 580.275
+ 588.525
Cumecs
Cusecs
m
m
m
m
The discharge over the spillway is calculated as per the following formula
Cd L H 3/2
Q
=
where Cd
(2/3)sqrt(2g)C
Height of the spillway crest measured from the Floor level ( P )
P
=
Crest Level - Floor Level
=
588.525 - 580.275
=
8.25
m
Assume design head (Hd)
=
1.75
MWL
=
+588.525
+
=
+590.275
1.75
Proposing U/S face of the spillway is vertical :
P/Hd
As per fig.3 of IS 6934:1998, for
C
Cd
=
=
=
=
Cd
8.25 / 1.75
4.71
0.741
( As per IS: 6934 fig.3)
2/3 x sqrt(2 x 9.81) x0.741
2.2
Length of the spillway required to discharge the maximum flood
=
=
However provide length of spillway =
The discharge over the spillway
17.4
Q
Q/(CdH3/2)
15.55 m
m
=
=
=
Cd L H 3/2
2.2 * 17.4 * ((1.75) ^1.5)
88.62
cumecs Hence OK
Effect of tail water on discharge coefficient (Effect of submergence)
As per fig.5A of IS 6934:1998:
Cs
=
Discharge coefficient as affected by submergence of crest
Hd
=
Head of overflow
=
1.75
h
=
MWL - tail water level
=
+590.275
=
1.75
h
=
1.75
Hd
1.75
As per fig.5A of IS 6934:1998, for
h
Hd
=
=
1.75 / 1.75
1.00
Cs
Cd
0.90
+588.525
Cs
=
=
0.90
2.0
x 2.2
By Using the corrected coefficient, the discharge formula
79.2
=
2.2 x L x 1.75
L
=
79.2 / (1.98 * (1.75 ^1.5))
=
17m
Shape of the Profile :
Upstream quadrant:
The upstream quadrant of the crest may conform to the ellipse:
X12
Y12
+
A12
P/Hd
As per fig.2of IS 6934:1998, for
hence
A1/Hd
A1
P/Hd
As per fig.2of IS 6934:1998, for
hence
= 1
B12
B1/Hd
B1
=
=
=
4.714
0.29
0.5075
=
=
=
4.71
0.164
0.287
X1
Y1
=
=
Upstream co-ordinates:
X1
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.405
0.508
RL of upstream tangent point (TP)
Y1
0.287
0.286
0.281
0.274
0.264
0.250
0.231
0.208
0.177
0.173
0.000
=
=
=
0.508
0.287
Crest level - depth of U/s quadrant
+ 588.525
0.287
+ 588.238
Downstream Profile:
The downstream quadrant of the crest may conform to the equation:
X21.85
K2 Hd0.85 Y2
=
.(1)
P/Hd
=
4.714
P/Hd
As per fig.2of IS 6934:1998, for
Hence
K2
4.714
1.609
1.85
0.311 X2
.(2)
2.0
Substituting the above values in the equation (1)
X21.85
=
2.0
X21.85
=
3.218 Y2
Y2
Y2
To get tangent point, differentiating and equating to glacis slope
dy2 / dx2
0.311
dy2 / dx2
0.85
0.575 X2
Proposing glacis slope of
0.575
x20.85
x20.85
X2
=
=
X2
0.8
(H)
1
0.8
1.2500
0.575
2.174 1.176
2.494 m
1.85
1
(V)
1.25
2.174
X2 0.85
Substituting this x2 value in Equation (2) above
Y2
=
=
Y2
0.311
1.686 m
2.494
1.85
Downstream co-ordinates:
X2
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.494
Y2
0.000
0.086
0.311
0.658
1.120
1.685
R.L. of TP1
=
=
=
R.L. of TP1
+ 588.525
Crest level
+ 588.238
RL of TP
Crest level - depth D/s profile (Y2)
588.5
1.686
+ 586.839 m
O
0.287
0.508
X1
Y1
X2
Base width of spillway at TP1
+ 586.839
2.494
=
=
1.686 m
Y2
+ 586.839
RL of TP1
0.508
+
3.002 m
2.494
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF OGEE SPILLWAY :
MWL
+590.28
W7
1.8
FTL +588.53
0.287
1.8
W5
W6
0.508
1.686
W4
W H1
WH
8.25
WH
W1
2.494
W2
TWL
588.525
0.8
7.96
W H1
6.564
W3
+580.28
8.25
8.25
0.508
2.494
5.251
8.253
8.253
WU
10.00
8.25
Uplift Pressure diagram
Case 1 : When water is up to crest level @ U/S & No water @ D/S
Taking moments about "A"
Sl
Load Description
Force
H
V
W1
1
0.508
x 7.963 x 2.40
9.699
W2
2
2.494
x 6.56
x 2.40
39.289
LA
0.254
Moment
M
2.461
1.755
68.933
W3
0.5 x 5.25
x 6.56
x 2.40
41.363
4.752
196.551
W4
0.67 x 2.494
x 1.686
x 2.40
6.728
1.443
9.707
W5
0.67 x 0.508
x 0.287
x 2.40
0.233
0.317
0.074
W6
0.33 x 0.508
x 0.287
x 1.00
0.049
0.127
0.006
WU
0.50 x 8.253
x 8.250
x 1.00
-34.042
2.751
-93.647
WH
0.5 x 8.25
x 8.25
x 1.00
2.750
93.586
277.671
M
Lever arm
Eccentricity
Allowable 'e'
Maximum stress (at Toe )
Minimum stress (at heel)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
34.031
34.031
H
97.360
V
277.671 / 97.36
2.852 m
2.852 - 8.253 / 2
1.274 m
8.253 / 6
= 1.375
No tension
277.671 / 8.253 x ( 1+ 6 x 1.274 / 8.253 )
2
64.82 t/m
277.671 / 8.253 x ( 1- 6 x 1.274 / 8.253 )
2
2.47 t/m
Case 2 : When water is up to MWL @ U/S
Taking moments about "A"
S.No
Load
Description
Force
H
LA
x 2.40
V
9.699
0.254
x 2.40
39.289
Moment
H
V
2.461
W1
W2
1.755
68.933
W3
0.5 x 5.25
x 6.56
x 2.40
41.363
4.752
196.551
W4
0.67 x 2.494
x 1.686
x 2.40
6.728
1.443
9.707
W5
0.67 x 0.508
x 0.287
x 2.40
0.233
0.317
0.074
W6
0.333 x 0.508
x 0.287
x 1.00
0.049
0.127
0.006
W7
0.508
1.750 x 2.400
x 1.00
2.132
0.254
0.541
WU
0.50 x 8.253
x 10.000 x 1.00
-41.264
2.751
-113.512
WH
0.5 x 8.25
10
W H1
0.508
x 7.963
2.494 x 6.56
1.75
Lever arm
Eccentricity
Allowable 'e'
Maximum stress (at toe)
Minimum stress (at heel)
x 8.25
x 1.00
34.031
2.750
93.586
x 8.25
x 1.00
14.438
48.469
H
4.125
59.555
317.902
M
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Stresses @
317.902 / 58.228
5.460 m
5.46 - 8.253 / 2
1.333 m
8.253 / 6
1.375
No tension
317.902 / 8.253 x ( 1+ 6 x 1.333 / 8.253 )
2
75.86 t/m
317.902 / 8.253 x ( 1- 6 x 1.333 / 8.253 )
2
1.18 t/m
Case1
t/m2
64.82
2.47
Maximum stress (at heel )
Minimum stress (at Toe)
58.228
V
Case2
t/m2
75.86
1.18
Factor of Safety against sliding
F = [((w u) tan f ) / Ff) + (C.A./Fc)] / P
C =
f =
A =
F
=
w
=
u
=
tan f
=
C
=
A
=
Ff
=
Fc
=
P
=
100 t/m2
30 O
8.2527 Sqm
Factor of safety against sliding
Total mass of the dam
Total uplift force
Co-efficient of internal friction
Cohesion of the material at the plane considered
Area under consideration for cohesion
Partial factor of safety inrespect of friction
Partial factor of safety inrespect of cohesion and
Total horizontal force
Tan f =
Allowable factor of Safety =
0.577
1
Table-1 of IS 6512-1984
Ff
1.5
Fc
3.6
Ff
(W - U)Tanf/Ff
FC
CA / FC
Load
Combin
ation
A
97.36
1.5
37.474
3.60
Factor
of
safety
-
97.36
34.031
1.5
64.907
3.60
229.24
8.643
OK
58.23
48.469
1.5
22.412
3.60
229.24
5.192
OK
Sl
C E
K
H C
ENERGY DISSIPATION ARRANGEMENTS ON D/S OF SPILLWAY
Stilling Basin Type energy dissipation arrangement is proposed as per IS:4997: 1985
Spillway Crest level
Cistern Top level
Cistern Floor Level
TWL
MWL
=
=
=
=
=
+ 588.525
+ 591.275
+ 580.275
+ 588.525
+ 590.275
m
m
m
m
m
Let
Hd
Depth of overflow over spillway (m)
q
d1
=
=
dc
Discharge intensity per metre width in m3/s/m
q / Va
Depth of flow entering to Stilling basin
=
(q2 / g) 1/3
Critical water Depth of flow
=
d2
Sequent Depth
Vt
Theoretical velocity of flow in m/s
Va
H2
sqrt ( 2 g H2 )
Actual velocity of flow in m/s
Depth from (FTL+Hd/2) to Apron Level (m)
=
D/s Retrogressed water Level
=
Assuming Apron Level
=
Hd
=
1.8
H2
=
+ 589.40
+584.025
=
5.375
Q
Cd x L x Hd3/2
q =
Q
L
Cd x Hd3/2
=
=
Vt
=
=
=
1.98
x 1.8
3
m
/s/m
4.584
sqrt ( 2 g H2 )
sqrt
10.27 m/s
1.5
From fig 7 of IS 7365 - 1985
for Hd =
1.750 m
588.025 m
584.025 m
x 9.81
H2
and
Va
x 5.375
0.98
=
=
=
0.98
x
0.98
x
10.065 m/s
5.375 m
Vt
Va
d1
=
=
d1
q
Va
4.584
10.065
0.46 m
Vt
10.270
(As per IS : 7365 - 1985 Clause 4.3.2.1)
Critical Depth (dc) =
q2
1/3
( As per IS: 4997-1968 Cla.4.3.2 )
g
dc
dc
1/3
21.01
9.81
1.29 m
Froud Number of jet entering bucket ( Fr1) =
1.289 m
Va
sqrt(g* d1)
Fr1
10.065
2.124
4.738
From IS : 4997 - 1985 Clause 4.3.2
d2
=
=
d2
Level at which jump will form
d1
2
0.46
2
3.157
=
=
=
=
say
Provide Cistern Level at
From IS : 4997 - 1985 Clause 4.3.2
Loss of Head (HL)
HL
2
1 + 8 Fr
sqrt
13.44
=
HL
Length of Cistern:
Length of Cistern
=
=
=
1
1
m
D/s Retrogressed water level
+ 588.025
3.16
+ 584.868
+ 584.868 m
d2
+ 584.025 m
d2
4
d1
x d1
x d2
3.157
4
x 0.46
19.62
5.81
3.38
m
5 (d2 - d1)
5x
14.00 m
0.46
x 3.16
3.16
0.460
As per Cl 4.3.4.2 of IS : 4997 - 1968 and fig 8A (Recommended Length for Basin 1)
As per Cl 4.3.5.1 of IS : 4997 - 1968 and fig 9A (Recommended Length for Basin 2)
For Froude Number (Fr)
=
4.738
(Basin 2 stilling basin)
Lb
4.8
=
=
4.8
15.15
d2
Lb
x
m
3.16
However provide
16.00 m length of stilling Basin at the level of
+ 584.025 m
As per Cl 4.3.5.2 of IS : 4997 - 1968 and fig 9B (Recommended Height of Basin blocks)
hb
1.5
=
=
1.5
0.69
d1
Height of Basin Blocks
hb
0.46
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF BASIN-I
0.47355
Dentated
Sill
0.6314
2.0 : 1
16.00 m
Calculation of Uplift Pressure and Floor Thickness :
MWL
+590.28
1.75
Crest +588.53
+588.525
8.25
d2 =
0.8
d1=
1
+580.28
0.51
2.494
0.460
4.500
0.10 m thick wearing coat
+ 584.025
5.2512
0.80
3.00
1.90
+577.28
3.00
1
0.5
581.03
0.5
8.253
Solution :
Discharge over the Spillway
Length of Spillway
Width of Canal
8.000
=
=
=
79.2
17.4
17.4
8.000
Cumecs
m
m
0.5
Scour Depth Calculations :
1. At Upstream side :
Discharge per m width of canal, q = Q/b
=
=
79.2 / 17.4
4.551724 cumecs/m
Mean Scour depth R = 1.34 x (q2 / f )1/3
Silt factor,f
=
2
Mean Scour depth , R =
1.34 x ( 4.552 ^2 / 2 ) ^ (1/3) )
= 2.921 m
Max Scour depth , Rmax = 1.5 R =
1.5 x 2.921
= 4.382 m
Scour Level = MWL - Rmax
=
590.275 - 4.382 585.893
Depth of cut-off = 580.275 - 585.893
=
-5.62 m
Depth of U/S Curtain wall = U/S FSD /3
However provide
3.000
2. At Downstream side :
Discharge per m width of canal, q = Q/b
10 / 3
3.333
m below the U/S bed level
=
=
79.2 / 17.4
3.958 cumecs/m
Mean Scour depth R = 1.34 x (q2 / f )1/3
Silt factor , f =
2
Mean Scour depth,R =
1.34 x ( 3.958 ^2 / 2 ) ^ (1/3) )
= 2.661 m
Max Scour depth , Rmax = 2.0 R
= 2.0 x 2.661
= 5.322 m
Scour Level = MWL - Rmax
=
588.525 - 5.322
=583.20
Depth of cut-off = 584.025 - 583.2
=
0.822 m
Depth of D/S Curtain wall = D/S FSD / 2 =
4.5 / 2
=
However provide
3.000 m below the D/S bed level
2.250
EXIT GRADIENT (GE)
d = Depth of D/s cut-off
H
b = floor length
0.5 +8.253+ 8 + 8 + 0.5
= b/d =
2
={1+sqrt(1+ )}/2
GE = 1x H/(sqrt()xxd
=
=
3.000 m
8.250 m
=
=
25.253 m
8.418
=
=
4.738
0.402 Re
Uplift Pressures :
i). At U/S cutt off wall :
= b/d
= 25.2527 / 3
={1+sqrt(1+2)}/2
E =(1/) x cos-1 x ((-2)/)
8.418
=
=
4.738
30 .4%
c1 = 100-E =
70 %
8.418
=
=
4.738
30%
ii). At D/S cut off wall :
= b/d =
={1+sqrt(1+2)}/2=
-1
E =(1/) x cos x ((-2)/) =
25.25
30 %
70%
U/s cut-off
D/s cut-off
after Prejump length
D/S of Body wall
8.500
16.500
Calculation of Floor Thickness :
1. At D/S Body wall :
i. Overflow condition :
Uplift presure at the D/S of body wall
= 30 + ( 70 - 30 ) x 16.5 / 25.253
=
56 %
The Cistern is resting on Impermeable foundations, hece we consider 50% of uplift pressure.
50 % Uplift Pressure
=
28 %
Pressure head = ( H + d - d2 )
= 8.25 + 1.75 - 4.5
=
5.50
m
Effective uplift = Pressure Head x Uplift
= 5.5 x 28
100
=
1.540 m
Thickness of floor required
= 1.54 / 1.4
=
1.10
m
ii. Non-Overflow condition :
Pressure head = H
= 8.25
Effective uplift = Pressure Head x Uplift
= 8.25 x 28
100
=
2.311 m
Thickness of floor required
= 2.311 / 2.4
=
0.96
m
Floor Thickness is provided for Maximum of above 2 conditions .
Thickness of floor provided
=
2.00
m
including wearing coat
2. After Prejump length :
Uplift presure at after prejump length
= 30 + ( 70 - 30 ) x 8.5 / 25.253
=
43.59 %
The Cistern is resting on Impermeable foundations, hece we consider 50% of uplift pressure.
50 % Uplift Pressure
=
22 %
Pressure head = ( H + d - d2 ) x U
= 8.25 + 1.75 - 4.5
=
5.500 m
Effective uplift
= 5.5 x 21.8
=
1.199 m
Thickness of floor required
= 1.199 / 1.4
=
0.856 m
Thickness of floor provided
=
0.90
m
including wearing coat
