UM10470

LPC178x/7x User manual

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

User manual

Document information
Info

Content

Keywords

LPC1788FBD208, LPC1788FET208, LPC1788FET180,

LPC1788FBD144, LPC1787FBD208, LPC1786FBD208,
LPC1785FBD208, LPC1778FBD208, LPC1778FET208,
LPC1778FET180, LPC1778FBD144, LPC1777FBD208,
LPC1776FBD208, LPC1776FET180, LPC1774FBD208,
LPC1774FBD144, ARM, ARM Cortex-M3, 32-bit, USB, Ethernet, LCD,
CAN, I2C, I2S, Flash, EEPROM, Microcontroller

Abstract

LPC178x/7x user manual

UM10470

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LPC178x/7x User Manual

Revision history
Rev

Date

Description

1.5

20110706

Added description of the Power Boost feature. Also other minor updates and corrections.

1.4

20110610

Official LPC178x/7x user manual release. Event Monitor/Recorder added. Minor updates
and corrections.

1.3

20110307

Replaced missing figure 10. Minor updates and corrections.

1.2

20110225

Removed SPIFI to reflect initial product release. Minor updates and corrections.

1.1

20110125

Minor updates and corrections.

1.0

20101022

First release of the LPC178x/7x User Manual.

Contact information
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
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Chapter 1: Introductory information
Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

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1.1 Introduction
The LPC178x/177x is an ARM Cortex-M3 based microcontroller for embedded
applications requiring a high level of integration and low power dissipation.
The Cortex-M3 is a next generation core that offers better performance than the ARM7 at
the same clock rate, and offers other system enhancements such as modernized debug
features and a higher level of support block integration. The Cortex-M3 CPU incorporates
a 3-stage pipeline and has a Harvard architecture with separate local instruction and data
buses, as well as a third bus with slightly lower performance for peripherals. The
Cortex-M3 CPU also includes an internal prefetch unit that supports speculative
branches. The LPC178x/177x adds a specialized flash memory accelerator to give
optimal performance when executing code from flash. The LPC178x/177x is targeted to
operate at up to a 120 MHz CPU frequency under worst case commercial conditions.
The peripheral complement of the LPC178x/177x includes up to 512 kB of Flash memory,
up to 96 kB of data memory, 4 kB of EEPROM memory, an External Memory Controller for
SDRAM and static memory access, an LCD panel controller, an Ethernet MAC, a General
Purpose DMA controller, a USB device/host/OTG interface, 5 UARTs, 3 SSP controllers, 3
I2C interfaces, an I2S serial audio interface, a 2-channel CAN interface, an SD card
interface, an 8 channel 12-bit ADC, a 10-bit DAC, a Motor Control PWM, a Quadrature
Encoder Interface, 4 general purpose timers, a 6-output general purpose PWM, an
ultra-low power RTC with separate battery supply and event monitor/recorder, a
windowed watchdog timer, a CRC calculation engine, up to 165 general purpose I/O pins,
and more. The pinout of LPC178x/177x is intended to allow pin function compatibility with
the LPC24xx and LPC23xx.

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Chapter 1: Introductory information

1.2 Features
Refer to Section 1.4 for details of features for specific part numbers.

Functional replacement for LPC23xx and 24xx family devices.

ARM Cortex-M3 processor, running at frequencies of up to 120 MHz. The Cortex-M3
executes the Thumb-2 instruction set for optimal performance and code size,
including hardware division, single cycle multiply, and bit-field manipulation. A
Memory Protection Unit (MPU) supporting eight regions is included.

ARM Cortex-M3 built-in Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC).

Up to 512 kB on-chip flash program memory with In-System Programming (ISP) and
In-Application Programming (IAP) capabilities. The combination of an enhanced flash
memory accelerator and location of the flash memory on the CPU local code/data bus
provides high code performance from flash.

Up to 96 kB on-chip SRAM includes:

Up to 64 kB of SRAM on the CPU with local code/data bus for high-performance
CPU access.
Up to two 16 kB SRAM blocks with separate access paths for higher throughput.
These SRAM blocks may be used for Ethernet, USB, LCD, and DMA memory, as
well as for general purpose instruction and data storage.
4 kB on-chip EEPROM.

External Memory Controller provides support for asynchronous static memory devices
such as RAM, ROM and Flash up to 64 MB, as well as dynamic memories such as
Single Data Rate SDRAM.

Eight channel General Purpose DMA controller (GPDMA) on the AHB multilayer
matrix that can be used with the SSP, I2S, UART, SD/MMC, CRC engine,
Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog converter peripherals, timer match signals,
GPIO, and for memory-to-memory transfers.

Multilayer AHB matrix interconnect provides a separate bus for each AHB master.
AHB masters include the CPU, General Purpose DMA controller, Ethernet MAC, LCD
controller, and the USB interface. This interconnect provides communication with no
arbitration delays unless two masters attempt to access the same slave at the same
time.

Split APB bus allows for higher throughput with fewer stalls between the CPU and
DMA. A single level of write buffering allows the CPU to continue without waiting for
completion of APB writes if the APB was not already busy.

LCD controller, supporting both Super-Twisted Nematic (STN) and Thin-Film

Transistor (TFT) displays.
Dedicated DMA controller.
Selectable display resolution (up to 1024 768 pixels).
Supports up to 24-bit true-color mode.

Serial interfaces:
Ethernet MAC with MII/RMII interface and dedicated DMA controller.
USB 2.0 full-speed controller that can be configured for either device, Host, or
OTG operation with an on-chip PHY for device and Host functions and a dedicated
DMA controller.
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Chapter 1: Introductory information

Five UARTs with fractional baud rate generation, internal FIFOs, IrDA, DMA
support, and RS-485/EIA-485 support. UART1 also has a full set of modem
handshaking signals. UART4 includes a synchronous mode and a Smart Card
mode supporting ISO 7816-3. Devices in the 144-pin package provide 4 UARTs.
Three SSP controllers with FIFO and multi-protocol capabilities. The SSP
interfaces can be used with the GPDMA controller.
Three enhanced I2C-bus interfaces, one with an open-drain output supporting the
full I2C specification and Fast mode Plus with data rates of 1Mbit/s, two with
standard port pins. Enhancements include multiple address recognition and
monitor mode.
Two-channel CAN controller.
I2S (Inter-IC Sound) interface for digital audio input or output, with fractional rate
control. The I2S interface can be used with the GPDMA. The I2S interface supports
3-wire data transmit and receive or 4-wire combined transmit and receive
connections, as well as master clock output.

Other peripherals:
SD card interface that also supports MMC cards.
General Purpose I/O (GPIO) pins with configurable pull-up/down resistors, open
drain mode, and repeater mode. All GPIOs are located on an AHB bus for fast
access, and support Cortex-M3 bit-banding. GPIOs can be accessed by the
General Purpose DMA Controller. Any pin of ports 0 and 2 can be used to generate
an interrupt. There are 165 GPIOs on 208-pin packages, 141 GPIOs on 180-pin
packages, and 109 GPIOs on 144-pin packages.
12-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) with input multiplexing among eight pins,
conversion rates up to 400 kHz, and multiple result registers. The 12-bit ADC can
be used with the GPDMA controller.
10-bit Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) with dedicated conversion timer and DMA
support.
Four general purpose timers/counters, with a total of eight capture inputs and ten
compare outputs. Each timer block has an external count input. Specific timer
events can be selected to generate DMA requests.
One motor control PWM with support for three-phase motor control.
Quadrature encoder interface that can monitor one external quadrature encoder.
Two standard PWM/timer blocks with external count input option.
Real-Time Clock (RTC) with a separate power domain. The RTC is clocked by a
dedicated RTC oscillator. The RTC block includes 20 bytes of battery-powered
backup registers, allowing system status to be stored when the rest of the chip is
powered off. Battery power can be supplied from a standard 3 V Lithium button
cell. The RTC will continue working when the battery voltage drops to as low as
2.1 V. An RTC interrupt can wake up the CPU from any reduced power mode.
Event Monitor/Recorder that can capture the RTC value when an event occurs on
any of 3 inputs. The event identification and the time it occurred are stored in
registers. The Event Monitor/Recorder is in the RTC power domain, and can
therefore operate as long as there is RTC power.
Windowed Watchdog Timer (WWDT). Windowed operation, dedicated internal
oscillator, watchdog warning interrupt, and safety features.
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Chapter 1: Introductory information

CRC Engine block can calculate a CRC on supplied data using 1 of 3 standard
polynomials. The CRC engine can be used in conjunction with the DMA controller
to generate a CRC without CPU involvement in the data transfer.
Cortex-M3 system tick timer, including an external clock input option.

Standard JTAG test/debug interface as well as Serial Wire Debug and Serial Wire
Trace Port options.

Emulation trace module supports real-time trace.

Single 3.3 V power supply (2.4 V to 3.6 V). Temperature range of -40 C to 85 C.
Four reduced power modes: Sleep, Deep-sleep, Power-down, and Deep
Power-down.

Power savings for operation at or below 100 MHz by reducing on-chip regulator
output.

Four external interrupt inputs configurable as edge/level sensitive. All pins on PORT0
and PORT2 can be used as edge sensitive interrupt sources.

Non-maskable Interrupt (NMI) input.

Clock output function that can reflect the main oscillator clock, IRC clock, RTC clock,
CPU clock, USB clock, or the watchdog timer clock.

The Wakeup Interrupt Controller (WIC) allows the CPU to automatically wake up from
any priority interrupt that can occur while the clocks are stopped in deep sleep,
Power-down, and Deep Power-down modes.

Processor wake-up from Power-down mode via any interrupt able to operate during
Power-down mode (includes external interrupts, RTC interrupt, USB activity, Ethernet
wake-up interrupt, CAN bus activity, PORT0/2 pin interrupt, and NMI).

Brownout detect with separate threshold for interrupt and forced reset.
On-chip Power-On Reset (POR).
On-chip crystal oscillator with an operating range of 1 MHz to 25 MHz.
12 MHz Internal RC oscillator (IRC) trimmed to 1% accuracy that can optionally be
used as a system clock.

An on-chip PLL allows CPU operation up to the maximum CPU rate without the need
for a high-frequency crystal. May be run from the main oscillator or the internal RC
oscillator.

A second, dedicated PLL may be used for the USB interface in order to allow added
flexibility for the Main PLL settings.

Versatile pin function selection feature allows many possibilities for using on-chip
peripheral functions.

Boundary scan for simplified board testing.

Unique device serial number for identification purposes.
Available as 208-pin LQFP, 208-pin TFBGA, 180-pin TFBGA, and 144-pin LQFP
packages.

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Chapter 1: Introductory information

1.3 Applications
Communications
Point-of-sale terminals, Web servers, multi-protocol bridges

Industrial/Medical
Automation controllers, application control, robotic controls, HVAC, PLC, inverters,
circuit breakers, medical scanning, security monitoring, motor drive, video intercom

Consumer/Appliance
Audio, MP3 decoders, alarm systems, displays, printers, scanners, small
appliances, fitness equipment

Automotive
Aftermarket, car alarms, GPS/Fleet Monitor

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Chapter 1: Introductory information

1.4 Ordering information

Table 1.

Ordering information

Type number

Package
Name

Description

Version

plastic low profile quad flat package; 208 leads; body 28 28 1.4 mm

SOT459-1

plastic low profile quad flat package; 208 leads; body 28 28 1.4 mm

SOT459-1

LPC1788
LPC1788FBD208 LQFP208
LPC1788
LPC1788FBD208 LQFP208

LPC1788FET208 TFBGA208 plastic thin fine-pitch ball grid array package; 208 balls; body 15 15 0.7 mm SOT950-1
LPC1788FET180 TFBGA180 thin fine-pitch ball grid array package; 180 balls; body 12 12 0.8 mm

SOT570-2

LPC1788FBD144 LQFP144

plastic low profile quad flat package; 144 leads; body 20 20 1.4 mm

SOT486-1

plastic low profile quad flat package; 208 leads; body 28 28 1.4 mm

SOT459-1

plastic low profile quad flat package; 208 leads; body 28 28 1.4 mm

SOT459-1

plastic low profile quad flat package; 208 leads; body 28 28 1.4 mm

SOT459-1

plastic low profile quad flat package; 208 leads; body 28 28 1.4 mm

SOT459-1

LPC1787
LPC1787FBD208 LQFP208
LPC1786
LPC1786FBD208 LQFP208
LPC1785
LPC1785FBD208 LQFP208
LPC1778
LPC1778FBD208 LQFP208

LPC1778FET208 TFBGA208 plastic thin fine-pitch ball grid array package; 208 balls; body 15 15 0.7 mm SOT950-1
LPC1778FET180 TFBGA180 thin fine-pitch ball grid array package; 180 balls; body 12 12 0.8 mm

SOT570-2

LPC1778FBD144 LQFP144

plastic low profile quad flat package; 144 leads; body 20 20 1.4 mm

SOT486-1

plastic low profile quad flat package; 208 leads; body 28 28 1.4 mm

SOT459-1

plastic low profile quad flat package; 208 leads; body 28 28 1.4 mm

SOT459-1

LPC1776FET180 TFBGA180 thin fine-pitch ball grid array package; 180 balls; body 12 12 0.8 mm

SOT570-2

LPC1777
LPC1777FBD208 LQFP208
LPC1776
LPC1776FBD208 LQFP208
LPC1774
LPC1774FBD208 LQFP208

plastic low profile quad flat package; 208 leads; body 28 28 1.4 mm

SOT459-1

LPC1774FBD144 LQFP144

plastic low profile quad flat package; 144 leads; body 20 20 1.4 mm

SOT486-1

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Chapter 1: Introductory information

1.4.1 Part options summary

Table 2.

Ordering options for LPC178x/177x parts

Type
number[1]

Flash
(kB)

Total
SRAM
(kB)

EEPROM
(kB)

Ethernet

USB

UART Ex. Mem

Bus[2]

LCD

QEI

SD

LPC1788

512

96[5]

H/O/D

32-bit/
16-bit[3]/
8-bit[4]

LPC1787

512

96[5]

H/O/D

LPC1786

256

80[6]

32-bit

LPC1785

256

80[6]

H/O/D

32-bit

H/O/D

32-bit

LPC1778

512

96[5]

H/O/D

32-bit/
16-bit[3]/
8-bit[4]

LPC1777

512

96[5]

LPC1776

256

80[6]

H/O/D

32-bit

H/O/D

32-bit/
16-bit[3]

LPC1774

128

40[7]

5/4[4]

32-bit/
8-bit[4]

LPC178x

LPC177x

[1]

All types include 2 CAN channels, 3 SSP interfaces, 3 I2C interfaces, I2S, DAC, and an 8-channel 12-bit ADC.

[2]

Maximum data bus width for available packages. Smaller widths may be used. See Section 10.1 for details of external bus usage on
different packages.

[3]

On 180-pin packages, the external bus is limited to 16 bits.

[4]

On 144-pin packages, UART4 and the DAC are not available, and the external bus is limited to 8 bits.

[5]

64 kB CPU SRAM plus 32 kB peripheral SRAM.

[6]

64 kB CPU SRAM plus 16 kB peripheral SRAM.

[7]

32 kB CPU SRAM plus 8 kB peripheral SRAM.

[8]

16 kB CPU SRAM plus 8 kB peripheral SRAM.

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Chapter 1: Introductory information

TEST/DEBUG
INTERFACE

ARM Cortex-M3
I-code
bus

General
Purpose
DMA
controller

Ethernet
10/100
MAC

USB bus or
tranceiver
USB
OTG/
Host/
Device

LCD
panel
interface

USB
registers

EEPROM
4 kB
Flash
Accelerator

LCD
registers

Boot ROM
8 kB
Static / Dynamic
Memory Controller

APB slave group 0

UARTs 0 & 1

APB slave group 1

SSP1

SSP0 & 2

CAN 1 & 2

I2S

I2C 0 & 1

I2C 2

Capture/Match timer 0 & 1

Capture/Match timer 2 & 3

PWM0 & 1

SD card interface

12-bit ADC

DAC

Pin connect block

Motor control PWM

GPIO interrupt control

Quadrature Encoder i/f

Event Inputs

External interrupts

Windowed Watchdog

System control
Note:
- Orange shaded peripheral blocks
support General Purpose DMA.
- Yellow shaded peripheral blocks
include a dedicated DMA controller.

ALARM
ultra-low power
regulator

Real Time Clock

Backup registers
(20 bytes)

110519

RTC Power Domain

Fig 1.

26-bit addr
32-bit data

UARTs 2, 3, & 4

Event Monitor/
Recorder

32 kHz oscillator

Flash
512 kB

SRAM
96 kB

Multilayer AHB Matrix

CRC
engine

Watchdog oscillator

Vbat

clock generation,
power control,
and other
system functions

D-code System
bus
bus

General Purpose
I/O ports
Ethernet
registers

clocks
and
controls

RST

Ethernet PHY LCD

interface
panel

Xtalin

JTAG
interface

Xtalout

5. Simplified block diagram

LPC178x/177x simplified block diagram

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Chapter 1: Introductory information

1.6 Architectural overview

The ARM Cortex-M3 includes three AHB-Lite buses, one system bus and the I-code and
D-code buses which are faster and are used similarly to Tightly Coupled Memory
interfaces: one bus dedicated for instruction fetch (I-code) and one bus for data access
(D-code). The use of two core buses allows for simultaneous operations if concurrent
operations target different devices.
The LPC178x/177x uses a multi-layer AHB matrix to connect the Cortex-M3 buses and
other bus masters to peripherals in a flexible manner that optimizes performance by
allowing peripherals on different slaves ports of the matrix to be accessed simultaneously
by different bus masters. Details of the multilayer matrix connections are shown in
Figure 2.
APB peripherals are connected to the CPU via two APB buses using separate slave ports
from the multilayer AHB matrix. This allows for better performance by reducing collisions
between the CPU and the DMA controller. The APB bus bridges are configured to buffer
writes so that the CPU or DMA controller can write to APB devices without always waiting
for APB write completion.

1.7 ARM Cortex-M3 processor

The ARM Cortex-M3 is a general purpose 32-bit microprocessor, which offers high
performance and very low power consumption. The Cortex-M3 offers many new features,
including a Thumb-2 instruction set, low interrupt latency, hardware divide,
interruptible/continuable multiple load and store instructions, automatic state save and
restore for interrupts, tightly integrated interrupt controller with Wakeup Interrupt
Controller, and multiple core buses capable of simultaneous accesses.
Pipeline techniques are employed so that all parts of the processing and memory systems
can operate continuously. Typically, while one instruction is being executed, its successor
is being decoded, and a third instruction is being fetched from memory.
The ARM Cortex-M3 processor is described in detail in the Cortex-M3 User Guide that is
appended to this manual.

1.7.1 Cortex-M3 Configuration Options

The LPC178x/177x uses the r2p0 version of the Cortex-M3 CPU, which includes a
number of configurable options, as noted below.
System options:

The Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) is included. The NVIC includes the
SYSTICK timer.

The Wakeup Interrupt Controller (WIC) is included. The WIC allows more powerful
options for waking up the CPU from reduced power modes.

A Memory Protection Unit (MPU) is included.

A ROM Table in included. The ROM Table provides addresses of debug components
to external debug systems.
Debug related options:
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Chapter 1: Introductory information

A JTAG debug interface is included.

Serial Wire Debug is included. Serial Wire Debug allows debug operations using only
2 wires, simple trace functions can be added with a third wire.

The Embedded Trace Macrocell (ETM) is included. The ETM provides instruction
trace capabilities.

The Data Watchpoint and Trace (DWT) unit is included. The DWT allows data
address or data value matches to be trace information or trigger other events. The
DWT includes 4 comparators and counters for certain internal events.

An Instrumentation Trace Macrocell (ITM) is included. Software can write to the ITM in
order to send messages to the trace port.

The Trace Port Interface Unit (TPIU) is included. The TPIU encodes and provides
trace information to the outside world. This can be on the Serial Wire Viewer pin or the
4-bit parallel trace port.

A Flash Patch and Breakpoint (FPB) is included. The FPB can generate hardware
breakpoints and remap specific addresses in code space to SRAM as a temporary
method of altering non-volatile code. The FPB includes 2 literal comparators and 6
instruction comparators.

1.8 On-chip flash memory system

The LPC178x/177x contains up to 512 kB of on-chip flash memory. A flash memory
accelerator maximizes performance for CPU accesses. This memory may be used for
both code and data storage. Programming of the flash memory may be accomplished in
several ways. It may be programmed In System via the serial port. The application
program may also erase and/or program the flash while the application is running,
allowing a great degree of flexibility for data storage field firmware upgrades, etc.

1.9 On-chip Static RAM

The LPC178x/177x contains up to 96 kB of on-chip static RAM memory. Up to 64 kB of
SRAM, accessible by the CPU and the General Purpose DMA controller, is on a
higher-speed bus. Up to 32 kB SRAM is provided in up to two additional 16 kB SRAM
blocks for use primarily for peripheral data. When both SRAMs are present, they are
situated on separate slave ports on the AHB multilayer matrix.
This architecture allows the possibility for CPU and DMA accesses to be separated in
such a way that there are few or no delays for the bus masters. It also allows separation of
data for different peripherals functions, in order to improve system performance. For
example, LCD DMA can be occurring in one SRAM while Ethernet DMA is occurring in
another, all while the CPU is using the system SRAM for data and/or instruction access.

1.10 On-chip EEPROM

The LPC178x/177x contains up to 4 kB of on-chip EEPROM memory. The EEPROM is
accessible only by the CPU.

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Chapter 1: Introductory information

TEST/DEBUG
INTERFACE

ARM Cortex-M3
I-code
bus

General
Purpose
DMA
controller

Ethernet
10/100
MAC

LCD
panel
interface

USB bus or
tranceiver

D-code System
bus
bus

EEPROM
4 kB

Mem Ctl
registers
Multilayer
AHB Matrix

Flash
Accelerator

Flash
512 kB

System RAM
64 kB

Boot ROM
8 kB

Periph. RAM
16 kB

Periph. RAM
16 kB

GPDMA
registers

Ethernet
registers

AHB to
APB bridge

AHB to
APB bridge

LCD
registers

USB
registers

D[31:0]
Static / Dynamic A[25:0]
Memory
control
Controller

CRC
engine

APB slave group 1

SSP1

SSP0 & 2

CAN 1 & 2

I2S

I2C 0 & 1

I2C 2

Capture/Match timer 0 & 1

Capture/Match timer 2 & 3

PWM0 & 1

SD card interface

12-bit ADC

DAC

Pin connect block

Motor control PWM

GPIO interrupt control

Quadrature Encoder i/f

Event Inputs

External interrupts

Windowed Watchdog

System control
Note:
- Orange shaded peripheral blocks
support General Purpose DMA.
- Yellow shaded peripheral blocks
include a dedicated DMA controller.

Event Monitor/
Recorder

32 kHz oscillator
ultra-low power
regulator

HS
GPIO

UARTs 2, 3, & 4

ALARM
Real Time Clock
Backup registers
(20 bytes)

110519

RTC Power Domain

Fig 2.

Driver ROM
16 kB

APB slave group 0

UARTs 0 & 1

Watchdog oscillator

Vbat

clock generation, CLK

power control, OUT
and other
system functions
Vdd
voltage regulator

clocks
and
controls
internal
power

USB
OTG/
Host/Dev

RST

Ethernet PHY LCD

interface
panel

Xtalin

JTAG
interface

Xtalout

1.11 Detailed block diagram

LPC178x/177x block diagram, CPU and buses

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Chapter 2: LPC178x/7x Memory map
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2.1 Memory map and peripheral addressing

The ARM Cortex-M3 processor has a single 4 GB address space. The following table
shows how this space is used on the LPC178x/177x.
Table 3.

LPC178x/177x memory usage and details

Address range

General Use

Address range details and description

0x0000 0000 to
0x1FFF FFFF

On-chip non-volatile
memory

0x0000 0000 - 0x0007 FFFF

For devices with 512 kB of flash memory.

0x0000 0000 - 0x0003 FFFF

For devices with 256 kB of flash memory.

0x0000 0000 - 0x0001 FFFF

For devices with 128 kB of flash memory.

0x0000 0000 - 0x0000 FFFF

For devices with 64 kB of flash memory.

0x1000 0000 - 0x1000 FFFF

For devices with 64 kB of local SRAM.

0x1000 0000 - 0x1000 7FFF

For devices with 32 kB of local SRAM.

0x1000 0000 - 0x1000 3FFF

For devices with 16 kB of local SRAM.

On-chip SRAM

0x2000 0000 to
0x3FFF FFFF

0x4000 0000 to
0x7FFF FFFF

0x8000 0000 to
0xDFFF FFFF

Boot ROM

0x1FFF 0000 - 0x1FFF 1FFF

8 kB Boot ROM with flash services.

On-chip SRAM
(typically used for
peripheral data)

0x2000 0000 - 0x2000 1FFF

Peripheral RAM - bank 0 (first 8 kB)

0x2002 0000 - 0x2000 3FFF

Peripheral RAM - bank 0 (second 8 kB)

0x2000 4000 - 0x2000 7FFF

Peripheral RAM - bank 1 (16 kB)

AHB peripherals

0x2008 0000 - 0x200B FFFF

See Section 2.3.1 for details

APB Peripherals

0x4000 0000 - 0x4007 FFFF

APB0 Peripherals, up to 32 peripheral blocks of

16 kB each.

0x4008 0000 - 0x400F FFFF

APB1 Peripherals, up to 32 peripheral blocks of

16 kB each.

Off-chip Memory via

the External Memory
Controller

Four static memory chip selects:

0x8000 0000 - 0x83FF FFFF

Static memory chip select 0 (up to 64 MB)[1]

0x9000 0000 - 0x93FF FFFF

Static memory chip select 1 (up to 64 MB)[2]

0x9800 0000 - 0x9BFF FFFF

Static memory chip select 2 (up to 64 MB)

0x9C00 0000 - 0x9FFF FFFF

Static memory chip select 3 (up to 64 MB)

Four dynamic memory chip selects:

0xA000 0000 - 0xAFFF FFFF

0xE000 0000 to
0xE00F FFFF

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Cortex-M3 Private
Peripheral Bus

Dynamic memory chip select 0 (up to 256MB)

0xB000 0000 - 0xBFFF FFFF

Dynamic memory chip select 1 (up to 256MB)

0xC000 0000 - 0xCFFF FFFF

Dynamic memory chip select 2 (up to 256MB)

0xD000 0000 - 0xDFFF FFFF

Dynamic memory chip select 3 (up to 256MB)

0xE000 0000 - 0xE00F FFFF

Cortex-M3 related functions, includes the NVIC

and System Tick Timer.

[1]

Can be up to 256 MB, upper address 0x8FFF FFFF, if the address shift mode is enabled. See SCS register
bit 0 (Section 3.8.1).

[2]

Can be up to 128 MB, upper address 0x97FF FFFF, if the address shift mode is enabled. See SCS register
bit 0 (Section 3.8.1).

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Chapter 2: LPC178x/7x Memory map

2.2 Memory maps

The LPC178x/177x incorporates several distinct memory regions, shown in the following
figures. Figure 3 shows the overall map of the entire address space from the user
program viewpoint following reset. The interrupt vector area supports address remapping,
which is described later in this section.
Figure 3 and Table 5 show different views of the peripheral address space. The AHB
peripheral area is 2 megabyte in size, and is divided to allow for up to 128 peripherals.
The APB peripheral area is 1 megabyte in size and is divided to allow for up to 64
peripherals. Each peripheral of either type is allocated 16 kilobytes of space. This allows
simplifying the address decoding for each peripheral.

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Chapter 2: LPC178x/7x Memory map

LPC178x/7x
memory space
4 GB

0xFFFF FFFF

reserved
private peripheral bus
reserved
external memory
(4 dynamic chip selects)
external memory
(4 static chip selects)

2 GB

0xA000 0000

14
motor ctl PWM
13-12
reserved

0xE004 0000

11
10

SSP2
I2S

9
8

UART4
I2C2

7
6

UART3
UART2

0x4000 0000

5
4

Timer3
Timer2

0x2400 0000

3
2

DAC
SSP0

0x2200 0000

1-0

reserved

0x4400 0000

APB peripheral
bit-band addressing

0x4200 0000

reserved
APB peripheral group 1
APB peripheral group 0

1 GB

0xE000 0000

0xE010 0000

0x8000 0000

reserved

reserved
peripheral RAM bit-band
addressing
reserved

0x4010 0000
0x4008 0000

0x2008 0000

peripheral RAM 1
0x2000 4000
peripheral RAM 0
0x2000 0000

8 kB boot ROM

0x1FFF 0000

reserved
I-Code and
D-Code
memory space

0x1001 0000

64 kB local RAM
0x1000 0000

reserved

0x0008 0000

512 kB flash memory

0x0000 0000
0x0400
0x0000

active interrupt
vectors

0x200A 0000
0x2009 C000
0x2009 8000
0x2009 4000
0x2009 0000
0x2008 C000
0x2008 8000
0x2008 4000
0x2008 0000

AHB peripherals
7 EMC registers
6
GPIO
5
4

reserved
CRC engine

3
USB
2 LCD controller
1
0

Ethernet
GP DMA ctlr

110224

Fig 3.

reserved
I2C1
reserved
CAN 2
CAN 1

0x400F C000
0x400C 4000
0x400C 0000
0x400B C000
0x400B 8000
0x400B 0000

0x400A 4000
0x400A 0000
0x4009 C000
0x4009 8000
0x4009 4000
0x4009 0000
0x4008 C000
0x4008 8000
0x4008 0000

APB0 peripherals
31-24
23
22-19
18
17

0x4010 0000

0x400A C000
0x400A 8000

0x200C 0000

AHB peripherals

0.5 GB

APB1 peripherals
31
system control
30-17
reserved
16
SD card
15
QEI

0x4008 0000
0x4006 0000
0x4005 C000
0x4004 C000
0x4004 8000

0x4004 4000
16
CAN common
0x4004 0000
15 CAN AF registers
0x4003 C000
14
CAN AF RAM
0x4003 8000
13
ADC
0x4003 4000
12
SSP1
0x4003 0000
11
pin connect
0x4002 C000
10 GPIO interrupts
0x4002 8000
9
RTC
0x4002 4000
8
reserved
0x4002 0000
7
I2C0
0x4001 C000
6
PWM1
0x4001 8000
5
PWM0
0x4001 4000
4
UART1
0x4001 0000
3
UART0
0x4000 C000
2
Timer1
0x4000 8000
1
Timer0
0x4000 4000
0
Watchdog timer
0x4000 0000

LPC1788 system memory map

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Chapter 2: LPC178x/7x Memory map

2.3 On-chip peripherals

All peripheral register addresses are word aligned (to 32-bit boundaries) regardless of
their size. This eliminates the need for byte lane mapping hardware that would be required
to allow byte (8-bit) or half-word (16-bit) accesses to occur at smaller boundaries. An
implication of this is that word and half-word registers must be accessed all at once. For
example, it is not possible to read or write the upper byte of a word register separately.

2.3.1 AHB peripherals

The following table shows the addresses of peripheral functions that reside directly on the
AHB bus matrix. Complete register descriptions may be found in the relevant chapters.
Table 4.

AHB peripherals and base addresses

AHB peripheral

Address range

Peripheral name

0x2008 0000 to 0x2008 3FFF

General Purpose DMA controller

0x2008 4000 to 0x2008 7FFF

Ethernet MAC

0x2008 8000 to 0x2008 BFFF

LCD controller

0x2008 C000 to 0x2008 FFFF

USB interface

0x2009 0000 to 0x2009 3FFF

CRC engine

0x2009 4000 to 0x2009 7FFF

reserved

0x2009 8000 to 0x2009 BFFF

GPIO

0x2009 C000 to 0x2009 FFFF

External Memory Controller

8 to 15

0x200A 0000 to 0x200B FFFF

reserved

2.3.2 APB peripheral addresses

The following table shows the address maps of the 2 APB buses. APB peripherals do not
use all of the 16 kB space allocated to them. Typically each devices registers are
"aliased" or repeated at multiple locations within each 16 kB range.
Table 5.

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APB0 peripherals and base addresses

APB0 peripheral

Base address

Peripheral name

0x4000 0000

Watchdog Timer

0x4000 4000

Timer 0

0x4000 8000

Timer 1

0x4000 C000

UART0

0x4001 0000

UART1

0x4001 4000

PWM0

0x4001 8000

PWM1

0x4001 C000

I2C0

0x4002 0000

reserved

0x4002 4000

RTC and Event Monitor/Recorder

10

0x4002 8000

GPIO interrupts

11

0x4002 C000

Pin Connect Block

12

0x4003 0000

SSP1

13

0x4003 4000

ADC

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Table 5.

APB0 peripherals and base addresses

APB0 peripheral

Base address

Peripheral name

14

0x4003 8000

CAN Acceptance Filter RAM

15

0x4003 C000

CAN Acceptance Filter Registers

16

0x4004 0000

CAN Common Registers

17

0x4004 4000

CAN Controller 1

18

0x4004 8000

CAN Controller 2

19 to 22

0x4004 C000 to 0x4005 8000

reserved

23

0x4005 C000

I2C1

24 to 31

0x4006 0000 to 0x4007 C000

reserved

Table 6.

APB1 peripherals and base addresses

APB1 peripheral

Base address

Peripheral name

0 to 1

0x4008 0000 to 0x4008 4000

reserved

0x4008 8000

SSP0

0x4008 C000

DAC

0x4009 0000

Timer 2

0x4009 4000

Timer 3

0x4009 8000

UART2

0x4009 C000

UART3

0x400A 0000

I2C2

0x400A 4000

UART4

10

0x400A 8000

I2S

11

0x400A C000

SSP2

12 to 13

0x400B 0000 to 0x400B 4000

reserved

14

0x400B 8000

Motor control PWM

15

0x400B C000

Quadrature Encoder Interface

16

0x400C 0000

SD card interface

17 to 30

0x400D 0000 to 0x400F 8000

reserved

31

0x400F C000

System control

2.4 Memory re-mapping

The Cortex-M3 incorporates a mechanism that allows remapping the interrupt vector table
to alternate locations in the memory map. This is controlled via the Vector Table Offset
Register contained in the Cortex-M3. Refer to the NVIC description Section 6.4 and
Section 39.4.3.5 of the Cortex-M3 User Guide appended to this manual for details of the
Vector Table Offset feature.
In the case of flashless operation, user program starting at address 0x8000 0000 must set
up an interrupt vector table. For more on flashless operation, see Section 7.2 Boot
control.

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Boot ROM re-mapping

Following a hardware reset, the Boot ROM is temporarily mapped to address 0. This is
normally transparent to the user. However, if execution is halted immediately after reset by
a debugger, it should correct the mapping for the user. See Section 38.8.

2.5 AHB arbitration

The Multilayer AHB Matrix arbitrates between several masters, only if they attempt to
access the same matrix slave port at the same time. By default, the Cortex-M3 D-code
bus has the highest priority, followed by the I-Code bus. All other masters share a lower
priority.
The default priority can be altered by the user if care is taken. This may be particularly
useful if the LCD interface is used and it has difficulty getting sufficient data.

2.5.1 Matrix Arbitration register (Matrix_Arb - 0x400F C188)

The Matrix Arbitration register provides the ability to change the default AHB Matrix
arbitration priorities.
Table 7.

Matrix Arbitration register (Matrix_Arb - 0x400F C188) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

1:0

PRI_ICODE

I-Code bus priority. Should be lower than PRI_DCODE for proper operation.

0x1

3:2

PRI_DCODE

D-Code bus priority.

0x3

5:4

PRI_SYS

System bus priority.

7:6

PRI_GPDMA

General Purpose DMA controller priority.

9:8

PRI_ETH

Ethernet DMA priority.

11:10

PRI_LCD

LCD DMA priority.

13:12

PRI_USB

USB DMA priority.

15:14

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

16

ROM_LAT

ROM latency select. Should always be 0.

31:17

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

The values used for the various priorities are 3 = highest, 0 = lowest.
An example of a way to give priority to the LCD DMA is to use the value 0x0000 0C09.
The gives the LCD highest priority, D-code second priority, I-Code third priority, and all
others lowest priority.
Where in the memory space code and various types of data are located can be managed
to help minimize the need for arbitration and possible starvation of any of the bus masters,
as well as a need for changing the default priorities. For instance, LCD refresh from
off-chip memory connected to the EMC, while also executing off-chip code via the EMC
can cause a great deal of arbitration.

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Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

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3.1 Introduction
The system control block includes several system features and control registers for a
number of functions that are not related to specific peripheral devices. These include:

Chip Reset (see Section 3.4)

Peripheral Reset control (see Section 3.5)
Brown-Out Detection (see Section 3.6)
External Interrupt Inputs (see Section 3.7)
Miscellaneous System Controls and Status (see Section 3.8)

Each type of function has its own register(s) if any are required and unneeded bits are
defined as reserved in order to allow future expansion.

3.2 Pin description

Table 8 shows pins that are associated with System Control block functions.
Table 8.

Pin summary

Pin name

Pin
direction

Pin description

EINT0

Input

External Interrupt Input 0 - An active low/high level or falling/rising edge general purpose
interrupt input. This pin may be used to wake up the processor from Sleep, Deep-sleep, or
Power-down modes.

EINT1

Input

External Interrupt Input 1 - See the EINT0 description above.

EINT2

Input

External Interrupt Input 2 - See the EINT0 description above.

EINT3

Input

External Interrupt Input 3 - See the EINT0 description above.

RESET

Input

External Reset input - A LOW on this pin resets the chip, causing I/O ports and peripherals to
take on their default states, and the processor to begin execution at address 0x0000 0000.

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3.3 Register description

All registers, regardless of size, are on word address boundaries. Details of the registers
appear in the description of each function.
Table 9.

Summary of system control registers

Name

Description

Access

Reset value

Address

Table

R/W

see Table 10

0x400F C180

10

Reset

RSID

Reset Source Identification Register

Peripheral Reset Control

RSTCON0

Individual peripheral reset control bits

R/W

0x400F C1CC

11

RSTCON1

Individual peripheral reset control bits

R/W

0x400F C1D0

12

External Interrupts

EXTINT

External Interrupt Flag Register

R/W

0x400F C140

14

EXTMODE

External Interrupt Mode register

R/W

0x400F C148

15

EXTPOLAR

External Interrupt Polarity Register

R/W

0x400F C14C

16

R/W

0x400F C1A0

17

Syscon Miscellaneous Registers

SCS

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3.4 Chip reset

Reset has 6 sources on the LPC178x/177x: the RESET pin, Watchdog Reset, Power On
Reset (POR), Brown Out Detect (BOD), system reset, and lockup.
The RESET pin is a Schmitt trigger input pin. Assertion of chip Reset by any source, once
the operating voltage attains a usable level, starts the wake-up timer (see description in
Section 4.8 Wake-up timer in this chapter), causing reset to remain asserted until the
external Reset is de-asserted, the oscillator is running, a fixed number of clocks have
passed, and the flash controller has completed its initialization. The reset logic is shown in
the following block diagram (see Figure 4).

external
reset

Reset to the
on-chip circuitry

C
Q

watchdog
reset

Reset to
PCON.PD

POR
BOD

WAKE-UP TIMER
START
power-down
COUNT 2 n

EINT0 wake-up
EINT1 wake-up

internal RC
oscillator

S
write 1
from APB

EINT2 wake-up
EINT3 wake-up
RTC wake-up
BOD wake-up
Ethernet MAC wake-up

reset
APB read of
PDBIT
in PCON

USB need_clk wake-up

CAN wake-up
GPIO0 port wake-up
GPIO2 port wake-up

Fig 4.

FOSC
to other
blocks

Reset block diagram including the wake-up timer

On the assertion of a reset source external to the Cortex-M3 CPU (POR, BOD reset,
External reset, and Watchdog reset), the IRC starts up. After the IRC-start-up time
(maximum of 60 s on power-up) and after the IRC provides a stable clock output, the
reset signal is latched and synchronized on the IRC clock. Then the following two
sequences start simultaneously:
1. The 2-bit IRC wake-up timer starts counting when the synchronized reset is
de-asserted. The boot code in the ROM starts when the 2-bit IRC wake-up timer times
out. The boot code performs the boot tasks and may jump to the flash. If the flash is
not ready to access, the Flash Accelerator will insert wait cycles until the flash is
ready.

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2. The flash wake-up timer (9-bit) starts counting when the synchronized reset is
de-asserted. The flash wakeup-timer generates the 100 s flash start-up time. Once it
times out, the flash initialization sequence is started, which takes about 250 cycles.
When its done, the Flash Accelerator will be granted access to the flash.
When the internal Reset is removed, the processor begins executing at address 0, which
is initially the Reset vector mapped from the Boot Block. At that point, all of the processor
and peripheral registers have been initialized to predetermined values.
Figure 5 shows an example of the relationship between the RESET, the IRC, and the
processor status when the LPC178x/177x starts up after reset. See Section 4.3.2 Main
oscillator for start-up of the main oscillator if selected by the user code.

IRC
starts

IRC
stable

IRC status

RESET

VDD(REG)(3V3)
valid threshold

GND
60 s

1 s; IRC stability count

boot time

supply ramp-up
time

boot code executing

user code

processor status
boot code
execution
finishes;
user code starts

Fig 5.

Example of start-up after reset

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3.4.1 Reset Source Identification Register (RSID - 0x400F C180)

This register contains one bit for each source of Reset. Writing a 1 to any of these bits
clears the corresponding read-side bit to 0. The interactions among the four sources are
described below.
Table 10.

Reset Source Identification register (RSID - address 0x400F C180) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

POR

Assertion of the POR signal sets this bit, and clears all of the other bits in this register. But See
if another Reset signal (e.g., External Reset) remains asserted after the POR signal is
description
negated, then its bit is set. This bit is not affected by any of the other sources of Reset.

EXTR

Assertion of the external RESET signal sets this bit. This bit is cleared only by software or See
POR.
description

WDTR

This bit is set when the Watchdog Timer times out and the WDTRESET bit in the
Watchdog Mode Register is 1. This bit is cleared only by software or POR.

BODR

This bit is set when the VDD(REG)(3V3) voltage reaches a level below the BOD reset trip level See
(typically 1.85 V under nominal room temperature conditions).
description

See
description

If the VDD(REG)(3V3) voltage dips from the normal operating range to below the BOD reset
trip level and recovers, the BODR bit will be set to 1.
If the VDD(REG)(3V3) voltage dips from the normal operating range to below the BOD reset
trip level and continues to decline to the level at which POR is asserted (nominally 1 V),
the BODR bit is cleared.
If the VDD(REG)(3V3) voltage rises continuously from below 1 V to a level above the BOD
reset trip level, the BODR will be set to 1.
This bit is cleared only by software or POR.
Note: Only in the case where a reset occurs and the POR = 0, the BODR bit indicates if
the VDD(REG)(3V3) voltage was below the BOD reset trip level or not.

SYSRESET This bit is set if the processor has been reset due to a system reset request, as described See
description
in Section 39.4.3.6 Application Interrupt and Reset Control Register. Setting the
SYSRESETREQ bit in the Cortex-M3 AIRCR register causes a chip reset in the
LPC178x/177x. This bit is cleared only by software or POR.

LOCKUP

31:6 -

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This bit is set if the processor has been reset due to a lockup, as described in
See
Section 39.3.4.4 Lockup. The lockup state causes a chip reset in the LPC178x/177x. This description
bit is cleared only by software or POR.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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3.5 Peripheral reset control

Most peripheral functions on the LPC17M6x can have a hardware reset initiated by
software by setting appropriate bits in the RSTCON0 and RSTCON1 registers. Software
must clear the RSTCON register after this in order to allow the peripheral to function. A
peripheral remains in a hardware reset state as long as the corresponding bit in RSTCON
= 1.

3.5.1 Reset control register 0 (RSTCON0 - 0x400F C1CC)

Many peripherals may be given a hardware reset using the RSTCON0 register. These are
described in Table 11 below. Some additional peripherals may be reset using the
RSTCON1 register following.
Table 11.

Reset control register 0 (RSTCON0 - - 0x400F C1CC) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

RSTLCD

LCD controller reset control bit.

RSTTIM0

Timer/Counter 0 reset control bit.

RSTTIM1

Timer/Counter 1 reset control bit.

RSTUART0

UART0 reset control bit.

RSTUART1

UART1 reset control bit.

RSTPWM0

PWM0 reset control bit.

RSTPWM1

PWM1 reset control bit.

RSTI2C0

The I2C0 interface reset control bit.

RSTUART4

UART4 reset control bit.

RSTRTC

RTC and Event Monitor/Recorder reset control bit. RTC reset is limited, see
Table 620 Real-Time Clock register map for details.

10

RSTSSP1

The SSP 1 interface reset control bit.

11

RSTEMC

External Memory Controller reset control bit.

12

RSTADC

A/D converter (ADC) reset control bit.

13

RSTCAN1

CAN Controller 1 reset control bit. Note: The CAN acceptance filter may be reset
by a separate bit in the RSTCON1 register.

14

RSTCAN2

CAN Controller 2 reset control bit. Note: The CAN acceptance filter may be reset
by a separate bit in the RSTCON1 register.

15

RSTGPIO

Reset control bit for GPIO, and GPIO interrupts. Note: IOCON may be reset by a
separate bit in the RSTCON1 register.

16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

17

RSTMCPWM

Motor Control PWM reset control bit.

18

RSTQEI

Quadrature Encoder Interface reset control bit.

19

RSTI2C1

The I2C1 interface reset control bit.

20

RSTSSP2

The SSP2 interface reset control bit.

21

RSTSSP0

The SSP0 interface reset control bit.

22

RSTTIM2

Timer 2 reset control bit.

23

RSTTIM3

Timer 3 reset control bit.

24

RSTUART2

UART 2 reset control bit.

25

RSTUART3

UART 3 reset control bit.

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Table 11.
Bit

26
27

Reset control register 0 (RSTCON0 - - 0x400F C1CC) bit description

Symbol

Description

Reset value

RSTI2C2

I2C

interface 2 reset control bit.

RSTI2S

I2S

interface reset control bit.

28

RSTSDC

SD Card interface reset control bit.

29

RSTGPDMA

GPDMA function reset control bit.

30

RSTENET

Ethernet block reset control bit.

31

RSTUSB

USB interface reset control bit.

3.5.2 Reset control register 1 (RSTCON1 - 0x400F C1D0)

Some additional peripherals may be given a hardware reset using the RSTCON1 register,
as shown in Table 12 below.
Table 12.

Reset control register 1 (RSTCON1 - 0x400F C1D0) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

RSTIOCON

Reset control bit for the IOCON registers.

RSTDAC

D/A converter (DAC) reset control bit.

RSTCANACC

CAN acceptance filter reset control bit.

31:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

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3.6 Brown-out detection

The LPC178x/177x includes a Brown-Out Detector (BOD) that provides 2-stage
monitoring of the voltage on the VDD(REG)(3V3) pins. If this voltage falls below the BOD
interrupt trip level (typically 2.2 V under nominal room temperature conditions), the BOD
asserts an interrupt signal to the NVIC. This signal can be enabled for interrupt in the
Interrupt Enable Register in the NVIC in order to cause a CPU interrupt; if not, software
can monitor the signal by reading the Raw Interrupt Status Register.
The second stage of low-voltage detection asserts Reset to inactivate the LPC178x/177x
when the voltage on the VDD(REG)(3V3) pins falls below the BOD reset trip level (typically
1.85 V under nominal room temperature conditions). This Reset prevents alteration of the
flash as operation of the various elements of the chip would otherwise become unreliable
due to low voltage. The BOD circuit maintains this reset down below 1 V, at which point
the Power-On Reset circuitry maintains the overall Reset.
Both the BOD reset interrupt level and the BOD reset trip level thresholds include some
hysteresis. In normal operation, this hysteresis allows the BOD reset interrupt level
detection to reliably interrupt, or a regularly-executed event loop to sense the condition.
But when Brown-Out Detection is enabled to bring the LPC178x/177x out of Power-down
mode (which is itself not a guaranteed operation -- see Section 4.7.8 Power Mode
Control register (PCON - 0x400F C0C0)), the supply voltage may recover from a
transient before the wake-up timer has completed its delay. In this case, the net result of
the transient BOD is that the part wakes up and continues operation after the instructions
that set Power-down mode, without any interrupt occurring and with the BOD bit in the
RSID being 0. Since all other wake-up conditions have latching flags (see Section 3.7.2
External Interrupt flag register (EXTINT - 0x400F C140) and Section 29.6.2), a wake-up
of this type, without any apparent cause, can be assumed to be a Brown-Out that has
gone away.

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3.7 External interrupt inputs

The LPC178x/177x includes four External Interrupt Inputs as selectable pin functions. The
logic of an individual external interrupt is represented in Figure 6. In addition, external
interrupts have the ability to wake up the CPU from Power-down mode. Refer to
Section 4.7.9 Wake-up from Reduced Power Modes for details.

EINTi interrupt enable

EINTi pin

EINTi to wakeup timer

GLITCH
FILTER
Interrupt flag
(one bit of EXTINT)

EXTPOLARi
S
1

S
Q

EXTMODEi

S
Q

PCLK

PCLK

to interrupt
controller
APB read
of EXTINTi

internal reset
write to EXTINTi
Fig 6.

External interrupt logic

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3.7.1 Register description

The external interrupt function has four registers associated with it. The EXTINT register
contains the interrupt flags. The EXTMODE and EXTPOLAR registers specify the level
and edge sensitivity parameters.
Table 13.

External Interrupt registers

Name

Description

Access

Reset
Address
value[1]

EXTINT

The External Interrupt Flag Register contains interrupt flags for EINT0,
EINT1, EINT2 and EINT3. See Table 14.

R/W

0x00

0x400F C140

EXTMODE

The External Interrupt Mode Register controls whether each pin is edge- R/W
or level-sensitive. See Table 15.

0x00

0x400F C148

EXTPOLAR

The External Interrupt Polarity Register controls which level or edge on

each pin will cause an interrupt. See Table 16.

0x00

0x400F C14C

[1]

R/W

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

3.7.2 External Interrupt flag register (EXTINT - 0x400F C140)

When a pin is selected for its external interrupt function, the level or edge on that pin
(selected by its bits in the EXTPOLAR and EXTMODE registers) will set its interrupt flag in
this register. This asserts the corresponding interrupt request to the NVIC, which will
cause an interrupt if interrupts from the pin are enabled.
Writing ones to bits EINT0 through EINT3 in EXTINT register clears the corresponding
bits. In level-sensitive mode the interrupt is cleared only when the pin is in its inactive
state.
Once a bit from EINT0 to EINT3 is set and an appropriate code starts to execute (handling
wake-up and/or external interrupt), this bit in EXTINT register must be cleared. Otherwise
event that was just triggered by activity on the EINT pin will not be recognized in future.
Important: whenever a change of external interrupt operating mode (i.e. active
level/edge) is performed (including the initialization of an external interrupt), the
corresponding bit in the EXTINT register must be cleared! For details see
Section 3.7.3 External Interrupt Mode register (EXTMODE - 0x400F C148) and
Section 3.7.4 External Interrupt Polarity register (EXTPOLAR - 0x400F C14C).
For example, if a system wakes up from Power-down using low level on external interrupt
0 pin, its post wake-up code must reset EINT0 bit in order to allow future entry into the
Power-down mode. If EINT0 bit is left set to 1, subsequent attempt(s) to invoke
Power-down mode will fail. The same goes for external interrupt handling.
More details on Power-down mode will be discussed in the following chapters.

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Table 14.

External Interrupt Flag register (EXTINT - address 0x400F C140) bit description

Bit

Symbol Description

EINT0

Reset
value

In level-sensitive mode, this bit is set if the EINT0 function is selected for its pin, and the pin is in its 0
active state. In edge-sensitive mode, this bit is set if the EINT0 function is selected for its pin, and
the selected edge occurs on the pin.
This bit is cleared by writing a one to it, except in level sensitive mode when the pin is in its active
state.[1]

EINT1

In level-sensitive mode, this bit is set if the EINT1 function is selected for its pin, and the pin is in its 0
active state. In edge-sensitive mode, this bit is set if the EINT1 function is selected for its pin, and
the selected edge occurs on the pin.
This bit is cleared by writing a one to it, except in level sensitive mode when the pin is in its active
state.[1]

EINT2

In level-sensitive mode, this bit is set if the EINT2 function is selected for its pin, and the pin is in its 0
active state. In edge-sensitive mode, this bit is set if the EINT2 function is selected for its pin, and
the selected edge occurs on the pin.
This bit is cleared by writing a one to it, except in level sensitive mode when the pin is in its active
state.[1]

EINT3

In level-sensitive mode, this bit is set if the EINT3 function is selected for its pin, and the pin is in its 0
active state. In edge-sensitive mode, this bit is set if the EINT3 function is selected for its pin, and
the selected edge occurs on the pin.
This bit is cleared by writing a one to it, except in level sensitive mode when the pin is in its active
state.[1]

31:4 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

NA

Example: e.g. if the EINTx is selected to be low level sensitive and low level is present on

corresponding pin, this bit can not be cleared; this bit can be cleared only when signal on the
pin becomes high.

3.7.3 External Interrupt Mode register (EXTMODE - 0x400F C148)

The bits in this register select whether each EINT pin is level- or edge-sensitive. Only pins
that are selected for the EINT function (see Section 8.3) and enabled in the appropriate
NVIC register) can cause interrupts from the External Interrupt function (though of course
pins selected for other functions may cause interrupts from those functions).
Note: Software should only change a bit in this register when its interrupt is
disabled in the NVIC (state readable in the ISERn/ICERn registers), and should write
the corresponding 1 to EXTINT before enabling (initializing) or re-enabling the
interrupt. An extraneous interrupt(s) could be set by changing the mode and not
having the EXTINT cleared.
Table 15.

External Interrupt Mode register (EXTMODE - address 0x400F C148) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset value

EXTMODE0

EINT0 is edge sensitive.

EXTMODE1

Level-sensitivity is selected for EINT1.

EINT1 is edge sensitive.

Level-sensitivity is selected for EINT2.

EINT2 is edge sensitive.

EXTMODE2

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Table 15.

External Interrupt Mode register (EXTMODE - address 0x400F C148) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset value

EXTMODE3

Level-sensitivity is selected for EINT3.

EINT3 is edge sensitive.

31:4 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

3.7.4 External Interrupt Polarity register (EXTPOLAR - 0x400F C14C)

In level-sensitive mode, the bits in this register select whether the corresponding pin is
high- or low-active. In edge-sensitive mode, they select whether the pin is rising- or
falling-edge sensitive. Only pins that are selected for the EINT function Only pins that are
selected for the EINT function (see Section 8.3) and enabled in the appropriate NVIC
register) can cause interrupts from the External Interrupt function (though of course pins
selected for other functions may cause interrupts from those functions).
Note: Software should only change a bit in this register when its interrupt is
disabled in the NVIC (state readable in the ISERn/ICERn registers), and should write
the corresponding 1 to EXTINT before enabling (initializing) or re-enabling the
interrupt. An extraneous interrupt(s) could be set by changing the polarity and not
having the EXTINT cleared.
Table 16.

External Interrupt Polarity register (EXTPOLAR - address 0x400F C14C) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Reset value

EXTPOLAR0

EINT0 is low-active or falling-edge sensitive (depending on EXTMODE0).

EINT0 is high-active or rising-edge sensitive (depending on EXTMODE0).

EINT1 is low-active or falling-edge sensitive (depending on EXTMODE1).

EINT1 is high-active or rising-edge sensitive (depending on EXTMODE1).

EINT2 is low-active or falling-edge sensitive (depending on EXTMODE2).

EINT2 is high-active or rising-edge sensitive (depending on EXTMODE2).

EINT3 is low-active or falling-edge sensitive (depending on EXTMODE3).

EXTPOLAR1

EXTPOLAR2

EXTPOLAR3

31:4

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0
0

EINT3 is high-active or rising-edge sensitive (depending on EXTMODE3).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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3.8 Other system controls and status flags

Some aspects of controlling LPC178x/177x operation that do not fit into peripheral or
other registers are grouped here.

3.8.1 System Controls and Status register (SCS - 0x400F C1A0)

The SCS register contains special control and status bits related to various aspects of chip
operation. These functions are described in Table 17.
Several of these bits apply to the main oscillator. Since chip operation always begins
using the Internal RC Oscillator, and the main oscillator may not be used at all in some
applications, it will only be started by software request. This is accomplished by setting the
OSCEN bit in the SCS register, as described in Table 3-13. The main oscillator provides a
status flag (the OSCSTAT bit in the SCS register) so that software can determine when
the oscillator is running and stable. At that point, software can control switching to the
main oscillator as a clock source. Prior to starting the main oscillator, a frequency range
must be selected by configuring the OSCRANGE bit in the SCS register.
Table 17.

System Controls and Status register (SCS - address 0x400F C1A0) bit description

Bit

Function

EMC Shift
Control

Value

Controls how addresses are output on the EMC address pins for static
memories. Also see Section 10.9 in the EMC chapter.

R/W

R/W

R/W

Static memory addresses are shifted to match the data bus width. For
example, when accessing a 32-bit wide data bus, the address is shifted
right 2 places such that bit 2 is the LSB. In this mode, address bit 0 for the
this device is connected to address bit 0 of the memory device, thus
simplifying memory connections. This also makes a larger memory
address range possible, because additional upper address bits can appear
on the higher address pins due to the shift.

Static memory addresses are always output as byte addresses regardless

of the data bus width. For example, when word data is accessed on a
32-bit bus, address bits 1 and 0 will always be 0. In this mode, one or both
lower address bits may not be connected to memories that are part of a
bus that is wider than 8 bits. This mode matches the operation of LPC23xx
and LPC24xx devices.
External Memory Controller Reset Disable. Also see Section 10.8 in the
EMC chapter.

Both EMC resets are asserted when any type of chip reset event occurs. In
this mode, all registers and functions of the EMC are initialized upon any
reset condition.

Many portions of the EMC are only reset by a power-on or brown-out

event, in order to allow the EMC to retain its state through a warm reset
(external reset or watchdog reset). If the EMC is configured correctly,
auto-refresh can be maintained through a warm reset.

EMC Burst
Control

User manual

Access Reset
value

EMC Reset
Disable[1]

UM10470

Description

External Memory Controller burst control. Also see Section 10.10 in the
EMC chapter.
0

Burst enabled.

Burst disabled. This mode can be used to prevent multiple sequential

accesses to memory mapped I/O devices connected to EMC static
memory chip selects. These unrequested accesses can cause issues with
some I/O devices.
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Table 17.

System Controls and Status register (SCS - address 0x400F C1A0) bit description

Bit

Function

MCIPWR

31:7

Value

Description

Access Reset
value

Selects the active level of the SD card interface signal SD_PWR.

R/W

R/W

R/W

RO

NA

Active

SD_PWR is active low (inverted output of the SD Card interface block).

Level[1]

SD_PWR is active high (follows the output of the SD Card interface block).

Oscillator
Range
Select
Oscillator
Enable

Oscillator
Status

Main oscillator range select.

0

The frequency range of the main oscillator is 1 MHz to 20 MHz.

The frequency range of the main oscillator is 15 MHz to 25 MHz.

Main oscillator enable.

The main oscillator is disabled.

The main oscillator is enabled, and will start up if the correct external
circuitry is connected to the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins.
Main oscillator status.

The main oscillator is not ready to be used as a clock source.

The main oscillator is ready to be used as a clock source. The main

oscillator must be enabled via the OSCEN bit.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

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4.1 Summary of clocking and power control functions

This section describes the generation of the various clocks needed by the LPC178x/177x
and options of clock source selection, as well as power control and wake-up from reduced
power modes. Functions described in the following subsections include:

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Oscillators (see Section 4.3)

PLLs (see Section 4.5)
Clock selection and dividers (see Section 4.6)
Power control (see Section 4.7)
Wake-up timer (see Section 4.8)
External clock output (see Section 4.9)

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system clock select

CLKSRCSEL[0]
irc_clk
osc_clk

110224

PLL0 settings
PLL0CON, PLL0CFG

PLL0 (Main PLL)

1

pll_clk
sysclk
alt_pll_clk

PLL1 (Alt PLL)

PLL1 settings
PLL1CON, PLL1CFG
sysclk

pll_clk

CPU Clock
Divider

CPU clock select

CCLKSEL[8]

cclk

CPU divide select

CCLKSEL[4:0]

Peripheral
Clock Divider

pclk

PCLK divide select

PCLKSEL[4:0]

EMC Clock
Divider

emc_clk

EMC divide select

EMCCLKSEL[0]
sysclk
pll_clk
alt_pll_clk

00
01
10

USB Clock
Divider

USB clock select

USBCLKSEL[9:8]
Fig 7.

usb_clk

USB divide select

USBCLKSEL[4:0]

Clock generation for the LPC178x/177x

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4.2 Register description

All registers, regardless of size, are on word address boundaries. Details of the registers
appear in the description of each function.
Table 18.

Summary of system control registers

Name

Description

Access

Reset value

Address

Table

R/W

0x400F C10C

21

System clock source selection

CLKSRCSEL

Clock Source Select Register

Phase Locked Loop 0 (PLL0, Main PLL)

PLL0CON

PLL0 Control register

R/W

0x400F C080

23

PLL0CFG

PLL0 Configuration register

R/W

0x400F C084

24

PLL0STAT

PLL0 Status register

RO

0x400F C088

25

PLL0FEED

PLL0 Feed register

WO

NA

0x400F C08C

26
23

Phase Locked Loop 1 (PLL1, Alt PLL)

PLL1CON

PLL1 Control register

R/W

0x400F C0A0

PLL1CFG

PLL1 Configuration register

R/W

0x400F C0A4

24

PLL1STAT

PLL1 Status register

RO

0x400F C0A8

25

PLL1FEED

PLL1 Feed register

WO

NA

0x400F C0AC

26

Clock dividers

CCLKSEL

CPU Clock Selection register

R/W

0x400F C104

30

USBCLKSEL

USB Clock Selection register

R/W

0x400F C108

31

EMCCLKSEL

External Memory Controller Clock Selection register

R/W

0X400F C100

32

PCLKSEL

Peripheral Clock Selection register

R/W

0x10

0x400F C1A8

33

PCON

Power Control register

R/W

0x400F C0C0

35

PCONP

Power Control for Peripherals

R/W

0x0408 829E

0x400F C0C4

37

Clock Output Configuration register

R/W

0x400F C1C8

40

Power control

Utility

CLKOUTCFG

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4.3 Oscillators
The LPC178x/177x includes three independent oscillators. These are the Main Oscillator,
the Internal RC Oscillator, and the RTC oscillator. Each oscillator can be used for more
than one purpose as required in a particular application. This can be seen in Figure 7.
Following Reset, the LPC178x/177x will operate from the Internal RC Oscillator until
switched by software. This allows systems to operate without any external crystal, and
allows the boot loader code to operate at a known frequency.

4.3.1 Internal RC oscillator

The Internal RC Oscillator (IRC) may be used as the clock that drives PLL0 and
subsequently the CPU. The precision of the IRC does not allow for use of the USB
interface, which requires a much more precise time base in order to comply with the USB
specification (only the main oscillator can meet that specification). Also, the IRC should
not be used with the CAN1/2 block if the CAN baud rate is higher than 100 kbit/s.The IRC
frequency is 12 MHz, factory trimmed to within 1% accuracy.
Upon power-up or any chip reset, the LPC178x/177x uses the IRC as the clock source.
Software may later switch to one of the other available clock sources.

4.3.2 Main oscillator

The main oscillator can be used as the clock source for the CPU, with or without using
PLL0. The main oscillator operates at frequencies of 1 MHz to 25 MHz. This frequency
can be boosted to a higher frequency, up to the maximum CPU operating frequency, by
the Main PLL (PLL0). The oscillator output is called OSC_CLK. The clock selected as the
PLL0 input is PLLCLKIN and the ARM processor clock frequency is referred to as CCLK
for purposes of rate equations, etc. elsewhere in this document. The frequencies of
PLLCLKIN and CCLK are the same value unless the PLL0 is active and connected. Refer
to Section 4.5 for details.
The on-board oscillator in the LPC178x/177x can operate in one of two modes: slave
mode and oscillation mode.
In slave mode the input clock signal should be coupled by means of a capacitor of 100 pF
(CC in Figure 8, drawing a), with an amplitude between 200 mVrms and 1000 mVrms.
This corresponds to a square wave signal with a signal swing of between 280 mV and 1.4
V. The XTAL2 pin in this configuration can be left unconnected.
External components and models used in oscillation mode are shown in Figure 8,
drawings b and c, and in Table 19 and Table 20. Since the feedback resistance is
integrated on chip, only a crystal and the capacitances CX1 and CX2 need to be connected
externally in case of fundamental mode oscillation (the fundamental frequency is
represented by L, CL and RS). Capacitance CP in Figure 8, drawing c, represents the
parallel package capacitance and should not be larger than 7 pF. Parameters FC, CL, RS
and CP are supplied by the crystal manufacturer.

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Chapter 4: LPC178x/7x Clocking and power control

LPC17xx

XTAL1

LPC17xx

XTAL2

XTAL1

XTAL2
L

<=>

CC

CL

CP

Xtal
Clock

CX1

a)

Fig 8.

CX2

RS

b)

c)

Oscillator modes and models: a) slave mode of operation, b) oscillation mode of operation, c) external
crystal model used for CX1/X2 evaluation
Table 19.

Recommended values for CX1/X2 in oscillation mode (crystal and external

components parameters) low frequency mode (OSCRANGE = 0, see Table 17)

Fundamental oscillation
frequency FOSC

Crystal load
capacitance CL

Maximum crystal
series resistance RS

External load
capacitors CX1, CX2

1 MHz - 5 MHz

10 pF

< 300

18 pF, 18 pF

20 pF

< 300

39 pF, 39 pF

30 pF

< 300

57 pF, 57 pF

10 pF

< 300

18 pF, 18 pF

20 pF

< 200

39 pF, 39 pF

30 pF

< 100

57 pF, 57 pF

10 pF

< 160

18 pF, 18 pF

20 pF

< 60

39 pF, 39 pF

10 pF

< 80

18 pF, 18 pF

5 MHz - 10 MHz

10 MHz - 15 MHz
15 MHz - 20 MHz
Table 20.

Recommended values for CX1/X2 in oscillation mode (crystal and external

components parameters) high frequency mode (OSCRANGE = 1, see Table 17)

Fundamental oscillation
frequency FOSC

Crystal load
capacitance CL

Maximum crystal
series resistance RS

External load
capacitors CX1, CX2

15 MHz - 20 MHz

10 pF

< 180

18 pF, 18 pF

20 pF

< 100

39 pF, 39 pF

10 pF

< 160

18 pF, 18 pF

20 pF

< 80

39 pF, 39 pF

20 MHz - 25 MHz

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4.3.2.1 Main oscillator startup

Since chip operation always begins using the Internal RC Oscillator, and the main
oscillator may not be used at all in some applications, it will only be started by software
request. This is accomplished by setting the OSCEN bit in the SCS register, as described
in Table 17. The main oscillator provides a status flag (the OSCSTAT bit in the SCS
register) so that software can determine when the oscillator is running and stable. At that
point, software can control switching to the main oscillator as a clock source. Prior to
starting the main oscillator, a frequency range must be selected by configuring the
OSCRANGE bit in the SCS register.

4.3.3 RTC oscillator

The RTC oscillator provides a 1 Hz clock to the RTC and a 32 kHz clock output that can
be output on the CLKOUT pin in order to allow trimming the RTC oscillator without
interference from a probe.

4.3.4 Watchdog oscillator

The Watchdog Timer has a dedicated oscillator that provides a 500 kHz clock to the
Watchdog Timer that is always running if the Watchdog Timer is enabled. The Watchdog
oscillator clock can be output on the CLKOUT pin in order to allow observe its frequency.
In order to allow Watchdog Timer operation with minimum power consumption, which can
be important in reduced power modes, the Watchdog oscillator frequency is not tightly
controlled. The Watchdog oscillator frequency will vary over temperature and power
supply within a particular part, and may vary by processing across different parts. This
variation should be taken into account when determining Watchdog reload values.
Within a particular part, temperature and power supply variations can produce up to a
17% frequency variation. Frequency variation between devices under the same
operating conditions can be up to 30%.

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4.4 Clock source selection multiplexer

Two clock sources may be chosen to drive the system clock (sysclk) and PLL0. These are
are the Internal RC oscillator and the main oscillator.
The clock source selection should only be changed safely when PLL0 is not connected.
For a detailed description of how to change the clock source in a system using PLL0 see
Section 4.5.11 PLL configuration sequence.

4.4.1 Clock Source Selection register (CLKSRCSEL - 0x400F C10C)

The CLKSRCSEL register controls selection of the clock used for sysclk and PLL0.
Table 21.

Clock Source Selection register (CLKSRCSEL - 0x400F C10C) bit description

Bit

Symbol

CLKSRC

31:1

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Value

Description

Reset value

Selects the clock source for sysclk and PLL0 as follows:

Selects the Internal RC oscillator as the sysclk and PLL0 clock source (default).

Selects the main oscillator as the sysclk and PLL0 clock source.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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4.5 PLL0 and PLL1 (Phase Locked Loops)

PLL0 (also called the Main PLL) and PLL1 (also called the Alt PLL) are functionally
identical, but have somewhat different input possibilities and output connections. These
possibilities are shown in Figure 7. The Main PLL can receive its input from either the IRC
or the Main Oscillator, and can potentially be used to provide the clocks to nearly
everything on the device. The Alt PLL receives its input only from the main oscillator and
is intended to be used as an alternate source of clocking to the USB. This peripheral has
timing needs that may not always be filled by the Main PLL.
Both PLLs are disabled and powered off on reset. If the Alt PLL is left disabled, the USB
clock can be supplied by PLL0 if everything is set up to provide 48 MHz to the USB clock
through that route. The source for each clock must be selected via the CLKSEL registers
(see Section 4.6), and can be further reduced by clock dividers as needed.
PLL activation is controlled via the PLLCON registers. PLL multiplier and divider values
are controlled by the PLLCFG registers. The PLLCFG registers are protected in order to
prevent accidental deactivation of PLLs or accidental alteration PLL operating
parameters. The protection is accomplished by a feed sequence similar to that of the
Watchdog Timer. Details are provided in the descriptions of the PLLFEED registers.
PLL0 accepts an input clock frequency from either the IRC or the main oscillator. If only
the Main PLL is used, then its output frequency must be an integer multiple of all other
clocks needed in the system. PLL1 takes its input only from the main oscillator, requiring
an external crystal in the range of 10 to 25 MHz. In each PLL, the Current Controlled
Oscillator (CCO) operates in the range of 156 MHz to 320 MHz, so there are additional
dividers to bring the output down to the desired frequencies. The minimum output divider
value is 2, insuring that the output of the PLLs have a 50% duty cycle. Figure 9 shows a
block diagram of PLL internal connections.
If the USB is used, the possibilities for the CPU clock and other clocks will be limited by
the requirements that the frequency be precise and very low jitter, and that the PLL0
output must be a multiple of 48 MHz. Even multiples of 48 Mhz that are within the
operating range of the PLL are 192 and 288 MHz. Also, only the main oscillator in
conjunction with the PLL can meet the precision and jitter specifications for USB. It is due
to these limitations that the Alt PLL is provided.
The Alt PLL accepts an input clock frequency from the main oscillator in the range of
10 MHz to 25 MHz only. When used as the USB clock, the input frequency is multiplied up
to a multiple of 48 MHz (192 or 288 MHz as described above).

4.5.1 PLL and startup/boot code interaction

When there is no valid user code (determined by the checksum word) in the user flash or
the ISP enable pin (P2[10]) is pulled low on startup, the ISP mode will be entered and the
boot code will setup the Main PLL with the IRC. Therefore it can not be assumed that the
Main PLL is disabled when the user opens a debug session to debug the application
code. The user startup code must follow the steps described in this chapter to disconnect
the Main PLL.

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4.5.2 PLL register description

The PLLs are controlled by the registers shown in Table 22. More detailed descriptions
follow.
Warning: Improper setting of PLL values may result in incorrect operation of the
USB subsystem!
Table 22.

PLL1 registers

Generic
Name

Description

PLLCON

PLL Control Register. Holding register for updating PLL R/W

control bits. Values written to this register do not take
effect until a valid PLL feed sequence has taken place.

PLL0CON - 0x400F C080

PLL1CON - 0x400F C0A0

23

PLLCFG

PLL Configuration Register. Holding register for

R/W
updating PLL configuration values. Values written to this
register do not take effect until a valid PLL feed
sequence has taken place.

PLL0CFG - 0x400F C084

PLL1CFG - 0x400F C0A4

24

PLLSTAT PLL Status Register. Read-back register for PLL control RO

and configuration information. If PLLCON or PLLCFG
have been written to, but a PLL feed sequence has not
yet occurred, they will not reflect the current PLL state.
Reading this register provides the actual values
controlling PLL, as well as PLL status.

PLL0STAT - 0x400F C088

PLL1STAT - 0x400F C0A8

25

PLLFEED PLL Feed Register. This register enables loading of PLL WO

control and configuration information from the PLLCON
and PLLCFG registers into the shadow registers that
actually affect PLL operation.

NA

PLL0FEED - 0x400F C08C

PLL1FEED - 0x400F C0AC

26

Access Reset
PLLn Register Name and
value[1] Address

[1]

Table

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

PLOCK
PLLSTAT[10]
PLL input
clock
Phase
Detector

CurrentControlled
Oscillator

Fcco

Divide by 2P

PLL output
clock

PSEL
PLLSTAT[6:5]
Divide by M

MSEL
PLLSTAT[4:0]

100416

Fig 9. PLL1 block diagram

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4.5.3 PLL Control registers (PLL0CON - 0x400F C080, PLL1CON 0x400F C0A0)
The PLLCON registers contains the bits that enable and connect each PLL. Enabling a
PLL allows it to attempt to lock to the current settings of the multiplier and divider values.
Changes to a PLLCON register do not take effect until a correct PLL feed sequence has
been given for that PLL (see Section 4.5.7 and Section 4.5.4).
Table 23.

PLL Control registers (PLL0CON - 0x400F C080, PLL1CON - 0x400F C0A0) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

PLLE

PLL Enable. When one, and after a valid PLL feed, this bit will activate the related PLL
and allow it to lock to the requested frequency. See PLLSTAT register, Table 25.

31:1

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Each PLL must be set up, enabled, and lock established before it may be used as a clock
source. The hardware does not insure that the PLL is locked before it is selected nor does
it automatically disconnect the PLL if lock is lost during operation.

4.5.4 PLL Configuration registers (PLL0CFG - 0x400F C084, PLL1CFG 0x400F C0A4)
The PLLCFG register contains the PLL multiplier and divider values. Changes to the
PLLCFG register do not take effect until a correct PLL feed sequence has been given (see
Section 4.5.7). Calculations for the PLL frequency, and multiplier and divider values are
found in Section 4.5.10.
Table 24.

PLL Configuration registers (PLL0CFG - 0x400F C084, PLL1CFG - 0x400F C0A4) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

4:0

MSEL

PLL Multiplier value. Supplies the value "M" in the PLL frequency calculations.

Note: For details on selecting the right value for MSEL see Section 4.5.9.

6:5

PSEL

PLL Divider value. Supplies the value "P" in the PLL frequency calculations.

31:7

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

Note: For details on selecting the right value for PSEL see Section 4.5.9.

NA

4.5.5 PLL Status registers (PLL0STAT - 0x400F C088, PLL1STAT 0x400F C0A8)
The read-only PLLSTAT register provides the actual PLL parameters that are in effect at
the time it is read, as well as the PLL status. PLLSTAT may disagree with values found in
PLLCON and PLLCFG because changes to those registers do not take effect until a
proper PLL feed has occurred (see Section 4.5.7 PLL Feed registers (PLL0FEED 0x400F C08C, PLL1FEED - 0x400F C0AC)).
Table 25.

PLL Status registers (PLL0STAT - 0x400F C088, PLL1STAT - 0x400F C0A8) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

4:0

MSEL

Read-back for the PLL Multiplier value. This is the value currently used by the related
PLL.

6:5

PSEL

Read-back for the PLL Divider value. This is the value currently used by the related
PLL.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

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Table 25.

PLL Status registers (PLL0STAT - 0x400F C088, PLL1STAT - 0x400F C0A8) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

PLLE_STAT

Read-back for the PLL Enable bit. When one, the related PLL is currently activated.
When zero, the related PLL is turned off. This bit is automatically cleared when
Power-down mode is activated.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

10

PLOCK

Reflects the PLL Lock status. When zero, the related PLL is not locked. When one, the 0
related PLL is locked onto the requested frequency.

31:11

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

4.5.6 PLL Interrupts: PLOCK0 and PLOCK1

The PLOCK bit in the PLLSTAT register reflects the lock status of the related PLL1. When
the PLL is first enabled, or when its parameters are changed, the PLL requires some time
to establish lock under the new conditions. The related PLOCK bit can be monitored to
determine when the PLL may be connected for use.
Each PLOCK bit is connected to the interrupt controller. This allows for software to turn on
the PLL and continue with other functions without having to wait for the PLL to achieve
lock. When the interrupt occurs, the PLL may be selected as a clock source, and the
interrupt disabled. PLOCK0 and PLOCK1 appear as exception numbers 32 and 48
respectively in Table 43. Note that each PLOCK bit remains asserted whenever the
related PLL is locked, so if the interrupt is used, the interrupt service routine must disable
the interrupt prior to exiting.

4.5.7 PLL Feed registers (PLL0FEED - 0x400F C08C, PLL1FEED 0x400F C0AC)
A correct feed sequence must be written to the related PLLFEED register in order for
changes to the related PLLCON and PLLCFG registers to take effect. The feed sequence
is:
1. Write the value 0xAA to PLLFEED.
2. Write the value 0x55 to PLLFEED.
The two writes must be in the correct sequence, and there must be no other register
access in the same address space (0x400F C000 to 0x400F FFFF) between them.
Because of this, it may be necessary to disable interrupts for the duration of the PLL feed
operation, if there is a possibility that an interrupt service routine could write to another
register in that space. If either of the feed values is incorrect, or one of the previously
mentioned conditions is not met, any changes to the PLLCON or PLLCFG register will not
become effective.
Table 26.

PLL Feed registers (PLL0FEED - 0x400F C08C, PLL1FEED - 0x400F C0AC) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

7:0

PLLFEED

The PLL feed sequence must be written to this register in order for the related PLLs
configuration and control register changes to take effect.

0x00

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

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4.5.8 PLLs and Power-down mode

Power-down mode automatically turns off and disconnects activated PLLs, while
subsequent wake-up from Power-down mode does not automatically restore PLL settings.
This must be done in software. Typically, a routine to activate the PLL(s), wait for lock, and
then select the PLL(s) can be called at the beginning of any interrupt service routine that
might be called due to the wake-up.
If activity on the USB data lines is not selected to wake the microcontroller from
Power-down mode (see Section 4.7.9 for details of wake up from reduced modes), both
the Main PLL (PLL0) and the Alt PLL (PLL1) will be automatically be turned off and
disconnected when Power-down mode is invoked, as described above. However, if the
USB activity interrupt is enabled and USB_NEED_CLK = 1 (see Table 255 for a
description of USB_NEED_CLK), it is not possible to go into Power-down mode and any
attempt to set the PD bit will fail, leaving the PLLs in the current state.

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4.5.9 PLL frequency calculation

Equations for both the Main and Alt PLLs use the following parameters:
Table 27.

Elements determining PLL frequency

Element

Description

pll_in_clk

the frequency of the input to the PLL

FCCO

the frequency of the PLL current controlled oscillator

pll_out_clk

the PLL output frequency

PLL Multiplier value from the MSEL bits in the PLLCFG register

PLL Divider value from the PSEL bits in the PLLCFG register

The PLL output frequency (when the PLL is active and locked) is given by:
pll_out_clk = M pll_in_clk

- or -

pll_out_clk = FCCO / (2 P)

The CCO frequency can be computed as:

FCCO = pll_out_clk 2 P

- or -

FCCO = pll_in_clk M 2 P

The PLL inputs and settings must meet the following criteria:

M is in the range of 1 to 32.

P is one of 1, 2, 4, 8.
pll_in_clk is in the range of 10 MHz to 25 MHz.
FCCO is in the range of 156 MHz to 320 MHz.
pll_out_clk is in the range of 9.75 MHz to 160 MHz.
4.5.10 Procedure for determining PLL settings
In general, PLL configuration values may be found as follows:
1. Based on the desired PLL output frequency, choose an oscillator frequency (FOSC). If
the USB interface is to be used, an external crystal of either 12 MHz, 16 MHz, or 24
MHz must be provided. 12 MHz is recommended for this purpose in order to save
power and have more flexibility with PLL settings.
2. If the USB interface is used in the system, and if a PLL output of 96 MHz or 144 MHz
can provide the desired CPU clock frequency, it is probably possible to use only PLL0.
3. Calculate the value of M to configure the MSEL1 bits to obtain the desired PLL output
frequency. M = pll_out_clk / pll_in_clk. The value written to the MSEL bits in the
PLLCFG register is M 1 (or see Table 28). This is done for both PLLs if they are both
used.

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4. Find a value for P to configure the PSEL bits, such that FCCO is within its defined
operating frequency limits of 156 MHz to 320 MHz. FCCO is calculated using FCCO =
pll_out_clk 2 P. The value written to the PSEL bits in PLLCFG can be found in
Table 29.
Table 28.
Value of M

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PLL Multiplier values

MSEL Bits
MSEL hex
(PLLCFG bits [4:0])

00000

00001

0x01

00010

0x02

00011

0x03

00100

0x04

00101

0x05

00110

0x06

00111

0x07

01000

0x08

10

01001

0x09

11

01010

0x0A

12

01011

0x0B

13

01100

0x0C

14

01101

0x0D

15

01110

0x0E

16

01111

0x0F

17

10000

0x10

18

10001

0x11

19

10010

0x12

20

10011

0x13

21

10100

0x14

22

10101

0x15

23

10110

0x16

24

10111

0x17

25

11000

0x18

26

11001

0x19

27

11010

0x1A

28

11011

0x1B

29

11100

0x1C

30

11101

0x1D

31

11110

0x1E

32

11111

0x1F

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Table 29.

PLL Divider values

Value of P

PSEL Bits
PSEL hex
(PLLCFG bits [6:5])

00

01

0x1

10

0x2

11

0x3

4.5.11 PLL configuration sequence

The following discussions refer to PLLs and PLL related registers generically (e.g.
PLLCFG rather than PLL0CFG or PLL1CFG). The instructions have to be adapted to the
specific case being addressed in the application.
To set up a PLL and switch clocks to its output:

1. Make sure that the PLL output is not already being used. The CCLKSEL and
USBCLKSEL registers must not select the PLL being set up (see To switch clocks
away from a PLL output: below). Clock dividers included in these registers may also
be set up at this time if writing to any of the noted registers.
2. If the main PLL is being set up, and the main clock source is being changed (IRC
versus main oscillator), change this first by writing the correct value to the
CLKSRCSEL register.
3. Write PLL new setup values to the PLLCFG register. Write a 1 to the PLLE bit in the
PLLCON register. Perform a PLL feed sequence by writing first the value 0xAA, then
the value 0x55 to the PLLFEED register.
4. Set up the necessary clock dividers. These may include the CCLKSEL, PCLKSEL,
EMCCLKSEL, and the USBCLKSEL registers.
5. Wait for the PLL to lock. This may be accomplished by polling the PLLSTAT register
and testing for PLOCK = 1, or by using the PLL lock interrupt.
6. Connect the PLL by selecting it output in the appropriate places. This may include the
CCLKSEL and USBCLKSEL registers.
To switch clocks away from a PLL output:

1. To switch back to the mode of not using a PLL, write values to any or all of the
CCLKSEL and USBCLKSEL registers in order to select a different clock source.
2. The related PLL may now be turned off by writing to the PLLCON register and
performing a PLL feed sequence, reconfigured by writing to the PLLCFG register, etc.

4.5.12 PLL configuration examples

The following examples illustrate selecting PLL values based on different system
requirements.
Example 1).

Assumptions:

The system design is planned to use the IRC to generate the CPU clock.
A frequency as close to 80 MHz as possible is desired for the CPU clock.
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Of the two PLLs, only PLL0 can supply the CPU clock, so this example is for PLL0. The
nearest multiple of the 12 MHz IRC frequency to 80 MHz is 84 MHz. Since pll_out_clk = M
pll_in_clk, M = pll_out_clk / pll_in_clk = 84 / 12 = 7.
Now a value for P must be found that puts FCCO within the PLL operating range of 156
MHz to 320 MHz. FCCO = pll_out_clk 2 P. Start by finding the value of FCCO with P = 1,
which is 84 MHz 2 = 168 MHz. Since that is within the PLL operating range, no further
work is needed.
Set up the PLL for M = 7and P = 1. This requires putting the value 6 (M - 1, or see
Table 28 PLL Multiplier values) in the MSEL field of the PLL0CFG register. A value of 0
(see Table 29 PLL Divider values) is needed in the PSEL field of PLL0CFG. A single
write of both values would be PLL0CFG = 0x06. See Section 4.5.11 for a description of
the PLL setup sequence.
Example 2).

Assumptions:

The system design is planned to use a 12 MHz crystal generate both the CPU clock
and the USB clock.

A frequency close to 100 MHz is desired for the CPU clock.

Of the two PLLs, only PLL0 can supply both the CPU clock and the USB clock, so this
example is for PLL0. The PLL output must be an even integer multiple of 48 MHz for the
USB to operate correctly (i.e. a multiple of 96 MHz). Two multiples of 96 MHz fit within the
PLL operating range: 192 MHz (2 96 MHz), and 288 MHz (3 96 MHz). Of these, only
192 MHz can produce a CPU clock near 100 MHz (96 MHz). So, a 96 MHz PLL output
can be used to obtain the 2 needed frequencies. Since pll_out_clk = M pll_in_clk, M =
pll_out_clk / pll_in_clk = 96 / 12 = 8.
Now a value for P must be found that puts FCCO within the PLL operating range of 156
MHz to 320 MHz. FCCO = pll_out_clk 2 P. Start by finding the value of FCCO with P = 1,
which is 96 MHz 2 = 192 MHz. Since that is within the PLL operating range, no further
work is needed.
Set up the PLL for M = 8 and P = 1. This requires putting the value 7 (M - 1, or see
Table 28) in the MSEL field of the PLL0CFG register. A value of 0 (see Table 29) is
needed in the PSEL field of PLL0CFG. A single write of both values would be PLL0CFG =
0x07. See Section 4.5.11 for a description of the PLL setup sequence.
Example 3)

Assumptions:

The system design will use the USB interface.

It is desired that the CPU clock remain flexible and able to operate at frequencies
unrelated to the USB clock.
In order to keep the CPU clock separate form the USB clock, the CPU will use PLL0. For
USB, PLL1 may be configured with the same values used in the last example. PLL0 can
be operated from either the IRC or the main oscillator to obtain whatever frequency is
needed, and the PLL0 setup can be changed without compromising USB operation.

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4.6 Clock selection and division

The output of each PLL that is used must be divided down to whatever frequency is
needed by each subsystem. On the LPC178x/177x, there are separate clocks for the
CPU, External Memory Controller, USB interface, and peripherals on the APB buses.
Separate clock selection multiplexers and clock dividers provide flexibility in the
generation of these clocks.

4.6.1 CPU Clock Selection register (CCLKSEL - 0x400F C104)

The CCLKSEL register controls selection of the clock used as the Main PLL input, and
also controls the division of the PLL0 output before it is used by the CPU. When PLL0 is
bypassed, the division may be by 1. When PLL0 is running, the output must be divided in
order to bring the CPU clock frequency (CCLK) within operating limits. A 5-bit divider
allows a range of options, including slowing CPU operation to a low rate for temporary
power savings without turning off PLL0. Note that the CPU clock rate should not be set
lower than the peripheral clock rate.
The two clock sources that may be chosen to drive PLL0 and ultimately the CPU and
on-chip peripheral devices are the main oscillator and the Internal RC oscillator.
The clock source selection for PLL0 can only be changed safely when PLL0 is not being
used. For a detailed description of how to change the clock source in a system using PLL0
see Section 4.5.12 PLL configuration examples.
Note the following restrictions regarding the choice of clock sources:

The IRC oscillator should not be used (via PLL0) as the clock source for the USB
subsystem.

The IRC oscillator should not be used (via PLL0) as the clock source for the CAN
controllers if the CAN baud rate is higher than 100 kbit/s.
Table 30.

CPU Clock Selection register (CCLKSEL - address 0x400F C104) bit description

Bit

Symbol

4:0

CCLKDIV

Value

Description

Reset value

Selects the divide value for creating the CPU clock (CCLK) from the selected
clock source.

0x01

The divider is turned off., no clock will be provided to the CPU. This setting
should typically not be used, the CPU will be halted and a reset will be required
to restore operation.

The input clock is divided by 1 to produce the CPU clock.

The input clock is divided by 2 to produce the CPU clock.

The input clock is divided by 3 to produce the CPU clock.

31

The input clock is divided by 31 to produce the CPU clock.

7:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

CCLKSEL

Selects the input clock for the CPU clock divider.

31:9

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Sysclk is used as the input to the CPU clock divider.

The output of the Main PLL is used as the input to the CPU clock divider.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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4.6.2 USB Clock Selection register (USBCLKSEL - 0x400F C108)

The USBCLKSEL register controls selection of the clock used for the USB subsystem,
and also controls the division of the that clock before it is used by the USB. The output of
the selected PLL must be divided in order to bring the USB clock frequency to 48 MHz
with a 50% duty cycle. A divider allows obtaining the correct USB clock from any even
multiple of 48 MHz (i.e. any multiple of 96 MHz) within the PLL operating range.
Remark: A clock derived from the Internal RC oscillator should not be used to clock the
USB subsystem.
Table 31.

USB Clock Selection register (USBCLKSEL - address 0x400F C108) bit description

Bit

Symbol

4:0

USBDIV

Value

Description

Reset value

Selects the divide value for creating the USB clock from the PLL0 output. Only 0
the values shown below can produce even number multiples of 48 MHz from
the PLL0 output.
Warning: Improper setting of this value will result in incorrect operation of the
USB interface. Only the main oscillator in conjunction with either PLL0 or PLL1
can provide a clock that meets USB accuracy and jitter specifications.

The divider is turned off., no clock will be provided to the USB subsystem.

PLL0 output is divided by 4. PLL0 output must be 192 MHz.

PLL0 output is divided by 6. PLL0 output must be 288 MHz.

Others

Other values cannot produce the 48 MHz clock required for USB operation.

7:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

9:8

USBSEL

Selects the input clock for the USB clock divider.

31:10

00

Sysclk is used as the input to the USB clock divider. When this clock is
selected, the USB can be accessed by software but cannot perform USB
functions.

01

The output of the Main PLL is used as the input to the USB clock divider.

10

The output of the Alt PLL is used as the input to the USB clock divider.

11

Reserved, this setting should not be used.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

4.6.3 EMC Clock Selection register (EMCCLKSEL - 0x400F C100)

The EMCCLKSEL register controls division of the clock before it is used by the EMC. The
EMC uses the same base clock as the CPU and the APB peripherals. The EMC clock can
be the same as the CPU clock, or half that. This is intended to be used primarily when the
CPU is running faster than the external bus can support.
Table 32.

EMC Clock Selection register (EMCCLKSEL - address 0x400F C100) bit description

Bit

Symbol

EMCDIV

31:1

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Value

Description

Reset value

Selects the EMC clock rate relative to the CPU clock.

The EMC uses the same clock as the CPU.

The EMC uses a clock at half the rate of the CPU.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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4.6.4 Peripheral Clock Selection register (PCLKSEL - 0x400F C1A8)

The PCLKSEL register controls the base clock used for all APB peripherals. A 5-bit divider
allows a range of frequencies to be used. Note that the peripheral clock rate should not be
set higher than the CPU clock rate.
Table 33.

Peripheral Clock Selection register (PCLKSEL - address 0x400F C1A8) bit description

Bit

Symbol

4:0

PCLKDIV

31:5

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Value

Description

Reset value

Selects the divide value for the clock used for all APB peripherals.

0x04

The divider is turned off., no clock will be provided to APB peripherals.

The input clock is divided by 1 to produce the APB peripheral clock.

The input clock is divided by 2 to produce the APB peripheral clock.

The input clock is divided by 3 to produce the APB peripheral clock.

The input clock is divided by 4 to produce the APB peripheral clock.

31

The input clock is divided by 31 to produce the APB peripheral clock.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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4.7 Power control

The LPC178x/177x supports a variety of power control features: Sleep mode, Deep Sleep
mode, Power-down mode, and Deep Power-down mode. The CPU clock rate may also be
controlled as needed by changing clock sources, re-configuring PLL values, and/or
altering the CPU clock divider value. This allows a trade-off of power versus processing
speed based on application requirements. In addition, Peripheral Power Control allows
shutting down the clocks to individual on-chip peripherals, allowing fine tuning of power
consumption by eliminating all dynamic power use in any peripherals that are not required
for the application. A power boost feature allows operation up to 120 MHz, or power
savings when operation is at or below 100 MHz.
Entry to any reduced power mode begins with the execution of either a WFI (Wait For
Interrupt) or WFE (Wait For Exception) instruction by the Cortex-M3. The Cortex-M3
internally supports two reduced power modes: Sleep and Deep Sleep. These are selected
by the SLEEPDEEP bit in the cortex-M3 System Control Register. Power-down and Deep
Power-down modes are selected by bits in the PCON register. See Table 35. The same
register contains flags that indicate whether entry into each reduced power mode actually
occurred.
The LPC178x/177x also implements a separate power domain in order to allow turning off
power to the bulk of the device while maintaining operation of the Real Time Clock.
Reduced power modes have some limitation during debug, see Section 38.7 for more
information.

4.7.1 Sleep mode

Note: Sleep mode on the LPC178x/177x corresponds to the Idle mode on LPC2xxx
series devices. The name is changed because ARM has incorporated portions of reduced
power mode control into the Cortex-M3. LPC178x/177x documentation uses the
Cortex-M3 terminology where applicable.

When Sleep mode is entered, the clock to the core is stopped, and the SMFLAG bit in
PCON is set, see Table 35.Resumption from the Sleep mode does not need any special
sequence but re-enabling the clock to the ARM core.
In Sleep mode, execution of instructions is suspended until either a Reset or an interrupt
occurs. Peripheral functions continue operation during Sleep mode and may generate
interrupts to cause the processor to resume execution. Sleep mode eliminates dynamic
power used by the processor itself, memory systems and related controllers, and internal
buses.
The DMA controller can continue to work in Sleep mode, and has access to the peripheral
RAMs and all peripheral registers. The flash memory and the main SRAM are not
available in Sleep mode, they are disabled in order to save power.
Wake-up from Sleep mode will occur whenever any enabled interrupt occurs.

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4.7.2 Deep Sleep mode

Note: Deep Sleep mode on the LPC178x/177x corresponds to the Sleep mode on
LPC23xx and LPC24xx series devices. The name is changed because ARM has
incorporated portions of reduced power mode control into the Cortex-M3. LPC178x/177x
documentation uses the Cortex-M3 terminology where applicable.

When the chip enters the Deep Sleep mode, the main oscillator is powered down, nearly
all clocks are stopped, and the DSFLAG bit in PCON is set, see Table 35. The IRC
remains running for fast startup. The 32 kHz RTC oscillator is not stopped and RTC
interrupts may be used as a wake-up source. The flash is left in the standby mode
allowing a quick wake-up. The PLLs are automatically turned off and the clock selection
multiplexers are set to use sysclk (the reset state). The clock divider control registers are
automatically reset to zero.
The processor state and registers, peripheral registers, and internal SRAM values are
preserved throughout Deep Sleep mode and the logic levels of chip pins remain static.
The Deep Sleep mode can be terminated and normal operation resumed by either a
Reset or certain specific interrupts that are able to function without clocks. Since all
dynamic operation of the chip is suspended, Deep Sleep mode reduces chip power
consumption to a very low value.
On the wake-up of Deep Sleep mode, if the IRC was used before entering Deep Sleep
mode, a 2-bit IRC timer starts counting and the code execution and peripherals activities
will resume after the timer expires (4 cycles). If the main oscillator is used, the 12-bit main
oscillator timer starts counting and the code execution will resume when the timer expires
(4096 cycles). The user must remember to re-configure any required PLLs and clock
dividers after the wake-up.
Wake-up from Deep Sleep mode can be brought about by NMI, External Interrupts EINT0
through EINT3, GPIO interrupts, the Ethernet Wake-on-LAN interrupt, Brownout Detect,
an RTC Alarm interrupt, a USB input pin transition (USB activity interrupt), a CAN input
pin transition, or a Watchdog Timer timeout, when the related interrupt is enabled.
Wake-up will occur whenever any enabled interrupt occurs.

4.7.3 Power-down mode

Power-down mode does everything that Deep Sleep mode does, but also turns off the
flash memory. Entry to Power-down mode causes the PDFLAG bit in PCON to be set, see
Table 35. This saves more power, but requires waiting for resumption of flash operation
before execution of code or data access in the flash memory can be accomplished.
When the chip enters Power-down mode, the IRC, the main oscillator, and all clocks are
stopped. The RTC remains running if it has been enabled and RTC interrupts may be
used to wake up the CPU. The flash is forced into Power-down mode. The PLLs are
automatically turned off and the clock selection multiplexers are set to use sysclk (the
reset state). The clock divider control registers are automatically reset to zero. If the
Watchdog timer is running, it will continue running in Power-down mode.
Upon wake-up from Power-down mode, if the IRC was used before entering Power-down
mode, after IRC-start-up time (about 60 s), the 2-bit IRC timer starts counting and
expiring in 4 cycles. Code execution can then be resumed immediately following the
expiration of the IRC timer if the code was running from SRAM. In the meantime, the flash
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wake-up timer measures flash start-up time of about 100 s. When it times out, access to
the flash is enabled. The user must remember to re-configure any required PLLs and
clock dividers after the wake-up.
Wake-up from Power-down mode can be brought about by NMI, External Interrupts EINT0
through EINT3, GPIO interrupts, the Ethernet Wake-on-LAN interrupt, Brownout Detect,
an RTC Alarm interrupt, a USB input pin transition (USB activity interrupt), or a CAN input
pin transition, when the related interrupt is enabled.

4.7.4 Deep Power-down mode

In Deep Power-down mode, power is shut off to the entire chip with the exception of the
Real-Time Clock, the RESET pin, the WIC, and the RTC backup registers. Entry to Deep
Power-down mode causes the DPDFLAG bit in PCON to be set, see Table 35.
To optimize power conservation, the user has the additional option of turning off or
retaining power to the 32 kHz oscillator. It is also possible to use external circuitry to turn
off power to the on-chip regulator via the VDD(REG)(3V3) pins and/or the I/O power via the
VDD(3V3) pins after entering Deep Power-down mode. Power must be restored before
device operation can be restarted.
Wake-up from Deep Power-down mode will occur when an external reset signal is
applied, or the RTC interrupt is enabled and an RTC interrupt is generated.

4.7.5 Peripheral power control

A Power Control for Peripherals feature allows individual peripherals to be turned off if
they are not needed in the application, resulting in additional power savings. This is
detailed in the description of the PCONP register.

4.7.6 Power boost

A Power boost feature allows operation above 100 MHz, to the upper limit for this device
of 120 MHz. This boost is on by default when user code begins after a chip reset. Power
can be saved by turning of this mode when operation will be at 100 MHz or lower. See
Section 4.7.12.

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4.7.7 Register description

The Power Control function uses registers shown in Table 34. More detailed descriptions
follow.
Table 34.

Power Control registers

Name

Description

PCON

PCONP

Access

Reset
value[1]

Address

Table

Power Control Register. This register contains control bits that

enable some reduced power operating modes of the
LPC178x/177x. See Table 35.

R/W

0x400F C0C0

35

Power Control for Peripherals Register. This register contains

control bits that enable and disable individual peripheral
functions, allowing elimination of power consumption by
peripherals that are not needed. See Table 37.

R/W

0x0408 829E 0x400F C0C4

37

PBOOST Power Boost control register. This register controls the output of
the main on-chip regulator, allowing a choice between
high-speed operation above 100 MHz, or power savings when
operation is at 100 MHz or lower.
[1]

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R/W

0x3

0x400F C1B0

38

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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4.7.8 Power Mode Control register (PCON - 0x400F C0C0)

Controls for some reduced power modes and other power related controls are contained
in the PCON register, as described in Table 35.
Table 35.

Power Mode Control register (PCON - address 0x400F C0C0) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

PM0

Power mode control bit 0. This bit controls entry to the Power-down mode. See Section 4.7.8.1 0
below for details.

PM1

Power mode control bit 1. This bit controls entry to the Deep Power-down mode. See
Section 4.7.8.1 below for details.

BODRPM

Brown-Out Reduced Power Mode. When BODRPM is 1, the Brown-Out Detect circuitry will be
turned off when chip Power-down mode or Deep Sleep mode is entered, resulting in a further
reduction in power usage. However, the possibility of using Brown-Out Detect as a wake-up
source from the reduced power mode will be lost.

When 0, the Brown-Out Detect function remains active during Power-down and Deep Sleep
modes.
See the System Control Block chapter for details of Brown-Out detection.
3

BOGD

Brown-Out Global Disable. When BOGD is 1, the Brown-Out Detect circuitry is fully disabled at 0
all times, and does not consume power.
When 0, the Brown-Out Detect circuitry is enabled.
See the System Control Block chapter for details of Brown-Out detection.

BORD

Brown-Out Reset Disable. When BORD is 1, the BOD will not reset the device when the
VDD(REG)(3V3) voltage dips goes below the BOD reset trip level. The Brown-Out interrupt is not
affected.

When BORD is 0, the BOD reset is enabled.

See the Section 3.6 for details of Brown-Out detection.
7:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

SMFLAG

Sleep Mode entry flag. Set when the Sleep mode is successfully entered. Cleared by software
writing a one to this bit.

0 [1][2]

DSFLAG

Deep Sleep entry flag. Set when the Deep Sleep mode is successfully entered. Cleared by
software writing a one to this bit.

0 [1][2]

10

PDFLAG

Power-down entry flag. Set when the Power-down mode is successfully entered. Cleared by
software writing a one to this bit.

0 [1][2]

11

DPDFLAG Deep Power-down entry flag. Set when the Deep Power-down mode is successfully entered.
Cleared by software writing a one to this bit.

0 [1][3]

31:12

NA

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

Only one of these flags will be valid at a specific time.

[2]

Hardware reset value only for a power-up of core power or by a brownout detect event.

[3]

Hardware reset value only for a power-up event on Vbat.

4.7.8.1 Encoding of Reduced Power Modes

The PM1and PM0 bits in PCON allow entering reduced power modes as needed. The
encoding of these bits allows backward compatibility with devices that previously only
supported Sleep and Power-down modes. Table 36 below shows the encoding for the
three reduced power modes supported by the LPC178x/177x.

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Table 36.

Encoding of reduced power modes

PM1, PM0

Description

00

Execution of WFI or WFE enters either Sleep or Deep Sleep mode as defined by the
SLEEPDEEP bit in the Cortex-M3 System Control Register.

01

Execution of WFI or WFE enters Power-down mode if the SLEEPDEEP bit in the
Cortex-M3 System Control Register is 1.

10

Reserved, this setting should not be used.

11

Execution of WFI or WFE enters Deep Power-down mode if the SLEEPDEEP bit in
the Cortex-M3 System Control Register is 1.

4.7.9 Wake-up from Reduced Power Modes

Any enabled interrupt can wake up the CPU from Sleep mode. Certain interrupts can
wake up the processor if it is in either Deep Sleep mode or Power-down mode.
Interrupts that can occur during Deep Sleep or Power-down mode will wake up the CPU if
the interrupt is enabled. After wake-up, execution will continue to the appropriate interrupt
service routine. These interrupts are NMI, External Interrupts EINT0 through EINT3, GPIO
interrupts, Ethernet Wake-on-LAN interrupt, Brownout Detect, RTC Alarm, CAN Activity
Interrupt, and USB Activity Interrupt. For the wake-up process to take place the
corresponding interrupt must be enabled in the NVIC. For pin-related peripheral functions,
the related functions must also be mapped to pins.
The CAN Activity Interrupt is generated by activity on the CAN bus pins, and the USB
Activity Interrupt is generated by activity on the USB bus pins. These interrupts are only
useful to wake up the CPU when it is on Deep Sleep or Power-down mode, when the
peripheral functions are powered up, but not active. Typically, if these interrupts are used,
their flags should be polled just before enabling the interrupt and entering the desired
reduced power mode. This can save time and power by avoiding an immediate wake-up.
Upon wake-up, the interrupt service can turn off the related activity interrupt, do any
application specific setup, and exit to await a normal peripheral interrupt.
In Deep Power-down mode, internal power to most of the device is removed, which limits
the possibilities for waking up from this mode. On the LPC178x/177x, external reset can
wake-up the device. Also, of the RTC is running and has been set up to cause an
interrupt, that event can wake-up the device.

4.7.10 Power Control for Peripherals register (PCONP - 0x400F C0C4)

The PCONP register allows turning off selected peripheral functions for the purpose of
saving power. This is accomplished by gating off the clock source to the specified
peripheral blocks. A few peripheral functions cannot be turned off (i.e. the Watchdog timer
and the System Control block).
Some peripherals, particularly those that include analog functions, may consume power
that is not clock dependent. These peripherals may contain a separate disable control that
turns off additional circuitry to reduce power. When this is the case, the peripheral should
be disabled internally first, then turned off using PCONP, in order to get the greatest power
savings. Information on peripheral specific power saving features may be found in the
chapter describing that peripheral.
Each bit in PCONP controls one peripheral as shown in Table 37.
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If a peripheral control bit is 1, that peripheral is enabled. If a peripheral control bit is 0, that
peripherals clock is disabled (gated off) to conserve power. For example if bit 19 is 1, the
I2C1 interface is enabled. If bit 19 is 0, the I2C1 interface is disabled.
Important: valid read from a peripheral register and valid write to a peripheral
register is possible only if that peripheral is enabled in the PCONP register!
Table 37.

Power Control for Peripherals register (PCONP - address 0x400F C0C4) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

PCLCD

LCD controller power/clock control bit.

PCTIM0

Timer/Counter 0 power/clock control bit.

PCTIM1

Timer/Counter 1 power/clock control bit.

PCUART0

UART0 power/clock control bit.

PCUART1

UART1 power/clock control bit.

PCPWM0

PWM0 power/clock control bit.

PCPWM1

PWM1 power/clock control bit.

PCI2C0

I2C0 interface power/clock control bit.

PCUART4

UART4 power/clock control bit.

PCRTC

RTC and Event Monitor/Recorder power/clock control bit.

10

PCSSP1

SSP 1 interface power/clock control bit.

11

PCEMC

External Memory Controller power/clock control bit.

12

PCADC

A/D converter (ADC) power/clock control bit.

Note: Clear the PDN bit in the AD0CR before clearing this bit, and set this bit before
attempting to set PDN.

13

PCCAN1

CAN Controller 1 power/clock control bit.

14

PCCAN2

CAN Controller 2 power/clock control bit.

15

PCGPIO

Power/clock control bit for IOCON, GPIO, and GPIO interrupts.

16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

17

PCMCPWM Motor Control PWM power/clock control bit.

18

PCQEI

Quadrature Encoder Interface power/clock control bit.

0
1

19

PCI2C1

I2C1

20

PCSSP2

SSP2 interface power/clock control bit.

21

PCSSP0

SSP0 interface power/clock control bit.

22

PCTIM2

Timer 2 power/clock control bit.

interface power/clock control bit.

23

PCTIM3

Timer 3 power/clock control bit.

24

PCUART2

UART 2 power/clock control bit.

25

PCUART3

UART 3 power/clock control bit.

PCI2C2

I2C

interface 2 power/clock control bit.

27

PCI2S

I2S

interface power/clock control bit.

28

PCSDC

SD Card interface power/clock control bit.

29

PCGPDMA

GPDMA function power/clock control bit.

30

PCENET

Ethernet block power/clock control bit.

31

PCUSB

USB interface power/clock control bit.

26

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Note that the DAC peripheral does not have a control bit in PCONP. To enable the DAC,
its output must be selected to appear on the related pin, P0[26], by configuring the
relevant IOCON register. See Section 8.4.1.

4.7.11 Power control usage notes

After every reset, the PCONP register contains the value that enables selected interfaces
and peripherals controlled by the PCONP to be enabled. Therefore, apart from proper
configuring via peripheral dedicated registers, the users application might have to access
the PCONP in order to start using some of the on-board peripherals.
Power saving oriented systems should have 1s in the PCONP register only in positions
that match peripherals that are actually used in the application. All other bits, declared to
be "Reserved" or dedicated to the peripherals not used in the current application, must be
cleared to 0.

4.7.12 Power Boost control register (PBOOST - 0x400F C1B0)

The Power Boost control register allows choosing between high-speed operation above
100 MHz, or power savings when operation is at 100 MHz or lower, by controlling the
output of the main on-chip regulator. The boost feature is turned on when user code is first
executed following reset. It can then be turned off by user code if the CPU clock rate will
always be at or below 100 MHz, thus saving power that is only needed for operation
above 100 MHz. Details are show in Table 38.
Table 38.

Power Boost control register (PBOOST - address 0x400F C1B0) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

1:0

Boost

Boost control bits.

0x3

00 : Boost is off, operation must be below 100 MHz.

11 : Boost is on, operation up to 120 MHz is supported.
Other values are not allowed.
31:2

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

4.7.12.1 Encoding of Reduced Power Modes

The PM1and PM0 bits in PCON allow entering reduced power modes as needed. The
encoding of these bits allows backward compatibility with devices that previously only
supported Sleep and Power-down modes. Table 36 below shows the encoding for the
three reduced power modes supported by the LPC178x/177x.
Table 39.

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Encoding of reduced power modes

PM1, PM0

Description

00

Execution of WFI or WFE enters either Sleep or Deep Sleep mode as defined by the
SLEEPDEEP bit in the Cortex-M3 System Control Register.

01

Execution of WFI or WFE enters Power-down mode if the SLEEPDEEP bit in the
Cortex-M3 System Control Register is 1.

10

Reserved, this setting should not be used.

11

Execution of WFI or WFE enters Deep Power-down mode if the SLEEPDEEP bit in
the Cortex-M3 System Control Register is 1.

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4.7.13 Power domains

The LPC178x/177x provides two independent power domains that allow the bulk of the
device to have power removed while maintaining operation of the Real Time Clock.
The VBAT pin supplies power only to the RTC domain. The RTC requires a minimum of
power to operate, which can be supplied by an external battery. Whenever the device core
power is present, that power is used to operate the RTC, causing no power drain from a
battery when main power is available.

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4.8 Wake-up timer

The LPC178x/177x begins operation at power-up and when awakened from Power-down
mode by using the 12 MHz IRC oscillator as the clock source. This allows chip operation
to begin quickly. If the main oscillator or one or both PLLs are needed by the application,
software will need to enable these features and wait for them to stabilize before they are
used as a clock source.
When the main oscillator is initially activated, the wake-up timer allows software to ensure
that the main oscillator is fully functional before the processor uses it as a clock source
and starts to execute instructions. This is important at power-on, all types of Reset, and
whenever any of the aforementioned functions are turned off for any reason. Since the
oscillator and other functions are turned off during Power-down mode, any wake-up of the
processor from Power-down mode makes use of the Wake-up Timer.
The Wake-up Timer monitors the crystal oscillator as the means of checking whether it is
safe to begin code execution. When power is applied to the chip, or some event caused
the chip to exit Power-down mode, some time is required for the oscillator to produce a
signal of sufficient amplitude to drive the clock logic. The amount of time depends on
many factors, including the rate of VDD(REG)(3V3) ramp (in the case of power on), the type
of crystal and its electrical characteristics (if a quartz crystal is used), as well as any other
external circuitry (e.g. capacitors), and the characteristics of the oscillator itself under the
existing ambient conditions.
Once a clock is detected, the Wake-up Timer counts a fixed number of clocks (4,096),
then sets the flag (OSCSTAT bit in the SCS register) that indicates that the main oscillator
is ready for use. Software can then switch to the main oscillator and start any required
PLLs. Refer to the Main Oscillator description in this chapter for details.

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4.9 External clock output pin

For system test and development purposes, any one of several internal clocks may be
brought out on the CLKOUT function available on the P1[25] or P1[27] pins, as shown in
Figure 10.
Clocks that may be observed via CLKOUT are the CPU clock (cclk), the main oscillator
(osc_clk), the internal RC oscillator (irc_osc), the USB clock (usb_clk), the RTC clock
(rtc_clk), and the Watchdog oscillator (wdt_clk).

100716

CLKOUTCFG[3:0]
cclk
osc_clk
irc_osc
usb_clk
rtc_clk
wdt_clk

000
001
010
011
100

CLKOUTCFG[7:4]

CLKOUTCFG[8]

CLKOUT
Divider

Clock Enable CLKOUT

Syncronizer
CLKOUTCFG[9]

110

Fig 10. CLKOUT selection

4.9.1 Clock Output Configuration register (CLKOUTCFG - 0x400F C1C8)

The CLKOUTCFG register controls the selection of the internal clock that appears on the
CLKOUT pin and allows dividing the clock by an integer value up to 16. The divider can be
used to produce a system clock that is related to one of the on-chip clocks. For most clock
sources, the division may be by 1. When the CPU clock is selected and is higher than
approximately 50 MHz, the output must be divided in order to bring the frequency within
the ability of the pin to switch with reasonable logic levels. If a clock is selected that is not
running, there will be no signal on CLKOUT.
Note: The CLKOUT multiplexer is designed to switch cleanly, without glitches, between
the possible clock sources. The divider is also designed to allow changing the divide value
without glitches.

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Table 40.

Clock Output Configuration register (CLKOUTCFG - 0x400F C1C8) bit description

Bit

Symbol

3:0

CLKOUTSEL

Value Description

Reset
value

Selects the clock source for the CLKOUT function.

0000

Selects the CPU clock as the CLKOUT source.

0001

Selects the main oscillator as the CLKOUT source.

0010

Selects the Internal RC oscillator as the CLKOUT source.

0011

Selects the USB clock as the CLKOUT source.

0100

Selects the RTC oscillator as the CLKOUT source.

0110

Selects the Watchdog oscillator as the CLKOUT source.

others Reserved, do not use these settings.

7:4

CLKOUTDIV

Integer value to divide the output clock by, minus one.

0000

Clock is divided by 1.

0001

Clock is divided by 2.

0010

Clock is divided by 3.

...

...

1111

Clock is divided by 16.

CLKOUT_EN

CLKOUT enable control, allows switching the CLKOUT source without glitches.
Clear to stop CLKOUT on the next falling edge. Set to enable CLKOUT.

CLKOUT_ACT

CLKOUT activity indication. Reads as 1 when CLKOUT is enabled. Read as 0

when CLKOUT has been disabled via the CLKOUT_EN bit and the clock has
completed being stopped.

31:10

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

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Chapter 5: LPC178x/7x Flash accelerator
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5.1 Introduction
The flash accelerator block in the LPC178x/177x allows maximization of the performance
of the Cortex-M3 processor when it is running code from flash memory, while also saving
power. The flash accelerator also provides speed and power improvements for data
accesses to the flash memory.

5.2 Flash accelerator blocks

The flash accelerator is divided into several functional blocks:

AHB-Lite bus interface, accessible by the Cortex-M3 I-code and D-code buses, as
well as by the General Purpose DMA Controller

An array of eight 128-bit buffers

Flash accelerator control logic, including address compare and flash control
A flash memory interface
Figure 11 shows a simplified diagram of the flash accelerator blocks and data paths.

DCode
bus
Cortex-M3
CPU

ICode
bus

Bus
Matrix

Flash Accelerator
Combined
AHB

AHB-Lite
bus interface

Instruction/
data buffers

Flash
Interface

Flash
Memory

Flash
Accelerator
Control

DMA
General
Master
Port
Purpose
DMA
Controller

101008

Fig 11. Simplified block diagram of the flash accelerator showing potential bus connections

In the following descriptions, the term fetch applies to an explicit flash read request from
the CPU. Prefetch is used to denote a flash read of instructions beyond the current
processor fetch address.

5.2.1 Flash memory bank

There is one bank of flash memory controlled by the LPC178x/177x flash accelerator.
Flash programming operations are not controlled by the flash accelerator, but are handled
as a separate function. A Boot ROM contains flash programming algorithms that may be
called as part of the application program, and a loader that may be run to allow
programming of the flash memory.

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Chapter 5: LPC178x/7x Flash accelerator

5.2.2 Flash programming Issues

Since the flash memory does not allow accesses during programming and erase
operations, it is necessary for the flash accelerator to force the CPU to wait if a memory
access to a flash address is requested while the flash memory is busy with a
programming operation. Under some conditions, this delay could result in a Watchdog
time-out. The user will need to be aware of this possibility and take steps to insure that an
unwanted Watchdog reset does not cause a system failure while programming or erasing
the flash memory.
In order to preclude the possibility of stale data being read from the flash memory, the
LPC178x/177x flash accelerator buffers are automatically invalidated at the beginning of
any flash programming or erase operation. Any subsequent read from a flash address will
cause a new fetch to be initiated after the flash operation has completed.

5.3 Register description

The flash accelerator is controlled by the register shown in Table 41. More detailed
descriptions follow.
Table 41.
Name

Description

Access Reset
Address
value[1]

FLASHCFG

Flash Accelerator Configuration Register.

Controls flash access timing. See Table 42.

R/W

[1]

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Summary of flash accelerator registers

0x303A 0x400F C000

Reset Value reflects the data stored in defined bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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Chapter 5: LPC178x/7x Flash accelerator

5.4 Flash Accelerator Configuration register (FLASHCFG - 0x400F C000)

Configuration bits select the flash access time, as shown in Table 42. The lower bits of
FLASHCFG control internal flash accelerator functions and should not be altered.
Following reset, flash accelerator functions are enabled and flash access timing is set to a
default value of 4 clocks.
Changing the FLASHCFG register value causes the flash accelerator to invalidate all of
the holding latches, resulting in new reads of flash information as required. This
guarantees synchronization of the flash accelerator to CPU operation.
Table 42.

Flash Accelerator Configuration register (FLASHCFG - address 0x400F C000) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
value

11:0

0x03A

Reserved, user software should not change these bits from the reset value.

Flash access time. The value of this field plus 1 gives the number of CPU clocks used 0x3
for a flash access.

15:12 FLASHTIM

Warning: improper setting of this value may result in incorrect operation of the device.

0000

Flash accesses use 1 CPU clock. Use for up to 20 MHz CPU clock with power boost off
(see Section 4.7.6).

0001

Flash accesses use 2 CPU clocks. Use for up to 40 MHz CPU clock with power boost
off (see Section 4.7.6).

0010

Flash accesses use 3 CPU clocks. Use for up to 60 MHz CPU clock with power boost
off (see Section 4.7.6).

0011

Flash accesses use 4 CPU clocks. Use for up to 80 MHz CPU clock with power boost
off (see Section 4.7.6). Use this setting for operation from 100 to 120 MHz operation
with power boost on.

0100

Flash accesses use 5 CPU clocks. Use for up to 100 MHz CPU clock with power boost
off (see Section 4.7.6).

0101

Flash accesses use 6 CPU clocks. Safe setting for any allowed conditions.

Other
31:16 -

Intended for potential future higher speed devices.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

5.5 Operation
Simply put, the flash accelerator attempts to have the next Cortex-M3 instruction that will
be needed in its latches in time to prevent CPU fetch stalls. The LPC178x/177x uses one
bank of flash memory. The flash accelerator includes an array of eight 128-bit buffers to
store both instructions and data in a configurable manner. Each 128-bit buffer in the array
can include four 32-bit instructions, eight 16-bit instructions or some combination of the
two. During sequential code execution, a buffer typically contains the current instruction
and the entire flash line that contains that instruction, or one flash line of data containing a
previously requested address. Buffers are marked according to how they are used (as
instruction or data buffers), and when they have been accessed. This information is used
to carry out the buffer replacement strategy.

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Chapter 5: LPC178x/7x Flash accelerator

The Cortex-M3 provides a separate bus for instruction access (I-code) and data access
(D-code) in the code memory space. These buses, plus the General Purpose DMA
Controllerss master port, are arbitrated by the AHB multilayer matrix. Any access to the
flash memorys address space is presented to the flash accelerator.
If a flash instruction fetch and a flash data access from the CPU occur at the same time,
the multilayer matrix gives precedence to the data access. This is because a stalled data
access always slows down execution, while a stalled instruction fetch often does not.
When the flash data access is concluded, any flash fetch or prefetch that had been in
progress is re-initiated.
Branches and other program flow changes cause a break in the sequential flow of
instruction fetches described above. Buffer replacement strategy in the flash accelerator
attempts to maximize the chances that potentially reusable information is retained until it
is needed again.
If an attempt is made to write directly to the flash memory without using the normal flash
programming interface (via Boot ROM function calls), the flash accelerator generates an
error condition. The CPU treats this error as a data abort. The GPDMA handles error
conditions as described in Section 34.4.1.6.3.
When an Instruction Fetch is not satisfied by existing contents of the buffer array, nor has
a prefetch been initiated for that flash line, the CPU will be stalled while a fetch is initiated
for the related 128-bit flash line. If a prefetch has been initiated but not yet completed, the
CPU is stalled for a shorter time since the required flash access is already in progress.
Typically, a flash prefetch is begun whenever an access is made to a just prefetched
address, or to a buffer whose immediate successor is not already in another buffer. A
prefetch in progress may be aborted by a data access, in order to minimize CPU stalls.
A prefetched flash line is latched within the flash memory, but the flash accelerator does
not capture the line in a buffer until the CPU presents an address that is contained within
the prefetched flash line. If the core presents an instruction address that is not already
buffered and is not contained in the prefetched flash line, the prefetched line will be
discarded.
Some special cases include the possibility that the CPU will request a data access to an
address already contained in an instruction buffer. In this case, the data will be read from
the buffer as if it was a data buffer. The reverse case, if the CPU requests an instruction
address that can be satisfied from an existing data buffer, causes the instruction to be
supplied from the data buffer, and the buffer to be changed into an instruction buffer. This
causes the buffer to be handled differently when the flash accelerator is determining which
buffer is to be overwritten next.

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Chapter 6: LPC178x/7x Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller
(NVIC)
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6.1 Features

Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller that is an integral part of the ARM Cortex-M3
Tightly coupled interrupt controller provides low interrupt latency
Controls system exceptions and peripheral interrupts
In the LPC178x/177x, the NVIC supports 40 vectored interrupts
32 programmable interrupt priority levels, with hardware priority level masking
Relocatable vector table
Non-Maskable Interrupt
Software interrupt generation

6.2 Description
The Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) is an integral part of the Cortex-M3. The
tight coupling to the CPU allows for low interrupt latency and efficient processing of late
arriving interrupts. The NVIC handles interrupts in addition to system exceptions.
Exceptions include Reset, NMI, Hard Fault, MemManage Fault, Bus Fault, Usage Fault,
SVCall, Debug Monitor, PendSV, and Systick.
Refer to the Cortex-M3 User Guide Section 39.4.2 for details of NVIC operation.

6.3 Interrupt sources

Table 43 lists the interrupt sources for each peripheral function. Each peripheral device
may have one or more interrupt lines to the Vectored Interrupt Controller. Each line may
represent more than one interrupt source, as noted.
Exception numbers relate to where entries are stored in the exception vector table.
Interrupt numbers are used in some other contexts, such as software interrupts.
Note that system exceptions are hard-wired into the Cortex-M3 and are not shown in the
table. Some other information about the Systick interrupt can be found in the System Tick
Timer chapter, Section 25.1
In addition, the NVIC handles the Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI). In order for NMI to
operate from an external signal, the NMI function must be connected to the related device
pin (P2[10] / EINT0n / NMI). When connected, a logic 1 on the pin will cause the NMI to be
processed. For details, refer to the Cortex-M3 User Guide that is an appendix to this User
Manual.

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Chapter 6: LPC178x/7x Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)

Table 43.

Connection of interrupt sources to the Vectored Interrupt Controller

Interrupt Exception Vector Function

ID
Number
Offset

Flag(s)

16

0x40

WDT

Watchdog Interrupt (WDINT)

17

0x44

Timer 0

Match 0 - 1 (MR0, MR1)

18

0x48

Timer 1

Match 0 - 2 (MR0, MR1, MR2)

Capture 0 - 1 (CR0, CR1)

Capture 0 - 1 (CR0, CR1)
3

19

0x4C

Timer 2

Match 0-3
Capture 0-1

20

0x50

Timer 3

Match 0-3
Capture 0-1

21

0x54

UART0

Rx Line Status (RLS)

Transmit Holding Register Empty (THRE)
Rx Data Available (RDA)
Character Time-out Indicator (CTI)
End of Auto-Baud (ABEO)
Auto-Baud Time-Out (ABTO)

22

0x58

UART1

Rx Line Status (RLS)

Transmit Holding Register Empty (THRE)
Rx Data Available (RDA)
Character Time-out Indicator (CTI)
Modem Control Change
End of Auto-Baud (ABEO)
Auto-Baud Time-Out (ABTO)

23

0x5C

UART 2

Rx Line Status (RLS)

Transmit Holding Register Empty (THRE)
Rx Data Available (RDA)
Character Time-out Indicator (CTI)
End of Auto-Baud (ABEO)
Auto-Baud Time-Out (ABTO)

24

0x60

UART 3

Rx Line Status (RLS)

Transmit Holding Register Empty (THRE)
Rx Data Available (RDA)
Character Time-out Indicator (CTI)
End of Auto-Baud (ABEO)
Auto-Baud Time-Out (ABTO)

25

0x64

PWM1

Match 0 - 6 of PWM1
Capture 0-1 of PWM1

10

26

0x68

I2C0

SI (state change)

0x6C

I2C1

SI (state change)
SI (state change)
-

11

27

12

28

0x70

I2C2

13

29

0x74

(unused)

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Chapter 6: LPC178x/7x Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)

Table 43.

Connection of interrupt sources to the Vectored Interrupt Controller

Interrupt Exception Vector Function

ID
Number
Offset

Flag(s)

14

Tx FIFO half empty of SSP0

30

0x78

SSP0

Rx FIFO half full of SSP0

Rx Timeout of SSP0
Rx Overrun of SSP0
15

31

0x7C

SSP 1

Tx FIFO half empty

Rx FIFO half full
Rx Timeout
Rx Overrun

16

32

0x80

PLL0 (Main PLL)

PLL0 Lock (PLOCK0)

17

33

0x84

RTC and Event

Monitor/Recorder

Counter Increment (RTCCIF), Alarm (RTCALF)

18

34

0x88

External Interrupt

External Interrupt 0 (EINT0)

19

35

0x8C

External Interrupt

External Interrupt 1 (EINT1)

20

36

0x90

External Interrupt

External Interrupt 2 (EINT2)

21

37

0x94

External Interrupt

External Interrupt 3 (EINT3)

22

38

0x98

ADC

A/D Converter end of conversion

23

39

0x9C

BOD

Brown Out detect

24

40

0xA0

USB

USB_INT_REQ_LP, USB_INT_REQ_HP, USB_INT_REQ_DMA,

USB_HOST_INT, USB_ATX_INT, USB_OTG_INT, USB_I2C_INT

25

41

0xA4

CAN

CAN Common, CAN 0 Tx, CAN 0 Rx, CAN 1 Tx, CAN 1 Rx

26

42

0xA8

DMA Controller

Interrupt status of all DMA channels

irq, dmareq1, dmareq2

EV0, EV1, EV2

27

43

0xAC

I2S

28

44

0xB0

Ethernet

WakeupInt, SoftInt, TxDoneInt, TxFinishedInt, TxErrorInt,

TxUnderrunInt, RxDoneInt, RxFinishedInt, RxErrorInt,
RxOverrunInt.

29

45

0xB4

SD Card Interface

RxDataAvlbl, TxDataAvlbl, RxFifoEmpty, TxFifoEmpty, RxFifoFull,

TxFifoFull, RxFifoHalfFull, TxFifoHalfEmpty, RxActive, TxActive,
CmdActive, DataBlockEnd, StartBitErr, DataEnd, CmdSent,
CmdRespEnd, RxOverrun, TxUnderrun, DataTimeOut,
CmdTimeOut, DataCrcFail, CmdCrcFail

30

46

0xB8

Motor Control PWM

IPER[2:0], IPW[2:0], ICAP[2:0], FES

31

47

0xBC

Quadrature Encoder

INX_Int, TIM_Int, VELC_Int, DIR_Int, ERR_Int, ENCLK_Int,

POS0_Int, POS1_Int, POS2_Int, REV_Int, POS0REV_Int,
POS1REV_Int, POS2REV_Int
PLL1 Lock (PLOCK1)

32

48

0xC0

PLL1 (Alt PLL)

33

49

0xC4

USB Activity Interrupt USB_NEED_CLK

34

50

0xC8

CAN Activity Interrupt CAN1WAKE, CAN2WAKE

35

51

0xCC

UART4

Rx Line Status (RLS)

Transmit Holding Register Empty (THRE)
Rx Data Available (RDA)
Character Time-out Indicator (CTI)
End of Auto-Baud (ABEO)
Auto-Baud Time-Out (ABTO)

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Chapter 6: LPC178x/7x Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)

Table 43.

Connection of interrupt sources to the Vectored Interrupt Controller

Interrupt Exception Vector Function

ID
Number
Offset

Flag(s)

36

Tx FIFO half empty of SSP2

52

0xD0

SSP2

Rx FIFO half full of SSP2

Rx Timeout of SSP2
Rx Overrun of SSP2
37

53

0xD4

LCD controller

BER, VCompI, LNBUI, FUFI, CrsrI

38

54

0xD8

GPIO interrupts

P0xREI, P2xREI, P0xFEI, P2xFEI

39

55

0xDC

PWM0

Match 0 - 6 of PWM0
Capture 0-1 of PWM0

40

56

0xE0

EEPROM

EE_PROG_DONE, EE_RW_DONE

6.4 Vector table remapping

The Cortex-M3 incorporates a mechanism that allows remapping the interrupt vector table
to alternate locations in the memory map. This is controlled via the Vector Table Offset
Register (VTOR) contained in the Cortex-M3.
The vector table may be located anywhere within the bottom 1 GB of Cortex-M3 address
space. The vector table should be located on a 256 word (1024 byte) boundary to insure
alignment on LPC178x/177x family devices. Refer to Section 39.4.3.5 of the Cortex-M3
User Guide appended to this manual for details of the Vector Table Offset feature.
ARM describes bit 29 of the VTOR (TBLOFF) as selecting a memory region, either code
or SRAM. For simplicity, this bit can be thought as simply part of the address offset since
the split between the code space and the SRAM space occurs at the location
corresponding to bit 29 in a memory address.
Examples:

To place the vector table at the beginning of the local static RAM, starting at address
0x1000 0000, place the value 0x1000 0000 in the VTOR register. This indicates address
0x1000 0000 in the code space, since bit 29 of the VTOR equals 0.
To place the vector table at the beginning of the peripheral RAM, starting at address
0x2000 0000, place the value 0x2000 0000 in the VTOR register. This indicates address
0x2000 0000 in the SRAM space, since bit 29 of the VTOR equals 1.

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Chapter 6: LPC178x/7x Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)

6.5 Register description

The following table summarizes the registers in the NVIC as implemented in the
LPC178x/177x. The Cortex-M3 User Guide Section 39.4.2 provides a functional
description of the NVIC.
Table 44.
Name

NVIC register map

Description

Access Reset
value

ISER0 to Interrupt Set-Enable Registers. These registers allow enabling

ISER1
interrupts and reading back the interrupt enables for specific
peripheral functions.

RW

ICER0 to Interrupt Clear-Enable Registers. These registers allow

ICER1
disabling interrupts and reading back the interrupt enables for
specific peripheral functions.

RW

ISPR0 to Interrupt Set-Pending Registers. These registers allow

ISPR1
changing the interrupt state to pending and reading back the
interrupt pending state for specific peripheral functions.

RW

ICPR0 to Interrupt Clear-Pending Registers. These registers allow

ICPR1
changing the interrupt state to not pending and reading back the
interrupt pending state for specific peripheral functions.

RW

IABR0 to Interrupt Active Bit Registers. These registers allow reading the
IABR1
current interrupt active state for specific peripheral functions.

RO

IPR0 to
IPR10

RW

STIR

Interrupt Priority Registers. These registers allow assigning a

priority to each interrupt. Each register contains the 5-bit priority
fields for 4 interrupts.

Software Trigger Interrupt Register. This register allows

software to generate an interrupt.

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0
0

Address

Table

ISER0 - 0xE000 E100

45

ISER1 - 0xE000 E104

46

ICER0 - 0xE000 E180

47

ICER1 - 0xE000 E184

48

ISPR0 - 0xE000 E200

49

ISPR1 - 0xE000 E204

50

ICPR0 - 0xE000 E280

51

ICPR1 - 0xE000 E284

52

IABR0 - 0xE000 E300

53

IABR1 - 0xE000 E304

54

IPR0 - 0xE000 E400

55

IPR1 - 0xE000 E404

56

IPR2 - 0xE000 E408

57

IPR3 - 0xE000 E40C

58

IPR4 - 0xE000 E410

59

IPR5 - 0xE000 E414

60

IPR6 - 0xE000 E418

61

IPR7 - 0xE000 E41C

62

IPR8 - 0xE000 E420

63

IPR9 - 0xE000 E424

64

IPR10 - 0xE000 E428

65

STIR - 0xE000 EF00

66

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Chapter 6: LPC178x/7x Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)

6.5.1 Interrupt Set-Enable Register 0 register (ISER0 - 0xE000 E100)

The ISER0 register allows enabling the first 32 peripheral interrupts, or for reading the
enabled state of those interrupts. The remaining interrupts are enabled via the ISER1
register (Section 6.5.2). Disabling interrupts is done through the ICER0 and ICER1
registers (Section 6.5.3 and Section 5.4).
Table 45.

Interrupt Set-Enable Register 0 register (ISER0 - 0xE000 E100)

Bit

Name

Function

ISE_WDT

Watchdog Timer interrupt enable.

Write: writing 0 has no effect, writing 1 enables the interrupt.
Read: 0 indicates that the interrupt is disabled, 1 indicates that the interrupt is enabled.

ISE_TIMER0

Timer 0 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_TIMER1

Timer 1 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_TIMER2

Timer 2 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_TIMER3

Timer 3 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_UART0

UART0 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_UART1

UART1 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_UART2

UART2 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_UART3

UART3 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_PWM1

PWM1 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

10

ISE_I2C0

I2C0 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

11

ISE_I2C1

I2C1 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

12

ISE_I2C2

I2C2 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

13

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

14

ISE_SSP0

SSP0 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

15

ISE_SSP1

SSP1 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

16

ISE_PLL0

PLL0 (Main PLL) interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

17

ISE_RTC

Real Time Clock (RTC) and Event Monitor/Recorder interrupt enable. See description of bit 0.

18

ISE_EINT0

External Interrupt 0 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

19

ISE_EINT1

External Interrupt 1 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

20

ISE_EINT2

External Interrupt 2 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

21

ISE_EINT3

External Interrupt 3 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

22

ISE_ADC

ADC interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

23

ISE_BOD

BOD interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

24

ISE_USB

USB interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

25

ISE_CAN

CAN interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

26

ISE_DMA

GPDMA interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

27

ISE_I2S

I2S interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

28

ISE_ENET

Ethernet interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

29

ISE_SD

SD card interface interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

30

ISE_MCPWM

Motor Control PWM interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

31

ISE_QEI

Quadrature Encoder Interface interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

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Chapter 6: LPC178x/7x Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)

6.5.2 Interrupt Set-Enable Register 1 register (ISER1 - 0xE000 E104)

The ISER1 register allows enabling the second group of peripheral interrupts, or for
reading the enabled state of those interrupts. Disabling interrupts is done through the
ICER0 and ICER1 registers (Section 6.5.3 and Section 5.4).
Table 46.

Interrupt Set-Enable Register 1 register (ISER1 - 0xE000 E104)

Bit

Name

Function

ISE_PLL1

PLL1 (Alt PLL) interrupt enable.

Write: writing 0 has no effect, writing 1 enables the interrupt.
Read: 0 indicates that the interrupt is disabled, 1 indicates that the interrupt is enabled.

ISE_USBACT

USB Activity interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_CANACT

CAN Activity interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_UART4

UART4 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_SSP2

SSP2 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_LCD

LCD interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_GPIO

GPIO interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_PWM0

PWM0 interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

ISE_FLASH

Flash and EEPROM interrupt enable. See functional description for bit 0.

31:9 -

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Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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Chapter 6: LPC178x/7x Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)

6.5.3 Interrupt Clear-Enable Register 0 (ICER0 - 0xE000 E180)

The ICER0 register allows disabling the first 32 peripheral interrupts, or for reading the
enabled state of those interrupts. The remaining interrupts are disabled via the ICER1
register (Section 5.4). Enabling interrupts is done through the ISER0 and ISER1 registers
(Section 6.5.1 and Section 6.5.2).
Table 47.

Interrupt Clear-Enable Register 0 (ICER0 - 0xE000 E180)

Bit

Name

Function

ICE_WDT

Watchdog Timer interrupt disable.

Write: writing 0 has no effect, writing 1 disables the interrupt.
Read: 0 indicates that the interrupt is disabled, 1 indicates that the interrupt is enabled.

ICE_TIMER0

Timer 0 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_TIMER1

Timer 1 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_TIMER2

Timer 2 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_TIMER3

Timer 3 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_UART0

UART0 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_UART1

UART1 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_UART2

UART2 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_UART3

UART3 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_PWM1

PWM1 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

10

ICE_I2C0

I2C0 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

11

ICE_I2C1

I2C1 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

12

ICE_I2C2

I2C2 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

13

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

14

ICE_SSP0

SSP0 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

15

ICE_SSP1

SSP1 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

16

ICE_PLL0

PLL0 (Main PLL) interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

17

ICE_RTC

Real Time Clock (RTC) and Event Monitor/Recorder interrupt disable. See description of bit 0.

18

ICE_EINT0

External Interrupt 0 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

19

ICE_EINT1

External Interrupt 1 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

20

ICE_EINT2

External Interrupt 2 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

21

ICE_EINT3

External Interrupt 3 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

22

ICE_ADC

ADC interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

23

ICE_BOD

BOD interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

24

ICE_USB

USB interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

25

ICE_CAN

CAN interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

26

ICE_DMA

GPDMA interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

27

ICE_I2S

I2S interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

28

ICE_ENET

Ethernet interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

29

ICE_SD

SD card interface interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

30

ICE_MCPWM

Motor Control PWM interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

31

ICE_QEI

Quadrature Encoder Interface interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

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5.4 Interrupt Clear-Enable Register 1 register (ICER1 - 0xE000 E184)

The ICER1 register allows disabling the second group of peripheral interrupts, or for
reading the enabled state of those interrupts. Enabling interrupts is done through the
ISER0 and ISER1 registers (Section 6.5.1 and Section 6.5.2).
Table 48.

Interrupt Clear-Enable Register 1 register (ICER1 - 0xE000 E184)

Bit

Name

Function

ICE_PLL1

PLL1 (Alt PLL) interrupt disable.

Write: writing 0 has no effect, writing 1 disables the interrupt.
Read: 0 indicates that the interrupt is disabled, 1 indicates that the interrupt is enabled.

ICE_USBACT

USB Activity interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_CANACT

CAN Activity interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_UART4

UART4 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_SSP2

SSP2 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_LCD

LCD interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_GPIO

GPIO interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_PWM0

PWM0 interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

ICE_EEPROM

EEPROM interrupt disable. See functional description for bit 0.

31:9 -

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Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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6.5.5 Interrupt Set-Pending Register 0 register (ISPR0 - 0xE000 E200)

The ISPR0 register allows setting the pending state of the first 32 peripheral interrupts, or
for reading the pending state of those interrupts. The remaining interrupts can have their
pending state set via the ISPR1 register (Section 6.5.6). Clearing the pending state of
interrupts is done through the ICPR0 and ICPR1 registers (Section 6.5.7 and
Section 6.5.8).
Table 49.

Interrupt Set-Pending Register 0 register (ISPR0 - 0xE000 E200)

Bit

Name

Function

ISP_WDT

Watchdog Timer interrupt pending set.

Write: writing 0 has no effect, writing 1 changes the interrupt state to pending.
Read: 0 indicates that the interrupt is not pending, 1 indicates that the interrupt is pending.

ISP_TIMER0

Timer 0 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_TIMER1

Timer 1 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_TIMER2

Timer 2 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_TIMER3

Timer 3 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_UART0

UART0 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_UART1

UART1 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_UART2

UART2 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_UART3

UART3 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_PWM1

PWM1 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

10

ISP_I2C0

I2C0 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

11

ISP_I2C1

I2C1 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

12

ISP_I2C2

I2C2 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

13

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

14

ISP_SSP0

SSP0 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

15

ISP_SSP1

SSP1 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

16

ISP_PLL0

PLL0 (Main PLL) interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

17

ISP_RTC

Real Time Clock (RTC) and Event Monitor/Recorder interrupt pending set. See description of bit 0.

18

ISP_EINT0

External Interrupt 0 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

19

ISP_EINT1

External Interrupt 1 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

20

ISP_EINT2

External Interrupt 2 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

21

ISP_EINT3

External Interrupt 3 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

22

ISP_ADC

ADC interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

23

ISP_BOD

BOD interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

24

ISP_USB

USB interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

25

ISP_CAN

CAN interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

26

ISP_DMA

GPDMA interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

27

ISP_I2S

I2S interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

28

ISP_ENET

Ethernet interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

29

ISP_SD

SD card interface interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

30

ISP_MCPWM

Motor Control PWM interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

31

ISP_QEI

Quadrature Encoder Interface interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

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6.5.6 Interrupt Set-Pending Register 1 register (ISPR1 - 0xE000 E204)

The ISPR1 register allows setting the pending state of the second group of peripheral
interrupts, or for reading the pending state of those interrupts. Clearing the pending state
of interrupts is done through the ICPR0 and ICPR1 registers (Section 6.5.7 and
Section 6.5.8).
Table 50.

Interrupt Set-Pending Register 1 register (ISPR1 - 0xE000 E204)

Bit

Name

Function

ISP_PLL1

PLL1 (Alt PLL) interrupt pending set.

Write: writing 0 has no effect, writing 1 changes the interrupt state to pending.
Read: 0 indicates that the interrupt is not pending, 1 indicates that the interrupt is pending.

ISP_USBACT

USB Activity interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_CANACT

CAN Activity interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_UART4

UART4 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_SSP2

SSP2 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_LCD

LCD interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_GPIO

GPIO interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_PWM0

PWM0 interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

ISP_EEPROM

31:9 -

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EEPROM interrupt pending set. See functional description for bit 0.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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6.5.7 Interrupt Clear-Pending Register 0 register (ICPR0 - 0xE000 E280)

The ICPR0 register allows clearing the pending state of the first 32 peripheral interrupts,
or for reading the pending state of those interrupts. The remaining interrupts can have
their pending state cleared via the ICPR1 register (Section 6.5.8). Setting the pending
state of interrupts is done through the ISPR0 and ISPR1 registers (Section 6.5.5 and
Section 6.5.6).
Table 51.

Interrupt Clear-Pending Register 0 register (ICPR0 - 0xE000 E280)

Bit

Name

Function

ICP_WDT

Watchdog Timer interrupt pending clear.

Write: writing 0 has no effect, writing 1 changes the interrupt state to not pending.
Read: 0 indicates that the interrupt is not pending, 1 indicates that the interrupt is pending.

ICP_TIMER0

Timer 0 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_TIMER1

Timer 1 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_TIMER2

Timer 2 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_TIMER3

Timer 3 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_UART0

UART0 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_UART1

UART1 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_UART2

UART2 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_UART3

UART3 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_PWM1

PWM1 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

10

ICP_I2C0

I2C0 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

11

ICP_I2C1

I2C1 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

12

ICP_I2C2

I2C2 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

13

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

14

ICP_SSP0

SSP0 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

15

ICP_SSP1

SSP1 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

16

ICP_PLL0

PLL0 (Main PLL) interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

17

ICP_RTC

Real Time Clock (RTC) and Event Monitor/Recorder interrupt pending clear. See description of bit 0.

18

ICP_EINT0

External Interrupt 0 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

19

ICP_EINT1

External Interrupt 1 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

20

ICP_EINT2

External Interrupt 2 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

21

ICP_EINT3

External Interrupt 3 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

22

ICP_ADC

ADC interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

23

ICP_BOD

BOD interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

24

ICP_USB

USB interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

25

ICP_CAN

CAN interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

26

ICP_DMA

GPDMA interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

27

ICP_I2S

I2S interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

28

ICP_ENET

Ethernet interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

29

ICP_SD

SD Card interface interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

30

ICP_MCPWM

Motor Control PWM interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

31

ICP_QEI

Quadrature Encoder Interface interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

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6.5.8 Interrupt Clear-Pending Register 1 register (ICPR1 - 0xE000 E284)

The ICPR1 register allows clearing the pending state of the second group of peripheral
interrupts, or for reading the pending state of those interrupts. Setting the pending state of
interrupts is done through the ISPR0 and ISPR1 registers (Section 6.5.5 and
Section 6.5.6).
Table 52.

Interrupt Clear-Pending Register 1 register (ICPR1 - 0xE000 E284)

Bit

Name

Function

ICP_PLL1

PLL1 (Alt PLL) interrupt pending clear.

Write: writing 0 has no effect, writing 1 changes the interrupt state to not pending.
Read: 0 indicates that the interrupt is not pending, 1 indicates that the interrupt is pending.

ICP_USBACT

USB Activity interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_CANACT

CAN Activity interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_UART4

UART4 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_SSP2

SSP2 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_LCD

LCD interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_GPIO

GPIO interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_PWM0

PWM0 interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

ICP_EEPROM

EEPROM interrupt pending clear. See functional description for bit 0.

31:9 -

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Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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6.5.9 Interrupt Active Bit Register 0 (IABR0 - 0xE000 E300)

The IABR0 register is a read-only register that allows reading the active state of the first
32 peripheral interrupts. Bits in IABR are set while the corresponding interrupt service
routines are in progress. Additional interrupts can have their active state read via the
IABR1 register (Section 6.5.10).
Table 53.

Interrupt Active Bit Register 0 (IABR0 - 0xE000 E300)

Bit

Name

IAB_WDT

Function

Watchdog Timer interrupt active.

Read: 0 indicates that the interrupt is not active, 1 indicates that the interrupt is active.

IAB_TIMER0

Timer 0 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_TIMER1

Timer 1 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_TIMER2

Timer 2 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_TIMER3

Timer 3 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_UART0

UART0 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_UART1

UART1 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_UART2

UART2 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_UART3

UART3 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_PWM1

PWM1 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

10

IAB_I2C0

I2C0 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

11

IAB_I2C1

I2C1 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

12

IAB_I2C2

I2C2 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

13

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

14

IAB_SSP0

SSP0 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

15

IAB_SSP1

SSP1 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

16

IAB_PLL0

PLL0 (Main PLL) interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

17

IAB_RTC

Real Time Clock (RTC) and Event Monitor/Recorder interrupt active. See description of bit 0.

18

IAB_EINT0

External Interrupt 0 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

19

IAB_EINT1

External Interrupt 1 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

20

IAB_EINT2

External Interrupt 2 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

21

IAB_EINT3

External Interrupt 3 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

22

IAB_ADC

ADC interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

23

IAB_BOD

BOD interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

24

IAB_USB

USB interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

25

IAB_CAN

CAN interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

26

IAB_DMA

GPDMA interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

27

IAB_I2S

I2S interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

28

IAB_ENET

Ethernet interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

29

IAB_SD

Repetitive Interrupt Timer interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

30

IAB_MCPWM

Motor Control PWM interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

31

IAB_QEI

Quadrature Encoder Interface interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

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6.5.10 Interrupt Active Bit Register 1 (IABR1 - 0xE000 E304)

The IABR1 register is a read-only register that allows reading the active state of the
second group of peripheral interrupts. Bits in IABR are set while the corresponding
interrupt service routines are in progress.
Table 54.

Interrupt Active Bit Register 1 (IABR1 - 0xE000 E304)

Bit

Name

IAB_PLL1

Function

PLL1 (Alt PLL) interrupt active.

Read: 0 indicates that the interrupt is not active, 1 indicates that the interrupt is active.

IAB_USBACT

USB Activity interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_CANACT

CAN Activity interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_UART4

UART4 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_SSP2

SSP2 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_LCD

LCD interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_GPIO

GPIO interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_PWM0

PWM0 interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

IAB_EEPROM

EEPROM interrupt active. See functional description for bit 0.

31:9 -

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Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

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6.5.11 Interrupt Priority Register 0 (IPR0 - 0xE000 E400)

The IPR0 register controls the priority of the first 4 peripheral interrupts. Each interrupt can
have one of 32 priorities, where 0 is the highest priority.
Table 55.

Interrupt Priority Register 0 (IPR0 - 0xE000 E400)

Bit

Name

Function

2:0

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

7:3

IP_WDT

Watchdog Timer interrupt priority. 0 = highest priority. 31 (0x1F) = lowest priority.

10:8

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

15:11 IP_TIMER0

Timer 0 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

18:16 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

23:19 IP_TIMER1

Timer 1 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

26:24 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

31:27 IP_TIMER2

Timer 2 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

6.5.12 Interrupt Priority Register 1 (IPR1 - 0xE000 E404)

The IPR1 register controls the priority of the second group of 4 peripheral interrupts. Each
interrupt can have one of 32 priorities, where 0 is the highest priority.
Table 56.

Interrupt Priority Register 1 (IPR1 - 0xE000 E404)

Bit

Name

Function

2:0

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

7:3

IP_TIMER3

Timer 3 interrupt priority. 0 = highest priority. 31 (0x1F) = lowest priority.

10:8

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

15:11 IP_UART0

UART0 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

18:16 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

23:19 IP_UART1

UART1 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

26:24 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

31:27 IP_UART2

UART2 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

6.5.13 Interrupt Priority Register 2 (IPR2 - 0xE000 E408)

The IPR2 register controls the priority of the third group of 4 peripheral interrupts. Each
interrupt can have one of 32 priorities, where 0 is the highest priority.
Table 57.

Interrupt Priority Register 2 (IPR2 - 0xE000 E408)

Bit

Name

Function

2:0

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

7:3

IP_UART3

UART3 interrupt priority. 0 = highest priority. 31 (0x1F) = lowest priority.

10:8

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

15:11 IP_PWM1

PWM1 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

18:16 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

23:19 IP_I2C0

I2C0 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

26:24 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

31:27 IP_I2C1

I2C1 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

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6.5.14 Interrupt Priority Register 3 (IPR3 - 0xE000 E40C)

The IPR3 register controls the priority of the fourth group of 4 peripheral interrupts. Each
interrupt can have one of 32 priorities, where 0 is the highest priority.
Table 58.

Interrupt Priority Register 3 (IPR3 - 0xE000 E40C)

Bit

Name

Function

2:0

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

7:3

IP_I2C2

I2C2 interrupt priority. 0 = highest priority. 31 (0x1F) = lowest priority.

10:8

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

15:11 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

18:8

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

Unimplemented

23:19 IP_SSP0

SSP0 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

26:24 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

31:27 IP_SSP1

SSP1 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

6.5.15 Interrupt Priority Register 4 (IPR4 - 0xE000 E410)

The IPR4 register controls the priority of the fifth group of 4 peripheral interrupts. Each
interrupt can have one of 32 priorities, where 0 is the highest priority.
Table 59.

Interrupt Priority Register 4 (IPR4 - 0xE000 E410)

Bit

Name

Function

2:0

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

7:3

IP_PLL0

PLL0 (Main PLL) interrupt priority. 0 = highest priority. 31 (0x1F) = lowest priority.

10:8

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

15:11 IP_RTC

Real Time Clock (RTC) interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

18:16 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

23:19 IP_EINT0

External Interrupt 0 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

26:24 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

31:27 IP_EINT1

External Interrupt 1 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

6.5.16 Interrupt Priority Register 5 (IPR5 - 0xE000 E414)

The IPR5 register controls the priority of the sixth group of 4 peripheral interrupts. Each
interrupt can have one of 32 priorities, where 0 is the highest priority.
Table 60.

Interrupt Priority Register 5 (IPR5 - 0xE000 E414)

Bit

Name

Function

2:0

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

7:3

IP_EINT2

External Interrupt 2 interrupt priority. 0 = highest priority. 31 (0x1F) = lowest priority.

10:8

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

15:11 IP_EINT3

External Interrupt 3 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

18:16 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

23:19 IP_ADC

ADC interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

26:24 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

31:27 IP_BOD

BOD interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

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6.5.17 Interrupt Priority Register 6 (IPR6 - 0xE000 E418)

The IPR6 register controls the priority of the seventh group of 4 peripheral interrupts. Each
interrupt can have one of 32 priorities, where 0 is the highest priority.
Table 61.

Interrupt Priority Register 6 (IPR6 - 0xE000 E418)

Bit

Name

Function

2:0

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

7:3

IP_USB

USB interrupt priority. 0 = highest priority. 31 (0x1F) = lowest priority.

10:8

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

15:11 IP_CAN

CAN interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

18:16 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

23:19 IP_DMA

GPDMA interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

26:24 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

31:27 IP_I2S

I2S interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

6.5.18 Interrupt Priority Register 7 (IPR7 - 0xE000 E41C)

The IPR7 register controls the priority of the eighth group of 4 peripheral interrupts. Each
interrupt can have one of 32 priorities, where 0 is the highest priority.
Table 62.

Interrupt Priority Register 7 (IPR7 - 0xE000 E41C)

Bit

Name

Function

2:0

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

7:3

IP_ENET

Ethernet interrupt priority. 0 = highest priority. 31 (0x1F) = lowest priority.

10:8

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

15:11 IP_SD

SD Card interface interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

18:16 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

23:19 IP_MCPWM

Motor Control PWM interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

26:24 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

31:27 IP_QEI

Quadrature Encoder Interface interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

6.5.19 Interrupt Priority Register 8 (IPR8 - 0xE000 E420)

The IPR8 register controls the priority of the ninth and last group of 4 peripheral interrupts.
Each interrupt can have one of 32 priorities, where 0 is the highest priority.
Table 63.

Interrupt Priority Register 8 (IPR8 - 0xE000 E420)

Bit

Name

Function

2:0

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

7:3

IP_PLL1

PLL1 (Alt PLL) interrupt priority. 0 = highest priority. 31 (0x1F) = lowest priority.

10:8

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

15:11 IP_USBACT

USB Activity interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

18:16 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

23:19 IP_CANACT

CAN Activity interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

26:24 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

31:27 IP_UART4

UART4 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

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Chapter 6: LPC178x/7x Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)

6.5.20 Interrupt Priority Register 9 (IPR9 - 0xE000 E424)

The IPR9 register controls the priority of the tenth group of 4 peripheral interrupts. Each
interrupt can have one of 32 priorities, where 0 is the highest priority.
Table 64.

Interrupt Priority Register 9 (IPR9 - 0xE000 E424)

Bit

Name

Function

2:0

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

7:3

IP_SSP2

SSP2 interrupt priority. 0 = highest priority. 31 (0x1F) = lowest priority.

10:8

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

15:11 IP_LCD

LCD controller interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

18:16 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

23:19 IP_GPIO

Priority of GPIO interrupts. See functional description for bits 7-3.

26:24 Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

31:27 IP_PWM0

PWM0 interrupt priority. See functional description for bits 7-3.

6.5.21 Interrupt Priority Register 10 (IPR10 - 0xE000 E428)

The IPR10 register controls the priority of the eleventh group of 4 peripheral interrupts.
Each interrupt can have one of 32 priorities, where 0 is the highest priority.
Table 65.

Interrupt Priority Register 10 (IPR10 - 0xE000 E428)

Bit

Name

Function

2:0

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

7:3

IP_EEPROM

EEPROM programming interrupt. 0 = highest priority. 31 (0x1F) = lowest priority.

31:8

Unimplemented

These bits ignore writes, and read as 0.

6.5.22 Software Trigger Interrupt Register (STIR - 0xE000 EF00)

The STIR register provides an alternate way for software to generate an interrupt, in
addition to using the ISPR registers. This mechanism can only be used to generate
peripheral interrupts, not system exceptions.
By default, only privileged software can write to the STIR register. Unprivileged software
can be given this ability if privileged software sets the USERSETMPEND bit in the CCR
register (see Section 39.4.2.8 and Section 39.4.3.8).
Table 66.

Software Trigger Interrupt Register (STIR - 0xE000 EF00)

Bit

Name

Function

8:0

INTID

Writing a value to this field generates an interrupt for the specified Interrupt ID (see Table 43).

31:9

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration
Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

User manual

7.1 LPC178x/177x pin configuration

For information about the individual LPC178x/177x devices, refer to specific data sheets.
Table 67 lists pins in order by pin name, and includes description of each potential pin
function.
See the IOCON registers (Section 8.4.1) to configure the pins of each LPC178x/177x part
for the desired function.
I/O pins on the LPC178x/177x are 5V tolerant and have input hysteresis unless otherwise
indicated in the table below. Crystal pins, power pins, and reference voltage pins are not
5V tolerant. In addition, when pins are selected to be A to D converter inputs, they are no
longer 5V tolerant and must be limited to the voltage at the ADC positive reference pin
(VREFP).
Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P0[0] to P0[31]

I/O

P0[0]/ CAN_RD1/
I/O
U3_TXD/ I2C1_SDA/ I
U0_TXD
O
I/O

Port 0: Port 0 provides up to 32 I/O pins, depending on the package. Each pin has
individual direction control, pin mode configuration, and function selection.

P0[0] General purpose digital input/output pin.

CAN_RD1 CAN1 receiver input.

U3_TXD Transmitter output for UART 3.

I2C1_SDA I2C1 data input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

I/O

U0_TXD Transmitter output for UART 0.

P0[1]/ CAN1_TD/
I/O
U3_RXD/ I2C1_SCL/ O
U0_RXD
I

P0[1] General purpose digital input/output pin.

CAN1_TD CAN1 transmitter output.

U3_RXD Receiver input for UART 3.

I/O

I2C1_SCL I2C1 clock input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

U0_RXD Receiver input for UART 0.

I/O

P0[2] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U0_TXD Transmitter output for UART 0. Used for ISP communication, see
Section 37.1.

U3_TXD Transmitter output for UART 3.

I/O

P0[3] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U0_RXD Receiver input for UART 0. Used for ISP communication, see
Section 37.1.

U3_RXD Receiver input for UART 3.

P0[2]/ U0_TXD/
U3_TXD

P0[3]/ U0_RXD/
U3_RXD

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P0[4]/ I2S_RX_SCK/ I/O

CAN_RD2/
I/O
T2_CAP0/
LCD_VD[0]
I

P0[5]/ I2S_RX_WS/
CAN_TD2/
T2_CAP1/
LCD_VD[1]

P0[4] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I2S_RX_SCK I2S Receive clock. It is driven by the master and received by the
slave. Corresponds to the signal SCK in the I2S-bus specification.

CAN_RD2 CAN2 receiver input.

T2_CAP0 Capture input for Timer 2, channel 0.

LCD_VD[0] LCD data.

I/O

P0[5] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

I2S_RX_WS I2S Receive word select. It is driven by the master and received by
the slave. Corresponds to the signal WS in the I2S-bus specification.

CAN_TD2 CAN2 transmitter output.

T2_CAP1 Capture input for Timer 2, channel 1.

LCD_VD[1] LCD data.

P0[6] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I2S_RX_SDA I2S Receive data. It is driven by the transmitter and read by the
receiver. Corresponds to the signal SD in the I2S-bus specification.

SSP1_SSEL1 Slave Select for SSP1.

T2_MAT0 Match output for Timer 2, channel 0.

U1_RTS Request to Send output for UART 1. Can also be configured to be an

RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 1.

LCD_VD[8] LCD data.

P0[7] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I2S_TX_SCK I2S transmit clock. It is driven by the master and received by the
slave. Corresponds to the signal SCK in the I2S-bus specification.

SSP1_SCK Serial Clock for SSP1.

T2_MAT1 Match output for Timer 2, channel 1.

RTC_EV0 Event input 0 to Event Monitor/Recorder.

LCD_VD[9] LCD data.

I/O

P0[8] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

I2S_TX_WS I2S Transmit word select. It is driven by the master and received by
the slave. Corresponds to the signal WS in the I2S-bus specification.

I/O

SSP1_MISO Master In Slave Out for SSP1.

RTC_EV1 Event input 1 to Event Monitor/Recorder.

P0[8] General purpose digital input/output pin.

LCD_VD[16] LCD data.

P0[9] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I2S_TX_SDA I2S transmit data. It is driven by the transmitter and read by the
receiver. Corresponds to the signal SD in the I2S-bus specification.

P0[6]/ I2S_RX_SDA/ I/O

SSP1_SSEL/
I/O
T2_MAT0/ U1_RTS/
LCD_VD[8]
I/O
O

O
P0[7]/ I2S_TX_SCK/ I/O
SSP1_SCK/
I/O
T2_MAT1/
RTC_EV0/
I/O
LCD_VD[9]
O

P0[8]/ I2S_TX_WS/
SSP1_MISO/
T2_MAT2/
RTC_EV1/
LCD_VD[16]

P0[9]/ I2S_TX_SDA/ I/O

SSP1_MOSI/
I/O
T2_MAT3/
RTC_EV2/
I/O
LCD_VD[17]
O

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SSP1_MOSI Master Out Slave In for SSP1.

T2_MAT3 Match output for Timer 2, channel 3.

RTC_EV2 Event input 2 to Event Monitor/Recorder.

LCD_VD[17] LCD data.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P0[10]/ U2_TXD/
I2C2_SDA/
T3_MAT0

I/O

P0[10] General purpose digital input/output pin.

P0[11]/ U2_RXD/
I2C2_SCL/
T3_MAT1

U2_TXD Transmitter output for UART 2.

I/O

I2C2_SDA I2C2 data input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

T3_MAT0 Match output for Timer 3, channel 0.

I/O

P0[11] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U2_RXD Receiver input for UART 2.

I/O

I2C2_SCL I2C2 clock input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

T3_MAT1 Match output for Timer 3, channel 1.

P0[12] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_PPWR2 Port Power enable signal for USB port 2.

SSP1_MISO Master In Slave Out for SSP1.

AD0[6] A/D converter 0, input 6. When configured as an ADC input, the digital
function of the pin must be disabled (see Section 8.4.1).

P0[12]/
I/O
USB_PPWR2/
O
SSP1_MISO/ AD0[6]
I/O
I
P0[13]/
I/O
USB_UP_LED2/
O
SSP1_MOSI/ AD0[7]

P0[13] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_UP_LED2 USB port 2 GoodLink LED indicator. It is LOW when device is

configured (non-control endpoints enabled). It is HIGH when the device is not
configured or during global suspend.

I/O

SSP1_MOSI Master Out Slave In for SSP1.

AD0[7] A/D converter 0, input 7. When configured as an ADC input, the digital
function of the pin must be disabled (see Section 8.4.1).

I/O

P0[14] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_HSTEN2 Host Enabled status for USB port 2.

I/O

SSP1_SSEL Slave Select for SSP1.

USB_CONNECT2 SoftConnect control for USB port 2. Signal used to switch an

external 1.5 k resistor under software control. Used with the SoftConnect USB
feature.

I/O

P0[15] General purpose digital input/output pin.

P0[14]/
USB_HSTEN2/
SSP1_SSEL/
USB_CONNECT2

P0[15]/ U1_TXD/
SSP0_SCK

U1_TXD Transmitter output for UART 1.

I/O

SSP0_SCK Serial clock for SSP0.

P0[16]/ U1_RXD/
SSP0_ SSEL/

I/O

P0 [16] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U1_RXD Receiver input for UART 1.

I/O

SSP0_SSEL Slave Select for SSP0.

P0[17]/ U1_CTS/
SSP0_MISO

I/O

P0[17] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U1_CTS Clear to Send input for UART 1.

I/O

SSP0_MISO Master In Slave Out for SSP0.

I/O

P0[18] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U1_DCD Data Carrier Detect input for UART 1.

I/O

SSP0_MOSI Master Out Slave In for SSP0.

P0[18]/ U1_DCD/
SSP0_MOSI

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P0[19]/ U1_DSR/
I/O
SD_CLK/ I2C1_SDA I

P0[19] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U1_DSR Data Set Ready input for UART 1.

SD_CLK Clock output line for SD card interface.

I/O

I2C1_SDA I2C1 data input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

P0[20]/ U1_DTR/
I/O
SD_CMD/ I2C1_SCL O

P0[20] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U1_DTR Data Terminal Ready output for UART 1. Can also be configured to be
an RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 1.

I/O

SD_CMD Command line for SD card interface.

I/O

I2C1_SCL I2C1 clock input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

I/O

P0[21] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U1_RI Ring Indicator input for UART 1.

P0[21]/ U1_RI/
SD_PWR/ U4_OE/
CAN_RD1

P0[22]/ U1_RTS/
SD_DAT[0]/
U4_TXD/ CAN_TD1

P0[23]/ AD0[0]/
I2S_RX_SCK/
T3_CAP0

P0[24]/ AD0[1]/
I2S_RX_WS/
T3_CAP1

P0[25]/ AD0[2]/
I2S_RX_SDA/
U3_TXD

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SD_PWR Power Supply Enable for external SD card power supply.

U4_OE RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 4.

CAN_RD1 CAN1 receiver input.

I/O

U4_SCLK UART 4 clock input or output in synchronous mode.

I/O

P0[22] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U1_RTS Request to Send output for UART 1. Can also be configured to be an

RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 1.

I/O

SD_DAT[0] Data line 0 for SD card interface.

U4_TXD Transmitter output for UART 4 (input/output in smart card mode).

CAN_TD1 CAN1 transmitter output.

I/O

P0[23] General purpose digital input/output pin.

AD0[0] A/D converter 0, input 0. When configured as an ADC input, the digital
function of the pin must be disabled (see Section 8.4.1).

I/O

I2S_RX_SCK Receive Clock. It is driven by the master and received by the

slave. Corresponds to the signal SCK in the I2S-bus specification.

T3_CAP0 Capture input for Timer 3, channel 0.

I/O

P0[24] General purpose digital input/output pin.

AD0[1] A/D converter 0, input 1. When configured as an ADC input, the digital
function of the pin must be disabled (see Section 8.4.1).

I/O

I2S_RX_WS Receive Word Select. It is driven by the master and received by the
slave. Corresponds to the signal WS in the I2S-bus specification.

T3_CAP1 Capture input for Timer 3, channel 1.

I/O

P0[25] General purpose digital input/output pin.

AD0[2] A/D converter 0, input 2. When configured as an ADC input, the digital
function of the pin must be disabled (see Section 8.4.1).

I/O

I2S_RX_SDA Receive data. It is driven by the transmitter and read by the

receiver. Corresponds to the signal SD in the I2S-bus specification.

U3_TXD Transmitter output for UART 3.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P0[26]/ AD0[3]/
I/O
DAC_OUT/ U3_RXD I

P0[27]/ I2C0_SDA/
USB_SDA

P0[28]/ I2C0_SCL/
USB_SCL

P0[29]/ USB_D+1/
EINT0

P0[30]/ USB_D1/
EINT1

P0[31]/ USB_D+2

P0[26] General purpose digital input/output pin.

AD0[3] A/D converter 0, input 3. When configured as an ADC input, the digital
function of the pin must be disabled (see Section 8.4.1).

DAC_OUT D/A converter output. When configured as the DAC output, the digital
function of the pin must be disabled (see Section 8.4.1).

U3_RXD Receiver input for UART 3.

I/O

P0[27] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

I2C0_SDA I2C0 data input/output. (this pin uses a specialized I2C pad, see
Section 22.1 for details).

I/O

USB_SDA I2C serial data for communication with an external USB transceiver.

I/O

P0[28] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

I2C0_SCL0 I2C0 clock input/output (this pin uses a specialized I2C pad, see
Section 22.1 for details).

I/O

USB_SCL I2C serial clock for communication with an external USB transceiver.

I/O

P0[29] General purpose digital input/output pin. When used as GPIO, P0[29]
shares a direction control with P0[30].

I/O

USB_D+1 USB port 1 bidirectional D+ line.

EINT0 External interrupt 0 input.

I/O

P0[30] General purpose digital input/output pin. When used as GPIO, P0[30]
shares a direction control with P0[29].

I/O

USB_D1 USB port 1 bidirectional D line.

EINT1 External interrupt 1 input.

I/O

P0[31] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

USB_D+2 USB port 2 bidirectional D+ line.

P1[0] to P1[31]

I/O

P1[0]/ ENET_TXD0/
T3_CAP1/
SSP2_SCK

I/O

P1[0] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_TXD0 Ethernet transmit data 0 (RMII/MII interface).

T3_CAP1 Capture input for Timer 3, channel 1.

I/O

SSP2_SCK Serial clock for SSP2.

I/O

P1[1] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_TXD1 Ethernet transmit data 1 (RMII/MII interface).

T3_MAT3 Match output for Timer 3, channel 3.

I/O

SSP2_MOSI Master Out Slave In for SSP2.

I/O

P1[2] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_TXD2 Ethernet transmit data 2 (MII interface).

SD_CLK Clock output line for SD card interface.

PWM0[1] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 1.

I/O

P1[3] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_TXD3 Ethernet transmit data 3 (MII interface).

I/O

SD_CMD Command line for SD card interface.

PWM0[2] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 2.

P1[1]/ ENET_TXD1/
T3_MAT3/
SSP2_MOSI

P1[2]/ ENET_TXD2/
SD_CLK/ PWM0[1]

P1[3]/ ENET_TXD3/
SD_CMD/ PWM0[2]

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Port 1: Port 1 provides up to 32 I/O pins, depending on the package. Each pin has
individual direction control, pin mode configuration, and function selection.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P1[4]/
ENET_TX_EN/
T3_MAT2/
SSP2_MISO

I/O

P1[5]/
ENET_TX_ER/
SD_PWR/ PWM0[3]

P1[6]/
ENET_TX_CLK/
SD_DAT[0]/
PWM0[4]
P1[7]/ ENET_COL/
SD_DAT[1]/
PWM0[5]

P1[4] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_TX_EN Ethernet transmit data enable (RMII/MII interface).

T3_MAT2 Match output for Timer 3, channel 2.

I/O

SSP2_MISO Master In Slave Out for SSP2.

I/O

P1[5] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_TX_ER Ethernet Transmit Error (MII interface).

SD_PWR Power Supply Enable for external SD card power supply.

PWM0[3] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 3.

I/O

P1[6] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_TX_CLK Ethernet Transmit Clock (MII interface).

I/O

SD_DAT[0] Data line 0 for SD card interface.

PWM0[4] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 4.

I/O

P1[7] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_COL Ethernet Collision detect (MII interface).

I/O

SD_DAT[1] Data line 1 for SD card interface.

PWM0[5] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 5.

I/O

P1[8] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_CRS (ENET_CRS_DV) Ethernet Carrier Sense (MII interface) or Ethernet

Carrier Sense/Data Valid (RMII interface).

T3_MAT1 Match output for Timer 3, channel 1.

I/O

SSP2_SSEL Slave Select for SSP2.

P1[9]/ ENET_RXD0/ I/O

T3_MAT0
I

P1[9] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_RXD0 Ethernet receive data 0 (RMII/MII interface).

T3_MAT0 Match output for Timer 3, channel 0.

I/O

P1[10] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_RXD1 Ethernet receive data 1 (RMII/MII interface).

T3_CAP0 Capture input for Timer 3, channel 0.

I/O

P1[11] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_RXD2 Ethernet Receive Data 2 (MII interface).

P1[8]/ ENET_CRS
(ENET_CRS_DV)/
T3_MAT1/
SSP2_SSEL

P1[10]/
ENET_RXD1/
T3_CAP0
P1[11]/
ENET_RXD2/
SD_DAT[2]/
PWM0[6]
P1[12]/
ENET_RXD3/
SD_DAT[3]/
PWM0_CAP0
P1[13]/
ENET_RX_DV
P1[14]/
ENET_RX_ER/
T2_CAP0

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I/O

SD_DAT[2] Data line 2 for SD card interface.

PWM0[6] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 6.

I/O

P1[12] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_RXD3 Ethernet Receive Data (MII interface).

I/O

SD_DAT[3] Data line 3 for SD card interface.

PWM0_CAP0 Capture input for PWM0, channel 0.

I/O

P1[13] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_RX_DV Ethernet Receive Data Valid (MII interface).

I/O

P1[14] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_RX_ER Ethernet receive error (RMII/MII interface).

T2_CAP0 Capture input for Timer 2, channel 0.

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Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P1[15]/
ENET_RX_CLK
(ENET_REF_CLK)/
I2C2_SDA

I/O

P1[15] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_RX_CLK (ENET_REF_CLK) Ethernet Receive Clock (MII interface) or

Ethernet Reference Clock (RMII interface).

I/O

I2C2_SDA I2C2 data input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

P1[16]/ ENET_MDC/ I/O

I2S_TX_MCLK
O

P1[16] General purpose digital input/output pin.

ENET_MDC Ethernet MIIM clock.

I2S_TX_MCLK I2S transmitter master clock output.

I/O

P1[17] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

ENET_MDIO Ethernet MIIM data input and output.

I2S_RX_MCLK I2S receiver master clock output.

P1[18] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_UP_LED1 USB port 1 GoodLink LED indicator. It is LOW when device is

configured (non-control endpoints enabled). It is HIGH when the device is not
configured or during global suspend.

PWM1[1] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 1 output.

T1_CAP0 Capture input for Timer 1, channel 0.

I/O

SSP1_MISO Master In Slave Out for SSP1.

P1[19]/ USB_TX_E1/ I/O

USB_PPWR1/
O
T1_CAP1/ MC_0A/
SSP1_SCK/ U2_OE O
I

P1[19] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_TX_E1 Transmit Enable signal for USB port 1 (OTG transceiver).

USB_PPWR1 Port Power enable signal for USB port 1.

P1[17]/
ENET_MDIO/
I2S_RX_MCLK

P1[18]/
I/O
USB_UP_LED1/
O
PWM1[1]/ T1_CAP0/
SSP1_MISO

P1[20]/
USB_TX_DP1/
PWM1[2]/ QEI_PHA/
MC_FB0/
SSP0_SCK/
LCD_VD[6]/
LCD_VD[10]

P1[21]/
USB_TX_DM1/
PWM1[3]/
SSP0_SSEL/
MC_ABORT/
LCD_VD[7]/
LCD_VD[11]

UM10470

User manual

T1_CAP1 Capture input for Timer 1, channel 1.

MC_0A Motor control PWM channel 0, output A.

I/O

SSP1_SCK Serial clock for SSP1.

U2_OE RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 2.

I/O

P1[20] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_TX_DP1 D+ transmit data for USB port 1 (OTG transceiver).

PWM1[2] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 2 output.

QEI_PHA Quadrature Encoder Interface PHA input.

MC_FB0 Motor control PWM channel 0 feedback input.

I/O

SSP0_SCK0 Serial clock for SSP0.

LCD_VD[6] LCD data.

LCD_VD[10] LCD data.

I/O

P1[21] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_TX_DM1 D transmit data for USB port 1 (OTG transceiver).

PWM1[3] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 3 output.

I/O

SSP0_SSEL Slave Select for SSP0.

MC_ABORT Motor control PWM, active low fast abort.

LCD_VD[7] LCD data.

LCD_VD[11] LCD data.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P1[22]/ USB_RCV1/
USB_PWRD1/
T1_MAT0/ MC_0B/
SSP1_MOSI/
LCD_VD[8]/
LCD_VD[12]

I/O

P1[23]/
USB_RX_DP1/
PWM1[4]/ QEI_PHB/
MC_FB1/
SSP0_MISO/
LCD_VD[9]/
LCD_VD[13]

P1[24]/
USB_RX_DM1/
PWM1[5]/ QEI_IDX/
MC_FB2/
SSP0_MOSI/
LCD_VD[10]/
LCD_VD[14]

P1[25]/ USB_LS1/
USB_HSTEN1/
T1_MAT1/ MC_1A/
CLKOUT/
LCD_VD[11]/
LCD_VD[15]

P1[26]/
USB_SSPND1/
PWM1[6]/ T0_CAP0/
MC_1B/
SSP1_SSEL/
LCD_VD[12]/
LCD_VD[20]

UM10470

User manual

P1[22] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_RCV1 Differential receive data for USB port 1 (OTG transceiver).

USB_PWRD1 Power Status for USB port 1 (host power switch).

T1_MAT0 Match output for Timer 1, channel 0.

MC_0B Motor control PWM channel 0, output B.

I/O

SSP1_MOSI Master Out Slave In for SSP1.

LCD_VD[8] LCD data.

LCD_VD[12] LCD data.

I/O

P1[23] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_RX_DP1 D+ receive data for USB port 1 (OTG transceiver).

PWM1[4] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 4 output.

QEI_PHB Quadrature Encoder Interface PHB input.

MC_FB1 Motor control PWM channel 1 feedback input.

I/O

SSP0_MISO Master In Slave Out for SSP0.

LCD_VD[9] LCD data.

LCD_VD[13] LCD data.

I/O

P1[24] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_RX_DM1 D receive data for USB port 1 (OTG transceiver).

PWM1[5] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 5 output.

QEI_IDX Quadrature Encoder Interface INDEX input.

MC_FB2 Motor control PWM channel 2 feedback input.

I/O

SSP0_MOSI Master Out Slave in for SSP0.

LCD_VD[10]/LCD_VD[14] LCD data.

LCD_VD[10]/LCD_VD[14] LCD data.

I/O

P1[25] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_LS1 Low Speed status for USB port 1 (OTG transceiver).

USB_HSTEN1 Host Enabled status for USB port 1.

T1_MAT1 Match output for Timer 1, channel 1.

MC_1A Motor control PWM channel 1, output A.

CLKOUT Selectable clock output.

LCD_VD[11] LCD data.

LCD_VD[15] LCD data.

I/O

P1[26] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_SSPND1 USB port 1 Bus Suspend status (OTG transceiver).

PWM1[6] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 6 output.

T0_CAP0 Capture input for Timer 0, channel 0.

MC_1B Motor control PWM channel 1, output B.

I/O

SSP1_SSEL Slave Select for SSP1.

LCD_VD[12] LCD data.

LCD_VD[20] LCD data.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P1[27]/ USB_INT1/
USB_OVRCR1/
T0_CAP1/ CLKOUT/
LCD_VD[13]/
LCD_VD[21]

I/O

P1[27] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_INT1 USB port 1 OTG transceiver interrupt (OTG transceiver).

USB_OVRCR1 USB port 1 Over-Current status.

T0_CAP1 Capture input for Timer 0, channel 1.

CLKOUT Selectable clock output.

P1[28]/ USB_SCL1/
PWM1_CAP0/
T0_MAT0/ MC_2A/
SSP0_SSEL/
LCD_VD[14]/
LCD_VD[22]

P1[29]/ USB_SDA1/
PWM1_CAP1/
T0_MAT1/ MC_2B/
U4_TXD/
LCD_VD[15]/
LCD_VD[23]

LCD_VD[13] LCD data.

LCD_VD[21] LCD data.

I/O

P1[28] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

USB_SCL1 USB port 1 I2C serial clock (OTG transceiver).

PWM1_CAP0 Capture input for PWM1, channel 0.

T0_MAT0 Match output for Timer 0, channel 0.

MC_2A Motor control PWM channel 2, output A.

I/O

SSP0_SSEL Slave Select for SSP0.

LCD_VD[14] LCD data.

LCD_VD[22] LCD data.

I/O

P1[29] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

USB_SDA1 USB port 1 I2C serial data (OTG transceiver).

PWM1_CAP1 Capture input for PWM1, channel 1.

T0_MAT1 Match output for Timer 0, channel 1.

MC_2B Motor control PWM channel 2, output B.

U4_TXD Transmitter output for UART 4 (input/output in smart card mode).

LCD_VD[15] LCD data.

LCD_VD[23] LCD data.

P1[30] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_PWRD2 Power Status for USB port 2.

USB_VBUS Monitors the presence of USB bus power.

P1[30]/
I/O
USB_PWRD2/
I
USB_VBUS/ AD0[4]/
I2C0_SDA/ U3_OE I

Note: This signal must be HIGH for USB reset to occur.

AD0[4] A/D converter 0, input 4. When configured as an ADC input, the digital
function of the pin must be disabled (see Section 8.4.1).

I/O

I2C0_SDA I2C0 data input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

U3_OE RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 3.

P1[31]/
I/O
USB_OVRCR2/
I
SSP1_SCK/ AD0[5]/
I/O
I2C0_SCL
I
I/O
P2[0] to P2[31]

UM10470

User manual

I/O

P1[31] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_OVRCR2 Over-Current status for USB port 2.

SSP1_SCK Serial Clock for SSP1.

AD0[5] A/D converter 0, input 5. When configured as an ADC input, the digital
function of the pin must be disabled (see Section 8.4.1).

I2C0_SCL I2C0 clock input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).
Port 2: Port 2 provides up to 32 I/O pins, depending on the package. Each pin has
individual direction control, pin mode configuration, and function selection.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P2[0]/ PWM1[1]/
I/O
U1_TXD/ LCD_PWR O

P2[1]/ PWM1[2]/
U1_RXD/ LCD_LE

P2[2]/ PWM1[3]/
U1_CTS/ T2_MAT3/
TRACEDATA[3]/
LCD_DCLK

PWM1[1] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 1 output.

U1_TXD Transmitter output for UART 1.

LCD_PWR LCD panel power enable.

I/O

P2[1] General purpose digital input/output pin.

PWM1[2] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 2 output.

U1_RXD Receiver input for UART 1.

LCD_LE Line end signal.

I/O

P2[2] General purpose digital input/output pin.

PWM1[3] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 3 output.

U1_CTS Clear to Send input for UART 1.

T2_MAT3 Match output for Timer 2, channel 3.

TRACEDATA[3] Trace data, bit 3.

LCD_DCLK LCD panel clock.

P2[3] General purpose digital input/output pin.

PWM1[4] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 4 output.

U1_DCD Data Carrier Detect input for UART 1.

T2_MAT2 Match output for Timer 2, channel 2.

TRACEDATA[2] Trace data, bit 2.

LCD_FP Frame pulse (STN). Vertical synchronization pulse (TFT).

P2[4] General purpose digital input/output pin.

P2[4]/ PWM1[5]/
I/O
U1_DSR/ T2_MAT1/ O
TRACEDATA[1]/
I
LCD_ENAB_M
O

PWM1[5] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 5 output.

U1_DSR Data Set Ready input for UART 1.

T2_MAT1 Match output for Timer 2, channel 1.

TRACEDATA[1] Trace data, bit 1.

LCD_ENAB_M STN AC bias drive or TFT data enable output.

P2[5] General purpose digital input/output pin.

PWM1[6] Pulse Width Modulator 1, channel 6 output.

U1_DTR Data Terminal Ready output for UART 1. Can also be configured to be
an RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 1.

T2_MAT0 Match output for Timer 2, channel 0.

TRACEDATA[0] Trace data, bit 0.

LCD_LP Line synchronization pulse (STN). Horizontal synchronization pulse

(TFT).

P2[5]/ PWM1[6]/
I/O
U1_DTR/ T2_MAT0/ O
TRACEDATA[0]/
O
LCD_LP

User manual

P2[0] General purpose digital input/output pin.

P2[3]/ PWM1[4]/
I/O
U1_DCD/ T2_MAT2/ O
TRACEDATA[2]/
I
LCD_FP
O

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P2[6]/ PWM1_CAP0/
U1_RI/ T2_CAP0/
U2_OE/
TRACECLK/
LCD_VD[0]/
LCD_VD[4]

I/O

P2[7]/ CAN_RD2/
U1_RTS/
LCD_VD[1]/
LCD_VD[5]

P2[8]/ CAN_TD2/
U2_TXD/ U1_CTS/
ENET_MDC/
LCD_VD[2]/
LCD_VD[6]

P2[9]/
USB_CONNECT1/
U2_RXD/ U4_RXD/
ENET_MDIO/
LCD_VD[3]/
LCD_VD[7]

P2[10]/ EINT0/ NMI

P2[6] General purpose digital input/output pin.

PWM1_CAP0 Capture input for PWM1, channel 0.

U1_RI Ring Indicator input for UART 1.

T2_CAP0 Capture input for Timer 2, channel 0.

U2_OE RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 2.

TRACECLK Trace clock.

LCD_VD[0] LCD data.

LCD_VD[4] LCD data.

I/O

P2[7] General purpose digital input/output pin.

CAN_RD2 CAN2 receiver input.

U1_RTS Request to Send output for UART 1. Can also be configured to be an

RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 1.

LCD_VD[1] LCD data.

LCD_VD[5] LCD data.

I/O

P2[8] General purpose digital input/output pin.

CAN_TD2 CAN2 transmitter output.

U2_TXD Transmitter output for UART 2.

U1_CTS Clear to Send input for UART 1.

ENET_MDC Ethernet MIIM clock.

LCD_VD[2] LCD data.

LCD_VD[6] LCD data.

I/O

P2[9] General purpose digital input/output pin.

USB_CONNECT1 USB1 SoftConnect control. Signal used to switch an external

1.5 k resistor under the software control. Used with the SoftConnect USB feature.

U2_RXD Receiver input for UART 2.

U4_RXD Receiver input for UART 4.

I/O

ENET_MDIO Ethernet MIIM data input and output.

LCD_VD[3] LCD data.

LCD_VD[7] LCD data.

I/O

P2[10] General purpose digital input/output pin. This pin includes a 5 ns input
glitch filter.
Note: A LOW on this pin while RESET is LOW forces the on-chip boot loader to
take over control of the part after a reset and go into ISP mode. See Section 37.3.

P2[11]/ EINT1/
SD_DAT[1]/
I2S_TX_SCK/
LCD_CLKIN

UM10470

User manual

EINT0 External interrupt 0 input.

NMI Non-maskable interrupt input.

I/O

P2[11] General purpose digital input/output pin. This pin includes a 5 ns input
glitch filter.

EINT1 External interrupt 1 input.

I/O

SD_DAT[1] Data line 1 for SD card interface.

I/O

I2S_TX_SCK Transmit Clock. It is driven by the master and received by the

slave. Corresponds to the signal SCK in the I2S-bus specification.

LCD_CLKIN LCD clock.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P2[12]/ EINT2/
SD_DAT[2]/
I2S_TX_WS/
LCD_VD[4]/
LCD_VD[3]/
LCD_VD[8]/
LCD_VD[18]

I/O

P2[12] General purpose digital input/output pin. This pin includes a 5 ns input
glitch filter.

EINT2 External interrupt 2 input.

I/O

SD_DAT[2] Data line 2 for SD card interface.

I/O

I2S_TX_WS Transmit Word Select. It is driven by the master and received by the
slave. Corresponds to the signal WS in the I2S-bus specification.

LCD_VD[4] LCD data.

LCD_VD[3] LCD data.

LCD_VD[8] LCD data.

P2[13]/ EINT3/
SD_DAT[3]/
I2S_TX_SDA/
LCD_VD[5]/
LCD_VD[9]/
LCD_VD[19]

P2[14]/ EMC_CS2/
I2C1_SDA/
T2_CAP0

P2[15]/ EMC_CS3/
I2C1_SCL/
T2_CAP1

P2[16]/ EMC_CAS
P2[17]/ EMC_RAS
P2[18]/ EMC_CLK0
P2[19]/ EMC_CLK1

LCD_VD[18] LCD data.

I/O

P2[13] General purpose digital input/output pin. This pin includes a 5 ns input
glitch filter.

EINT3 External interrupt 3 input.

I/O

SD_DAT[3] Data line 3 for SD card interface.

I/O

I2S_TX_SDA Transmit data. It is driven by the transmitter and read by the

receiver. Corresponds to the signal SD in the I2S-bus specification.

LCD_VD[5] LCD data.

LCD_VD[9] LCD data.

LCD_VD[19] LCD data.

I/O

P2[14] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_CS2 LOW active Chip Select 2 signal.

I/O

I2C1_SDA I2C1 data input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

T2_CAP0 Capture input for Timer 2, channel 0.

I/O

P2[15] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_CS3 LOW active Chip Select 3 signal.

I/O

I2C1_SCL I2C1 clock input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

T2_CAP1 Capture input for Timer 2, channel 1.

I/O

P2[16] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_CAS LOW active SDRAM Column Address Strobe.

I/O

P2[17] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_RAS LOW active SDRAM Row Address Strobe.

I/O

P2[18] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_CLK0 SDRAM clock 0.

I/O

P2[19] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_CLK1 SDRAM clock 1.

P2[20]/
EMC_DYCS0

I/O

P2[20] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_DYCS0 SDRAM chip select 0.

P2[21]/
EMC_DYCS1

I/O

P2[21] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_DYCS1 SDRAM chip select 1.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P2[22]/
EMC_DYCS2/
SSP0_SCK/
T3_CAP0

I/O

P2[22] General purpose digital input/output pin.

P2[23]/
EMC_DYCS3/
SSP0_SSEL/
T3_CAP1

EMC_DYCS2 SDRAM chip select 2.

I/O

SSP0_SCK Serial clock for SSP0.

T3_CAP0 Capture input for Timer 3, channel 0.

I/O

P2[23] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_DYCS3 SDRAM chip select 3.

I/O

SSP0_SSEL Slave Select for SSP0.

T3_CAP1 Capture input for Timer 3, channel 1.

P2[24]/ EMC_CKE0

I/O

P2[24] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_CKE0 SDRAM clock enable 0.

P2[25]/ EMC_CKE1

I/O

P2[25] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_CKE1 SDRAM clock enable 1.

P2[26] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_CKE2 SDRAM clock enable 2.

SSP0_MISO Master In Slave Out for SSP0.

T3_MAT0 Match output for Timer 3, channel 0.

P2[27] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_CKE3 SDRAM clock enable 3.

SSP0_MOSI Master Out Slave In for SSP0.

T3_MAT1 Match output for Timer 3, channel 1.

P2[28] General purpose digital input/output pin.

P2[26]/ EMC_CKE2/ I/O

SSP0_MISO/
O
T3_MAT0
I/O
O
P2[27]/ EMC_CKE3/ I/O
SSP0_MOSI/
O
T3_MAT1
I/O
O
P2[28]/ EMC_DQM0 I/O
O
P2[29]/ EMC_DQM1 I/O
O
P2[30]/ EMC_DQM2/ I/O
I2C2_SDA/
O
T3_MAT2
I/O
O
P2[31]/ EMC_DQM3/ I/O
I2C2_SCL/
O
T3_MAT3
I/O
O
P3[0] to P3[31]

I/O

P3[0]/ EMC_D[0]

I/O

P3[1]/ EMC_D[1]

I/O

UM10470

User manual

EMC_DQM0 Data mask 0 used with SDRAM and static devices.

P2[29] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_DQM1 Data mask 1 used with SDRAM and static devices.

P2[30] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_DQM2 Data mask 2 used with SDRAM and static devices.

I2C2_SDA I2C2 data input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

T3_MAT2 Match output for Timer 3, channel 2.

P2[31] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_DQM3 Data mask 3 used with SDRAM and static devices.

I2C2_SCL I2C2 clock input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

T3_MAT3 Match output for Timer 3, channel 3.

Port 3: Port 3 provides up to 32 I/O pins, depending on the package. Each pin has
individual direction control, pin mode configuration, and function selection.

P3[0] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[0] External memory data line 0.

I/O

P3[1] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_D[1] External memory data line 1.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P3[2]/ EMC_D[2]

I/O

P3[3]/ EMC_D[3]

P3[2] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[2] External memory data line 2.

I/O

P3[3] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[3] External memory data line 3.

P3[4]/ EMC_D[4]

I/O

P3[4] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[4] External memory data line 4.

P3[5]/ EMC_D[5]

I/O

P3[5] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[5] External memory data line 5.

P3[6]/ EMC_D[6]

I/O

P3[6] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[6] External memory data line 6.

P3[7]/ EMC_D[7]

I/O

P3[7] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[7] External memory data line 7.

P3[8]/ EMC_D[8]

I/O

P3[8] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[8] External memory data line 8.

P3[9]/ EMC_D[9]

I/O

P3[9] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[9] External memory data line 9.

I/O

P3[10] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[10] External memory data line 10.

I/O

P3[11] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[11] External memory data line 11.

P3[12]/ EMC_D[12]

I/O

P3[12] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[12] External memory data line 12.

P3[13]/ EMC_D[13]

I/O

P3[13] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[13] External memory data line 13.

I/O

P3[14] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[14] External memory data line 14. On POR, this pin serves as the
BOOT0 pin (see P3[15] description below.

I/O

P3[15] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[15] External memory data line 15. On POR, this pin serves as the
BOOT1 pin (flashless parts only).

P3[10]/ EMC_D[10]
P3[11]/ EMC_D[11]

P3[14]/ EMC_D[14]

P3[15]/ EMC_D[15]

BOOT[1:0] = 00 selects 8-bit external memory on EMC_CS1.

BOOT[1:0] = 01 is reserved. Do not use.
BOOT[1:0] = 10 selects 32-bit external memory on EMC_CS1.
BOOT[1:0] = 11 selects 16-bit external memory on EMC_CS1.
P3[16]/ EMC_D[16]/
PWM0[1]/ U1_TXD

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I/O

P3[16] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[16] External memory data line 16.

PWM0[1] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 1.

U1_TXD Transmitter output for UART 1.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P3[17]/ EMC_D[17]/
PWM0[2]/ U1_RXD

I/O

P3[18]/ EMC_D[18]/
PWM0[3]/ U1_CTS

P3[19]/ EMC_D[19]/
PWM0[4]/ U1_DCD

P3[20]/ EMC_D[20]/
PWM0[5]/ U1_DSR

P3[21]/ EMC_D[21]/
PWM0[6]/ U1_DTR

P3[22]/ EMC_D[22]/
PWM0_CAP0/
U1_RI

P3[23]/ EMC_D[23]/
PWM1_CAP0/
T0_CAP0

P3[24]/ EMC_D[24]/
PWM1[1]/ T0_CAP1

P3[25]/ EMC_D[25]/
PWM1[2]/ T0_MAT0

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P3[17] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[17] External memory data line 17.

PWM0[2] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 2.

U1_RXD Receiver input for UART 1.

I/O

P3[18] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[18] External memory data line 18.

PWM0[3] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 3.

U1_CTS Clear to Send input for UART 1.

I/O

P3[19] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[19] External memory data line 19.

PWM0[4] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 4.

U1_DCD Data Carrier Detect input for UART 1.

I/O

P3[20] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[20] External memory data line 20.

PWM0[5] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 5.

U1_DSR Data Set Ready input for UART 1.

I/O

P3[21] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[21] External memory data line 21.

PWM0[6] Pulse Width Modulator 0, output 6.

U1_DTR Data Terminal Ready output for UART 1. Can also be configured to be
an RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 1.

I/O

P3[22] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[22] External memory data line 22.

PWM0_CAP0 Capture input for PWM0, channel 0.

U1_RI Ring Indicator input for UART 1.

I/O

P3[23] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[23] External memory data line 23.

PWM1_CAP0 Capture input for PWM1, channel 0.

T0_CAP0 Capture input for Timer 0, channel 0.

I/O

P3[24] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[24] External memory data line 24.

PWM1[1] Pulse Width Modulator 1, output 1.

T0_CAP1 Capture input for Timer 0, channel 1.

I/O

P3[25] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[25] External memory data line 25.

PWM1[2] Pulse Width Modulator 1, output 2.

T0_MAT0 Match output for Timer 0, channel 0.

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Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P3[26]/ EMC_D[26]/ I/O

PWM1[3]/ T0_MAT1/ I/O
STCLK
O

P3[27]/ EMC_D[27]/
PWM1[4]/ T1_CAP0

P3[28]/ EMC_D[28]/
PWM1[5]/ T1_CAP1

P3[29]/ EMC_D[29]/
PWM1[6]/ T1_MAT0

P3[30]/ EMC_D[30]/
U1_RTS/ T1_MAT1

P3[31]/ EMC_D[31]/
T1_MAT2

P3[26] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_D[26] External memory data line 26.

PWM1[3] Pulse Width Modulator 1, output 3.

T0_MAT1 Match output for Timer 0, channel 1.

STCLK System tick timer clock input.

I/O

P3[27] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[27] External memory data line 27.

PWM1[4] Pulse Width Modulator 1, output 4.

T1_CAP0 Capture input for Timer 1, channel 0.

I/O

P3[28] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[28] External memory data line 28.

PWM1[5] Pulse Width Modulator 1, output 5.

T1_CAP1 Capture input for Timer 1, channel 1.

I/O

P3[29] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[29] External memory data line 29.

PWM1[6] Pulse Width Modulator 1, output 6.

T1_MAT0 Match output for Timer 1, channel 0.

I/O

P3[30] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[30] External memory data line 30.

U1_RTS Request to Send output for UART 1. Can also be configured to be an

RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 1.

T1_MAT1 Match output for Timer 1, channel 1.

I/O

P3[31] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_D[31] External memory data line 31.

T1_MAT2 Match output for Timer 1, channel 2.

P4[0] to P4[31]

I/O

P4[0]/ EMC_A[0]

I/O

P4[0] ]General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[0] External memory address line 0.

I/O

P4[1] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[1] External memory address line 1.

I/O

P4[2] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[2] External memory address line 2.

I/O

P4[3] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[3] External memory address line 3.

I/O

P4[4] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[4] External memory address line 4.

I/O

P4[5] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[5] External memory address line 5.

I/O

P4[6] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[6] External memory address line 6.

P4[1]/ EMC_A[1]
P4[2]/ EMC_A[2]
P4[3]/ EMC_A[3]
P4[4]/ EMC_A[4]
P4[5]/ EMC_A[5]
P4[6]/ EMC_A[6]

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Port 4: Port 4 provides up to 32 I/O pins, depending on the package. Each pin has
individual direction control, pin mode configuration, and function selection.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P4[7]/ EMC_A[7]

I/O

P4[8]/ EMC_A[8]
P4[9]/ EMC_A[9]
P4[10]/ EMC_A[10]
P4[11]/ EMC_A[11]
P4[12]/ EMC_A[12]
P4[13]/ EMC_A[13]
P4[14]/ EMC_A[14]
P4[15]/ EMC_A[15]
P4[16]/ EMC_A[16]
P4[17]/ EMC_A[17]
P4[18]/ EMC_A[18]
P4[19]/ EMC_A[19]
P4[20]/ EMC_A[20]/
I2C2_SDA/
SSP1_SCK

P4[21]/ EMC_A[21]/
I2C2_SCL/
SSP1_SSEL

P4[22]/ EMC_A[22]/
U2_TXD/
SSP1_MISO

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P4[7] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[7] External memory address line 7.

I/O

P4[8] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[8] External memory address line 8.

I/O

P4[9] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[9] External memory address line 9.

I/O

P4[10] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[10] External memory address line 10.

I/O

P4[11] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[11] External memory address line 11.

I/O

P4[12] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[12] External memory address line 12.

I/O

P4[13] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[13] External memory address line 13.

I/O

P4[14] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[14] External memory address line 14.

I/O

P4[15] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[15] External memory address line 15.

I/O

P4[16] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[16] External memory address line 16.

I/O

P4[17] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[17] External memory address line 17.

I/O

P4[18] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[18] External memory address line 18.

I/O

P4[19] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[19] External memory address line 19.

I/O

P4[20] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[20] External memory address line 20.

I/O

I2C2_SDA I2C2 data input/output ((this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

I/O

SSP1_SCK Serial Clock for SSP1.

I/O

P4[21] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[21] External memory address line 21.

I/O

I2C2_SCL I2C2 clock input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

I/O

SSP1_SSEL Slave Select for SSP1.

I/O

P4[22] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[22] External memory address line 22.

U2_TXD Transmitter output for UART 2.

I/O

SSP1_MISO Master In Slave Out for SSP1.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P4[23]/ EMC_A[23]/
U2_RXD/
SSP1_MOSI

I/O

P4[23] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[23] External memory address line 23.

U2_RXD Receiver input for UART 2.

I/O

SSP1_MOSI Master Out Slave In for SSP1.

P4[24]/ EMC_OE

I/O

P4[24] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_OE LOW active Output Enable signal.

P4[25]/ EMC_WE

I/O

P4[25] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_WE LOW active Write Enable signal.

P4[26]/ EMC_BLS0

I/O

P4[26] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_BLS0 LOW active Byte Lane select signal 0.

P4[27]/ EMC_BLS1

I/O

P4[27] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_BLS1 LOW active Byte Lane select signal 1.

I/O

P4 [28] General purpose digital input/output pin.

P4[28]/ EMC_BLS2/
U3_TXD/ T2_MAT0/
LCD_VD[6]/
LCD_VD[10]/
LCD_VD[2]

P4[29]/ EMC_BLS3/
U3_RXD/ T2_MAT1/
I2C2_SCL/
LCD_VD[7]/
LCD_VD[11]/
LCD_VD[3]

EMC_BLS2 LOW active Byte Lane select signal 2.

TXD3 Transmitter output for UART 3.

T2_MAT0 Match output for Timer 2, channel 0.

LCD_VD[6] LCD data.

LCD_VD[10] LCD data.

LCD_VD[2] LCD data.

I/O

P4[29] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_BLS3 LOW active Byte Lane select signal 3.

U3_RXD Receiver input for UART 3.

T2_MAT1 Match output for Timer 2, channel 1.

I/O

I2C2_SCL I2C2 clock input/output (this pin does not use a specialized I2C pad,
see Section 22.1 for details).

LCD_VD[7] LCD data.

LCD_VD[11] LCD data.

LCD_VD[3] LCD data.

P4[30]/ EMC_CS0

I/O

P4[30] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_CS0 LOW active Chip Select 0 signal.

P4[31]/ EMC_CS1

I/O

P4[31] General purpose digital input/output pin.

EMC_CS1 LOW active Chip Select 1 signal.

P5[0] to P5[4]

I/O

P5[0]/ EMC_A[24]/
T2_MAT2

I/O

P5[0] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[24] External memory address line 24.

T2_MAT2 Match output for Timer 2, channel 2.

P5[1]/ EMC_A[25]/
T2_MAT3

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Port 5: Port 5 provides up to 5 I/O pins, depending on the package. Each pin has
individual direction control, pin mode configuration, and function selection.

I/O

P5[1] General purpose digital input/output pin.

I/O

EMC_A[25] External memory address line 25.

T2_MAT3 Match output for Timer 2, channel 3.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

P5[2]/ T3_MAT2/
I2C0_SDA

I/O

P5[2] General purpose digital input/output pin.

P5[3]/ U4_RXD/
I2C0_SCL

P5[4]/ U0_OE/
T3_MAT3/ U4_TXD

T3_MAT2 Match output for Timer 3, channel 2.

I/O

I2C0_SDA I2C0 data input/output (this pin uses a specialized I2C pad that
supports I2C Fast Mode Plus).

I/O

P5[3] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U4_RXD Receiver input for UART 4.

I/O

I2C0_SCL0 I2C0 clock input/output (this pin uses a specialized I2C pad that
supports I2C Fast Mode Plus.

I/O

P5[4] General purpose digital input/output pin.

U0_OE RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal for UART 0.

T3_MAT3 Match output for Timer 3, channel 3.

U4_TXD Transmitter output for UART 4 (input/output in smart card mode).

RTC_ALARM

RTC_ALARM RTC controlled output. This pin has a low drive strength and is
powered by VBAT (see data sheet for details). It is driven LOW when a RTC alarm is
generated.

USB_D2

I/O

USB_D2 USB port 2 bidirectional D line.

JTAG_TDO (SWO)

JTAG_TDO Test Data Out for JTAG interface.

SWO Serial wire trace output.

JTAG_TDI

TDI Test Data In for JTAG interface. This pin includes an internal pull-up, see
Section 38.1.

JTAG_TMS
(SWDIO)

TMS Test Mode Select for JTAG interface. This pin includes an internal pull-up,
see Section 38.1.
SWDIO Serial wire debug data input/output.

JTAG_TRST

TRST Test Reset for JTAG interface. This pin includes an internal pull-up, see
Section 38.1.

JTAG_TCK
(SWDCLK)

TCK Test Clock for JTAG interface. This clock must be slower than 16 of the CPU
clock (CCLK) for the JTAG interface to operate.
SWDCLK Serial wire clock.

RSTOUT

Reset status output. A LOW output on this pin indicates that the device is in the
reset state, for any reason. This reflects the RESET input pin and all internal reset
sources.

RESET

External reset input. A LOW on this pin resets the device, causing I/O ports and
peripherals to take on their default states, and processor execution to begin at
address 0. This pin includes a 20 ns input glitch filter.

XTAL1[2]

Input to the oscillator circuit and internal clock generator circuits.

XTAL2[2]

Output from the oscillator amplifier.

RTCX1[2]

Input to the RTC 32 kHz ultra-low power oscillator circuit.

RTCX2[2]

Output from the RTC 32 kHz ultra-low power oscillator circuit.

[2]

ground: 0 V reference for digital IO pins.

VSSREG[2]

ground: 0 V reference for internal logic.

analog ground: 0 V power supply and reference for the ADC and DAC. This should
be the same voltage as VSS, but should be isolated to minimize noise and error.

3.3 V supply voltage: This is the power supply voltage for I/O other than pins in the
Vbat domain.

VSS

VSSA

[2]

VDD(3V3)[2]

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Table 67.

LPC178x/177x pin description continued

Symbol

Type IOCON Description

select[1]

VDD(REG)(3V3)[2]

3.3 V regulator supply voltage: This is the power supply for the on-chip voltage
regulator that supplies internal logic.

VDDA[2]

analog 3.3 V pad supply voltage: This can be connected to the same supply as
VDD(3V3) but should be isolated to minimize noise and error. This voltage is used to
power the ADC and DAC. Note: this pin should be tied to 3.3V if the ADC and
DAC are not used.

VREFP[2]

ADC positive reference voltage: This should be the same voltage as VDDA, but
should be isolated to minimize noise and error. The voltage level on this pin is used
as a reference for ADC and DAC. Note: this pin should be tied to 3.3V if the ADC
and DAC are not used.

VBAT[2]

RTC power supply: 3.3 V on this pin supplies power to the RTC.

[1]

These values are used in the FUNC field of the IOCON registers, described in Section 8.4.1.

[2]

These pins provide special analog functionality.

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Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

7.2 Boot control

Flashless LPC178x/177x devices use pins P3[15]/D15 and P3[14]/D14 for configuring the
external memory bus during the boot process. These pins are sampled during Power-on
Reset (POR). See Table 68 for possible settings of the boot control pins.
Table 68.

Boot control on pins P3[15]/D15 and P3/14]/D14

P3[15]/D15

P3[14]/D14

BOOT1

BOOT0

Description

Boot from 8-bit external memory on EMC_CS1. Sampled on POR signal.

Reserved. Do not use.

Boot from 32-bit external memory on EMC_CS1. Sampled on POR signal.

Boot from 16-bit external memory on EMC_CS1. Sampled on POR signal.

During the boot process, external memory banks 0 and 1 are configured with the same
data bus width determined by the setting of the two boot pins P3[15]/D15 and P3[14]/D14.
Unused address pins (A0 when booting from 16-bit wide external memory, A1 and A0
when booting from 32-bit wide memory) are configured as GPIO.
The boot loader will branch to external user code at address 0x8000 0000. This code
must set up an interrupt vector table (see Section 2.4). The external boot memory must be
connected to static chip select 1 (EMC_CS1). Note that EMC_CS1 is mirrored onto
EMC_CS0 because the address mirror bit is set in the EMCControl register during POR,
see Table 114. Therefore, the user code residing in the external boot memory must be
linked to execute from address location 0x8000 0000 (EMC bank 0 address).
Remark: The external boot option is supported only for flashless devices.

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Rev. 1 6 July 2011

User manual

8.1 How to read this chapter

The LPC178x/177x provides a separate register to configure each GPIO pin. This
configuration includes which internal function is connected to the pin, the output mode
(plain, pull-up, pull-down, or repeater), open drain mode control, hysteresis enable, slew
rate control, and buffer setup for analog functions. Some pins include additional special
controls, such as for I2C buffer modes. These registers are summarized in Table 69.
Table 69.
Port

Summary of I/O pin configuration registers

Registers

Detail Table

IOCON_P0_nn, where nn is the port pin number, from 0 to

31[1]

Table 70

Port 1 pins

IOCON_P1_nn, where nn is the port pin number, from 0 to

31[1]

Table 71

Port 2 pins

IOCON_P2_nn, where nn is the port pin number, from 0 to 31[1]

Table 72

Port 3 pins

IOCON_P3_nn, where nn is the port pin number, from 0 to

31[1]

Table 73

IOCON_P4_nn, where nn is the port pin number, from 0 to

31[1]

Table 74

IOCON_P5_nn, where nn is the port pin number, from 0 to

4[1]

Table 75

Port 0 pins

Port 4 pins
Port 5 pins
[1]

Which pins are available depends on the part number and package combination.

8.2 Description
The pin connect block allows most pins of the microcontroller to have more than one
potential function. Configuration registers control the multiplexers to allow connection
between the pin and the on-chip peripherals.
Peripherals should be connected to the appropriate pins prior to being activated and prior
to any related interrupt(s) being enabled. Activity of any enabled peripheral function that is
not mapped to a related pin should be considered undefined.
Selection of a single function on a port pin excludes other peripheral functions available
on the same pin. However, the GPIO input stays connected and may be read by software
or used to contribute to the GPIO interrupt feature.

8.3 IOCON registers

The IOCON registers control the functions of device pins. Each GPIO pin has a dedicated
control register to select its function and characteristics. Each pin has a unique set of
functional capabilities. Not all pin characteristics are selectable on all pins. For instance,
pins that have an I2C function can be configured for different I2C-bus modes, while pins
that have an analog alternate function have an analog mode can be selected.Details of
the IOCON registers are in Section 8.4.1. The following sections describe specific
characteristics of pins.

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Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

Multiple connections

Since a particular peripheral function may be allowed on more than one pin, it is possible
to configure more than one pin to perform the same function. If a peripheral output
function is configured to appear on more than one pin, it will in fact be routed to those
pins. If a peripheral input function is defined as coming from more than one source, the
values will be logically combined, possibly resulting in incorrect peripheral operation.
Therefore care should be taken to avoid this situation.

VDD

open-drain enable

strong
pull-up

output enable
pin configured
as digital output

VDD
ESD

data output

Px[y]
strong
pull-down

ESD

VDD
weak
pull-up

pull-up enable
repeater
mode enable

weak
pull-down

pull-down enable

pin configured
as digital input
digital
input

10 ns
glitch filter

enable
input invert
enable
glitch filter
pin configured
as analog input

enable
analog input
analog
input

100818

Fig 12. I/O configurations

8.3.1 Pin function

The FUNC bits in the IOCON registers can be set to GPIO (typically value 000) or to a
special function. For pins set to GPIO, the FIOnDIR registers determine whether the pin is
configured as an input or output (see Section 9.5.1). For any special function, the pin
direction is controlled automatically depending on the function. The FIOnDIR registers
have no effect for special functions.

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Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

8.3.2 Pin mode

The MODE bits in the IOCON register allow the selection of on-chip pull-up or pull-down
resistors for each pin or select the repeater mode.
The possible on-chip resistor configurations are pull-up enabled, pull-down enabled, or no
pull-up/pull-down. The default value is pull-up enabled.
The repeater mode enables the pull-up resistor if the pin is high and enables the
pull-down resistor if the pin is low. This causes the pin to retain its last known state if it is
configured as an input and is not driven externally. Such state retention is not applicable to
the Deep Power-down mode. Repeater mode may typically be used to prevent a pin from
floating (and potentially using significant power if it floats to an indeterminate state) if it is
temporarily not driven.

8.3.3 Hysteresis
The input buffer for digital functions can be configured with or without hysteresis. See the
appropriate specific device data sheet for quantitative details.

8.3.4 Input Inversion

This option is included to save users from having to include an external inverter on an
input that is only available in the opposite polarity from an external source. Do not set this
option on a GPIO output. Doing so can result in inadvertent toggling of an output with
input inversion selected, as a result of operations on other pins in the same port. For
example, if software reads a GPIO Port register, modifies other bits/outputs in the value,
and writes the result back to the Port register, any output in the port that has input
inversion selected will change state.

8.3.5 Analog/digital mode

In Analog mode, the analog input connection is enabled. In digital mode, the analog input
connection is disabled. This protects the analog input from voltages outside the range of
the analog power supply and reference that may sometimes be present on digital pins,
since they are typically 5V tolerant.
If Analog mode is selected, the MODE field should be Inactive (00); the HYS, INV,
FILTR, SLEW, and OD settings have no effect. For an unconnected pin that has an analog
function, keep the ADMODE bit set to 1 (digital mode), and pull-up or pull-down mode
selected in the MODE field.

8.3.6 Input filter

Type A and W pins include a filter that can be selectively enabled. The filter suppresses
input pulses smaller than about 10 ns.

8.3.7 Output slew rate

The SLEW bits of digital outputs that do not need to switch state very quickly should be
set to standard. This setting allows multiple outputs to switch simultaneously without
noticeably degrading the power/ground distribution of the device, and has only a small
effect on signal transition time. This is particularly important if analog accuracy is
significant to the application. See the relevant specific device data sheet for more details.
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Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

8.3.8 I2C modes

Pins that support I2C with specialized pad electronics (P0[27], P0[28], P5[2], and P5[3])
have additional configuration bits. These are not hardwired so that the pins can be more
easily used for non-I2C functions.
The HS bit applies to standard, Fast-mode, and Fast-mode Plus I2C, and is available for
all the pins noted above.
The HIDRIVE bit applies only to pins P5[2] and P5[3], and is used to select between
Standard mode and Fast-mode I2C or Fast-mode Plus I2C.

For any I2C mode, clear the HS bit so that the input glitch filter is enabled. Clear the
HIDRIVE bit if it exists for that pin to select the correct drive strength for Standard
mode or Fast-mode I2C

For Fast-mode Plus I2C operation, set the HIDRIVE bit to select the correct drive
strength for Fast-mode Plus I2C.

For non-I2C operation, these pins remain open-drain and can only drive low,
regardless of how HS and HIDRIVE are set. They would typically be used with an
external pull-up resistor if they are used as outputs unless they are used only to sink
current. Leave HS = 1 and HIDRIVE = 0 (if applicable) to maximize compatibility with
other GPIO pins.

8.3.9 Open-Drain Mode

When output is selected, either by selecting a special function in the FUNC field, or by
selecting the GPIO function for a pin having a 1 in its FIOnDIR register, a 1 in the OD bit
selects open-drain operation, that is, a 1 disables the high-drive transistor. This option has
no effect on the primary I2C pins. Note that the properties of a pin in this simulated
open-drain mode are somewhat different than those of a true open drain output.

8.3.10 DAC enable

The pin that includes the DAC output as a potential function includes an enable for the
function that must be set if the DAC output is used.

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Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

8.4 Register description

The pin connect block contains an I/O Control register (IOCON) for each pin that has
programmable attributes, and selects peripheral functions associated with that pin. These
registers are shown by GPIO port number in Tables 870 through 875.
Table 70.

I/O Control registers for port 0

Port pin

Register

P0[0]

IOCON_P0_00

R/W

P0[1]

IOCON_P0_01

P0[2]

IOCON_P0_02

P0[3]

Address

IOCON type[2]

Available on packages

0x030

0x4002 C000

D (tables 76, 77)

All

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C004

D (tables 76, 77)

All

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C008

D (tables 76, 77)

All

IOCON_P0_03

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C00C D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[4]

IOCON_P0_04

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C010

D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[5]

IOCON_P0_05

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C014

D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[6]

IOCON_P0_06

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C018

D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[7]

IOCON_P0_07

R/W

0x0A0

0x4002 C01C W (tables 84, 85)

All

P0[8]

IOCON_P0_08

R/W

0x0A0

0x4002 C020 W (tables 84, 85)

All

P0[9]

IOCON_P0_09

R/W

0x0A0

0x4002 C024 W (tables 84, 85)

All

P0[10]

IOCON_P0_10

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C028

D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[11]

IOCON_P0_11

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C02C D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[12]

IOCON_P0_12

R/W

0x1B0

0x4002 C030

P0[13]

IOCON_P0_13

R/W

0x1B0

0x4002 C034

A (tables 78, 79)

144, 180, 208

P0[14]

IOCON_P0_14

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C038

D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P0[15]

IOCON_P0_15

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C03C D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[16]

IOCON_P0_16

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C040

D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[17]

IOCON_P0_17

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C044

D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[18]

IOCON_P0_18

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C048

D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[19]

IOCON_P0_19

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C04C D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[20]

IOCON_P0_20

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C050

D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[21]

IOCON_P0_21

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C054

D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[22]

IOCON_P0_22

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C058

D (tables 76, 77)

All

P0[23]

IOCON_P0_23

R/W

0x1B0

0x4002 C05C

A (tables 78, 79)

All

P0[24]

IOCON_P0_24

R/W

0x1B0

0x4002 C060

A (tables 78, 79)

All

P0[25]

IOCON_P0_25

R/W

0x1B0

0x4002 C064

A (tables 78, 79)

All

P0[26]

IOCON_P0_26

R/W

0x1B0

0x4002 C068

A (tables 78, 79)

All

P0[27]

IOCON_P0_27

R/W

0x4002 C06C

I (tables 82, 83)

All

P0[28]

IOCON_P0_28

R/W

0x4002 C070

I (tables 82, 83)

All

P0[29]

IOCON_P0_29

R/W

0x4002 C074

U (tables 80, 81)

All

P0[30]

IOCON_P0_30

R/W

0x4002 C078

U (tables 80, 81)

P0[31]

IOCON_P0_31

R/W

0x4002 C07C U (tables 80, 81)

UM10470

User manual

Access Reset Value[1]

A (tables 78, 79)

144, 180, 208

All
144, 180, 208

[1]

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

[2]

IOCON types are D (standard digital pin), and other pins with a specialized function: A (analog), U (USB), I
(I2C), and W.

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NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

Table 71.

I/O Control registers for port 1

Port pin

Register

Access Reset Value[1]

Address

IOCON type

Available on packages

P1[0]

IOCON_P1_00

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C080 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[1]

IOCON_P1_01

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C084 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[2]

IOCON_P1_02

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C088 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P1[3]

IOCON_P1_03

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C08C D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P1[4]

IOCON_P1_04

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C090 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[5]

IOCON_P1_05

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C094 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P1[6]

IOCON_P1_06

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C098 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P1[7]

IOCON_P1_07

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C09C D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P1[8]

IOCON_P1_08

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0A0 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[9]

IOCON_P1_09

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0A4 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[10]

IOCON_P1_10

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0A8 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[11]

IOCON_P1_11

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0AC D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P1[12]

IOCON_P1_12

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0B0 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P1[13]

IOCON_P1_13

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0B4 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P1[14]

IOCON_P1_14

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0B8 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[15]

IOCON_P1_15

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0BC D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[16]

IOCON_P1_16

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0C0 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[17]

IOCON_P1_17

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0C4 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[18]

IOCON_P1_18

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0C8 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[19]

IOCON_P1_19

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0CC D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[20]

IOCON_P1_20

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0D0 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[21]

IOCON_P1_21

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0D4 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[22]

IOCON_P1_22

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0D8 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[23]

IOCON_P1_23

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0DC D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[24]

IOCON_P1_24

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0E0 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[25]

IOCON_P1_25

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0E4 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[26]

IOCON_P1_26

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0E8 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[27]

IOCON_P1_27

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0EC D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[28]

IOCON_P1_28

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0F0 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[29]

IOCON_P1_29

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C0F4 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P1[30]

IOCON_P1_30

R/W

0x1B0

0x4002 C0F8 A (tables 78, 79)

All

P1[31]

IOCON_P1_31

R/W

0x1B0

0x4002 C0FC A (tables 78, 79)

All

[1]

UM10470

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Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

Table 72.

I/O Control registers for port 2

Port pin

Register

Access Reset Value[1]

Address

IOCON type

Available on packages

P2[0]

IOCON_P2_00

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C100 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[1]

IOCON_P2_01

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C104 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[2]

IOCON_P2_02

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C108 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[3]

IOCON_P2_03

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C10C D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[4]

IOCON_P2_04

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C110 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[5]

IOCON_P2_05

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C114 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[6]

IOCON_P2_06

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C118 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[7]

IOCON_P2_07

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C11C D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[8]

IOCON_P2_08

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C120 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[9]

IOCON_P2_09

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C124 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[10]

IOCON_P2_10

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C128 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[11]

IOCON_P2_11

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C12C D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[12]

IOCON_P2_12

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C130 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[13]

IOCON_P2_13

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C134 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P2[14]

IOCON_P2_14

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C138 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P2[15]

IOCON_P2_15

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C13C D (tables 76, 77)

208

P2[16]

IOCON_P2_16

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C140 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P2[17]

IOCON_P2_17

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C144 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P2[18]

IOCON_P2_18

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C148 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P2[19]

IOCON_P2_19

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C14C D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P2[20]

IOCON_P2_20

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C150 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P2[21]

IOCON_P2_21

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C154 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P2[22]

IOCON_P2_22

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C158 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P2[23]

IOCON_P2_23

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C15C D (tables 76, 77)

208

P2[24]

IOCON_P2_24

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C160 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P2[25]

IOCON_P2_25

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C164 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P2[26]

IOCON_P2_26

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C168 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P2[27]

IOCON_P2_27

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C16C D (tables 76, 77)

208

P2[28]

IOCON_P2_28

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C170 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P2[29]

IOCON_P2_29

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C174 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P2[30]

IOCON_P2_30

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C178 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P2[31]

IOCON_P2_31

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C17C D (tables 76, 77)

208

[1]

UM10470

User manual

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

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Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

Table 73.

I/O Control registers for port 3

Port pin

Register

P3[0]

IOCON_P3_00

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C180 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P3[1]

IOCON_P3_01

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C184 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P3[2]

IOCON_P3_02

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C188 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P3[3]

IOCON_P3_03

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C18C D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P3[4]

IOCON_P3_04

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C190 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P3[5]

IOCON_P3_05

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C194 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P3[6]

IOCON_P3_06

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C198 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P3[7]

IOCON_P3_07

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C19C D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P3[8]

IOCON_P3_08

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1A0 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P3[9]

IOCON_P3_09

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1A4 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P3[10]

IOCON_P3_10

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1A8 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P3[11]

IOCON_P3_11

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1AC D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P3[12]

IOCON_P3_12

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1B0 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P3[13]

IOCON_P3_13

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1B4 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P3[14]

IOCON_P3_14

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1B8 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P3[15]

IOCON_P3_15

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1BC D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

Access Reset Value[1]

Address

IOCON type

Available on packages

P3[16]

IOCON_P3_16

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1C0 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P3[17]

IOCON_P3_17

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1C4 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P3[18]

IOCON_P3_18

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1C8 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P3[19]

IOCON_P3_19

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1CC D (tables 76, 77)

208

P3[20]

IOCON_P3_20

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1D0 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P3[21]

IOCON_P3_21

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1D4 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P3[22]

IOCON_P3_22

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1D8 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P3[23]

IOCON_P3_23

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1DC D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P3[24]

IOCON_P3_24

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1E0 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P3[25]

IOCON_P3_25

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1E4 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P3[26]

IOCON_P3_26

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1E8 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P3[27]

IOCON_P3_27

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1EC D (tables 76, 77)

208

P3[28]

IOCON_P3_28

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1F0 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P3[29]

IOCON_P3_29

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1F4 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P3[30]

IOCON_P3_30

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1F8 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P3[31]

IOCON_P3_31

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C1FC D (tables 76, 77)

208

[1]

UM10470

User manual

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

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Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

Table 74.

I/O Control registers for port 4

Port pin

Register

P4[0]

IOCON_P4_00

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C200 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[1]

IOCON_P4_01

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C204 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[2]

IOCON_P4_02

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C208 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[3]

IOCON_P4_03

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C20C D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[4]

IOCON_P4_04

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C210 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[5]

IOCON_P4_05

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C214 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[6]

IOCON_P4_06

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C218 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[7]

IOCON_P4_07

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C21C D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[8]

IOCON_P4_08

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C220 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[9]

IOCON_P4_09

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C224 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[10]

IOCON_P4_10

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C228 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[11]

IOCON_P4_11

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C22C D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[12]

IOCON_P4_12

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C230 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[13]

IOCON_P4_13

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C234 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[14]

IOCON_P4_14

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C238 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[15]

IOCON_P4_15

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C23C D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[16]

IOCON_P4_16

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C240 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P4[17]

IOCON_P4_17

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C244 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P4[18]

IOCON_P4_18

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C248 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P4[19]

IOCON_P4_19

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C24C D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

Access Reset Value[1]

Address

IOCON type

Available on packages

P4[20]

IOCON_P4_20

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C250 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P4[21]

IOCON_P4_21

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C254 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P4[22]

IOCON_P4_22

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C258 D (tables 76, 77)

208

P4[23]

IOCON_P4_23

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C25C D (tables 76, 77)

208

P4[24]

IOCON_P4_24

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C260 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[25]

IOCON_P4_25

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C264 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[26]

IOCON_P4_26

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C268 D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P4[27]

IOCON_P4_27

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C26C D (tables 76, 77)

180, 208

P4[28]

IOCON_P4_28

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C270 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P4[29]

IOCON_P4_29

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C274 D (tables 76, 77)

All

P4[30]

IOCON_P4_30

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C278 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P4[31]

IOCON_P4_31

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C27C D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

[1]

UM10470

User manual

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

117 of 1035

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Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

Table 75.

I/O Control registers for port 5

Port pin

Register

P5[0]

IOCON_P5_00

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C280 D (tables 76, 77)

All except TFBGA100

P5[1]

IOCON_P5_01

R/W

0x030

0x4002 C284 D (tables 76, 77)

144, 180, 208

P5[2]

IOCON_P5_02

R/W

0x4002 C288

I (tables 82, 83)

144, 180, 208

P5[3]

IOCON_P5_03

R/W

0x4002 C28C

I (tables 82, 83)

144, 180, 208

P5[4]

IOCON_P5_04

R/W

0x030

Access Reset Value[1]

[1]

UM10470

User manual

Address

IOCON type

0x4002 C290 D (tables 76, 77)

Available on packages

All

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

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118 of 1035

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Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

8.4.1 I/O configuration register contents (IOCON)

The functions of bits in the IOCON register for each GPIO port pin is described in the
following sections. There are some differences in IOCON for special port pins compared
to most other port pins. These include pins that support analog functions (such as ADC
inputs and the DAC output), the USB D+/D- pins, and specialized I2C pins:

UM10470

User manual

Type D IOCON registers (applies to most GPIO port pins)

Type A IOCON registers (applies to pins that include an analog function)
Type U IOCON registers (applies to pins that include a USB D+ or D- function)
Type I IOCON registers (applies to pins that include a specialized I2C function)
Type W IOCON registers (these pins are otherwise the same as Type D, but include
a selectable input glitch filter, and default to pull-down/pull-up disabled).

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Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

8.4.1.1 Type D IOCON registers (applies to most GPIO port pins)

This IOCON table applies to all port pins except P0[7 to 9], P0[12 to 13], P0[23 to 31],
P1[30 to 31], and P5[2 to 3]. Those pins include DAC, ADC, USB, I2C, or input glitch filter
functions that alter the contents of the related IOCON registers.
Table 76.

Type D IOCON registers bit description

Bit

Symbol

2:0

FUNC

Selects pin function. See Table 77 for specific values.

000

4:3

MODE

Selects function mode (on-chip pull-up/pull-down resistor control). See Section 8.3.2
Pin mode.

10

Inactive (no pull-down/pull-up resistor enabled).

01

Pull-down resistor enabled.

10

Pull-up resistor enabled.

11

Repeater mode.
Hysteresis. See Section 8.3.3 Hysteresis.

Disable.

Enable.

Input is not inverted (a HIGH on the pin reads as 1)

Input is inverted (a HIGH on the pin reads as 0)

INV

SLEW

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Driver slew rate. See Section 8.3.7 Output slew rate.

Standard mode, output slew rate control is enabled. More outputs can be switched
simultaneously.

Fast mode, slew rate control is disabled. Refer to the appropriate specific device data
sheet for details.
Controls open-drain mode. See Section 8.3.9 Open-Drain Mode.

User manual

UM10470

Input polarity. See Section 8.3.4 Input Inversion.

OD

31:11 -

Reset
value

00

HYS

8:7

10

Value Description

Normal push-pull output

Simulated open-drain output (high drive disabled)
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NA

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

120 of 1035

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NXP Semiconductors

UM10470

User manual

Table 77.

Type D I/O Control registers: FUNC values and pin functions

Value of FUNC field in IOCON register

Register

000

001

010

011

100

IOCON_P0_0

P0[0]

CAN_RD1

U3_TXD

I2C1_SDA

U0_TXD

IOCON_P0_1

P0[1]

CAN_TD1

U3_RXD

I2C1_SCL

U0_RXD

IOCON_P0_2

P0[2]

U0_TXD

U3_TXD

IOCON_P0_3

P0[3]

U0_RXD

U3_RXD

101

110

111

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

P0[4]

I2S_RX_SCK

CAN_RD2

T2_CAP0

LCD_VD[0]

P0[5]

I2S_RX_WS

CAN_TD2

T2_CAP1

LCD_VD[1]

IOCON_P0_6

P0[6]

I2S_RX_SDA

SSP1_SSEL

T2_MAT0

IOCON_P0_10 P0[10] U2_TXD

I2C2_SDA

T3_MAT0

IOCON_P0_11 P0[11] U2_RXD

I2C2_SCL

T3_MAT1

IOCON_P0_14 P0[14] USB_HSTEN2

SSP1_SSEL

USB_CONNECT2

IOCON_P0_15 P0[15] U1_TXD

SSP0_SCK

IOCON_P0_16 P0[16] U1_RXD

SSP0_SSEL

U1_RTS

IOCON_P0_17 P0[17] U1_CTS

SSP0_MISO

IOCON_P0_18 P0[18] U1_DCD

SSP0_MOSI

IOCON_P0_19 P0[19] U1_DSR

SD_CLK

I2C1_SDA

IOCON_P0_20 P0[20] U1_DTR

SD_CMD

I2C1_SCL

IOCON_P0_21 P0[21] U1_RI

SD_PWR

U4_OE

CAN_RD1

IOCON_P0_22 P0[22] U1_RTS

SD_DAT[0]

U4_TXD

CAN_TD1

IOCON_P1_0

P1[0]

ENET_TXD0

T3_CAP1

SSP2_SCK

IOCON_P1_1

P1[1]

ENET_TXD1

T3_MAT3

SSP2_MOSI

IOCON_P1_2

P1[2]

ENET_TXD2

SD_CLK

PWM0[1]

IOCON_P1_3

P1[3]

ENET_TXD3

SD_CMD

PWM0[2]

IOCON_P1_4

P1[4]

ENET_TX_EN

IOCON_P1_5

P1[5]

ENET_TX_ER

T3_MAT2
SD_PWR

SSP2_MISO

PWM0[3]

P1[6]

ENET_TX_CLK

SD_DAT[0]

PWM0[4]

IOCON_P1_7

P1[7]

ENET_COL

SD_DAT[1]

PWM0[5]

IOCON_P1_8

P1[8]

ENET_CRS

T3_MAT1

IOCON_P1_9

P1[9]

ENET_RXD0

T3_MAT0

IOCON_P1_10 P1[10] ENET_RXD1

T3_CAP0

SSP2_SSEL

U4_CLK

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IOCON_P1_6

LCD_VD[8]

Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

IOCON_P0_4
IOCON_P0_5

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Type D I/O Control registers: FUNC values and pin functions

NXP Semiconductors

UM10470

User manual

Table 77.

Value of FUNC field in IOCON register

Register

000

001

010

011

IOCON_P1_11 P1[11] ENET_RXD2

SD_DAT[2]

PWM0[6]

IOCON_P1_12 P1[12] ENET_RXD3

SD_DAT[3]

PWM0_CAP0

100

101

110

111

IOCON_P1_13 P1[13] ENET_RX_DV

IOCON_P1_14 P1[14] ENET_RX_ER

T2_CAP0

IOCON_P1_15 P1[15] ENET_RX_CLK

I2C2_SDA

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

I2S_TX_MCLK

IOCON_P1_17 P1[17] ENET_MDIO

I2S_RX_MCLK

IOCON_P1_18 P1[18] USB_UP_LED1

PWM1[1]

T1_CAP0

IOCON_P1_19 P1[19] USB_TX_E1

USB_PPWR1

T1_CAP1

SSP1_MISO
MC_0A

SSP1_SCK

U2_OE

SSP0_SCK

LCD_VD[6]

LCD_VD[10]

LCD_VD[7]

LCD_VD[11]

IOCON_P1_20 P1[20] USB_TX_DP1

PWM1[2]

QEI_PHA

MC_FB0

IOCON_P1_21 P1[21] USB_TX_DM1

PWM1[3]

SSP0_SSEL

MC_ABORT

IOCON_P1_22 P1[22] USB_RCV1

USB_PWRD1

T1_MAT0

MC_0B

SSP1_MOSI

LCD_VD[8]

LCD_VD[12]

IOCON_P1_23 P1[23] USB_RX_DP1

PWM1[4]

QEI_PHB

MC_FB1

SSP0_MISO

LCD_VD[9]

LCD_VD[13]

IOCON_P1_24 P1[24] USB_RX_DM1

PWM1[5]

QEI_IDX

MC_FB2

SSP0_MOSI

LCD_VD[10] LCD_VD[14]

IOCON_P1_25 P1[25] USB_LS1

USB_HSTEN1 T1_MAT1

MC_1A

CLKOUT

LCD_VD[11] LCD_VD[15]

IOCON_P1_26 P1[26] USB_SSPND1

PWM1[6]

MC_1B

SSP1_SSEL

LCD_VD[12] LCD_VD[20]

IOCON_P1_27 P1[27] USB_INT1

USB_OVRCR1 T0_CAP1

T0_CAP0

CLKOUT

LCD_VD[13] LCD_VD[21]

PWM1_CAP0

T0_MAT0

MC_2A

SSP0_SSEL

LCD_VD[14] LCD_VD[22]

PWM1_CAP1

T0_MAT1

MC_2B

U4_TXD

LCD_VD[15] LCD_VD[23]

IOCON_P2_0

P2[0]

PWM1[1]

U1_TXD

LCD_PWR

IOCON_P2_1

P2[1]

PWM1[2]

U1_RXD

LCD_LE

IOCON_P2_2

P2[2]

PWM1[3]

U1_CTS

T2_MAT3

TRACEDATA[3]

LCD_DCLK

IOCON_P2_3

P2[3]

PWM1[4]

U1_DCD

T2_MAT2

TRACEDATA[2]

LCD_FP

IOCON_P2_4

P2[4]

PWM1[5]

U1_DSR

T2_MAT1

TRACEDATA[1]

LCD_ENAB_M

IOCON_P2_5

P2[5]

PWM1[6]

U1_DTR

T2_MAT0

TRACEDATA[0]

LCD_LP

IOCON_P2_6

P2[6]

PWM1_CAP0

U1_RI

T2_CAP0

IOCON_P2_7

P2[7]

CAN_RD2

U1_RTS

IOCON_P2_8

P2[8]

CAN_TD2

U2_TXD

U1_CTS

IOCON_P2_9

P2[9]

USB_CONNECT1 U2_RXD

U4_RXD

IOCON_P2_10 P2[10] EINT0

NMI

U2_OE

TRACECLK

LCD_VD[0]

LCD_VD[4]

LCD_VD[1]

LCD_VD[5]

ENET_MDC

LCD_VD[2]

LCD_VD[6]

ENET_MDIO

LCD_VD[3]

LCD_VD[7]

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IOCON_P1_28 P1[28] USB_SCL1

IOCON_P1_29 P1[29] USB_SDA1

Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

IOCON_P1_16 P1[16] ENET_MDC

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Type D I/O Control registers: FUNC values and pin functions

NXP Semiconductors

UM10470

User manual

Table 77.

Value of FUNC field in IOCON register

Register

000

001

010

011

IOCON_P2_11 P2[11] EINT1

SD_DAT[1]

I2S_TX_SCK

IOCON_P2_12 P2[12] EINT2

SD_DAT[2]

I2S_TX_WS

IOCON_P2_13 P2[13] EINT3

SD_DAT[3]

I2S_TX_SDA

IOCON_P2_14 P2[14] EMC_CS2

I2C1_SDA

T2_CAP0

IOCON_P2_15 P2[15] EMC_CS3

I2C1_SCL

T2_CAP1

IOCON_P2_22 P2[22] EMC_DYCS2

SSP0_SCK

T3_CAP0

IOCON_P2_23 P2[23] EMC_DYCS3

SSP0_SSEL

T3_CAP1

IOCON_P2_26 P2[26] EMC_CKE2

SSP0_MISO

T3_MAT0

IOCON_P2_27 P2[27] EMC_CKE3

SSP0_MOSI

T3_MAT1

IOCON_P2_30 P2[30] EMC_DQM2

I2C2_SDA

T3_MAT2

IOCON_P2_31 P2[31] EMC_DQM3

I2C2_SCL

T3_MAT3

100

101

110

111

LCD_CLKIN
LCD_VD[4]

LCD_VD[3]

LCD_VD[8]

LCD_VD[18]

LCD_VD[5]

LCD_VD[9]

LCD_VD[19]

IOCON_P2_16 P2[16] EMC_CAS

IOCON_P2_17 P2[17] EMC_RAS
IOCON_P2_18 P2[18] EMC_CLK0

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

IOCON_P2_20 P2[20] EMC_DYCS0

IOCON_P2_21 P2[21] EMC_DYCS1

IOCON_P2_24 P2[24] EMC_CKE0

IOCON_P2_25 P2[25] EMC_CKE1

IOCON_P2_28 P2[28] EMC_DQM0

IOCON_P2_29 P2[29] EMC_DQM1

P3[0]

EMC_D[0]

IOCON_P3_1

P3[1]

EMC_D[1]

IOCON_P3_2

P3[2]

EMC_D[2]

IOCON_P3_3

P3[3]

EMC_D[3]

IOCON_P3_4

P3[4]

EMC_D[4]

IOCON_P3_5

P3[5]

EMC_D[5]

IOCON_P3_6

P3[6]

EMC_D[6]

IOCON_P3_7

P3[7]

EMC_D[7]

IOCON_P3_8

P3[8]

EMC_D[8]

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IOCON_P3_0

Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

IOCON_P2_19 P2[19] EMC_CLK1

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Type D I/O Control registers: FUNC values and pin functions

NXP Semiconductors

UM10470

User manual

Table 77.

Value of FUNC field in IOCON register

Register

000

001

010

011

IOCON_P3_9

P3[9]

EMC_D[9]

IOCON_P3_16 P3[16] EMC_D[16]

PWM0[1]

U1_TXD

IOCON_P3_17 P3[17] EMC_D[17]

PWM0[2]

U1_RXD

IOCON_P3_18 P3[18] EMC_D[18]

PWM0[3]

U1_CTS

IOCON_P3_19 P3[19] EMC_D[19]

PWM0[4]

U1_DCD

IOCON_P3_20 P3[20] EMC_D[20]

PWM0[5]

U1_DSR

IOCON_P3_21 P3[21] EMC_D[21]

PWM0[6]

U1_DTR

IOCON_P3_22 P3[22] EMC_D[22]

PWM0_CAP0

U1_RI

IOCON_P3_23 P3[23] EMC_D[23]

PWM1_CAP0

T0_CAP0

IOCON_P3_24 P3[24] EMC_D[24]

PWM1[1]

T0_CAP1

IOCON_P3_25 P3[25] EMC_D[25]

PWM1[2]

T0_MAT0

100

101

110

111

IOCON_P3_10 P3[10] EMC_D[10]

IOCON_P3_11 P3[11] EMC_D[11]
IOCON_P3_12 P3[12] EMC_D[12]
IOCON_P3_13 P3[13] EMC_D[13]
IOCON_P3_14 P3[14] EMC_D[14]
IOCON_P3_15 P3[15] EMC_D[15]

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

PWM1[3]

T0_MAT1

IOCON_P3_27 P3[27] EMC_D[27]

PWM1[4]

T1_CAP0

IOCON_P3_28 P3[28] EMC_D[28]

PWM1[5]

T1_CAP1

IOCON_P3_29 P3[29] EMC_D[29]

PWM1[6]

T1_MAT0

IOCON_P3_30 P3[30] EMC_D[30]

U1_RTS

T1_MAT1

IOCON_P3_31 P3[31] EMC_D[31]

P4[0]

EMC_A[0]

IOCON_P4_1

P4[1]

EMC_A[1]

IOCON_P4_2

P4[2]

EMC_A[2]

IOCON_P4_3

P4[3]

EMC_A[3]

IOCON_P4_4

P4[4]

EMC_A[4]

IOCON_P4_5

P4[5]

EMC_A[5]

IOCON_P4_6

P4[6]

EMC_A[6]

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T1_MAT2

STCLK

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IOCON_P3_26 P3[26] EMC_D[26]

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Type D I/O Control registers: FUNC values and pin functions

NXP Semiconductors

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Table 77.

Value of FUNC field in IOCON register

Register

000

001

IOCON_P4_7

P4[7]

EMC_A[7]

IOCON_P4_8

P4[8]

EMC_A[8]

IOCON_P4_9

P4[9]

EMC_A[9]

010

011

100

101

110

111

LCD_VD[6]

LCD_VD[10] LCD_VD[2]

I2C2_SCL

LCD_VD[7]

LCD_VD[11] LCD_VD[3]

IOCON_P4_10 P4[10] EMC_A[10]

IOCON_P4_11 P4[11] EMC_A[11]
IOCON_P4_12 P4[12] EMC_A[12]
IOCON_P4_13 P4[13] EMC_A[13]
IOCON_P4_14 P4[14] EMC_A[14]

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

IOCON_P4_16 P4[16] EMC_A[16]

IOCON_P4_17 P4[17] EMC_A[17]
IOCON_P4_18 P4[18] EMC_A[18]
IOCON_P4_19 P4[19] EMC_A[19]
IOCON_P4_20 P4[20] EMC_A[20]

I2C2_SDA

SSP1_SCK

IOCON_P4_21 P4[21] EMC_A[21]

I2C2_SCL

SSP1_SSEL

IOCON_P4_22 P4[22] EMC_A[22]

U2_TXD

SSP1_MISO

IOCON_P4_23 P4[23] EMC_A[23]

U2_RXD

SSP1_MOSI

IOCON_P4_24 P4[24] EMC_OE

IOCON_P4_25 P4[25] EMC_WE
IOCON_P4_26 P4[26] EMC_BLS0
IOCON_P4_27 P4[27] EMC_BLS1
IOCON_P4_28 P4[28] EMC_BLS2

U3_TXD

T2_MAT0

IOCON_P4_29 P4[29] EMC_BLS3

U3_RXD

T2_MAT1

IOCON_P4_30 P4[30] EMC_CS0

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IOCON_P5_0

P5[0]

EMC_A[24]

T2_MAT2

IOCON_P5_1

P5[1]

EMC_A[25]

T2_MAT3

IOCON_P5_4

P5[4]

U0_OE

T3_MAT3

U4_TXD

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8.4.1.2 Type A IOCON registers (applies to pins that include an analog function)
This IOCON table applies to pins P0[12 to 13], P0[23 to 26], and P1[30 to 31]. The
presence of the DAC output on P0[26] makes that pin slightly different, see the description
of bit 16 below.
Table 78.
Bit

Type A IOCON registers bit description

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
value[1]

2:0

FUNC

Selects pin function. See Table 79 for specific values.

4:3

MODE

Selects function mode (on-chip pull-up/pull-down resistor control). See Section 8.3.2
Pin mode.

10

00

Inactive (no pull-down/pull-up resistor enabled).

01

Pull-down resistor enabled.

10

Pull-up resistor enabled.

11

Repeater mode.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

INVERT

Input polarity. See Section 8.3.4 Input Inversion.

Input is not inverted (a HIGH on the pin reads as 1)

Input is inverted (a HIGH on the pin reads as 0)

ADMODE

Select Analog/Digital mode. See Section 8.3.5 Analog/digital mode.

0

Analog mode.

Digital mode.

FILTER

Controls glitch filter. See Section 8.3.6 Input filter.

0

Noise pulses below approximately 10 ns are filtered out

No input filtering is done

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10

OD

Controls open-drain mode. See Section 8.3.9 Open-Drain Mode.

Normal push-pull output

Simulated open-drain output (high drive disabled)

14:11 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

16

DAC enable control. This bit applies only to P0[26], which includes the DAC output
function DAC_OUT. See Section 8.3.10 DAC enable.

DACEN
0

DAC is disabled

DAC is enabled

31:17 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

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NA

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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Table 79.

Type A I/O Control registers: FUNC values and pin functions

Value of FUNC field in IOCON register

Register

000

001

010

011

SSP1_MISO

ADC0[6]

IOCON_P0_13 P0[13] USB_UP_LED2 SSP1_MOSI

ADC0[7]

IOCON_P0_12 P0[12] USB_PPWR2

IOCON_P0_23 P0[23] ADC0[0]

I2S_RX_SCK T3_CAP0

IOCON_P0_24 P0[24] ADC0[1]

I2S_RX_WS

IOCON_P0_25 P0[25] ADC0[2]

I2S_RX_SDA U3_TXD

100

101

DAC_OUT

U3_RXD

IOCON_P1_30 P1[30] USB_PWRD2

USB_VBUS

ADC[4]

I2C0_SDA U3_OE

IOCON_P1_31 P1[31] USB_OVRCR2

SSP1_SCK

ADC[5]

I2C0_SCL

User manual

111

T3_CAP1

IOCON_P0_26 P0[26] ADC0[3]

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8.4.1.3 Type U IOCON registers (applies to pins that include a USB D+ or Dfunction)
This IOCON table applies to pins P0[29], P0[30], and P0[31]. These special function pins
do not include the selectable modes and options of other pins.
Table 80.

Type U IOCON registers bit description

Bit

Symbol

2:0

FUNC

Selects pin function. See Table 81 for specific values.

000

31:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Table 81.

Value Description

Reset
value

Type U I/O Control registers: FUNC values and pin functions

Value of FUNC field in IOCON register

Register

000

001

010

IOCON_P0_29 P0[29] USB_D+1

EINT0

IOCON_P0_30 P0[30] USB_D-1

EINT1

011

100

101

110

111

IOCON_P0_31 P0[31] USB_D+2

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8.4.1.4 Type I IOCON registers (applies to pins that include a specialized I2C
function)
This IOCON table applies to pins P0[27 to 28] and P5[2 to 3].
Table 82.

Type I IOCON registers bit description

Bit

Symbol

2:0

FUNC

Value Description

Reset
value

Selects pin function. See Table 83 for specific values.

5:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

INVERT

Input polarity. See Section 8.3.4 Input Inversion.

Input is not inverted (a HIGH on the pin reads as 1)

Input is inverted (a HIGH on the pin reads as 0)

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

HS

Configures I2C features for standard mode, fast mode, and Fast Mode Plus operation. 0
See Section 8.3.8 I2C modes.

I2C 50ns glitch filter and slew rate control enabled.

I2C 50ns glitch filter and slew rate control disabled.

HIDRIVE

Controls sink current capability of the pin, only for P5[2] and P5[3]. See Section 8.3.8
I2C modes.
0

Output drive sink is 4 mA. This is sufficient for standard and fast mode I2C.

Output drive sink is 20 mA. This is needed for Fast Mode Plus I2C. Refer to the
appropriate specific device data sheet for details.

31:10 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

Table 83.

NA

NA

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

Type I I/O Control registers: FUNC values and pin functions

Value of FUNC field in IOCON register

Register

000

001

010

011

IOCON_P0_27 P0[27] I2C0_SDA

USB_SDA1

IOCON_P0_28 P0[28] I2C0_SCL

USB_SCL1

IOCON_P5_2

P5[2]

IOCON_P5_3

P5[3]

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100

T3_MAT2

110

111

I2C0_SDA
U4_RXD

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8.4.1.5 Type W IOCON registers (these pins are otherwise the same as Type D, but
include a selectable input glitch filter, and default to pull-down/pull-up
disabled).
This IOCON table applies to pins P0[7], P0[8], and P0[9].
Table 84.

Type W IOCON registers bit description

Bit

Symbol

2:0

FUNC

Selects pin function. See Table 85 for specific values.

000

4:3

MODE

Selects the output functional mode for the pin (on-chip pull-up/pull-down resistor
control). See Section 8.3.2 Pin mode.

00

Inactive (no pull-down/pull-up resistor enabled).

01

Pull-down resistor enabled.

10

Pull-up resistor enabled.

11

Repeater mode.
Hysteresis. See Section 8.3.3 Hysteresis.
Disable.

Enable.

Input is not inverted (a HIGH on the pin reads as 1)

Input is inverted (a HIGH on the pin reads as 0)

Input polarity. See Section 8.3.4 Input Inversion.

FILTER

Note: this bit must be set to 1 for normal operation.

Controls glitch filter. See Section 8.3.6 Input filter.

Noise pulses below approximately 10 ns are filtered out

No input filtering is done

SLEW

Driver slew rate. See Section 8.3.7 Output slew rate.

Standard mode, output slew rate control is enabled. More outputs can be switched
simultaneously.

Fast mode, slew rate control is disabled. Refer to the appropriate specific device data
sheet for details.

OD

Controls open-drain mode. See Section 8.3.9 Open-Drain Mode.

0

Normal push-pull output

Simulated open-drain output (high drive disabled)

31:11 -

Table 85.

0
INV

10

Reset
value

00

HYS

Value Description

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Type W I/O Control registers: FUNC values and pin functions

Value of FUNC field in IOCON register

Register

000

001

010

011

100

IOCON_P0_7

P0[7]

I2S_TX_SCK

SSP1_SCK

T2_MAT1

RTC_EV0

LCD_VD[9]

IOCON_P0_8

P0[8]

I2S_TX_WS

SSP1_MISO

T2_MAT2

RTC_EV1

LCD_VD[16]

IOCON_P0_9

P0[9]

I2S_TX_SDA

SSP1_MOSI

T2_MAT3

RTC_EV2

LCD_VD[17]

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110

111

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9.1 Basic configuration

GPIOs are configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCGPIO. This enables the GPIOs
themselves, GPIO interrupts, and the IOCON block.
2. Pins: See Section 8.4.1 for GPIO pins and their modes.
3. Wake-up: GPIO ports 0 and 2 can be used for wake-up if needed, see (Section 4.7.9).
4. Interrupts: Enable GPIO interrupts in IO0/2IntEnR (Table 100) or IO0/2IntEnF
(Table 102). Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set
Enable register.

9.2 Features
9.2.1 Digital I/O ports
Accelerated GPIO functions:
GPIO registers are located on a peripheral AHB bus for fast I/O timing.
Mask registers allow treating sets of port bits as a group, leaving other bits
unchanged.
All GPIO registers are byte, half-word, and word addressable.
Entire port value can be written in one instruction.
GPIO registers are accessible by the GPDMA.

Bit-level set and clear registers allow a single instruction set or clear of any number of
bits in one port.

All GPIO registers support Cortex-M3 bit-banding.

GPIO registers are accessible by the GPDMA controller to allow DMA of data to or
from GPIOs, synchronized to any DMA request.

Direction control of individual port bits.

All I/Os default to input with pull-up after reset.
9.2.2 Interrupt generating digital ports
Port 0 and Port 2 can provide a single interrupt for any combination of port pins.
Each port pin can be programmed to generate an interrupt on a rising edge, a falling
edge, or both.

Edge detection is asynchronous, so it may operate when clocks are not present, such
as during Power-down mode. With this feature, level triggered interrupts are not
needed.

Each enabled interrupt contributes to a wake-up signal that can be used to bring the
part out of Power-down mode.
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Registers provide a software view of pending rising edge interrupts, pending falling
edge interrupts, and overall pending GPIO interrupts.

The GPIO interrupt function does not require that the pin be configured for GPIO. This
allows interrupting on a change to a pin that is part of an operating peripheral
interface.

9.3 Applications

General purpose I/O

Driving LEDs or other indicators
Controlling off-chip devices
Sensing digital inputs, detecting edges
Bringing the part out of Power-down mode

9.4 Pin description

Table 86.

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GPIO pin description

Pin Name

Type

Description

P0[31:0];
P1[31:0];
P2[31:0];
P3[31:0];
P4[31:0];
P5[4:0]

Input/
Output

General purpose input/output. These are typically shared with other

peripherals functions and will therefore not all be available in an
application. Packaging options may affect the number of GPIOs available
in a particular device.
Some pins may be limited by requirements of the alternate functions of
the pin. For example, some pins that can be used for I2C are special pins,
and some of that behavior is inherited by any other function selected on
that pin. Details may be found in Section 7.1.

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9.5 Register description

The registers in Table 87 represent the enhanced GPIO features available on all of the
GPIO ports. These registers are located on an AHB bus for fast read and write timing.
They can all be accessed in byte, half-word, and word sizes. A mask register allows
access to a group of bits in a single GPIO port independently from other bits in the same
port.
Table 87.

GPIO register map (local bus accessible registers - enhanced GPIO features)

Generic
Name

Description

FIODIR

Access

Reset
value[1]

PORTn Register
Name & Address

Table

Fast GPIO Port Direction control register. This register

individually controls the direction of each port pin.

R/W

FIO0DIR - 0x2009 8000

FIO1DIR - 0x2009 8020
FIO2DIR - 0x2009 8040
FIO3DIR - 0x2009 8060
FIO4DIR - 0x2009 8080
FIO5DIR - 0x2009 80A0

89

FIOMASK Fast Mask register for port. Writes, sets, clears, and
reads to port (done via writes to FIOPIN, FIOSET, and
FIOCLR, and reads of FIOPIN) alter or return only the
bits enabled by zeros in this register.

R/W

FIO0MASK - 0x2009 8010

FIO1MASK - 0x2009 8030
FIO2MASK - 0x2009 8050
FIO3MASK - 0x2009 8070
FIO4MASK - 0x2009 8090
FIO5MASK - 0x2009 80B0

97

FIOPIN

R/W

FIO0PIN - 0x2009 8014

FIO1PIN - 0x2009 8034
FIO2PIN - 0x2009 8054
FIO3PIN - 0x2009 8074
FIO4PIN - 0x2009 8094
FIO5PIN - 0x2009 80B4

95

Fast Port Pin value register using FIOMASK. The

current state of digital port pins can be read from this
register, regardless of pin direction or alternate function
selection (as long as pins are not configured as an input
to ADC). The value read is masked by ANDing with
inverted FIOMASK. Writing to this register places
corresponding values in all bits enabled by zeros in
FIOMASK.
Important: if an FIOPIN register is read, its bit(s)
masked with 1 in the FIOMASK register will be read as 0
regardless of the physical pin state.

FIOSET

Fast Port Output Set register using FIOMASK. This

register controls the state of output pins. Writing 1s
produces highs at the corresponding port pins. Writing
0s has no effect. Reading this register returns the
current contents of the port output register. Only bits
enabled by 0 in FIOMASK can be altered.

R/W

FIO0SET - 0x2009 8018

FIO1SET - 0x2009 8038
FIO2SET - 0x2009 8058
FIO3SET - 0x2009 8078
FIO4SET - 0x2009 8098
FIO5SET - 0x2009 80B8

91

FIOCLR

Fast Port Output Clear register using FIOMASK. This

register controls the state of output pins. Writing 1s
produces lows at the corresponding port pins. Writing 0s
has no effect. Only bits enabled by 0 in FIOMASK can
be altered.

WO

FIO0CLR - 0x2009 801C

FIO1CLR - 0x2009 803C
FIO2CLR - 0x2009 805C
FIO3CLR - 0x2009 807C
FIO4CLR - 0x2009 809C
FIO5CLR - 0x2009 80BC

93

[1]

Reset value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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Table 88.

GPIO interrupt register map

Generic
Name

Description

IntEnR

GPIO Interrupt Enable for Rising edge.

IntEnF
IntStatR

GPIO Interrupt Enable for Falling edge.

Access

Reset
value[1]

PORTn Register
Name & Address

Table

R/W

IO0IntEnR - 0x4002 8090

100

IO2IntEnR - 0x4002 80B0

101

R/W

GPIO Interrupt Status for Rising edge.

RO

0
0

IntStatF

GPIO Interrupt Status for Falling edge.

RO

IntClr

GPIO Interrupt Clear.

WO

IntStatus
[1]

GPIO overall Interrupt Status.

RO

IO0IntEnR - 0x4002 8094

102

IO2IntEnR - 0x4002 80B4

103

IO0IntStatR - 0x4002 8084

104

IO2IntStatR - 0x4002 80A4

105

IO0IntStatF - 0x4002 8088

106

IO2IntStatF - 0x4002 80A8

107

IO0IntClr - 0x4002 808C

108

IO2IntClr - 0x4002 80AC

109

IOIntStatus - 0x4002 8080

99

Reset value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

9.5.1 GPIO port Direction register FIOxDIR (FIO0DIR to FIO5DIR0x2009 8000 to 0x2009 80A0)
This word accessible register is used to control the direction of the pins when they are
configured as GPIO port pins. Direction bit for any pin must be set according to the pin
functionality.
Note that GPIO pins P0[29] and P0[30] are shared with the USB_D+ and USB_D- pins
and must have the same direction. If either FIO0DIR bit 29 or 30 are configured as zero,
both P0[29] and P0[30] will be inputs. If both FIO0DIR bits 29 and 30 are ones, both
P0[29] and P0[30] will be outputs.
Table 89.

Fast GPIO port Direction register FIO0DIR to FIO5DIR - addresses 0x2009 8000 to
0x2009 80A0) bit description

Bit

Symbol

31:0

FIO0DIR
FIO1DIR
FIO2DIR
FIO3DIR
FIO4DIR
FIO5DIR

Value Description

Reset
value

Fast GPIO Direction PORTx control bits. Bit 0 in FIOxDIR

controls pin Px[0], bit 31 in FIOxDIR controls pin Px[31].
0

Controlled pin is input.

Controlled pin is output.

0x0

Aside from the 32-bit long and word only accessible FIODIR register, every fast GPIO port
can also be controlled via several byte and half-word accessible registers listed in
Table 90, too. Next to providing the same functions as the FIODIR register, these
additional registers allow easier and faster access to the physical port pins.

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Table 90.

Fast GPIO port Direction control byte and half-word accessible register description

Generic
name

Description

FIOxDIR0

Register length
(bits) & access

Reset
value

PORTn Register
Address & Name

Fast GPIO Port x Direction control register 0. Bit 0 in 8 (byte)

FIOxDIR0 register corresponds to pin Px[0] bit 7 R/W
to pin Px[7].

0x00

FIO0DIR0 - 0x2009 8000

FIO1DIR0 - 0x2009 8020
FIO2DIR0 - 0x2009 8040
FIO3DIR0 - 0x2009 8060
FIO4DIR0 - 0x2009 8080
FIO5DIR0 - 0x2009 80A0

FIOxDIR1

Fast GPIO Port x Direction control register 1. Bit 0 in 8 (byte)

FIOxDIR1 register corresponds to pin Px[8] bit 7 R/W
to pin Px[15].

0x00

FIO0DIR1 - 0x2009 8001

FIO1DIR1 - 0x2009 8021
FIO2DIR1 - 0x2009 8041
FIO3DIR1 - 0x2009 8061
FIO4DIR1 - 0x2009 8081
FIO5DIR1 - 0x2009 80A1

FIOxDIR2

Fast GPIO Port x Direction control register 2. Bit 0 in 8 (byte)

FIOxDIR2 register corresponds to pin Px[16] bit 7 R/W
to pin Px[23].

0x00

FIO0DIR2 - 0x2009 8002

FIO1DIR2 - 0x2009 8022
FIO2DIR2 - 0x2009 8042
FIO3DIR2 - 0x2009 8062
FIO4DIR2 - 0x2009 8082
FIO5DIR2 - 0x2009 80A2

FIOxDIR3

Fast GPIO Port x Direction control register 3. Bit 0 in 8 (byte)

FIOxDIR3 register corresponds to pin Px[24] bit 7 R/W
to pin Px[31].

0x00

FIO0DIR3 - 0x2009 8003

FIO1DIR3 - 0x2009 8023
FIO2DIR3 - 0x2009 8043
FIO3DIR3 - 0x2009 8063
FIO4DIR3 - 0x2009 8083
FIO5DIR3 - 0x2009 80A3

FIOxDIRL

Fast GPIO Port x Direction control Lower half-word

register. Bit 0 in FIOxDIRL register corresponds to
pin Px[0] bit 15 to pin Px[15].

16 (half-word)
R/W

0x0000 FIO0DIRL - 0x2009 8000

FIO1DIRL - 0x2009 8020
FIO2DIRL - 0x2009 8040
FIO3DIRL - 0x2009 8060
FIO4DIRL - 0x2009 8080
FIO5DIRL - 0x2009 80A0

FIOxDIRU

Fast GPIO Port x Direction control Upper half-word

register. Bit 0 in FIOxDIRU register corresponds to
Px[16] bit 15 to Px[31].

16 (half-word)
R/W

0x0000 FIO0DIRU - 0x2009 8002

FIO1DIRU - 0x2009 8022
FIO2DIRU - 0x2009 8042
FIO3DIRU - 0x2009 8062
FIO4DIRU - 0x2009 8082
FIO5DIRU - 0x2009 80A2

9.5.2 GPIO port output Set register FIOxSET (FIO0SET to FIO5SET 0x2009 8018 to 0x2009 80B8)
This register is used to produce a HIGH level output at the port pins configured as GPIO in
an OUTPUT mode. Writing 1 produces a HIGH level at the corresponding port pins.
Writing 0 has no effect. If any pin is configured as an input or a secondary function, writing
1 to the corresponding bit in the FIOxSET has no effect.
Reading the FIOxSET register returns the value of this register, as determined by
previous writes to FIOxSET and FIOxCLR (or FIOxPIN as noted above). This value does
not reflect the effect of any outside world influence on the I/O pins.

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Access to a port pin via the FIOxSET register is conditioned by the corresponding bit of
the FIOxMASK register (see Section 9.5.5).
Table 91.

Fast GPIO port output Set register (FIO0SET to FIO4SET - addresses 0x2009 8018
to 0x2009 8098) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Value Description

31:0

FIO0SET
FIO1SET
FIO2SET 0
FIO3SET
FIO4SET 1
FIO5SET

Reset
value

Fast GPIO output value Set bits. Bit 0 in FIOxSET controls pin
Px[0], bit 31 in FIOxSET controls pin Px[31].

0x0

Controlled pin output is unchanged.

Controlled pin output is set to HIGH.

Aside from the 32-bit long and word only accessible FIOxSET register, every fast GPIO
port can also be controlled via several byte and half-word accessible registers listed in
Table 92, too. Next to providing the same functions as the FIOxSET register, these
additional registers allow easier and faster access to the physical port pins.
Table 92.
Generic
name

Fast GPIO port output Set byte and half-word accessible register description
Reset
value

PORTn Register
Address & Name

FIOxSET0 Fast GPIO Port x output Set register 0. Bit 0 in

8 (byte)
FIOxSET0 register corresponds to pin Px[0] bit 7 R/W
to pin Px[7].

0x00

FIO0SET0 - 0x2009 8018

FIO1SET0 - 0x2009 8038
FIO2SET0 - 0x2009 8058
FIO3SET0 - 0x2009 8078
FIO4SET0 - 0x2009 8098
FIO5SET0 - 0x2009 80B8

FIOxSET1 Fast GPIO Port x output Set register 1. Bit 0 in

8 (byte)
FIOxSET1 register corresponds to pin Px[8] bit 7 R/W
to pin Px[15].

0x00

FIO0SET1 - 0x2009 8019

FIO1SET1 - 0x2009 8039
FIO2SET1 - 0x2009 8059
FIO3SET1 - 0x2009 8079
FIO4SET1 - 0x2009 8099
FIO5SET1 - 0x2009 80B9

FIOxSET2 Fast GPIO Port x output Set register 2. Bit 0 in

FIOxSET2 register corresponds to pin Px[16] bit
7 to pin Px[23].

0x00

FIO0SET2 - 0x2009 801A

FIO1SET2 - 0x2009 803A
FIO2SET2 - 0x2009 805A
FIO3SET2 - 0x2009 807A
FIO4SET2 - 0x2009 809A
FIO5SET2 - 0x2009 80BA

UM10470

User manual

Description

Register length
(bits) & access

8 (byte)
R/W

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Table 92.
Generic
name

Fast GPIO port output Set byte and half-word accessible register description
Description

Register length
(bits) & access

Reset
value

PORTn Register
Address & Name

FIOxSET3 Fast GPIO Port x output Set register 3. Bit 0 in

FIOxSET3 register corresponds to pin Px[24] bit
7 to pin Px[31].

8 (byte)
R/W

0x00

FIO0SET3 - 0x2009 801B

FIO1SET3 - 0x2009 803B
FIO2SET3 - 0x2009 805B
FIO3SET3 - 0x2009 807B
FIO4SET3 - 0x2009 809B
FIO5SET3 - 0x2009 80BB

FIOxSETL Fast GPIO Port x output Set Lower half-word

register. Bit 0 in FIOxSETL register corresponds to
pin Px[0] bit 15 to pin Px[15].

16 (half-word)
R/W

0x0000 FIO0SETL - 0x2009 8018

FIO1SETL - 0x2009 8038
FIO2SETL - 0x2009 8058
FIO3SETL - 0x2009 8078
FIO4SETL - 0x2009 8098
FIO5SETL - 0x2009 80B8

FIOxSETU Fast GPIO Port x output Set Upper half-word

register. Bit 0 in FIOxSETU register corresponds to
Px[16] bit 15 to Px[31].

16 (half-word)
R/W

0x0000 FIO0SETU - 0x2009 801A

FIO1SETU - 0x2009 803A
FIO2SETU - 0x2009 805A
FIO3SETU - 0x2009 807A
FIO4SETU - 0x2009 809A
FIO5SETU - 0x2009 80BA

9.5.3 GPIO port output Clear register FIOxCLR (FIO0CLR to FIO5CLR0x2009 801C to 0x2009 80BC)
This register is used to produce a LOW level output at port pins configured as GPIO in an
OUTPUT mode. Writing 1 produces a LOW level at the corresponding port pin and clears
the corresponding bit in the FIOxSET register. Writing 0 has no effect. If any pin is
configured as an input or a secondary function, writing to FIOxCLR has no effect.
Access to a port pin via the FIOxCLR register is conditioned by the corresponding bit of
the FIOxMASK register (see Section 9.5.5).
Table 93.

UM10470

User manual

Fast GPIO port output Clear register (FIO0CLR to FIO4CLR- addresses

0x2009 801C to 0x2009 809C) bit description

Bit

Symbol

Value Description

31:0

FIO0CLR
FIO1CLR
FIO2CLR 0
FIO3CLR
FIO4CLR 1
FIO5CLR

Reset
value

Fast GPIO output value Clear bits. Bit 0 in FIOxCLR controls pin 0x0
Px[0], bit 31 controls pin Px[31].
Controlled pin output is unchanged.
Controlled pin output is set to LOW.

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Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

Aside from the 32-bit long and word only accessible FIOxCLR register, every fast GPIO
port can also be controlled via several byte and half-word accessible registers listed in
Table 94, too. Next to providing the same functions as the FIOxCLR register, these
additional registers allow easier and faster access to the physical port pins.
Table 94.

Fast GPIO port output Clear byte and half-word accessible register description

Generic
name

Description

Register length
(bits) & access

Reset
value

PORTn Register
Address & Name

FIOxCLR0 Fast GPIO Port x output Clear register 0. Bit 0 in

8 (byte)
FIOxCLR0 register corresponds to pin Px[0] bit 7 WO
to pin Px[7].

0x00

FIO0CLR0 - 0x2009 801C

FIO1CLR0 - 0x2009 803C
FIO2CLR0 - 0x2009 805C
FIO3CLR0 - 0x2009 807C
FIO4CLR0 - 0x2009 809C
FIO5CLR0 - 0x2009 80BC

FIOxCLR1 Fast GPIO Port x output Clear register 1. Bit 0 in

8 (byte)
FIOxCLR1 register corresponds to pin Px[8] bit 7 WO
to pin Px[15].

0x00

FIO0CLR1 - 0x2009 801D

FIO1CLR1 - 0x2009 803D
FIO2CLR1 - 0x2009 805D
FIO3CLR1 - 0x2009 807D
FIO4CLR1 - 0x2009 809D
FIO5CLR1 - 0x2009 80BD

FIOxCLR2 Fast GPIO Port x output Clear register 2. Bit 0 in

8 (byte)
FIOxCLR2 register corresponds to pin Px[16] bit WO
7 to pin Px[23].

0x00

FIO0CLR2 - 0x2009 801E

FIO1CLR2 - 0x2009 803E
FIO2CLR2 - 0x2009 805E
FIO3CLR2 - 0x2009 807E
FIO4CLR2 - 0x2009 809E
FIO5CLR2 - 0x2009 80BE

FIOxCLR3 Fast GPIO Port x output Clear register 3. Bit 0 in

8 (byte)
FIOxCLR3 register corresponds to pin Px[24] bit WO
7 to pin Px[31].

0x00

FIO0CLR3 - 0x2009 801F

FIO1CLR3 - 0x2009 803F
FIO2CLR3 - 0x2009 805F
FIO3CLR3 - 0x2009 807F
FIO4CLR3 - 0x2009 809F
FIO5CLR3 - 0x2009 80BF

FIOxCLRL Fast GPIO Port x output Clear Lower half-word

register. Bit 0 in FIOxCLRL register corresponds to
pin Px[0] bit 15 to pin Px[15].

16 (half-word)
WO

0x0000 FIO0CLRL - 0x2009 801C

FIO1CLRL - 0x2009 803C
FIO2CLRL - 0x2009 805C
FIO3CLRL - 0x2009 807C
FIO4CLRL - 0x2009 809C
FIO5CLRL - 0x2009 80BC

FIOxCLRU Fast GPIO Port x output Clear Upper half-word

16 (half-word)
register. Bit 0 in FIOxCLRU register corresponds to WO
pin Px[16] bit 15 to Px[31].

0x0000 FIO0CLRU - 0x2009 801E

FIO1CLRU - 0x2009 803E
FIO2CLRU - 0x2009 805E
FIO3CLRU - 0x2009 807E
FIO4CLRU - 0x2009 809E
FIO5CLRU - 0x2009 80BE

9.5.4 GPIO port Pin value register FIOxPIN (FIO0PIN to FIO5PIN0x2009 8014 to 0x2009 80B4)
This register provides the value of port pins that are configured to perform only digital
functions. The register will give the logic value of the pin regardless of whether the pin is
configured for input or output, or as GPIO or an alternate digital function. As an example,
a particular port pin may have GPIO input, GPIO output, UART receive, and PWM output
as selectable functions. Any configuration of that pin will allow its current logic state to be
read from the corresponding FIOxPIN register.
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Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

If a pin has an analog function as one of its options, the pin state cannot be read if the
analog configuration is selected. Selecting the pin as an A/D input disconnects the digital
features of the pin. In that case, the pin value read in the FIOxPIN register is not valid.
Writing to the FIOxPIN register stores the value in the port output register, bypassing the
need to use both the FIOxSET and FIOxCLR registers to obtain the entire written value.
This feature should be used carefully in an application since it affects the entire port.
Access to a port pin via the FIOxPIN register is conditioned by the corresponding bit of
the FIOxMASK register (see Section 9.5.5).
Only pins masked with zeros in the Mask register (see Section 9.5.5) will be correlated to
the current content of the Fast GPIO port pin value register.
Table 95.

Fast GPIO port Pin value register (FIO0PIN to FIO4PIN- addresses 0x2009 8014 to
0x2009 8094) bit description

Bit

Symbol

31:0

FIO0VAL
FIO1VAL
FIO2VAL
FIO3VAL
FIO4VAL
FIO5VAL

Value Description

Reset
value

Fast GPIO output value Set bits. Bit 0 in FIOxCLR corresponds

to pin Px[0], bit 31 in FIOxCLR corresponds to pin Px[31].
0

Controlled pin output is set to LOW.

Controlled pin output is set to HIGH.

0x0

Aside from the 32-bit long and word only accessible FIOxPIN register, every fast GPIO
port can also be controlled via several byte and half-word accessible registers listed in
Table 96, too. Next to providing the same functions as the FIOxPIN register, these
additional registers allow easier and faster access to the physical port pins.
Table 96.

Fast GPIO port Pin value byte and half-word accessible register description

Generic
name

Description

Register length
(bits) & access

Reset
value

PORTn Register
Address & Name

FIOxPIN0

Fast GPIO Port x Pin value register 0. Bit 0 in

FIOxPIN0 register corresponds to pin Px[0] bit 7
to pin Px[7].

8 (byte)
R/W

0x00

FIO0PIN0 - 0x2009 8014

FIO1PIN0 - 0x2009 8034
FIO2PIN0 - 0x2009 8054
FIO3PIN0 - 0x2009 8074
FIO4PIN0 - 0x2009 8094
FIO5PIN0 - 0x2009 80B4

FIOxPIN1

Fast GPIO Port x Pin value register 1. Bit 0 in

FIOxPIN1 register corresponds to pin Px[8] bit 7
to pin Px[15].

8 (byte)
R/W

0x00

FIO0PIN1 - 0x2009 8015

FIO1PIN1 - 0x2009 8035
FIO2PIN1 - 0x2009 8055
FIO3PIN1 - 0x2009 8075
FIO4PIN1 - 0x2009 8095
FIO5PIN1 - 0x2009 80B5

FIOxPIN2

Fast GPIO Port x Pin value register 2. Bit 0 in

8 (byte)
FIOxPIN2 register corresponds to pin Px[16] bit 7 R/W
to pin Px[23].

0x00

FIO0PIN2 - 0x2009 8016

FIO1PIN2 - 0x2009 8036
FIO2PIN2 - 0x2009 8056
FIO3PIN2 - 0x2009 8076
FIO4PIN2 - 0x2009 8096
FIO5PIN2 - 0x2009 80B6

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Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

Table 96.

Fast GPIO port Pin value byte and half-word accessible register description

Generic
name

Description

FIOxPIN3

Register length
(bits) & access

Reset
value

PORTn Register
Address & Name

Fast GPIO Port x Pin value register 3. Bit 0 in

8 (byte)
FIOxPIN3 register corresponds to pin Px[24] bit 7 R/W
to pin Px[31].

0x00

FIO0PIN3 - 0x2009 8017

FIO1PIN3 - 0x2009 8037
FIO2PIN3 - 0x2009 8057
FIO3PIN3 - 0x2009 8077
FIO4PIN3 - 0x2009 8097
FIO5PIN3 - 0x2009 80B7

FIOxPINL

Fast GPIO Port x Pin value Lower half-word register. 16 (half-word)

Bit 0 in FIOxPINL register corresponds to pin Px[0]
R/W
bit 15 to pin Px[15].

0x0000 FIO0PINL - 0x2009 8014

FIO1PINL - 0x2009 8034
FIO2PINL - 0x2009 8054
FIO3PINL - 0x2009 8074
FIO4PINL - 0x2009 8094
FIO5PINL - 0x2009 80B4

FIOxPINU

Fast GPIO Port x Pin value Upper half-word register. 16 (half-word)

Bit 0 in FIOxPINU register corresponds to pin Px[16] R/W
bit 15 to Px[31].

0x0000 FIO0PINU - 0x2009 8016

FIO1PINU - 0x2009 8036
FIO2PINU - 0x2009 8056
FIO3PINU - 0x2009 8076
FIO4PINU - 0x2009 8096
FIO5PINU - 0x2009 80B6

9.5.5 Fast GPIO port Mask register FIOxMASK (FIO0MASK to FIO5MASK 0x2009 8010 to 0x2009 80B0)
This register is used to select port pins that will and will not be affected by write accesses
to the FIOxPIN, FIOxSET or FIOxCLR register. Mask register also filters out ports content
when the FIOxPIN register is read.
A zero in this registers bit enables an access to the corresponding physical pin via a read
or write access. If a bit in this register is one, corresponding pin will not be changed with
write access and if read, will not be reflected in the updated FIOxPIN register. For
software examples, see Section 9.6.
Table 97.
Bit

Fast GPIO port Mask register (FIO0MASK to FIO4MASK - addresses 0x2009 8010
to 0x2009 8090) bit description

Symbol

Value Description

31:0 FIO0MASK
FIO1MASK
FIO2MASK
FIO3MASK
FIO4MASK
FIO5MASK

Reset
value

Fast GPIO physical pin access control.

0x0

Controlled pin is affected by writes to the ports FIOxSET,

FIOxCLR, and FIOxPIN register(s). Current state of the pin
can be read from the FIOxPIN register.

Controlled pin is not affected by writes into the ports

FIOxSET, FIOxCLR and FIOxPIN register(s). When the
FIOxPIN register is read, this bit will not be updated with the
state of the physical pin.

Aside from the 32-bit long and word only accessible FIOxMASK register, every fast GPIO
port can also be controlled via several byte and half-word accessible registers listed in
Table 98, too. Next to providing the same functions as the FIOxMASK register, these
additional registers allow easier and faster access to the physical port pins.

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Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

Table 98.

Fast GPIO port Mask byte and half-word accessible register description

Generic
Register
name

Description

FIOxMASK0

Fast GPIO Port x Mask register 0. Bit 0 in

8 (byte)
FIOxMASK0 register corresponds to pin Px[0] R/W
bit 7 to pin Px[7].

0x0

FIO0MASK0 - 0x2009 8010

FIO1MASK0 - 0x2009 8030
FIO2MASK0 - 0x2009 8050
FIO3MASK0 - 0x2009 8070
FIO4MASK0 - 0x2009 8090
FIO5MASK0 - 0x2009 80B0

FIOxMASK1

Fast GPIO Port x Mask register 1. Bit 0 in

8 (byte)
FIOxMASK1 register corresponds to pin Px[8] R/W
bit 7 to pin Px[15].

0x0

FIO0MASK1 - 0x2009 8011

FIO1MASK1 - 0x2009 8031
FIO2MASK1 - 0x2009 8051
FIO3MASK1 - 0x2009 8071
FIO4MASK1 - 0x2009 8091
FIO5MASK1 - 0x2009 80B1

FIOxMASK2

Fast GPIO Port x Mask register 2. Bit 0 in

FIOxMASK2 register corresponds to pin Px[16]
bit 7 to pin Px[23].

8 (byte)
R/W

0x0

FIO0MASK2 - 0x2009 8012

FIO1MASK2 - 0x2009 8032
FIO2MASK2 - 0x2009 8052
FIO3MASK2 - 0x2009 8072
FIO4MASK2 - 0x2009 8092
FIO5MASK2 - 0x2009 80B2

FIOxMASK3

Fast GPIO Port x Mask register 3. Bit 0 in

FIOxMASK3 register corresponds to pin Px[24]
bit 7 to pin Px[31].

8 (byte)
R/W

0x0

FIO0MASK3 - 0x2009 8013

FIO1MASK3 - 0x2009 8033
FIO2MASK3 - 0x2009 8053
FIO3MASK3 - 0x2009 8073
FIO4MASK3 - 0x2009 8093
FIO5MASK3 - 0x2009 80B3

FIOxMASKL

Fast GPIO Port x Mask Lower half-word register. 16 (half-word)

Bit 0 in FIOxMASKL register corresponds to pin R/W
Px[0] bit 15 to pin Px[15].

0x0

FIO0MASKL - 0x2009 8010

FIO1MASKL - 0x2009 8030
FIO2MASKL - 0x2009 8050
FIO3MASKL - 0x2009 8070
FIO4MASKL - 0x2009 8090
FIO5MASKL - 0x2009 80B0

FIOxMASKU

Fast GPIO Port x Mask Upper half-word register. 16 (half-word)

Bit 0 in FIOxMASKU register corresponds to pin R/W
Px[16] bit 15 to Px[31].

0x0

FIO0MASKU - 0x2009 8012

FIO1MASKU - 0x2009 8032
FIO2MASKU - 0x2009 8052
FIO3MASKU - 0x2009 8072
FIO4MASKU - 0x2009 8092
FIO5MASKU - 0x2009 80B2

UM10470

User manual

Register length
(bits) & access

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Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.5.6 GPIO interrupt registers

The following registers configure the pins of Port 0 and Port 2 to generate interrupts.

9.5.6.1 GPIO overall Interrupt Status register (IOIntStatus - 0x4002 8080)

This read-only register indicates the presence of interrupt pending on all of the GPIO ports
that support GPIO interrupts. Only status one bit per port is required.
Table 99.
Bit

Symbol

P0Int

User manual

Value Description

Reset
value

Port 0 GPIO interrupt pending.

0

There are no pending interrupts on Port 0.

There is at least one pending interrupt on Port 0.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

P2Int

Port 2 GPIO interrupt pending.

31:2

UM10470

GPIO overall Interrupt Status register (IOIntStatus - address 0x4002 8080) bit
description

There are no pending interrupts on Port 2.

There is at least one pending interrupt on Port 2.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

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Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.5.6.2 GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 0 Rising Edge (IO0IntEnR - 0x4002 8090)
Each bit in these read-write registers enables the rising edge interrupt for the
corresponding port 0 pin.
Table 100. GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 0 Rising Edge (IO0IntEnR - 0x4002 8090) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

P0.0ER

User manual

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[0].

0

Rising edge interrupt is disabled on P0[0].

Rising edge interrupt is enabled on P0[0].

Reset
value

P0.1ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[1].

P0.2ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[2].

P0.3ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[3].

P0.4ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[4].

P0.5ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[5].

P0.6ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[6].

P0.7ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[7].

P0.8ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[8].

P0.9ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[9].

10

P0.10ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[10].

11

P0.11ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[11].

12

P0.12ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[12].

13

P0.13ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[13].

14

P0.14ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[14].

15

P0.15ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[15].

16

P0.16ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[16].

17

P0.17ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[17].

18

P0.18ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[18].

19

P0.19ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[19].

20

P0.20ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[20].

21

P0.21ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[21].

22

P0.22ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[22].

23

P0.23ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[23].

24

P0.24ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[24].

25

P0.25ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[25].

26

P0.26ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[26].

27

P0.27ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[27].

28

P0.28ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[28].

29

P0.29ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[29].

30

P0.30ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[30].

31

P0.31ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P0[31].

[1]

UM10470

Value Description[1]

Which pins are available depends on the part number and package combination. See the specific device
data sheet for details.
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Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.5.6.3 GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 2 Rising Edge (IO2IntEnR - 0x4002 80B0)
Each bit in these read-write registers enables the rising edge interrupt for the
corresponding port 2 pin.
Table 101. GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 2 Rising Edge (IO2IntEnR - 0x4002 80B0) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

P2.0ER

User manual

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[0].

0

Rising edge interrupt is disabled on P2[0].

Rising edge interrupt is enabled on P2[0].

Reset
value

P2.1ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[1].

P2.2ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[2].

P2.3ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[3].

P2.4ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[4].

P2.5ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[5].

P2.6ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[6].

P2.7ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[7].

P2.8ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[8].

P2.9ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[9].

10

P2.10ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[10].

11

P2.11ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[11].

12

P2.12ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[12].

13

P2.13ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[13].

14

P2.14ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[14].

15

P2.15ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[15].

16

P2.16ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[16].

17

P2.17ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[17].

18

P2.18ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[18].

19

P2.19ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[19].

20

P2.20ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[20].

21

P2.21ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[21].

22

P2.22ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[22].

23

P2.23ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[23].

24

P2.24ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[24].

25

P2.25ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[25].

26

P2.26ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[26].

27

P2.27ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[27].

28

P2.28ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[28].

29

P2.29ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[29].

30

P2.30ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[30].

31

P2.31ER

Enable rising edge interrupt for P2[31].

[1]

UM10470

Value Description[1]

Which pins are available depends on the part number and package combination. See the specific device
data sheet for details.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

144 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.5.6.4 GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 0 Falling Edge (IO0IntEnF - 0x4002 8094)
Each bit in these read-write registers enables the falling edge interrupt for the
corresponding GPIO port 0 pin.
Table 102. GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 0 Falling Edge (IO0IntEnF - address 0x4002 8094)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

P0.0EF

User manual

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[0].

0

Falling edge interrupt is disabled on P0[0].

Falling edge interrupt is enabled on P0[0].

Reset
value

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[1].

P0.2EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[2].

P0.3EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[3].

P0.4EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[4].

P0.5EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[5].

P0.6EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[6].

P0.7EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[7].

P0.8EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[8].

P0.9EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[9].

10

P0.10EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[10].

11

P0.11EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[11].

12

P0.12EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[12].

13

P0.13EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[13].

14

P0.14EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[14].

15

P0.15EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[15].

16

P0.16EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[16].

17

P0.17EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[17].

18

P0.18EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[18].

19

P0.19EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[19].

20

P0.20EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[20].

21

P0.21EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[21].

22

P0.22EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[22].

23

P0.23EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[23].

24

P0.24EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[24].

25

P0.25EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[25].

26

P0.26EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[26].

27

P0.27EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[27].

28

P0.28EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[28].

29

P0.29EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[29].

30

P0.30EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[30].

31

P0.31EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P0[31].

[1]

UM10470

P0.1EF

Value Description[1]

Which pins are available depends on the part number and package combination. See the specific device
data sheet for details.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

145 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.5.6.5 GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 2 Falling Edge (IO2IntEnF - 0x4002 80B4)
Each bit in these read-write registers enables the falling edge interrupt for the
corresponding GPIO port 2 pin.
Table 103. GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 2 Falling Edge (IO2IntEnF - 0x4002 80B4) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

P2.0EF

User manual

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[0].

0

Falling edge interrupt is disabled on P2[0].

Falling edge interrupt is enabled on P2[0].

Reset
value

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[1].

P2.2EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[2].

P2.3EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[3].

P2.4EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[4].

P2.5EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[5].

P2.6EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[6].

P2.7EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[7].

P2.8EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[8].

P2.9EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[9].

10

P2.10EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[10].

11

P2.11EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[11].

12

P2.12EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[12].

13

P2.13EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[13].

14

P2.14EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[14].

15

P2.15EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[15].

16

P2.16EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[16].

17

P2.17EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[17].

18

P2.18EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[18].

19

P2.19EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[19].

20

P2.20EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[20].

21

P2.21EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[21].

22

P2.22EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[22].

23

P2.23EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[23].

24

P2.24EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[24].

25

P2.25EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[25].

26

P2.26EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[26].

27

P2.27EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[27].

28

P2.28EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[28].

29

P2.29EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[29].

30

P2.30EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[30].

31

P2.31EF

Enable falling edge interrupt for P2[31].

[1]

UM10470

P2.1EF

Value Description[1]

Which pins are available depends on the part number and package combination. See the specific device
data sheet for details.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

146 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.5.6.6 GPIO Interrupt Status for port 0 Rising Edge Interrupt (IO0IntStatR 0x4002 8084)
Each bit in these read-only registers indicates the rising edge interrupt status for port 0.
Table 104. GPIO Interrupt Status for port 0 Rising Edge Interrupt (IO0IntStatR - 0x4002 8084)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

P0.0REI

User manual

Reset
value

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[0].

A rising edge has not been detected on P0[0].

Interrupt has been generated due to a rising edge on P0[0].

P0.1REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[1].

P0.2REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[2].

P0.3REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[3].

P0.4REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[4].

P0.5REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[5].

P0.6REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[6].

P0.7REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[7].

P0.8REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[8].

P0.9REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[9].

10

P0.10REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[10].

11

P0.11REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[11].

12

P0.12REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[12].

13

P0.13REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[13].

14

P0.14REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[14].

15

P0.15REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[15].

16

P0.16REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[16].

17

P0.17REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[17].

18

P0.18REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[18].

19

P0.19REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[19].

20

P0.20REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[20].

21

P0.21REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[21].

22

P0.22REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[22].

23

P0.23REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[23].

24

P0.24REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[24].

25

P0.25REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[25].

26

P0.26REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[26].

27

P0.27REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[27].

28

P0.28REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[28].

29

P0.29REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[29].

30

P0.30REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[30].

31

P0.31REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P0[31].

[1]

UM10470

Value Description[1]

Which pins are available depends on the part number and package combination. See the specific device
data sheet for details.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

147 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.5.6.7 GPIO Interrupt Status for port 2 Rising Edge Interrupt (IO2IntStatR 0x4002 80A4)
Each bit in these read-only registers indicates the rising edge interrupt status for port 2.
Table 105. GPIO Interrupt Status for port 2 Rising Edge Interrupt (IO2IntStatR - 0x4002 80A4)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

P2.0REI

User manual

Reset
value

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[0].

A rising edge has not been detected on P2[0].

Interrupt has been generated due to a rising edge on P2[0].

P2.1REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[1].

P2.2REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[2].

P2.3REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[3].

P2.4REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[4].

P2.5REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[5].

P2.6REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[6].

P2.7REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[7].

P2.8REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[8].

P2.9REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[9].

10

P2.10REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[10].

11

P2.11REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[11].

12

P2.12REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[12].

13

P2.13REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[13].

14

P2.14REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[14].

15

P2.15REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[15].

16

P2.16REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[16].

17

P2.17REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[17].

18

P2.18REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[18].

19

P2.19REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[19].

20

P2.20REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[20].

21

P2.21REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[21].

22

P2.22REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[22].

23

P2.23REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[23].

24

P2.24REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[24].

25

P2.25REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[25].

26

P2.26REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[26].

27

P2.27REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[27].

28

P2.28REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[28].

29

P2.29REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[29].

30

P2.30REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[30].

31

P2.31REI

Status of Rising Edge Interrupt for P2[31].

[1]

UM10470

Value Description[1]

Which pins are available depends on the part number and package combination. See the specific device
data sheet for details.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

148 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.5.6.8 GPIO Interrupt Status for port 0 Falling Edge Interrupt (IO0IntStatF 0x4002 8088)
Each bit in these read-only registers indicates the falling edge interrupt status for port 0.
Table 106. GPIO Interrupt Status for port 0 Falling Edge Interrupt (IO0IntStatF - 0x4002 8088)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

P0.0FEI

User manual

Reset
value

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[0].

A falling edge has not been detected on P0[0].

Interrupt has been generated due to a falling edge on P0[0].

P0.1FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[1].

P0.2FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[2].

P0.3FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[3].

P0.4FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[4].

P0.5FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[5].

P0.6FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[6].

P0.7FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[7].

P0.8FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[8].

P0.9FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[9].

10

P0.10FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[10].

11

P0.11FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[11].

12

P0.12FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[12].

13

P0.13FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[13].

14

P0.14FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[14].

15

P0.15FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[15].

16

P0.16FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[16].

17

P0.17FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[17].

18

P0.18FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[18].

19

P0.19FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[19].

20

P0.20FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[20].

21

P0.21FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[21].

22

P0.22FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[22].

23

P0.23FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[23].

24

P0.24FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[24].

25

P0.25FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[25].

26

P0.26FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[26].

27

P0.27FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[27].

28

P0.28FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[28].

29

P0.29FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[29].

30

P0.30FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[30].

31

P0.31FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P0[31].

[1]

UM10470

Value Description[1]

Which pins are available depends on the part number and package combination. See the specific device
data sheet for details.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

149 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.5.6.9 GPIO Interrupt Status for port 2 Falling Edge Interrupt (IO2IntStatF 0x4002 80A8)
Each bit in these read-only registers indicates the falling edge interrupt status for port 2.
Table 107. GPIO Interrupt Status for port 2 Falling Edge Interrupt (IO2IntStatF - 0x4002 80A8)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

P2.0FEI

User manual

Reset
value

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[0].

A falling edge has not been detected on P2[0].

Interrupt has been generated due to a falling edge on P2[0].

P2.1FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[1].

P2.2FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[2].

P2.3FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[3].

P2.4FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[4].

P2.5FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[5].

P2.6FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[6].

P2.7FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[7].

P2.8FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[8].

P2.9FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[9].

10

P2.10FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[10].

11

P2.11FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[11].

12

P2.12FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[12].

13

P2.13FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[13].

14

P2.14FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[14].

15

P2.15FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[15].

16

P2.16FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[16].

17

P2.17FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[17].

18

P2.18FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[18].

19

P2.19FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[19].

20

P2.20FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[20].

21

P2.21FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[21].

22

P2.22FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[22].

23

P2.23FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[23].

24

P2.24FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[24].

25

P2.25FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[25].

26

P2.26FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[26].

27

P2.27FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[27].

28

P2.28FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[28].

29

P2.29FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[29].

30

P2.30FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[30].

31

P2.31FEI

Status of Falling Edge Interrupt for P2[31].

[1]

UM10470

Value Description[1]

Which pins are available depends on the part number and package combination. See the specific device
data sheet for details.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

150 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.5.6.10 GPIO Interrupt Clear register for port 0 (IO0IntClr - 0x4002 808C)
Writing a 1 into a bit in this write-only register clears any interrupts for the corresponding
port 0 pin.
Table 108. GPIO Interrupt Clear register for port 0 (IO0IntClr - 0x4002 808C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

P0.0CI

User manual

Reset
value

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[0].

Corresponding bits in IOxIntStatR and IOxIntStatF are

unchanged.

Corresponding bits in IOxIntStatR and IOxStatF are cleared.

P0.1CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[1].

P0.2CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[2].

P0.3CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[3].

P0.4CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[4].

P0.5CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[5].

P0.6CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[6].

P0.7CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[7].

P0.8CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[8].

P0.9CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[9].

10

P0.10CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[10].

11

P0.11CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[11].

12

P0.12CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[12].

13

P0.13CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[13].

14

P0.14CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[14].

15

P0.15CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[15].

16

P0.16CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[16].

17

P0.17CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[17].

18

P0.18CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[18].

19

P0.19CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[19].

20

P0.20CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[20].

21

P0.21CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[21].

22

P0.22CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[22].

23

P0.23CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[23].

24

P0.24CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[24].

25

P0.25CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[25].

26

P0.26CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[26].

27

P0.27CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[27].

28

P0.28CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[28].

29

P0.29CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[29].

30

P0.30CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[30].

31

P0.31CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P0[31].

[1]

UM10470

Value Description[1]

Which pins are available depends on the part number and package combination. See the specific device
data sheet for details.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

151 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.5.6.11 GPIO Interrupt Clear register for port 0 (IO2IntClr - 0x4002 80AC)
Writing a 1 into a bit in this write-only register clears any interrupts for the corresponding
port 2 pin.
Table 109. GPIO Interrupt Clear register for port 0 (IO2IntClr - 0x4002 80AC) bit description
Bit

Symbol

P2.0CI

User manual

Reset
value

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[0].

Corresponding bits in IOxIntStatR and IOxIntStatF are

unchanged.

Corresponding bits in IOxIntStatR and IOxStatF are cleared.

P2.1CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[1].

P2.2CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[2].

P2.3CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[3].

P2.4CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[4].

P2.5CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[5].

P2.6CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[6].

P2.7CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[7].

P2.8CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[8].

P2.9CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[9].

10

P2.10CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[10].

11

P2.11CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[11].

12

P2.12CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[12].

13

P2.13CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[13].

14

P2.14CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[14].

15

P2.15CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[15].

16

P2.16CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[16].

17

P2.17CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[17].

18

P2.18CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[18].

19

P2.19CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[19].

20

P2.20CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[20].

21

P2.21CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[21].

22

P2.22CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[22].

23

P2.23CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[23].

24

P2.24CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[24].

25

P2.25CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[25].

26

P2.26CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[26].

27

P2.27CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[27].

28

P2.28CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[28].

29

P2.29CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[29].

30

P2.30CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[30].

31

P2.31CI

Clear GPIO port Interrupts for P2[31].

[1]

UM10470

Value Description[1]

Which pins are available depends on the part number and package combination. See the specific device
data sheet for details.
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

152 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.6 GPIO usage notes

9.6.1 Example: An instantaneous output of 0s and 1s on a GPIO port
Solution 1: using 32-bit (word) accessible fast GPIO registers
FIO0MASK = 0xFFFF00FF ;
FIO0PIN = 0x0000A500;
Solution 2: using 16-bit (half-word) accessible fast GPIO registers
FIO0MASKL = 0x00FF;
FIO0PINL = 0xA500;
Solution 3: using 8-bit (byte) accessible fast GPIO registers
FIO0PIN1 = 0xA5;

9.6.2 Writing to FIOSET/FIOCLR vs. FIOPIN

Writing to the FIOSET/FIOCLR registers allow a program to easily change a ports output
pin(s) to both high and low levels at the same time. When FIOSET or FIOCLR are used,
only pin/bit(s) written with 1 will be changed, while those written as 0 will remain
unaffected.
Writing to the FIOPIN register enables instantaneous output of a desired value on the
parallel GPIO. Data written to the FIOPIN register will affect all pins configured as outputs
on that port: zeroes in the value will produce low level pin outputs and ones in the value
will produce high level pin outputs.
A subset of a ports pins may be changed by using the FIOMASK register to define which
pins are affected. FIOMASK is set up to contain zeroes in bits corresponding to pins that
will be changed, and ones for all others. Solution 2 from Section 9.6.1 above illustrates
output of 0xA5 on PORT0 pins 15 to 8 while preserving all other PORT0 output pins as
they were before.

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10.1 How to read this chapter

This chapter describes the external memory controller for LP178x/7x devices that support
external memory. EMC configurations vary with different packages for devices that
support external memory, see Table 110.
Table 110. EMC configuration
Device
Data bus
package widths
supported

Pins available

144-pin

EMC_A[15:0]

EMCStaticConfig1/0

EMC_D[7:0]

EMCStaticWaitWen1/0

EMC_OE

EMCStaticWaitOen1/0

EMC_WE

EMCStaticWaitRd1/0

EMC_CS1:0

EMCStaticWaitPage1/0

8-bit

Dynamic memory
Static memory
External
configuration registers[1][2] configuration registers[1][3] memory
connections

Section 10.13.3

EMCStaticWaitWr1/0
EMCStaticWaitTurn1/0
180-pin

16-bit, 8-bit EMC_A[19:0]

EMC_D[15:0]

EMCDynamicConfig1/0

EMCStaticConfig1/0

EMCDynamicRasCas1/0

EMCStaticWaitWen1/0

EMC_OE

EMCStaticWaitOen1/0

EMC_WE

EMCStaticWaitRd1/0

EMC_BLS1:0

EMCStaticWaitPage1/0

EMC_CS1:0

EMCStaticWaitWr1/0

EMC_DYCS1:0

EMCStaticWaitTurn1/0

Section 10.13.2
Section 10.13.3

EMC_CAS
EMC_RAS
EMC_CLK1:0
EMC_CKE1:0
EMC_DQM1:0
208-pin

32-bit,
EMC_A[25:0]
16-bit, 8-bit EMC_D[31:0]

EMCDynamicConfig3/2/1/0

EMCStaticConfig3/2/1/0

EMCDynamicRasCas3/2/1/0 EMCStaticWaitWen3/2/1/0

EMC_OE

EMCStaticWaitOen3/2/1/0

EMC_WE

EMCStaticWaitRd3/2/1/0

EMC_BLS3:0

EMCStaticWaitPage3/2/1/0

EMC_CS3:0

EMCStaticWaitWr3/2/1/0

EMC_DYCS3:0

EMCStaticWaitTurn3/2/1/0

Section 10.13.1
Section 10.13.2
Section 10.13.3

EMC_CAS
EMC_RAS
EMC_CLK1:0
EMC_CKE3:0
EMC_DQM3:0
[1]

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[2]

In addition to the registers that are common to all EMC dynamic chip selects: EMCDynamicControl,
EMCDynamicRefresh, EMCDynamicReadConfig, EMCDynamicRP, EMCDynamicRAS,
EMCDynamicSREX, EMCDynamicAPR, EMCDynamicDAL, EMCDynamicWR, EMCDynamicRC,
EMCDynamicRFC, EMCDynamicXSR, EMCDynamicRRD, and EMCDynamicMRD

[3]

In addition to the EMCStaticExtendedWait register which applies to all static chip selects.

10.2 Basic configuration

The EMC is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCEMC.
Remark: The EMC is enabled on reset (PCEMC = 1). On POR and warm reset, the
EMC is enabled as well, see Table 114 and Table 117.

2. Clock: The EMC clock can be the same as the CPU clock (the default), or half that.
The lower rate is intended to be used primarily when the CPU is running faster than
the external bus can support. Clock selection for the EMC is described in
Section 4.6.3.
3. Pins: Select EMC pins and pin modes through the relevant IOCON registers
(Section 8.4.1).
4. Configuration: See Table 114 to Table 117. Also see additional EMC configurations in
Section 3.8.1 System Controls and Status register (SCS - 0x400F C1A0). In
particular make sure that the address shift mode is configured correctly for the
application hardware.
5. MPU: Default memory space permissions for the Cortex-M3 do not allow program
execution from the address range that includes the dynamic memory chip selects.
These permissions can be changed by programming the MPU (see Section 39.4.5
Memory protection unit).

10.3 Introduction
The LPC178x/177x External Memory Controller (EMC) is an ARM PrimeCell MultiPort
Memory Controller peripheral offering support for asynchronous static memory devices
such as RAM, ROM and Flash, as well as dynamic memories such as Single Data Rate
SDRAM. The EMC is an Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) compliant
peripheral.

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10.4 Features
Static chip selects each support up to 64 MB of data. By enabling the address shift
mode, static chip select 0 can support up to 256 MB, and static chip select 1 can
support up to 128 MB (see SCS register bit 0 (Section 3.8.1)

Dynamic chip selects each support up to 256 MB of data.

Dynamic memory interface support including Single Data Rate SDRAM.
Asynchronous static memory device support including RAM, ROM, and Flash, with or
without asynchronous page mode.

Low transaction latency.

Read and write buffers to reduce latency and to improve performance.
8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit wide static memory support.
16-bit and 32-bit wide chip select SDRAM memory support.
Static memory features include:
Asynchronous page mode read
Programmable wait states
Bus turnaround delay
Output enable and write enable delays
Extended wait

Four chip selects for synchronous memory and four chip selects for static memory
devices.

Power-saving modes dynamically control CKE and CLKOUT to SDRAMs.

Dynamic memory self-refresh mode controlled by software.
Controller supports 2 kbit, 4 kbit, and 8 kbit row address synchronous memory parts.
That is typical 512 Mb, 256 Mb, and 128 Mb parts, with 4, 8, 16, or 32 data bits per
device.

Separate reset domains allow the for auto-refresh through a chip reset if desired.
Programmable delay elements allow fine-tuning EMC timing.
Note: Synchronous static memory devices (synchronous burst mode) are not supported.

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10.5 EMC functional description

Figure 13 shows a block diagram of the EMC.

Data buffers
(4 x 16 word)

EMC_D[31:0]

AHB slave
memory
interface

shared
signals

EMC_A[25:0]
EMC_WE
EMC_OE

static
memory
signals

AHB slave
register
interface
HCLK

Memory controller
state machine

EMCCLK
programmable
delay
EMCDLYCTL[4:0]

EMCCLKDELAY

EMC_CS3:0
Pad Interface

AHB bus

EMC_BLS3:0

EMC_DYCS3:0
EMC_CAS
EMC_RAS
dynamic
memory
signals

EMC_CKE3:0

FBCLKIN

EMC_DQM3:0
EMCDLYCTL[28:24]
programmable
delay

EMC_CLKOUT1

EMCDLYCTL[20:16]
programmable
delay

EMC_CLKOUT0

EMCDLYCTL[12:8]
programmable
delay

110701

Fig 13. EMC block diagram

The functions of the EMC blocks are described in the following sections:

AHB slave register interface.

AHB slave memory interfaces.
Data buffers.
Memory controller state machine.
Pad interface.

Note: For 32 bit wide chip selects data is transferred to and from dynamic memory in
SDRAM bursts of four. For 16 bit wide chip selects SDRAM bursts of eight are used.

10.5.1 AHB slave register interface

The AHB slave register interface block enables the registers of the EMC to be
programmed. This module also contains most of the registers and performs the majority of
the register address decoding.

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To eliminate the possibility of endianness problems, all data transfers to and from the
registers of the EMC must be 32 bits wide.
Note: If an access is attempted with a size other than a word (32 bits), it causes an
ERROR response to the AHB bus and the transfer is terminated.

10.5.2 AHB slave memory interface

The AHB slave memory interface allows access to external memories.

10.5.2.1 Memory transaction endianness

The endianness of the data transfers to and from the external memories is determined by
the Endian mode (N) bit in the EMCConfig register.
Note: The memory controller must be idle (see the busy field of the EMCStatus Register)
before endianness is changed, so that the data is transferred correctly.

10.5.2.2 Memory transaction size

Memory transactions can be 8, 16, or 32 bits wide. Any access attempted with a size
greater than a word (32 bits) causes an ERROR response to the AHB bus and the transfer
is terminated.

10.5.2.3 Write protected memory areas

Write transactions to write-protected memory areas generate an ERROR response to the
AHB bus and the transfer is terminated.

10.5.3 Pad interface

The pad interface block provides the interface to the pads. The pad interface uses a
feedback clock, FBCLKIN, from the CLKOUT0 output of the EMC to resynchronize
SDRAM read data from the off-chip to on-chip domains.

10.5.4 Data buffers

The AHB interface reads and writes via buffers to improve memory bandwidth and reduce
transaction latency. The EMC contains four 16-word buffers. The buffers can be used as
read buffers, write buffers, or a combination of both. The buffers are allocated
automatically.
The buffers must be disabled during SDRAM initialization. The buffers must be enabled
during normal operation.
The buffers can be enabled or disabled for static memory using the EMCStaticConfig
Registers.

10.5.4.1 Write buffers

Write buffers are used to:

Merge write transactions so that the number of external transactions are minimized.
Buffer data until the EMC can complete the write transaction, improving AHB write
latency.

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Convert all dynamic memory write transactions into quadword bursts on the external
memory interface. This enhances transfer efficiency for dynamic memory.

Reduce external memory traffic. This improves memory bandwidth and reduces
power consumption.
Write buffer operation:

If the buffers are enabled, an AHB write operation writes into the Least Recently Used
(LRU) buffer, if empty.
If the LRU buffer is not empty, the contents of the buffer are flushed to memory to
make space for the AHB write data.

If a buffer contains write data it is marked as dirty, and its contents are written to
memory before the buffer can be reallocated.
The write buffers are flushed whenever:

The memory controller state machine is not busy performing accesses to external
memory.
The memory controller state machine is not busy performing accesses to external
memory, and an AHB interface is writing to a different buffer.
Note: For dynamic memory, the smallest buffer flush is a quadword of data. For static
memory, the smallest buffer flush is a byte of data.

10.5.4.2 Read buffers

Read buffers are used to:

Buffer read requests from memory. Future read requests that hit the buffer read the
data from the buffer rather than memory, reducing transaction latency.
Convert all read transactions into quadword bursts on the external memory interface.
This enhances transfer efficiency for dynamic memory.

Reduce external memory traffic. This improves memory bandwidth and reduces
power consumption.
Read buffer operation:

If the buffers are enabled and the read data is contained in one of the buffers, the read
data is provided directly from the buffer.

If the read data is not contained in a buffer, the LRU buffer is selected. If the buffer is
dirty (contains write data), the write data is flushed to memory. When an empty buffer
is available the read command is posted to the memory.
A buffer filled by performing a read from memory is marked as not-dirty (not containing
write data) and its contents are not flushed back to the memory controller unless a
subsequent AHB transfer performs a write that hits the buffer.

10.5.5 Memory controller state machine

The memory controller state machine comprises a static memory controller and a dynamic
memory controller.

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10.5.6 Timing control with programmable delay elements

Programmable delay elements are provided to allow fine-tuning the timing of various
aspects of EMC operation in connection with SDRAM memory.

For the clock delayed operating mode, separate programmable delays are provided
for each potential clock output, CLKOUT0 and CLKOUT1.

For the command delayed operating mode, a programmable delay is provided to

control delay of all command outputs.

For both operating modes, a programmable delay is provided to control the time at
which input data from SDRAM memory is sampled.
The locations of the programmable delays are shown in the EMC overall block diagram
(Figure 13). See descriptions of the EMCDLYCTL and EMCCAL registers for more
information.

10.6 Low-power operation

In many systems, the contents of the memory system have to be maintained during
low-power sleep modes. The EMC provides a mechanism to place the dynamic memories
into self-refresh mode.
Self-refresh mode can be entered by software by setting the SREFREQ bit in the
EMCDynamicControl Register and polling the SREFACK bit in the EMCStatus Register.
Any transactions to memory that are generated while the memory controller is in
self-refresh mode are rejected and an error response is generated to the AHB bus.
Clearing the SREFREQ bit in the EMCDynamicControl Register returns the memory to
normal operation. See the memory data sheet for refresh requirements.
Note: The static memory can be accessed as normal when the SDRAM memory is in
self-refresh mode.

10.6.1 Low-power SDRAM Deep-sleep Mode

The EMC supports JEDEC low-power SDRAM deep-sleep mode. Deep-sleep mode can
be entered by setting the deep-sleep mode (DP) bit, the dynamic memory clock enable bit
(CE), and the dynamic clock control bit (CS) in the EMCDynamicControl register. The
device is then put into a low-power mode where the device is powered down and no
longer refreshed. All data in the memory is lost.

10.6.2 Low-power SDRAM partial array refresh

The EMC supports JEDEC low-power SDRAM partial array refresh. Partial array refresh
can be programmed by initializing the SDRAM memory device appropriately. When the
memory device is put into self-refresh mode only the memory banks specified are
refreshed. The memory banks that are not refreshed lose their data contents.

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10.7 Memory bank select

Eight independently-configurable memory chip selects are supported:

Pins EMC_CS3 to EMC_CS0 are used to select static memory devices.

Pins EMC_DYCS3 to EMC_DYCS0 are used to select dynamic memory devices.
Static memory chip select ranges are each 64 megabytes in size, while dynamic memory
chip selects cover a range of 256 megabytes each. Table 111 shows the address ranges
of the chip selects.
Table 111. Memory bank selection
Chip select pin

Address range

Memory type

Size of range

EMC_CS0

0x8000 0000 - 0x83FF FFFF

Static

64 MB

EMC_CS1

0x9000 0000 - 0x93FF FFFF

Static

64 MB

EMC_CS2

0x9800 0000 - 0x9BFF FFFF

Static

64 MB

EMC_CS3

0x9C00 0000 - 0x9FFF FFFF

Static

64 MB

EMC_DYCS0

0xA000 0000 - 0xAFFF FFFF

Dynamic

256 MB

EMC_DYCS1

0xB000 0000 - 0xBFFF FFFF

Dynamic

256 MB

EMC_DYCS2

0xC000 0000 - 0xCFFF FFFF

Dynamic

256 MB

EMC_DYCS3

0xD000 0000 - 0xDFFF FFFF

Dynamic

256 MB

10.8 EMC Reset

The EMC receives two reset signals. One is Power-On Reset (POR), asserted when chip
power is applied, and when a brown-out condition is detected (see the System Control
Block chapter for details of Brown-Out Detect). The other reset is from the external Reset
pin and the Watchdog Timer.
A configuration bit in the SCS register, called EMC_Reset_Disable, allows control of how
the EMC is reset (see Section 3.8.1 System Controls and Status register (SCS 0x400F C1A0)). The default configuration (EMC_Reset_Disable = 0) is that both EMC
resets are asserted when any type of reset event occurs. In this mode, all registers and
functions of the EMC are initialized upon any reset condition.
If EMC_Reset_Disable is set to 1, many portions of the EMC are only reset by a power-on
or brown-out event, in order to allow the EMC to retain its state through a warm reset
(external reset or watchdog reset). If the EMC is configured correctly, auto-refresh can be
maintained through a warm reset.

10.9 Address shift mode

The EMC supports an optional address shift mode for static memories that can simplify
board design and potentially increase external memory addressing range in some cases.
The latter cases are described in footnotes of Table 3 LPC178x/177x memory usage and
details in the Memory Map chapter of this manual.

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Address shift mode is controlled by a configuration bit in the SCS register, called EMC
Shift Control (see Section 3.8.1 System Controls and Status register (SCS 0x400F C1A0)).
When the address shift mode is not activated (the EMC Shift Control bit in the SCS
register = 1), static memory addresses are output as byte addresses. This means that for
memories wider than a byte, one or two address lines are not used, and that address
connections to memory devices must be shifted in the board design. For example, if a
32-bit wide memory system is connected, the lowest line address of the memory device(s)
would be connected to EMC address line 2, skipping bits 0 and 1.
When the address shift mode is activated (the EMC Shift Control bit in the SCS register =
0), static memory addresses are shifted to match the lowest address bit needed for bus
width. In this case, the lowest address line of the memory device(s) is always to EMC
address line 0.

10.10 Memory mapped I/O and burst disable

By default, the EMC uses buffering to obtain better external memory access performance.
However, in the case of memory mapped I/O devices, the read-ahead operations that
occur due to the buffering can cause issues with some such devices. This could be from a
change of status in one register caused by reading another register, or could simply cause
an unplanned read of a data FIFO when another register in the device is read intentionally.
To prevent this issue, the use of buffering to read ahead of actual CPU memory read
requests can be disabled. The configuration bit that controls this function is called EMC
Burst Control, and is found in the SCS register (see Section 3.8.1 System Controls and
Status register (SCS - 0x400F C1A0)).

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10.11 Pin description

Table 112 shows the interface and control signal pins for the EMC.
Table 112. Pad interface and control signal descriptions
Name

Type

Value on
POR reset

Value during
self-refresh

Description

EMC_A[23:0]

Output

Depends on static
memory accesses

External memory address output. Used for both static and

SDRAM devices. SDRAM memories use only bits [14:0].

EMC_D[31:0]

Input/
Output

Data
outputs = 0

Depends on static
memory accesses

External memory data lines. These are inputs when data is

read from external memory and outputs when data is
written to external memory.

EMC_OE

Output

Depends on static
memory accesses

Low active output enable for static memory devices.

EMC_BLS3:0

Output

0xF

Depends on static
memory accesses

Low active byte lane selects. Used for static memory

devices.

EMC_WE

Output

Depends on static
memory accesses

Low active write enable. Used for SDRAM and static

memories.

EMC_CS3:0

Output

0xF

Depends on static
memory accesses

Static memory chip selects. Default active LOW. Used for

static memory devices.

EMC_DYCS3:0

Output

0xF

0xF

SDRAM chip selects. Used for SDRAM devices.

EMC_CAS

Output

Column address strobe. Used for SDRAM devices.

EMC_RAS

Output

Row address strobe. Used for SDRAM devices.

EMC_CLK1:0

Output

Follows
CCLK

Follows CCLK

SDRAM clocks. Used for SDRAM devices.

EMC_CKE3:0

Output

0xF

0x0

SDRAM clock enables. Used for SDRAM devices. One is

allocated for each Chip Select.

EMC_DQM3:0

Output

0xF

0xF

Data mask output to SDRAMs. Used for SDRAM devices

and static memories.

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10.12 Register description

This chapter describes the EMC registers and provides details required when
programming the microcontroller. The EMC registers are shown in Table 113.
Table 113. Summary of EMC registers
Address

Register Name

Description

0x2009 C000

EMCControl

Controls operation of the memory controller.

0x2009 C004

EMCStatus

Provides EMC status information.

Warm POR
Reset Reset
Value Value

Type Table

[1]

[1]

0x1

0x3

R/W

114

0x5

RO

115

0x2009 C008

EMCConfig

Configures operation of the memory controller

0x0

R/W

116

0x2009 C020

EMCDynamicControl

Controls dynamic memory operation.

0x006

R/W

117

0x2009 C024

EMCDynamicRefresh Configures dynamic memory refresh operation.

0x0

R/W

118

0x2009 C028

EMCDynamic
ReadConfig

Configures the dynamic memory read strategy.

0x0

R/W

119

0x2009 C030

EMCDynamictRP

Selects the precharge command period.

0x0F

R/W

120

0x2009 C034

EMCDynamictRAS

Selects the active to precharge command period.

0xF

R/W

121

0x2009 C038

EMCDynamictSREX

Selects the self-refresh exit time.

0xF

R/W

122

0x2009 C03C EMCDynamictAPR

Selects the last-data-out to active command time.

0xF

R/W

123

0x2009 C040

EMCDynamictDAL

Selects the data-in to active command time.

0xF

R/W

124

0x2009 C044

EMCDynamictWR

Selects the write recovery time.

0xF

R/W

125

0x2009 C048

EMCDynamictRC

Selects the active to active command period.

0x1F

R/W

126

0x2009 C04C EMCDynamictRFC

Selects the auto-refresh period.

0x1F

R/W

127

0x2009 C050

EMCDynamictXSR

Selects the exit self-refresh to active command time.

0x1F

R/W

128

0x2009 C054

EMCDynamictRRD

Selects the active bank A to active bank B latency.

0xF

R/W

129

0x2009 C058

EMCDynamictMRD

Selects the load mode register to active command

time.

0xF

R/W

130

0x2009 C080

EMCStatic
ExtendedWait

Selects time for long static memory read and write

transfers.

0x0

R/W

131

0x2009 C100

EMCDynamic
Config0

Selects the configuration information for

EMC_DYCS0.

0x0

R/W

132

0x2009 C104

EMCDynamic
RasCas0

Selects the RAS and CAS latencies for

EMC_DYCS0.

0x303

R/W

134

0x2009 C120

EMCDynamic
Config1

Selects the configuration information for

EMC_DYCS1.

0x0

R/W

132

0x2009 C124

EMCDynamic
RasCas1

Selects the RAS and CAS latencies for

EMC_DYCS1.

0x303

R/W

134

0x2009 C140

EMCDynamic
Config2

Selects the configuration information for

EMC_DYCS2.

0x0

R/W

132

0x2009 C144

EMCDynamic
RasCas2

Selects the RAS and CAS latencies for

EMC_DYCS2.

0x303

R/W

134

0x2009 C160

EMCDynamic
Config3

Selects the configuration information for

EMC_DYCS3.

0x0

R/W

132

0x2009 C164

EMCDynamic
RasCas3

Selects the RAS and CAS latencies for

EMC_DYCS3.

0x303

R/W

134

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Table 113. Summary of EMC registers continued

Address

Register Name

Description

Warm POR
Reset Reset
Value Value
[1]

[1]

Type Table

0x2009 C200

EMCStaticConfig0

Selects the memory configuration for EMC_CS0.

0x0

R/W

135

0x2009 C204

EMCStaticWaitWen0

Selects the delay from EMC_CS0 to write enable.

0x0

R/W

136

0x2009 C208

EMCStaticWaitOen0

Selects the delay from EMC_CS0 or address

change, whichever is later, to output enable.

0x0

R/W

137

Selects the delay from EMC_CS0 to a read access.

0x1F

R/W

138

0x1F

R/W

139

0x2009 C20C EMCStaticWaitRd0

0x2009 C210

EMCStaticWaitPage0 Selects the delay for asynchronous page mode

sequential accesses for EMC_CS0.

0x2009 C214

EMCStaticWaitWr0

Selects the delay from EMC_CS0 to a write access.

0x1F

R/W

140

0x2009 C218

EMCStaticWaitTurn0

Selects the number of bus turnaround cycles

EMC_CS0.

0xF

R/W

141

0x2009 C220

EMCStaticConfig1

Selects the memory configuration for EMC_CS1.

0x0

R/W

135

0x2009 C224

EMCStaticWaitWen1

Selects the delay from EMC_CS1 to write enable.

0x0

R/W

136

0x2009 C228

EMCStaticWaitOen1

Selects the delay from EMC_CS1 or address

change, whichever is later, to output enable.

0x0

R/W

137

Selects the delay from EMC_CS1 to a read access.

0x1F

R/W

138

0x2009 C22C EMCStaticWaitRd1

0x2009 C230

EMCStaticWaitPage1 Selects the delay for asynchronous page mode

sequential accesses for EMC_CS1.

0x1F

R/W

139

0x2009 C234

EMCStaticWaitWr1

Selects the delay from EMC_CS1 to a write access.

0x1F

R/W

140

0x2009 C238

EMCStaticWaitTurn1

Selects the number of bus turnaround cycles for

EMC_CS1.

0xF

R/W

141

0x2009 C240

EMCStaticConfig2

Selects the memory configuration for EMC_CS2.

0x0

R/W

135

0x2009 C244

EMCStaticWaitWen2

Selects the delay from EMC_CS2 to write enable.

0x0

R/W

136

0x2009 C248

EMCStaticWaitOen2

Selects the delay from EMC_CS2 or address

change, whichever is later, to output enable.

0x0

R/W

137

Selects the delay from EMC_CS2 to a read access.

0x1F

R/W

138

0x1F

R/W

139

0x2009 C24C EMCStaticWaitRd2

0x2009 C250

EMCStaticWaitPage2 Selects the delay for asynchronous page mode

sequential accesses for EMC_CS2.

0x2009 C254

EMCStaticWaitWr2

Selects the delay from EMC_CS2 to a write access.

0x1F

R/W

140

0x2009 C258

EMCStaticWaitTurn2

Selects the number of bus turnaround cycles for

EMC_CS2.

0xF

R/W

141

0x2009 C260

EMCStaticConfig3

Selects the memory configuration for EMC_CS3.

0x0

R/W

135

0x2009 C264

EMCStaticWaitWen3

Selects the delay from EMC_CS3 to write enable.

0x0

R/W

136

0x2009 C268

EMCStaticWaitOen3

Selects the delay from EMC_CS3 or address

change, whichever is later, to output enable.

0x0

R/W

137

Selects the delay from EMC_CS3 to a read access.

0x1F

R/W

138

0x2009 C26C EMCStaticWaitRd3

0x2009 C270

EMCStaticWaitPage3 Selects the delay for asynchronous page mode

sequential accesses for EMC_CS3.

0x1F

R/W

139

0x2009 C274

EMCStaticWaitWr3

0x1F

R/W

140

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Table 113. Summary of EMC registers continued

Address

Register Name

Description

Warm POR
Reset Reset
Value Value

Type Table

[1]

[1]

Selects the number of bus turnaround cycles for

EMC_CS3.

0xF

R/W

141

0x400F C1DC EMCDLYCTL

Selects values for the 4 programmable delays

associated with SDRAM operation.

0x210

R/W

142

0x400F C1E0 EMCCAL

Controls the calibration counter for programmable

delays and returns the result value.

0x1F00 R/W

143

0x2009 C278

[1]

EMCStaticWaitTurn3

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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Chapter 10: LPC178x/7x External Memory Controller (EMC)

10.12.1 EMC Control register (EMCControl - 0x2009 C000)

The EMCControl register is a read/write register that controls operation of the memory
controller. The control bits can be altered during normal operation. Table 114 shows the bit
assignments for the EMCControl register.
Table 114. EMC Control register (EMCControl - address 0x2009 C000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

EMC Enable (E)

Value Description

Reset
Value

Indicates if the EMC is enabled or disabled:

0

Disabled

Enabled (POR and warm reset value).

Disabling the EMC reduces power consumption. When the memory controller
is disabled the memory is not refreshed. The memory controller is enabled by
setting the enable bit, or by reset.
This bit must only be modified when the EMC is in idle state.[1]
1

Address mirror (M)

Indicates normal or reset memory map:

Normal memory map.

Reset memory map. Static memory EMC_CS1 is mirrored onto EMC_CS0 and
EMC_DYCS0 (POR reset value).
On POR, EMC_CS1 is mirrored to both EMC_CS0 and EMC_DYCS0 memory
areas. Clearing the M bit enables EMC_CS0 and EMC_DYCS0 memory to be
accessed.

Low-power mode (L)

Indicates normal, or low-power mode:

0

Normal mode (warm reset value).

Low-power mode.

Entering low-power mode reduces memory controller power consumption.

Dynamic memory is refreshed as necessary. The memory controller returns to
normal functional mode by clearing the low-power mode bit (L), or by POR.
This bit must only be modified when the EMC is in idle state.[1]
31:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

NA

The external memory cannot be accessed in low-power or disabled state. If a memory access is performed
an AHB error response is generated. The EMC registers can be programmed in low-power and/or disabled
state.

10.12.2 EMC Status register (EMCStatus - 0x2009 C004)

The read-only EMCStatus register provides EMC status information. Table 115 shows the
bit assignments for the EMCStatus register.
Table 115. EMC Status register (EMCStatus - address 0x2009 C008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Busy (B)

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Value

Description

Reset
Value

This bit is used to ensure that the memory controller enters the low-power or
disabled mode cleanly by determining if the memory controller is busy or not:

EMC is idle (warm reset value).

EMC is busy performing memory transactions, commands, auto-refresh cycles,

or is in self-refresh mode (POR reset value).

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Table 115. EMC Status register (EMCStatus - address 0x2009 C008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Write buffer status

(S)

Value

Self-refresh
acknowledge (SA)

Description

Reset
Value

This bit enables the EMC to enter low-power mode or disabled mode cleanly:

Write buffers empty (POR reset value)

Write buffers contain data.

This bit indicates the operating mode of the EMC:

Normal mode

Self-refresh mode (POR reset value).

31:3 -

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

10.12.3 EMC Configuration register (EMCConfig - 0x2009 C008)

The EMCConfig register configures the operation of the memory controller. It is
recommended that this register is modified during system initialization, or when there are
no current or outstanding transactions. This can be ensured by waiting until the EMC is
idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode. This register is accessed with one
wait state. Table 116 shows the bit assignments for the EMCConfig register.
Table 116. EMC Configuration register (EMCConfig - address 0x2009 C008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

Endian mode:

Little-endian mode (POR reset value).

Big-endian mode.
On power-on reset, the value of the endian bit is 0. All data must be flushed in the
EMC before switching between little-endian and big-endian modes.

7:1

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

CCLK: CLKOUT ratio:

1:1 (POR reset value)

1:2 (this option is not available on the LPC178x/177x)

This bit must contain 0 for proper operation of the EMC.

31:9 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.4 Dynamic Memory Control register (EMCDynamicControl 0x2009 C020)

The EMCDynamicControl register controls dynamic memory operation. The control bits
can be altered during normal operation. Table 117 shows the bit assignments for the
EMCDynamicControl register.
Table 117. Dynamic Control register (EMCDynamicControl - address 0x2009 C020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

Dynamic memory
clock enable (CE)

Clock enable of idle devices are deasserted to save power (POR reset
value).

All clock enables are driven HIGH continuously.[1]

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Table 117. Dynamic Control register (EMCDynamicControl - address 0x2009 C020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

Dynamic memory
clock control (CS)

CLKOUT stops when all SDRAMs are idle and during self-refresh mode.

CLKOUT runs continuously (POR reset value).

When clock control is LOW the output clock CLKOUT is stopped when there
are no SDRAM transactions. The clock is also stopped during self-refresh
mode.

Self-refresh request,
EMCSREFREQ (SR)

Normal mode.

Enter self-refresh mode (POR reset value).

By writing 1 to this bit self-refresh can be entered under software control.

Writing 0 to this bit returns the EMC to normal mode.
The self-refresh acknowledge bit in the EMCStatus register must be polled to
discover the current operating mode of the EMC.[2]
4:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Memory clock control 0

(MMC)
1

CLKOUT enabled (POR reset value).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

8:7

SDRAM initialization
(I)

Issue SDRAM NORMAL operation command (POR reset value).

00

12:9

13

Low-power SDRAM
deep-sleep mode
(DP)

31:14 -

00

CLKOUT disabled.[3]

01

Issue SDRAM MODE command.

10

Issue SDRAM PALL (precharge all) command.

11

Issue SDRAM NOP (no operation) command)

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Normal operation (POR reset value).

Enter Deep-sleep mode.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

[1]

Clock enable must be HIGH during SDRAM initialization.

[2]

The memory controller exits from power-on reset with the self-refresh bit HIGH. To enter normal functional
mode set this bit LOW.

[3]

Disabling CLKOUT can be performed if there are no SDRAM memory transactions. When enabled this bit
can be used in conjunction with the dynamic memory clock control (CS) field.

Remark: Deep-sleep mode can be entered by setting the deep-sleep mode (DP) bit, the
dynamic memory clock enable bit (CE), and the dynamic clock control bit (CS) to one. The
device is then put into a low-power mode where the device is powered down and no
longer refreshed. All data in the memory is lost.

10.12.5 Dynamic Memory Refresh Timer register (EMCDynamicRefresh 0x2009 C024)

The EMCDynamicRefresh register configures dynamic memory operation. It is
recommended that this register is modified during system initialization, or when there are
no current or outstanding transactions. This can be ensured by waiting until the EMC is
idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode. However, these control bits can, if
necessary, be altered during normal operation. This register is accessed with one wait
state.

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Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed. Table 118 shows the bit
assignments for the EMCDynamicRefresh register.
Table 118. Dynamic Memory Refresh Timer register (EMCDynamicRefresh - address 0x2009 C024) bit description
Bit

Symbol

10:0

Refresh timer
(REFRESH)

Value Description

Reset
Value

Indicates the multiple of 16 CCLKs between SDRAM refresh cycles.

0x0

Refresh disabled (POR reset value).

0x1

0x7FF = n x16 = 16n CCLKs between SDRAM refresh cycles.

For example:
0x1 = 1 x 16 = 16 CCLKs between SDRAM refresh cycles.
0x8 = 8 x 16 = 128 CCLKs between SDRAM refresh cycles.
31:11 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

For example, for the refresh period of 16 s, and a CCLK frequency of 50 MHz, the
following value must be programmed into this register:
(16 x 10-6 x 50 x 106) / 16 = 50 or 0x32
If auto-refresh through warm reset is requested (by setting the EMC_Reset_Disable bit),
the timing of auto-refresh must be adjusted to allow a sufficient refresh rate when the
clock rate is reduced during the wake-up period of a reset cycle. During this period, the
EMC (and all other portions of the LPC178x/177x that are being clocked) run from the IRC
oscillator at 12 MHz. So, 12 MHz must be considered the CCLK rate for refresh
calculations if auto-refresh through warm reset is requested.
Note: The refresh cycles are evenly distributed. However, there might be slight variations
when the auto-refresh command is issued depending on the status of the memory
controller.

10.12.6 Dynamic Memory Read Configuration register

(EMCDynamicReadConfig - 0x2009 C028)
The EMCDynamicReadConfig register configures the dynamic memory read strategy.
This register must only be modified during system initialization. This register is accessed
with one wait state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 119 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicReadConfig register.

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Table 119. Dynamic Memory Read Configuration register (EMCDynamicReadConfig - address 0x2009 C028) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

1:0

Read data
strategy (RD)

00

Clock out delayed strategy, using CLKOUT (command not delayed, clock out
delayed). POR reset value.

0x0

01

Command delayed strategy, using EMCCLKDELAY (command delayed, clock out

not delayed).

10

Command delayed strategy plus one clock cycle, using EMCCLKDELAY

(command delayed, clock out not delayed).

11

Command delayed strategy plus two clock cycles, using EMCCLKDELAY

(command delayed, clock out not delayed).

31:2

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.7 Dynamic Memory Precharge Command Period register

(EMCDynamictRP - 0x2009 C030)
The EMCDynamicTRP register enables you to program the precharge command period,
tRP. This register must only be modified during system initialization. This value is normally
found in SDRAM data sheets as tRP. This register is accessed with one wait state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 120 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicTRP register.
Table 120. Dynamic Memory Precharge Command Period register (EMCDynamictRP - address 0x2009 C030) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

3:0

Precharge command 0x0 period (tRP)

0xE
0xF

31:4

Reset
Value

n + 1 clock cycles. The delay is in EMCCLK cycles.

0x0F

16 clock cycles (POR reset value).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.8 Dynamic Memory Active to Precharge Command Period register

(EMCDynamictRAS - 0x2009 C034)
The EMCDynamicTRAS register enables you to program the active to precharge
command period, tRAS. It is recommended that this register is modified during system
initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be
ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode.
This value is normally found in SDRAM data sheets as tRAS. This register is accessed
with one wait state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 121 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicTRAS register.

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Table 121. Dynamic Memory Active to Precharge Command Period register (EMCDynamictRAS - address
0x2009 C034) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

3:0

Active to precharge
command period (tRAS)

0x0 0xE

0xF

31:4

0xF

n + 1 clock cycles. The delay is in EMCCLK cycles.

16 clock cycles (POR reset value).
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.9 Dynamic Memory Self-refresh Exit Time register (EMCDynamictSREX

- 0x2009 C038)
The EMCDynamicTSREX register enables you to program the self-refresh exit time,
tSREX. It is recommended that this register is modified during system initialization, or
when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be ensured by waiting
until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode. This value is
normally found in SDRAM data sheets as tSREX, for devices without this parameter you
use the same value as tXSR. This register is accessed with one wait state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 122 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicTSREX register.
Table 122. Dynamic Memory Self-refresh Exit Time register (EMCDynamictSREX - address 0x2009 C038) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

3:0

Self-refresh exit
time (tSREX)

0x0 0xE

0xF

31:4

0xF

n + 1 clock cycles. The delay is in CCLK cycles.

16 clock cycles (POR reset value).
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.10 Dynamic Memory Last Data Out to Active Time register

(EMCDynamictAPR - 0x2009 C03C)
The EMCDynamicTAPR register enables you to program the last-data-out to active
command time, tAPR. It is recommended that this register is modified during system
initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be
ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode.
This value is normally found in SDRAM data sheets as tAPR. This register is accessed
with one wait state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 123 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicTAPR register.

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Table 123. Dynamic Memory Last Data Out to Active Time register (EMCDynamictAPR - address 0x2009 C03C) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

3:0

Last-data-out to active
command time (tAPR)

0x0 0xE

0xF

31:4

0xF

n + 1 clock cycles. The delay is in CCLK cycles.

16 clock cycles (POR reset value).
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.11 Dynamic Memory Data-in to Active Command Time register

(EMCDynamictDAL - 0x2009 C040)
The EMCDynamicTDAL register enables you to program the data-in to active command
time, tDAL. It is recommended that this register is modified during system initialization, or
when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be ensured by waiting
until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode. This value is
normally found in SDRAM data sheets as tDAL, or tAPW. This register is accessed with
one wait state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 124 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicTDAL register.
Table 124. Dynamic Memory Data-in to Active Command Time register (EMCDynamictDAL - address 0x2009 C040)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

3:0

Data-in to active
command (tDAL)

0x0 0xE

0xF

31:4

0xF

n clock cycles. The delay is in CCLK cycles.

15 clock cycles (POR reset value).
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.12 Dynamic Memory Write Recovery Time register (EMCDynamictWR 0x2009 C044)
The EMCDynamicTWR register enables you to program the write recovery time, tWR. It is
recommended that this register is modified during system initialization, or when there are
no current or outstanding transactions. This can be ensured by waiting until the EMC is
idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode. This value is normally found in
SDRAM data sheets as tWR, tDPL, tRWL, or tRDL. This register is accessed with one
wait state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 125 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicTWR register.

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Table 125. Dynamic Memory Write recover Time register (EMCDynamictWR - address 0x2009 C044) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

3:0

Write recovery
time (tWR)

0x0 0xE

n + 1 clock cycles. The delay is in CCLK cycles.

0xF

0xF

16 clock cycles (POR reset value).

31:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.13 Dynamic Memory Active to Active Command Period register

(EMCDynamictRC - 0x2009 C048)
The EMCDynamicTRC register enables you to program the active to active command
period, tRC. It is recommended that this register is modified during system initialization, or
when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be ensured by waiting
until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode. This value is
normally found in SDRAM data sheets as tRC. This register is accessed with one wait
state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 126 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicTRC register.
Table 126. Dynamic Memory Active to Active Command Period register (EMCDynamictRC - address 0x2009 C048)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

4:0

Active to active
command period (tRC)

0x0 0x1E

n + 1 clock cycles. The delay is in CCLK cycles.

0x1F

0xF

32 clock cycles (POR reset value).

31:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.14 Dynamic Memory Auto-refresh Period register (EMCDynamictRFC 0x2009 C04C)

The EMCDynamicTRFC register enables you to program the auto-refresh period, and
auto-refresh to active command period, tRFC. It is recommended that this register is
modified during system initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding
transactions. This can be ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering
low-power, or disabled mode. This value is normally found in SDRAM data sheets as
tRFC, or sometimes as tRC. This register is accessed with one wait state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 127 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicTRFC register.

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Table 127. Dynamic Memory Auto-refresh Period register (EMCDynamictRFC - address 0x2009 C04C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

4:0

Auto-refresh period and

auto-refresh to active
command period (tRFC)

0x0 0x1E

n + 1 clock cycles. The delay is in CCLK cycles.

0x1F

0xF

32 clock cycles (POR reset value).

31:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.15 Dynamic Memory Exit Self-refresh register (EMCDynamictXSR 0x2009 C050)

The EMCDynamicTXSR register enables you to program the exit self-refresh to active
command time, tXSR. It is recommended that this register is modified during system
initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be
ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode.
This value is normally found in SDRAM data sheets as tXSR. This register is accessed
with one wait state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 128 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicTXSR register.
Table 128. Dynamic Memory Exit Self-refresh register (EMCDynamictXSR - address 0x2009 C050) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

4:0

Exit self-refresh to active

command time (tXSR)

0x0 0x1E

n + 1 clock cycles. The delay is in CCLK cycles.

0x1F

0xF

32 clock cycles (POR reset value).

31:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.16 Dynamic Memory Active Bank A to Active Bank B Time register

(EMCDynamictRRD - 0x2009 C054)
The EMCDynamicTRRD register enables you to program the active bank A to active bank
B latency, tRRD. It is recommended that this register is modified during system
initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be
ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode.
This value is normally found in SDRAM data sheets as tRRD. This register is accessed
with one wait state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 129 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicTRRD register.

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Table 129. Dynamic Memory Active Bank A to Active Bank B Time register (EMCDynamictRRD - address
0x2009 C054) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

3:0

Active bank A to active

bank B latency (tRRD)

0x0 0xE

0xF

31:4

0xF

n + 1 clock cycles. The delay is in CCLK cycles.

16 clock cycles (POR reset value).
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.17 Dynamic Memory Load Mode register to Active Command Time

(EMCDynamictMRD - 0x2009 C058)
The EMCDynamicTMRD register enables you to program the load mode register to active
command time, tMRD. It is recommended that this register is modified during system
initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be
ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode.
This value is normally found in SDRAM data sheets as tMRD, or tRSA. This register is
accessed with one wait state.
Note: This register is used for all four dynamic memory chip selects. Therefore the worst
case value for all of the chip selects must be programmed.
Table 130 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicTMRD register.
Table 130. Dynamic Memory Load Mode register to Active Command Time (EMCDynamictMRD - address
0x2009 C058) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

3:0

Load mode register to active 0x0 command time (tMRD)

0xE

31:4

0xF

Reset
Value

n + 1 clock cycles. The delay is in CCLK cycles.

0xF

16 clock cycles (POR reset value).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.18 Static Memory Extended Wait register (EMCStaticExtendedWait 0x2009 C080)

ExtendedWait (EW) bit in the EMCStaticConfig register is set. It is recommended that this
register is modified during system initialization, or when there are no current or
outstanding transactions. However, if necessary, these control bits can be altered during
normal operation. This register is accessed with one wait state.
Table 131 shows the bit assignments for the EMCStaticExtendedWait registers.
Table 131. Static Memory Extended Wait register (EMCStaticExtendedWait - address 0x2009 C080) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

9:0

Extended wait time out

(EXTENDEDWAIT)

0x0

16 clock cycles (POR reset value). The delay is in CCLK cycles.

0x1

(n+1) x16 clock cycles.

31:10 -

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Reset
Value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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For example, for a static memory read/write transfer time of 16 s, and a CCLK frequency
of 50 MHz, the following value must be programmed into this register: (16 x 10-6 x 50 x
106) / 16 - 1 = 49

10.12.19 Dynamic Memory Configuration registers (EMCDynamicConfig0-3 0x2009 C100, 120, 140, 160)
The EMCDynamicConfig0-3 registers enable you to program the configuration information
for the relevant dynamic memory chip select. These registers are normally only modified
during system initialization. These registers are accessed with one wait state.
Table 132 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicConfig0-3 registers.
Table 132. Dynamic Memory Configuration registers (EMCDynamicConfig0-3 - address 0x2009 C100, 0x2009 C120,
0x2009 C140, 0x2009 C160) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

2:0

4:3

Memory device (MD)

00

Reset
Value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

SDRAM (POR reset value).

00

01

Low-power SDRAM.

1x

Reserved.

6:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

12:7

Address mapping (AM)

See Table 133

000000 = reset

value.[1]

13

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

14

Address mapping (AM)

See Table 133

0 = reset value.

18:15 19
20

Buffer enable (B)

Write protect (P)

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Buffer disabled for accesses to this chip select (POR reset value).

Buffer enabled for accesses to this chip select.[2]

Writes not protected (POR reset value).

Writes protected.

31:21 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

[1]

The SDRAM column and row width and number of banks are computed automatically from the address
mapping.

[2]

The buffers must be disabled during SDRAM initialization. The buffers must be enabled during normal
operation.

Address mappings that are not shown in Table 133 are reserved.
Table 133. Address mapping
14

12

11:9 8:7

Description

16 bit external bus address mapping (Row, Bank, Column)

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000

00

16 Mb (2Mx8), 2 banks, row length = 11, column length = 9

000

01

16 Mb (1Mx16), 2 banks, row length = 11, column length = 8

001

00

64 Mb (8Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 9

001

01

64 Mb (4Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 8

010

00

128 Mb (16Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 10

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Table 133. Address mapping

14

12

11:9 8:7

Description

010

01

128 Mb (8Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 9

011

00

256 Mb (32Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 10

011

01

256 Mb (16Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 9

100

00

512 Mb (64Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 11

100

01

512 Mb (32Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 10

16 bit external bus address mapping (Bank, Row, Column)

0

000

00

16 Mb (2Mx8), 2 banks, row length = 11, column length = 9

000

01

16 Mb (1Mx16), 2 banks, row length = 11, column length = 8

001

00

64 Mb (8Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 9

001

01

64 Mb (4Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 8

010

00

128 Mb (16Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 10

010

01

128 Mb (8Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 9

011

00

256 Mb (32Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 10

011

01

256 Mb (16Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 9

100

00

512 Mb (64Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 11

100

01

512 Mb (32Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 10

32 bit external bus address mapping (Row, Bank, Column)

1

000

00

16 Mb (2Mx8), 2 banks, row length = 11, column length = 9

000

01

16 Mb (1Mx16), 2 banks, row length = 11, column length = 8

001

00

64 Mb (8Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 9

001

01

64 Mb (4Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 8

001

10

64 Mb (2Mx32), 4 banks, row length = 11, column length = 8

010

00

128 Mb (16Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 10

010

01

128 Mb (8Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 9

010

10

128 Mb (4Mx32), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 8

011

00

256 Mb (32Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 10

011

01

256 Mb (16Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 9

011

10

256 Mb (8Mx32), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 8

100

00

512 Mb (64Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 11

100

01

512 Mb (32Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 10

32 bit external bus address mapping (Bank, Row, Column)

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000

00

16 Mb (2Mx8), 2 banks, row length = 11, column length = 9

000

01

16 Mb (1Mx16), 2 banks, row length = 11, column length = 8

001

00

64 Mb (8Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 9

001

01

64 Mb (4Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 8

001

10

64 Mb (2Mx32), 4 banks, row length = 11, column length = 8

010

00

128 Mb (16Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 10

010

01

128 Mb (8Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 9

010

10

128 Mb (4Mx32), 4 banks, row length = 12, column length = 8

011

00

256 Mb (32Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 10

011

01

256 Mb (16Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 9

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Table 133. Address mapping

14

12

11:9 8:7

Description

011

10

256 Mb (8Mx32), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 8

100

00

512 Mb (64Mx8), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 11

100

01

512 Mb (32Mx16), 4 banks, row length = 13, column length = 10

A chip select can be connected to a single memory device, in this case the chip select
data bus width is the same as the device width. Alternatively the chip select can be
connected to a number of external devices. In this case the chip select data bus width is
the sum of the memory device data bus widths.
For example, for a chip select connected to:

a 32 bit wide memory device, choose a 32 bit wide address mapping.

a 16 bit wide memory device, choose a 16 bit wide address mapping.
four x 8 bit wide memory devices, choose a 32 bit wide address mapping.
two x 8 bit wide memory devices, choose a 16 bit wide address mapping.

The SDRAM bank select pins BA1 and BA0 are connected to address lines A14 and A13,
respectively.

10.12.20 Dynamic Memory RAS & CAS Delay registers

(EMCDynamicRASCAS0-3 - 0x2009 C104, 124, 144, 164)
The EMCDynamicRasCas0-3 registers enable you to program the RAS and CAS
latencies for the relevant dynamic memory. It is recommended that these registers are
modified during system initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding
transactions. This can be ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering
low-power, or disabled mode. These registers are accessed with one wait state.
Note: The values programmed into these registers must be consistent with the values
used to initialize the SDRAM memory device.
Table 134 shows the bit assignments for the EMCDynamicRasCas0-3 registers.
Table 134. Dynamic Memory RAS & CAS Delay registers (EMCDynamicRasCas0-3 - address 0x2009 C104,
0x2009 C124, 0x2009 C144, 0x2009 C164) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

1:0

RAS latency (active to

read/write delay) (RAS)

00

11

7:2

9:8

CAS latency (CAS)

31:10 -

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Reserved.

01

One CCLK cycle.

10

Two CCLK cycles.

11

Three CCLK cycles (POR reset value).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

00

Reserved.

11

01

One CCLK cycle.

10

Two CCLK cycles.

11

Three CCLK cycles (POR reset value).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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10.12.21 Static Memory Configuration registers (EMCStaticConfig0-3 0x2009 C200, 220, 240, 260)
The EMCStaticConfig0-3 registers configure the static memory configuration. It is
recommended that these registers are modified during system initialization, or when there
are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be ensured by waiting until the EMC
is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode. These registers are accessed with
one wait state.
Table 135 shows the bit assignments for the EMCStaticConfig0-3 registers. Note that
synchronous burst mode memory devices are not supported.
Table 135. Static Memory Configuration registers (EMCStaticConfig0-3 - address 0x2009 C200, 0x2009 C220,
0x2009 C240, 0x2009 C260) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

1:0

Memory width (MW)

00

8 bit (POR reset value).

01

16 bit.

10

32 bit.

11

Reserved.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Page mode (PM)

In page mode the EMC can burst up to four external accesses. Therefore
devices with asynchronous page mode burst four or higher devices are
supported. Asynchronous page mode burst two devices are not supported
and must be accessed normally.

Disabled (POR reset value).

Asynchronous page mode enabled (page length four).

5:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Chip select polarity

(PC)

The value of the chip select polarity on power-on reset is 0.

Active LOW chip select.

Active HIGH chip select.

0
The byte lane state bit, PB, enables different types of memory to be
connected. For byte-wide static memories the BLS3:0 signal from the EMC is
usually connected to WE (write enable). In this case for reads all the BLS3:0
bits must be HIGH. This means that the byte lane state (PB) bit must be LOW.

Byte lane state (PB)

16 bit wide static memory devices usually have the BLS3:0 signals connected
to the UBn and LBn (upper byte and lower byte) signals in the static memory.
In this case a write to a particular byte must assert the appropriate UBn or LBn
signal LOW. For reads, all the UB and LB signals must be asserted LOW so
that the bus is driven. In this case the byte lane state (PB) bit must be HIGH.

18:9

For reads all the bits in BLS3:0 are HIGH. For writes the respective active bits
in BLS3:0 are LOW (POR reset value).

For reads the respective active bits in BLS3:0 are LOW. For writes the
respective active bits in BLS3:0 are LOW.

Extended wait (EW)

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Extended wait (EW) uses the EMCStaticExtendedWait register to time both

the read and write transfers rather than the EMCStaticWaitRd and
EMCStaticWaitWr registers. This enables much longer transactions.[1]
0

Extended wait disabled (POR reset value).

Extended wait enabled.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.
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Table 135. Static Memory Configuration registers (EMCStaticConfig0-3 - address 0x2009 C200, 0x2009 C220,
0x2009 C240, 0x2009 C260) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

19

Buffer enable (B)[2]

Buffer disabled (POR reset value).

Buffer enabled.

Writes not protected (POR reset value).

Write protected.

20

Write protect (P)

31:21 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

Extended wait and page mode cannot be selected simultaneously.

[2]

EMC may perform burst read access even when the buffer enable bit is cleared.

NA

10.12.22 Static Memory Write Enable Delay registers (EMCStaticWaitWen0-3 0x2009 C204, 224, 244, 264)
The EMCStaticWaitWen0-3 registers enable you to program the delay from the chip select
to the write enable. It is recommended that these registers are modified during system
initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be
ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode.
These registers are accessed with one wait state.
Table 136 shows the bit assignments for the EMCStaticWaitWen0-3 registers.
Table 136. Static Memory Write Enable Delay registers (EMCStaticWaitWen0-3 - address 0x2009 C204,0x2009 C224,
0x2009 C244, 0x2009 C264) bit description
Bit

Symbol

3:0

Wait write enable

(WAITWEN)

Value

0x0

Description

Reset
Value

Delay from chip select assertion to write enable.

0x0

One CCLK cycle delay between assertion of chip select and write enable
(POR reset value).

0x1 - 0xF (n + 1) CCLK cycle delay. The delay is (WAITWEN +1) x tCCLK.
31:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.23 Static Memory Output Enable Delay registers (EMCStaticWaitOen0-3 0x2009 C208, 228, 248, 268)
The EMCStaticWaitOen0-3 registers enable you to program the delay from the chip select
or address change, whichever is later, to the output enable. It is recommended that these
registers are modified during system initialization, or when there are no current or
outstanding transactions. This can be ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then
entering low-power, or disabled mode. These registers are accessed with one wait state.
Table 137 shows the bit assignments for the EMCStaticWaitOen0-3 registers.

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Table 137. Static Memory Output Enable delay registers (EMCStaticWaitOen03 - address 0x2009 C208, 0x2009 C228,
0x2009 C248, 0x2009 C268) bit description
Bit

Symbol

3:0

Wait output enable

(WAITOEN)

31:4

Value Description

Reset
Value

Delay from chip select assertion to output enable.

0x0

No delay (POR reset value).

0x1 0xF

n cycle delay. The delay is WAITOEN x tCCLK.

0x0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.24 Static Memory Read Delay registers (EMCStaticWaitRd0-3 0x2009 C20C, 22C, 24C, 26C)
The EMCStaticWaitRd0-3 registers enable you to program the delay from the chip select
to the read access. It is recommended that these registers are modified during system
initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be
ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode. It
is not used if the extended wait bit is enabled in the EMCStaticConfig0-3 registers. These
registers are accessed with one wait state.
Table 138 shows the bit assignments for the EMCStaticWaitRd0-3 registers.
Table 138. Static Memory Read Delay registers (EMCStaticWaitRd0-3 - address 0x2009 C20C, 0x2009 C22C,
0x2009 C24C, 0x2009 C26C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

4:0

Non-page mode read wait

states or asynchronous page
mode read first access wait
state (WAITRD)

31:5

Value Description

Reset
Value

Non-page mode read or asynchronous page mode read, first read

only:
0x0 0x1E

(n + 1) CCLK cycles for read accesses. For non-sequential reads,

the wait state time is (WAITRD + 1) x tCCLK.

0x1F

32 CCLK cycles for read accesses (POR reset value).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0x1F

NA

10.12.25 Static Memory Page Mode Read Delay registers

(EMCStaticwaitPage0-3 - 0x2009 C210, 230, 250, 270)
The EMCStaticWaitPage0-3 registers enable you to program the delay for asynchronous
page mode sequential accesses. It is recommended that these registers are modified
during system initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This
can be ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled
mode. This register is accessed with one wait state.
Table 139 shows the bit assignments for the EMCStaticWaitPage0-3 registers.

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Table 139. Static Memory Page Mode Read Delay registers0-3 (EMCStaticWaitPage0-3 - address 0x2009 C210,
0x2009 C230, 0x2009 C250, 0x2009 C270) bit description
Bit

Symbol

4:0

Asynchronous page mode

read after the first read wait
states (WAITPAGE)

31:5

Value Description

Reset
Value

Number of wait states for asynchronous page mode read accesses

after the first read:

0x1F

0x0 0x1E

(n+ 1) CCLK cycle read access time. For asynchronous page mode
read for sequential reads, the wait state time for page mode accesses
after the first read is (WAITPAGE + 1) x tCCLK.

0x1F

32 CCLK cycle read access time (POR reset value).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.26 Static Memory Write Delay registers (EMCStaticWaitWr0-3 0x2009 C214, 234, 254, 274)
The EMCStaticWaitWr0-3 registers enable you to program the delay from the chip select
to the write access. It is recommended that these registers are modified during system
initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be
ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled
mode.These registers are not used if the extended wait (EW) bit is enabled in the
EMCStaticConfig register. These registers are accessed with one wait state.
Table 140 shows the bit assignments for the EMCStaticWaitWr0-3 registers.
Table 140. Static Memory Write Delay registers0-3 (EMCStaticWaitWr - address 0x2009 C214, 0x2009 C234,
0x2009 C254, 0x2009 C274) bit description
Bit

Symbol

4:0

Write wait states

(WAITWR)

31:5

Value Description

Reset
Value

SRAM wait state time for write accesses after the first read:

0x1F

0x0 0x1E

(n + 2) CCLK cycle write access time. The wait state time for write accesses after
the first read is WAITWR (n + 2) x tCCLK.

0x1F

33 CCLK cycle write access time (POR reset value).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10.12.27 Static Memory Turn Round Delay registers (EMCStaticWaitTurn0-3 0x2009 C218, 238, 258, 278)
The EMCStaticWaitTurn0-3 registers enable you to program the number of bus
turnaround cycles. It is recommended that these registers are modified during system
initialization, or when there are no current or outstanding transactions. This can be
ensured by waiting until the EMC is idle, and then entering low-power, or disabled mode.
These registers are accessed with one wait state.
Table 141 shows the bit assignments for the EMCStaticWaitTurn0-3 registers.

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Table 141. Static Memory Turn Round Delay registers0-3 (EMCStaticWaitTurn0-3 - address 0x2009 C218,
0x2009 C238, 0x2009 C258, 0x2009 C278) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Reset Value

3:0

Bus turnaround cycles

(WAITTURN)

0x0

Reserved, do not use this value.

0xF

0x1 0xE

(n + 1) CCLK turnaround cycles. Bus turnaround time is

(WAITTURN + 1) x tCCLK.

0xF
31:4

16 CCLK turnaround cycles (POR reset value).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

To prevent bus contention on the external memory data bus, the WAITTURN field controls
the number of bus turnaround cycles added between static memory read and write
accesses. The WAITTURN field also controls the number of turnaround cycles between
static memory and dynamic memory accesses.

10.12.28 Delay Control register (EMCDLYCTL - 0x400F C1DC)

The EMCDLYCTL register controls on-chip programmable delays that can b used to fine
tune timing to external SDRAM memories. Delays can be configured in increments of
approximately 250 picoseconds up to a maximum of roughly 7.75 ns. See Section 10.5.6
for an overview of the programmable delays. Figure 14 shows the detailed connections of
the programmable delays. Table 142 shows the bit assignments in EMCDLYCTL.

100811

programmable delay block

4 ns

2 ns

1 ns

0.5 ns

0.25 ns

emc_clk

EMCCLKDELAY

EMCDELAYCTL[4:0]

CLKOUT[0] or CLKOUT[1]

programmable delay block

FBCLKIN

programmable delay block

EMC_CLKOUT[0]

programmable delay block

EMC_CLKOUT[1]

EMCDELAYCTL[12:8]

CLKOUT[0]
EMCDELAYCTL[20:16]

CLKOUT[1]
EMCDELAYCTL[28:24]

Fig 14. EMC programmable delays

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Table 142. Delay Control register (EMCDLYCTL - 0x400F C1DC) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

4:0

CMDDLY

Programmable delay value for EMC outputs in command delayed mode. See
Section 10.12.6. The delay amount is roughly (CMDDLY+1) * 250 picoseconds.

0x10

7:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

12:8

FBCLKDLY

Programmable delay value for the feedback clock that controls input data sampling. See
Section 10.5.3. The delay amount is roughly (FBCLKDLY+1) * 250 picoseconds.

0x02

15:13 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

20:16 CLKOUT0DLY

Programmable delay value for the CLKOUT0 output. This would typically be used in clock 0
delayed mode. See Section 10.12.6 The delay amount is roughly (CLKOUT0DLY+1) *
250 picoseconds.

23:21 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

28:24 CLKOUT1DLY

Programmable delay value for the CLKOUT1 output. This would typically be used in clock 0
delayed mode. See Section 10.12.6 The delay amount is roughly (CLKOUT1DLY+1) *
250 picoseconds.

31:29 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

NA

10.12.29 EMC Calibration register (EMCCAL - 0x400F C1E0)

The EMCCAL register allows calibration of the EMC programmable delays by providing a
real-time representation of the value of those delays. Delay settings that are in use in the
application can be calibrated to compensate for intrinsic differences between devices, and
for changes in ambient conditions. Figure 15 below shows the delay calibration circuit.
Table 143 shows the bit assignments in EMCCAL.

EMCCAL register
31

16

(reserved)

15

14

Done Start

13

8 7

(reserved)

0
CALVALUE

clear
enable

control

8-bit counter
overflow

clear
enable

5-bit counter

~50 MHz
(varies with process,
voltage, and temperature)

ring
oscillator

IRC reference clock

(factory calibrated to 12 MHz)
100813

Fig 15. EMC delay calibration

Table 143. EMC Calibration register (EMCCAL - 0x400F C1E0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

7:0

CALVALUE

Returns the count of the approximately 50 MHz ring oscillator that occur during 32 clocks of
the IRC oscillator. This represents the composite effect of processing variation, internal
regulator supply voltage, and ambient temperature.

13:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

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Table 143. EMC Calibration register (EMCCAL - 0x400F C1E0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

14

START

Start control bit for the EMC calibration counter. Writing a 1 to this bit begins the measurement 0
process. This bit is cleared automatically when the measurement is complete.

15

DONE

Measurement completion flag. this bit is set when a calibration measurement is completed.
This bit is cleared automatically when the START bit is set.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:16 -

Reset
Value

Procedure for calibrating programmable delays

1. Write 1 to the START bit of the EMCCAL register.

2. Wait until the DONE bit of the same register becomes 1. Other operations can be
done during this time, the calibration requires 32 clocks of the 12 MHz IRC clock, or
about 2.7 microseconds.
3. Read the calibration value from the bottom 8 bits of the EMCCAL register. A typical
value at room temperature is 0x86.
4. Adjust one or more programmable delays if needed based on the calibration result.
The calibration procedure should typically be repeated periodically, depending on how
rapidly ambient conditions may change in the application environment.

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Chapter 10: LPC178x/7x External Memory Controller (EMC)

10.13 External memory interface

External memory interfacing depends on the bank width (32, 16 or 8 bit selected via MW
bits in corresponding EMCStaticConfig register).
If a memory bank is configured to be 32 bits wide, address lines A0 and A1 can be used
as non-address lines. If a memory bank is configured to 16 bits wide, A0 is not required.
However, 8 bit wide memory banks do require all address lines down to A0. Configuring
the A1 and/or A0 lines to provide address or non-address function is accomplished using
the IOCON registers (see Section 8.4.1).
Symbol "a_b" in the following figures refers to the highest order address line in the data
bus. Symbol "a_m" refers to the highest order address line of the memory chip used in the
external memory interface.
If the external memory is used as external boot memory for flashless devices, refer to
Section 7.2 on how to connect the EMC. Also see Section 7.2 Boot control. The memory
bank width for memory banks 1 and 2 is determined by the setting of the two BOOT1/0
pins.

10.13.1 32-bit wide memory bank connection

CS
OE

BLS[3]
D[31:24]

CE
OE
WE

BLS[2]

IO[7:0]
A[a_m:0]

D[23:16]

CE
OE
WE
IO[7:0]
A[a_m:0]

BLS[1]
D[15:8]

CE
OE
WE
IO[7:0]
A[a_m:0]

BLS[0]
D[7:0]

CE
OE
WE
IO[7:0]
A[a_m:0]

A[a_b:2]

a. 32 bit wide memory bank interfaced to four 8 bit memory chips

CS
OE
WE

BLS[3]
BLS[2]
D[31:16]

CE
OE
WE
UB
LB
IO[15:0]
A[a_m:0]

BLS[1]
BLS[0]
D[15:0]

CE
OE
WE
UB
LB
IO[15:0]
A[a_m:0]

A[a_b:2]

b. 32 bit wide memory bank interfaced to two 16 bit memory chips

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CS
OE
WE

BLS[3]
BLS[2]
BLS[1]
BLS[0]
D[31:0]

CE
OE
WE
B3
B2
B1
B0
IO[31:0]
A[a_m:0]

A[a_b:2]

c. 32 bit wide memory bank interfaced to one 8 bit memory chip

Fig 16. 32 bit bank external memory interfaces ( bits MW = 10)

10.13.2 16-bit wide memory bank connection

CS
OE
CE
OE
WE

BLS[1]

BLS[0]

IO[7:0]
A[a_m:0]

D[15:8]

D[7:0]

CE
OE
WE
IO[7:0]
A[a_m:0]

A[a_b:1]

a. 16 bit wide memory bank interfaced to two 8 bit memory chips

CS
OE
WE

BLS[1]
BLS[0]
D[15:0]

CE
OE
WE
UB
LB
IO[15:0]
A[a_m:0]

A[a_b:1]

b. 16 bit wide memory bank interfaced to a 16 bit memory chip

Fig 17. 16 bit bank external memory interfaces (bits MW = 01)

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10.13.3 8-bit wide memory bank connection

CS
OE
CE
OE
WE
D[7:0]

WE
IO[7:0]
A[a_m:0]

A[a_b:0]

Fig 18. 8 bit bank external memory interface (bits MW = 00)

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10.13.4 Memory configuration example

A[20:0]

A[20:0]

D[31:0]

A[20:0]

Q[31:0]

D[31:0]

nCE

CS0

nOE

OE

2Mx32 Burst Mask ROM

A[15:0]

D[31:16]

A[15:0]
CS1

IO[15:0]

nCE
nOE
nWE

WE

nUB
nLB
A[15:0]

D[15:0]

A[15:0]

IO[15:0]

nCE
nOE
nWE
nUB
nLB
64Kx16 SRAM, two off
D[31:24]

A[16:0]

A[16:0]
CS2

IO[7:0]

nCE
nOE

BLS3

nWE
D[23:16]

A[16:0]

A[16:0]

IO[7:0]

nCE
nOE
BLS2

nWE
D[15:8]

A[16:0]

A[16:0]

IO[7:0]

nCE
nOE
BLS1

nWE
D[7:0]

A[16:0]

A[16:0]

IO[7:0]

nCE
nOE
BLS0

nWE
128Kx8 SRAM, four off

Fig 19. Typical memory configuration diagram

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11.1 Basic configuration

The Ethernet controller is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCENET.
Remark: On reset, the Ethernet block is disabled (PCENET = 0).

2. Clock: See Table 30.

3. Pins: Enable Ethernet pins and select their modes through the IOCON registers, see
Section 8.4.1.
4. Wake-up: Activity on the Ethernet port can wake up the microcontroller from
Power-down mode, see Section 4.7.9.
5. Interrupts: Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set
Enable register.
6. Initialization: See Section 11.17.2.

11.2 Introduction
The Ethernet block contains a full featured 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps Ethernet MAC (Media
Access Controller) designed to provide optimized performance through the use of DMA
hardware acceleration. Features include a generous suite of control registers, half or full
duplex operation, flow control, control frames, hardware acceleration for transmit retry,
receive packet filtering and wake-up on LAN activity. Automatic frame transmission and
reception with Scatter-Gather DMA off-loads many operations from the CPU.
The Ethernet block is an AHB master that drives the AHB bus matrix. Through the matrix,
it has access to all on-chip RAM memories. A recommended use of RAM by the Ethernet
is to use one of the RAM blocks exclusively for Ethernet traffic. That RAM would then be
accessed only by the Ethernet and the CPU, and possibly the GPDMA, giving maximum
bandwidth to the Ethernet function.
The Ethernet block interfaces between an off-chip Ethernet PHY using the MII (Media
Independent Interface) or RMII (reduced MII) protocol and the on-chip MIIM (Media
Independent Interface Management) serial bus, also referred to as MDIO (Management
Data Input/Output).
Table 144. Ethernet acronyms, abbreviations, and definitions
Acronym or Abbreviation Definition

AHB

Advanced High-performance bus

CRC

Cyclic Redundancy Check

DMA

Direct Memory Access

Double-word

64-bit entity

FCS

Frame Check Sequence (CRC)

Fragment

A (part of an) Ethernet frame; one or multiple fragments can add up to a single Ethernet frame.

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Table 144. Ethernet acronyms, abbreviations, and definitions

Acronym or Abbreviation Definition

Frame

An Ethernet frame consists of destination address, source address, length type field, payload
and frame check sequence.

Half-word

16-bit entity

LAN

Local Area Network

MAC

Media Access Control sublayer

MII

Media Independent Interface

MIIM

MII management

Octet

An 8-bit data entity, used in lieu of "byte" by IEEE 802.3

Packet

A frame that is transported across Ethernet; a packet consists of a preamble, a start of frame
delimiter and an Ethernet frame.

PHY

Ethernet Physical Layer

RMII

Reduced MII

Rx

Receive

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. The most common high-level protocol used
with Ethernet.

Tx

Transmit

VLAN

Virtual LAN

WoL

Wake-up on LAN

Word

32-bit entity

11.3 Features
Ethernet standards support:
Supports 10 or 100 Mbps PHY devices including 10 Base-T, 100 Base-TX,
100 Base-FX, and 100 Base-T4.
Fully compliant with IEEE standard 802.3.
Fully compliant with 802.3x Full Duplex Flow Control and Half Duplex back
pressure.
Flexible transmit and receive frame options.
VLAN frame support.

Memory management:
Independent transmit and receive buffers memory mapped to shared SRAM.
DMA managers with scatter/gather DMA and arrays of frame descriptors.
Memory traffic optimized by buffering and prefetching.

Enhanced Ethernet features:

Receive filtering.
Multicast and broadcast frame support for both transmit and receive.
Optional automatic FCS insertion (CRC) for transmit.
Selectable automatic transmit frame padding.
Over-length frame support for both transmit and receive allows any length frames.
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Promiscuous receive mode.

Automatic collision backoff and frame retransmission.
Includes power management by clock switching.
Wake-on-LAN power management support allows system wake-up: using the
receive filters or a magic frame detection filter.

Physical interface:
Attachment of external PHY chip through standard Media Independent Interface
(MII) or standard Reduced MII (RMII) interface, software selectable.
PHY register access is available via the Media Independent Interface Management
(MIIM) interface.

11.4 Architecture and operation

TRANSMIT
DMA

TRANSMIT
RETRY

RECEIVE
DMA

RECEIVE
BUFFER

R MII A DAP TER

TRANSMIT
FLOW
CONTROL
ETH ER N ET MAC

HOST
REGISTERS

RMII

ET HE RN ET PHY

DMA interface
(AHB master)

BU S
IN TER F ACE

register
interface (AHB
slave)

BUS IN T ERF AC E

AH B BU S

Figure 20 shows the internal architecture of the Ethernet block.

MIIM
RECEIVE
FILTER
ETHERNET
BLOCK

Fig 20. Ethernet block diagram

The block diagram for the Ethernet block consists of:

The host registers module containing the registers in the software view and handling
AHB accesses to the Ethernet block. The host registers connect to the transmit and
receive data path as well as the MAC.

The DMA to AHB interface. This provides an AHB master connection that allows the
Ethernet block to access on-chip SRAM for reading of descriptors, writing of status,
and reading and writing data buffers.

The Ethernet MAC, which interfaces to the off-chip PHY via an MII or RMII interface.
The transmit data path, including:

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The transmit DMA manager which reads descriptors and data from memory and
writes status to memory.
The transmit retry module handling Ethernet retry and abort situations.
The transmit flow control module which can insert Ethernet pause frames.

The receive data path, including:

The receive DMA manager which reads descriptors from memory and writes data
and status to memory.
The Ethernet MAC which detects frame types by parsing part of the frame header.
The receive filter which can filter out certain Ethernet frames by applying different
filtering schemes.
The receive buffer implementing a delay for receive frames to allow the filter to
filter out certain frames before storing them to memory.

11.5 DMA engine functions

The Ethernet block is designed to provide optimized performance via DMA hardware
acceleration. Independent scatter/gather DMA engines connected to the AHB bus off-load
many data transfers from the CPU.
Descriptors, which are stored in memory, contain information about fragments of incoming
or outgoing Ethernet frames. A fragment may be an entire frame or a much smaller
amount of data. Each descriptor contains a pointer to a memory buffer that holds data
associated with a fragment, the size of the fragment buffer, and details of how the
fragment will be transmitted or received.
Descriptors are stored in arrays in memory, which are located by pointer registers in the
Ethernet block. Other registers determine the size of the arrays, point to the next
descriptor in each array that will be used by the DMA engine, and point to the next
descriptor in each array that will be used by the Ethernet device driver.

11.6 Overview of DMA operation

The DMA engine makes use of a Receive descriptor array and a Transmit descriptor array
in memory. All or part of an Ethernet frame may be contained in a memory buffer
associated with a descriptor. When transmitting, the transmit DMA engine uses as many
descriptors as needed (one or more) to obtain (gather) all of the parts of a frame, and
sends them out in sequence. When receiving, the receive DMA engine also uses as many
descriptors as needed (one or more) to find places to store (scatter) all of the data in the
received frame.
The base address registers for the descriptor array, registers indicating the number of
descriptor array entries, and descriptor array input/output pointers are contained in the
Ethernet block. The descriptor entries and all transmit and receive packet data are stored
in memory which is not a part of the Ethernet block. The descriptor entries tell where
related frame data is stored in memory, certain aspects of how the data is handled, and
the result status of each Ethernet transaction.

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Hardware in the DMA engine controls how data incoming from the Ethernet MAC is saved
to memory, causes fragment related status to be saved, and advances the hardware
receive pointer for incoming data. Driver software must handle the disposition of received
data, changing of descriptor data addresses (to avoid unnecessary data movement), and
advancing the software receive pointer. The two pointers create a circular queue in the
descriptor array and allow both the DMA hardware and the driver software to know which
descriptors (if any) are available for their use, including whether the descriptor array is
empty or full.
Similarly, driver software must set up pointers to data that will be transmitted by the
Ethernet MAC, giving instructions for each fragment of data, and advancing the software
transmit pointer for outgoing data. Hardware in the DMA engine reads this information and
sends the data to the Ethernet MAC interface when possible, updating the status and
advancing the hardware transmit pointer.

11.7 Ethernet packet

Figure 21 illustrates the different fields in an Ethernet packet.

ethernet packet
PREAMBLE
7 bytes

ETHERNET FRAME

start-of-frame
delimiter
1 byte

DESTINATION
ADDRESS

SOURCE
ADDRESS

OPTIONAL
VLAN

LEN
TYPE

PAYLOAD

DesA
oct6

DesA
oct5

DesA
oct4

DesA
oct3

DesA
oct2

DesA
oct1

SrcA
oct6

SrcA
oct5

LSB
oct(0)

oct(1)

oct(2)

oct(3)

oct(4)

oct(5)

oct(6)

MSB
oct(7)

SrcA
oct4

SrcA
oct3

FCS

SrcA
oct2

SrcA
oct1

time

Fig 21. Ethernet packet fields

A packet consists of a preamble, a start-of-frame delimiter and an Ethernet frame.

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The Ethernet frame consists of the destination address, the source address, an optional
VLAN field, the length/type field, the payload and the frame check sequence.
Each address consists of 6 bytes where each byte consists of 8 bits. Bits are transferred
starting with the least significant bit.

11.8 Overview
11.8.1 Partitioning
The Ethernet block and associated device driver software offer the functionality of the
Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer of the data link layer in the OSI reference model
(see IEEE std 802.3). The MAC sublayer offers the service of transmitting and receiving
frames to the next higher protocol level, the MAC client layer, typically the Logical Link
Control sublayer. The device driver software implements the interface to the MAC client
layer. It sets up registers in the Ethernet block, maintains descriptor arrays pointing to
frames in memory and receives results back from the Ethernet block through interrupts.
When a frame is transmitted, the software partially sets up the Ethernet frames by
providing pointers to the destination address field, source address field, the length/type
field, the MAC client data field and optionally the CRC in the frame check sequence field.
Preferably concatenation of frame fields should be done by using the scatter/gather
functionality of the Ethernet core to avoid unnecessary copying of data. The hardware
adds the preamble and start frame delimiter fields and can optionally add the CRC, if
requested by software. When a packet is received the hardware strips the preamble and
start frame delimiter and passes the rest of the packet - the Ethernet frame - to the device
driver, including destination address, source address, length/type field, MAC client data
and frame check sequence (FCS).
Apart from the MAC, the Ethernet block contains receive and transmit DMA managers that
control receive and transmit data streams between the MAC and the AHB interface.
Frames are passed via descriptor arrays located in host memory, so that the hardware
can process many frames without software/CPU support. Frames can consist of multiple
fragments that are accessed with scatter/gather DMA. The DMA managers optimize
memory bandwidth using prefetching and buffering.
A receive filter block is used to identify received frames that are not addressed to this
Ethernet station, so that they can be discarded. The Rx filters include a perfect address
filter and a hash filter.
Wake-on-LAN power management support makes it possible to wake the system up from
a power-down state -a state in which some of the clocks are switched off -when wake-up
frames are received over the LAN. Wake-up frames are recognized by the receive filtering
modules or by a Magic Frame detection technology. System wake-up occurs by triggering
an interrupt.
An interrupt logic block raises and masks interrupts and keeps track of the cause of
interrupts. The interrupt block sends an interrupt request signal to the host system.
Interrupts can be enabled, cleared and set by software.

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Support for IEEE 802.3/clause 31 flow control is implemented in the flow control block.
Receive flow control frames are automatically handled by the MAC. Transmit flow control
frames can be initiated by software. In half duplex mode, the flow control module will
generate back pressure by sending out continuous preamble only, interrupted by pauses
to prevent the jabber limit from being exceeded.
The Ethernet block has both a standard Media Independent Interface (MII) bus and a
Reduced Media Independent Interface (RMII) to connect to an external Ethernet PHY
chip. MII or RMII mode can be selected by the RMII bit in the Command register. The
standard nibble-wide MII interface allows a low speed data connection to the PHY chip:
2.5 MHz at 10 Mbps or 25 MHz at 100 Mbps. The RMII interface allows a low pin count
double clock data connection to the PHY. Registers in the PHY chip are accessed via the
AHB interface through the serial management connection of the MIIM bus, typically
operating at 2.5 MHz.

11.8.2 Example PHY Devices

Some examples of compatible PHY devices are shown in Table 145.
Table 145. Example PHY Devices

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Manufacturer

Part Numbers

Broadcom

BCM5221

ICS

ICS1893

Intel

LXT971A

LSI Logic

L80223, L80225, L80227

Micrel

KS8721

National

DP83847, DP83846, DP83843

SMSC

LAN83C185

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11.9 Pin description

Table 146 shows the signals used for connecting the Media Independent Interface (MII),
and Table 147 shows the signals used for connecting the Reduced Media Independent
Interface (RMII) to the external PHY.
Table 146. Ethernet MII pin descriptions
Pin Name

Type

Pin Description

ENET_TX_EN

Output

Transmit data enable, active low.

ENET_TXD3:0

Output

Transmit data, 4 bits.

ENET_TX_ER

Output

Transmit error.

ENET_TX_CLK

Input

Transmitter clock.

ENET_RX_DV

Input

Receive data valid.

ENET_RXD3:0

Input

Receive data, 4 bits.

ENET_RX_ER

Input

Receive error.

ENET_RX_CLK

Input

Receive clock.

ENET_COL

Input

Collision detect.

ENET_CRS

Input

Carrier sense.

Table 147. Ethernet RMII pin descriptions

Pin Name

Type

Pin Description

ENET_TX_EN

Output

Transmit data enable, active low.

ENET_TXD1:0

Output

Transmit data, 2 bits

ENET_RXD1:0

Input

Receive data, 2 bits.

ENET_RX_ER

Input

Receive error.

ENET_CRS

Input

ENET_CRS_DV. Carrier sense/data valid.

ENET_RX_CLK

Input

ENET_REF_CLK. Reference clock.

Table 148 shows the signals used for Media Independent Interface Management (MIIM) to
the external PHY.
Table 148. Ethernet MIIM pin descriptions
Pin Name

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Pin Description

ENET_MDC

Output

MIIM clock.

ENET_MDIO

Input/Output

MI data input and output

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11.10 Registers and software interface

The software interface of the Ethernet block consists of a register view and the format
definitions for the transmit and receive descriptors. These two aspects are addressed in
the next two subsections.

11.10.1 Register map

Table 149 lists the registers, register addresses and other basic information. The total
AHB address space required is 4 kilobytes.
After a hard reset or a soft reset via the RegReset bit of the Command register all bits in
all registers are reset to 0 unless stated otherwise in the following register descriptions.
Some registers will have unused bits which will return a 0 on a read via the AHB interface.
Writing to unused register bits of an otherwise writable register will not have side effects.
The register map consists of registers in the Ethernet MAC and registers around the core
for controlling DMA transfers, flow control and filtering.
Reading from reserved addresses or reserved bits leads to unpredictable data. Writing to
reserved addresses or reserved bits has no effect.
Reading of write-only registers will return a read error on the AHB interface. Writing of
read-only registers will return a write error on the AHB interface.
Table 149. Ethernet register descriptions
Name

Description

Access

Reset Value

Address

Table

MAC registers

MAC1

MAC configuration register 1.

R/W

0x8000

0x2008 4000

150

MAC2

MAC configuration register 2.

R/W

0x2008 4004

151

IPGT

Back-to-Back Inter-Packet-Gap register.

R/W

0x2008 4008

153

IPGR

Non Back-to-Back Inter-Packet-Gap register.

R/W

0x2008 400C

154

CLRT

Collision window / Retry register.

R/W

0x370F

0x2008 4010

155

MAXF

Maximum Frame register.

R/W

0x0600

0x2008 4014

156

SUPP

PHY Support register.

R/W

0x2008 4018

157

TEST

Test register.

R/W

0x2008 401C

158

MCFG

MII Mgmt Configuration register.

R/W

0x2008 4020

159

MCMD

MII Mgmt Command register.

R/W

0x2008 4024

161

MADR

MII Mgmt Address register.

R/W

0x2008 4028

162

MWTD

MII Mgmt Write Data register.

WO

0x2008 402C

163

MRDD

MII Mgmt Read Data register.

RO

0x2008 4030

164

MIND

MII Mgmt Indicators register.

RO

0x2008 4034

165

SA0

Station Address 0 register.

R/W

0x2008 4040

166

SA1

Station Address 1 register.

R/W

0x2008 4044

167

SA2

Station Address 2 register.

R/W

0x2008 4048

168

Command register.

R/W

0x2008 4100

169

Control registers

Command

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Table 149. Ethernet register descriptions

Name

Description

Access

Reset Value

Address

Table

Status

Status register.

RO

0x2008 4104

170

RxDescriptor

Receive descriptor base address register.

R/W

0x2008 4108

171

RxStatus

Receive status base address register.

R/W

0x2008 410C

172

RxDescriptorNumber

Receive number of descriptors register.

R/W

0x2008 4110

173

RxProduceIndex

Receive produce index register.

RO

0x2008 4114

174

RxConsumeIndex

Receive consume index register.

R/W

0x2008 4118

175

TxDescriptor

Transmit descriptor base address register.

R/W

0x2008 411C

176

TxStatus

Transmit status base address register.

R/W

0x2008 4120

177

TxDescriptorNumber

Transmit number of descriptors register.

R/W

0x2008 4124

178

TxProduceIndex

Transmit produce index register.

R/W

0x2008 4128

179

TxConsumeIndex

Transmit consume index register.

RO

0x2008 412C

180

TSV0

Transmit status vector 0 register.

RO

0x2008 4158

181

TSV1

Transmit status vector 1 register.

RO

0x2008 415C

182

RSV

Receive status vector register.

RO

0x2008 4160

183

FlowControlCounter

Flow control counter register.

R/W

0x2008 4170

184

FlowControlStatus

Flow control status register.

RO

0x2008 4174

185

RxFilterCtrl

Receive filter control register.

R/W

0x2008 4200

186

RxFilterWoLStatus

Receive filter WoL status register.

RO

0x2008 4204

187

RxFilterWoLClear

Receive filter WoL clear register.

WO

0x2008 4208

188

HashFilterL

Hash filter table LSBs register.

R/W

0x2008 4210

189

HashFilterH

Hash filter table MSBs register.

R/W

0x2008 4214

190

Rx filter registers

Module control registers

IntStatus

Interrupt status register.

RO

0x2008 4FE0

191

IntEnable

Interrupt enable register.

R/W

0x2008 4FE4

192

IntClear

Interrupt clear register.

WO

0x2008 4FE8

193

IntSet

Interrupt set register.

WO

0x2008 4FEC

194

PowerDown

Power-down register.

R/W

0x2008 4FF4

195

The third column in the table lists the accessibility of the register: read-only, write-only,
read/write.
All AHB register write transactions except for accesses to the interrupt registers are
posted i.e. the AHB transaction will complete before write data is actually committed to the
register. Accesses to the interrupt registers will only be completed by accepting the write
data when the data has been committed to the register.

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11.11 Ethernet MAC register definitions

This section defines the bits in the individual registers of the Ethernet block register map.

11.11.1 MAC Configuration Register 1 (MAC1 - 0x2008 4000)

The MAC configuration register 1 (MAC1) has an address of 0x2008 4000. Its bit
definition is shown in Table 150.
Table 150. MAC Configuration register 1 (MAC1 - address 0x2008 4000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

RECEIVE ENABLE

Set this to allow receive frames to be received. Internally the MAC synchronizes this 0
control bit to the incoming receive stream.

PASS ALL RECEIVE

FRAMES

When enabled (set to "1"), the MAC will pass all frames regardless of type (normal
vs. Control). When disabled, the MAC does not pass valid Control frames.

RX FLOW CONTROL When enabled (set to "1"), the MAC acts upon received PAUSE Flow Control
frames. When disabled, received PAUSE Flow Control frames are ignored.

TX FLOW CONTROL

When enabled (set to "1"), PAUSE Flow Control frames are allowed to be
transmitted. When disabled, Flow Control frames are blocked.

LOOPBACK

Setting this bit will cause the MAC Transmit interface to be looped back to the MAC 0
Receive interface. Clearing this bit results in normal operation.

7:5

Unused

0x0

RESET TX

Setting this bit will put the Transmit Function logic in reset.

RESET MCS / TX

Setting this bit resets the MAC Control Sublayer / Transmit logic. The MCS logic
implements flow control.

10

RESET RX

Setting this bit will put the Ethernet receive logic in reset.

11

RESET MCS / RX

Setting this bit resets the MAC Control Sublayer / Receive logic. The MCS logic
implements flow control.

0x0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0x0

13:12 -

Reset
value

14

SIMULATION RESET Setting this bit will cause a reset to the random number generator within the
Transmit Function.

15

SOFT RESET

Setting this bit will put all modules within the MAC in reset except the Host Interface. 1

31:16 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0x0

11.11.2 MAC Configuration Register 2 (MAC2 - 0x2008 4004)

The MAC configuration register 2 (MAC2) has an address of 0x2008 4004. Its bit
definition is shown in Table 151.
Table 151. MAC Configuration register 2 (MAC2 - address 0x2008 4004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

FULL-DUPLEX

When enabled (set to "1"), the MAC operates in Full-Duplex mode. When disabled,
the MAC operates in Half-Duplex mode.

FRAME LENGTH
CHECKING

When enabled (set to "1"), both transmit and receive frame lengths are compared to 0
the Length/Type field. If the Length/Type field represents a length then the check is
performed. Mismatches are reported in the StatusInfo word for each received frame.

HUGE FRAME
ENABLE

When enabled (set to "1"), frames of any length are transmitted and received.

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Table 151. MAC Configuration register 2 (MAC2 - address 0x2008 4004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

DELAYED CRC

This bit determines the number of bytes, if any, of proprietary header information
that exist on the front of IEEE 802.3 frames. When 1, four bytes of header (ignored
by the CRC function) are added. When 0, there is no proprietary header.

CRC ENABLE

Set this bit to append a CRC to every frame whether padding was required or not.
Must be set if PAD/CRC ENABLE is set. Clear this bit if frames presented to the
MAC contain a CRC.

PAD / CRC ENABLE

Set this bit to have the MAC pad all short frames. Clear this bit if frames presented 0
to the MAC have a valid length. This bit is used in conjunction with AUTO PAD
ENABLE and VLAN PAD ENABLE. See Table 153 - Pad Operation for details on the
pad function.

VLAN PAD ENABLE

Set this bit to cause the MAC to pad all short frames to 64 bytes and append a valid 0
CRC. Consult Table 153 - Pad Operation for more information on the various
padding features.
Note: This bit is ignored if PAD / CRC ENABLE is cleared.

AUTO DETECT PAD

ENABLE

Set this bit to cause the MAC to automatically detect the type of frame, either tagged 0
or un-tagged, by comparing the two octets following the source address with
0x8100 (VLAN Protocol ID) and pad accordingly. Table 153 - Pad Operation
provides a description of the pad function based on the configuration of this register.
Note: This bit is ignored if PAD / CRC ENABLE is cleared.

PURE PREAMBLE
ENFORCEMENT

When enabled (set to "1"), the MAC will verify the content of the preamble to ensure 0
it contains 0x55 and is error-free. A packet with an incorrect preamble is discarded.
When disabled, no preamble checking is performed.

LONG PREAMBLE
ENFORCEMENT

When enabled (set to "1"), the MAC only allows receive packets which contain
preamble fields less than 12 bytes in length. When disabled, the MAC allows any
length preamble as per the Standard.

0x0

11:10

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12

NO BACKOFF

When enabled (set to "1"), the MAC will immediately retransmit following a collision 0
rather than using the Binary Exponential Backoff algorithm as specified in the
Standard.

13

BACK PRESSURE /
NO BACKOFF

When enabled (set to "1"), after the MAC incidentally causes a collision during back 0
pressure, it will immediately retransmit without backoff, reducing the chance of
further collisions and ensuring transmit packets get sent.

14

EXCESS DEFER

When enabled (set to "1") the MAC will defer to carrier indefinitely as per the
Standard. When disabled, the MAC will abort when the excessive deferral limit is
reached.

31:15

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0x0

Table 152. Pad operation

Type

Auto detect pad VLAN pad

Pad/CRC enable Action
enable MAC2 [7] enable MAC2 [6] MAC2 [5]

Any

No pad or CRC check

Any

Pad to 60 bytes, append CRC

Any

Pad to 64 bytes, append CRC

Any

If untagged, pad to 60 bytes and append CRC. If VLAN

tagged: pad to 64 bytes and append CRC.

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11.11.3 Back-to-Back Inter-Packet-Gap Register (IPGT - 0x2008 4008)

The Back-to-Back Inter-Packet-Gap register (IPGT) has an address of 0x2008 4008. Its
bit definition is shown in Table 153.
Table 153. Back-to-back Inter-packet-gap register (IPGT - address 0x2008 4008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

6:0

BACK-TO-BACK
INTER-PACKET-GAP

This is a programmable field representing the nibble time offset of the minimum
0x0
possible period between the end of any transmitted packet to the beginning of the
next. In Full-Duplex mode, the register value should be the desired period in nibble
times minus 3. In Half-Duplex mode, the register value should be the desired period
in nibble times minus 6. In Full-Duplex the recommended setting is 0x15 (21d),
which represents the minimum IPG of 960 ns (in 100 Mbps mode) or 9.6 s (in 10
Mbps mode). In Half-Duplex the recommended setting is 0x12 (18d), which also
represents the minimum IPG of 960 ns (in 100 Mbps mode) or 9.6 s (in 10 Mbps
mode).

31:7

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0x0

11.11.4 Non Back-to-Back Inter-Packet-Gap Register (IPGR - 0x2008 400C)

The Non Back-to-Back Inter-Packet-Gap register (IPGR) has an address of 0x2008 400C.
Its bit definition is shown in Table 154.
Table 154. Non Back-to-back Inter-packet-gap register (IPGR - address 0x2008 400C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

6:0

NON-BACK-TO-BACK
INTER-PACKET-GAP PART2

This is a programmable field representing the Non-Back-to-Back

0x0
Inter-Packet-Gap. The recommended value is 0x12 (18d), which represents
the minimum IPG of 960 ns (in 100 Mbps mode) or 9.6 s (in 10 Mbps
mode).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

14:8

NON-BACK-TO-BACK
INTER-PACKET-GAP PART1

This is a programmable field representing the optional carrierSense window 0x0

referenced in IEEE 802.3/4.2.3.2.1 'Carrier Deference'. If carrier is detected
during the timing of IPGR1, the MAC defers to carrier. If, however, carrier
becomes active after IPGR1, the MAC continues timing IPGR2 and
transmits, knowingly causing a collision, thus ensuring fair access to
medium. Its range of values is 0x0 to IPGR2. The recommended value is
0xC (12d)

31:15 -

Reset
value

0x0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0x0

11.11.5 Collision Window / Retry Register (CLRT - 0x2008 4010)

The Collision window / Retry register (CLRT) has an address of 0x2008 4010. Its bit
definition is shown in Table 155.

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Table 155. Collision Window / Retry register (CLRT - address 0x2008 4010) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

3:0

RETRANSMISSION
MAXIMUM

This is a programmable field specifying the number of retransmission attempts

following a collision before aborting the packet due to excessive collisions. The
Standard specifies the attemptLimit to be 0xF (15d). See IEEE 802.3/4.2.3.2.5.

0xF

7:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0x0

13:8

COLLISION
WINDOW

This is a programmable field representing the slot time or collision window during
which collisions occur in properly configured networks. The default value of 0x37
(55d) represents a 56 byte window following the preamble and SFD.

0x37

31:14

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

11.11.6 Maximum Frame Register (MAXF - 0x2008 4014)

The Maximum Frame register (MAXF) has an address of 0x2008 4014. Its bit definition is
shown in Table 156.
Table 156. Maximum Frame register (MAXF - address 0x2008 4014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

15:0

MAXIMUM FRAME This field resets to the value 0x0600, which represents a maximum receive frame of 0x0600
LENGTH
1536 octets. An untagged maximum size Ethernet frame is 1518 octets. A tagged
frame adds four octets for a total of 1522 octets. If a shorter maximum length
restriction is desired, program this 16-bit field.

31:16

Unused

0x0

11.11.7 PHY Support Register (SUPP - 0x2008 4018)

The PHY Support register (SUPP) has an address of 0x2008 4018. The SUPP register
provides additional control over the RMII interface. The bit definition of this register is
shown in Table 157.
Table 157. PHY Support register (SUPP - address 0x2008 4018) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

7:0

Unused

0x0

SPEED

This bit configures the Reduced MII logic for the current operating speed. When set, 0
100 Mbps mode is selected. When cleared, 10 Mbps mode is selected.

31:9

Unused

0x0

Unused bits in the PHY support register should be left as zeroes.

11.11.8 Test Register (TEST - 0x2008 401C)

The Test register (TEST) has an address of 0x2008 401C. The bit definition of this register
is shown in Table 158. These bits are used for testing purposes only.

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Table 158. Test register (TEST - address 0x2008 401C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

SHORTCUT PAUSE
QUANTA

This bit reduces the effective PAUSE quanta from 64 byte-times to 1 byte-time.

TEST PAUSE

This bit causes the MAC Control sublayer to inhibit transmissions, just as if a
0
PAUSE Receive Control frame with a nonzero pause time parameter was received.

TEST
BACKPRESSURE

Setting this bit will cause the MAC to assert backpressure on the link. Backpressure 0
causes preamble to be transmitted, raising carrier sense. A transmit packet from the
system will be sent during backpressure.

31:3

Unused

0x0

11.11.9 MII Mgmt Configuration Register (MCFG - 0x2008 4020)

The MII Mgmt Configuration register (MCFG) has an address of 0x2008 4020. The bit
definition of this register is shown in Table 159.
Table 159. MII Mgmt Configuration register (MCFG - address 0x2008 4020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

SCAN INCREMENT

Set this bit to cause the MII Management hardware to perform read cycles across a 0
range of PHYs. When set, the MII Management hardware will perform read cycles
from address 1 through the value set in PHY ADDRESS[4:0]. Clear this bit to allow
continuous reads of the same PHY.

SUPPRESS
PREAMBLE

Set this bit to cause the MII Management hardware to perform read/write cycles
without the 32-bit preamble field. Clear this bit to cause normal cycles to be
performed. Some PHYs support suppressed preamble.

5:2

CLOCK SELECT

0
This field is used by the clock divide logic in creating the MII Management Clock
(MDC) which IEEE 802.3u defines to be no faster than 2.5 MHz. Some PHYs
support clock rates up to 12.5 MHz, however. The AHB bus clock (HCLK) is divided
by the specified amount. Refer to Table 160 below for the definition of values for this
field.

14:6

Unused

0x0

15

RESET MII MGMT

This bit resets the MII Management hardware.

31:16

Unused

0x0

Table 160. Clock select encoding

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Clock Select

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Maximum AHB
clock supported

Host Clock divided by 4

10

Host Clock divided by 6

15

Host Clock divided by 8

20

Host Clock divided by 10

25

Host Clock divided by 14

35

Host Clock divided by 20

50

Host Clock divided by 28

70

Host Clock divided by 36

80[1]

Host Clock divided by 40

90[1]

Host Clock divided by 44

100[1]

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Table 160. Clock select encoding

Clock Select

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Maximum AHB
clock supported

Host Clock divided by 48

120[1]

Host Clock divided by 52

130[1]

Host Clock divided by 56

140[1]

Host Clock divided by 60

150[1]

Host Clock divided by 64

160[1]

[1]

The maximum AHB clock rate allowed is limited to the maximum CPU clock rate for the device.

11.11.10 MII Mgmt Command Register (MCMD - 0x2008 4024)

The MII Mgmt Command register (MCMD) has an address of 0x2008 4024. The bit
definition of this register is shown in Table 161.
Table 161. MII Mgmt Command register (MCMD - address 0x2008 4024) bit description
Bit

Symbol Function

Reset
value

READ

This bit causes the MII Management hardware to perform a single Read cycle. The Read data is 0
returned in Register MRDD (MII Mgmt Read Data).

SCAN

This bit causes the MII Management hardware to perform Read cycles continuously. This is
useful for monitoring Link Fail for example.

31:2

Unused

0x0

11.11.11 MII Mgmt Address Register (MADR - 0x2008 4028)

The MII Mgmt Address register (MADR) has an address of 0x2008 4028. The bit definition
of this register is shown in Table 162.
Table 162. MII Mgmt Address register (MADR - address 0x2008 4028) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

4:0

REGISTER
ADDRESS

This field represents the 5-bit Register Address field of Mgmt cycles. Up to 32 registers
can be accessed.

0x0

7:5

Unused

0x0

12:8

PHY ADDRESS

This field represents the 5-bit PHY Address field of Mgmt cycles. Up to 31 PHYs can be 0x0
addressed (0 is reserved).

31:13

Unused

0x0

11.11.12 MII Mgmt Write Data Register (MWTD - 0x2008 402C)

The MII Mgmt Write Data register (MWTD) is a write-only register with an address of
0x2008 402C. The bit definition of this register is shown in Table 163.
Table 163. MII Mgmt Write Data register (MWTD - address 0x2008 402C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

15:0

WRITE
DATA

When written, an MII Mgmt write cycle is performed using the 16-bit data and the pre-configured 0x0
PHY and Register addresses from the MII Mgmt Address register (MADR).

31:16

Unused

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value

0x0
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11.11.13 MII Mgmt Read Data Register (MRDD - 0x2008 4030)

The MII Mgmt Read Data register (MRDD) is a read-only register with an address of
0x2008 4030. The bit definition of this register is shown in Table 164.
Table 164. MII Mgmt Read Data register (MRDD - address 0x2008 4030) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

15:0

READ DATA

Following an MII Mgmt Read Cycle, the 16-bit data can be read from this location.

0x0

31:16

Unused

0x0

11.11.14 MII Mgmt Indicators Register (MIND - 0x2008 4034)

The MII Mgmt Indicators register (MIND) is a read-only register with an address of
0x2008 4034. The bit definition of this register is shown in Table 165.
Table 165. MII Mgmt Indicators register (MIND - address 0x2008 4034) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

BUSY

When "1" is returned - indicates MII Mgmt is currently performing an MII Mgmt Read or Write 0
cycle.

SCANNING

When "1" is returned - indicates a scan operation (continuous MII Mgmt Read cycles) is in
progress.

NOT VALID

When "1" is returned - indicates MII Mgmt Read cycle has not completed and the Read Data 0
is not yet valid.

MII Link Fail

When "1" is returned - indicates that an MII Mgmt link fail has occurred.

31:4

Unused

0x0

Here are two examples to access PHY via the MII Management Controller.
For PHY Write if scan is not used:
1. Write 0 to MCMD
2. Write PHY address and register address to MADR
3. Write data to MWTD
4. Wait for busy bit to be cleared in MIND
For PHY Read if scan is not used:
1. Write 1 to MCMD
2. Write PHY address and register address to MADR
3. Wait for busy bit to be cleared in MIND
4. Write 0 to MCMD
5. Read data from MRDD

11.11.15 Station Address 0 Register (SA0 - 0x2008 4040)

The Station Address 0 register (SA0) has an address of 0x2008 4040. The bit definition of
this register is shown in Table 166.

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Table 166. Station Address register (SA0 - address 0x2008 4040) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

7:0

STATION ADDRESS, 2nd octet

This field holds the second octet of the station address.

0x0

15:8

STATION ADDRESS, 1st octet

This field holds the first octet of the station address.

0x0

31:16

Unused

0x0

The station address is used for perfect address filtering and for sending pause control
frames. For the ordering of the octets in the packet please refer to Figure 21.

11.11.16 Station Address 1 Register (SA1 - 0x2008 4044)

The Station Address 1 register (SA1) has an address of 0x2008 4044. The bit definition of
this register is shown in Table 167.
Table 167. Station Address register (SA1 - address 0x2008 4044) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

7:0

STATION ADDRESS, 4th octet

This field holds the fourth octet of the station address.

0x0

15:8

STATION ADDRESS, 3rd octet

This field holds the third octet of the station address.

0x0

31:16

Unused

0x0

The station address is used for perfect address filtering and for sending pause control
frames. For the ordering of the octets in the packet please refer to Figure 21.

11.11.17 Station Address 2 Register (SA2 - 0x2008 4048)

The Station Address 2 register (SA2) has an address of 0x2008 4048. The bit definition of
this register is shown in Table 168.
Table 168. Station Address register (SA2 - address 0x2008 4048) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

7:0

STATION ADDRESS, 6th octet

This field holds the sixth octet of the station address.

0x0

15:8

STATION ADDRESS, 5th octet

This field holds the fifth octet of the station address.

0x0

31:16

Unused

0x0

The station address is used for perfect address filtering and for sending pause control
frames. For the ordering of the octets in the packet please refer to Figure 21.

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11.12 Control register definitions

11.12.1 Command Register (Command - 0x2008 4100)
The Command register (Command) register has an address of 0x2008 4100. Its bit
definition is shown in Table 169.
Table 169. Command register (Command - address 0x2008 4100) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

RxEnable

Enable receive.

TxEnable

Enable transmit.

Unused

0x0

RegReset

When a 1 is written, all datapaths and the host registers are reset. The MAC needs to 0
be reset separately.

TxReset

When a 1 is written, the transmit datapath is reset.

RxReset

When a 1 is written, the receive datapath is reset.

PassRuntFrame

When set to 1, passes runt frames smaller than 64 bytes to memory unless they have 0
a CRC error. If 0 runt frames are filtered out.

PassRxFilter

When set to 1, disables receive filtering i.e. all frames received are written to memory. 0

TxFlowControl

Enable IEEE 802.3 / clause 31 flow control sending pause frames in full duplex and
continuous preamble in half duplex.

RMII

When set to 1, RMII mode is selected; if 0, MII mode is selected.

10

FullDuplex

When set to 1, indicates full duplex operation.

31:11

Unused

0x0

All bits can be written and read. The Tx/RxReset bits are write-only, reading will return a 0.

11.12.2 Status Register (Status - 0x2008 4104)

The Status register (Status) is a read-only register with an address of 0x2008 4104. Its bit
definition is shown in Table 170.
Table 170. Status register (Status - address 0x2008 4104) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

RxStatus

If 1, the receive channel is active. If 0, the receive channel is inactive.

TxStatus

If 1, the transmit channel is active. If 0, the transmit channel is inactive.

31:2

Unused

0x0

The values represent the status of the two channels/data paths. When the status is 1, the
channel is active, meaning:

It is enabled and the Rx/TxEnable bit is set in the Command register or it just got
disabled while still transmitting or receiving a frame.

Also, for the transmit channel, the transmit queue is not empty
i.e. ProduceIndex != ConsumeIndex.

Also, for the receive channel, the receive queue is not full
i.e. ProduceIndex != ConsumeIndex - 1.

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The status transitions from active to inactive if the channel is disabled by a software reset
of the Rx/TxEnable bit in the Command register and the channel has committed the status
and data of the current frame to memory. The status also transitions to inactive if the
transmit queue is empty or if the receive queue is full and status and data have been
committed to memory.

11.12.3 Receive Descriptor Base Address Register (RxDescriptor 0x2008 4108)

The Receive Descriptor base address register (RxDescriptor) has an address of
0x2008 4108. Its bit definition is shown in Table 171.
Table 171. Receive Descriptor Base Address register (RxDescriptor - address 0x2008 4108) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

1:0

Fixed to 00

31:2

RxDescriptor

MSBs of receive descriptor base address.

0x0

The receive descriptor base address is a byte address aligned to a word boundary i.e.
LSB 1:0 are fixed to 00. The register contains the lowest address in the array of
descriptors.

11.12.4 Receive Status Base Address Register (RxStatus - 0x2008 410C)

The receive descriptor base address is a byte address aligned to a word boundary i.e.
LSB 1:0 are fixed to 00. The register contains the lowest address in the array of
descriptors.
Table 172. Receive Status Base Address register (RxStatus - address 0x2008 410C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

2:0

Fixed to 000

31:3

RxStatus

MSBs of receive status base address.

0x0

The receive status base address is a byte address aligned to a double word boundary i.e.
LSB 2:0 are fixed to 000.

11.12.5 Receive Number of Descriptors Register (RxDescriptor - 0x2008 4110)

The Receive Number of Descriptors register (RxDescriptorNumber) has an address of
0x2008 4110. Its bit definition is shown in Table 173.
Table 173. Receive Number of Descriptors register (RxDescriptor - address 0x2008 4110) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

15:0

RxDescriptorNumber

Number of descriptors in the descriptor array for which RxDescriptor is the

base address. The number of descriptors is minus one encoded.

0x0

31:16

Unused

0x0

The receive number of descriptors register defines the number of descriptors in the
descriptor array for which RxDescriptor is the base address. The number of descriptors
should match the number of statuses. The register uses minus one encoding i.e. if the
array has 8 elements, the value in the register should be 7.

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11.12.6 Receive Produce Index Register (RxProduceIndex - 0x2008 4114)

The Receive Produce Index register (RxProduceIndex) is a read-only register with an
address of 0x2008 4114. Its bit definition is shown in Table 174.
Table 174. Receive Produce Index register (RxProduceIndex - address 0x2008 4114) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

15:0

RxProduceIndex

Index of the descriptor that is going to be filled next by the receive datapath.

0x0

31:16

Unused

0x0

The receive produce index register defines the descriptor that is going to be filled next by
the hardware receive process. After a frame has been received, hardware increments the
index. The value is wrapped to 0 once the value of RxDescriptorNumber has been
reached. If the RxProduceIndex equals RxConsumeIndex - 1, the array is full and any
further frames being received will cause a buffer overrun error.

11.12.7 Receive Consume Index Register (RxConsumeIndex - 0x2008 4118)

The Receive consume index register (RxConsumeIndex) has an address of 0x2008 4118.
Its bit definition is shown in Table 175.
Table 175. Receive Consume Index register (RxConsumeIndex - address 0x2008 4118) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

15:0

RxConsumeIndex

Index of the descriptor that is going to be processed next by the receive

31:16

Unused

0x0

The receive consume register defines the descriptor that is going to be processed next by
the software receive driver. The receive array is empty as long as RxProduceIndex equals
RxConsumeIndex. As soon as the array is not empty, software can process the frame
pointed to by RxConsumeIndex. After a frame has been processed by software, software
should increment the RxConsumeIndex. The value must be wrapped to 0 once the value
of RxDescriptorNumber has been reached. If the RxProduceIndex equals
RxConsumeIndex - 1, the array is full and any further frames being received will cause a
buffer overrun error.

11.12.8 Transmit Descriptor Base Address Register (TxDescriptor 0x2008 411C)

The Transmit Descriptor base address register (TxDescriptor) has an address of
0x2008 411C. Its bit definition is shown in Table 176.
Table 176. Transmit Descriptor Base Address register (TxDescriptor - address 0x2008 411C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

1:0

Fixed to 00

31:2

TxDescriptor

MSBs of transmit descriptor base address.

0x0

The transmit descriptor base address is a byte address aligned to a word boundary i.e.
LSB 1:0 are fixed to 00. The register contains the lowest address in the array of
descriptors.

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11.12.9 Transmit Status Base Address Register (TxStatus - 0x2008 4120)

The Transmit Status base address register (TxStatus) has an address of 0x2008 4120. Its
bit definition is shown in Table 177.
Table 177. Transmit Status Base Address register (TxStatus - address 0x2008 4120) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

1:0

Fixed to 00

31:2

TxStatus

MSBs of transmit status base address.

0x0

The transmit status base address is a byte address aligned to a word boundary i.e. LSB
1:0 are fixed to 00. The register contains the lowest address in the array of statuses.

11.12.10 Transmit Number of Descriptors Register (TxDescriptorNumber 0x2008 4124)

The Transmit Number of Descriptors register (TxDescriptorNumber) has an address of
0x2008 4124. Its bit definition is shown in Table 178.
Table 178. Transmit Number of Descriptors register (TxDescriptorNumber - address 0x2008 4124) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

15:0

TxDescriptorNumber

Number of descriptors in the descriptor array for which TxDescriptor is the

base address. The register is minus one encoded.

31:16

Unused

0x0

The transmit number of descriptors register defines the number of descriptors in the
descriptor array for which TxDescriptor is the base address. The number of descriptors
should match the number of statuses. The register uses minus one encoding i.e. if the
array has 8 elements, the value in the register should be 7.

11.12.11 Transmit Produce Index Register (TxProduceIndex - 0x2008 4128)

The Transmit Produce Index register (TxProduceIndex) has an address of 0x2008 4128.
Its bit definition is shown in Table 179.
Table 179. Transmit Produce Index register (TxProduceIndex - address 0x2008 4128) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

15:0

TxProduceIndex

Index of the descriptor that is going to be filled next by the transmit software driver. 0x0

31:16

Unused

0x0

The transmit produce index register defines the descriptor that is going to be filled next by
the software transmit driver. The transmit descriptor array is empty as long as
TxProduceIndex equals TxConsumeIndex. If the transmit hardware is enabled, it will start
transmitting frames as soon as the descriptor array is not empty. After a frame has been
processed by software, it should increment the TxProduceIndex. The value must be
wrapped to 0 once the value of TxDescriptorNumber has been reached. If the
TxProduceIndex equals TxConsumeIndex - 1 the descriptor array is full and software
should stop producing new descriptors until hardware has transmitted some frames and
updated the TxConsumeIndex.

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11.12.12 Transmit Consume Index Register (TxConsumeIndex - 0x2008 412C)

The Transmit Consume Index register (TxConsumeIndex) is a read-only register with an
address of 0x2008 412C. Its bit definition is shown in Table 180.
Table 180. Transmit Consume Index register (TxConsumeIndex - address 0x2008 412C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

15:0

TxConsumeIndex

Index of the descriptor that is going to be transmitted next by the transmit

datapath.

0x0

31:16

Unused

0x0

The transmit consume index register defines the descriptor that is going to be transmitted
next by the hardware transmit process. After a frame has been transmitted hardware
increments the index, wrapping the value to 0 once the value of TxDescriptorNumber has
been reached. If the TxConsumeIndex equals TxProduceIndex the descriptor array is
empty and the transmit channel will stop transmitting until software produces new
descriptors.

11.12.13 Transmit Status Vector 0 Register (TSV0 - 0x2008 4158)

The Transmit Status Vector 0 register (TSV0) is a read-only register with an address of
0x2008 4158. The transmit status vector registers store the most recent transmit status
returned by the MAC. Since the status vector consists of more than 4 bytes, status is
distributed over two registers TSV0 and TSV1. These registers are provided for debug
purposes, because the communication between driver software and the Ethernet block
takes place primarily through the frame descriptors. The status register contents are valid
as long as the internal status of the MAC is valid and should typically only be read when
the transmit and receive processes are halted.
Table 181 lists the bit definitions of the TSV0 register.
Table 181. Transmit Status Vector 0 register (TSV0 - address 0x2008 4158) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

CRC error

The attached CRC in the packet did not match the internally generated CRC. 0

Length check error

Indicates the frame length field does not match the actual number of data
items and is not a type field.

Length out of range[1]

Indicates that frame type/length field was larger than 1500 bytes.

Done

Transmission of packet was completed.

Multicast

Packets destination was a multicast address.

Broadcast

Packets destination was a broadcast address.

Packet Defer

Packet was deferred for at least one attempt, but less than an excessive
defer.

Excessive Defer

Packet was deferred in excess of 6071 nibble times in 100 Mbps or 24287 bit 0
times in 10 Mbps mode.

Excessive Collision

Packet was aborted due to exceeding of maximum allowed number of

collisions.

0
0

Late Collision

Collision occurred beyond collision window, 512 bit times.

10

Giant

Byte count in frame was greater than can be represented in the transmit byte 0
count field in TSV1.

11

Underrun

Host side caused buffer underrun.

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Table 181. Transmit Status Vector 0 register (TSV0 - address 0x2008 4158) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

27:12

Total bytes

The total number of bytes transferred including collided attempts.

0x0

28

Control frame

The frame was a control frame.

29

Pause

The frame was a control frame with a valid PAUSE opcode.

30

Backpressure

Carrier-sense method backpressure was previously applied.

31

VLAN

Frames length/type field contained 0x8100 which is the VLAN protocol

identifier.

[1]

The EMAC doesn't distinguish the frame type and frame length, so, e.g. when the IP(0x8000) or
ARP(0x0806) packets are received, it compares the frame type with the max length and gives the "Length
out of range" error. In fact, this bit is not an error indication, but simply a statement by the chip regarding the
status of the received frame.

11.12.14 Transmit Status Vector 1 Register (TSV1 - 0x2008 415C)

The Transmit Status Vector 1 register (TSV1) is a read-only register with an address of
0x2008 415C. The transmit status vector registers store the most recent transmit status
returned by the MAC. Since the status vector consists of more than 4 bytes, status is
distributed over two registers TSV0 and TSV1. These registers are provided for debug
purposes, because the communication between driver software and the Ethernet block
takes place primarily through the frame descriptors. The status register contents are valid
as long as the internal status of the MAC is valid and should typically only be read when
the transmit and receive processes are halted.Table 182 lists the bit definitions of the
TSV1 register.
Table 182. Transmit Status Vector 1 register (TSV1 - address 0x2008 415C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

15:0

Transmit byte count

The total number of bytes in the frame, not counting the collided bytes.

0x0

19:16

Transmit collision
count

Number of collisions the current packet incurred during transmission attempts. 0x0
The maximum number of collisions (16) cannot be represented.

31:20

Unused

0x0

11.12.15 Receive Status Vector Register (RSV - 0x2008 4160)

The Receive status vector register (RSV) is a read-only register with an address of
0x2008 4160. The receive status vector register stores the most recent receive status
returned by the MAC. This register is provided for debug purposes, because the
communication between driver software and the Ethernet block takes place primarily
through the frame descriptors. The status register contents are valid as long as the
internal status of the MAC is valid and should typically only be read when the transmit and
receive processes are halted.
Table 183 lists the bit definitions of the RSV register.
Table 183. Receive Status Vector register (RSV - address 0x2008 4160) bit description
Bit

Symbol

15:0

Received byte count

Indicates length of received frame.

0x0

16

Packet previously ignored

Indicates that a packet was dropped.

17

RXDV event previously

seen

Indicates that the last receive event seen was not long enough to be a valid
packet.

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Table 183. Receive Status Vector register (RSV - address 0x2008 4160) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

18

Carrier event previously

seen

Indicates that at some time since the last receive statistics, a carrier event was 0
detected.

19

Receive code violation

Indicates that received PHY data does not represent a valid receive code.

20

CRC error

The attached CRC in the packet did not match the internally generated CRC.

21

Length check error

Indicates the frame length field does not match the actual number of data items 0
and is not a type field.

22

Length out of range[1]

Indicates that frame type/length field was larger than 1518 bytes.

23

Receive OK

The packet had valid CRC and no symbol errors.

24

Multicast

The packet destination was a multicast address.

25

Broadcast

The packet destination was a broadcast address.

26

Dribble Nibble

Indicates that after the end of packet another 1-7 bits were received. A single
nibble, called dribble nibble, is formed but not sent out.

27

Control frame

The frame was a control frame.

28

PAUSE

The frame was a control frame with a valid PAUSE opcode.

29

Unsupported Opcode

The current frame was recognized as a Control Frame but contains an

unknown opcode.

30

VLAN

Frames length/type field contained 0x8100 which is the VLAN protocol

identifier.

31

Unused

0x0

[1]

The EMAC doesn't distinguish the frame type and frame length, so, e.g. when the IP(0x8000) or
ARP(0x0806) packets are received, it compares the frame type with the max length and gives the "Length
out of range" error. In fact, this bit is not an error indication, but simply a statement by the chip regarding the
status of the received frame.

11.12.16 Flow Control Counter Register (FlowControlCounter - 0x2008 4170)

The Flow Control Counter register (FlowControlCounter) has an address of 0x2008 4170.
Table 184 lists the bit definitions of the register.
Table 184. Flow Control Counter register (FlowControlCounter - address 0x2008 4170) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

15:0

MirrorCounter

In full duplex mode the MirrorCounter specifies the number of cycles before
re-issuing the Pause control frame.

0x0

31:16

PauseTimer

In full-duplex mode the PauseTimer specifies the value that is inserted into the
pause timer field of a pause flow control frame. In half duplex mode the
PauseTimer specifies the number of backpressure cycles.

0x0

11.12.17 Flow Control Status Register (FlowControlStatus - 0x2008 4174)

The Flow Control Status register (FlowControlStatus) is a read-only register with an
address of 0x2008 4174. Table 185 lists the bit definitions of the register.

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Table 185. Flow Control Status register (FlowControlStatus - address 0x2008 4174) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

15:0

MirrorCounterCurrent

In full duplex mode this register represents the current value of the datapaths mirror 0x0
counter which counts up to the value specified by the MirrorCounter field in the
FlowControlCounter register. In half duplex mode the register counts until it reaches
the value of the PauseTimer bits in the FlowControlCounter register.

31:16

Unused

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0x0

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11.13 Receive filter register definitions

11.13.1 Receive Filter Control Register (RxFilterCtrl - 0x2008 4200)
The Receive Filter Control register (RxFilterCtrl) has an address of 0x2008 4200.
Table 186 lists the definition of the individual bits in the register.
Table 186. Receive Filter Control register (RxFilterCtrl - address 0x2008 4200) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

AcceptUnicastEn

When set to "1", all unicast frames are accepted.

AcceptBroadcastEn

When set to "1", all broadcast frames are accepted.

AcceptMulticastEn

When set to "1", all multicast frames are accepted.

AcceptUnicastHashEn

When set to "1", unicast frames that pass the imperfect hash filter are
accepted.

AcceptMulticastHashEn

When set to "1", multicast frames that pass the imperfect hash filter are
accepted.

AcceptPerfectEn

When set to "1", the frames with a destination address identical to the
station address are accepted.

11:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

12

MagicPacketEnWoL

When set to "1", the result of the magic packet filter will generate a WoL
interrupt when there is a match.

13

RxFilterEnWoL

When set to "1", the result of the perfect address matching filter and the
imperfect hash filter will generate a WoL interrupt when there is a match.

Unused

0x0

31:14 -

11.13.2 Receive Filter WoL Status Register (RxFilterWoLStatus - 0x2008 4204)

The Receive Filter Wake-up on LAN Status register (RxFilterWoLStatus) is a read-only
register with an address of 0x2008 4204.
Table 187 lists the definition of the individual bits in the register.
Table 187. Receive Filter WoL Status register (RxFilterWoLStatus - address 0x2008 4204) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

AcceptUnicastWoL

When the value is "1", a unicast frames caused WoL.

AcceptBroadcastWoL

When the value is "1", a broadcast frame caused WoL.

AcceptMulticastWoL

When the value is "1", a multicast frame caused WoL.

AcceptUnicastHashWoL

When the value is "1", a unicast frame that passes the imperfect hash
filter caused WoL.

AcceptMulticastHashWoL

When the value is "1", a multicast frame that passes the imperfect hash
filter caused WoL.

AcceptPerfectWoL

When the value is "1", the perfect address matching filter caused WoL.

Unused

0x0

RxFilterWoL

When the value is "1", the receive filter caused WoL.

MagicPacketWoL

When the value is "1", the magic packet filter caused WoL.

Unused

0x0

31:9 -

The bits in this register record the cause for a WoL. Bits in RxFilterWoLStatus can be
cleared by writing the RxFilterWoLClear register.
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11.13.3 Receive Filter WoL Clear Register (RxFilterWoLClear - 0x2008 4208)

The Receive Filter Wake-up on LAN Clear register (RxFilterWoLClear) is a write-only
register with an address of 0x2008 4208.
Table 188 lists the definition of the individual bits in the register.
Table 188. Receive Filter WoL Clear register (RxFilterWoLClear - address 0x2008 4208) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

AcceptUnicastWoLClr

When a "1" is written to one of these bits (0 to 5), the corresponding

status bit in the RxFilterWoLStatus register is cleared.

AcceptBroadcastWoLClr

AcceptMulticastWoLClr

AcceptUnicastHashWoLClr

AcceptMulticastHashWoLClr

AcceptPerfectWoLClr

Unused

RxFilterWoLClr

MagicPacketWoLClr

When a "1" is written to one of these bits (7 and/or 8), the corresponding 0
status bit in the RxFilterWoLStatus register is cleared.
0

31:9 -

0
0x0

Unused

0x0

The bits in this register are write-only; writing resets the corresponding bits in the
RxFilterWoLStatus register.

11.13.4 Hash Filter Table LSBs Register (HashFilterL - 0x2008 4210)

The Hash Filter table LSBs register (HashFilterL) has an address of 0x2008 4210.
Table 189 lists the bit definitions of the register. Details of Hash filter table use can be
found in Section 11.17.10 Receive filtering on page 250.
Table 189. Hash Filter Table LSBs register (HashFilterL - address 0x2008 4210) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

31:0

HashFilterL

Bits 31:0 of the imperfect filter hash table for receive filtering.

0x0

11.13.5 Hash Filter Table MSBs Register (HashFilterH - 0x2008 4214)

The Hash Filter table MSBs register (HashFilterH) has an address of 0x2008 4214.
Table 190 lists the bit definitions of the register. Details of Hash filter table use can be
found in Section 11.17.10 Receive filtering on page 250.
Table 190. Hash Filter MSBs register (HashFilterH - address 0x2008 4214) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

31:0

HashFilterH

Bits 63:32 of the imperfect filter hash table for receive filtering.

0x0

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11.14 Module control register definitions

11.14.1 Interrupt Status Register (IntStatus - 0x2008 4FE0)
The Interrupt Status register (IntStatus) is a read-only register with an address of
0x2008 4FE0. The interrupt status register bit definition is shown in Table 191. Note that
all bits are flip-flops with an asynchronous set in order to be able to generate interrupts if
there are wake-up events while clocks are disabled.
Table 191. Interrupt Status register (IntStatus - address 0x2008 4FE0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

RxOverrunInt

Interrupt set on a fatal overrun error in the receive queue. The fatal interrupt should be
resolved by a Rx soft-reset. The bit is not set when there is a nonfatal overrun error.

RxErrorInt

Interrupt trigger on receive errors: AlignmentError, RangeError, LengthError, SymbolError, 0

CRCError or NoDescriptor or Overrun.

RxFinishedInt

Interrupt triggered when all receive descriptors have been processed i.e. on the transition
to the situation where ProduceIndex == ConsumeIndex.

RxDoneInt

Interrupt triggered when a receive descriptor has been processed while the Interrupt bit in 0
the Control field of the descriptor was set.

TxUnderrunInt

Interrupt set on a fatal underrun error in the transmit queue. The fatal interrupt should be
resolved by a Tx soft-reset. The bit is not set when there is a nonfatal underrun error.

TxErrorInt

Interrupt trigger on transmit errors: LateCollision, ExcessiveCollision and ExcessiveDefer,

NoDescriptor or Underrun.

TxFinishedInt

Interrupt triggered when all transmit descriptors have been processed i.e. on the transition 0
to the situation where ProduceIndex == ConsumeIndex.

TxDoneInt

Interrupt triggered when a descriptor has been transmitted while the Interrupt bit in the
Control field of the descriptor was set.

11:8

Unused

0x0

12

SoftInt

Interrupt triggered by software writing a 1 to the SoftIntSet bit in the IntSet register.

13

WakeupInt

Interrupt triggered by a Wake-up event detected by the receive filter.

31:14

Unused

0x0

The interrupt status register is read-only. Setting can be done via the IntSet register. Reset
can be accomplished via the IntClear register.

11.14.2 Interrupt Enable Register (IntEnable - 0x2008 4FE4)

The Interrupt Enable register (IntEnable) has an address of 0x2008 4FE4. The interrupt
enable register bit definition is shown in Table 192.
Table 192. Interrupt Enable register (intEnable - address 0x2008 4FE4) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

RxOverrunIntEn

Enable for interrupt trigger on receive buffer overrun or descriptor underrun situations.

RxErrorIntEn

Enable for interrupt trigger on receive errors.

RxFinishedIntEn

Enable for interrupt triggered when all receive descriptors have been processed i.e. on
the transition to the situation where ProduceIndex == ConsumeIndex.

RxDoneIntEn

Enable for interrupt triggered when a receive descriptor has been processed while the
Interrupt bit in the Control field of the descriptor was set.

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Table 192. Interrupt Enable register (intEnable - address 0x2008 4FE4) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset
value

TxUnderrunIntEn Enable for interrupt trigger on transmit buffer or descriptor underrun situations.

TxErrorIntEn

Enable for interrupt trigger on transmit errors.

TxFinishedIntEn

Enable for interrupt triggered when all transmit descriptors have been processed i.e. on
the transition to the situation where ProduceIndex == ConsumeIndex.

TxDoneIntEn

Enable for interrupt triggered when a descriptor has been transmitted while the Interrupt 0
bit in the Control field of the descriptor was set.

11:8

Unused

0x0

12

SoftIntEn

Enable for interrupt triggered by the SoftInt bit in the IntStatus register, caused by
software writing a 1 to the SoftIntSet bit in the IntSet register.

13

WakeupIntEn

Enable for interrupt triggered by a Wake-up event detected by the receive filter.

31:14

Unused

0x0

11.14.3 Interrupt Clear Register (IntClear - 0x2008 4FE8)

The Interrupt Clear register (IntClear) is a write-only register with an address of
0x2008 4FE8. The interrupt clear register bit definition is shown in Table 193.
Table 193. Interrupt Clear register (IntClear - address 0x2008 4FE8) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

Writing a "1" to one of these bits clears (0 to 7) the corresponding status bit in
interrupt status register IntStatus.

RxOverrunIntClr

RxErrorIntClr

RxFinishedIntClr

RxDoneIntClr

TxUnderrunIntClr

TxErrorIntClr

TxFinishedIntClr

TxDoneIntClr

11:8

Unused

12

SoftIntClr

13

WakeupIntClr

Writing a "1" to one of these bits (12 and/or 13) clears the corresponding status 0
bit in interrupt status register IntStatus.
0

0x0

31:14

Unused

0x0

The interrupt clear register is write-only. Writing a 1 to a bit of the IntClear register clears
the corresponding bit in the status register. Writing a 0 will not affect the interrupt status.

11.14.4 Interrupt Set Register (IntSet - 0x2008 4FEC)

The Interrupt Set register (IntSet) is a write-only register with an address of 0x2008 4FEC.
The interrupt set register bit definition is shown in Table 194.

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Table 194. Interrupt Set register (IntSet - address 0x2008 4FEC) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

RxOverrunIntSet
RxErrorIntSet

Writing a "1" to one of these bits (0 to 7) sets the corresponding status bit in
interrupt status register IntStatus.

1
2

RxFinishedIntSet

RxDoneIntSet

TxUnderrunIntSet

TxErrorIntSet

TxFinishedIntSet

TxDoneIntSet

11:8

Unused

0x0

12

SoftIntSet

13

WakeupIntSet

Writing a "1" to one of these bits (12 and/or 13) sets the corresponding status
bit in interrupt status register IntStatus.

31:14

Unused

0x0

The interrupt set register is write-only. Writing a 1 to a bit of the IntSet register sets the
corresponding bit in the status register. Writing a 0 will not affect the interrupt status.

11.14.5 Power-Down Register (PowerDown - 0x2008 4FF4)

The Power-Down register (PowerDown) is used to block all AHB accesses except
accesses to the Power-Down register. The register has an address of 0x2008 4FF4. The
bit definition of the register is listed in Table 195.
Table 195. Power-Down register (PowerDown - address 0x2008 4FF4) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset value

30:0

Unused

0x0

31

PowerDownMACAHB

If true, all AHB accesses will return a read/write error, except accesses to
the Power-Down register.

Setting the bit will return an error on all read and write accesses on the MACAHB interface
except for accesses to the Power-Down register.

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11.15 Descriptor and status formats

This section defines the descriptor format for the transmit and receive scatter/gather DMA
engines. Each Ethernet frame can consist of one or more fragments. Each fragment
corresponds to a single descriptor. The DMA managers in the Ethernet block scatter (for
receive) and gather (for transmit) multiple fragments for a single Ethernet frame.

11.15.1 Receive descriptors and statuses

Figure 22 depicts the layout of the receive descriptors in memory.

RxDescriptor

RxStatus

PACKET

DATA BUFFER

CONTROL
PACKET

StatusHashCRC
DATA BUFFER

CONTROL
PACKET

PACKET

DATA BUFFER

PACKET

DATA BUFFER

PACKET

StatusInfo
StatusHashCRC

DATA BUFFER

CONTROL

RxDescriptorNumber

StatusInfo
StatusHashCRC

CONTROL
5

StatusInfo
StatusHashCRC

CONTROL
4

StatusInfo

StatusInfo
StatusHashCRC

DATA BUFFER

CONTROL

StatusInfo
StatusHashCRC

Fig 22. Receive descriptor memory layout

Receive descriptors are stored in an array in memory. The base address of the array is
stored in the RxDescriptor register, and should be aligned on a 4 byte address boundary.
The number of descriptors in the array is stored in the RxDescriptorNumber register using
a minus one encoding style e.g. if the array has 8 elements the register value should be 7.
Parallel to the descriptors there is an array of statuses. For each element of the descriptor
array there is an associated status field in the status array. The base address of the status
array is stored in the RxStatus register, and must be aligned on an 8 byte address
boundary. During operation (when the receive data path is enabled) the RxDescriptor,
RxStatus and RxDescriptorNumber registers should not be modified.
Two registers, RxConsumeIndex and RxProduceIndex, define the descriptor locations
that will be used next by hardware and software. Both registers act as counters starting at
0 and wrapping when they reach the value of RxDescriptorNumber. The RxProduceIndex
contains the index of the descriptor that is going to be filled with the next frame being
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received. The RxConsumeIndex is programmed by software and is the index of the next
descriptor that the software receive driver is going to process. When RxProduceIndex ==
RxConsumeIndex, the receive buffer is empty. When RxProduceIndex ==
RxConsumeIndex -1 (taking wraparound into account), the receive buffer is full and newly
received data would generate an overflow unless the software driver frees up one or more
descriptors.
Each receive descriptor takes two word locations (8 bytes) in memory. Likewise each
status field takes two words (8 bytes) in memory. Each receive descriptor consists of a
pointer to the data buffer for storing receive data (Packet) and a control word (Control).
The Packet field has a zero address offset, the control field has a 4 byte address offset
with respect to the descriptor address as defined in Table 196.
Table 196. Receive Descriptor Fields
Symbol

Address offset

Bytes

Description

Packet

0x0

Base address of the data buffer for storing receive data.

Control

0x4

Control information, see Table 197.

The data buffer pointer (Packet) is a 32-bit, byte aligned address value containing the
base address of the data buffer. The definition of the control word bits is listed in
Table 197.
Table 197. Receive Descriptor Control Word
Bit

Symbol

Description

10:0

Size

Size in bytes of the data buffer. This is the size of the buffer reserved by the device driver for a frame or
frame fragment i.e. the byte size of the buffer pointed to by the Packet field. The size is -1 encoded e.g.
if the buffer is 8 bytes the size field should be equal to 7.

30:11 -

Unused

31

If true generate an RxDone interrupt when the data in this frame or frame fragment and the associated
status information has been committed to memory.

Interrupt

Table 198 lists the fields in the receive status elements from the status array.
Table 198. Receive Status Fields
Symbol

Address
offset

Bytes

Description

StatusInfo

0x0

Receive status return flags, see Table 200.

StatusHashCRC

0x4

The concatenation of the destination address hash CRC and the source address
hash CRC.

Each receive status consists of two words. The StatusHashCRC word contains a
concatenation of the two 9-bit hash CRCs calculated from the destination and source
addresses contained in the received frame. After detecting the destination and source
addresses, StatusHashCRC is calculated once, then held for every fragment of the same
frame.
The concatenation of the two CRCs is shown in Table 199:

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Table 199. Receive Status HashCRC Word

Bit

Symbol

Description

8:0

SAHashCRC

Hash CRC calculated from the source address.

15:9

Unused

24:16

DAHashCRC

Hash CRC calculated from the destination address.

31:25

Unused

The StatusInfo word contains flags returned by the MAC and flags generated by the
receive data path reflecting the status of the reception. Table 200 lists the bit definitions in
the StatusInfo word.
Table 200. Receive status information word
Bit

Symbol

Description

10:0

RxSize

The size in bytes of the actual data transferred into one fragment buffer. In other words, this is the
size of the frame or fragment as actually written by the DMA manager for one descriptor. This may
be different from the Size bits of the Control field in the descriptor that indicate the size of the
buffer allocated by the device driver. Size is -1 encoded e.g. if the buffer has 8 bytes the RxSize
value will be 7.

17:11

Unused

18

ControlFrame

Indicates this is a control frame for flow control, either a pause frame or a frame with an
unsupported opcode.

19

VLAN

Indicates a VLAN frame.

20

FailFilter

Indicates this frame has failed the Rx filter. These frames will not normally pass to memory. But
due to the limitation of the size of the buffer, part of this frame may already be passed to memory.
Once the frame is found to have failed the Rx filter, the remainder of the frame will be discarded
without being passed to the memory. However, if the PassRxFilter bit in the Command register is
set, the whole frame will be passed to memory.

21

Multicast

Set when a multicast frame is received.

22

Broadcast

Set when a broadcast frame is received.

23

CRCError

The received frame had a CRC error.

24

SymbolError

The PHY reports a bit error over the PHY interface during reception.

25

LengthError

The frame length field value in the frame specifies a valid length, but does not match the actual
data length.

26

RangeError[1]

The received packet exceeds the maximum packet size.

27

AlignmentError

An alignment error is flagged when dribble bits are detected and also a CRC error is detected.
This is in accordance with IEEE std. 802.3/clause 4.3.2.

28

Overrun

Receive overrun. The adapter can not accept the data stream.

29

NoDescriptor

No new Rx descriptor is available and the frame is too long for the buffer size in the current
receive descriptor.

30

LastFlag

When set to 1, indicates this descriptor is for the last fragment of a frame. If the frame consists of
a single fragment, this bit is also set to 1.

31

Error

An error occurred during reception of this frame. This is a logical OR of AlignmentError,

RangeError, LengthError, SymbolError, CRCError, and Overrun.
[1]

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The EMAC doesn't distinguish the frame type and frame length, so, e.g. when the IP(0x8000) or
ARP(0x0806) packets are received, it compares the frame type with the max length and gives the "Range"
error. In fact, this bit is not an error indication, but simply a statement by the chip regarding the status of the
received frame.

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For multi-fragment frames, the value of the AlignmentError, RangeError, LengthError,

SymbolError and CRCError bits in all but the last fragment in the frame will be 0; likewise
the value of the FailFilter, Multicast, Broadcast, VLAN and ControlFrame bits is undefined.
The status of the last fragment in the frame will copy the value for these bits from the
MAC. All fragment statuses will have valid LastFrag, RxSize, Error, Overrun and
NoDescriptor bits.

11.15.2 Transmit descriptors and statuses

Figure 23 depicts the layout of the transmit descriptors in memory.

TxDescriptor

TxStatus

PACKET

DATA BUFFER
StatusInfo

CONTROL
PACKET

DATA BUFFER
StatusInfo

CONTROL
PACKET

DATA BUFFER
StatusInfo

CONTROL
PACKET

DATA BUFFER
StatusInfo

CONTROL
PACKET

DATA BUFFER
StatusInfo

CONTROL

TxDescriptorNumber

PACKET

DATA BUFFER
StatusInfo

CONTROL

Fig 23. Transmit descriptor memory layout

Transmit descriptors are stored in an array in memory. The lowest address of the transmit
descriptor array is stored in the TxDescriptor register, and must be aligned on a 4 byte
address boundary. The number of descriptors in the array is stored in the
TxDescriptorNumber register using a minus one encoding style i.e. if the array has 8
elements the register value should be 7. Parallel to the descriptors there is an array of
statuses. For each element of the descriptor array there is an associated status field in the
status array. The base address of the status array is stored in the TxStatus register, and
must be aligned on a 4 byte address boundary. During operation (when the transmit data
path is enabled) the TxDescriptor, TxStatus, and TxDescriptorNumber registers should
not be modified.
Two registers, TxConsumeIndex and TxProduceIndex, define the descriptor locations that
will be used next by hardware and software. Both register act as counters starting at 0 and
wrapping when they reach the value of TxDescriptorNumber. The TxProduceIndex
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contains the index of the next descriptor that is going to be filled by the software driver.
The TxConsumeIndex contains the index of the next descriptor going to be transmitted by
the hardware. When TxProduceIndex == TxConsumeIndex, the transmit buffer is empty.
When TxProduceIndex == TxConsumeIndex -1 (taking wraparound into account), the
transmit buffer is full and the software driver cannot add new descriptors until the
hardware has transmitted one or more frames to free up descriptors.
Each transmit descriptor takes two word locations (8 bytes) in memory. Likewise each
status field takes one word (4 bytes) in memory. Each transmit descriptor consists of a
pointer to the data buffer containing transmit data (Packet) and a control word (Control).
The Packet field has a zero address offset, whereas the control field has a 4 byte address
offset, see Table 201.
Table 201. Transmit descriptor fields
Symbol

Address offset

Bytes

Description

Packet

0x0

Base address of the data buffer containing transmit data.

Control

0x4

Control information, see Table 202.

The data buffer pointer (Packet) is a 32-bit, byte aligned address value containing the
base address of the data buffer. The definition of the control word bits is listed in
Table 202.
Table 202. Transmit descriptor control word
Bit

Symbol

Description

10:0

Size

Size in bytes of the data buffer. This is the size of the frame or fragment as it needs to be fetched by the
DMA manager. In most cases it will be equal to the byte size of the data buffer pointed to by the Packet
field of the descriptor. Size is -1 encoded e.g. a buffer of 8 bytes is encoded as the Size value 7.

25:11

Unused

26

Override

Per frame override. If true, bits 30:27 will override the defaults from the MAC internal registers. If false,
bits 30:27 will be ignored and the default values from the MAC will be used.

27

Huge

If true, enables huge frame, allowing unlimited frame sizes. When false, prevents transmission of more
than the maximum frame length (MAXF[15:0]).

28

Pad

If true, pad short frames to 64 bytes.

29

CRC

If true, append a hardware CRC to the frame.

30

Last

If true, indicates that this is the descriptor for the last fragment in the transmit frame. If false, the
fragment from the next descriptor should be appended.

31

Interrupt

If true, a TxDone interrupt will be generated when the data in this frame or frame fragment has been
sent and the associated status information has been committed to memory.

Table 203 shows the one field transmit status.

Table 203. Transmit status fields
Symbol

Address offset

Bytes

Description

StatusInfo

0x0

Transmit status return flags, see Table 204.

The transmit status consists of one word which is the StatusInfo word. It contains flags
returned by the MAC and flags generated by the transmit data path reflecting the status of
the transmission. Table 204 lists the bit definitions in the StatusInfo word.

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Table 204. Transmit status information word

Bit

Symbol

Description

20:0

Unused

24:21

CollisionCount

The number of collisions this packet incurred, up to the Retransmission Maximum.

25

Defer

This packet incurred deferral, because the medium was occupied. This is not an error unless
excessive deferral occurs.

26

ExcessiveDefer

This packet incurred deferral beyond the maximum deferral limit and was aborted.

27

ExcessiveCollision

Indicates this packet exceeded the maximum collision limit and was aborted.

28

LateCollision

An Out of window Collision was seen, causing packet abort.

29

Underrun

A Tx underrun occurred due to the adapter not producing transmit data.

30

NoDescriptor

The transmit stream was interrupted because a descriptor was not available.

31

Error

An error occurred during transmission. This is a logical OR of Underrun, LateCollision,

ExcessiveCollision, and ExcessiveDefer.

For multi-fragment frames, the value of the LateCollision, ExcessiveCollision,

ExcessiveDefer, Defer and CollissionCount bits in all but the last fragment in the frame will
be 0. The status of the last fragment in the frame will copy the value for these bits from the
MAC. All fragment statuses will have valid Error, NoDescriptor and Underrun bits.

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11.16 Ethernet block functional description

This section defines the functions of the DMA capable 10/100 Ethernet MAC. After
introducing the DMA concepts of the Ethernet block, and a description of the basic
transmit and receive functions, this section elaborates on advanced features such as flow
control, receive filtering, etc.

11.16.1 Overview
The Ethernet block can transmit and receive Ethernet packets from an off-chip Ethernet
PHY connected through the MII/RMII interface. MII or RMII mode is selected by software.
Typically during system start-up, the Ethernet block will be initialized. Software
initialization of the Ethernet block should include initialization of the descriptor and status
arrays as well as the receiver fragment buffers.
Remark: when initializing the Ethernet block, it is important to first configure the PHY and
insure that reference clocks (ENET_REF_CLK signal in RMII mode, or both
ENET_RX_CLK and ENET_TX_CLK signals in MII mode) are present at the external pins
and connected to the EMAC module (selecting the appropriate pins using the IOCON
registers) prior to continuing with Ethernet configuration. Otherwise the CPU can become
locked and no further functionality will be possible. This will cause JTAG lose
communication with the target, if debug mode is being used.

To transmit a packet the software driver has to set up the appropriate Control registers
and a descriptor to point to the packet data buffer before transferring the packet to
hardware by incrementing the TxProduceIndex register. After transmission, hardware will
increment TxConsumeIndex and optionally generate an interrupt.
The hardware will receive packets from the PHY and apply filtering as configured by the
software driver. While receiving a packet the hardware will read a descriptor from memory
to find the location of the associated receiver data buffer. Receive data is written in the
data buffer and receive status is returned in the receive descriptor status word. Optionally
an interrupt can be generated to notify software that a packet has been received. Note
that the DMA manager will prefetch and buffer up to three descriptors.

11.16.2 AHB interface

The registers of the Ethernet block connect to an AHB slave interface to allow access to
the registers from the CPU.
The AHB interface has a 32-bit data path, which supports only word accesses and has an
address aperture of 4 kB. Table 149 lists the registers of the Ethernet block.
All AHB write accesses to registers are posted except for accesses to the IntSet, IntClear
and IntEnable registers. AHB write operations are executed in order.
If the PowerDown bit of the PowerDown register is set, all AHB read and write accesses
will return a read or write error except for accesses to the PowerDown register.
Bus Errors

The Ethernet block generates errors for several conditions:

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The AHB interface will return a read error when there is an AHB read access to a
write-only register; likewise a write error is returned when there is an AHB write
access to the read-only register. An AHB read or write error will be returned on AHB
read or write accesses to reserved registers. These errors are propagated back to the
CPU. Registers defined as read-only and write-only are identified in Table 149.

If the PowerDown bit is set all accesses to AHB registers will result in an error
response except for accesses to the PowerDown register.

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11.17 Interrupts
The Ethernet block has a single interrupt request output to the CPU (via the NVIC).
The interrupt service routine must read the IntStatus register to determine the origin of the
interrupt. All interrupt statuses can be set by software writing to the IntSet register;
statuses can be cleared by software writing to the IntClear register.
The transmit and receive data paths can only set interrupt statuses, they cannot clear
statuses. The SoftInt interrupt cannot be set by hardware and can be used by software for
test purposes.

11.17.1 Direct Memory Access (DMA)

Descriptor arrays

The Ethernet block includes two DMA managers. The DMA managers make it possible to
transfer frames directly to and from memory with little support from the processor and
without the need to trigger an interrupt for each frame.
The DMA managers work with arrays of frame descriptors and statuses that are stored in
memory. The descriptors and statuses act as an interface between the Ethernet hardware
and the device driver software. There is one descriptor array for receive frames and one
descriptor array for transmit frames. Using buffering for frame descriptors, the memory
traffic and memory bandwidth utilization of descriptors can be kept small.
Each frame descriptor contains two 32-bit fields: the first field is a pointer to a data buffer
containing a frame or a fragment, whereas the second field is a control word related to
that frame or fragment.
The software driver must write the base addresses of the descriptor and status arrays in
the TxDescriptor/RxDescriptor and TxStatus/RxStatus registers. The number of
descriptors/statuses in each array must be written in the
TxDescriptorNumber/RxDescriptorNumber registers. The number of descriptors in an
array corresponds to the number of statuses in the associated status array.
Transmit descriptor arrays, receive descriptor arrays and transmit status arrays must be
aligned on a 4 byte (32bit)address boundary, while the receive status array must be
aligned on a 8 byte (64bit) address boundary.
Ownership of descriptors

Both device driver software and Ethernet hardware can read and write the descriptor
arrays at the same time in order to produce and consume descriptors. A descriptor is
"owned" either by the device driver or by the Ethernet hardware. Only the owner of a
descriptor reads or writes its value. Typically, the sequence of use and ownership of
descriptors and statuses is as follows: a descriptor is owned and set up by the device
driver; ownership of the descriptor/status is passed by the device driver to the Ethernet
block, which reads the descriptor and writes information to the status field; the Ethernet
block passes ownership of the descriptor back to the device driver, which uses the status
information and then recycles the descriptor to be used for another frame. Software must
pre-allocate the memory used to hold the descriptor arrays.

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Software can hand over ownership of descriptors and statuses to the hardware by
incrementing (and wrapping if on the array boundary) the
TxProduceIndex/RxConsumeIndex registers. Hardware hands over descriptors and
status to software by updating the TxConsumeIndex/ RxProduceIndex registers.
After handing over a descriptor to the receive and transmit DMA hardware, device driver
software should not modify the descriptor or reclaim the descriptor by decrementing the
TxProduceIndex/ RxConsumeIndex registers because descriptors may have been
prefetched by the hardware. In this case the device driver software will have to wait until
the frame has been transmitted or the device driver has to soft-reset the transmit and/or
receive data paths which will also reset the descriptor arrays.
Sequential order with wrap-around

When descriptors are read from and statuses are written to the arrays, this is done in
sequential order with wrap-around. Sequential order means that when the Ethernet block
has finished reading/writing a descriptor/status, the next descriptor/status it reads/writes is
the one at the next higher, adjacent memory address. Wrap around means that when the
Ethernet block has finished reading/writing the last descriptor/status of the array (with the
highest memory address), the next descriptor/status it reads/writes is the first
descriptor/status of the array at the base address of the array.
Full and Empty state of descriptor arrays

The descriptor arrays can be empty, partially full or full. A descriptor array is empty when
all descriptors are owned by the producer. A descriptor array is partially full if both
producer and consumer own part of the descriptors and both are busy processing those
descriptors. A descriptor array is full when all descriptors (except one) are owned by the
consumer, so that the producer has no more room to process frames. Ownership of
descriptors is indicated with the use of a consume index and a produce index. The
produce index is the first element of the array owned by the producer. It is also the index
of the array element that is next going to be used by the producer of frames (it may
already be busy using it and subsequent elements). The consume index is the first
element of the array that is owned by the consumer. It is also the number of the array
element next to be consumed by the consumer of frames (it and subsequent elements
may already be in the process of being consumed). If the consume index and the produce
index are equal, the descriptor array is empty and all array elements are owned by the
producer. If the consume index equals the produce index plus one, then the array is full
and all array elements (except the one at the produce index) are owned by the consumer.
With a full descriptor array, still one array element is kept empty, to be able to easily
distinguish the full or empty state by looking at the value of the produce index and
consume index. An array must have at least 2 elements to be able to indicate a full
descriptor array with a produce index of value 0 and a consume index of value 1. The
wrap around of the arrays is taken into account when determining if a descriptor array is
full, so a produce index that indicates the last element in the array and a consume index
that indicates the first element in the array, also means the descriptor array is full. When
the produce index and the consume index are unequal and the consume index is not the
produce index plus one (with wrap around taken into account), then the descriptor array is
partially full and both the consumer and producer own enough descriptors to be able to
operate actively on the descriptor array.
Interrupt bit

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The descriptors have an Interrupt bit, which is programmed by software. When the
Ethernet block is processing a descriptor and finds this bit set, it will allow triggering an
interrupt (after committing status to memory) by passing the RxDoneInt or TxDoneInt bits
in the IntStatus register to the interrupt output pin. If the Interrupt bit is not set in the
descriptor, then the RxDoneInt or TxDoneInt are not set and no interrupt is triggered (note
that the corresponding bits in IntEnable must also be set to trigger interrupts). This offers
flexible ways of managing the descriptor arrays. For instance, the device driver could add
10 frames to the Tx descriptor array, and set the Interrupt bit in descriptor number 5 in the
descriptor array. This would invoke the interrupt service routine before the transmit
descriptor array is completely exhausted. The device driver could add another batch of
frames to the descriptor array, without interrupting continuous transmission of frames.
Frame fragments

For maximum flexibility in frame storage, frames can be split up into multiple frame
fragments with fragments located in different places in memory. In this case one
descriptor is used for each frame fragment. So, a descriptor can point to a single frame or
to a fragment of a frame. By using fragments, scatter/gather DMA can be done: transmit
frames are gathered from multiple fragments in memory and receive frames can be
scattered to multiple fragments in memory.
By stringing together fragments it is possible to create large frames from small memory
areas. Another use of fragments is to be able to locate a frame header and frame payload
in different places and to concatenate them without copy operations in the device driver.
For transmissions, the Last bit in the descriptor Control field indicates if the fragment is the
last in a frame; for receive frames, the LastFrag bit in the StatusInfo field of the status
words indicates if the fragment is the last in the frame. If the Last(Frag) bit is 0 the next
descriptor belongs to the same Ethernet frame, If the Last(Frag) bit is 1 the next descriptor
is a new Ethernet frame.

11.17.2 Initialization
After reset, the Ethernet software driver needs to initialize the Ethernet block. During
initialization the software needs to:

Remove the soft reset condition from the MAC.

Configure the PHY via the MIIM interface of the MAC.
Remark: it is important to configure the PHY and insure that reference clocks
(ENET_REF_CLK signal in RMII mode, or both ENET_RX_CLK and ENET_TX_CLK
signals in MII mode) are present at the external pins and connected to the EMAC
module (selecting the appropriate pins using the IOCON registers) prior to continuing
with Ethernet configuration. Otherwise the CPU can become locked and no further
functionality will be possible. This will cause JTAG lose communication with the target,
if debug mode is being used.

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Select MII or RMII mode

Configure the transmit and receive DMA engines, including the descriptor arrays.
Configure the host registers (MAC1,MAC2 etc.) in the MAC.
Enable the receive and transmit data paths.

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Depending on the PHY, the software needs to initialize registers in the PHY via the MII
Management interface. The software can read and write PHY registers by programming
the MCFG, MCMD, MADR registers of the MAC. Write data should be written to the
MWTD register; read data and status information can be read from the MRDD and MIND
registers.
The Ethernet block supports MII and RMII PHYs. During initialization software must select
MII or RMII mode by programming the Command register.
Before switching to RMII mode the default soft reset (MAC1 register bit 15) has to be
de-asserted. The clock(s) from the PHY must be running and internally connected during
this operation.
Transmit and receive DMA engines should be initialized by the device driver by allocating
the descriptor and status arrays in memory. Transmit and receive functions have their own
dedicated descriptor and status arrays. The base addresses of these arrays need to be
programmed in the TxDescriptor/TxStatus and RxDescriptor/RxStatus registers. The
number of descriptors in an array matches the number of statuses in an array.
Please note that the transmit descriptors, receive descriptors and receive statuses are 8
bytes each while the transmit statuses are 4 bytes each. All descriptor arrays and transmit
statuses need to be aligned on 4 byte boundaries; receive status arrays need to be
aligned on 8 byte boundaries. The number of descriptors in the descriptor arrays needs to
be written to the TxDescriptorNumber/RxDescriptorNumber registers using a -1 encoding
i.e. the value in the registers is the number of descriptors minus one e.g. if the descriptor
array has 4 descriptors the value of the number of descriptors register should be 3.
After setting up the descriptor arrays, frame buffers need to be allocated for the receive
descriptors before enabling the receive data path. The Packet field of the receive
descriptors needs to be filled with the base address of the frame buffer of that descriptor.
Amongst others the Control field in the receive descriptor needs to contain the size of the
data buffer using -1 encoding.
The receive data path has a configurable filtering function for discarding/ignoring specific
Ethernet frames. The filtering function should also be configured during initialization.
After an assertion of the hardware reset, the soft reset bit in the MAC will be asserted. The
soft reset condition must be removed before the Ethernet block can be enabled.
Enabling of the receive function is located in two places. The receive DMA manager
needs to be enabled and the receive data path of the MAC needs to be enabled. To
prevent overflow in the receive DMA engine the receive DMA engine should be enabled
by setting the RxEnable bit in the Command register before enabling the receive data path
in the MAC by setting the RECEIVE ENABLE bit in the MAC1 register.
The transmit DMA engine can be enabled at any time by setting the TxEnable bit in the
Command register.
Before enabling the data paths, several options can be programmed in the MAC, such as
automatic flow control, transmit to receive loop-back for verification, full/half duplex
modes, etc.
Base addresses of descriptor arrays and descriptor array sizes cannot be modified
without a (soft) reset of the receive and transmit data paths.
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11.17.3 Transmit process

Overview

This section outlines the transmission process.

Device driver sets up descriptors and data

If the descriptor array is full the device driver should wait for the descriptor arrays to
become not full before writing to a descriptor in the descriptor array. If the descriptor array
is not full, the device driver should use the descriptor numbered TxProduceIndex of the
array pointed to by TxDescriptor.
The Packet pointer in the descriptor is set to point to a data frame or frame fragment to be
transmitted. The Size field in the Command field of the descriptor should be set to the
number of bytes in the fragment buffer, -1 encoded. Additional control information can be
indicated in the Control field in the descriptor (bits Interrupt, Last, CRC, Pad).
After writing the descriptor the descriptor needs to be handed over to the hardware by
incrementing (and possibly wrapping) the TxProduceIndex register.
If the transmit data path is disabled, the device driver should not forget to enable the
transmit data path by setting the TxEnable bit in the Command register.
When there is a multi-fragment transmission for fragments other than the last, the Last bit
in the descriptor must be set to 0; for the last fragment the Last bit must be set to 1. To
trigger an interrupt when the frame has been transmitted and transmission status has
been committed to memory, set the Interrupt bit in the descriptor Control field to 1. To have
the hardware add a CRC in the frame sequence control field of this Ethernet frame, set
the CRC bit in the descriptor. This should be done if the CRC has not already been added
by software. To enable automatic padding of small frames to the minimum required frame
size, set the Pad bit in the Control field of the descriptor to 1. In typical applications bits
CRC and Pad are both set to 1.
The device driver can set up interrupts using the IntEnable register to wait for a signal of
completion from the hardware or can periodically inspect (poll) the progress of
transmission. It can also add new frames at the end of the descriptor array, while
hardware consumes descriptors at the start of the array.
The device driver can stop the transmit process by resetting the TxEnable bit in the
Command register to 0. The transmission will not stop immediately; frames already being
transmitted will be transmitted completely and the status will be committed to memory
before deactivating the data path. The status of the transmit data path can be monitored
by the device driver reading the TxStatus bit in the Status register.
As soon as the transmit data path is enabled and the corresponding TxConsumeIndex
and TxProduceIndex are not equal i.e. the hardware still needs to process frames from
the descriptor array, the TxStatus bit in the Status register will return to 1 (active).
Tx DMA manager reads the Tx descriptor array

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When the TxEnable bit is set, the Tx DMA manager reads the descriptors from memory at
the address determined by TxDescriptor and TxConsumeIndex. The number of
descriptors requested is determined by the total number of descriptors owned by the
hardware: TxProduceIndex - TxConsumeIndex. Block transferring descriptors minimizes
memory loading. Read data returned from memory is buffered and consumed as needed.
Tx DMA manager transmits data

After reading the descriptor the transmit DMA engine reads the associated frame data
from memory and transmits the frame. After transfer completion, the Tx DMA manager
writes status information back to the StatusInfo and StatusHashCRC words of the status
field. The value of the TxConsumeIndex is only updated after status information has been
committed to memory, which is checked by an internal tag protocol in the memory
interface. The Tx DMA manager continues to transmit frames until the descriptor array is
empty. If the transmit descriptor array is empty the TxStatus bit in the Status register will
return to 0 (inactive). If the descriptor array is empty the Ethernet hardware will set the
TxFinishedInt bit of the IntStatus register. The transmit data path will still be enabled.
The Tx DMA manager inspects the Last bit of the descriptor Control field when loading the
descriptor. If the Last bit is 0, this indicates that the frame consists of multiple fragments.
The Tx DMA manager gathers all the fragments from the host memory, visiting a string of
frame descriptors, and sends them out as one Ethernet frame on the Ethernet connection.
When the Tx DMA manager finds a descriptor with the Last bit in the Control field set to 1,
this indicates the last fragment of the frame and thus the end of the frame is found.
Update ConsumeIndex

Each time the Tx DMA manager commits a status word to memory it completes the
transmission of a descriptor and it increments the TxConsumeIndex (taking wrap around
into account) to hand the descriptor back to the device driver software. Software can
re-use the descriptor for new transmissions after hardware has handed it back.
The device driver software can keep track of the progress of the DMA manager by reading
the TxConsumeIndex register to see how far along the transmit process is. When the Tx
descriptor array is emptied completely, the TxConsumeIndex register retains its last value.
Write transmission status

After the frame has been transmitted over the MII/RMII bus, the StatusInfo word of the
frame descriptor is updated by the DMA manager.
If the descriptor is for the last fragment of a frame (or for the whole frame if there are no
fragments), then depending on the success or failure of the frame transmission, error
flags (Error, LateCollision, ExcessiveCollision, Underrun, ExcessiveDefer, Defer) are set
in the status. The CollisionCount field is set to the number of collisions the frame incurred,
up to the Retransmission Maximum programmed in the Collision window/retry register of
the MAC.
Statuses for all but the last fragment in the frame will be written as soon as the data in the
frame has been accepted by the Tx DMA manager. Even if the descriptor is for a frame
fragment other than the last fragment, the error flags are returned via the AHB interface. If
the Ethernet block detects a transmission error during transmission of a (multi-fragment)
frame, all remaining fragments of the frame are still read via the AHB interface. After an
error, the remaining transmit data is discarded by the Ethernet block. If there are errors
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during transmission of a multi-fragment frame the error statuses will be repeated until the
last fragment of the frame. Statuses for all but the last fragment in the frame will be written
as soon as the data in the frame has been accepted by the Tx DMA manager. These may
include error information if the error is detected early enough. The status for the last
fragment in the frame will only be written after the transmission has completed on the
Ethernet connection. Thus, the status for the last fragment will always reflect any error
that occurred anywhere in the frame.
The status of the last frame transmission can also be inspected by reading the TSV0 and
TSV1 registers. These registers do not report statuses on a fragment basis and do not
store information of previously sent frames. They are provided primarily for debug
purposes, because the communication between driver software and the Ethernet block
takes place through the frame descriptors. The status registers are valid as long as the
internal status of the MAC is valid and should typically only be read when the transmit and
receive processes are halted.
Transmission error handling

If an error occurs during the transmit process, the Tx DMA manager will report the error
via the transmission StatusInfo word written in the Status array and the IntStatus interrupt
status register.
The transmission can generate several types of errors: LateCollision, ExcessiveCollision,
ExcessiveDefer, Underrun, and NoDescriptor. All have corresponding bits in the
transmission StatusInfo word. In addition to the separate bits in the StatusInfo word,
LateCollision, ExcessiveCollision, and ExcessiveDefer are ORed together into the Error
bit of the Status. Errors are also propagated to the IntStatus register; the TxError bit in the
IntStatus register is set in the case of a LateCollision, ExcessiveCollision, ExcessiveDefer,
or NoDescriptor error; Underrun errors are reported in the TxUnderrun bit of the IntStatus
register.
Underrun errors can have three causes:

The next fragment in a multi-fragment transmission is not available. This is a nonfatal

error. A NoDescriptor status will be returned on the previous fragment and the TxError
bit in IntStatus will be set.

The transmission fragment data is not available when the Ethernet block has already
started sending the frame. This is a nonfatal error. An Underrun status will be returned
on transfer and the TxError bit in IntStatus will be set.

The flow of transmission statuses stalls and a new status has to be written while a
previous status still waits to be transferred across the memory interface. This is a fatal
error which can only be resolved by a soft reset of the hardware.
The first and second situations are nonfatal and the device driver has to re-send the frame
or have upper software layers re-send the frame. In the third case the hardware is in an
undefined state and needs to be soft reset by setting the TxReset bit in the Command
register.
After reporting a LateCollision, ExcessiveCollision, ExcessiveDefer or Underrun error, the
transmission of the erroneous frame will be aborted, remaining transmission data and
frame fragments will be discarded and transmission will continue with the next frame in
the descriptor array.

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Device drivers should catch the transmission errors and take action.
Transmit triggers interrupts

The transmit data path can generate four different interrupt types:

If the Interrupt bit in the descriptor Control field is set, the Tx DMA will set the
TxDoneInt bit in the IntStatus register after sending the fragment and committing the
associated transmission status to memory. Even if a descriptor (fragment) is not the
last in a multi-fragment frame the Interrupt bit in the descriptor can be used to
generate an interrupt.

If the descriptor array is empty while the Ethernet hardware is enabled the hardware
will set the TxFinishedInt bit of the IntStatus register.

If the AHB interface does not consume the transmission statuses at a sufficiently high
bandwidth the transmission may underrun in which case the TxUnderrun bit will be set
in the IntStatus register. This is a fatal error which requires a soft reset of the
transmission queue.

In the case of a transmission error (LateCollision, ExcessiveCollision, or

ExcessiveDefer) or a multi-fragment frame where the device driver did provide the
initial fragments but did not provide the rest of the fragments (NoDescriptor) or in the
case of a nonfatal overrun, the hardware will set the TxErrorInt bit of the IntStatus
register.
All of the above interrupts can be enabled and disabled by setting or resetting the
corresponding bits in the IntEnable register. Enabling or disabling does not affect the
IntStatus register contents, only the propagation of the interrupt status to the CPU (via the
NVIC).
The interrupts, either of individual frames or of the whole list, are a good means of
communication between the DMA manager and the device driver, triggering the device
driver to inspect the status words of descriptors that have been processed.
Transmit example

Figure 24 illustrates the transmit process in an example transmitting uses a frame header
of 8 bytes and a frame payload of 12 bytes.

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status 0

StatusInfo

status 1

StatusInfo

status 2

StatusInfo

StatusInfo

0x200811F8

0x200811FC

3
Control
0x20081100 1 1 CONTROL

0x2008132B

Packet
0x20081419

0x20081324

0x200810FC

0 0 CONTROL
7
Control

descriptor 2

descriptor array

0x200810F8

Packet
0x20081411

descriptor 1

PACKET 0 PAYLOAD (12 bytes)

0x200810F4

0x20081108

7
0 0 CONTROL
Control
descriptor array

descriptor 3

0x20081104

0x20081204

TxProduceIndex

PACKET 1 HEADER (8 bytes)

Packet
0x20081324

0x20081200

status array

0x2008141C

0x20081419

0 0 CONTROL
Control
7

0x20081411

PACKET 0 HEADER (8 bytes)

Packet
0x20081314

descriptor 0

0x200810F0

TxStatus
0x200811F8

status 3

0x20081314

TxDescriptor
0x200810EC

0x200810EC

0x2008131B

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TxConsumeIndex
TxDescriptorNumber
=3

fragment buffers

status array

Fig 24. Transmit example memory and registers

After reset the values of the DMA registers will be zero. During initialization the device
driver will allocate the descriptor and status array in memory. In this example, an array of
four descriptors is allocated; the array is 4x2x4 bytes and aligned on a 4 byte address
boundary. Since the number of descriptors matches the number of statuses the status
array consists of four elements; the array is 4x1x4 bytes and aligned on a 4 byte address
boundary. The device driver writes the base address of the descriptor array
(0x2008 10EC) to the TxDescriptor register and the base address of the status array
(0x2008 11F8) to the TxStatus register. The device driver writes the number of descriptors
and statuses minus 1(3) to the TxDescriptorNumber register. The descriptors and
statuses in the arrays need not be initialized, yet.
At this point, the transmit data path may be enabled by setting the TxEnable bit in the
Command register. If the transmit data path is enabled while there are no further frames to
send the TxFinishedInt interrupt flag will be set. To reduce the processor interrupt load
only the desired interrupts can be enabled by setting the relevant bits in the IntEnable
register.
Now suppose application software wants to transmit a frame of 12 bytes using a TCP/IP
protocol (in real applications frames will be larger than 12 bytes). The TCP/IP stack will
add a header to the frame. The frame header need not be immediately in front of the
payload data in memory. The device driver can program the Tx DMA to collect header and
payload data. To do so, the device driver will program the first descriptor to point at the
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frame header; the Last flag in the descriptor will be set to false/0 to indicate a
multi-fragment transmission. The device driver will program the next descriptor to point at
the actual payload data. The maximum size of a payload buffer is 2 kB so a single
descriptor suffices to describe the payload buffer. For the sake of the example though the
payload is distributed across two descriptors. After the first descriptor in the array
describing the header, the second descriptor in the array describes the initial 8 bytes of
the payload; the third descriptor in the array describes the remaining 4 bytes of the frame.
In the third descriptor the Last bit in the Control word is set to true/1 to indicate it is the last
descriptor in the frame. In this example the Interrupt bit in the descriptor Control field is set
in the last fragment of the frame in order to trigger an interrupt after the transmission
completed. The Size field in the descriptors Control word is set to the number of bytes in
the fragment buffer, -1 encoded.
Note that in real device drivers, the payload will typically only be split across multiple
descriptors if it is more than 2 kB. Also note that transmission payload data is forwarded to
the hardware without the device driver copying it (zero copy device driver).
After setting up the descriptors for the transaction the device driver increments the
TxProduceIndex register by 3 since three descriptors have been programmed. If the
transmit data path was not enabled during initialization the device driver needs to enable
the data path now.
If the transmit data path is enabled the Ethernet block will start transmitting the frame as
soon as it detects the TxProduceIndex is not equal to TxConsumeIndex - both were zero
after reset. The Tx DMA will start reading the descriptors from memory. The memory
system will return the descriptors and the Ethernet block will accept them one by one
while reading the transmit data fragments.
As soon as transmission read data is returned from memory, the Ethernet block will try to
start transmission on the Ethernet connection via the MII/RMII interface.
After transmitting each fragment of the frame the Tx DMA will write the status of the
fragments transmission. Statuses for all but the last fragment in the frame will be written
as soon as the data in the frame has been accepted by the Tx DMA manager. The status
for the last fragment in the frame will only be written after the transmission has completed
on the Ethernet connection.
Since the Interrupt bit in the descriptor of the last fragment is set, after committing the
status of the last fragment to memory the Ethernet block will trigger a TxDoneInt interrupt,
which triggers the device driver to inspect the status information.
In this example the device driver cannot add new descriptors as long as the Ethernet
block has not incremented the TxConsumeIndex because the descriptor array is full (even
though one descriptor is not programmed yet). Only after the hardware commits the status
for the first fragment to memory and the TxConsumeIndex is set to 1 by the DMA manager
can the device driver program the next (the fourth) descriptor. The fourth descriptor can
already be programmed before completely transmitting the first frame.
In this example the hardware adds the CRC to the frame. If the device driver software
adds the CRC, the CRC trailer can be considered another frame fragment which can be
added by doing another gather DMA.

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Each data byte is transmitted across the MII interface as two 4-bit values or the RMII
interface as four 2-bit values. The Ethernet block adds the preamble, frame delimiter
leader, and the CRC trailer if hardware CRC is enabled. Once transmission on the
MII/RMII interface commences the transmission cannot be interrupted without generating
an underrun error, which is why descriptors and data read commands are issued as soon
as possible and pipelined.
Using an MII PHY, the data communication between the Ethernet block and the PHY is
done at a 25 MHz rate. With an RMII PHY, the data communication between the Ethernet
block and the PHY is at a 50 MHz rate. In 10 Mbps mode data will only be transmitted
once every 10 clock cycles.

11.17.4 Receive process

This section outlines the receive process including the activities in the device driver
software.
Device driver sets up descriptors

After initializing the receive descriptor and status arrays to receive frames from the
Ethernet connection, the receive data path should be enabled in the MAC1 register and
the Control register.
During initialization, each Packet pointer in the descriptors is set to point to a data
fragment buffer. The size of the buffer is stored in the Size bits of the Control field of the
descriptor. Additionally, the Control field in the descriptor has an Interrupt bit. The Interrupt
bit allows generation of an interrupt after a fragment buffer has been filled and its status
has been committed to memory.
After the initialization and enabling of the receive data path, all descriptors are owned by
the receive hardware and should not be modified by the software unless hardware hands
over the descriptor by incrementing the RxProduceIndex, indicating that a frame has been
received. The device driver is allowed to modify the descriptors after a (soft) reset of the
receive data path.
Rx DMA manager reads Rx descriptor arrays

When the RxEnable bit in the Command register is set, the Rx DMA manager reads the
descriptors from memory at the address determined by RxDescriptor and
RxProduceIndex. The Ethernet block will start reading descriptors even before actual
receive data arrives on the MII/RMII interface (descriptor prefetching). The block size of
the descriptors to be read is determined by the total number of descriptors owned by the
hardware: RxConsumeIndex - RxProduceIndex - 1. Block transferring of descriptors
minimizes memory load. Read data returned from memory is buffered and consumed as
needed.
RX DMA manager receives data

After reading the descriptor, the receive DMA engine waits for the MAC to return receive
data from the MII/RMII interface that passes the receive filter. Receive frames that do not
match the filtering criteria are not passed to memory. Once a frame passes the receive
filter, the data is written in the fragment buffer associated with the descriptor. The Rx DMA
does not write beyond the size of the buffer. When a frame is received that is larger than a
descriptors fragment buffer, the frame will be written to multiple fragment buffers of
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consecutive descriptors. In the case of a multi-fragment reception, all but the last fragment
in the frame will return a status where the LastFrag bit is set to 0. Only on the last
fragment of a frame the LastFrag bit in the status will be set to 1. If a fragment buffer is the
last of a frame, the buffer may not be filled completely. The first receive data of the next
frame will be written to the fragment buffer of the next descriptor.
After receiving a fragment, the Rx DMA manager writes status information back to the
StatusInfo and StatusHashCRC words of the status. The Ethernet block writes the size in
bytes of a descriptors fragment buffer in the RxSize field of the Status word. The value of
the RxProduceIndex is only updated after the fragment data and the fragment status
information has been committed to memory, which is checked by an internal tag protocol
in the memory interface. The Rx DMA manager continues to receive frames until the
descriptor array is full. If the descriptor array is full, the Ethernet hardware will set the
RxFinishedInt bit of the IntStatus register. The receive data path will still be enabled. If the
receive descriptor array is full any new receive data will generate an overflow error and
interrupt.
Update ProduceIndex

Each time the Rx DMA manager commits a data fragment and the associated status word
to memory, it completes the reception of a descriptor and increments the RxProduceIndex
(taking wrap around into account) in order to hand the descriptor back to the device driver
software. Software can re-use the descriptor for new receptions by handing it back to
hardware when the receive data has been processed.
The device driver software can keep track of the progress of the DMA manager by reading
the RxProduceIndex register to see how far along the receive process is. When the Rx
descriptor array is emptied completely, the RxProduceIndex retains its last value.
Write reception status

After the frame has been received from the MII/RMII bus, the StatusInfo and
StatusHashCRC words of the frame descriptor are updated by the DMA manager.
If the descriptor is for the last fragment of a frame (or for the whole frame if there are no
fragments), then depending on the success or failure of the frame reception, error flags
(Error, NoDescriptor, Overrun, AlignmentError, RangeError, LengthError, SymbolError, or
CRCError) are set in StatusInfo. The RxSize field is set to the number of bytes actually
written to the fragment buffer, -1 encoded. For fragments not being the last in the frame
the RxSize will match the size of the buffer. The hash CRCs of the destination and source
addresses of a packet are calculated once for all the fragments belonging to the same
packet and then stored in every StatusHashCRC word of the statuses associated with the
corresponding fragments. If the reception reports an error, any remaining data in the
receive frame is discarded and the LastFrag bit will be set in the receive status field, so
the error flags in all but the last fragment of a frame will always be 0.
The status of the last received frame can also be inspected by reading the RSV register.
The register does not report statuses on a fragment basis and does not store information
of previously received frames. RSV is provided primarily for debug purposes, because the
communication between driver software and the Ethernet block takes place through the
frame descriptors.
Reception error handling
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When an error occurs during the receive process, the Rx DMA manager will report the
error via the receive StatusInfo written in the Status array and the IntStatus interrupt status
register.
The receive process can generate several types of errors: AlignmentError, RangeError,
LengthError, SymbolError, CRCError, Overrun, and NoDescriptor. All have corresponding
bits in the receive StatusInfo. In addition to the separate bits in the StatusInfo,
AlignmentError, RangeError, LengthError, SymbolError, and CRCError are ORed together
into the Error bit of the StatusInfo. Errors are also propagated to the IntStatus register; the
RxError bit in the IntStatus register is set if there is an AlignmentError, RangeError,
LengthError, SymbolError, CRCError, or NoDescriptor error; nonfatal overrun errors are
reported in the RxError bit of the IntStatus register; fatal Overrun errors are report in the
RxOverrun bit of the IntStatus register. On fatal overrun errors, the Rx data path needs to
be soft reset by setting the RxReset bit in the Command register.
Overrun errors can have three causes:

In the case of a multi-fragment reception, the next descriptor may be missing. In this
case the NoDescriptor field is set in the status word of the previous descriptor and the
RxError in the IntStatus register is set. This error is nonfatal.

The data flow on the receiver data interface stalls, corrupting the packet. In this case
the overrun bit in the status word is set and the RxError bit in the IntStatus register is
set. This error is nonfatal.

The flow of reception statuses stalls and a new status has to be written while a
previous status still waits to be transferred across the memory interface. This error will
corrupt the hardware state and requires the hardware to be soft reset. The error is
detected and sets the Overrun bit in the IntStatus register.
The first overrun situation will result in an incomplete frame with a NoDescriptor status
and the RxError bit in IntStatus set. Software should discard the partially received frame.
In the second overrun situation the frame data will be corrupt which results in the Overrun
status bit being set in the Status word while the IntError interrupt bit is set. In the third case
receive errors cannot be reported in the receiver Status arrays which corrupts the
hardware state; the errors will still be reported in the IntStatus registers Overrun bit. The
RxReset bit in the Command register should be used to soft reset the hardware.
Device drivers should catch the above receive errors and take action.
Receive triggers interrupts

The receive data path can generate four different interrupt types:

If the Interrupt bit in the descriptor Control field is set, the Rx DMA will set the
RxDoneInt bit in the IntStatus register after receiving a fragment and committing the
associated data and status to memory. Even if a descriptor (fragment) is not the last in
a multi-fragment frame, the Interrupt bit in the descriptor can be used to generate an
interrupt.

If the descriptor array is full while the Ethernet hardware is enabled, the hardware will
set the RxFinishedInt bit of the IntStatus register.

If the AHB interface does not consume receive statuses at a sufficiently high
bandwidth, the receive status process may overrun, in which case the RxOverrun bit
will be set in the IntStatus register.
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If there is a receive error (AlignmentError, RangeError, LengthError, SymbolError, or

CRCError), or a multi-fragment frame where the device driver did provide descriptors
for the initial fragments but did not provide the descriptors for the rest of the
fragments, or if a nonfatal data Overrun occurred, the hardware will set the RxErrorInt
bit of the IntStatus register.
All of the above interrupts can be enabled and disabled by setting or resetting the
corresponding bits in the IntEnable register. Enabling or disabling does not affect the
IntStatus register contents, only the propagation of the interrupt status to the CPU (via the
NVIC).
The interrupts, either of individual frames or of the whole list, are a good means of
communication between the DMA manager and the device driver, triggering the device
driver to inspect the status words of descriptors that have been processed.
Device driver processes receive data

As a response to status (e.g. RxDoneInt) interrupts or polling of the RxProduceIndex, the

device driver can read the descriptors that have been handed over to it by the hardware
(RxProduceIndex - RxConsumeIndex). The device driver should inspect the status words
in the status array to check for multi-fragment receptions and receive errors.
The device driver can forward receive data and status to upper software layers. After
processing of data and status, the descriptors, statuses and data buffers may be recycled
and handed back to hardware by incrementing the RxConsumeIndex.
Receive example

Figure 25 illustrates the receive process in an example receiving a frame of 19 bytes.

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Status 0
Status 1

1 CONTROL 7

0x20081418

0x200810F0

0x20081411

FRAGMENT 0 BUFFER(8 bytes)

PACKET
0x20081409

Descriptor 0

0x200810EC

RxStatus
0x200811F8

StatusInfo

0x200811F8

StatusHashCRC
StatusInfo

0x20081200

StatusHashCRC

Status 2
Status 3

0x2008141B

0x200810F8 1 CONTROL 7

0x20081419

PACKET
0x20081411

0x20081100 1 CONTROL 7

0x20081325

PACKET
0x20081419

StatusInfo

0x20081208

StatusHashCRC
StatusInfo

0x20081210

StatusHashCRC

0x2008132C

FRAGMENT 2 BUFFER(3 bytes)

0x200810FC

Descriptor 2

descriptor array

0x200810F4

Descriptor 1

FRAGMENT 1 BUFFER(8 bytes)

status array

RxDescriptor
0x200810EC

0x20081410

0x20081409

Chapter 11: LPC178x/7x Ethernet

FRAGMENT 3 BUFFER(8 bytes)

0x20081108

1 CONTROL 7
descriptor array

RxProduceIndex

Descriptor 3

0x20081104

PACKET
0x20081325

RxConsumeIndex
RxDescriptorNumber= 3
fragment buffers

status array

Fig 25. Receive Example Memory and Registers

After reset, the values of the DMA registers will be zero. During initialization, the device
driver will allocate the descriptor and status array in memory. In this example, an array of
four descriptors is allocated; the array is 4x2x4 bytes and aligned on a 4 byte address
boundary. Since the number of descriptors matches the number of statuses, the status
array consists of four elements; the array is 4x2x4 bytes and aligned on a 8 byte address
boundary. The device driver writes the base address of the descriptor array
(0x2008 10EC) in the RxDescriptor register, and the base address of the status array
(0x2008 11F8) in the RxStatus register. The device driver writes the number of descriptors
and statuses minus 1 (3) in the RxDescriptorNumber register. The descriptors and
statuses in the arrays need not be initialized yet.
After allocating the descriptors, a fragment buffer needs to be allocated for each of the
descriptors. Each fragment buffer can be between 1 byte and 2 k bytes. The base
address of the fragment buffer is stored in the Packet field of the descriptors. The number
of bytes in the fragment buffer is stored in the Size field of the descriptor Control word.
The Interrupt field in the Control word of the descriptor can be set to generate an interrupt
as soon as the descriptor has been filled by the receive process. In this example the
fragment buffers are 8 bytes, so the value of the Size field in the Control word of the
descriptor is set to 7. Note that in this example, the fragment buffers are actually a

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continuous memory space; even when a frame is distributed over multiple fragments it will
typically be in a linear, continuous memory space; when the descriptors wrap at the end of
the descriptor array the frame will not be in a continuous memory space.
The device driver should enable the receive process by writing a 1 to the RxEnable bit of
the Command register, after which the MAC needs to be enabled by writing a 1 to the
RECEIVE ENABLE bit of the MAC1 configuration register. The Ethernet block will now
start receiving Ethernet frames. To reduce the processor interrupt load, some interrupts
can be disabled by setting the relevant bits in the IntEnable register.
After the Rx DMA manager is enabled, it will start issuing descriptor read commands. In
this example the number of descriptors is 4. Initially the RxProduceIndex and
RxConsumeIndex are 0. Since the descriptor array is considered full if RxProduceIndex
== RxConsumeIndex - 1, the Rx DMA manager can only read (RxConsumeIndex RxProduceIndex - 1 =) 3 descriptors; note the wrapping.
After enabling the receive function in the MAC, data reception will begin starting at the
next frame i.e. if the receive function is enabled while the MII/RMII interface is halfway
through receiving a frame, the frame will be discarded and reception will start at the next
frame. The Ethernet block will strip the preamble and start of frame delimiter from the
frame. If the frame passes the receive filtering, the Rx DMA manager will start writing the
frame to the first fragment buffer.
Suppose the frame is 19 bytes long. Due to the buffer sizes specified in this example, the
frame will be distributed over three fragment buffers. After writing the initial 8 bytes in the
first fragment buffer, the status for the first fragment buffer will be written and the Rx DMA
will continue filling the second fragment buffer. Since this is a multi-fragment receive, the
status of the first fragment will have a 0 for the LastFrag bit in the StatusInfo word; the
RxSize field will be set to 7 (8, -1 encoded). After writing the 8 bytes in the second
fragment the Rx DMA will continue writing the third fragment. The status of the second
fragment will be like the status of the first fragment: LastFrag = 0, RxSize = 7. After writing
the three bytes in the third fragment buffer, the end of the frame has been reached and the
status of the third fragment is written. The third fragments status will have the LastFrag bit
set to 1 and the RxSize equal to 2 (3, -1 encoded).
The next frame received from the MII/RMII interface will be written to the fourth fragment
buffer i.e. five bytes of the third buffer will be unused.
The Rx DMA manager uses an internal tag protocol in the memory interface to check that
the receive data and status have been committed to memory. After the status of the
fragments are committed to memory, an RxDoneInt interrupt will be triggered, which
activates the device driver to inspect the status information. In this example, all
descriptors have the Interrupt bit set in the Control word i.e. all descriptors will generate
an interrupt after committing data and status to memory.
In this example the receive function cannot read new descriptors as long as the device
driver does not increment the RxConsumeIndex, because the descriptor array is full (even
though one descriptor is not programmed yet). Only after the device driver has forwarded
the receive data to application software, and after the device driver has updated the
RxConsumeIndex by incrementing it, will the Ethernet block can continue reading
descriptors and receive data. The device driver will probably increment the
RxConsumeIndex by 3, since the driver will forward the complete frame consisting of
three fragments to the application, and hence free up three descriptors at the same time.
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Each pair of nibbles transferred on the MII interface (or four pairs of bits for RMII) are
transferred as a byte on the data write interface after being delayed by 128 or 136 cycles
for filtering by the receive filter and buffer modules. The Ethernet block removes
preamble, frame start delimiter, and CRC from the data and checks the CRC. To limit the
buffer NoDescriptor error probability, three descriptors are buffered. The value of the
RxProduceIndex is only updated after status information has been committed to memory,
which is checked by an internal tag protocol in the memory interface. The software device
driver will process the receive data, after which the device driver will update the
RxConsumeIndex.
For an RMII PHY the data between the Ethernet block and the PHY is communicated at
half the data-width and twice the clock frequency (50 MHz).

11.17.5 Transmission retry

If a collision on the Ethernet occurs, it usually takes place during the collision window
spanning the first 64 bytes of a frame. If collision is detected, the Ethernet block will retry
the transmission. For this purpose, the first 64 bytes of a frame are buffered, so that this
data can be used during the retry. A transmission retry within the first 64 bytes in a frame
is fully transparent to the application and device driver software.
When a collision occurs outside of the 64 byte collision window, a LateCollision error is
triggered, and the transmission is aborted. After a LateCollision error, the remaining data
in the transmit frame will be discarded. The Ethernet block will set the Error and
LateCollision bits in the frames status fields. The TxError bit in the IntStatus register will
be set. If the corresponding bit in the IntEnable register is set, the TxError bit in the
IntStatus register will be propagated to the CPU (via the NVIC). The device driver software
should catch the interrupt and take appropriate actions.
The RETRANSMISSION MAXIMUM field of the CLRT register can be used to configure
the maximum number of retries before aborting the transmission.

11.17.6 Status hash CRC calculations

For each received frame, the Ethernet block is able to detect the destination address and
source address and from them calculate the corresponding hash CRCs. To perform the
computation, the Ethernet block features two internal blocks: one is a controller
synchronized with the beginning and the end of each frame, the second block is the CRC
calculator.
When a new frame is detected, internal signaling notifies the controller.The controller
starts counting the incoming bytes of the frame, which correspond to the destination
address bytes. When the sixth (and last) byte is counted, the controller notifies the
calculator to store the corresponding 32-bit CRC into a first inner register. Then the
controller repeats counting the next incoming bytes, in order to get synchronized with the
source address. When the last byte of the source address is encountered, the controller
again notifies the CRC calculator, which freezes until the next new frame. When the
calculator receives this second notification, it stores the present 32-bit CRC into a second
inner register. Then the CRCs remain frozen in their own registers until new notifications
arise.

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The destination address and source address hash CRCs being written in the
StatusHashCRC word are the nine most significant bits of the 32-bit CRCs as calculated
by the CRC calculator.

11.17.7 Duplex modes

The Ethernet block can operate in full duplex and half duplex mode. Half or full duplex
mode needs to be configured by the device driver software during initialization.
For a full duplex connection the FullDuplex bit of the Command register needs to be set to
1 and the FULL-DUPLEX bit of the MAC2 configuration register needs to be set to 1; for
half duplex the same bits need to be set to 0.

11.17.8 IEE 802.3/Clause 31 flow control

Overview

For full duplex connections, the Ethernet block supports IEEE 802.3/clause 31 flow control
using pause frames. This type of flow control may be used in full-duplex point-to-point
connections. Flow control allows a receiver to stall a transmitter e.g. when the receive
buffers are (almost) full. For this purpose, the receiving side sends a pause frame to the
transmitting side.
Pause frames use units of 512 bit times corresponding to 128 rx_clk/tx_clk cycles.
Receive flow control

In full-duplex mode, the Ethernet block will suspend its transmissions when the it receives
a pause frame. Rx flow control is initiated by the receiving side of the transmission. It is
enabled by setting the RX FLOW CONTROL bit in the MAC1 configuration register. If the
RX FLOW CONTROL bit is zero, then the Ethernet block ignores received pause control
frames. When a pause frame is received on the Rx side of the Ethernet block,
transmission on the Tx side will be interrupted after the currently transmitting frame has
completed, for an amount of time as indicated in the received pause frame. The transmit
data path will stop transmitting data for the number of 512 bit slot times encoded in the
pause-timer field of the received pause control frame.
By default the received pause control frames are not forwarded to the device driver. To
forward the receive flow control frames to the device driver, set the PASS ALL RECEIVE
FRAMES bit in the MAC1 configuration register.
Transmit flow control

If case device drivers need to stall the receive data e.g. because software buffers are full,
the Ethernet block can transmit pause control frames. Transmit flow control needs to be
initiated by the device driver software; there is no IEEE 802.3/31 flow control initiated by
hardware, such as the DMA managers.
With software flow control, the device driver can detect a situation in which the process of
receiving frames needs to be interrupted by sending out Tx pause frames. Note that due
to Ethernet delays, a few frames can still be received before the flow control takes effect
and the receive stream stops.

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Transmit flow control is activated by writing 1 to the TxFlowControl bit of the Command
register. When the Ethernet block operates in full duplex mode, this will result in
transmission of IEEE 802.3/31 pause frames. The flow control continues until a 0 is
written to TxFlowControl bit of the Command register.
If the MAC is operating in full-duplex mode, then setting the TxFlowControl bit of the
Command register will start a pause frame transmission. The value inserted into the
pause-timer value field of transmitted pause frames is programmed via the
PauseTimer[15:0] bits in the FlowControlCounter register. When the TxFlowControl bit is
de-asserted, another pause frame having a pause-timer value of 0x0000 is automatically
sent to abort flow control and resume transmission.
When flow control be in force for an extended time, a sequence of pause frames must be
transmitted. This is supported with a mirror counter mechanism. To enable mirror
counting, a nonzero value is written to the MirrorCounter[15:0] bits in the
FlowControlCounter register. When the TxFlowControl bit is asserted, a pause frame is
transmitted. After sending the pause frame, an internal mirror counter is initialized to zero.
The internal mirror counter starts incrementing one every 512 bit-slot times. When the
internal mirror counter reaches the MirrorCounter value, another pause frame is
transmitted with pause-timer value equal to the PauseTimer field from the
FlowControlCounter register, the internal mirror counter is reset to zero and restarts
counting. The register MirrorCounter[15:0] is usually set to a smaller value than register
PauseTimer[15:0] to ensure an early expiration of the mirror counter, allowing time to send
a new pause frame before the transmission on the other side can resume. By continuing
to send pause frames before the transmitting side finishes counting the pause timer, the
pause can be extended as long as TxFlowControl is asserted. This continues until
TxFlowControl is de-asserted when a final pause frame having a pause-timer value of
0x0000 is automatically sent to abort flow control and resume transmission. To disable the
mirror counter mechanism, write the value 0 to MirrorCounter field in the
FlowControlCounter register. When using the mirror counter mechanism, account for
time-of-flight delays, frame transmission time, queuing delays, crystal frequency
tolerances, and response time delays by programming the MirrorCounter conservatively,
typically about 80% of the PauseTimer value.
If the software device driver sets the MirrorCounter field of the FlowControlCounter
register to zero, the Ethernet block will only send one pause control frame. After sending
the pause frame an internal pause counter is initialized at zero; the internal pause counter
is incremented by one every 512 bit-slot times. Once the internal pause counter reaches
the value of the PauseTimer register, the TxFlowControl bit in the Command register will
be reset. The software device driver can poll the TxFlowControl bit to detect when the
pause completes.
The value of the internal counter in the flow control module can be read out via the
FlowControlStatus register. If the MirrorCounter is nonzero, the FlowControlStatus register
will return the value of the internal mirror counter; if the MirrorCounter is zero the
FlowControlStatus register will return the value of the internal pause counter value.
The device driver is allowed to dynamically modify the MirrorCounter register value and
switch between zero MirrorCounter and nonzero MirrorCounter modes.

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Transmit flow control is enabled via the TX FLOW CONTROL bit in the MAC1
configuration register. If the TX FLOW CONTROL bit is zero, then the MAC will not
transmit pause control frames, software must not initiate pause frame transmissions, and
the TxFlowControl bit in the Command register should be zero.
Transmit flow control example

Figure 26 illustrates the transmit flow control.

device driver PauseTimer

register MirrorCounter
TxFlowCtl
writes
RMII
transmit

clear
TxFlowCtl

normal
transmission

pause control
frame
transmission

pause control
frame
transmission

normal transimisson

pause control
frame
transmission

MirrorCounter
(1/515 bit
slots)
RMII
receive

pause in effect

normal receive

50

100

150

200

250

300

normal receive

350

400

450

500

Fig 26. Transmit Flow Control

In this example, a frame is received while transmitting another frame (full duplex.) The
device driver detects that some buffer might overrun and enables the transmit flow control
by programming the PauseTimer and MirrorCounter fields of the FlowControlCounter
register, after which it enables the transmit flow control by setting the TxFlowControl bit in
the Command register.
As a response to the enabling of the flow control a pause control frame will be sent after
the currently transmitting frame has been transmitted. When the pause frame
transmission completes the internal mirror counter will start counting bit slots; as soon as
the counter reaches the value in the MirrorCounter field another pause frame is
transmitted. While counting the transmit data path will continue normal transmissions.
As soon as software disables transmit flow control a zero pause control frame is
transmitted to resume the receive process.

11.17.9 Half-Duplex mode backpressure

When in half-duplex mode, backpressure can be generated to stall receive packets by
sending continuous preamble that basically jams any other transmissions on the Ethernet
medium. When the Ethernet block operates in half duplex mode, asserting the
TxFlowControl bit in the Command register will result in applying continuous preamble on
the Ethernet wire, effectively blocking traffic from any other Ethernet station on the same
segment.

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In half duplex mode, when the TxFlowControl bit goes high, continuous preamble is sent
until TxFlowControl is de-asserted. If the medium is idle, the Ethernet block begins
transmitting preamble, which raises carrier sense causing all other stations to defer. In the
event the transmitting of preamble causes a collision, the backpressure rides through the
collision. The colliding station backs off and then defers to the backpressure. If during
backpressure, the user wishes to send a frame, the backpressure is interrupted, the frame
sent and then the backpressure resumed. If TxFlowControl is asserted for longer than
3.3 ms in 10 Mbps mode or 0.33 ms in 100 Mbps mode, backpressure will cease sending
preamble for several byte times to avoid the jabber limit.

11.17.10 Receive filtering

Features of receive filtering

The Ethernet MAC has several receive packet filtering functions that can be configured
from the software driver:

Perfect address filter: allows packets with a perfectly matching station address to be
identified and passed to the software driver.

Hash table filter: allows imperfect filtering of packets based on the station address.
Unicast/multicast/broadcast filtering: allows passing of all unicast, multicast, and/or
broadcast packets.

Magic packet filter: detection of magic packets to generate a Wake-on-LAN interrupt.

The filtering functions can be logically combined to create complex filtering functions.
Furthermore, the Ethernet block can pass or reject runt packets smaller than 64 bytes; a
promiscuous mode allows all packets to be passed to software.
Overview

The Ethernet block has the capability to filter out receive frames by analyzing the Ethernet
destination address in the frame. This capability greatly reduces the load on the host
system, because Ethernet frames that are addressed to other stations would otherwise
need to be inspected and rejected by the device driver software, using up bandwidth,
memory space, and host CPU time. Address filtering can be implemented using the
perfect address filter or the (imperfect) hash filter. The latter produces a 6-bit hash code
which can be used as an index into a 64 entry programmable hash table. Figure 27
depicts a functional view of the receive filter.
At the top of the diagram the Ethernet receive frame enters the filters. Each filter is
controlled by signals from control registers; each filter produces a Ready output and a
Match output. If Ready is 0 then the Match value is dont care; if a filter finishes filtering
then it will assert its Ready output; if the filter finds a matching frame it will assert the
Match output along with the Ready output. The results of the filters are combined by logic
functions into a single RxAbort output. If the RxAbort output is asserted, the frame does
not need to be received.
In order to reduce memory traffic, the receive data path has a buffer of 68 bytes. The
Ethernet MAC will only start writing a frame to memory after 68 byte delays. If the RxAbort
signal is asserted during the initial 68 bytes of the frame, the frame can be discarded and
removed from the buffer and not stored to memory at all, not using up receive descriptors,
etc. If the RxAbort signal is asserted after the initial 68 bytes in a frame (probably due to
reception of a Magic Packet), part of the frame is already written to memory and the
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Ethernet MAC will stop writing further data in the frame to memory; the FailFilter bit in the
status word of the frame will be set to indicate that the software device driver can discard
the frame immediately.

packet

AcceptUnicastEn
AcceptMulticastEn
IMPERFECT
HASH
FILTER
AcceptUnicastHashEn

StationAddress

AcceptMulticastHashEn

AcceptPerfectEn

PERFECT
ADDRESS
FILTER

PAMatch

PAReady

HFReady

H FMatc h

HashFilter

CRC
OK?

FMatch

RxFilterWoL

RxFilterEnWoL
RxAbort

FReady

Fig 27. Receive filter block diagram

Unicast, broadcast and multicast

Generic filtering based on the type of frame (unicast, multicast or broadcast) can be
programmed using the AcceptUnicastEn, AcceptMulticastEn, or AcceptBroadcastEn bits
of the RxFilterCtrl register. Setting the AcceptUnicast, AcceptMulticast, and
AcceptBroadcast bits causes all frames of types unicast, multicast and broadcast,
respectively, to be accepted, ignoring the Ethernet destination address in the frame. To
program promiscuous mode, i.e. to accept all frames, set all 3 bits to 1.
Perfect address match

When a frame with a unicast destination address is received, a perfect filter compares the
destination address with the 6 byte station address programmed in the station address
registers SA0, SA1, SA2. If the AcceptPerfectEn bit in the RxFilterCtrl register is set to 1,
and the address matches, the frame is accepted.
Imperfect hash filtering

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An imperfect filter is available, based on a hash mechanism. This filter applies a hash
function to the destination address and uses the hash to access a table that indicates if
the frame should be accepted. The advantage of this type of filter is that a small table can
cover any possible address. The disadvantage is that the filtering is imperfect, i.e.
sometimes frames are accepted that should have been discarded.

Hash function:
The standard Ethernet cyclic redundancy check (CRC) function is calculated from
the 6 byte destination address in the Ethernet frame (this CRC is calculated
anyway as part of calculating the CRC of the whole frame), then bits [28:23] out of
the 32-bit CRC result are taken to form the hash. The 6-bit hash is used to access
the hash table: it is used as an index in the 64-bit HashFilter register that has been
programmed with accept values. If the selected accept value is 1, the frame is
accepted.
The device driver can initialize the hash filter table by writing to the registers
HashFilterL and HashfilterH. HashFilterL contains bits 0 through 31 of the table
and HashFilterH contains bit 32 through 63 of the table. So, hash value 0
corresponds to bit 0 of the HashfilterL register and hash value 63 corresponds to
bit 31 of the HashFilterH register.

Multicast and unicast

The imperfect hash filter can be applied to multicast addresses, by setting the
AcceptMulticastHashEn bit in the RxFilter register to 1.
The same imperfect hash filter that is available for multicast addresses can also be
used for unicast addresses. This is useful to be able to respond to a multitude of
unicast addresses without enabling all unicast addresses. The hash filter can be
applied to unicast addresses by setting the AcceptUnicastHashEn bit in the
RxFilter register to 1.
Enabling and disabling filtering

The filters as defined in the sections above can be bypassed by setting the PassRxFilter
bit in the Command register. When the PassRxFilter bit is set, all receive frames will be
passed to memory. In this case the device driver software has to implement all filtering
functionality in software. Setting the PassRxFilter bit does not affect the runt frame filtering
as defined in the next section.
Runt frames

A frame with less than 64 bytes (or 68 bytes for VLAN frames) is shorter than the
minimum Ethernet frame size and therefore considered erroneous; they might be collision
fragments. The receive data path automatically filters and discards these runt frames
without writing them to memory and using a receive descriptor.
When a runt frame has a correct CRC there is a possibility that it is intended to be useful.
The device driver can receive the runt frames with correct CRC by setting the
PassRuntFrame bit of the Command register to 1.

11.17.11 Power management

The Ethernet block supports power management by means of clock switching. All clocks
in the Ethernet core can be switched off. If Wake-up on LAN is needed, the rx_clk should
not be switched off.
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11.17.12 Wake-up on LAN

Overview

The Ethernet block supports power management with remote wake-up over LAN. The
host system can be powered down, even including part of the Ethernet block itself, while
the Ethernet block continues to listen to packets on the LAN. Appropriately formed
packets can be received and recognized by the Ethernet block and used to trigger the
host system to wake up from its power-down state.
Wake-up of the system takes effect through an interrupt. When a wake-up event is
detected, the WakeupInt bit in the IntStatus register is set. The interrupt status will trigger
an interrupt if the corresponding WakeupIntEn bit in the IntEnable register is set. This
interrupt should be used by system power management logic to wake up the system.
While in a power-down state the packet that generates a Wake-up on LAN event is lost.
There are two ways in which Ethernet packets can trigger wake-up events: generic
Wake-up on LAN and Magic Packet. Magic Packet filtering uses an additional filter for
Magic Packet detection. In both cases a Wake-up on LAN event is only triggered if the
triggering packet has a valid CRC. Figure 27 shows the generation of the wake-up signal.
The RxFilterWoLStatus register can be read by the software to inspect the reason for a
Wake-up event. Before going to power-down the power management software should
clear the register by writing the RxFilterWolClear register.
NOTE: when entering in power-down mode, a receive frame might be not entirely stored
into the Rx buffer. In this situation, after turning exiting power-down mode, the next
receive frame is corrupted due to the data of the previous frame being added in front of
the last received frame. Software drivers have to reset the receive data path just after
exiting power-down mode.

The following subsections describe the two Wake-up on LAN mechanisms.

Filtering for WoL

The receive filter functionality can be used to generate Wake-up on LAN events. If the
RxFilterEnWoL bit of the RxFilterCtrl register is set, the receive filter will set the WakeupInt
bit of the IntStatus register if a frame is received that passes the filter. The interrupt will
only be generated if the CRC of the frame is correct.
Magic Packet WoL

The Ethernet block supports wake-up using Magic Packet technology (see Magic Packet
technology, Advanced Micro Devices). A Magic Packet is a specially formed packet solely
intended for wake-up purposes. This packet can be received, analyzed and recognized by
the Ethernet block and used to trigger a wake-up event.
A Magic Packet is a packet that contains in its data portion the station address repeated
16 times with no breaks or interruptions, preceded by 6 Magic Packet synchronization
bytes with the value 0xFF. Other data may be surrounding the Magic Packet pattern in the
data portion of the packet. The whole packet must be a well-formed Ethernet frame.

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The magic packet detection unit analyzes the Ethernet packets, extracts the packet
address and checks the payload for the Magic Packet pattern. The address from the
packet is used for matching the pattern (not the address in the SA0/1/2 registers.) A magic
packet only sets the wake-up interrupt status bit if the packet passes the receive filter as
illustrated in Figure 27: the result of the receive filter is ANDed with the magic packet filter
result to produce the result.
Magic Packet filtering is enabled by setting the MagicPacketEnWoL bit of the RxFilterCtrl
register. Note that when doing Magic Packet WoL, the RxFilterEnWoL bit in the
RxFilterCtrl register should be 0. Setting the RxFilterEnWoL bit to 1 would accept all
packets for a matching address, not just the Magic Packets i.e. WoL using Magic Packets
is more strict.
When a magic packet is detected, apart from the WakeupInt bit in the IntStatus register,
the MagicPacketWoL bit is set in the RxFilterWoLStatus register. Software can reset the
bit writing a 1 to the corresponding bit of the RxFilterWoLClear register.
Example: An example of a Magic Packet with station address 0x11 0x22 0x33 0x44 0x55
0x66 is the following (MISC indicates miscellaneous additional data bytes in the packet):
<DESTINATION> <SOURCE> <MISC>
FF FF FF FF FF FF
11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44
11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44
11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44
11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44
11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44
11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44
11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44
11 22 33 44 55 66 11 22 33 44
<MISC> <CRC>

55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55

66
66
66
66
66
66
66
66

11.17.13 Enabling and disabling receive and transmit

Enabling and disabling reception

After reset, the receive function of the Ethernet block is disabled. The receive function can
be enabled by the device driver setting the RxEnable bit in the Command register and the
RECEIVE ENABLE bit in the MAC1 configuration register (in that order).
The status of the receive data path can be monitored by the device driver by reading the
RxStatus bit of the Status register. Figure 28 illustrates the state machine for the
generation of the RxStatus bit.

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ACTIVE
RxStatus = 1
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

RxEnable = 0 and not busy receiving

OR
RxProduceIndex = RxConsumeIndex - 1

RxEnable = 1

INACTIVE
RxStatus = 0

reset

Fig 28. Receive Active/Inactive state machine

After a reset, the state machine is in the INACTIVE state. As soon as the RxEnable bit is
set in the Command register, the state machine transitions to the ACTIVE state. As soon
as the RxEnable bit is cleared, the state machine returns to the INACTIVE state. If the
receive data path is busy receiving a packet while the receive data path gets disabled, the
packet will be received completely, stored to memory along with its status before returning
to the INACTIVE state. Also if the Receive descriptor array is full, the state machine will
return to the INACTIVE state.
For the state machine in Figure 28, a soft reset is like a hardware reset assertion, i.e. after
a soft reset the receive data path is inactive until the data path is re-enabled.
Enabling and disabling transmission

After reset, the transmit function of the Ethernet block is disabled. The Tx transmit data
path can be enabled by the device driver setting the TxEnable bit in the Command
register to 1.
The status of the transmit data paths can be monitored by the device driver reading the
TxStatus bit of the Status register. Figure 29 illustrates the state machine for the
generation of the TxStatus bit.

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ACTIVE
TxStatus = 1
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

TxEnable = 1
AND
TxProduceIndex <> TxConsumeIndex

TxEnable = 0 and not busy transmitting

OR
TxProduceIndex = TxConsumeIndex

INACTIVE
TxStatus = 0

reset

Fig 29. Transmit Active/Inactive state machine

After reset, the state machine is in the INACTIVE state. As soon as the TxEnable bit is set
in the Command register and the Produce and Consume indices are not equal, the state
machine transitions to the ACTIVE state. As soon as the TxEnable bit is cleared and the
transmit data path has completed all pending transmissions, including committing the
transmission status to memory, the state machine returns to the INACTIVE state. The
state machine will also return to the INACTIVE state if the Produce and Consume indices
are equal again i.e. all frames have been transmitted.
For the state machine in Figure 29, a soft reset is like a hardware reset assertion, i.e. after
a soft reset the transmit data path is inactive until the data path is re-enabled.

11.17.14 Transmission padding and CRC

In the case of a frame of less than 60 bytes (or 64 bytes for VLAN frames), the Ethernet
block can pad the frame to 64 or 68 bytes including a 4 bytes CRC Frame Check
Sequence (FCS). Padding is affected by the value of the AUTO DETECT PAD ENABLE
(ADPEN), VLAN PAD ENABLE (VLPEN) and PAD/CRC ENABLE (PADEN) bits of the
MAC2 configuration register, as well as the Override and Pad bits from the transmit
descriptor Control word. CRC generation is affected by the CRC ENABLE (CRCE) and
DELAYED CRC (DCRC) bits of the MAC2 configuration register, and the Override and
CRC bits from the transmit descriptor Control word.
The effective pad enable (EPADEN) is equal to the PAD/CRC ENABLE bit from the
MAC2 register if the Override bit in the descriptor is 0. If the Override bit is 1, then
EPADEN will be taken from the descriptor Pad bit. Likewise the effective CRC enable
(ECRCE) equals CRCE if the Override bit is 0, otherwise it equal the CRC bit from the
descriptor.
If padding is required and enabled, a CRC will always be appended to the padded frames.
A CRC will only be appended to the non-padded frames if ECRCE is set.
If EPADEN is 0, the frame will not be padded and no CRC will be added unless ECRCE is
set.
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If EPADEN is 1, then small frames will be padded and a CRC will always be added to the
padded frames. In this case if ADPEN and VLPEN are both 0, then the frames will be
padded to 60 bytes and a CRC will be added creating 64 bytes frames; if VLPEN is 1, the
frames will be padded to 64 bytes and a CRC will be added creating 68 bytes frames; if
ADPEN is 1, while VLPEN is 0 VLAN frames will be padded to 64 bytes, non VLAN
frames will be padded to 60 bytes, and a CRC will be added to padded frames, creating
64 or 68 bytes padded frames.
If CRC generation is enabled, CRC generation can be delayed by four bytes by setting the
DELAYED CRC bit in the MAC2 register, in order to skip proprietary header information.

11.17.15 Huge frames and frame length checking

The HUGE FRAME ENABLE bit in the MAC2 configuration register can be set to 1 to
enable transmission and reception of frames of any length. Huge frame transmission can
be enabled on a per frame basis by setting the Override and Huge bits in the transmit
descriptor Control word.
When enabling huge frames, the Ethernet block will not check frame lengths and report
frame length errors (RangeError and LengthError). If huge frames are enabled, the
received byte count in the RSV register may be invalid because the frame may exceed the
maximum size; the RxSize fields from the receive status arrays will be valid.
Frame lengths are checked by comparing the length/type field of the frame to the actual
number of bytes in the frame. A LengthError is reported by setting the corresponding bit in
the receive StatusInfo word.
The MAXF register allows the device driver to specify the maximum number of bytes in a
frame. The Ethernet block will compare the actual receive frame to the MAXF value and
report a RangeError in the receive StatusInfo word if the frame is larger.

11.17.16 Statistics counters

Generally, Ethernet applications maintain many counters that track Ethernet traffic
statistics. There are a number of standards specifying such counters, such as IEEE std
802.3 / clause 30. Other standards are RFC 2665 and RFC 2233.
The approach taken here is that by default all counters are implemented in software. With
the help of the StatusInfo field in frame statuses, many of the important statistics events
listed in the standards can be counted by software.

11.17.17 MAC status vectors

Transmit and receive status information as detected by the MAC are available in registers
TSV0, TSV1 and RSV so that software can poll them. These registers are normally of
limited use because the communication between driver software and the Ethernet block
takes place primarily through frame descriptors. Statistical events can be counted by
software in the device driver. However, for debug purposes the transmit and receive status
vectors are made visible. They are valid as long as the internal status of the MAC is valid
and should typically only be read when the transmit and receive processes are halted.

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11.17.18 Reset
The Ethernet block has a hard reset input which is connected to the chip reset, as well as
several soft resets which can be activated by setting the appropriate bit(s) in registers. All
registers in the Ethernet block have a value of 0 after a hard reset, unless otherwise
specified.
Hard reset

After a hard reset, all registers will be set to their default value.
Soft reset

Parts of the Ethernet block can be soft reset by setting bits in the Command register and
the MAC1 configuration register.The MAC1 register has six different reset bits:

SOFT RESET: Setting this bit will put all modules in the MAC in reset, except for the
MAC registers (at addresses 0x000 to 0x0FC). The value of the soft reset after a
hardware reset assertion is 1, i.e. the soft reset needs to be cleared after a hardware
reset.

SIMULATION RESET: Resets the random number generator in the Transmit

Function. The value after a hardware reset assertion is 0.

RESET MCS/Rx: Setting this bit will reset the MAC Control Sublayer (pause frame
logic) and the receive function in the MAC. The value after a hardware reset assertion
is 0.

RESET Rx: Setting this bit will reset the receive function in the MAC. The value after a
hardware reset assertion is 0.

RESET MCS/Tx: Setting this bit will reset the MAC Control Sublayer (pause frame
logic) and the transmit function in the MAC. The value after a hardware reset
assertion is 0.

RESET Tx: Setting this bit will reset the transmit function of the MAC. The value after
a hardware reset assertion is 0.
The above reset bits must be cleared by software.
The Command register has three different reset bits:

TxReset: Writing a 1 to the TxReset bit will reset the transmit data path, excluding the
MAC portions, including all (read-only) registers in the transmit data path, as well as
the TxProduceIndex register in the host registers module. A soft reset of the transmit
data path will abort all AHB transactions of the transmit data path. The reset bit will be
cleared autonomously by the Ethernet block. A soft reset of the Tx data path will clear
the TxStatus bit in the Status register.

RxReset: Writing a 1 to the RxReset bit will reset the receive data path, excluding the
MAC portions, including all (read-only) registers in the receive data path, as well as
the RxConsumeIndex register in the host registers module. A soft reset of the receive
data path will abort all AHB transactions of the receive data path. The reset bit will be
cleared autonomously by the Ethernet block. A soft reset of the Rx data path will clear
the RxStatus bit in the Status register.

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RegReset: Resets all of the data paths and registers in the host registers module,
excluding the registers in the MAC. A soft reset of the registers will also abort all AHB
transactions of the transmit and receive data path. The reset bit will be cleared
autonomously by the Ethernet block.
To do a full soft reset of the Ethernet block, device driver software must:

Set the SOFT RESET bit in the MAC1 register to 1.

Set the RegReset bit in the Command register, this bit clears automatically.
Re-initialize the MAC registers (0x000 to 0x0FC).
Reset the SOFT RESET bit in the MAC1 register to 0.

To reset just the transmit data path, the device driver software has to:

Set the RESET MCS/Tx bit in the MAC1 register to 1.

Disable the Tx DMA managers by setting the TxEnable bits in the Command register
to 0.

Set the TxReset bit in the Command register, this bit clears automatically.
Reset the RESET MCS/Tx bit in the MAC1 register to 0.
To reset just the receive data path, the device driver software has to:

Disable the receive function by resetting the RECEIVE ENABLE bit in the MAC1
configuration register and resetting of the RxEnable bit of the Command register.

Set the RESET MCS/Rx bit in the MAC1 register to 1.

Set the RxReset bit in the Command register, this bit clears automatically.
Reset the RESET MCS/Rx bit in the MAC1 register to 0.
11.17.19 Ethernet errors
The Ethernet block generates errors for the following conditions:

A reception can cause an error: AlignmentError, RangeError, LengthError,

SymbolError, CRCError, NoDescriptor, or Overrun. These are reported back in the
receive StatusInfo and in the interrupt status register (IntStatus).

A transmission can cause an error: LateCollision, ExcessiveCollision,

ExcessiveDefer, NoDescriptor, or Underrun. These are reported back in the
transmission StatusInfo and in the interrupt status register (IntStatus).

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11.18 AHB bandwidth

The Ethernet block is connected to an AHB bus which must carry all of the data and
control information associated with all Ethernet traffic in addition to the CPU accesses
required to operate the Ethernet block and deal with message contents.

11.18.1 DMA access

Assumptions

By making some assumptions, the bandwidth needed for each type of AHB transfer can
be calculated and added in order to find the overall bandwidth requirement.
The flexibility of the descriptors used in the Ethernet block allows the possibility of defining
memory buffers in a range of sizes. In order to analyze bus bandwidth requirements,
some assumptions must be made about these buffers. The "worst case" is not addressed
since that would involve all descriptors pointing to single byte buffers, with most of the
memory occupied in holding descriptors and very little data. It can easily be shown that
the AHB cannot handle the huge amount of bus traffic that would be caused by such a
degenerate (and illogical) case.
For this analysis, an Ethernet packet is assumed to consist of a 64 byte frame.
Continuous traffic is assumed on both the transmit and receive channels.
This analysis does not reflect the flow of Ethernet traffic over time, which would include
inter-packet gaps in both the transmit and receive channels that reduce the bandwidth
requirements over a larger time frame.
Types of DMA access and their bandwidth requirements

The interface to an external Ethernet PHY is via RMII. RMII operates at 50 MHz,
transferring a byte in 4 clock cycles. The data transfer rate is 12.5 Mbps.
The interface to an external Ethernet PHY is via either MII or RMII. An interface MII
operates at 25 MHz, transferring a byte in 2 clock cycles. An RMII interface operates at 50
MHz, transferring a byte in 4 clock cycles. The data transfer rate is the same in both
cases: 12.5 Mbps.
The Ethernet block initiates DMA accesses for the following cases:

Tx descriptor read:
Transmit descriptors occupy 2 words (8 bytes) of memory and are read once for
each use of a descriptor.
Two word read happens once every 64 bytes (16 words) of transmitted data.
This gives 1/8th of the data rate, which = 1.5625 Mbps.

Rx descriptor read:
Receive descriptors occupy 2 words (8 bytes) of memory and are read once for
each use of a descriptor.
Two word read happens once every 64 bytes (16 words) of received data.
This gives 1/8th of the data rate, which = 1.5625 Mbps.

Tx status write:
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Transmit status occupies 1 word (4 bytes) of memory and is written once for each
use of a descriptor.
One word write happens once every 64 bytes (16 words) of transmitted data.
This gives 1/16th of the data rate, which = 0.7813 Mbps.

Rx status write:
Receive status occupies 2 words (8 bytes) of memory and is written once for each
use of a descriptor.
Two word write happens once every 64 bytes (16 words) of received data.
This gives 1/8 of the data rate, which = 1.5625 Mbps.

Tx data read:
Data transmitted in an Ethernet frame, the size is variable.
Basic Ethernet rate = 12.5 Mbps.

Rx data write:
Data to be received in an Ethernet frame, the size is variable.
Basic Ethernet rate = 12.5 Mbps.

This gives a total rate of 30.5 Mbps for the traffic generated by the Ethernet DMA function.

11.18.2 Types of CPU access

Accesses that mirror each of the DMA access types:
All or part of status values must be read, and all or part of descriptors need to be
written after each use, transmitted data must be stored in the memory by the CPU,
and eventually received data must be retrieved from the memory by the CPU.
This gives roughly the same or slightly lower rate as the combined DMA functions,
which = 30.5 Mbps.

Access to registers in the Ethernet block:

The CPU must read the RxProduceIndex, TxConsumeIndex, and IntStatus
registers, and both read and write the RxConsumeIndex and TxProduceIndex
registers.
7 word read/writes once every 64 bytes (16 words) of transmitted and received
data.
This gives 7/16 of the data rate, which = 5.4688 Mbps.

This gives a total rate of 36 Mbps for the traffic generated by the Ethernet DMA function.

11.18.3 Overall bandwidth

Overall traffic on the AHB is the sum of DMA access rates and CPU access rates, which
comes to approximately 66.5 MB/s.
The peak bandwidth requirement can be somewhat higher due to the use of small
memory buffers, in order to hold often used addresses (e.g. the station address) for
example. Driver software can determine how to build frames in an efficient manner that
does not overutilize the AHB.

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The bandwidth available on the AHB bus depends on the system clock frequency. As an
example, assume that the system clock is set at 60 MHz. All or nearly all of bus accesses
related to the Ethernet will be word transfers. The raw AHB bandwidth can be
approximated as 4 bytes per two system clocks, which equals 2 times the system clock
rate. With a 60 MHz system clock, the bandwidth is 120 MB/s, giving about 55% utilization
for Ethernet traffic during simultaneous transmit and receive operations. This shows that it
is not necessary to use the maximum CPU frequency for the Ethernet to work with plenty
of bandwidth headroom.

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11.19 CRC calculation

The calculation is used for several purposes:

Generation the FCS at the end of the Ethernet frame.

Generation of the hash table index for the hash table filtering.
Generation of the destination and source address hash CRCs.
The C pseudocode function below calculates the CRC on a frame taking the frame
(without FCS) and the number of bytes in the frame as arguments. The function returns
the CRC as a 32-bit integer.
int crc_calc(char frame_no_fcs[], int frame_len) {
int i;
// iterator
int j;
// another iterator
char byte; // current byte
int crc; // CRC result
int q0, q1, q2, q3; // temporary variables
crc = 0xFFFFFFFF;
for (i = 0; i < frame_len; i++) {
byte = *frame_no_fcs++;
for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
if (((crc >> 28) ^ (byte >> 3)) & 0x00000001)
q3 = 0x04C11DB7;
} else {
q3 = 0x00000000;
}
if (((crc >> 29) ^ (byte >> 2)) & 0x00000001)
q2 = 0x09823B6E;
} else {
q2 = 0x00000000;
}
if (((crc >> 30) ^ (byte >> 1)) & 0x00000001)
q1 = 0x130476DC;
} else {
q1 = 0x00000000;
}
if (((crc >> 31) ^ (byte >> 0)) & 0x00000001)
q0 = 0x2608EDB8;
} else {
q0 = 0x00000000;
}
crc = (crc << 4) ^ q3 ^ q2 ^ q1 ^ q0;
byte >>= 4;
}
}
return crc;
}

For FCS calculation, this function is passed a pointer to the first byte of the frame and the
length of the frame without the FCS.
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For hash filtering, this function is passed a pointer to the destination address part of the
frame and the CRC is only calculated on the 6 address bytes. The hash filter uses bits
[28:23] for indexing the 64-bits { HashFilterH, HashFilterL } vector. If the corresponding bit
is set the packet is passed, otherwise it is rejected by the hash filter.
For obtaining the destination and source address hash CRCs, this function calculates first
both the 32-bit CRCs, then the nine most significant bits from each 32-bit CRC are
extracted, concatenated, and written in every StatusHashCRC word of every fragment
status.

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12.1 How to read this chapter

The LCD controller is available on some LPC178x/177x devices, see Section 1.4 for
details.

12.2 Basic configuration

The LCD controller is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Section 4.7.10), set bit PCLCD.
Remark: The LCD is disabled on reset (PCLCD = 0).

Also see Section 12.6.12 for power-up procedure.

2. Clock: See Table 226, and Table 223.
3. Pins: Select LCD pins and pin modes through the relevant IOCON registers
(Section 8.4.1).
4. Interrupts: Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set
Enable register.

12.3 Introduction
The LCD controller provides all of the necessary control signals to interface directly to a
variety of color and monochrome LCD panels.

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12.4 Features

AHB bus master interface to access frame buffer.

Setup and control via a separate AHB slave interface.
Dual 16-deep programmable 64-bit wide FIFOs for buffering incoming display data.
Supports single and dual-panel monochrome Super Twisted Nematic (STN) displays
with 4 or 8-bit interfaces.

Supports single and dual-panel color STN displays.

Supports Thin Film Transistor (TFT) color displays.
Programmable display resolution including, but not limited to: 320x200, 320x240,
640x200, 640x240, 640x480, 800x600, and 1024x768.

Hardware cursor support for single-panel displays.

15 gray-level monochrome, 3375 color STN, and 32K color palettized TFT support.
1, 2, or 4 bits-per-pixel (bpp) palettized displays for monochrome STN.
1, 2, 4, or 8 bpp palettized color displays for color STN and TFT.
16 bpp true-color non-palettized, for color STN and TFT.
24 bpp true-color non-palettized, for color TFT.
Programmable timing for different display panels.
256 entry, 16-bit palette RAM, arranged as a 128x32-bit RAM.
Frame, line, and pixel clock signals.
AC bias signal for STN, data enable signal for TFT panels.
Supports little and big-endian, and Windows CE data formats.
LCD panel clock may be generated from the peripheral clock, or from a clock input
pin.

12.4.1 Programmable parameters

The following key display and controller parameters can be programmed:

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Horizontal front and back porch

Horizontal synchronization pulse width
Number of pixels per line
Vertical front and back porch
Vertical synchronization pulse width
Number of lines per panel
Number of pixel clocks per line
Hardware cursor control.
Signal polarity, active HIGH or LOW
AC panel bias
Panel clock frequency
Bits-per-pixel
Display type: STN monochrome, STN color, or TFT
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STN 4 or 8-bit interface mode

STN dual or single panel mode
Little-endian, big-endian, or Windows CE mode
Interrupt generation event

12.4.2 Hardware cursor support

The hardware cursor feature reduces software overhead associated with maintaining a
cursor image in the LCD frame buffer.
Without this feature, software needed to:

Save an image of the area under the next cursor position.

Update the area with the cursor image.
Repair the last cursor position with a previously saved image.
In addition, the LCD driver had to check whether the graphics operation had overwritten
the cursor, and correct it. With a cursor size of 64x64 and 24-bit color, each cursor move
involved reading and writing approximately 75 kB of data.
The hardware cursor removes the requirement for this management by providing a
completely separate image buffer for the cursor, and superimposing the cursor image on
the LCD output stream at the current cursor (X,Y) coordinate.
To move the hardware cursor, the software driver supplies a new cursor coordinate. The
frame buffer requires no modification. This significantly reduces software overhead.
The cursor image is held in the LCD controller in an internal 256x32-bit buffer memory.

12.4.3 Types of LCD panels supported

The LCD controller supports the following types of LCD panel:

Active matrix TFT panels with up to 24-bit bus interface.

Single-panel monochrome STN panels (4-bit and 8-bit bus interface).
Dual-panel monochrome STN panels (4-bit and 8-bit bus interface per panel).
Single-panel color STN panels, 8-bit bus interface.
Dual-panel color STN panels, 8-bit bus interface per panel.

12.4.4 TFT panels

TFT panels support one or more of the following color modes:

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1 bpp, palettized, 2 colors selected from available colors.

2 bpp, palettized, 4 colors selected from available colors.
4 bpp, palettized, 16 colors selected from available colors.
8 bpp, palettized, 256 colors selected from available colors.
12 bpp, direct 4:4:4 RGB.

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16 bpp, direct 5:5:5 RGB, with 1 bpp not normally used. This pixel is still output, and
can be used as a brightness bit to connect to the Least Significant Bit (LSB) of RGB
components of a 6:6:6 TFT panel.

16 bpp, direct 5:6:5 RGB.

24 bpp, direct 8:8:8 RGB, providing over 16 million colors.
Each 16-bit palette entry is composed of 5 bpp (RGB), plus a common intensity bit. This
provides better memory utilization and performance compared with a full 6 bpp structure.
The total number of colors supported can be doubled from 32K to 64K if the intensity bit is
used and applied to all three color components simultaneously.
Alternatively, the 16 signals can be used to drive a 5:6:5 panel with the extra bit only
applied to the green channel.

12.4.5 Color STN panels

Color STN panels support one or more of the following color modes:

1 bpp, palettized, 2 colors selected from 3375.

2 bpp, palettized, 4 colors selected from 3375.
4 bpp, palettized, 16 colors selected from 3375.
8 bpp, palettized, 256 colors selected from 3375.
16 bpp, direct 4:4:4 RGB, with 4 bpp not being used.

12.4.6 Monochrome STN panels

Monochrome STN panels support one or more of the following modes:

1 bpp, palettized, 2 gray scales selected from 15.

2 bpp, palettized, 4 gray scales selected from 15.
4 bpp, palettized, 16 gray scales selected from 15.
More than 4 bpp for monochrome panels can be programmed, but using these modes has
no benefit because the maximum number of gray scales supported on the display is 15.

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12.5 Pin description

The largest configuration for the LCD controller uses 31 pins. There are many variants
using as few as 10 pins for a monochrome STN panel. Pins are allocated in groups based
on the selected configuration. All LCD functions are shared with other chip functions. In
Table 205, only the LCD related portion of the pin name is shown.
Remark: To connect the LCD controller to necessary pins, see Section 8.3.
Table 205. LCD controller pins
Pin name

Type

Function

LCD_PWR

output

LCD panel power enable.

LCD_DCLK

output

LCD panel clock.

LCD_ENAB_M

output

STN AC bias drive or TFT data enable output.

LCD_FP

output

Frame pulse (STN). Vertical synchronization pulse (TFT)

LCD_LE

output

Line end signal

LCD_LP

output

Line synchronization pulse (STN). Horizontal synchronization pulse (TFT)

LCD_VD[23:0]

output

LCD panel data. Bits used depend on the panel configuration.

LCD_CLKIN

input

Optional clock input.

12.5.1 Signal usage

The signals that are used for various display types are identified in the following sections.

12.5.1.1 Signals used for single panel STN displays

The signals used for single panel STN displays are shown in Table 206. UD refers to
upper panel data.
Table 206. Pins used for single panel STN displays
Pin name

4-bit Monochrome 8-bit Monochrome

(10 pins)
(14 pins)

Color
(14 pins)

LCD_PWR

LCD_DCLK

LCD_ENAB_M

LCD_FP

LCD_LE

LCD_LP

LCD_VD[3:0]

UD[3:0]

UD[3:0]

UD[3:0]

LCD_VD[7:4]

UD[7:4]

UD[7:4]

LCD_VD[23:8]

12.5.1.2 Signals used for dual panel STN displays

The signals used for dual panel STN displays are shown in Table 207. UD refers to upper
panel data, and LD refers to lower panel data.

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Table 207. Pins used for dual panel STN displays

Pin name

4-bit Monochrome 8-bit Monochrome

(14 pins)
(22 pins)

Color
(22 pins)

LCD_PWR

LCD_DCLK

LCD_ENAB_M

LCD_FP

LCD_LE

LCD_LP

LCD_VD[3:0]

UD[3:0]

UD[3:0]

UD[3:0]

LCD_VD[7:4]

UD[7:4]

UD[7:4]

LCD_VD[11:8]

LD[3:0]

LD[3:0]

LD[3:0]

LCD_VD[15:12]

LD[7:4]

LD[7:4]

LCD_VD[23:16]

12.5.1.3 Signals used for TFT displays

The signals used for TFT displays are shown in Table 208.
Table 208. Pins used for TFT displays
Pin name

12-bit, 4:4:4
mode

16-bit, 5:6:5
mode

16-bit, 1:5:5:5
mode

(18 pins)

(22 pins)

(24 pins)

LCD_PWR

LCD_DCLK

LCD_ENAB_M

LCD_LE

LCD_LP

LCD_VD[1:0]

RED[1:0]

LCD_VD[2]

Intensity

RED[2]

LCD_VD[3]

RED[0]

RED[0]

RED[3]

RED[3:0]

RED[4:1]

RED[4:1]

RED[7:4]

LCD_VD[9:8]

GREEN[1:0]

LCD_VD[10]

GREEN[0]

Intensity

GREEN[2]

LCD_VD[11]

GREEN[1]

GREEN[0]

GREEN[3]

GREEN[3:0]

GREEN[5:2]

GREEN[4:1]

GREEN[7:4]

LCD_VD[15:12]
LCD_VD[17:16]

BLUE[1:0]

LCD_VD[18]

Intensity

BLUE[2]

LCD_VD[19]

BLUE[0]

BLUE[0]

BLUE[3]

BLUE[3:0]

BLUE[4:1]

BLUE[4:1]

BLUE[7:4]

LCD_VD[23:20]

User manual

(30 pins)

LCD_FP

LCD_VD[7:4]

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12.6 LCD controller functional description

The LCD controller performs translation of pixel-coded data into the required formats and
timings to drive a variety of single or dual panel monochrome and color LCDs.
Packets of pixel coded data are fed using the AHB interface, to two independent,
programmable, 32-bit wide, DMA FIFOs that act as input data flow buffers.
The buffered pixel coded data is then unpacked using a pixel serializer.
Depending on the LCD type and mode, the unpacked data can represent:

An actual true display gray or color value.

An address to a 256x16 bit wide palette RAM gray or color value.
In the case of STN displays, either a value obtained from the addressed palette location,
or the true value is passed to the gray scaling generators. The hardware-coded gray scale
algorithm logic sequences the activity of the addressed pixels over a programmed number
of frames to provide the effective display appearance.
For TFT displays, either an addressed palette value or true color value is passed directly
to the output display drivers, bypassing the gray scaling algorithmic logic.
In addition to data formatting, the LCD controller provides a set of programmable display
control signals, including:

LCD panel power enable.

Pixel clock.
Horizontal and vertical synchronization pulses.
Display bias.

The LCD controller generates individual interrupts for:

Upper or lower panel DMA FIFO underflow.

Base address update signification.
Vertical compare.
Bus error.

There is also a single combined interrupt that is asserted when any of the individual
interrupts become active.
Figure 30 shows a simplified block diagram of the LCD controller.

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AHB
slave
interface

Timing
controller
Panel clock
generator

AHB Bus

Upper
panel
DMA
FIFO

AHB
master
interface

LCD control
signals
LCD panel
clock
LCDCLKIN

Input
FIFO
control

Pixel
serializer

RAM
palette
(128x32)

Upper
panel
formatter

Upper
panel
output
FIFO

Upper
STN

Lower
panel
formatter

Lower
panel
output
FIFO

Lower
STN

Gray
scaler
Lower
panel
DMA
FIFO

Hardware
Cursor

STN/TFT
data
select

FIFO underflow
AHB error

Interrupt
generation

LCD panel
data

Interrupt

Fig 30. LCD controller block diagram

12.6.1 AHB interfaces

The LCD controller includes two separate AHB interfaces. The first, an AHB slave
interface, is used primarily by the CPU to access control and data registers within the LCD
controller. The second, an AHB master interface, is used by the LCD controller for DMA
access to display data stored in memory elsewhere in the system. The LCD DMA
controller can only access the 10 kB SRAM on AHB1 and the external memory.

12.6.1.1 AMBA AHB slave interface

The AHB slave interface connects the LCD controller to the AHB bus and provides CPU
accesses to the registers and palette RAM.

12.6.1.2 AMBA AHB master interface

The AHB master interface transfers display data from a selected slave (memory) to the
LCD controller DMA FIFOs. It can be configured to obtain data from the 16 kB, on-chip
SRAM on AHB1, various types of off-chip static memory, or off-chip SDRAM.

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In dual panel mode, the DMA FIFOs are filled up in an alternating fashion via a single
DMA request. In single panel mode, the DMA FIFOs are filled up in a sequential fashion
from a single DMA request.
The inherent AHB master interface state machine performs the following functions:

Loads the upper panel base address into the AHB address incrementer on
recognition of a new frame.

Monitors both the upper and lower DMA FIFO levels and asserts a DMA request to
request display data from memory, filling them to above the programmed watermark.
the DMA request is reasserted when there are at least four locations available in
either FIFO (dual panel mode).

Checks for 1 kB boundaries during fixed-length bursts, appropriately adjusting the

address in such occurrences.

Generates the address sequences for fixed-length and undefined bursts.

Controls the handshaking between the memory and DMA FIFOs. It inserts busy
cycles if the FIFOs have not completed their synchronization and updating sequence.

Fills up the DMA FIFOs, in dual panel mode, in an alternating fashion from a single
DMA request.

Asserts the a bus error interrupt if an error occurs during an active burst.
Responds to retry commands by restarting the failed access. This introduces some
busy cycles while it re-synchronizes.

12.6.2 Dual DMA FIFOs and associated control logic

The pixel data accessed from memory is buffered by two DMA FIFOs that can be
independently controlled to cover single and dual-panel LCD types. Each FIFO is 16
words deep by 64 bits wide and can be cascaded to form an effective 32-Dword deep
FIFO in single panel mode.
Synchronization logic transfers the pixel data from the AHB clock domain to the LCD
controller clock domain. The water level marks in each FIFO are set such that each FIFO
requests data when at least four locations become available.
An interrupt signal is asserted if an attempt is made to read either of the two DMA FIFOs
when they are empty (an underflow condition has occurred).

12.6.3 Pixel serializer

This block reads the 32-bit wide LCD data from the output port of the DMA FIFO and
extracts 24, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 bpp data, depending on the current mode of operation. The
LCD controller supports big-endian, little-endian, and Windows CE data formats.
Depending on the mode of operation, the extracted data can be used to point to a color or
gray scale value in the palette RAM or can actually be a true color value that can be
directly applied to an LCD panel input.
Table 209 through Table 211 show the structure of the data in each DMA FIFO word
corresponding to the endianness and bpp combinations. For each of the three supported
data formats, the required data for each panel display pixel must be extracted from the
data word.
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Table 209. FIFO bits for Little-endian Byte, Little-endian Pixel order
FIFO bit

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1 bpp

p0

p1

p2

p3

p4

p5

p6

p7

p8

p9

10

p10

11

p11

12

p12

13

p13

14

p14

15

p15

16

p16

17

p17

18

p18

19

p19

20

p20

21

p21

22

p22

23

p23

24

p24

25

p25

26

p26

27

p27

28

p28

29

p29

30

p30

31

p31

2 bpp

4 bpp

8 bpp

16 bpp

24 bpp

p0
p0
p1
p0
p2
p1
p3
p0
p4
p2
p5
p0

p1
p6
p3
p7
p8
p4
p9
p2
p10
p5
p11
p1
p12
p6
p13
p3
p14
p7
p15

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Table 210. FIFO bits for Big-endian Byte, Big-endian Pixel order
FIFO bit

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1 bpp

p31

p30

p29

p28

p27

p26

p25

p24

p23

p22

10

p21

11

p20

12

p19

13

p18

14

p17

15

p16

16

p15

17

p14

18

p13

19

p12

20

p11

21

p10

22

p9

23

p8

24

p7

25

p6

26

p5

27

p4

28

p3

29

p2

30

p1

31

p0

2 bpp

4 bpp

8 bpp

16 bpp

24 bpp

p15
p7
p14
p3
p13
p6
p12
p1
p11
p5
p10
p0

p2
p9
p4
p8
p7
p3
p6
p1
p5
p2
p4
p0
p3
p1
p2
p0
p1
p0
p0

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Table 211. FIFO bits for Little-endian Byte, Big-endian Pixel order
FIFO bit

1 bpp

p7

p6

p5

p4

p3

p2

p1

p0

p15

p14

10

p13

11

p12

12

p11

13

p10

14

p9

15

p8

16

p23

17

p22

18

p21

19

p20

20

p19

21

p18

22

p17

23

p16

24

p31

25

p30

26

p29

27

p28

28

p27

29

p26

30

p25

31

p24

2 bpp

4 bpp

8 bpp

16 bpp

24 bpp

p3
p1
p2
p0
p1
p0
p0
p0
p7
p3
p6
p0

p1
p5
p2
p4
p11
p5
p10
p2
p9
p4
p8
p1
p15
p7
p14
p3
p13
p6
p12

Table 212 shows the structure of the data in each DMA FIFO word in RGB mode.

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Table 212. RGB mode data formats

FIFO data 24-bit RGB

16-bit (1:5:5:5 RGB) 16-bit (5:6:5 RGB)

16-bit (4:4:4 RGB)

p0, Red 0

p0, Red 0

p0, Red 0

p0, Red 0

p0, Red 1

p0, Red 1

p0, Red 1

p0, Red 1

p0, Red 2

p0, Red 2

p0, Red 2

p0, Red 2

p0, Red 3

p0, Red 3

p0, Red 3

p0, Red 3

p0, Red 4

p0, Red 4

p0, Red 4

p0, Green 0

p0, Red 5

p0, Green 0

p0, Green 0

p0, Green 1

p0, Red 6

p0, Green 1

p0, Green 1

p0, Green 2

p0, Red 7

p0, Green 2

p0, Green 2

p0, Green 3

p0, Green 0

p0, Green 3

p0, Green 3

p0, Blue 0

p0, Green 1

p0, Green 4

p0, Green 4

p0, Blue 1

10

p0, Green 2

p0, Blue 0

p0, Green 5

p0, Blue 2

11

p0, Green 3

p0, Blue 1

p0, Blue 0

p0, Blue 3

12

p0, Green 4

p0, Blue 2

p0, Blue 1

13

p0, Green 5

p0, Blue 3

p0, Blue 2

14

p0, Green 6

p0, Blue 4

p0, Blue 3

15

p0, Green 7

p0 intensity bit

p0, Blue 4

16

p0, Blue 0

p1, Red 0

p1, Red 0

p1, Red 0

17

p0, Blue 1

p1, Red 1

p1, Red 1

p1, Red 1

18

p0, Blue 2

p1, Red 2

p1, Red 2

p1, Red 2

19

p0, Blue 3

p1, Red 3

p1, Red 3

p1, Red 3

20

p0, Blue 4

p1, Red 4

p1, Red 4

p1, Green 0

21

p0, Blue 5

p1, Green 0

p1, Green 0

p1, Green 1

22

p0, Blue 6

p1, Green 1

p1, Green 1

p1, Green 2

23

p0, Blue 7

p1, Green 2

p1, Green 2

p1, Green 3

24

p1, Green 3

p1, Green 3

p1, Blue 0

25

p1, Green 4

p1, Green 4

p1, Blue 1

26

p1, Blue 0

p1, Green 5

p1, Blue 2

27

p1, Blue 1

p1, Blue 0

p1, Blue 3

28

p1, Blue 2

p1, Blue 1

29

p1, Blue 3

p1, Blue 2

30

p1, Blue 4

p1, Blue 3

31

p1 intensity bit

p1, Blue 4

12.6.4 RAM palette

The RAM-based palette is a 256 x 16 bit dual-port RAM physically structured as 128 x 32
bits. Two entries can be written into the palette from a single word write access. The Least
Significant Bit (LSB) of the serialized pixel data selects between upper and lower halves of
the palette RAM. The half that is selected depends on the byte ordering mode. In
little-endian mode, setting the LSB selects the upper half, but in big-endian mode, the
lower half of the palette is selected.

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Pixel data values can be written and verified through the AHB slave interface. For
information on the supported colors, refer to the section on the related panel type earlier in
this chapter.
The palette RAM is a dual port RAM with independent controls and addresses for each
port. Port1 is used as a read/write port and is connected to the AHB slave interface. The
palette entries can be written and verified through this port. Port2 is used as a read-only
port and is connected to the unpacker and gray scaler. For color modes of less than 16
bpp, the palette enables each pixel value to be mapped to a 16-bit color:

For TFT displays, the 16-bit value is passed directly to the pixel serializer.
For STN displays, the 16-bit value is first converted by the gray scaler.
Table 213 shows the bit representation of the palette data. The palette 16-bit output uses
the TFT 1:5:5:5 data format. In 16 and 24 bpp TFT mode, the palette is bypassed and the
output of the pixel serializer is used as the TFT panel data.
Table 213. Palette data storage for TFT modes.
Bit(s)

Name

Description

Name

Description

(RGB format)

(RGB format)

(BGR format)

(BGR format)

4:0

R[4:0]

Red palette data

B[4:0]

Blue palette data

9:5

G[4:0]

Green palette data

G[4:0]

Green palette data

14:10

B[4:0]

Blue palette data

R[4:0]

Red palette data

15

Intensity / unused

Intensity / unused

20:16

R[4:0]

Red palette data

B[4:0]

Blue palette data

25:21

G[4:0]

Green palette data

G[4:0]

Green palette data

30:26

B[4:0]

Blue palette data

R[4:0]

Red palette data

31

Intensity / unused

Intensity / unused

The red and blue pixel data can be swapped to support BGR data format using a control
register bit 8 (BGR). See the LCD_CTRL register description for more information.
Table 214 shows the bit representation of the palette data for the STN color modes.
Table 214. Palette data storage for STN color modes.
Bit(s)

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Name

Description

Name

Description

(RGB format)

(RGB format)

(BGR format)

(BGR format)

R[0]

Unused

B[0]

Unused

4:1

R[4:1]

Red palette data

B[4:1]

Blue palette data

G[0]

Unused

G[0]

Unused

9:6

G[4:1]

Green palette data

G[4:1]

Green palette data

10

B[0]

Unused

R[0]

Unused

14:11

B[4:1]

Blue palette data

R[4:1]

Red palette data

15

Unused

Unused

16

Unused

Unused

20:17

R[3:0]

Red palette data

B[3:0]

Blue palette data

21

Unused

Unused

25:22

G[3:0]

Green palette data

G[3:0]

Green palette data

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Table 214. Palette data storage for STN color modes.

Bit(s)

Name

Description

Name

Description

(RGB format)

(RGB format)

(BGR format)

(BGR format)

26

Unused

Unused

30:27

B[3:0]

Blue palette data

R[3:0]

Red palette data

31

Unused

Unused

For monochrome STN mode, only the red palette field bits [4:1] are used. However, in
STN color mode the green and blue [4:1] are also used. Only 4 bits per color are used,
because the gray scaler only supports 16 different shades per color.
Table 215 shows the bit representation of the palette data for the STN monochrome
mode.
Table 215. Palette data storage for STN monochrome mode.
Bit(s)

Name

Description

Unused

4:1

Y[3:0]

Intensity data

16:5

Unused

20:17

Y[3:0]

Intensity data

31:21

Unused

12.6.5 Hardware cursor

The hardware cursor is an integral part of the LCD controller. It uses the LCD timing
module to provide an indication of the current scan position coordinate, and intercepts the
pixel stream between the palette logic and the gray scale/output multiplexer.
All cursor programming registers are accessed through the LCD slave interface. This also
provides a read/write port to the cursor image RAM.

12.6.5.1 Cursor operation

The hardware cursor is contained in a dual port RAM. It is programmed by software
through the AHB slave interface. The AHB slave interface also provides access to the
hardware cursor control registers. These registers enable you to modify the cursor
position and perform various other functions.
When enabled, the hardware cursor uses the horizontal and vertical synchronization
signals, along with a pixel clock enable and various display parameters to calculate the
current scan coordinate.
When the display point is inside the bounds of the cursor image, the cursor replaces
frame buffer pixels with cursor pixels.
When the last cursor pixel is displayed, an interrupt is generated that software can use as
an indication that it is safe to modify the cursor image. This enables software controlled
animations to be performed without flickering for frame synchronized cursors.

12.6.5.2 Cursor sizes

Two cursor sizes are supported, as shown in Table 216.
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Table 216. Palette data storage for STN monochrome mode.

X Pixels

Y Pixels

Bits per pixel

Words per line

Words in cursor image

32

32

64

64

64

256

12.6.5.3 Cursor movement

The following descriptions assume that both the screen and cursor origins are at the top
left of the visible screen (the first visible pixel scanned each frame). Figure 31 shows how
each pixel coordinate is assumed to be the top left corner of the pixel.

CRSR_XY(X)

CRSR_XY(Y)

(0,0)

Fig 31. Cursor movement

12.6.5.4 Cursor XY positioning

The CRSR_XY register controls the cursor position on the cursor overlay (see Cursor XY
Position register). This provides separate fields for X and Y ordinates.
The CRSR_CFG register (see Cursor Configuration register) provides a FrameSync bit
controlling the visible behavior of the cursor.
With FrameSync inactive, the cursor responds immediately to any change in the
programmed CRSR_XY value. Some transient smearing effects may be visible if the
cursor is moved across the LCD scan line.
With FrameSync active, the cursor only updates its position after a vertical
synchronization has occurred. This provides clean cursor movement, but the cursor
position only updates once a frame.

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12.6.5.5 Cursor clipping

The CRSR_XY register (see Cursor XY Position register) is programmed with positive
binary values that enable the cursor image to be located anywhere on the visible screen
image. The cursor image is clipped automatically at the screen limits when it extends
beyond the screen image to the right or bottom (see X1,Y1 in Figure 32). The checked
pattern shows the visible portion of the cursor.
Because the CRSR_XY register values are positive integers, to emulate cursor clipping
on the left and top of screen, a Clip Position register, CRSR_CLIP, is provided. This
controls which point of the cursor image is positioned at the CRSR_CLIP coordinate. For
clipping functions on the Y axis, CRSR_XY(X) is zero, and Clip(X) is programmed to
provide the offset into the cursor image (X2 and X3). The equivalent function is provided
to clip on the X axis at the top of the display (Y2).
For cursors that are not clipped at the X=0 or Y=0 lines, program the Clip Position register
X and Y fields with zero to display the cursor correctly. See Clip(X4,Y4) for the effect of
incorrect programming.

Cursor(X5)
Clip(X3)

Cursor(Y1)

Clip(Y4)

Cursor(Y5)

Clip(Y2)

Clip(X2)

Clip(X4)

Cursor(X1)

Fig 32. Cursor clipping

12.6.5.6 Cursor image format

The LCD frame buffer supports three packing formats, but the hardware cursor image
requirement has been simplified to support only LBBP. This is little-endian byte,
big-endian pixel for Windows CE mode.
The Image RAM start address is offset by 0x800 from the LCD base address, as shown in
the register description in this chapter.
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The displayed cursor coordinate system is expressed in terms of (X,Y). 64 x 64 is an

extension of the 32 x 32 format shown in Figure 33.

TOP

(0, 0)

(1, 0)

(2, 0)

(29, 0)

(30, 0)

(31, 0)

(0, 1)

(1, 1)

(2, 1)

(29, 1)

(30, 1)

(31, 1)

(0, 2)

(1, 2)

(2, 2)

(29, 2)

(30, 2)

(31, 2)

LEFT

RIGHT

(0, 29)

(1, 29)

(2, 29)

(29, 29)

(30, 29)

(31, 29)

(0, 30)

(1, 30)

(2, 30)

(29, 30)

(30, 30)

(31, 30)

(0, 31)

(1, 31)

(2, 31)

(29, 31)

(30, 31)

(31, 31)

BOTTOM

Fig 33. Cursor image format

32 by 32 pixel format

Four cursors are held in memory, each with the same pixel format. Table 217 lists the
base addresses for the four cursors.
Table 217. Addresses for 32 x 32 cursors
Address

Description

0x2008 8800

Cursor 0 start address.

0x2008 8900

Cursor 1 start address.

0x2008 8A00

Cursor 2 start address.

0x2008 8B00

Cursor 3 start address.

Table 218 shows the buffer to pixel mapping for Cursor 0.

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Table 218. Buffer to pixel mapping for 32 x 32 pixel cursor format

Offset into cursor memory
Data bits

(8 * y)

(8 * y) +4

F8

FC

1:0

(3, 0)

(19, 0)

(3, y)

(19, y)

(3, 31)

(19, 31)

3:2

(2, 0)

(18, 0)

(2, y)

(18, y)

(2, 31)

(18, 31)

5:4

(1, 0)

(17, 0)

(1, y)

(17, y)

(1, 31)

(17, 31)

7:6

(0, 0)

(16, 0)

(0, y)

(16, y)

(0, 31)

(16, 31)

9:8

(7, 0)

(23, 0)

(7, y)

(23, y)

(7, 31)

(23, 31)

11:10

(6, 0)

(22, 0)

(6, y)

(22, y)

(6, 31)

(22, 31)

13:12

(5, 0)

(21, 0)

(5, y)

(21, y)

(5, 31)

(21, 31)

15:14

(4, 0)

(20, 0)

(4, y)

(20, y)

(4, 31)

(20, 31)

17:16

(11, 0)

(27, 0)

(11, y)

(27, y)

(11, 31)

(27, 31)

19:18

(10, 0)

(26, 0)

(10, y)

(26, y)

(10, 31)

(26, 31)

21:20

(9, 0)

(25, 0)

(9, y)

(25, y)

(9, 31)

(25, 31)

23:22

(8, 0)

(24, 0)

(8, y)

(24, y)

(8, 31)

(24, 31)

25:24

(15, 0)

(31, 0)

(15, y)

(31, y)

(15, 31)

(31, 31)

27:26

(14, 0)

(30, 0)

(14, y)

(30, y)

(14, 31)

(30, 31)

29:28

(13, 0)

(29, 0)

(13, y)

(29, y)

(13, 31)

(29, 31)

31:30

(12, 0)

(28, 0)

(12, y)

(28, y)

(12, 31)

(28,31)

64 by 64 pixel format

Only one cursor fits in the memory space in 64 x 64 mode, as detailed in Table 219.
Table 219. Buffer to pixel mapping for 64 x 64 pixel cursor format
Offset into cursor memory
Data bits

12

(16 * y)

(16 * y) +4

(16 * y) + 8

(16 * y) + 12

FC

1:0

(3, 0)

(19, 0)

(35, 0)

(51, 0)

(3, y)

(19, y)

(35, y)

(51, y)

(51, 63)

3:2

(2, 0)

(18, 0)

(34, 0)

(50, 0)

(2, y)

(18, y)

(34, y)

(50, y)

(50, 63)

5:4

(1, 0)

(17, 0)

(33, 0)

(49, 0)

(1, y)

(17, y)

(33, y)

(49, y)

(49, 63)

7:6

(0, 0)

(16, 0)

(32, 0)

(48, 0)

(0, y)

(16, y)

(32, y)

(48, y)

(48, 63)

9:8

(7, 0)

(23, 0)

(39, 0)

(55, 0)

(7, y)

(23, y)

(39, y)

(55, y)

(55, 63)

11:10

(6, 0)

(22, 0)

(38, 0)

(54, 0)

(6, y)

(22, y)

(38, y)

(54, y)

(54, 63)

13:12

(5, 0)

(21, 0)

(37, 0)

(53, 0)

(5, y)

(21, y)

(37, y)

(53, y)

(53, 63)

15:14

(4, 0)

(20, 0)

(36, 0)

(52, 0)

(4, y)

(20, y)

(36, y)

(52, y)

(52, 63)

17:16

(11, 0)

(27, 0)

(43, 0)

(59, 0)

(11, y)

(27, y)

(43, y)

(59, y)

(59, 63)

19:18

(10, 0)

(26, 0)

(42, 0)

(58, 0)

(10, y)

(26, y)

(42, y)

(58, y)

(58, 63)

21:20

(9, 0)

(25, 0)

(41, 0)

(57, 0)

(9, y)

(25, y)

(41, y)

(57, y)

(57, 63)

23:22

(8, 0)

(24, 0)

(40, 0)

(56, 0)

(8, y)

(24, y)

(40, y)

(56, y)

(56, 63)

25:24

(15, 0)

(31, 0)

(47, 0)

(63, 0)

(15, y)

(31, y)

(47, y)

(63, y)

(63, 63)

27:26

(14, 0)

(30, 0)

(46, 0)

(62, 0)

(14, y)

(30, y)

(46, y)

(62, y)

(62, 63)

29:28

(13, 0)

(29, 0)

(45, 0)

(61, 0)

(13, y)

(29, y)

(45, y)

(61, y)

(61, 63)

31:30

(12, 0)

(28, 0)

(44, 0)

(60, 0)

(12, y)

(28, y)

(44, y)

(60, y)

(60, 63)

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Cursor pixel encoding

Each pixel of the cursor requires two bits of information. These are interpreted as Color0,
Color1, Transparent, and Transparent inverted.
In the coding scheme, bit 1 selects between color and transparent (AND mask) and bit 0
selects variant (XOR mask).
Table 220 shows the pixel encoding bit assignments.
Table 220. Pixel encoding
Value

Description

00

Color0. The cursor color is displayed according to the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) value programmed into the
CRSR_PAL0 register.

01

Color1. The cursor color is displayed according to the RGB value programmed into the CRSR_PAL1 register.

10

Transparent. The cursor pixel is transparent, so is displayed unchanged. This enables the visible cursor to
assume shapes that are not square.

11

Transparent inverted. The cursor pixel assumes the complementary color of the frame pixel that is displayed.
This can be used to ensure that the cursor is visible regardless of the color of the frame buffer image.

12.6.6 Gray scaler

A patented gray scale algorithm drives monochrome and color STN panels. This provides
15 gray scales for monochrome displays. For STN color displays, the three color
components (RGB) are gray scaled simultaneously. This results in 3375 (15x15x15)
colors being available. The gray scaler transforms each 4-bit gray value into a sequence
of activity-per-pixel over several frames, relying to some degree on the display
characteristics, to give the representation of gray scales and color.

12.6.7 Upper and lower panel formatters

Formatters are used in STN mode to convert the gray scaler output to a parallel format as
required by the display. For monochrome displays, this is either 4 or 8 bits wide, and for
color displays, it is 8 bits wide. Table 221 shows a color display driven with 2 2/3 pixels
worth of data in a repeating sequence.
Table 221. Color display driven with 2 2/3 pixel data
Byte

CLD[7]

CLD[6]

CLD[5]

CLD[4]

CLD[3]

CLD[2]

CLD[1]

CLD[0]

P2[Green]

P2[Red]

P1[Blue]

P1[Green]

P1[Red]

P0[Blue]

P0[Green]

P0[Red]

P5[Red]

P4q[Blue]

P4[Green]

P4[Red]

P3[Blue]

P3[Green]

P3[Red]

P2[Blue]

P7[Blue]

P7[Green]

P7[Red]

P6[Blue]

P6[Green]

P6[Red]

P5[Blue]

P5[Green]

Each formatter consists of three 3-bit (RGB) shift left registers. RGB pixel data bit values
from the gray scaler are concurrently shifted into the respective registers. When enough
data is available, a byte is constructed by multiplexing the registered data to the correct bit
position to satisfy the RGB data pattern of LCD panel. The byte is transferred to the 3-byte
FIFO, which has enough space to store eight color pixels.

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12.6.8 Panel clock generator

The output of the panel clock generator block is the panel clock, pin LCD_DCLK. The
panel clock can be based on either the peripheral clock for the LCD block or the external
clock input for the LCD, pin LCD_CLKIN. Whichever source is selected can be divided
down in order to produce the internal LCD clock, LCDCLK.
The panel clock generator can be programmed to output the LCD panel clock in the range
of LCDCLK/2 to LCDCLK/1025 to match the bpp data rate of the LCD panel being used.
The CLKSEL bit in the LCD_POL register determines whether the base clock used is
CCLK or the LCD_CLKIN pin.

12.6.9 Timing controller

The primary function of the timing controller block is to generate the horizontal and vertical
timing panel signals. It also provides the panel bias and enable signals. These timings are
all register-programmable.

12.6.10 STN and TFT data select

Support is provided for passive Super Twisted Nematic (STN) and active Thin Film
Transistor (TFT) LCD display types:

12.6.10.1 STN displays

STN display panels require algorithmic pixel pattern generation to provide pseudo gray
scaling on monochrome displays, or color creation on color displays.

12.6.10.2 TFT displays

TFT display panels require the digital color value of each pixel to be applied to the display
data inputs.

12.6.11 Interrupt generation

Four interrupts are generated by the LCD controller, and a single combined interrupt. The
four interrupts are:

Master bus error interrupt.

Vertical compare interrupt.
Next base address update interrupt.
FIFO underflow interrupt.

Each of the four individual maskable interrupts is enabled or disabled by changing the
mask bits in the LCD_INT_MSK register. These interrupts are also combined into a single
overall interrupt, which is asserted if any of the individual interrupts are both asserted and
unmasked. Provision of individual outputs in addition to a combined interrupt output
enables use of either a global interrupt service routine, or modular device drivers to
handle interrupts.
The status of the individual interrupt sources can be read from the LCD_INTRAW register.

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12.6.11.1 Master bus error interrupt

The master bus error interrupt is asserted when an ERROR response is received by the
master interface during a transaction with a slave. When such an error is encountered, the
master interface enters an error state and remains in this state until clearance of the error
has been signaled to it. When the respective interrupt service routine is complete, the
master bus error interrupt may be cleared by writing a 1 to the BERIC bit in the
LCD_INTCLR register. This action releases the master interface from its ERROR state to
the start of FRAME state, and enables fresh frame of data display to be initiated.

12.6.11.2 Vertical compare interrupt

The vertical compare interrupt asserts when one of four vertical display regions, selected
using the LCD_CTRL register, is reached. The interrupt can be made to occur at the start
of:

Vertical synchronization.
Back porch.
Active video.
Front porch.

The interrupt may be cleared by writing a 1 to the VcompIC bit in the LCD_INTCLR
register.
12.6.11.2.1

Next base address update interrupt

The LCD next base address update interrupt asserts when either the LCDUPBASE or
LCDLPBASE values have been transferred to the LCDUPCURR or LCDLPCURR
incrementers respectively. This signals to the system that it is safe to update the
LCDUPBASE or the LCDLPBASE registers with new frame base addresses if required.
The interrupt can be cleared by writing a 1 to the LNBUIC bit in the LCD_INTCLR register
12.6.11.2.2

FIFO underflow interrupt

The FIFO underflow interrupt asserts when internal data is requested from an empty DMA
FIFO. Internally, upper and lower panel DMA FIFO underflow interrupt signals are
generated.
The interrupt can be cleared by writing a 1 to the FUFIC bit in the LCD_INTCLR register.

12.6.12 LCD power-up and power-down sequence

The LCD controller requires the following power-up sequence to be performed:
1. When power is applied, the following signals are held LOW:

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LCD_LP
LCD_DCLK
LCD_FP
LCD_ENAB_M
LCD_VD[23:0]
LCD_LE
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2. When LCD power is stabilized, a 1 is written to the LcdEn bit in the LCD_CTRL register.
This enables the following signals into their active states:

LCD_LP
LCD_DCLK
LCD_FP
LCD_ENAB_M
LCD_LE

The LCD_VD[23:0] signals remain in an inactive state.

3. When the signals in step 2 have stabilized, the contrast voltage (not controlled or
supplied by the LCD controller) is applied to the LCD panel.
4. If required, a software or hardware timer can be used to provide the minimum display
specific delay time between application of the control signals and power to the panel
display. On completion of the time interval, power is applied to the panel by writing a 1 to
the LcdPwr bit within the LCD_CTRL register that, in turn, sets the LCD_PWR signal high
and enables the LCD_VD[23:0] signals into their active states. The LCD_PWR signal is
intended to be used to gate the power to the LCD panel.
The power-down sequence is the reverse of the above four steps and must be strictly
followed, this time, writing the respective register bits with 0.
Figure 34 shows the power-up and power-down sequences.

LCD on sequence

LCD off sequence

Minimum 0 ms

Minimum 0 ms
LCD Power
Minimum 0 ms

Minimum 0 ms

LCDLP, LCDCP,
LCDFP, LCDAC,
LCDLE
Contrast Voltage
LCDPWR,
LCD[23:0]

Display specific delay

Display specific delay

Fig 34. Power-up and power-down sequences

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12.7 Register description

Table 222 shows the registers associated with the LCD controller and a summary of their
functions. Following the table are details for each register.
Table 222. Summary of LCD controller registers
Address

Name

Description

Reset Access Table

value
[1]

0x400F C1B8

LCD_CFG

LCD Configuration and clocking control

R/W

223

0x2008 8000

LCD_TIMH

Horizontal Timing Control register

R/W

224

0x2008 8004

LCD_TIMV

Vertical Timing Control register

R/W

225

0x2008 8008

LCD_POL

Clock and Signal Polarity Control register

R/W

226

0x2008 800C

LCD_LE

Line End Control register

R/W

227

0x2008 8010

LCD_UPBASE

Upper Panel Frame Base Address register

R/W

228

0x2008 8014

LCD_LPBASE

Lower Panel Frame Base Address register

R/W

229

0x2008 8018

LCD_CTRL

LCD Control register

R/W

230

0x2008 801C

LCD_INTMSK

Interrupt Mask register

R/W

231

0x2008 8020

LCD_INTRAW

Raw Interrupt Status register

RO

232

0x2008 8024

LCD_INTSTAT

Masked Interrupt Status register

RO

233

0x2008 8028

LCD_INTCLR

Interrupt Clear register

WO

234

0x2008 802C

LCD_UPCURR

Upper Panel Current Address Value register

RO

235

0x2008 8030

LCD_LPCURR

Lower Panel Current Address Value register

RO

236

256x16-bit Color Palette registers

R/W

237

0x2008 8200 - 0x2008 83FC LCD_PAL

0x2008 8800 - 0x2008 8BFC CRSR_IMG

Cursor Image registers

R/W

238

0x2008 8C00

CRSR_CTRL

Cursor Control register

R/W

239

0x2008 8C04

CRSR_CFG

Cursor Configuration register

R/W

240

0x2008 8C08

CRSR_PAL0

Cursor Palette register 0

R/W

241

0x2008 8C0C

CRSR_PAL1

Cursor Palette register 1

R/W

242

0x2008 8C10

CRSR_XY

Cursor XY Position register

R/W

243

0x2008 8C14

CRSR_CLIP

Cursor Clip Position register

R/W

244

0x2008 8C20

CRSR_INTMSK

Cursor Interrupt Mask register

R/W

245

0x2008 8C24

CRSR_INTCLR

Cursor Interrupt Clear register

WO

246

0x2008 8C28

CRSR_INTRAW

Cursor Raw Interrupt Status register

RO

247

0x2008 8C2C

CRSR_INTSTAT

Cursor Masked Interrupt Status register

RO

248

[1]

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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12.7.1 LCD Configuration register (LCD_CFG, RW - 0x400F C1B8)

The LCD_CFG register controls the prescaling of the clock used for LCD data generation.
The contents of the LCD_CFG register are described in Table 223.
Table 223. LCD Configuration register (LCD_CFG, RW - 0x400F C1B8)
Bits

Function

4:0

CLKDIV

Description

Reset value

LCD panel clock prescaler selection.

The value in the this register plus 1 is used to divide the selected input clock (see the
CLKSEL bit in the LCD_POL register), to produce the panel clock.
31:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.2 Horizontal Timing register (LCD_TIMH, RW - 0x2008 8000)

The LCD_TIMH register controls the Horizontal Synchronization pulse Width (HSW), the
Horizontal Front Porch (HFP) period, the Horizontal Back Porch (HBP) period, and the
Pixels-Per-Line (PPL).
The contents of the LCD_TIMH register are described in Table 224.
Table 224. Horizontal Timing register (LCD_TIMH, RW - 0x2008 8000)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

1:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

7:2

PPL

Pixels-per-line.

The PPL bit field specifies the number of pixels in each line or row of the screen. PPL is
a 6-bit value that represents between 16 and 1024 pixels per line. PPL counts the
number of pixel clocks that occur before the HFP is applied.
Program the value required divided by 16, minus 1. Actual pixels-per-line = 16 * (PPL +
1). For example, to obtain 320 pixels per line, program PPL as (320/16) -1 = 19.
15:8

HSW

Horizontal synchronization pulse width.

The 8-bit HSW field specifies the pulse width of the line clock in passive mode, or the
horizontal synchronization pulse in active mode. Program with desired value minus 1.
23:16

HFP

Horizontal front porch.

The 8-bit HFP field sets the number of pixel clock intervals at the end of each line or row
of pixels, before the LCD line clock is pulsed. When a complete line of pixels is
transmitted to the LCD driver, the value in HFP counts the number of pixel clocks to wait
before asserting the line clock. HFP can generate a period of 1-256 pixel clock cycles.
Program with desired value minus 1.
31:24

HBP

Horizontal back porch.

The 8-bit HBP field is used to specify the number of pixel clock periods inserted at the
beginning of each line or row of pixels. After the line clock for the previous line has been
deasserted, the value in HBP counts the number of pixel clocks to wait before starting
the next display line. HBP can generate a delay of 1-256 pixel clock cycles. Program with
desired value minus 1.

12.7.2.1 Horizontal timing restrictions

DMA requests new data at the start of a horizontal display line. Some time must be
allowed for the DMA transfer and for data to propagate down the FIFO path in the LCD
interface. The data path latency forces some restrictions on the usable minimum values
for horizontal porch width in STN mode. The minimum values are HSW = 2 and HBP = 2.

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Single panel mode:

HSW = 3 pixel clock cycles

HBP = 5 pixel clock cycles
HFP = 5 pixel clock cycles
Panel Clock Divisor (PCD) = 1 (LCDCLK / 3)

Dual panel mode:

HSW = 3 pixel clock cycles

HBP = 5 pixel clock cycles
HFP = 5 pixel clock cycles
PCD = 5 (LCDCLK / 7)

If enough time is given at the start of the line, for example, setting HSW = 6, HBP = 10,
data does not corrupt for PCD = 4, the minimum value.

12.7.3 Vertical Timing register (LCD_TIMV, RW - 0x2008 8004)

The LCD_TIMV register controls the Vertical Synchronization pulse Width (VSW), the
Vertical Front Porch (VFP) period, the Vertical Back Porch (VBP) period, and the
Lines-Per-Panel (LPP).
The contents of the LCD_TIMV register are described in Table 225.
Table 225. Vertical Timing register (LCD_TIMV, RW - 0x2008 8004)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

9:0

LPP

Lines per panel.

This is the number of active lines per screen. The LPP field specifies the total number of
lines or rows on the LCD panel being controlled. LPP is a 10-bit value allowing between
1 and 1024 lines. Program the register with the number of lines per LCD panel, minus 1.
For dual panel displays, program the register with the number of lines on each of the
upper and lower panels.
15:10

VSW

Vertical synchronization pulse width.

This is the number of horizontal synchronization lines. The 6-bit VSW field specifies the
pulse width of the vertical synchronization pulse. Program the register with the number of
lines required, minus one.
The number of horizontal synchronization lines must be small (for example, program to
zero) for passive STN LCDs. The higher the value the worse the contrast on STN LCDs.

23:16

VFP

Vertical front porch.

This is the number of inactive lines at the end of a frame, before the vertical
synchronization period. The 8-bit VFP field specifies the number of line clocks to insert at
the end of each frame. When a complete frame of pixels is transmitted to the LCD
display, the value in VFP is used to count the number of line clock periods to wait.
After the count has elapsed, the vertical synchronization signal, LCD_FP, is asserted in
active mode, or extra line clocks are inserted as specified by the VSW bit-field in passive
mode. VFP generates 0255 line clock cycles. Program to zero on passive displays for
improved contrast.

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Table 225. Vertical Timing register (LCD_TIMV, RW - 0x2008 8004)

Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

31:24

VBP

Vertical back porch.

This is the number of inactive lines at the start of a frame, after the vertical
synchronization period. The 8-bit VBP field specifies the number of line clocks inserted at
the beginning of each frame. The VBP count starts immediately after the vertical
synchronization signal for the previous frame has been negated for active mode, or the
extra line clocks have been inserted as specified by the VSW bit field in passive mode.
After this has occurred, the count value in VBP sets the number of line clock periods
inserted before the next frame. VBP generates 0255 extra line clock cycles. Program to
zero on passive displays for improved contrast.

12.7.4 Clock and Signal Polarity register (LCD_POL, RW - 0x2008 8008)

The LCD_POL register controls various details of clock timing and signal polarity.
The contents of the LCD_POL register are described in Table 226.
Table 226. Clock and Signal Polarity register (LCD_POL, RW - 0x2008 8008)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

4:0

PCD_LO

Lower five bits of panel clock divisor.

The ten-bit PCD field, comprising PCD_HI (bits 31:27 of this register) and PCD_LO, is
used to derive the LCD panel clock frequency LCD_DCLK from the input clock,
LCD_DCLK = LCDCLK/(PCD+2).
For monochrome STN displays with a 4 or 8-bit interface, the panel clock is a factor of
four and eight down from the actual individual pixel clock rate. For color STN displays,
22/3 pixels are output per LCD_DCLK cycle, so the panel clock is 0.375 times the pixel
rate.
For TFT displays, the pixel clock divider can be bypassed by setting the BCD bit in this
register.
Note: data path latency forces some restrictions on the usable minimum values for the
panel clock divider in STN modes:

Single panel color mode, PCD = 1 (LCD_DCLK = LCDCLK/3).

Dual panel color mode, PCD = 4 (LCD_DCLK = LCDCLK/6).
Single panel monochrome 4-bit interface mode, PCD = 2(LCD_DCLK = LCDCLK/4).
Dual panel monochrome 4-bit interface mode and single panel monochrome 8-bit
interface mode, PCD = 6(LCD_DCLK = LCDCLK/8).
Dual panel monochrome 8-bit interface mode, PCD = 14(LCD_DCLK = LCDCLK/16).
5

CLKSEL

Clock Select.

This bit controls the selection of the source for LCDCLK.

0 = the clock source for the LCD block is CCLK.
1 = the clock source for the LCD block is LCD_CLKIN (external clock input for the LVD).
10:6

ACB

AC bias pin frequency.

The AC bias pin frequency is only applicable to STN displays. These require the pixel
voltage polarity to periodically reverse to prevent damage caused by DC charge
accumulation. Program this field with the required value minus one to apply the number
of line clocks between each toggle of the AC bias pin, LCD_ENAB_M. This field has no
effect if the LCD is operating in TFT mode, when the LCD_ENAB_M pin is used as a
data enable signal.

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Table 226. Clock and Signal Polarity register (LCD_POL, RW - 0x2008 8008)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

11

IVS

Invert vertical synchronization.

The IVS bit inverts the polarity of the LCD_FP signal.

0 = LCD_FP pin is active HIGH and inactive LOW.
1 = LCD_FP pin is active LOW and inactive HIGH.
12

IHS

Invert horizontal synchronization.

The IHS bit inverts the polarity of the LCD_LP signal.

0 = LCD_LP pin is active HIGH and inactive LOW.
1 = LCD_LP pin is active LOW and inactive HIGH.
13

IPC

Invert panel clock.

The IPC bit selects the edge of the panel clock on which pixel data is driven out onto the
LCD data lines.
0 = Data is driven on the LCD data lines on the rising edge of LCD_DCLK.
1 = Data is driven on the LCD data lines on the falling edge of LCD_DCLK.
14

IOE

Invert output enable.

This bit selects the active polarity of the output enable signal in TFT mode. In this mode,
the LCD_ENAB_M pin is used as an enable that indicates to the LCD panel when valid
display data is available. In active display mode, data is driven onto the LCD data lines
at the programmed edge of LCD_DCLK when LCD_ENAB_M is in its active state.
0 = LCD_ENAB_M output pin is active HIGH in TFT mode.
1 = LCD_ENAB_M output pin is active LOW in TFT mode.
15

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

25:16

CPL

Clocks per line.

This field specifies the number of actual LCD_DCLK clocks to the LCD panel on each
line. This is the number of PPL divided by either 1 (for TFT), 4 or 8 (for monochrome
passive), 2 2/3 (for color passive), minus one. This must be correctly programmed in
addition to the PPL bit in the LCD_TIMH register for the LCD display to work correctly.
26

BCD

Bypass pixel clock divider.

Setting this to 1 bypasses the pixel clock divider logic. This is mainly used for TFT
displays.
31:27

PCD_HI

Upper five bits of panel clock divisor.

See description for PCD_LO, in bits [4:0] of this register.

12.7.5 Line End Control register (LCD_LE, RW - 0x2008 800C)

The LCD_LE register controls the enabling of line-end signal LCD_LE. When enabled, a
positive pulse, four LCDCLK periods wide, is output on LCD_LE after a programmable
delay, LED, from the last pixel of each display line. If the line-end signal is disabled it is
held permanently LOW.
The contents of the LCD_LE register are described in Table 227.

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Table 227. Line End Control register (LCD_LE, RW - 0x2008 800C)

Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

6:0

LED

Line-end delay.

Controls Line-end signal delay from the rising-edge of the last panel clock, LCD_DCLK.
Program with number of LCDCLK clock periods minus 1.
15:7

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

16

LEE

LCD Line end enable.

0 = LCD_LE disabled (held LOW).

1 = LCD_LE signal active.
31:17

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.6 Upper Panel Frame Base Address register (LCD_UPBASE, RW 0x2008 8010)
The LCD_UPBASE register is the color LCD upper panel DMA base address register, and
is used to program the base address of the frame buffer for the upper panel. LCDUPBase
(and LCDLPBase for dual panels) must be initialized before enabling the LCD controller.
The base address must be doubleword aligned.
Optionally, the value may be changed mid-frame to create double-buffered video displays.
These registers are copied to the corresponding current registers at each LCD vertical
synchronization. This event causes the LNBU bit and an optional interrupt to be
generated. The interrupt can be used to reprogram the base address when generating
double-buffered video.
The contents of the LCD_UPBASE register are described in Table 228.
Table 228. Upper Panel Frame Base register (LCD_UPBASE, RW - 0x2008 8010)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

2:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

31:3

LCDUPBASE

LCD upper panel base address.

This is the start address of the upper panel frame data in memory and is doubleword
aligned.

12.7.7 Lower Panel Frame Base Address register (LCD_LPBASE, RW 0x2008 8014)
The LCD_LPBASE register is the color LCD lower panel DMA base address register, and
is used to program the base address of the frame buffer for the lower panel. LCDLPBase
must be initialized before enabling the LCD controller. The base address must be
doubleword aligned.
Optionally, the value may be changed mid-frame to create double-buffered video displays.
These registers are copied to the corresponding current registers at each LCD vertical
synchronization. This event causes the LNBU bit and an optional interrupt to be
generated. The interrupt can be used to reprogram the base address when generating
double-buffered video.
The contents of the LCD_LPBASE register are described in Table 229.

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Table 229. Lower Panel Frame Base register (LCD_LPBASE, RW - 0x2008 8014)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

2:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

31:3

LCDLPBASE

LCD lower panel base address.

This is the start address of the lower panel frame data in memory and is doubleword
aligned.

12.7.8 LCD Control register (LCD_CTRL, RW - 0x2008 8018)

The LCD_CTRL register controls the LCD operating mode and the panel pixel
parameters.
The contents of the LCD_CTRL register are described in Table 230.
Table 230. LCD Control register (LCD_CTRL, RW - 0x2008 8018)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

LcdEn

LCD enable control bit.

0 = LCD disabled. Signals LCD_LP, LCD_DCLK, LCD_FP, LCD_ENAB_M, and

LCD_LE are low.
1 = LCD enabled. Signals LCD_LP, LCD_DCLK, LCD_FP, LCD_ENAB_M, and
LCD_LE are high.
See LCD power-up and power-down sequence for details on LCD power sequencing.
3:1

LcdBpp

LCD bits per pixel:

Selects the number of bits per LCD pixel:
000 = 1 bpp.
001 = 2 bpp.
010 = 4 bpp.
011 = 8 bpp.
100 = 16 bpp.
101 = 24 bpp (TFT panel only).
110 = 16 bpp, 5:6:5 mode.
111 = 12 bpp, 4:4:4 mode.

LcdBW

STN LCD monochrome/color selection.

0 = STN LCD is color.

1 = STN LCD is monochrome.
This bit has no meaning in TFT mode.
5

LcdTFT

LCD panel TFT type selection.

0 = LCD is an STN display. Use gray scaler.

1 = LCD is a TFT display. Do not use gray scaler.
6

LcdMono8

Monochrome LCD interface width.

This bit controls whether a monochrome STN LCD uses a 4 or 8-bit parallel interface.
It has no meaning in other modes and must be programmed to zero.
0 = monochrome LCD uses a 4-bit interface.
1 = monochrome LCD uses a 8-bit interface.
7

LcdDual

Single or Dual LCD panel selection.

STN LCD interface is:

0 = single-panel.
1 = dual-panel.
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Table 230. LCD Control register (LCD_CTRL, RW - 0x2008 8018)

Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

BGR

Color format selection.

0 = RGB: normal output.

1 = BGR: red and blue swapped.
9

BEBO

Big-endian Byte Order.

Controls byte ordering in memory:

0 = little-endian byte order.
1 = big-endian byte order.
10

BEPO

Big-Endian Pixel Ordering.

Controls pixel ordering within a byte:
0 = little-endian ordering within a byte.
1 = big-endian pixel ordering within a byte.
The BEPO bit selects between little and big-endian pixel packing for 1, 2, and 4 bpp
display modes, it has no effect on 8 or 16 bpp pixel formats.
See Pixel serializer for more information on the data format.

11

LcdPwr

LCD power enable.

0 = power not gated through to LCD panel and LCD_VD[23:0] signals disabled, (held
LOW).
1 = power gated through to LCD panel and LCD_VD[23:0] signals enabled, (active).
See LCD power-up and power-down sequence for details on LCD power sequencing.
13:12 LcdVComp

LCD Vertical Compare Interrupt.

Generate VComp interrupt at:
00 = start of vertical synchronization.
01 = start of back porch.
10 = start of active video.
11 = start of front porch.

15:14 16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

WATERMARK LCD DMA FIFO watermark level.

Controls when DMA requests are generated:

0 = An LCD DMA request is generated when either of the DMA FIFOs have four or
more empty locations.
1 = An LCD DMA request is generated when either of the DMA FIFOs have eight or
more empty locations.
31:17 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.9 Interrupt Mask register (LCD_INTMSK, RW - 0x2008 801C)

The LCD_INTMSK register controls whether various LCD interrupts occur.Setting bits in
this register enables the corresponding raw interrupt LCD_INTRAW status bit values to be
passed to the LCD_INTSTAT register for processing as interrupts.
The contents of the LCD_INTMSK register are described in Table 231.

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Table 231. Interrupt Mask register (LCD_INTMSK, RW - 0x2008 801C)

Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

FUFIM

FIFO underflow interrupt enable.

0: The FIFO underflow interrupt is disabled.

1: Interrupt will be generated when the FIFO underflows.
2

LNBUIM

LCD next base address update interrupt enable.

0: The base address update interrupt is disabled.

1: Interrupt will be generated when the LCD base address registers have been updated
from the next address registers.
3

VCompIM

Vertical compare interrupt enable.

0: The vertical compare time interrupt is disabled.

1: Interrupt will be generated when the vertical compare time (as defined by LcdVComp
field in the LCD_CTRL register) is reached.
4

BERIM

AHB master error interrupt enable.

0: The AHB Master error interrupt is disabled.

1: Interrupt will be generated when an AHB Master error occurs.
31:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.10 Raw Interrupt Status register (LCD_INTRAW, RW - 0x2008 8020)

The LCD_INTRAW register contains status flags for various LCD controller events. These
flags can generate an interrupts if enabled by mask bits in the LCD_INTMSK register.
The contents of LCD_INTRAW register are described in Table 232.
Table 232. Raw Interrupt Status register (LCD_INTRAW, RW - 0x2008 8020)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

FUFRIS

FIFO underflow raw interrupt status.

Set when either the upper or lower DMA FIFOs have been read accessed when empty
causing an underflow condition to occur.
Generates an interrupt if the FUFIM bit in the LCD_INTMSK register is set.

LNBURIS

LCD next address base update raw interrupt status.

Mode dependent. Set when the current base address registers have been successfully
updated by the next address registers. Signifies that a new next address can be loaded
if double buffering is in use.
Generates an interrupt if the LNBUIM bit in the LCD_INTMSK register is set.
3

VCompRIS

Vertical compare raw interrupt status.

Set when one of the four vertical regions is reached, as selected by the LcdVComp bits
in the LCD_CTRL register.
Generates an interrupt if the VCompIM bit in the LCD_INTMSK register is set.
4

BERRAW

AHB master bus error raw interrupt status.

Set when the AHB master interface receives a bus error response from a slave.
Generates an interrupt if the BERIM bit in the LCD_INTMSK register is set.
31:5

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12.7.11 Masked Interrupt Status register (LCD_INTSTAT, RW - 0x2008 8024)

The LCD_INTSTAT register is Read-Only, and contains a bit-by-bit logical AND of the
LCD_INTRAW register and the LCD_INTMASK register. A logical OR of all interrupts is
provided to the system interrupt controller.
The contents of LCD_INTSTAT register are described in Table 233.
Table 233. Masked Interrupt Status register (LCD_INTSTAT, RW - 0x2008 8024)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

FUFMIS

FIFO underflow masked interrupt status.

Set when the both the FUFRIS bit in the LCD_INTRAW register and the FUFIM bit in
the LCD_INTMSK register are set.
2

LNBUMIS

LCD next address base update masked interrupt status.

Set when the both the LNBURIS bit in the LCD_INTRAW register and the LNBUIM bit
in the LCD_INTMSK register are set.
3

VCompMIS

Vertical compare masked interrupt status.

Set when the both the VCompRIS bit in the LCD_INTRAW register and the VCompIM
bit in the LCD_INTMSK register are set.
4

BERMIS

AHB master bus error masked interrupt status.

Set when the both the BERRAW bit in the LCD_INTRAW register and the BERIM bit in
the LCD_INTMSK register are set.
31:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.12 Interrupt Clear register (LCD_INTCLR, RW - 0x2008 8028)

The LCD_INTCLR register is Write-Only. Writing a logic 1 to the relevant bit clears the
corresponding interrupt.
The contents of the LCD_INTCLR register are described in Table 234.
Table 234. Interrupt Clear register (LCD_INTCLR, RW - 0x2008 8028)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

FUFIC

FIFO underflow interrupt clear.

Writing a 1 to this bit clears the FIFO underflow interrupt.

2

LNBUIC

VCompIC

LCD next address base update interrupt clear.

Writing a 1 to this bit clears the LCD next address base update interrupt.
Vertical compare interrupt clear.

Writing a 1 to this bit clears the vertical compare interrupt.

4

BERIC

AHB master error interrupt clear.

Writing a 1 to this bit clears the AHB master error interrupt.

31:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.13 Upper Panel Current Address register (LCD_UPCURR, RW 0x2008 802C)

The LCD_UPCURR register is Read-Only, and contains an approximate value of the
upper panel data DMA address when read.
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Note: This register can change at any time and therefore can only be used as a rough
indication of display position.

The contents of the LCD_UPCURR register are described in Table 235.

Table 235. Upper Panel Current Address register (LCD_UPCURR, RW - 0x2008 802C)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

31:0

LCDUPCURR

LCD Upper Panel Current Address.

Contains the current LCD upper panel data DMA address.

12.7.14 Lower Panel Current Address register (LCD_LPCURR, RW 0x2008 8030)

The LCD_LPCURR register is Read-Only, and contains an approximate value of the lower
panel data DMA address when read.
Note: This register can change at any time and therefore can only be used as a rough
indication of display position.

The contents of the LCD_LPCURR are described in Table 236.

Table 236. Lower Panel Current Address register (LCD_LPCURR, RW - 0x2008 8030)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

31:0

LCDLPCURR

LCD Lower Panel Current Address.

Contains the current LCD lower panel data DMA address.

12.7.15 Color Palette registers (LCD_PAL, RW - 0x2008 8200 to 0x2008 83FC)

The LCD_PAL register contain 256 palette entries organized as 128 locations of two
entries per word.
Each word location contains two palette entries. This means that 128 word locations are
used for the palette. When configured for little-endian byte ordering, bits [15:0] are the
lower numbered palette entry and [31:16] are the higher numbered palette entry. When
configured for big-endian byte ordering this is reversed, because bits [31:16] are the low
numbered palette entry and [15:0] are the high numbered entry.
Note: Only TFT displays use all of the palette entry bits.

The contents of the LCD_PAL register are described in Table 237.

Table 237. Color Palette registers (LCD_PAL, RW - 0x2008 8200 to 0x2008 83FC)
Bits

Function

4:0

R[4:0]

Description

Reset value

Red palette data.

For STN displays, only the four MSBs, bits [4:1], are used. For monochrome displays
only the red palette data is used. All of the palette registers have the same bit fields.
9:5

G[4:0]

Green palette data.

14:10

B[4:0]

Blue palette data.

15

Intensity / unused bit.

Can be used as the LSB of the R, G, and B inputs to a 6:6:6 TFT display, doubling the
number of colors to 64K, where each color has two different intensities.

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Table 237. Color Palette registers (LCD_PAL, RW - 0x2008 8200 to 0x2008 83FC)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

20:16

R[4:0]

Red palette data.

For STN displays, only the four MSBs, bits [4:1], are used. For monochrome displays
only the red palette data is used. All of the palette registers have the same bit fields.
25:21

G[4:0]

Green palette data.

30:26

B[4:0]

Blue palette data.

31

Intensity / unused bit.

Can be used as the LSB of the R, G, and B inputs to a 6:6:6 TFT display, doubling the
number of colors to 64K, where each color has two different intensities.

12.7.16 Cursor Image registers (CRSR_IMG, RW - 0x2008 8800 to

0x2008 8BFC)
The CRSR_IMG register area contains 256-word wide values which are used to define
the image or images overlaid on the display by the hardware cursor mechanism. The
image must always be stored in LBBP mode (little-endian byte, big-endian pixel) mode, as
described in Section 12.6.5.6. Two bits are used to encode color and transparency for
each pixel in the cursor.
Depending on the state of bit 0 in the CRSR_CFG register (see Cursor Configuration
register description), the cursor image RAM contains either four 32x32 cursor images, or
a single 64x64 cursor image.
The two colors defined for the cursor are mapped onto values from the CRSR_PAL0 and
CRSR_PAL0 registers (see Cursor Palette register descriptions).
The contents of the CRSR_IMG register are described in Table 238.
Table 238. Cursor Image registers (CRSR_IMG, RW - 0x2008 8800 to 0x2008 8BFC)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

31:0

CRSR_IMG

Cursor Image data.

The 256 words of the cursor image registers define the appearance of either one
64x64 cursor, or 4 32x32 cursors.

12.7.17 Cursor Control register (CRSR_CTRL, RW - 0x2008 8C00)

The CRSR_CTRL register provides access to frequently used cursor functions, such as
the display on/off control for the cursor, and the cursor number.
If a 32x32 cursor is selected, one of four 32x32 cursors can be enabled. The images each
occupy one quarter of the image memory, with Cursor0 from location 0, followed by
Cursor1 from address 0x100, Cursor2 from 0x200 and Cursor3 from 0x300. If a 64x64
cursor is selected only one cursor fits in the image buffer, and no selection is possible.
Similar frame synchronization rules apply to the cursor number as apply to the cursor
coordinates. If CrsrFramesync is 1, the displayed cursor image is only changed during the
vertical frame blanking period. If CrsrFrameSync is 0, the cursor image index is changed
immediately, even if the cursor is currently being scanned.
The contents of the CRSR_CTRL register are described in Table 239.

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Table 239. Cursor Control register (CRSR_CTRL, RW - 0x2008 8C00)

Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

CrsrOn

Cursor enable.

0 = Cursor is not displayed.

1 = Cursor is displayed.
3:1

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

5:4

CrsrNum[1:0]

Cursor image number.

If the selected cursor size is 6x64, this field has no effect. If the selected cursor size
is 32x32:
00 = Cursor0.
01 = Cursor1.
10 = Cursor2.
11 = Cursor3.
31:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.18 Cursor Configuration register (CRSR_CFG, RW - 0x2008 8C04)

The CRSR_CFG register provides overall configuration information for the hardware
cursor.
The contents of the CRSR_CFG register are described in Table 240.
Table 240. Cursor Configuration register (CRSR_CFG, RW - 0x2008 8C04)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

CrsrSize

Cursor size selection.

0 = 32x32 pixel cursor. Allows for 4 defined cursors.

1 = 64x64 pixel cursor.
1

FrameSync

Cursor frame synchronization type.

0 = Cursor coordinates are asynchronous.

1 = Cursor coordinates are synchronized to the frame synchronization pulse.
31:2

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.19 Cursor Palette register 0 (CRSR_PAL0, RW - 0x2008 8C08)

The cursor palette registers provide color palette information for the visible colors of the
cursor. Color0 maps through CRSR_PAL0.
The register provides 24-bit RGB values that are displayed according to the abilities of the
LCD panel in the same way as the frame-buffers palette output is displayed.
In monochrome STN mode, only the upper 4 bits of the Red field are used. In STN color
mode, the upper 4 bits of the Red, Blue, and Green fields are used. In 24 bits per pixel
mode, all 24 bits of the palette registers are significant.
The contents of the CRSR_PAL0 register are described in Table 241.

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Table 241. Cursor Palette register 0 (CRSR_PAL0, RW - 0x2008 8C08)

Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

7:0

Red

Red color component

15:8

Green

Green color component

23:16

Blue

Blue color component.

31:24

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.20 Cursor Palette register 1 (CRSR_PAL1, RW - 0x2008 8C0C)

The cursor palette registers provide color palette information for the visible colors of the
cursor. Color1 maps through CRSR_PAL1.
The register provides 24-bit RGB values that are displayed according to the abilities of the
LCD panel in the same way as the frame-buffers palette output is displayed.
In monochrome STN mode, only the upper 4 bits of the Red field are used. In STN color
mode, the upper 4 bits of the Red, Blue, and Green fields are used. In 24 bits per pixel
mode, all 24 bits of the palette registers are significant.
The contents of the CRSR_PAL1 register are described in Table 242.
Table 242. Cursor Palette register 1 (CRSR_PAL1, RW - 0x2008 8C0C)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

7:0

Red

Red color component

15:8

Green

Green color component

23:16

Blue

Blue color component.

31:24

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.21 Cursor XY Position register (CRSR_XY, RW - 0x2008 8C10)

The CRSR_XY register defines the distance of the top-left edge of the cursor from the
top-left side of the cursor overlay. refer to the section on Cursor Clipping for more details.
If the FrameSync bit in the CRSR_CFG register is 0, the cursor position changes
immediately, even if the cursor is currently being scanned. If Framesync is 1, the cursor
position is only changed during the next vertical frame blanking period.
The contents of the CRSR_XY register are described in Table 243.
Table 243. Cursor XY Position register (CRSR_XY, RW - 0x2008 8C10)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

9:0

CrsrX

X ordinate of the cursor origin measured in pixels.

15:10

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

25:16

CrsrY

Y ordinate of the cursor origin measured in pixels.

31:26

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

When 0, the left edge of the cursor is at the left of the display.

When 0, the top edge of the cursor is at the top of the display.

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12.7.22 Cursor Clip Position register (CRSR_CLIP, RW - 0x2008 8C14)

The CRSR_CLIP register defines the distance from the top-left edge of the cursor image,
to the first displayed pixel in the cursor image.
Different synchronization rules apply to the Cursor Clip registers than apply to the cursor
coordinates. If the FrameSync bit in the CRSR_CFG register is 0, the cursor clip point is
changed immediately, even if the cursor is currently being scanned.
If the Framesync bit in the CRSR_CFG register is 1, the displayed cursor image is only
changed during the vertical frame blanking period, providing that the cursor position has
been updated since the Clip register was programmed. When programming, the Clip
register must be written before the Position register (ClcdCrsrXY) to ensure that in a given
frame, the clip and position information is coherent.
The contents of the CRSR_CLIP register are described in Table 244.
Table 244. Cursor Clip Position register (CRSR_CLIP, RW - 0x2008 8C14)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

5:0

CrsrClipX

Cursor clip position for X direction.

Distance from the left edge of the cursor image to the first displayed pixel in the cursor.
When 0, the first pixel of the cursor line is displayed.
7:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

13:8

CrsrClipY

Cursor clip position for Y direction.

Distance from the top of the cursor image to the first displayed pixel in the cursor.
When 0, the first displayed pixel is from the top line of the cursor image.
31:14

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.23 Cursor Interrupt Mask register (CRSR_INTMSK, RW - 0x2008 8C20)

The CRSR_INTMSK register is used to enable or disable the cursor from interrupting the
processor.
The contents of the CRSR_INTMSK register are described in Table 245.
Table 245. Cursor Interrupt Mask register (CRSR_INTMSK, RW - 0x2008 8C20)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

CrsrIM

Cursor interrupt mask.

When clear, the cursor never interrupts the processor.

When set, the cursor interrupts the processor immediately after reading of the last
word of cursor image.
31:1

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.24 Cursor Interrupt Clear register (CRSR_INTCLR, RW - 0x2008 8C24)

The CRSR_INTCLR register is used by software to clear the cursor interrupt status and
the cursor interrupt signal to the processor.
The contents of the CRSR_INTCLR register are described in Table 246.

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Table 246. Cursor Interrupt Clear register (CRSR_INTCLR, RW - 0x2008 8C24)

Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

CrsrIC

Cursor interrupt clear.

Writing a 0 to this bit has no effect.

Writing a 1 to this bit causes the cursor interrupt status to be cleared.
31:1

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.25 Cursor Raw Interrupt Status register (CRSR_INTRAW, RW 0x2008 8C28)

The CRSR_INTRAW register is set to indicate a cursor interrupt. When enabled via the
CrsrIM bit in the CRSR_INTMSK register, provides the interrupt to the system interrupt
controller.
The contents of the CRSR_INTRAW register are described in Table 247.
Table 247. Cursor Raw Interrupt Status register (CRSR_INTRAW, RW - 0x2008 8C28)
Bits

Function

CrsrRIS

Description

Reset value

Cursor raw interrupt status.

The cursor interrupt status is set immediately after the last data is read from the cursor
image for the current frame.
This bit is cleared by writing to the CrsrIC bit in the CRSR_INTCLR register.
31:1

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

12.7.26 Cursor Masked Interrupt Status register (CRSR_INTSTAT, RW 0x2008 8C2C)

The CRSR_INTSTAT register is set to indicate a cursor interrupt providing that the
interrupt is not masked in the CRSR_INTMSK register.
The contents of the CRSR_INTSTAT register are described in Table 248.
Table 248. Cursor Masked Interrupt Status register (CRSR_INTSTAT, RW - 0x2008 8C2C)
Bits

Function

Description

Reset value

CrsrMIS

Cursor masked interrupt status.

The cursor interrupt status is set immediately after the last data read from the cursor
image for the current frame, providing that the corresponding bit in the CRSR_INTMSK
register is set.
The bit remains clear if the CRSR_INTMSK register is clear.
This bit is cleared by writing to the CRSR_INTCLR register.
31:1

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12.8 LCD timing diagrams

one horizontal line

pixel clock
(internal)
LCD_TIMH (HSW)
LCDLP
(line synch
pulse)

LCDDCLK
(panel clock)

suppressed
during LCDLP

LCD_TIMH (HBP)

16 LCD_TIMH(PPL) 1

horizontal back porch

(defined in pixel clocks)

LCD_TIMH (HFP)

horizontal front porch

(defined in pixel clocks)

LCDVD[15:0]
(panel data)
one horizontal line of LCD data

(1) The active data lines will vary with the type of STN panel (4-bit, 8-bit, color, mono) and with single or dual frames.
(2) The LCD panel clock is selected and scaled by the LCD controller and used to produce LCDCLK.
(3) The duration of the LCD_LP signal is controlled by the HSW field in the LCD_TIMH register.
(4) The Polarity of the LCD_LP signal is determined by the IHS bit in the LCD_POL register.

Fig 35. Horizontal timing for STN displays

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one frame

LCDDCLK
(panel clock)

panel data clock active

LCD_TIMV (VSW)
LCDFP
(vertical synch
pulse)
LCD_TIMV (VBP)

LCD_TIMV(LPP)

LCD_TIMV (VFP)

back porch
(defined in line clocks)

all horizontal lines for one frame

front porch
(defined in line clocks)

pixel data
and horizontal
controls for one
frame
see horizontal timing for STN displays

(1) Signal polarities may vary for some displays.

Fig 36. Vertical timing for STN displays

one horizontal line

pixel clock
(internal)
LCD_TIMH (HSW)
LCDLP
(lhorizontal
synch pulse)

LCDDCLK
(panel clock)

LCD_TIMH(PPL)

LCD_TIMH (HBP)

horizontal back porch

(defined in pixel clocks)

LCD_TIMH (HFP)

horizontal front porch

(defined in pixel clocks)

LCDVD[23:0]
(panel data)
one horizontal line of LCD data

(1) The active data lines will vary with the type of TFT panel.
(2) The LCD panel clock is selected and scaled by the LCD controller and used to produce LCDCLK.
(3) The duration of the LCD_LP is controlled by the HSW field in the LCD_TIMH register.
(4) The polarity of the LCD_LP signal is determined by the IHS bit in the LCD_POL register.

Fig 37. Horizontal timing for TFT displays

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one frame

LCDDCLK
(panel clock)

panel data clock active

LCDENA
(data enable)

data enable

LCD_TIMV (VSW)
LCDFP
(vertical synch
pulse)
LCD_TIMV (VBP)

LCD_TIMV(LPP)

LCD_TIMV (VFP)

back porch
(defined in line clocks)

all horizontal lines for one frame

front porch
(defined in line clocks)

pixel data
and horizontal
control signals
for one frame
see horizontal timing for TFT displays

(1) Polarities may vary for some displays.

Fig 38. Vertical timing for TFT displays

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Chapter 12: LPC178x/7x LCD controller

12.9 LCD panel signal usage

Table 249. LCD panel connections for STN single panel mode
External pin

4-bit mono STN single panel

8-bit mono STN single panel

Color STN single panel

pin used

LCD function

pin used

LCD function

pin used

LCD function

LCD_VD[8] LCD_VD[23]

LCD_VD[7]

P4[29]

UD[7]

P4[29]

UD[7]

LCD_VD[6]

P4[28]

UD[6]

P4[28]

UD[6]

LCD_VD[5]

P2[13]

UD[5]

P2[13]

UD[5]

LCD_VD[4]

P2[12]

UD[4]

P2[12]

UD[4]

LCD_VD[3]

P2[9]

UD[3]

P2[9]

UD[3]

P2[9]

UD[3]

LCD_VD[2]

P2[8]

UD[2]

P2[8]

UD[2]

P2[8]

UD[2]

LCD_VD[1]

P2[7]

UD[1]

P2[7]

UD[1]

P2[7]

UD[1]

LCD_VD[0]

P2[6]

UD[0]

P2[6]

UD[0]

P2[6]

UD[0]

LCD_LP

P2[5]

LCD_LP

P2[5]

LCD_LP

P2[5]

LCD_LP

LCD_ENAB_M

P2[4]

LCD_ENAB_M

LCD_ENAB_M P2[4]

LCD_ENAB_M P2[4]

LCD_FP

P2[3]

LCD_FP

P2[3]

LCD_FP

P2[3]

LCD_FP

LCD_DCLK

P2[2]

LCD_DCLK

P2[2]

LCD_DCLK

P2[2]

LCD_DCLK

LCD_LE

P2[1]

LCD_LE

P2[1]

LCD_LE

P2[1]

LCD_LE

LCD_PWR

P2[0]

LCD_PWR

P2[0]

LCD_PWR

P2[0]

LCD_PWR

LCD_CLKIN

P2[11]

LCD_CLKIN

P2[11]

LCD_CLKIN

P2[0]

LCD_PWR

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Table 250. LCD panel connections for STN dual panel mode
External pin

4-bit mono STN dual panel

pin used

LCD function

pin used

LCD function

pin used

LCD function

LCD_VD[16] LCD_VD[23]

LCD_VD[15]

P1[29]

LD[7]

P1[29]

LD[7]

LCD_VD[14]

P1[28]

LD[6]

P1[28]

LD[6]

LCD_VD[13]

P1[27]

LD[5]

P1[27]

LD[5]

P1[26]

LD[4]

P1[26]

LD[4]

LD[3]

P1[25]

LD[3]

P1[25]

LD[3]

LCD_VD[12]
LCD_VD[11]

P4[29]

8-bit mono STN dual panel

Color STN dual panel

LCD_VD[10]

P4[28]

LD[2]

P1[24]

LD[2]

P1[24]

LD[2]

LCD_VD[9]

P2[13]

LD[1]

P1[23]

LD[1]

P1[23]

LD[1]

LCD_VD[8]

P2[12]

LD[0]

P1[22]

LD[0]

P1[22]

LD[0]

LCD_VD[7]

P1[21]

UD[7]

P1[21]

UD[7]

LCD_VD[6]

P1[20]

UD[6]

P1[20]

UD[6]

LCD_VD[5]

P2[13]

UD[5]

P2[13]

UD[5]

LCD_VD[4]

P2[12]

UD[4]

P2[12]

UD[4]

LCD_VD[3]

P2[9]

UD[3]

P2[9]

UD[3]

P2[9]

UD[3]

LCD_VD[2]

P2[8]

UD[2]

P2[8]

UD[2]

P2[8]

UD[2]

LCD_VD[1]

P2[7]

UD[1]

P2[7]

UD[1]

P2[7]

UD[1]

LCD_VD[0]

P2[6]

UD[0]

P2[6]

UD[0]

P2[6]

UD[0]

LCD_LP

P2[5]

LCD_LP

P2[5]

LCD_LP

P2[5]

LCD_LP

LCD_ENAB_M P2[4]

LCD_ENAB_M P2[4]

LCD_ENAB_M

P2[4]

LCD_ENAB_M

LCD_FP

P2[3]

LCD_FP

P2[3]

LCD_FP

P2[3]

LCD_FP

LCD_DCLK

P2[2]

LCD_DCLK

P2[2]

LCD_DCLK

P2[2]

LCD_DCLK

LCD_LE

P2[1]

LCD_LE

P2[1]

LCD_LE

P2[1]

LCD_LE

LCD_PWR

P2[0]

LCD_PWR

P2[0]

LCD_PWR

P2[0]

LCD-PWR

LCD_CLKIN

P2[11]

LCD_CLKIN

P2[11]

LCD_CLKIN

P2[11]

LCD_CLKIN

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Table 251. LCD panel connections for TFT panels

External pin

TFT 12 bit (4:4:4 mode)

TFT 16 bit (5:6:5 mode)

TFT 16 bit (1:5:5:5

mode)

TFT 24 bit

pin used

LCD
function

pin used

LCD
function

pin used

LCD
function

pin used

LCD
function

LCD_VD[23]

P1[29]

BLUE3

P1[29]

BLUE4

P1[29]

BLUE4

P1[29]

BLUE7

LCD_VD[22]

P1[28]

BLUE2

P1[28]

BLUE3

P1[28]

BLUE3

P1[28]

BLUE6

LCD_VD[21]

P1[27]

BLUE1

P1[27]

BLUE2

P1[27]

BLUE2

P1[27]

BLUE5

LCD_VD[20]

P1[26]

BLUE0

P1[26]

BLUE1

P1[26]

BLUE1

P1[26]

BLUE4

LCD_VD[19]

P2[13]

BLUE0

P2[13]

BLUE0

P2[13]

BLUE3

LCD_VD[18]

P2[12]

intensity

P2[12]

BLUE2

LCD_VD[17]

P0[9]

BLUE1

LCD_VD[16]

P0[8]

BLUE0

LCD_VD[15]

P1[25]

GREEN3

P1[25]

GREEN5

P1[25]

GREEN4

P1[25]

GREEN7

LCD_VD[14]

P1[24]

GREEN2

P1[24]

GREEN4

P1[24]

GREEN3

P1[24]

GREEN6

LCD_VD[13]

P1[23]

GREEN1

P1[23]

GREEN3

P1[23]

GREEN2

P1[23]

GREEN5

LCD_VD[12]

P1[22]

GREEN0

P1[22]

GREEN2

P1[22]

GREEN1

P1[22]

GREEN4

LCD_VD[11]

P1[21]

GREEN1

P1[21]

GREEN0

P1[21]

GREEN3

LCD_VD[10]

P1[20]

GREEN0

P1[20]

intensity

P1[20]

GREEN2

LCD_VD[9]

P0[7]

GREEN1

LCD_VD[8]

P0[6]

GREEN0

LCD_VD[7]

P2[9]

RED3

P2[9]

RED4

P2[9]

RED4

P2[9]

RED7

LCD_VD[6]

P2[8]

RED2

P2[8]

RED3

P2[8]

RED3

P2[8]

RED6

LCD_VD[5]

P2[7]

RED1

P2[7]

RED2

P2[7]

RED2

P2[7]

RED5

LCD_VD[4]

P2[6]

RED0

P2[6]

RED1

P2[6]

RED1

P2[6]

RED4

LCD_VD[3]

P2[12]

RED0

P4[29]

RED0

P4[29]

RED3

LCD_VD[2]

P4[28]

intensity

P4[28]

RED2

LCD_VD[1]

P0[5]

RED1

LCD_VD[0]

P0[4]

RED0

LCD_LP

P2[5]

LCD_LP

P2[5]

LCD_LP

P2[5]

LCD_LP

P2[5]

LCD_LP

LCD_
ENAB_M

P2[4]

LCD_
ENAB_M

P2[4]

LCD_
ENAB_M

P2[4]

LCD_
ENAB_M

P2[4]

LCD_
ENAB_M

LCD_FP

P2[3]

LCD_FP

P2[3]

LCD_FP

P2[3]

LCD_FP

P2[3]

LCD_FP

LCD_DCLK

P2[2]

LCD_DCLK P2[2]

LCD_DCLK P2[2]

LCD_DCLK P2[2]

LCD_DCLK

LCD_LE

P2[1]

LCD_LE

P2[1]

LCD_LE

P2[1]

LCD_LE

P2[1]

LCD_LE

LCD_PWR

P2[0]

LCD_PWR

P2[0]

LCD_PWR

P2[0]

LCD_PWR

P2[0]

LCD_PWR

LCD_CLKIN

P2[11]

LCD_CLKIN P2[11]

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13.1 How to read this chapter

This chapter describes the USB device controller which is present on some
LPC178x/177x devices (see Section 1.4 for details). On some LPC178x/177x family
devices, the USB controller can also be configured for Host or OTG operation.

13.2 Basic configuration

The USB controller is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCUSB.
Remark: On reset, the USB block is disabled (PCUSB = 0).

2. Clock: The USB block can be used with either the Main PLL (PLL0), or with the
alternate PLL (PLL1) to obtain the USB clock. See Section 4.5.2.
3. Pins: Select the required USB pins and their modes in the relevant IOCON registers
(Section 8.4.1).
4. Wake-up: Activity on the USB bus port can wake up the microcontroller from
Power-down mode, see Section 4.7.9.
5. Interrupts: Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set
Enable register.
6. Initialization: See Section 13.13.

13.3 Introduction
The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a four-wire bus that supports communication between a
host and one or more (up to 127) peripherals. The host controller allocates the USB
bandwidth to attached devices through a token-based protocol. The bus supports hot
plugging and dynamic configuration of the devices. All transactions are initiated by the
host controller.
The host schedules transactions in 1 ms frames. Each frame contains a Start-Of-Frame
(SOF) marker and transactions that transfer data to or from device endpoints. Each device
can have a maximum of 16 logical or 32 physical endpoints. There are four types of
transfers defined for the endpoints. Control transfers are used to configure the device.
Interrupt transfers are used for periodic data transfer. Bulk transfers are used when the
rate of transfer is not critical. Isochronous transfers have guaranteed delivery time but no
error correction.
For more information on the Universal Serial Bus, see the USB Implementers Forum
website.
The USB device controller on the LPC178x/177x enables full-speed (12 Mb/s) data
exchange with a USB host controller.

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Chapter 13: LPC178x/7x USB device controller

Table 252. USB related acronyms, abbreviations, and definitions used in this chapter
Acronym/abbreviation Description

AHB

Advanced High-performance bus

ATLE

Auto Transfer Length Extraction

ATX

Analog Transceiver

DD

DMA Descriptor

DDP

DMA Description Pointer

DMA

Direct Memory Access

EOP

End-Of-Packet

EP

Endpoint

EP_RAM

Endpoint RAM

FS

Full Speed

LED

Light Emitting Diode

LS

Low Speed

MPS

Maximum Packet Size

NAK

Negative Acknowledge

PLL

Phase Locked Loop

RAM

Random Access Memory

SOF

Start-Of-Frame

SIE

Serial Interface Engine

SRAM

Synchronous RAM

UDCA

USB Device Communication Area

USB

Universal Serial Bus

13.4 Features

Fully compliant with the USB 2.0 specification (full speed).

Supports SoftConnect and GoodLink features.

Supports 32 physical (16 logical) endpoints.

Supports Control, Bulk, Interrupt and Isochronous endpoints.
Scalable realization of endpoints at run time.
Endpoint maximum packet size selection (up to USB maximum specification) by
software at run time.
Supports DMA transfers on all non-control endpoints.
Allows dynamic switching between CPU controlled and DMA modes.
Double buffer implementation for Bulk and Isochronous endpoints.

13.5 Fixed endpoint configuration

Table 253 shows the supported endpoint configurations. Endpoints are realized and
configured at run time using the Endpoint realization registers, documented in
Section 13.10.5 Endpoint realization registers.

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Table 253. Fixed endpoint configuration

Logical
endpoint

Physical
endpoint

Endpoint type

Direction

Packet size (bytes)

Double buffer

Control

Out

8, 16, 32, 64

No

Control

In

8, 16, 32, 64

No

Interrupt

Out

1 to 64

No

Interrupt

In

1 to 64

No

Bulk

Out

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

Bulk

In

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

Isochronous

Out

1 to 1023

Yes

Isochronous

In

1 to 1023

Yes

Interrupt

Out

1 to 64

No

Interrupt

In

1 to 64

No

10

Bulk

Out

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

11

Bulk

In

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

12

Isochronous

Out

1 to 1023

Yes

13

Isochronous

In

1 to 1023

Yes

14

Interrupt

Out

1 to 64

No

15

Interrupt

In

1 to 64

No

16

Bulk

Out

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

17

Bulk

In

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

18

Isochronous

Out

1 to 1023

Yes

19

Isochronous

In

1 to 1023

Yes

10

20

Interrupt

Out

1 to 64

No

10

21

Interrupt

In

1 to 64

No

11

22

Bulk

Out

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

11

23

Bulk

In

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

12

24

Isochronous

Out

1 to 1023

Yes

12

25

Isochronous

In

1 to 1023

Yes

13

26

Interrupt

Out

1 to 64

No

13

27

Interrupt

In

1 to 64

No

14

28

Bulk

Out

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

14

29

Bulk

In

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

15

30

Bulk

Out

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

15

31

Bulk

In

8, 16, 32, 64

Yes

13.6 Functional description

The architecture of the USB device controller is shown below in Figure 39.

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VBUS

BUS
MASTER
INTERFACE

DMA
ENGINE

USB_CONNECT1
USB_CONNECT2

EP_RAM
ACCESS
CONTROL

REGISTER
INTERFACE

SERIAL
INTERFACE
ENGINE

USB ATX

AHB BUS

DMA interface
(AHB master)

USB_D+1,
USB_D+2
USB_D-1,
USB_D-2
USB_UP_LED1,
USB_UP_LED2

register
interface
(AHB slave)

EP_RAM
(4K)

USB DEVICE
BLOCK

Fig 39. USB device controller block diagram

13.6.1 Analog transceiver

The USB Device Controller has a built-in analog transceiver (ATX). The USB ATX
sends/receives the bidirectional D+ and D- signals of the USB bus.

13.6.2 Serial Interface Engine (SIE)

The SIE implements the full USB protocol layer. It is completely hardwired for speed and
needs no firmware intervention. It handles transfer of data between the endpoint buffers in
EP_RAM and the USB bus. The functions of this block include: synchronization pattern
recognition, parallel/serial conversion, bit stuffing/de-stuffing, CRC checking/generation,
PID verification/generation, address recognition, and handshake evaluation/generation.

13.6.3 Endpoint RAM (EP_RAM)

Each endpoint buffer is implemented as an SRAM based FIFO. The SRAM dedicated for
this purpose is called the EP_RAM. Each realized endpoint has a reserved space in the
EP_RAM. The total EP_RAM space required depends on the number of realized
endpoints, the maximum packet size of the endpoint, and whether the endpoint supports
double buffering.

13.6.4 EP_RAM access control

The EP_RAM Access Control logic handles transfer of data from/to the EP_RAM and the
three sources that can access it: the CPU (via the Register Interface), the SIE, and the
DMA Engine.

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13.6.5 DMA engine and bus master interface

When enabled for an endpoint, the DMA Engine transfers data between RAM on the AHB
bus and the endpoints buffer in EP_RAM. A single DMA channel is shared between all
endpoints. When transferring data, the DMA Engine functions as a master on the AHB
bus through the bus master interface.

13.6.6 Register interface

The Register Interface allows the CPU to control the operation of the USB Device
Controller. It also provides a way to write transmit data to the controller and read receive
data from the controller.

13.6.7 SoftConnect
The connection to the USB is accomplished by bringing D+ (for a full-speed device) HIGH
through a 1.5 kOhm pull-up resistor. The SoftConnect feature can be used to allow
software to finish its initialization sequence before deciding to establish connection to the
USB. Re-initialization of the USB bus connection can also be performed without having to
unplug the cable.
To use the SoftConnect feature, the CONNECT signal should control an external switch
that connects the 1.5 kOhm resistor between D+ and +3.3V. Software can then control the
CONNECT signal by writing to the CON bit using the SIE Set Device Status command.

13.6.8 GoodLink
Good USB connection indication is provided through GoodLink technology. When the
device is successfully enumerated and configured, the LED indicator will be permanently
ON. During suspend, the LED will be OFF.
This feature provides a user-friendly indicator on the status of the USB device. It is a
useful field diagnostics tool to isolate faulty equipment.
To use the GoodLink feature the UP_LED signal should control an LED. The UP_LED
signal is controlled using the SIE Configure Device command.

13.7 Operational overview

Transactions on the USB bus transfer data between device endpoints and the host. The
direction of a transaction is defined with respect to the host. OUT transactions transfer
data from the host to the device. IN transactions transfer data from the device to the host.
All transactions are initiated by the host controller.
For an OUT transaction, the USB ATX receives the bidirectional D+ and D- signals of the
USB bus. The Serial Interface Engine (SIE) receives the serial data from the ATX and
converts it into a parallel data stream. The parallel data is written to the corresponding
endpoint buffer in the EP_RAM.
For IN transactions, the SIE reads the parallel data from the endpoint buffer in EP_RAM,
converts it into serial data, and transmits it onto the USB bus using the USB ATX.

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Once data has been received or sent, the endpoint buffer can be read or written. How this
is accomplished depends on the endpoints type and operating mode. The two operating
modes for each endpoint are Slave (CPU-controlled) mode, and DMA mode.
In Slave mode, the CPU transfers data between RAM and the endpoint buffer using the
Register Interface. See Section 13.14 Slave mode operation for a detailed description of
this mode.
In DMA mode, the DMA transfers data between RAM and the endpoint buffer. See
Section 13.15 DMA operation for a detailed description of this mode.

13.8 Pin description

Table 254. USB external interface
Name

Direction

Description

VBUS

VBUS status input. When this function is not enabled

via its corresponding IOCON register, it is driven
HIGH internally.

USB_CONNECT1,
USB_CONNECT2

SoftConnect control signal.

USB_UP_LED1,
USB_UP_LED2

GoodLink LED control signal.

USB_D+1, USB_D+2

I/O

Positive differential data.

USB_D-1, USB_D-2

I/O

Negative differential data.

13.9 Clocking and power management

This section describes the clocking and power management features of the USB Device
Controller.

13.9.1 Power requirements

The USB protocol insists on power management by the device. This becomes very critical
if the device draws power from the bus (bus-powered device). The following constraints
should be met by a bus-powered device:
1. A device in the non-configured state should draw a maximum of 100 mA from the bus.
2. A configured device can draw only up to what is specified in the Max Power field of
the configuration descriptor. The maximum value is 500 mA.
3. A suspended device can draw a maximum of 500 A.

13.9.2 Clocks
The USB device controller clocks are shown in Table 255

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Table 255. USB device controller clock sources

Clock source

Description

AHB master clock

Clock for the AHB master bus interface and DMA

AHB slave clock

Clock for the AHB slave interface

usbclk

48 MHz clock from the dedicated Alt PLL (PLL1) or the Main PLL (PLL0),
used to recover the 12 MHz clock from the USB bus

13.9.3 Power management support

To help conserve power, the USB device controller automatically disables the AHB master
clock and usbclk when not in use.
When the USB Device Controller goes into the suspend state (bus is idle for 3 ms), the
usbclk input to the device controller is automatically disabled, helping to conserve power.
However, if software wishes to access the device controller registers, usbclk must be
active. To allow access to the device controller registers while in the suspend state, the
USBClkCtrl and USBClkSt registers are provided.
When software wishes to access the device controller registers, it should first ensure
usbclk is enabled by setting DEV_CLK_EN in the USBClkCtrl register, and then poll the
corresponding DEV_CLK_ON bit in USBClkSt until set. Once set, usbclk will remain
enabled until DEV_CLK_EN is cleared by software.
When a DMA transfer occurs, the device controller automatically turns on the AHB master
clock. Once asserted, it remains active for a minimum of 2 ms (2 frames), to help ensure
that DMA throughput is not affected by turning off the AHB master clock. 2 ms after the
last DMA access, the AHB master clock is automatically disabled to help conserve power.
If desired, software also has the capability of forcing this clock to remain enabled using the
USBClkCtrl register.
Note that the AHB slave clock is always enabled as long as the PCUSB bit of PCONP is
set. When the device controller is not in use, all of the device controller clocks may be
disabled by clearing PCUSB.
The USB_NEED_CLK signal is used to facilitate going into and waking up from chip
Power-down mode. USB_NEED_CLK is asserted if any of the bits of the USBClkSt
register are asserted.
After entering the suspend state with DEV_CLK_EN and AHB_CLK_EN cleared, the
DEV_CLK_ON and AHB_CLK_ON will be cleared when the corresponding clock turns off.
When both bits are zero, USB_NEED_CLK will be low, indicating that the chip can be put
into Power-down mode by writing to the PCON register. The status of USB_NEED_CLK
can be read from the USBIntSt register.
Any bus activity in the suspend state will cause the USB_NEED_CLK signal to be
asserted. When the chip is in Power-down mode and the USB interrupt is enabled, the
assertion of USB_NEED_CLK causes the chip to wake up from Power-down mode.

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13.9.4 Remote wake-up

The USB device controller supports software initiated remote wake-up. Remote wake-up
involves resume signaling on the USB bus initiated from the device. This is done by
clearing the SUS bit in the SIE Set Device Status register. Before writing into the register,
all the clocks to the device controller have to be enabled using the USBClkCtrl register.

13.10 Register description

Table 256 shows the USB Device Controller registers directly accessible by the CPU. The
Serial Interface Engine (SIE) has other registers that are indirectly accessible via the SIE
command registers. See Section 13.12 Serial interface engine command description for
more info.
Table 256. USB device register map
Access

Reset value[1]

Address

Table

USB Port Select

R/W

0x2008 C110

257

USBClkCtrl

USB Clock Control

R/W

0x2008 CFF4

258

USBClkSt

USB Clock Status

RO

0x2008 CFF8

259

Name

Description

Port select register

USBPortSel[2]
Clock control registers

Device interrupt registers

USBIntSt

USB Interrupt Status

R/W

0x8000 0000

0x400F C1C0

260

USBDevIntSt

USB Device Interrupt Status

RO

0x10

0x2008 C200

261

USBDevIntEn

USB Device Interrupt Enable

R/W

0x2008 C204

263

USBDevIntClr

USB Device Interrupt Clear

WO

0x2008 C208

265

USBDevIntSet

USB Device Interrupt Set

WO

0x2008 C20C

267

USBDevIntPri

USB Device Interrupt Priority

WO

0x2008 C22C

269

USB Endpoint Interrupt Status

RO

0x2008 C230

270

USBEpIntEn

USB Endpoint Interrupt Enable

R/W

0x2008 C234

272

USBEpIntClr

USB Endpoint Interrupt Clear

WO

0x2008 C238

274

USBEpIntSet

USB Endpoint Interrupt Set

WO

0x2008 C23C

276

WO[3]

0x2008 C240

278

R/W

0x3

0x2008 C244

280

0x2008 C248

282

Endpoint interrupt registers

USBEpIntSt

USBEpIntPri

USB Endpoint Priority

Endpoint realization registers

USBReEp

USB Realize Endpoint

USBEpIn

USB Endpoint Index

WO[3]

USBMaxPSize

USB MaxPacketSize

R/W

0x8

0x2008 C24C

283

USBRxData

USB Receive Data

RO

0x2008 C218

284

USBRxPLen

USB Receive Packet Length

RO

0x2008 C220

285

USB Transmit Data

WO[3]

0x2008 C21C

286

USBTxPLen

USB Transmit Packet Length

WO[3]

0x2008 C224

287

USBCtrl

USB Control

R/W

0x2008 C228

288

USB transfer registers

USBTxData

SIE Command registers

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Table 256. USB device register map

Name

Description

Access

Reset value[1]

Address

Table

0x2008 C210

289

USBCmdCode

USB Command Code

WO[3]

USBCmdData

USB Command Data

RO

0x2008 C214

290

USB DMA Request Status

RO

0x2008 C250

291

USB DMA Request Clear

WO[3]

0x2008 C254

293

USBDMARSet

USB DMA Request Set

WO[3]

0x2008 C258

294

USBUDCAH

USB UDCA Head

R/W

0x2008 C280

295

USBEpDMASt

USB Endpoint DMA Status

RO

0x2008 C284

296

USB Endpoint DMA Enable

WO[3]

0x2008 C288

297

USBEpDMADis

USB Endpoint DMA Disable

WO[3]

0x2008 C28C

298

USBDMAIntSt

USB DMA Interrupt Status

RO

0x2008 C290

299

USBDMAIntEn

USB DMA Interrupt Enable

R/W

0x2008 C294

300

USBEoTIntSt

USB End of Transfer Interrupt Status

RO

0x2008 C2A0

301

USB End of Transfer Interrupt Clear

WO[3]

0x2008 C2A4

302

USBEoTIntSet

USB End of Transfer Interrupt Set

WO[3]

0x2008 C2A8

303

USBNDDRIntSt

USB New DD Request Interrupt Status

RO

0x2008 C2AC

304

USB New DD Request Interrupt Clear

WO[3]

0x2008 C2B0

305

USB New DD Request Interrupt Set

WO[3]

0x2008 C2B4

306

DMA registers

USBDMARSt
USBDMARClr

USBEpDMAEn

USBEoTIntClr

USBNDDRIntClr
USBNDDRIntSet
USBSysErrIntSt

USB System Error Interrupt Status

RO

0x2008 C2B8

307

USBSysErrIntClr

USB System Error Interrupt Clear

WO[3]

0x2008 C2BC

308

USBSysErrIntSet

USB System Error Interrupt Set

WO[3]

0x2008 C2C0

309

[1]

Reset value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

[2]

The USBPortSel register is identical to the OTGStCtrl register (see Section 15.8.6). In device-only operations only bits 0 and 1 of this
register are used to control the routing of USB pins to Port 1 or Port 2.

[3]

Reading WO register will return an invalid value.

13.10.1 Port select register

13.10.1.1 USB Port Select register (USBPortSel - 0x2008 C110)
This register selects the USB port pins that the USB device signals are routed to.
USBPortSel is a read/write register.
Table 257. USB Port Select register (USBPortSel - 0x2008 C110) bit description
Bit

Symbol

1:0

PORTSEL

Value

Description

Reset value

Selects which USB port the device controller signals are mapped to.

0x0

The USB device controller signals are mapped to the U1 port:

USB_CONNECT1, USB_UP_LED1, USB_D+1, USB_D-1.

0x3

The USB device controller signals are mapped to the U2 port:

USB_CONNECT2, USB_UP_LED2, USB_D+2, USB_D-2.

Others Reserved.
31:2

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13.10.2 Clock control registers

13.10.2.1 USB Clock Control register (USBClkCtrl - 0x2008 CFF4)
This register controls the clocking of the USB Device Controller. Whenever software
wants to access the device controller registers, both DEV_CLK_EN and AHB_CLK_EN
must be set. The PORTSEL_CLK_EN bit need only be set when accessing the
USBPortSel register.
The software does not have to repeat this exercise for every register access, provided that
the corresponding USBClkCtrl bits are already set. Note that this register is functional only
when the PCUSB bit of PCONP is set; when PCUSB is cleared, all clocks to the device
controller are disabled irrespective of the contents of this register. USBClkCtrl is a
read/write register.
Table 258. USBClkCtrl register (USBClkCtrl - address 0x2008 CFF4) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

DEV_CLK_EN

Device clock enable. Enables the usbclk input to the device controller

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

PORTSEL_CLK_EN

Port select register clock enable.

NA

AHB_CLK_EN

AHB clock enable

31:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

13.10.2.2 USB Clock Status register (USBClkSt - 0x2008 CFF8)

This register holds the clock availability status. The bits of this register are ORed together
to form the USB_NEED_CLK signal. When enabling a clock via USBClkCtrl, software
should poll the corresponding bit in USBClkSt. If it is set, then software can go ahead with
the register access. Software does not have to repeat this exercise for every access,
provided that the USBClkCtrl bits are not disturbed. USBClkSt is a read-only register.
Table 259. USB Clock Status register (USBClkSt - address 0x2008 CFF8) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

DEV_CLK_ON

Device clock on. The usbclk input to the device controller is active.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

PORTSEL_CLK_ON

Port select register clock on.

NA

AHB_CLK_ON

AHB clock on.

31:5

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

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13.10.3 Device interrupt registers

13.10.3.1 USB Interrupt Status register (USBIntSt - 0x2008 C1C0)
The USB Device Controller has three interrupt lines. This register allows software to
determine their status with a single read operation. All three interrupt lines are ORed
together to a single channel of the vectored interrupt controller. This register also contains
the USB_NEED_CLK status and EN_USB_INTS control bits. USBIntSt is a read/write
register.
Table 260. USB Interrupt Status register (USBIntSt - address 0x2008 C1C0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

USB_INT_REQ_LP

Low priority interrupt line status. This bit is read-only.

USB_INT_REQ_HP

High priority interrupt line status. This bit is read-only.

USB_INT_REQ_DMA

DMA interrupt line status. This bit is read-only.

7:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

USB_NEED_CLK

USB need clock indicator. This bit is set to 1 when USB activity or a change 1
of state on the USB data pins is detected, and it indicates that a PLL supplied
clock of 48 MHz is needed. Once USB_NEED_CLK becomes one, it resets
to zero 5 ms after the last packet has been received/sent, or 2 ms after the
Suspend Change (SUS_CH) interrupt has occurred. A change of this bit from
0 to 1 can wake up the microcontroller if activity on the USB bus is selected
to wake up the part from the Power-down mode (see Section 4.7.9 Wake-up
from Reduced Power Modes for details). Also see Section 4.5.8 PLLs and
Power-down mode and Section 4.7.10 Power Control for Peripherals
register (PCONP - 0x400F C0C4) for considerations about the PLL and
invoking the Power-down mode. This bit is read-only.

30:9

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31

EN_USB_INTS

Enable all USB interrupts. When this bit is cleared, the Vectored Interrupt
Controller does not see the ORed output of the USB interrupt lines.

13.10.3.2 USB Device Interrupt Status register (USBDevIntSt - 0x2008 C200)

The USBDevIntSt register holds the status of each interrupt. A 0 indicates no interrupt and
1 indicates the presence of the interrupt. USBDevIntSt is a read-only register.
Table 261. USB Device Interrupt Status register (USBDevIntSt - address 0x2008 C200) bit allocation
Reset value: 0x0000 0000
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

Symbol

ERR_INT

EP_RLZED

Bit

TxENDPKT

Rx
ENDPKT

CDFULL

CCEMPTY

DEV_STAT

EP_SLOW

EP_FAST

FRAME

Symbol

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Table 262. USB Device Interrupt Status register (USBDevIntSt - address 0x2008 C200) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

FRAME

The frame interrupt occurs every 1 ms. This is used in isochronous packet transfers.

EP_FAST

Fast endpoint interrupt. If an Endpoint Interrupt Priority register (USBEpIntPri) bit is set, 0
the corresponding endpoint interrupt will be routed to this bit.

EP_SLOW

Slow endpoints interrupt. If an Endpoint Interrupt Priority Register (USBEpIntPri) bit is

not set, the corresponding endpoint interrupt will be routed to this bit.

DEV_STAT

Set when USB Bus reset, USB suspend change or Connect change event occurs.
Refer to Section 13.12.6 Set Device Status (Command: 0xFE, Data: write 1 byte) on
page 346.

CCEMPTY

The command code register (USBCmdCode) is empty (New command can be written). 1

CDFULL

Command data register (USBCmdData) is full (Data can be read now).

RxENDPKT

The current packet in the endpoint buffer is transferred to the CPU.

TxENDPKT

The number of data bytes transferred to the endpoint buffer equals the number of bytes 0
programmed in the TxPacket length register (USBTxPLen).

EP_RLZED

Endpoints realized. Set when Realize Endpoint register (USBReEp) or MaxPacketSize 0

register (USBMaxPSize) is updated and the corresponding operation is completed.

ERR_INT

Error Interrupt. Any bus error interrupt from the USB device. Refer to Section 13.12.9
Read Error Status (Command: 0xFB, Data: read 1 byte) on page 348

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

31:10 -

13.10.3.3 USB Device Interrupt Enable register (USBDevIntEn - 0x2008 C204)

Writing a one to a bit in this register enables the corresponding bit in USBDevIntSt to
generate an interrupt on one of the interrupt lines when set. By default, the interrupt is
routed to the USB_INT_REQ_LP interrupt line. Optionally, either the EP_FAST or FRAME
interrupt may be routed to the USB_INT_REQ_HP interrupt line by changing the value of
USBDevIntPri. USBDevIntEn is a read/write register.
Table 263. USB Device Interrupt Enable register (USBDevIntEn - address 0x2008 C204) bit allocation
Reset value: 0x0000 0000
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

Symbol

ERR_INT

EP_RLZED

Bit

TxENDPKT

Rx
ENDPKT

CDFULL

CCEMPTY

DEV_STAT

EP_SLOW

EP_FAST

FRAME

Symbol

Table 264. USB Device Interrupt Enable register (USBDevIntEn - address 0x2008 C204) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0

See
0
USBDevIntEn 1
bit allocation
table above

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Value

Description

Reset value

No interrupt is generated.

An interrupt will be generated when the corresponding bit in the Device

Interrupt Status (USBDevIntSt) register (Table 261) is set. By default, the
interrupt is routed to the USB_INT_REQ_LP interrupt line. Optionally, either
the EP_FAST or FRAME interrupt may be routed to the USB_INT_REQ_HP
interrupt line by changing the value of USBDevIntPri.
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13.10.3.4 USB Device Interrupt Clear register (USBDevIntClr - 0x2008 C208)

Writing one to a bit in this register clears the corresponding bit in USBDevIntSt. Writing a
zero has no effect.
Remark: Before clearing the EP_SLOW or EP_FAST interrupt bits, the corresponding
endpoint interrupts in USBEpIntSt should be cleared.

USBDevIntClr is a write-only register.

Table 265. USB Device Interrupt Clear register (USBDevIntClr - address 0x2008 C208) bit allocation
Reset value: 0x0000 0000
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

ERR_INT

EP_RLZED

TxENDPKT

Rx
ENDPKT

CDFULL

CCEMPTY

DEV_STAT

EP_SLOW

EP_FAST

FRAME

Table 266. USB Device Interrupt Clear register (USBDevIntClr - address 0x2008 C208) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

31:0

See
0
USBDevIntClr 1
bit allocation
table above

Description

Reset value

No effect.

The corresponding bit in USBDevIntSt (Section 13.10.3.2) is cleared.

13.10.3.5 USB Device Interrupt Set register (USBDevIntSet - 0x2008 C20C)

Writing one to a bit in this register sets the corresponding bit in the USBDevIntSt. Writing a
zero has no effect
USBDevIntSet is a write-only register.
Table 267. USB Device Interrupt Set register (USBDevIntSet - address 0x2008 C20C) bit allocation
Reset value: 0x0000 0000
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

Symbol

ERR_INT

EP_RLZED

Bit

TxENDPKT

Rx
ENDPKT

CDFULL

CCEMPTY

DEV_STAT

EP_SLOW

EP_FAST

FRAME

Symbol

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Table 268. USB Device Interrupt Set register (USBDevIntSet - address 0x2008 C20C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

31:0

See
0
USBDevIntSet 1
bit allocation
table above

Description

Reset value

No effect.

The corresponding bit in USBDevIntSt (Section 13.10.3.2) is set.

13.10.3.6 USB Device Interrupt Priority register (USBDevIntPri - 0x2008 C22C)

Writing one to a bit in this register causes the corresponding interrupt to be routed to the
USB_INT_REQ_HP interrupt line. Writing zero causes the interrupt to be routed to the
USB_INT_REQ_LP interrupt line. Either the EP_FAST or FRAME interrupt can be routed
to USB_INT_REQ_HP, but not both. If the software attempts to set both bits to one, no
interrupt will be routed to USB_INT_REQ_HP. USBDevIntPri is a write-only register.
Table 269. USB Device Interrupt Priority register (USBDevIntPri - address 0x2008 C22C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
value

FRAME

FRAME interrupt is routed to USB_INT_REQ_LP.

FRAME interrupt is routed to USB_INT_REQ_HP.

EP_FAST

EP_FAST interrupt is routed to USB_INT_REQ_LP.

EP_FAST interrupt is routed to USB_INT_REQ_HP.

31:2

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Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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13.10.4 Endpoint interrupt registers

The registers in this group facilitate handling of endpoint interrupts. Endpoint interrupts are
used in Slave mode operation.

13.10.4.1 USB Endpoint Interrupt Status register (USBEpIntSt - 0x2008 C230)

Each physical non-isochronous endpoint is represented by a bit in this register to indicate
that it has generated an interrupt. All non-isochronous OUT endpoints generate an
interrupt when they receive a packet without an error. All non-isochronous IN endpoints
generate an interrupt when a packet is successfully transmitted, or when a NAK
handshake is sent on the bus and the interrupt on NAK feature is enabled (see
Section 13.12.3 Set Mode (Command: 0xF3, Data: write 1 byte) on page 345). A bit set
to one in this register causes either the EP_FAST or EP_SLOW bit of USBDevIntSt to be
set depending on the value of the corresponding bit of USBEpDevIntPri. USBEpIntSt is a
read-only register.
Note that for Isochronous endpoints, handling of packet data is done when the FRAME
interrupt occurs.
Table 270. USB Endpoint Interrupt Status register (USBEpIntSt - address 0x2008 C230) bit allocation
Reset value: 0x0000 0000
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

EP15TX

EP15RX

EP14TX

EP14RX

EP13TX

EP13RX

EP12TX

EP12RX

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

EP11TX

EP11RX

EP10TX

EP10RX

EP9TX

EP9RX

EP8TX

EP8RX

15

14

13

12

11

10

EP7TX

EP7RX

EP6TX

EP6RX

EP5TX

EP5RX

EP4TX

EP4RX

EP3TX

EP3RX

EP2TX

EP2RX

EP1TX

EP1RX

EP0TX

EP0RX

Table 271. USB Endpoint Interrupt Status register (USBEpIntSt - address 0x2008 C230) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

EP0RX

Endpoint 0, Data Received Interrupt bit.

EP0TX

Endpoint 0, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

EP1RX

Endpoint 1, Data Received Interrupt bit.

EP1TX

Endpoint 1, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

EP2RX

Endpoint 2, Data Received Interrupt bit.

EP2TX

Endpoint 2, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

EP3RX

Endpoint 3, Isochronous endpoint.

NA

EP3TX

Endpoint 3, Isochronous endpoint.

NA

EP4RX

Endpoint 4, Data Received Interrupt bit.

EP4TX

Endpoint 4, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

10

EP5RX

Endpoint 5, Data Received Interrupt bit.

11

EP5TX

Endpoint 5, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

12

EP6RX

Endpoint 6, Isochronous endpoint.

NA

13

EP6TX

Endpoint 6, Isochronous endpoint.

NA

14

EP7RX

Endpoint 7, Data Received Interrupt bit.

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Table 271. USB Endpoint Interrupt Status register (USBEpIntSt - address 0x2008 C230) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

15

EP7TX

Endpoint 7, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

16

EP8RX

Endpoint 8, Data Received Interrupt bit.

17

EP8TX

Endpoint 8, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

18

EP9RX

Endpoint 9, Isochronous endpoint.

NA

19

EP9TX

Endpoint 9, Isochronous endpoint.

NA

20

EP10RX

Endpoint 10, Data Received Interrupt bit.

21

EP10TX

Endpoint 10, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

22

EP11RX

Endpoint 11, Data Received Interrupt bit.

23

EP11TX

Endpoint 11, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

24

EP12RX

Endpoint 12, Isochronous endpoint.

NA

25

EP12TX

Endpoint 12, Isochronous endpoint.

NA

26

EP13RX

Endpoint 13, Data Received Interrupt bit.

27

EP13TX

Endpoint 13, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

28

EP14RX

Endpoint 14, Data Received Interrupt bit.

29

EP14TX

Endpoint 14, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

30

EP15RX

Endpoint 15, Data Received Interrupt bit.

31

EP15TX

Endpoint 15, Data Transmitted Interrupt bit or sent a NAK.

13.10.4.2 USB Endpoint Interrupt Enable register (USBEpIntEn - 0x2008 C234)

Setting a bit to 1 in this register causes the corresponding bit in USBEpIntSt to be set
when an interrupt occurs for the associated endpoint. Setting a bit to 0 causes the
corresponding bit in USBDMARSt to be set when an interrupt occurs for the associated
endpoint. USBEpIntEn is a read/write register.
Table 272. USB Endpoint Interrupt Enable register (USBEpIntEn - address 0x2008 C234) bit allocation
Reset value: 0x0000 0000
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

EP15TX

EP15RX

EP14TX

EP14RX

EP13TX

EP13RX

EP12TX

EP12RX

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

EP11TX

EP11RX

EP10TX

EP10RX

EP9TX

EP9RX

EP8TX

EP8RX

15

14

13

12

11

10

EP7TX

EP7RX

EP6TX

EP6RX

EP5TX

EP5RX

EP4TX

EP4RX

EP3TX

EP3RX

EP2TX

EP2RX

EP1TX

EP1RX

EP0TX

EP0RX

Table 273. USB Endpoint Interrupt Enable register (USBEpIntEn - address 0x2008 C234) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

31:0

See USBEpIntEn bit 0

allocation table above
1

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Description

Reset value

The corresponding bit in USBDMARSt is set when an interrupt occurs 0

for this endpoint.

The corresponding bit in USBEpIntSt is set when an interrupt

occurs for this endpoint. Implies Slave mode for this endpoint.

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13.10.4.3 USB Endpoint Interrupt Clear register (USBEpIntClr - 0x2008 C238)

Writing a one to this a bit in this register causes the SIE Select Endpoint/Clear Interrupt
command to be executed (Table 317) for the corresponding physical endpoint. Writing
zero has no effect. Before executing the Select Endpoint/Clear Interrupt command, the
CDFULL bit in USBDevIntSt is cleared by hardware. On completion of the command, the
CDFULL bit is set, USBCmdData contains the status of the endpoint, and the
corresponding bit in USBEpIntSt is cleared.
Notes:

When clearing interrupts using USBEpIntClr, software should wait for CDFULL to be
set to ensure the corresponding interrupt has been cleared before proceeding.

While setting multiple bits in USBEpIntClr simultaneously is possible, it is not

recommended; only the status of the endpoint corresponding to the least significant
interrupt bit cleared will be available at the end of the operation.

Alternatively, the SIE Select Endpoint/Clear Interrupt command can be directly

invoked using the SIE command registers, but using USBEpIntClr is recommended
because of its ease of use.
Each physical endpoint has its own reserved bit in this register. The bit field definition is
the same as that of USBEpIntSt shown in Table 270. USBEpIntClr is a write-only register.
Table 274. USB Endpoint Interrupt Clear register (USBEpIntClr - address 0x2008 C238) bit allocation
Reset value: 0x0000 0000
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

EP15TX

EP15RX

EP14TX

EP14RX

EP13TX

EP13RX

EP12TX

EP12RX

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

EP11TX

EP11RX

EP10TX

EP10RX

EP9TX

EP9RX

EP8TX

EP8RX

15

14

13

12

11

10

EP7TX

EP7RX

EP6TX

EP6RX

EP5TX

EP5RX

EP4TX

EP4RX

EP3TX

EP3RX

EP2TX

EP2RX

EP1TX

EP1RX

EP0TX

EP0RX

Table 275. USB Endpoint Interrupt Clear register (USBEpIntClr - address 0x2008 C238) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Reset value

31:0

See USBEpIntClr bit

allocation table above

No effect.

Clears the corresponding bit in USBEpIntSt, by executing the SIE

Select Endpoint/Clear Interrupt command for this endpoint.

13.10.4.4 USB Endpoint Interrupt Set register (USBEpIntSet - 0x2008 C23C)

Writing a one to a bit in this register sets the corresponding bit in USBEpIntSt. Writing zero
has no effect. Each endpoint has its own bit in this register. USBEpIntSet is a write-only
register.
Table 276. USB Endpoint Interrupt Set register (USBEpIntSet - address 0x2008 C23C) bit allocation
Reset value: 0x0000 0000
Bit
Symbol

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31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

EP15TX

EP15RX

EP14TX

EP14RX

EP13TX

EP13RX

EP12TX

EP12RX

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Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

EP11TX

EP11RX

EP10TX

EP10RX

EP9TX

EP9RX

EP8TX

EP8RX

15

14

13

12

11

10

EP7TX

EP7RX

EP6TX

EP6RX

EP5TX

EP5RX

EP4TX

EP4RX

EP3TX

EP3RX

EP2TX

EP2RX

EP1TX

EP1RX

EP0TX

EP0RX

Table 277. USB Endpoint Interrupt Set register (USBEpIntSet - address 0x2008 C23C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Reset value

31:0

See USBEpIntSet bit

allocation table above

No effect.

Sets the corresponding bit in USBEpIntSt.

13.10.4.5 USB Endpoint Interrupt Priority register (USBEpIntPri - 0x2008 C240)

This register determines whether an endpoint interrupt is routed to the EP_FAST or
EP_SLOW bits of USBDevIntSt. If a bit in this register is set to one, the interrupt is routed
to EP_FAST, if zero it is routed to EP_SLOW. Routing of multiple endpoints to EP_FAST
or EP_SLOW is possible.
Note that the USBDevIntPri register determines whether the EP_FAST interrupt is routed
to the USB_INT_REQ_HP or USB_INT_REQ_LP interrupt line.
USBEpIntPri is a write-only register.
Table 278. USB Endpoint Interrupt Priority register (USBEpIntPri - address 0x2008 C240) bit allocation
Reset value: 0x0000 0000
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

EP15TX

EP15RX

EP14TX

E14RX

EP13TX

EP13RX

EP12TX

EP12RX

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

EP11TX

EP11RX

EP10TX

EP10RX

EP9TX

EP9RX

EP8TX

EP8RX

15

14

13

12

11

10

EP7TX

EP7RX

EP6TX

EP6RX

EP5TX

EP5RX

EP4TX

EP4RX

EP3TX

EP3RX

EP2TX

EP2RX

EP1TX

EP1RX

EP0TX

EP0RX

Table 279. USB Endpoint Interrupt Priority register (USBEpIntPri - address 0x2008 C240) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Reset value

31:0

See USBEpIntPri bit

allocation table above

The corresponding interrupt is routed to the EP_SLOW bit of

USBDevIntSt

The corresponding interrupt is routed to the EP_FAST bit of

USBDevIntSt

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Chapter 13: LPC178x/7x USB device controller

13.10.5 Endpoint realization registers

The registers in this group allow realization and configuration of endpoints at run time.

13.10.5.1 EP RAM requirements

The USB device controller uses a RAM based FIFO for each endpoint buffer. The RAM
dedicated for this purpose is called the Endpoint RAM (EP_RAM). Each endpoint has
space reserved in the EP_RAM. The EP_RAM space required for an endpoint depends
on its MaxPacketSize and whether it is double buffered. 32 words of EP_RAM are used by
the device for storing the endpoint buffer pointers. The EP_RAM is word aligned but the
MaxPacketSize is defined in bytes hence the RAM depth has to be adjusted to the next
word boundary. Also, each buffer has one word header showing the size of the packet
length received.
The EP_ RAM space (in words) required for the physical endpoint can be expressed as

MaxPacketSize + 3
EPRAMspace = -------------------------------------------------- + 1 dbstatus

where dbstatus = 1 for a single buffered endpoint and 2 for double a buffered endpoint.
Since all the realized endpoints occupy EP_RAM space, the total EP_RAM requirement is
N

TotalEPRAMspace = 32 +

EPRAMspace n

n=0

where N is the number of realized endpoints. Total EP_RAM space should not exceed
4096 bytes (4 kB, 1 kwords).

13.10.5.2 USB Realize Endpoint register (USBReEp - 0x2008 C244)

Writing one to a bit in this register causes the corresponding endpoint to be realized.
Writing zeros causes it to be unrealized. This register returns to its reset state when a bus
reset occurs. USBReEp is a read/write register.
Table 280. USB Realize Endpoint register (USBReEp - address 0x2008 C244) bit allocation
Reset value: 0x0000 0003
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol

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31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

EP31

EP30

EP29

EP28

EP27

EP26

EP25

EP24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

EP23

EP22

EP21

EP20

EP19

EP18

EP17

EP16

15

14

13

12

11

10

EP15

EP14

EP13

EP12

EP11

EP10

EP9

EP8

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Bit
Symbol

EP7

EP6

EP5

EP4

EP3

EP2

EP1

EP0

Table 281. USB Realize Endpoint register (USBReEp - address 0x2008 C244) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Reset value

EP0

Control endpoint EP0 is not realized.

Control endpoint EP0 is realized.

Control endpoint EP1 is not realized.

Control endpoint EP1 is realized.

Endpoint EPxx is not realized.

Endpoint EPxx is realized.

1
31:2

EP1
EPxx

1
0

On reset, only the control endpoints are realized. Other endpoints, if required, are realized
by programming the corresponding bits in USBReEp. To calculate the required EP_RAM
space for the realized endpoints, see Section 13.10.5.1.
Realization of endpoints is a multi-cycle operation. Pseudo code for endpoint realization is
shown below.
Clear EP_RLZED bit in USBDevIntSt;
for every endpoint to be realized,
{
/* OR with the existing value of the Realize Endpoint register */
USBReEp |= (UInt32) ((0x1 << endpt));
/* Load Endpoint index Reg with physical endpoint no.*/
USBEpIn = (UInt32) endpointnumber;
/* load the max packet size Register */
USBEpMaxPSize = MPS;
/* check whether the EP_RLZED bit in the Device Interrupt Status register is set
*/
while (!(USBDevIntSt & EP_RLZED))
{
/* wait until endpoint realization is complete */
}
/* Clear the EP_RLZED bit */
Clear EP_RLZED bit in USBDevIntSt;
}

The device will not respond to any transactions to unrealized endpoints. The SIE
Configure Device command will only cause realized and enabled endpoints to respond to
transactions. For details see Table 312.

13.10.5.3 USB Endpoint Index register (USBEpIn - 0x2008 C248)

Each endpoint has a register carrying the MaxPacketSize value for that endpoint. This is
in fact a register array. Hence before writing, this register is addressed through the
USBEpIn register.

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The USBEpIn register will hold the physical endpoint number. Writing to USBMaxPSize
will set the array element pointed to by USBEpIn. USBEpIn is a write-only register.
Table 282. USB Endpoint Index register (USBEpIn - address 0x2008 C248) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

4:0

PHY_EP

Physical endpoint number (0-31)

31:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

13.10.5.4 USB MaxPacketSize register (USBMaxPSize - 0x2008 C24C)

On reset, the control endpoint is assigned the maximum packet size of 8 bytes. Other
endpoints are assigned 0. Modifying USBMaxPSize will cause the endpoint buffer
addresses within the EP_RAM to be recalculated. This is a multi-cycle process. At the
end, the EP_RLZED bit will be set in USBDevIntSt (Table 261). USBMaxPSize array
indexing is shown in Figure 40. USBMaxPSize is a read/write register.
Table 283. USB MaxPacketSize register (USBMaxPSize - address 0x2008 C24C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

9:0

MPS

The maximum packet size value.

0x008[1]

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:10 -

[1]

Reset value for EP0 and EP1. All other endpoints have a reset value of 0x0.

MPS_EP0
ENDPOINT INDEX

MPS_EP31

The Endpoint Index is set via the USBEpIn register. MPS_EP0 to MPS_EP31 are accessed via the
USBMaxPSize register.

Fig 40. USB MaxPacketSize register array indexing

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13.10.6 USB transfer registers

The registers in this group are used for transferring data between endpoint buffers and
RAM in Slave mode operation. See Section 13.14 Slave mode operation.

13.10.6.1 USB Receive Data register (USBRxData - 0x2008 C218)

For an OUT transaction, the CPU reads the endpoint buffer data from this register. Before
reading this register, the RD_EN bit and LOG_ENDPOINT field of the USBCtrl register
should be set appropriately. On reading this register, data from the selected endpoint
buffer is fetched. The data is in little endian format: the first byte received from the USB
bus will be available in the least significant byte of USBRxData. USBRxData is a read-only
register.
Table 284. USB Receive Data register (USBRxData - address 0x2008 C218) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

RX_DATA

Data received.

13.10.6.2 USB Receive Packet Length register (USBRxPLen - 0x2008 C220)

This register contains the number of bytes remaining in the endpoint buffer for the current
packet being read via the USBRxData register, and a bit indicating whether the packet is
valid or not. Before reading this register, the RD_EN bit and LOG_ENDPOINT field of the
USBCtrl register should be set appropriately. This register is updated on each read of the
USBRxData register. USBRxPLen is a read-only register.
Table 285. USB Receive Packet Length register (USBRxPlen - address 0x2008 C220) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

9:0

PKT_LNGTH

The remaining number of bytes to be read from the currently selected

0
endpoints buffer. When this field decrements to 0, the RxENDPKT bit will be
set in USBDevIntSt.

10

DV

11

Reset value

Data valid. This bit is useful for isochronous endpoints. Non-isochronous

endpoints do not raise an interrupt when an erroneous data packet is
received. But invalid data packet can be produced with a bus reset. For
isochronous endpoints, data transfer will happen even if an erroneous
packet is received. In this case DV bit will not be set for the packet.

PKT_RDY

31:12 -

Data is invalid.

Data is valid.

The PKT_LNGTH field is valid and the packet is ready for reading.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

13.10.6.3 USB Transmit Data register (USBTxData - 0x2008 C21C)

For an IN transaction, the CPU writes the endpoint data into this register. Before writing to
this register, the WR_EN bit and LOG_ENDPOINT field of the USBCtrl register should be
set appropriately, and the packet length should be written to the USBTxPlen register. On
writing this register, the data is written to the selected endpoint buffer. The data is in little
endian format: the first byte sent on the USB bus will be the least significant byte of
USBTxData. USBTxData is a write-only register.
Table 286. USB Transmit Data register (USBTxData - address 0x2008 C21C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

TX_DATA

Transmit Data.

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13.10.6.4 USB Transmit Packet Length register (USBTxPLen - 0x2008 C224)

This register contains the number of bytes transferred from the CPU to the selected
endpoint buffer. Before writing data to USBTxData, software should first write the packet
length (MaxPacketSize) to this register. After each write to USBTxData, hardware
decrements USBTxPLen by 4. The WR_EN bit and LOG_ENDPOINT field of the USBCtrl
register should be set to select the desired endpoint buffer before starting this process.
For data buffers larger than the endpoints MaxPacketSize, software should submit data in
packets of MaxPacketSize, and send the remaining extra bytes in the last packet. For
example, if the MaxPacketSize is 64 bytes and the data buffer to be transferred is of
length 130 bytes, then the software sends two 64-byte packets and the remaining 2 bytes
in the last packet. So, a total of 3 packets are sent on USB. USBTxPLen is a write-only
register.
Table 287. USB Transmit Packet Length register (USBTxPLen - address 0x2008 C224) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset value

9:0

PKT_LNGTH

The remaining number of bytes to be written to the selected endpoint buffer.

This field is decremented by 4 by hardware after each write to USBTxData.
When this field decrements to 0, the TxENDPKT bit will be set in
USBDevIntSt.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:10 -

13.10.6.5 USB Control register (USBCtrl - 0x2008 C228)

This register controls the data transfer operation of the USB device. It selects the endpoint
buffer that is accessed by the USBRxData and USBTxData registers, and enables
reading and writing them. USBCtrl is a read/write register.
Table 288. USB Control register (USBCtrl - address 0x2008 C228) bit description
Bit

Symbol

RD_EN

Value

Description

Reset value

Read mode control. Enables reading data from the OUT endpoint buffer 0
for the endpoint specified in the LOG_ENDPOINT field using the
USBRxData register. This bit is cleared by hardware when the last word
of the current packet is read from USBRxData.
0

Read mode is disabled.

Read mode is enabled.

WR_EN

Write mode control. Enables writing data to the IN endpoint buffer for the 0
endpoint specified in the LOG_ENDPOINT field using the USBTxData
register. This bit is cleared by hardware when the number of bytes in
USBTxLen have been sent.
0

Write mode is disabled.

Write mode is enabled.

5:2

LOG_ENDPOINT

Logical Endpoint number.

31:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

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13.10.7 SIE command code registers

The SIE command code registers are used for communicating with the Serial Interface
Engine. See Section 13.12 Serial interface engine command description for more
information.

13.10.7.1 USB Command Code register (USBCmdCode - 0x2008 C210)

This register is used for sending the command and write data to the SIE. The commands
written here are propagated to the SIE and executed there. After executing the command,
the register is empty, and the CCEMPTY bit of USBDevIntSt register is set. See
Section 13.12 for details. USBCmdCode is a write-only register.
Table 289. USB Command Code register (USBCmdCode - address 0x2008 C210) bit description
Bit

Symbol

7:0
15:8

Value

Description

Reset value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

CMD_PHASE

The command phase:

0x02

Read

0x01

Write

0x05

Command

23:16 CMD_CODE/
CMD_WDATA

This is a multi-purpose field. When CMD_PHASE is Command or Read,

this field contains the code for the command (CMD_CODE). When
CMD_PHASE is Write, this field contains the command write data
(CMD_WDATA).

31:24 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

13.10.7.2 USB Command Data register (USBCmdData - 0x2008 C214)

This register contains the data retrieved after executing a SIE command. When the data is
ready to be read, the CD_FULL bit of the USBDevIntSt register is set. See Table 261 for
details. USBCmdData is a read-only register.
Table 290. USB Command Data register (USBCmdData - address 0x2008 C214) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

7:0

CMD_RDATA

Command Read Data.

31:8

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

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13.10.8 DMA registers

The registers in this group are used for the DMA mode of operation (see Section 13.15
DMA operation)

13.10.8.1 USB DMA Request Status register (USBDMARSt - 0x2008 C250)

A bit in this register associated with a non-isochronous endpoint is set by hardware when
an endpoint interrupt occurs (see the description of USBEpIntSt) and the corresponding
bit in USBEpIntEn is 0. A bit associated with an isochronous endpoint is set when the
corresponding bit in USBEpIntEn is 0 and a FRAME interrupt occurs. A set bit serves as a
flag for the DMA engine to start the data transfer if the DMA is enabled for the
corresponding endpoint in the USBEpDMASt register. The DMA cannot be enabled for
control endpoints (EP0 and EP1). USBDMARSt is a read-only register.
Table 291. USB DMA Request Status register (USBDMARSt - address 0x2008 C250) bit allocation
Reset value: 0x0000 0000
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol
Bit
Symbol

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

EP31

EP30

EP29

EP28

EP27

EP26

EP25

EP24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

EP23

EP22

EP21

EP20

EP19

EP18

EP17

EP16

15

14

13

12

11

10

EP15

EP14

EP13

EP12

EP11

EP10

EP9

EP8

EP7

EP6

EP5

EP4

EP3

EP2

EP1

EP0

Table 292. USB DMA Request Status register (USBDMARSt - address 0x2008 C250) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Reset value

EP0

Control endpoint OUT (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and EP0 bit
must be 0).

EP1

Control endpoint IN (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and EP1 bit
must be 0).

31:2

EPxx

[1]

Endpoint xx (2 xx 31) DMA request.

0

DMA not requested by endpoint xx.

DMA requested by endpoint xx.

DMA can not be enabled for this endpoint and the corresponding bit in the USBDMARSt must be 0.

13.10.8.2 USB DMA Request Clear register (USBDMARClr - 0x2008 C254)

Writing one to a bit in this register will clear the corresponding bit in the USBDMARSt
register. Writing zero has no effect.
This register is intended for initialization prior to enabling the DMA for an endpoint. When
the DMA is enabled for an endpoint, hardware clears the corresponding bit in
USBDMARSt on completion of a packet transfer. Therefore, software should not clear the
bit using this register while the endpoint is enabled for DMA operation.
USBDMARClr is a write-only register.
The USBDMARClr bit allocation is identical to the USBDMARSt register (Table 291).

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Table 293. USB DMA Request Clear register (USBDMARClr - address 0x2008 C254) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Reset value

EP0

Control endpoint OUT (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and the EP0
bit must be 0).

EP1

Control endpoint IN (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and the EP1 bit 0
must be 0).

31:2

EPxx
0

No effect.

Clear the corresponding bit in USBDMARSt.

Clear the endpoint xx (2 xx 31) DMA request.

13.10.8.3 USB DMA Request Set register (USBDMARSet - 0x2008 C258)

Writing one to a bit in this register sets the corresponding bit in the USBDMARSt register.
Writing zero has no effect.
This register allows software to raise a DMA request. This can be useful when switching
from Slave to DMA mode of operation for an endpoint: if a packet to be processed in DMA
mode arrives before the corresponding bit of USBEpIntEn is cleared, the DMA request is
not raised by hardware. Software can then use this register to manually start the DMA
transfer.
Software can also use this register to initiate a DMA transfer to proactively fill an IN
endpoint buffer before an IN token packet is received from the host.
USBDMARSet is a write-only register.
The USBDMARSet bit allocation is identical to the USBDMARSt register (Table 291).
Table 294. USB DMA Request Set register (USBDMARSet - address 0x2008 C258) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Reset value

EP0

Control endpoint OUT (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and the EP0 bit
must be 0).

EP1

Control endpoint IN (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and the EP1 bit must 0
be 0).

31:2

EPxx

Set the endpoint xx (2 xx 31) DMA request.

0

No effect.

Set the corresponding bit in USBDMARSt.

13.10.8.4 USB UDCA Head register (USBUDCAH - 0x2008 C280)

The UDCA (USB Device Communication Area) Head register maintains the address
where the UDCA is located in the RAM. Refer to Section 13.15.2 USB device
communication area and Section 13.15.4 The DMA descriptor for more details on the
UDCA and DMA descriptors. USBUDCAH is a read/write register.
Table 295. USB UDCA Head register (USBUDCAH - address 0x2008 C280) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

6:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written. The UDCA is
aligned to 128-byte boundaries.

31:7

UDCA_ADDR

Start address of the UDCA.

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13.10.8.5 USB EP DMA Status register (USBEpDMASt - 0x2008 C284)

Bits in this register indicate whether DMA operation is enabled for the corresponding
endpoint. A DMA transfer for an endpoint can start only if the corresponding bit is set in
this register. USBEpDMASt is a read-only register.
Table 296. USB EP DMA Status register (USBEpDMASt - address 0x2008 C284) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

EP0_DMA_ENABLE

Control endpoint OUT (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and 0
the EP0_DMA_ENABLE bit must be 0).

Reset value

EP1_DMA_ENABLE

Control endpoint IN (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and

the EP1_DMA_ENABLE bit must be 0).

31:2

EPxx_DMA_ENABLE

endpoint xx (2 xx 31) DMA enabled bit.

0

The DMA for endpoint EPxx is disabled.

The DMA for endpoint EPxx is enabled.

0
0

13.10.8.6 USB EP DMA Enable register (USBEpDMAEn - 0x2008 C288)

Writing one to a bit to this register will enable the DMA operation for the corresponding
endpoint. Writing zero has no effect.The DMA cannot be enabled for control endpoints
EP0 and EP1. USBEpDMAEn is a write-only register.
Table 297. USB EP DMA Enable register (USBEpDMAEn - address 0x2008 C288) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset value

EP0_DMA_ENABLE

Control endpoint OUT (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and
the EP0_DMA_ENABLE bit value must be 0).

EP1_DMA_ENABLE

Control endpoint IN (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and the 0
EP1_DMA_ENABLE bit must be 0).

31:2

EPxx_DMA_ENABLE

Endpoint xx(2 xx 31) DMA enable control bit.

0

No effect.

Enable the DMA operation for endpoint EPxx.

13.10.8.7 USB EP DMA Disable register (USBEpDMADis - 0x2008 C28C)

Writing a one to a bit in this register clears the corresponding bit in USBEpDMASt. Writing
zero has no effect on the corresponding bit of USBEpDMASt. Any write to this register
clears the internal DMA_PROCEED flag. Refer to Section 13.15.5.4 Optimizing
descriptor fetch for more information on the DMA_PROCEED flag. If a DMA transfer is in
progress for an endpoint when its corresponding bit is cleared, the transfer is completed
before the DMA is disabled. When an error condition is detected during a DMA transfer,
the corresponding bit is cleared by hardware. USBEpDMADis is a write-only register.
Table 298. USB EP DMA Disable register (USBEpDMADis - address 0x2008 C28C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset value

EP0_DMA_DISABLE

Control endpoint OUT (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and
the EP0_DMA_DISABLE bit value must be 0).

EP1_DMA_DISABLE

Control endpoint IN (DMA cannot be enabled for this endpoint and the 0
EP1_DMA_DISABLE bit value must be 0).

31:2

EPxx_DMA_DISABLE

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0

No effect.

Disable the DMA operation for endpoint EPxx.

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13.10.8.8 USB DMA Interrupt Status register (USBDMAIntSt - 0x2008 C290)

Each bit of this register reflects whether any of the 32 bits in the corresponding interrupt
status register are set. USBDMAIntSt is a read-only register.
Table 299. USB DMA Interrupt Status register (USBDMAIntSt - address 0x2008 C290) bit description
Bit

Symbol

EOT

Value

31:3

Reset value

End of Transfer Interrupt bit.

All bits in the USBEoTIntSt register are 0.

1
1

Description

At least one bit in the USBEoTIntSt is set.

NDDR

New DD Request Interrupt bit.

0

All bits in the USBNDDRIntSt register are 0.

At least one bit in the USBNDDRIntSt is set.

All bits in the USBSysErrIntSt register are 0.

At least one bit in the USBSysErrIntSt is set.

ERR

System Error Interrupt bit.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

13.10.8.9 USB DMA Interrupt Enable register (USBDMAIntEn - 0x2008 C294)

Writing a one to a bit in this register enables the corresponding bit in USBDMAIntSt to
generate an interrupt on the USB_INT_REQ_DMA interrupt line when set. USBDMAIntEn
is a read/write register.
Table 300. USB DMA Interrupt Enable register (USBDMAIntEn - address 0x2008 C294) bit description
Bit

Symbol

EOT

Value Description

End of Transfer Interrupt enable bit.

0

The End of Transfer Interrupt is disabled.

The End of Transfer Interrupt is enabled.

NDDR

New DD Request Interrupt enable bit.

0

31:3

The New DD Request Interrupt is disabled.

1
2

Reset value

The New DD Request Interrupt is enabled.

ERR

System Error Interrupt enable bit.

0

The System Error Interrupt is disabled.

The System Error Interrupt is enabled.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

13.10.8.10 USB End of Transfer Interrupt Status register (USBEoTIntSt - 0x2008 C2A0)
When the DMA transfer completes for the current DMA descriptor, either normally
(descriptor is retired) or because of an error, the bit corresponding to the endpoint is set in
this register. The cause of the interrupt is recorded in the DD_status field of the descriptor.
USBEoTIntSt is a read-only register.
Table 301. USB End of Transfer Interrupt Status register (USBEoTIntSt - address 0x2008 C2A0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0

EPxx

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Value

Description

Reset value

Endpoint xx (2 xx 31) End of Transfer Interrupt request.

There is no End of Transfer interrupt request for endpoint xx.

There is an End of Transfer Interrupt request for endpoint xx.

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13.10.8.11 USB End of Transfer Interrupt Clear register (USBEoTIntClr - 0x2008 C2A4)
Writing one to a bit in this register clears the corresponding bit in the USBEoTIntSt
register. Writing zero has no effect. USBEoTIntClr is a write-only register.
Table 302. USB End of Transfer Interrupt Clear register (USBEoTIntClr - address 0x2008 C2A4) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0

EPxx

Value

Description

Reset value

Clear endpoint xx (2 xx 31) End of Transfer Interrupt request.

No effect.

Clear the EPxx End of Transfer Interrupt request in the USBEoTIntSt register.

13.10.8.12 USB End of Transfer Interrupt Set register (USBEoTIntSet - 0x2008 C2A8)
Writing one to a bit in this register sets the corresponding bit in the USBEoTIntSt register.
Writing zero has no effect. USBEoTIntSet is a write-only register.
Table 303. USB End of Transfer Interrupt Set register (USBEoTIntSet - address 0x2008 C2A8) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0

EPxx

Value

Description

Reset value

Set endpoint xx (2 xx 31) End of Transfer Interrupt request.

No effect.

Set the EPxx End of Transfer Interrupt request in the USBEoTIntSt register.

13.10.8.13 USB New DD Request Interrupt Status register (USBNDDRIntSt 0x2008 C2AC)
A bit in this register is set when a transfer is requested from the USB device and no valid
DD is detected for the corresponding endpoint. USBNDDRIntSt is a read-only register.
Table 304. USB New DD Request Interrupt Status register (USBNDDRIntSt - address 0x2008 C2AC) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0

EPxx

Value

Description

Reset value

Endpoint xx (2 xx 31) new DD interrupt request.

There is no new DD interrupt request for endpoint xx.

There is a new DD interrupt request for endpoint xx.

13.10.8.14 USB New DD Request Interrupt Clear register (USBNDDRIntClr 0x2008 C2B0)
Writing one to a bit in this register clears the corresponding bit in the USBNDDRIntSt
register. Writing zero has no effect. USBNDDRIntClr is a write-only register.
Table 305. USB New DD Request Interrupt Clear register (USBNDDRIntClr - address 0x2008 C2B0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0

EPxx

Value

Description

Reset value

Clear endpoint xx (2 xx 31) new DD interrupt request.

No effect.

Clear the EPxx new DD interrupt request in the USBNDDRIntSt register.

13.10.8.15 USB New DD Request Interrupt Set register (USBNDDRIntSet 0x2008 C2B4)
Writing one to a bit in this register sets the corresponding bit in the USBNDDRIntSt
register. Writing zero has no effect. USBNDDRIntSet is a write-only register

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Table 306. USB New DD Request Interrupt Set register (USBNDDRIntSet - address 0x2008 C2B4) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0

EPxx

Value

Description

Reset value

Set endpoint xx (2 xx 31) new DD interrupt request.

No effect.

Set the EPxx new DD interrupt request in the USBNDDRIntSt register.

13.10.8.16 USB System Error Interrupt Status register (USBSysErrIntSt - 0x2008 C2B8)
If a system error (AHB bus error) occurs when transferring the data or when fetching or
updating the DD the corresponding bit is set in this register. USBSysErrIntSt is a read-only
register.
Table 307. USB System Error Interrupt Status register (USBSysErrIntSt - address 0x2008 C2B8) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0

EPxx

Value

Description

Reset value

Endpoint xx (2 xx 31) System Error Interrupt request.

There is no System Error Interrupt request for endpoint xx.

There is a System Error Interrupt request for endpoint xx.

13.10.8.17 USB System Error Interrupt Clear register (USBSysErrIntClr - 0x2008 C2BC)
Writing one to a bit in this register clears the corresponding bit in the USBSysErrIntSt
register. Writing zero has no effect. USBSysErrIntClr is a write-only register.
Table 308. USB System Error Interrupt Clear register (USBSysErrIntClr - address 0x2008 C2BC) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0

EPxx

Value

Description

Reset value

Clear endpoint xx (2 xx 31) System Error Interrupt request.

No effect.

Clear the EPxx System Error Interrupt request in the USBSysErrIntSt register.

13.10.8.18 USB System Error Interrupt Set register (USBSysErrIntSet - 0x2008 C2C0)
Writing one to a bit in this register sets the corresponding bit in the USBSysErrIntSt
register. Writing zero has no effect. USBSysErrIntSet is a write-only register.
Table 309. USB System Error Interrupt Set register (USBSysErrIntSet - address 0x2008 C2C0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0

EPxx

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Value

Description

Reset value

Set endpoint xx (2 xx 31) System Error Interrupt request.

No effect.

Set the EPxx System Error Interrupt request in the USBSysErrIntSt register.

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13.11 Interrupt handling

This section describes how an interrupt event on any of the endpoints is routed to the
Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC). For a diagram showing interrupt event
handling, see Figure 41.
All non-isochronous OUT endpoints (control, bulk, and interrupt endpoints) generate an
interrupt when they receive a packet without an error. All non-isochronous IN endpoints
generate an interrupt when a packet has been successfully transmitted or when a NAK
signal is sent and interrupts on NAK are enabled by the SIE Set Mode command, see
Section 13.12.3. For isochronous endpoints, a frame interrupt is generated every 1 ms.
The interrupt handling is different for Slave and DMA mode.
Slave mode

If an interrupt event occurs on an endpoint and the endpoint interrupt is enabled in the
USBEpIntEn register, the corresponding status bit in the USBEpIntSt is set. For
non-isochronous endpoints, all endpoint interrupt events are divided into two types by the
corresponding USBEpIntPri[n] registers: fast endpoint interrupt events and slow endpoint
interrupt events. All fast endpoint interrupt events are ORed and routed to bit EP_FAST in
the USBDevIntSt register. All slow endpoint interrupt events are ORed and routed to the
EP_SLOW bit in USBDevIntSt.
For isochronous endpoints, the FRAME bit in USBDevIntSt is set every 1 ms.
The USBDevIntSt register holds the status of all endpoint interrupt events as well as the
status of various other interrupts (see Section 13.10.3.2). By default, all interrupts (if
enabled in USBDevIntEn) are routed to the USB_INT_REQ_LP bit in the USBIntSt
register to request low priority interrupt handling. However, the USBDevIntPri register can
route either the FRAME or the EP_FAST bit to the USB_INT_REQ_HP bit in the USBIntSt
register.
Only one of the EP_FAST and FRAME interrupt events can be routed to the
USB_INT_REQ_HP bit. If routing both bits to USB_INT_REQ_HP is attempted, both
interrupt events are routed to USB_INT_REQ_LP.
Slow endpoint interrupt events are always routed directly to the USB_INT_REQ_LP bit for
low priority interrupt handling by software.
The final interrupt signal to the NVIC is gated by the EN_USB_INTS bit in the USBIntSt
register. The USB interrupts are routed to the NVIC only if EN_USB_INTS is set.
DMA mode

If an interrupt event occurs on a non-control endpoint and the endpoint interrupt is not
enabled in the USBEpIntEn register, the corresponding status bit in the USBDMARSt is
set by hardware. This serves as a flag for the DMA engine to transfer data if DMA transfer
is enabled for the corresponding endpoint in the USBEpDMASt register.
Three types of interrupts can occur for each endpoint for data transfers in DMA mode: End
of transfer interrupt, new DD request interrupt, and system error interrupt. These interrupt
events set a bit for each endpoint in the respective registers USBEoTIntSt,
USBNDDRIntSt, and USBSysErrIntSt. The End of transfer interrupts from all endpoints

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are then Ored and routed to the EOT bit in USBDMAIntSt. Likewise, all New DD request
interrupts and system error interrupt events are routed to the NDDR and ERR bits
respectively in the USBDMAStInt register.
The EOT, NDDR, and ERR bits (if enabled in USBDMAIntEn) are ORed to set the
USB_INT_REQ_DMA bit in the USBIntSt register. If the EN_USB_INTS bit is set in
USBIntSt, the interrupt is routed to the NVIC.

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interrupt
event on
EPn

Slave mode

USBEpIntSt

from other
Endpoints
.
.
.
.

FRAME
EP_FAST
EP_SLOW

.
.
.
.

USBEpIntEn[n]

USBDevIntSt

USBDevIntPri[0]

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
USBEpIntPri[n] ..
.

.
.
.
.

USBDevIntPri[1]
ERR_INT

USBIntSt

USBDMARSt

USB_INT_REQ_HP
USB_INT_REQ_LP
USB_INT_REQ_DMA

to NVIC

to DMA engine

EN_USB_INTS

USBEoTIntST

DMA Mode

0
.
.
.
.
31
USBNDDRIntSt
0

USBDMAIntSt
.
.
.
.

EOT
NDDR
ERR

31
USBSysErrIntSt
0
.
.
.
.
31

For simplicity, USBDevIntEn and USBDMAIntEn are not shown.

Fig 41. Interrupt event handling

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13.12 Serial interface engine command description

The functions and registers of the Serial Interface Engine (SIE) are accessed using
commands, which consist of a command code followed by optional data bytes (read or
write action). The USBCmdCode (Table 289) and USBCmdData (Table 290) registers are
used for these accesses.
A complete access consists of two phases:
1. Command phase: the USBCmdCode register is written with the CMD_PHASE field
set to the value 0x05 (Command), and the CMD_CODE field set to the desired
command code. On completion of the command, the CCEMPTY bit of USBDevIntSt is
set.
2. Data phase (optional): for writes, the USBCmdCode register is written with the
CMD_PHASE field set to the value 0x01 (Write), and the CMD_WDATA field set with
the desired write data. On completion of the write, the CCEMPTY bit of USBDevIntSt
is set. For reads, USBCmdCode register is written with the CMD_PHASE field set to
the value 0x02 (Read), and the CMD_CODE field set with command code the read
corresponds to. On completion of the read, the CDFULL bit of USBDevInSt will be set,
indicating the data is available for reading in the USBCmdData register. In the case of
multi-byte registers, the least significant byte is accessed first.
An overview of the available commands is given in Table 310.
Here is an example of the Read Current Frame Number command (reading 2 bytes):
USBDevIntClr = 0x30;
//
USBCmdCode = 0x00F50500;
//
while (!(USBDevIntSt & 0x10)); //
USBDevIntClr = 0x10;
//
USBCmdCode = 0x00F50200;
//
while (!(USBDevIntSt & 0x20)); //
USBDevIntClr = 0x20;
//
CurFrameNum = USBCmdData;
//
USBCmdCode = 0x00F50200;
//
while (!(USBDevIntSt & 0x20)); //
Temp = USBCmdData;
//
USBDevIntClr = 0x20;
//
CurFrameNum = CurFrameNum | (Temp

Clear both CCEMPTY & CDFULL

CMD_CODE=0xF5, CMD_PHASE=0x05(Command)
Wait for CCEMPTY.
Clear CCEMPTY interrupt bit.
CMD_CODE=0xF5, CMD_PHASE=0x02(Read)
Wait for CDFULL.
Clear CDFULL.
Read Frame number LSB byte.
CMD_CODE=0xF5, CMD_PHASE=0x02(Read)
Wait for CDFULL.
Read Frame number MSB byte
Clear CDFULL interrupt bit.
<< 8);

Here is an example of the Set Address command (writing 1 byte):

USBDevIntClr = 0x10;
USBCmdCode = 0x00D00500;
while (!(USBDevIntSt & 0x10));
USBDevIntClr = 0x10;
USBCmdCode = 0x008A0100;

//
//
//
//
//
//
while (!(USBDevIntSt & 0x10)); //
USBDevIntClr = 0x10;
//

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Clear CCEMPTY.
CMD_CODE=0xD0, CMD_PHASE=0x05(Command)
Wait for CCEMPTY.
Clear CCEMPTY.
CMD_WDATA=0x8A(DEV_EN=1, DEV_ADDR=0xA),
CMD_PHASE=0x01(Write)
Wait for CCEMPTY.
Clear CCEMPTY.

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Table 310. SIE command code table

Command name

Recipient

Code (Hex)

Data phase

Set Address

Device

D0

Write 1 byte

Configure Device

Device

D8

Write 1 byte

Set Mode

Device

F3

Write 1 byte

Device commands

Read Current Frame Number

Device

F5

Read 1 or 2 bytes

Read Test Register

Device

FD

Read 2 bytes

Set Device Status

Device

FE

Write 1 byte

Get Device Status

Device

FE

Read 1 byte

Get Error Code

Device

FF

Read 1 byte

Read Error Status

Device

FB

Read 1 byte

Endpoint 0

00

Read 1 byte (optional)

Endpoint 1

01

Read 1 byte (optional)

Endpoint xx

xx

Read 1 byte (optional)

Endpoint 0

40

Read 1 byte

Endpoint 1

41

Read 1 byte

Endpoint Commands

Select Endpoint

Select Endpoint/Clear Interrupt

Endpoint xx

xx 40

Read 1 byte

Endpoint 0

40

Write 1 byte

Endpoint 1

41

Write 1 byte

Endpoint xx

xx 40

Write 1 byte

Clear Buffer

Selected Endpoint

F2

Read 1 byte (optional)

Validate Buffer

Selected Endpoint

FA

None

Set Endpoint Status

13.12.1 Set Address (Command: 0xD0, Data: write 1 byte)

The Set Address command is used to set the USB assigned address and enable the
(embedded) function. The address set in the device will take effect after the status stage
of the control transaction. After a bus reset, DEV_ADDR is set to 0x00, and DEV_EN is
set to 1. The device will respond to packets for function address 0x00, endpoint 0 (default
endpoint).
Table 311. Set Address command bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

6:0

DEV_ADDR

Device address set by the software. After a bus reset this field is set to 0x00.

DEV_EN

Device Enable. After a bus reset this bit is set to 1.

0: Device will not respond to any packets.

1: Device will respond to packets for function address DEV_ADDR.

13.12.2 Configure Device (Command: 0xD8, Data: write 1 byte)

A value of 1 written to the register indicates that the device is configured and all the
enabled non-control endpoints will respond. Control endpoints are always enabled and
respond even if the device is not configured, in the default state.

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Table 312. Configure Device command bit description

Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

CONF_DEVICE

Device is configured. All enabled non-control endpoints will respond. This bit is
cleared by hardware when a bus reset occurs. When set, the UP_LED signal is
driven LOW if the device is not in the suspended state (SUS=0).

7:1

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

13.12.3 Set Mode (Command: 0xF3, Data: write 1 byte)

Table 313. Set Mode command bit description
Bit

Symbol

AP_CLK

Value

Description

Reset value

Always PLL Clock.

USB_NEED_CLK is functional; the 48 MHz clock can be stopped when the

device enters suspend state.

USB_NEED_CLK is fixed to 1; the 48 MHz clock cannot be stopped when the

device enters suspend state.

INAK_CI

Interrupt on NAK for Control IN endpoint.

0

Only successful transactions generate an interrupt.

Both successful and NAKed IN transactions generate interrupts.

INAK_CO

Interrupt on NAK for Control OUT endpoint.

0

Only successful transactions generate an interrupt.

Both successful and NAKed OUT transactions generate interrupts.

INAK_II

Interrupt on NAK for Interrupt IN endpoint.

0

Only successful transactions generate an interrupt.

Both successful and NAKed IN transactions generate interrupts.

INAK_IO[1]

Interrupt on NAK for Interrupt OUT endpoints.

0

Only successful transactions generate an interrupt.

Both successful and NAKed OUT transactions generate interrupts.

INAK_BI

Interrupt on NAK for Bulk IN endpoints.

0

Only successful transactions generate an interrupt.

Both successful and NAKed IN transactions generate interrupts.

Only successful transactions generate an interrupt.

Both successful and NAKed OUT transactions generate interrupts.

INAK_BO[2]

Interrupt on NAK for Bulk OUT endpoints.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

[1]

This bit should be reset to 0 if the DMA is enabled for any of the Interrupt OUT endpoints.

[2]

This bit should be reset to 0 if the DMA is enabled for any of the Bulk OUT endpoints.

13.12.4 Read Current Frame Number (Command: 0xF5, Data: read 1 or 2

bytes)
Returns the frame number of the last successfully received SOF. The frame number is
eleven bits wide. The frame number returns least significant byte first. In case the user is
only interested in the lower 8 bits of the frame number, only the first byte needs to be read.

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In case no SOF was received by the device at the beginning of a frame, the frame
number returned is that of the last successfully received SOF.

In case the SOF frame number contained a CRC error, the frame number returned will
be the corrupted frame number as received by the device.

13.12.5 Read Test Register (Command: 0xFD, Data: read 2 bytes)

The test register is 16 bits wide. It returns the value of 0xA50F if the USB clocks (usbclk
and AHB slave clock) are running.

13.12.6 Set Device Status (Command: 0xFE, Data: write 1 byte)

The Set Device Status command sets bits in the Device Status Register.
Table 314. Set Device Status command bit description
Bit

Symbol

CON

Value

Description

Reset value

The Connect bit indicates the current connect status of the device. It controls the 0
CONNECT output pin, used for SoftConnect. Reading the connect bit returns the
current connect status. This bit is cleared by hardware when the VBUS status
input is LOW for more than 3 ms. The 3 ms delay filters out temporary dips in the
VBUS voltage.
0

Writing a 0 will make the CONNECT pin go HIGH.

Writing a 1 will make the CONNECT pin go LOW.

This bit is cleared when read.

This bit is set when the devices pull-up resistor is disconnected because VBUS
disappeared. The DEV_STAT interrupt is generated when this bit is 1.

CON_CH

Connect Change.

SUS

Suspend: The Suspend bit represents the current suspend state.

0
When the device is suspended (SUS = 1) and the CPU writes a 0 into it, the
device will generate a remote wake-up. This will only happen when the device is
connected (CON = 1). When the device is not connected or not suspended,
writing a 0 has no effect. Writing a 1 to this bit has no effect.
0

This bit is reset to 0 on any activity.

This bit is set to 1 when the device hasnt seen any activity on its upstream port
for more than 3 ms.

SUS_CH

Suspend (SUS) bit change indicator. The SUS bit can toggle because:

The device goes into the suspended state.

The device is disconnected.
The device receives resume signalling on its upstream port.

This bit is cleared when read.

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SUS bit changed. At the same time a DEV_STAT interrupt is generated.

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Table 314. Set Device Status command bit description

Bit

Symbol

RST

Value

Description

Reset value

Bus Reset bit. On a bus reset, the device will automatically go to the default
state. In the default state:

Device is unconfigured.
Will respond to address 0.
Control endpoint will be in the Stalled state.
All endpoints are unrealized except control endpoints EP0 and EP1.
Data toggling is reset for all endpoints.
All buffers are cleared.
There is no change to the endpoint interrupt status.
DEV_STAT interrupt is generated.

Note: Bus resets are ignored when the device is not connected (CON=0).

7:5

This bit is cleared when read.

This bit is set when the device receives a bus reset. A DEV_STAT interrupt is
generated.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

13.12.7 Get Device Status (Command: 0xFE, Data: read 1 byte)

The Get Device Status command returns the Device Status Register. Reading the device
status returns 1 byte of data. The bit field definition is same as the Set Device Status
Register as shown in Table 314.
Remark: To ensure correct operation, the DEV_STAT bit of USBDevIntSt must be cleared
before executing the Get Device Status command.

13.12.8 Get Error Code (Command: 0xFF, Data: read 1 byte)

Different error conditions can arise inside the SIE. The Get Error Code command returns
the last error code that occurred. The 4 least significant bits form the error code.

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Table 315. Get Error Code command bit description

Bit

Symbol

3:0

EC

EA

7:5

Value

Description

Reset value

Error Code.

0000

No Error.

0001

PID Encoding Error.

0010

Unknown PID.

0011

Unexpected Packet - any packet sequence violation from the specification.

0100

Error in Token CRC.

0101

Error in Data CRC.

0110

Time Out Error.

0111

Babble.

1000

Error in End of Packet.

1001

Sent/Received NAK.

1010

Sent Stall.

1011

Buffer Overrun Error.

1100

Sent Empty Packet (ISO Endpoints only).

1101

Bitstuff Error.

1110

Error in Sync.

1111

Wrong Toggle Bit in Data PID, ignored data.

The Error Active bit will be reset once this register is read.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

13.12.9 Read Error Status (Command: 0xFB, Data: read 1 byte)

This command reads the 8-bit Error register from the USB device. This register records
which error events have recently occurred in the SIE. If any of these bits are set, the
ERR_INT bit of USBDevIntSt is set. The error bits are cleared after reading this register.
Table 316. Read Error Status command bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

PID_ERR

PID encoding error or Unknown PID or Token CRC.

UEPKT

Unexpected Packet - any packet sequence violation from the specification.

DCRC

Data CRC error.

TIMEOUT

Time out error.

EOP

End of packet error.

B_OVRN

Buffer Overrun.

BTSTF

Bit stuff error.

TGL_ERR

Wrong toggle bit in data PID, ignored data.

13.12.10 Select Endpoint (Command: 0x00 - 0x1F, Data: read 1 byte (optional))
The Select Endpoint command initializes an internal pointer to the start of the selected
buffer in EP_RAM. Optionally, this command can be followed by a data read, which
returns some additional information on the packet(s) in the endpoint buffer(s). The
command code of the Select Endpoint command is equal to the physical endpoint
number. In the case of a single buffered endpoint the B_2_FULL bit is not valid.
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Table 317. Select Endpoint command bit description

Bit

Symbol

FE

Value

Description

Reset value

Full/Empty. This bit indicates the full or empty status of the endpoint buffer(s).
For IN endpoints, the FE bit gives the ANDed result of the B_1_FULL and
B_2_FULL bits. For OUT endpoints, the FE bit gives ORed result of the
B_1_FULL and B_2_FULL bits. For single buffered endpoints, this bit simply
reflects the status of B_1_FULL.

For an IN endpoint, at least one write endpoint buffer is empty.

For an OUT endpoint, at least one endpoint read buffer is full.

ST

Stalled endpoint indicator.

0

The selected endpoint is not stalled.

The selected endpoint is stalled.

STP

SETUP bit: the value of this bit is updated after each successfully received
packet (i.e. an ACKed package on that particular physical endpoint).
0

The STP bit is cleared by doing a Select Endpoint/Clear Interrupt on this

endpoint.

The last received packet for the selected endpoint was a SETUP packet.

PO

Packet over-written bit.

0

The PO bit is cleared by the Select Endpoint/Clear Interrupt command.

The previously received packet was over-written by a SETUP packet.

EPN

EP NAKed bit indicates sending of a NAK. If the host sends an OUT packet to a 0
filled OUT buffer, the device returns NAK. If the host sends an IN token packet
to an empty IN buffer, the device returns NAK.
0

The EPN bit is reset after the device has sent an ACK after an OUT packet or
when the device has seen an ACK after sending an IN packet.

The EPN bit is set when a NAK is sent and the interrupt on NAK feature is
enabled.

B_1_FULL

The buffer 1 status.

0

Buffer 1 is empty.

Buffer 1 is full.

Buffer 2 is empty.

Buffer 2 is full.

B_2_FULL

The buffer 2 status.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

13.12.11 Select Endpoint/Clear Interrupt (Command: 0x40 - 0x5F, Data: read 1

byte)
Commands 0x40 to 0x5F are identical to their Select Endpoint equivalents, with the
following differences:

They clear the bit corresponding to the endpoint in the USBEpIntSt register.
In case of a control OUT endpoint, they clear the STP and PO bits in the
corresponding Select Endpoint Register.

Reading one byte is obligatory.

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Remark: This command may be invoked by using the USBCmdCode and USBCmdData
registers, or by setting the corresponding bit in USBEpIntClr. For ease of use, using the
USBEpIntClr register is recommended.

13.12.12 Set Endpoint Status (Command: 0x40 - 0x55, Data: write 1 byte
(optional))
The Set Endpoint Status command sets status bits 7:5 and 0 of the endpoint. The
Command Code of Set Endpoint Status is equal to the sum of 0x40 and the physical
endpoint number in hex. Not all bits can be set for all types of endpoints.
Table 318. Set Endpoint Status command bit description
Bit

Symbol

ST

Value

Description

Reset value

Stalled endpoint bit. A Stalled control endpoint is automatically unstalled when it 0

receives a SETUP token, regardless of the content of the packet. If the endpoint
should stay in its stalled state, the CPU can stall it again by setting this bit. When
a stalled endpoint is unstalled - either by the Set Endpoint Status command or by
receiving a SETUP token - it is also re-initialized. This flushes the buffer: in case
of an OUT buffer it waits for a DATA 0 PID; in case of an IN buffer it writes a DATA
0 PID. There is no change of the interrupt status of the endpoint. When already
unstalled, writing a zero to this bit initializes the endpoint. When an endpoint is
stalled by the Set Endpoint Status command, it is also re-initialized.
0
1

The endpoint is unstalled.

The endpoint is stalled.

4:1

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

DA

Disabled endpoint bit.

The endpoint is enabled.

The endpoint is disabled.

RF_MO

Rate Feedback Mode.

Interrupt endpoint is in the Toggle mode.

Interrupt endpoint is in the Rate Feedback mode. This means that transfer takes
place without data toggle bit.

CND_ST

Conditional Stall bit.

Unstalls both control endpoints.

Stall both control endpoints, unless the STP bit is set in the Select Endpoint
register. It is defined only for control OUT endpoints.

13.12.13 Clear Buffer (Command: 0xF2, Data: read 1 byte (optional))

When an OUT packet sent by the host has been received successfully, an internal
hardware FIFO status Buffer_Full flag is set. All subsequent packets will be refused by
returning a NAK. When the device software has read the data, it should free the buffer by
issuing the Clear Buffer command. This clears the internal Buffer_Full flag. When the
buffer is cleared, new packets will be accepted.
When bit 0 of the optional data byte is 1, the previously received packet was over-written
by a SETUP packet. The Packet over-written bit is used only in control transfers.
According to the USB specification, a SETUP packet should be accepted irrespective of
the buffer status. The software should always check the status of the PO bit after reading

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the SETUP data. If it is set then it should discard the previously read data, clear the PO bit
by issuing a Select Endpoint/Clear Interrupt command, read the new SETUP data and
again check the status of the PO bit.
See Section 13.14 Slave mode operation for a description of when this command is
used.
Table 319. Clear Buffer command bit description
Bit

Symbol Value Description

Reset value

PO

7:1

Packet over-written bit. This bit is only applicable to the control endpoint EP0.
0

The previously received packet is intact.

The previously received packet was over-written by a later SETUP packet.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

13.12.14 Validate Buffer (Command: 0xFA, Data: none)

When the CPU has written data into an IN buffer, software should issue a Validate Buffer
command. This tells hardware that the buffer is ready for sending on the USB bus.
Hardware will send the contents of the buffer when the next IN token packet is received.
Internally, there is a hardware FIFO status flag called Buffer_Full. This flag is set by the
Validate Buffer command and cleared when the data has been sent on the USB bus and
the buffer is empty.
A control IN buffer cannot be validated when its corresponding OUT buffer has the Packet
Over-written (PO) bit (see the Clear Buffer Register) set or contains a pending SETUP
packet. For the control endpoint the validated buffer will be invalidated when a SETUP
packet is received.
See Section 13.14 Slave mode operation for a description of when this command is
used.

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13.13 USB device controller initialization

The LPC178x/177x USB device controller initialization includes the following steps:
1. Enable the device controller by setting the PCUSB bit of PCONP.
2. Configure and enable the PLL and Clock Dividers to provide 48 MHz for usbclk and
the desired frequency for cclk. For the procedure for determining the PLL setting and
configuration, see Section 4.5.10 Procedure for determining PLL settings.
3. Enable the device controller clocks by setting DEV_CLK_EN and AHB_CLK_EN bits
in the USBClkCtrl register. Poll the respective clock bits in the USBClkSt register until
they are set.
4. Select the desired USB port pins using the USBPortSel register. The
PORTSEL_CLK_EN bit must be set in USBClkCtrl before accessing USBPortSel and
should be cleared after accessing USBPortSel.
5. Enable the USB pin functions by writing to the corresponding IOCON registers.
6. Disable the pull-ups and pull-downs on the VBUS pin using the corresponding IOCON
register by putting the pin in the plain-input mode. See Section 8.4.1 I/O
configuration register contents (IOCON).
7. Set USBEpIn and USBMaxPSize registers for EP0 and EP1, and wait until the
EP_RLZED bit in USBDevIntSt is set so that EP0 and EP1 are realized.
8. Enable endpoint interrupts (Slave mode):
Clear all endpoint interrupts using USBEpIntClr.
Clear any device interrupts using USBDevIntClr.
Enable Slave mode for the desired endpoints by setting the corresponding bits in
USBEpIntEn.
Set the priority of each enabled interrupt using USBEpIntPri.
Configure the desired interrupt mode using the SIE Set Mode command.
Enable device interrupts using USBDevIntEn (normally DEV_STAT, EP_SLOW,
and possibly EP_FAST).

9. Configure the DMA (DMA mode):

Disable DMA operation for all endpoints using USBEpDMADis.
Clear any pending DMA requests using USBDMARClr.
Clear all DMA interrupts using USBEoTIntClr, USBNDDRIntClr, and
USBSysErrIntClr.
Prepare the UDCA in system memory.
Write the desired address for the UDCA to USBUDCAH.
Enable the desired endpoints for DMA operation using USBEpDMAEn.
Set EOT, DDR, and ERR bits in USBDMAIntEn.

10. Install USB interrupt handler in the NVIC by writing its address to the appropriate
vector table location and enabling the USB interrupt in the NVIC.
11. Set default USB address to 0x0 and DEV_EN to 1 using the SIE Set Address
command. A bus reset will also cause this to happen.
12. Set CON bit to 1 to make CONNECT active using the SIE Set Device Status
command.
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The configuration of the endpoints varies depending on the software application. By

default, all the endpoints are disabled except control endpoints EP0 and EP1. Additional
endpoints are enabled and configured by software after a SET_CONFIGURATION or
SET_INTERFACE device request is received from the host.

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13.14 Slave mode operation

In Slave mode, the CPU transfers data between RAM and the endpoint buffer using the
Register Interface.

13.14.1 Interrupt generation

In slave mode, data packet transfer between RAM and an endpoint buffer can be initiated
in response to an endpoint interrupt. Endpoint interrupts are enabled using the
USBEpIntEn register, and are observable in the USBEpIntSt register.
All non-isochronous OUT endpoints generate an endpoint interrupt when they receive a
packet without an error. All non-isochronous IN endpoints generate an interrupt when a
packet is successfully transmitted, or when a NAK handshake is sent on the bus and the
interrupt on NAK feature is enabled.
For Isochronous endpoints, transfer of data is done when the FRAME interrupt (in
USBDevIntSt) occurs.

13.14.2 Data transfer for OUT endpoints

When the software wants to read the data from an endpoint buffer it should set the
RD_EN bit and program LOG_ENDPOINT with the desired endpoint number in the
USBCtrl register. The control logic will fetch the packet length to the USBRxPLen register,
and set the PKT_RDY bit (Table 285).
Software can now start reading the data from the USBRxData register (Table 284). When
the end of packet is reached, the RD_EN bit is cleared, and the RxENDPKT bit is set in
the USBDevSt register. Software now issues a Clear Buffer (refer to Table 319) command.
The endpoint is now ready to accept the next packet. For OUT isochronous endpoints, the
next packet will be received irrespective of whether the buffer has been cleared. Any data
not read from the buffer before the end of the frame is lost. See Section 13.16 Double
buffered endpoint operation for more details.
If the software clears RD_EN before the entire packet is read, reading is terminated, and
the data remains in the endpoints buffer. When RD_EN is set again for this endpoint, the
data will be read from the beginning.

13.14.3 Data transfer for IN endpoints

When writing data to an endpoint buffer, WR_EN (Section 13.10.6.5 USB Control register
(USBCtrl - 0x2008 C228)) is set and software writes to the number of bytes it is going to
send in the packet to the USBTxPLen register (Section 13.10.6.4). It can then write data
continuously in the USBTxData register.
When the number of bytes programmed in USBTxPLen have been written to USBTxData,
the WR_EN bit is cleared, and the TxENDPKT bit is set in the USBDevIntSt register.
Software issues a Validate Buffer (Section 13.12.14 Validate Buffer (Command: 0xFA,
Data: none)) command. The endpoint is now ready to send the packet. For IN
isochronous endpoints, the data in the buffer will be sent only if the buffer is validated
before the next FRAME interrupt occurs; otherwise, an empty packet will be sent in the
next frame. If the software clears WR_EN before the entire packet is written, writing will
start again from the beginning the next time WR_EN is set for this endpoint.
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Both RD_EN and WR_EN can be high at the same time for the same logical endpoint.
Interleaved read and write operation is possible.

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13.15 DMA operation

In DMA mode, the DMA transfers data between RAM and the endpoint buffer.
The following sections discuss DMA mode operation. Background information is given in
sections Section 13.15.2 USB device communication area and Section 13.15.3
Triggering the DMA engine. The fields of the DMA Descriptor are described in
Section 13.15.4 The DMA descriptor. The last three sections describe DMA operation:
Section 13.15.5 Non-isochronous endpoint operation, Section 13.15.6 Isochronous
endpoint operation, and Section 13.15.7 Auto Length Transfer Extraction (ATLE) mode
operation.

13.15.1 Transfer terminology

Within this section three types of transfers are mentioned:
1. USB transfers transfer of data over the USB bus. The USB 2.0 specification refers
to these simply as transfers. Within this section they are referred to as USB transfers
to distinguish them from DMA transfers. A USB transfer is composed of transactions.
Each transaction is composed of packets.
2. DMA transfers the transfer of data between an endpoint buffer and system memory
(RAM).
3. Packet transfers in this section, a packet transfer refers to the transfer of a packet of
data between an endpoint buffer and system memory (RAM). A DMA transfer is
composed of one or more packet transfers.

13.15.2 USB device communication area

The CPU and DMA controller communicate through a common area of memory, called the
USB Device Communication Area, or UDCA. The UDCA is a 32-word array of DMA
Descriptor Pointers (DDPs), each of which corresponds to a physical endpoint. Each DDP
points to the start address of a DMA Descriptor, if one is defined for the endpoint. DDPs
for unrealized endpoints and endpoints disabled for DMA operation are ignored and can
be set to a NULL (0x0) value.
The start address of the UDCA is stored in the USBUDCAH register. The UDCA can
reside at any 128-byte boundary of RAM that is accessible to both the CPU and DMA
controller.
Figure 42 illustrates the UDCA and its relationship to the UDCA Head (USBUDCAH)
register and DMA Descriptors.

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UDCA

NULL
NULL

NULL

Next_DD_pointer

Next_DD_pointer

Next_DD_pointer

DD-EP2-a

DD-EP2-b

DD-EP2-c

2
DDP-EP2

NULL
UDCA HEAD
REGISTER

NULL
Next_DD_pointer

Next_DD_pointer

DD-EP16-a

DD-EP16-b

16
DDP-EP16

31
DDP-EP31

Fig 42. UDCA Head register and DMA Descriptors

13.15.3 Triggering the DMA engine

An endpoint raises a DMA request when Slave mode is disabled by setting the
corresponding bit in the USBEpIntEn register to 0 (Section 13.10.4.2) and an endpoint
interrupt occurs (see Section 13.10.8.1 USB DMA Request Status register (USBDMARSt
- 0x2008 C250)).
A DMA transfer for an endpoint starts when the endpoint is enabled for DMA operation in
USBEpDMASt, the corresponding bit in USBDMARSt is set, and a valid DD is found for
the endpoint.
All endpoints share a single DMA channel to minimize hardware overhead. If more than
one DMA request is active in USBDMARSt, the endpoint with the lowest physical endpoint
number is processed first.
In DMA mode, the bits corresponding to Interrupt on NAK for Bulk OUT and Interrupt OUT
endpoints (INAK_BO and INAK_IO) should be set to 0 using the SIE Set Mode command
(Section 13.12.3).

13.15.4 The DMA descriptor

DMA transfers are described by a data structure called the DMA Descriptor (DD).
DDs are placed in RAM. These descriptors can be located anywhere in on-chip RAM at
word-aligned addresses.
DDs for non-isochronous endpoints are four words long. DDs for isochronous endpoints
are five words long.
The parameters associated with a DMA transfer are:

The start address of the DMA buffer

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The length of the DMA buffer

The start address of the next DMA descriptor
Control information
Count information (number of bytes transferred)
Status information

Table 320 lists the DMA descriptor fields.

Table 320. DMA descriptor
Word
position

Access
(H/W)

Access
(S/W)

Bit
position

Description

R/W

31:0

Next_DD_pointer

R/W

1:0

DMA_mode (00 -Normal; 01 - ATLE)

R/W

Next_DD_valid (1 - valid; 0 - invalid)

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

R/W

Isochronous_endpoint (1 - isochronous; 0 - non-isochronous)

R/W

15:5

Max_packet_size

R/W[1]

R/W

31:16

DMA_buffer_length
This value is specified in bytes for non-isochronous endpoints and in
number of packets for isochronous endpoints.

R/W

R/W

31:0

DMA_buffer_start_addr

R/W

R/I

DD_retired (To be initialized to 0)

R/I

4:1

DD_status (To be initialized to 0000):

0000 - NotServiced
0001 - BeingServiced
0010 - NormalCompletion
0011 - DataUnderrun (short packet)
1000 - DataOverrun
1001 - SystemError

R/I

Packet_valid (To be initialized to 0)

R/I

LS_byte_extracted (ATLE mode) (To be initialized to 0)

R/I

MS_byte_extracted (ATLE mode) (To be initialized to 0)

13:8

Message_length_position (ATLE mode)

15:14

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

R/W

R/I

31:16

Present_DMA_count (To be initialized to 0)

R/W

R/W

31:0

Isochronous_packetsize_memory_address

[1]

Write-only in ATLE mode

Legend: R - Read; W - Write; I - Initialize

13.15.4.1 Next_DD_pointer
Pointer to the memory location from where the next DMA descriptor will be fetched.

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13.15.4.2 DMA_mode
Specifies the DMA mode of operation. Two modes have been defined: Normal and
Automatic Transfer Length Extraction (ATLE) mode. In normal mode, software initializes
the DMA_buffer_length for OUT endpoints. In ATLE mode, the DMA_buffer_length is
extracted from the incoming data. See Section 13.15.7 Auto Length Transfer Extraction
(ATLE) mode operation on page 364 for more details.

13.15.4.3 Next_DD_valid
This bit indicates whether the software has prepared the next DMA descriptor. If set, the
DMA engine fetches the new descriptor when it is finished with the current one.

13.15.4.4 Isochronous_endpoint
When set, this bit indicates that the descriptor belongs to an isochronous endpoint. Hence
5 words have to be read when fetching it.

13.15.4.5 Max_packet_size
The maximum packet size of the endpoint. This parameter is used while transferring the
data for IN endpoints from the memory. It is used for OUT endpoints to detect the short
packet. This is applicable to non-isochronous endpoints only. This field should be set to
the same MPS value that is assigned for the endpoint using the USBMaxPSize register.

13.15.4.6 DMA_buffer_length
This indicates the depth of the DMA buffer allocated for transferring the data. The DMA
engine will stop using this descriptor when this limit is reached and will look for the next
descriptor.
In Normal mode operation, software sets this value for both IN and OUT endpoints. In
ATLE mode operation, software sets this value for IN endpoints only. For OUT endpoints,
hardware sets this value using the extracted length of the data stream.
For isochronous endpoints, DMA_buffer_length is specified in number of packets, for
non-isochronous endpoints in bytes.

13.15.4.7 DMA_buffer_start_addr
The address where the data is read from or written to. This field is updated each time the
DMA engine finishes transferring a packet.

13.15.4.8 DD_retired
This bit is set by hardware when the DMA engine finishes the current descriptor. This
happens when the end of the buffer is reached, a short packet is transferred
(non-isochronous endpoints), or an error condition is detected.

13.15.4.9 DD_status
The status of the DMA transfer is encoded in this field. The following codes are defined:

NotServiced - No packet has been transferred yet.

BeingServiced - At least one packet is transferred.
NormalCompletion - The DD is retired because the end of the buffer is reached and
there were no errors. The DD_retired bit is also set.
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DataUnderrun - Before reaching the end of the DMA buffer, the USB transfer is
terminated because a short packet is received. The DD_retired bit is also set.

DataOverrun - The end of the DMA buffer is reached in the middle of a packet
transfer. This is an error situation. The DD_retired bit is set. The present DMA count
field is equal to the value of DMA_buffer_length. The packet must be re-transmitted
from the endpoint buffer in another DMA transfer. The corresponding
EPxx_DMA_ENABLE bit in USBEpDMASt is cleared.

SystemError - The DMA transfer being serviced is terminated because of an error on

the AHB bus. The DD_retired bit is not set in this case. The corresponding
EPxx_DMA_ENABLE in USBEpDMASt is cleared. Since a system error can happen
while updating the DD, the DD fields in RAM may be unreliable.

13.15.4.10 Packet_valid
This bit is used for isochronous endpoints. It indicates whether the last packet transferred
to the memory is received with errors or not. This bit is set if the packet is valid, i.e., it was
received without errors. See Section 13.15.6 Isochronous endpoint operation on page
362 for isochronous endpoint operation.
This bit is unnecessary for non-isochronous endpoints because a DMA request is
generated only for packets without errors, and thus Packet_valid will always be set when
the request is generated.

13.15.4.11 LS_byte_extracted
Used in ATLE mode. When set, this bit indicates that the Least Significant Byte (LSB) of
the transfer length has been extracted. The extracted size is reflected in the
DMA_buffer_length field, bits 23:16.

13.15.4.12 MS_byte_extracted
Used in ATLE mode. When set, this bit indicates that the Most Significant Byte (MSB) of
the transfer size has been extracted. The size extracted is reflected in the
DMA_buffer_length field, bits 31:24. Extraction stops when LS_Byte_extracted and
MS_byte_extracted bits are set.

13.15.4.13 Present_DMA_count
The number of bytes transferred by the DMA engine. The DMA engine updates this field
after completing each packet transfer.
For isochronous endpoints, Present_DMA_count is the number of packets transferred; for
non-isochronous endpoints, Present_DMA_count is the number of bytes.

13.15.4.14 Message_length_position
Used in ATLE mode. This field gives the offset of the message length position embedded
in the incoming data packets. This is applicable only for OUT endpoints. Offset 0 indicates
that the message length starts from the first byte of the first packet.

13.15.4.15 Isochronous_packetsize_memory_address
The memory buffer address where the packet size information along with the frame
number has to be transferred or fetched. See Figure 43. This is applicable to isochronous
endpoints only.
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13.15.5 Non-isochronous endpoint operation

13.15.5.1 Setting up DMA transfers
Software prepares the DMA Descriptors (DDs) for those physical endpoints to be enabled
for DMA transfer. These DDs are present in on-chip RAM. The start address of the first
DD is programmed into the DMA Description pointer (DDP) location for the corresponding
endpoint in the UDCA. Software then sets the EPxx_DMA_ENABLE bit for this endpoint in
the USBEpDMAEn register (Section 13.10.8.6).The DMA_mode bit field in the descriptor
is set to 00 for normal mode operation. All other DD fields are initialized as specified in
Table 320.
DMA operation is not supported for physical endpoints 0 and 1 (default control endpoints).

13.15.5.2 Finding DMA Descriptor

When there is a trigger for a DMA transfer for an endpoint, the DMA engine will first
determine whether a new descriptor has to the fetched or not. A new descriptor does not
have to be fetched if the last packet transferred was for the same endpoint and the DD is
not yet in the retired state. An internal flag called DMA_PROCEED is used to identify this
condition (see Section 13.15.5.4 Optimizing descriptor fetch on page 361).
If a new descriptor has to be read, the DMA engine will calculate the location of the DDP
for this endpoint and will fetch the start address of the DD from this location. A DD start
address at location zero is considered invalid. In this case the NDDR interrupt is raised.
All other word-aligned addresses are considered valid.
When the DD is fetched, the DD status word (word 3) is read first and the status of the
DD_retired bit is checked. If not set, DDP points to a valid DD. If DD_retired is set, the
DMA engine will read the control word (word 1) of the DD.
If Next_DD_valid bit is set, the DMA engine will fetch the Next_DD_pointer field (word 0)
of the DD and load it to the DDP. The new DDP is written to the UDCA area.
The full DD (4 words) will then be fetched from the address in the DDP. The DD will give
the details of the DMA transfer to be done. The DMA engine will load its hardware
resources with the information fetched from the DD (start address, DMA count etc.).
If Next_DD_valid is not set and DD_retired bit is set, the DMA engine raises the NDDR
interrupt for this endpoint and clears the corresponding EPxx_DMA_ENABLE bit.

13.15.5.3 Transferring the data

For OUT endpoints, the current packet is read from the EP_RAM by the DMA Engine and
transferred to on-chip RAM memory locations starting from DMA_buffer_start_addr. For
IN endpoints, the data is fetched from on-chip RAM at DMA_buffer_start_addr and written
to the EP_RAM. The DMA_buffer_start_addr and Present_DMA_count fields are updated
after each packet is transferred.

13.15.5.4 Optimizing descriptor fetch

A DMA transfer normally involves multiple packet transfers. Hardware will not re-fetch a
new DD from memory unless the endpoint changes. To indicate an ongoing multi-packet
transfer, hardware sets an internal flag called DMA_PROCEED.

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The DMA_PROCEED flag is cleared after the required number of bytes specified in the
DMA_buffer_length field is transferred. It is also cleared when the software writes into the
USBEpDMADis register. The ability to clear the DMA_PROCEED flag allows software to
to force the DD to be re-fetched for the next packet transfer. Writing all zeros into the
USBEpDMADis register clears the DMA_PROCEED flag without disabling DMA operation
for any endpoint.

13.15.5.5 Ending the packet transfer

On completing a packet transfer, the DMA engine writes back the DD with updated status
information to the same memory location from where it was read. The
DMA_buffer_start_addr, Present_DMA_count, and the DD_status fields in the DD are
updated.
A DD can have the following types of completion:
Normal completion - If the current packet is fully transferred and the
Present_DMA_count field equals the DMA_buffer_length, the DD has completed
normally. The DD will be written back to memory with DD_retired set and DD_status set
to NormalCompletion. The EOT interrupt is raised for this endpoint.
USB transfer end completion - If the current packet is fully transferred and its size is
less than the Max_packet_size field, and the end of the DMA buffer is still not reached,
the USB transfer end completion occurs. The DD will be written back to the memory
with DD_retired set and DD_Status set to the DataUnderrun completion code. The EOT
interrupt is raised for this endpoint.
Error completion - If the current packet is partially transferred i.e. the end of the DMA
buffer is reached in the middle of the packet transfer, an error situation occurs. The DD
is written back with DD_retired set and DD_status set to the DataOverrun status code.
The EOT interrupt is raised for this endpoint and the corresponding bit in USBEpDMASt
register is cleared. The packet will be re-sent from the endpoint buffer to memory when
the corresponding EPxx_DMA_ENABLE bit is set again using the USBEpDMAEn
register.

13.15.5.6 No_Packet DD
For an IN transfer, if the system does not have any data to send for a while, it can respond
to an NDDR interrupt by programming a No_Packet DD. This is done by setting both the
Max_packet_size and DMA_buffer_length fields in the DD to 0. On processing a
No_Packet DD, the DMA engine clears the DMA request bit in USBDMARSt
corresponding to the endpoint without transferring a packet. The DD is retired with a
status code of NormalCompletion. This can be repeated as often as necessary. The
device will respond to IN token packets on the USB bus with a NAK until a DD with a data
packet is programmed and the DMA transfers the packet into the endpoint buffer.

13.15.6 Isochronous endpoint operation

For isochronous endpoints, the packet size can vary for each packet. There is one packet
per isochronous endpoint for each frame.

13.15.6.1 Setting up DMA transfers

Software sets the isochronous endpoint bit to 1 in the DD, and programs the initial value of
the Isochronous_packetsize_memory_address field. All other fields are initialized the
same as for non-isochronous endpoints.
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For isochronous endpoints, the DMA_buffer_length and Present_DMA_count fields are in

frames rather than bytes.

13.15.6.2 Finding the DMA Descriptor

Finding the descriptors is done in the same way as that for a non-isochronous endpoint.
A DMA request will be placed for DMA-enabled isochronous endpoints on every FRAME
interrupt. On processing the request, the DMA engine will fetch the descriptor and if
Isochronous_endpoint is set, will fetch the Isochronous_packetsize_memory_address
from the fifth word of the DD.

13.15.6.3 Transferring the Data

The data is transferred to or from the memory location DMA_buffer_start_addr. After the
end of the packet transfer the Present_DMA_count value is incremented by 1.
The isochronous packet size is stored in memory as shown in Figure 43. Each word in the
packet size memory shown is divided into fields: Frame_number (bits 31 to 17),
Packet_valid (bit 16), and Packet_length (bits 15 to 0). The space allocated for the packet
size memory for a given DD should be DMA_buffer_length words in size one word for
each packet to transfer.
OUT endpoints

At the completion of each frame, the packet size is written to the address location in
Isochronous_packet_size_memory_address, and
Isochronous_packet_size_memory_address is incremented by 4.
IN endpoints

Only the Packet_length field of the isochronous packet size word is used. For each frame,
an isochronous data packet of size specified by this field is transferred from the USB
device to the host, and Isochronous_packet_size_memory_address is incremented by 4
at the end of the packet transfer. If Packet_length is zero, an empty packet will be sent by
the USB device.

13.15.6.4 DMA descriptor completion

DDs for isochronous endpoints can only end with a status code of NormalCompletion
since there is no short packet on Isochronous endpoints, and the USB transfer continues
indefinitely until a SystemError occurs. There is no DataOverrun detection for isochronous
endpoints.

13.15.6.5 Isochronous OUT Endpoint Operation Example

Assume that an isochronous endpoint is programmed for the transfer of 10 frames and
that the transfer begins when the frame number is 21. After transferring four frames with
packet sizes of 10,15, 8 and 20 bytes without errors, the descriptor and memory map
appear as shown in Figure 43.
The_total_number_of_bytes_transferred = 0x0A + 0x0F + 0x08 + 0x14 = 0x35.
The Packet_valid bit (bit 16) of all the words in the packet length memory is set to 1.

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Next_DD_Pointer
W0
NULL
DMA_buffer_length

W1

Max_packet_size

0x000A

Isochronous_endpoint

0x0

Next_DD_Valid

DMA_mode

DMA_buffer_start_addr

W2
0x80000000
Present_DMA_Count

ATLE settings

Packet_Valid

DD_Status

0x0

NA

NA

0x0

DD_Retired

W3
0

Isocronous_packetsize_memory_address

W4

0x60000000

after 4 packets

W0

0x0

W1

0x000A0010
FULL
0x80000035

W2
W3

0x4

- -

0x1

0
frame_ number Packet_Valid Packet_Length

W4

0x60000010

31

15

16
21
22
23
24

1
1
1
1

EMPTY

10
15
8
20
data memory

packet size memory

Fig 43. Isochronous OUT endpoint operation example

13.15.7 Auto Length Transfer Extraction (ATLE) mode operation

Some host drivers such as NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification) host drivers are
capable of concatenating small USB transfers (delta transfers) to form a single large USB
transfer. For OUT USB transfers, the device hardware has to break up this concatenated
transfer back into the original delta transfers and transfer them to separate DMA buffers.
This is achieved by setting the DMA mode to Auto Transfer Length Extraction (ATLE)
mode in the DMA descriptor. ATLE mode is supported for Bulk endpoints only.
OUT transfers in ATLE mode

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data to be sent

data in packets

data to be stored in

by host driver

as seen on USB

RAM by DMA engine

160 bytes
64 bytes

DMA_buffer_start_addr
of DD1

160 bytes
64 bytes

32 bytes
32 bytes
100 bytes
100 bytes
64 bytes

DMA_buffer_start_addr
of DD2

4 bytes

Fig 44. Data transfer in ATLE mode

Figure 44 shows a typical OUT USB transfer in ATLE mode, where the host concatenates
two USB transfers of 160 bytes and 100 bytes, respectively. Given a MaxPacketSize of
64, the device hardware interprets this USB transfer as four packets of 64 bytes and a
short packet of 4 bytes. The third and fourth packets are concatenated. Note that in
Normal mode, the USB transfer would be interpreted as packets of 64, 64, 32, and 64 and
36 bytes.
It is now the responsibility of the DMA engine to separate these two USB transfers and put
them in the memory locations in the DMA_buffer_start_addr field of DMA Descriptor 1
(DD1) and DMA Descriptor 2 (DD2).
Hardware reads the two-byte-wide DMA_buffer_length at the offset (from the start of the
USB transfer) specified by Message_length_position from the incoming data packets and
writes it in the DMA_buffer_length field of the DD. To ensure that both bytes of the
DMA_buffer_length are extracted in the event they are split between two packets, the
flags LS_byte_extracted and MS_byte_extracted are set by hardware after the respective
byte is extracted. After the extraction of the MS byte, the DMA transfer continues as in the
normal mode.
The flags LS_byte_extracted and MS_byte_extracted are set to 0 by software when
preparing a new DD. Therefore, once a DD is retired, the transfer length is extracted again
for the next DD.
If DD1 is retired during the transfer of a concatenated packet (such as the third packet in
Figure 44), and DD2 is not programmed (Next_DD_valid field of DD1 is 0), then DD1 is
retired with DD_status set to the DataOverrun status code. This is treated as an error
condition and the corresponding EPxx_DMA_ENABLE bit of USBEpDMASt is cleared by
hardware.

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In ATLE mode, the last buffer length to be transferred always ends with a short or empty
packet indicating the end of the USB transfer. If the concatenated transfer lengths are
such that the USB transfer ends on a MaxPacketSize packet boundary, the (NDIS) host
will send an empty packet to mark the end of the USB transfer.
IN transfers in ATLE mode

For IN USB transfers from the device to the host, DMA_buffer_length is set by the device
software as in normal mode.
In ATLE mode, the device concatenates data from multiple DDs to form a single USB
transfer. If a DD is retired in the middle of a packet (packet size is less than
MaxPacketSize), the next DD referenced by Next_DD_pointer is fetched, and the
remaining bytes to form a packet of MaxPacketSize are transferred from the next DDs
buffer.
If the next DD is not programmed (i.e. Next_DD_valid field in DD is 0), and the DMA buffer
length for the current DD has completed before the MaxPacketSize packet boundary, then
the available bytes from current DD are sent as a short packet on USB, which marks the
end of the USB transfer for the host.
If the last buffer length completes on a MaxPacketSize packet boundary, the device
software must program the next DD with DMA_buffer_length field 0, so that an empty
packet is sent by the device to mark the end of the USB transfer for the host.

13.15.7.1 Setting up the DMA transfer

For OUT endpoints, the host hardware needs to set the field Message_length_position in
the DD. This indicates the start location of the message length in the incoming data
packets. Also the device software has to set the DMA_buffer_length field to 0 for OUT
endpoints because this field is updated by the device hardware after the extraction of the
buffer length.
For IN endpoints, descriptors are set in the same way as in normal mode operation.
Since a single packet can be split between two DDs, software should always keep two
DDs ready, except for the last DMA transfer which ends with a short or empty packet.

13.15.7.2 Finding the DMA Descriptor

DMA descriptors are found in the same way as the normal mode operation.

13.15.7.3 Transferring the Data

OUT endpoints

If the LS_byte_extracted or MS_byte_extracted bit in the status field is not set, the
hardware will extract the transfer length from the data stream and program
DMA_buffer_length. Once the extraction is complete both the LS_byte_extracted and
MS_byte_extracted bits will be set.
IN endpoints

The DMA transfer proceeds as in normal mode and continues until the number of bytes
transferred equals the DMA_buffer_length.
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13.15.7.4 Ending the packet transfer

The DMA engine proceeds with the transfer until the number of bytes specified in the field
DMA_buffer_length is transferred to or from on-chip RAM. Then the EOT interrupt will be
generated. If this happens in the middle of the packet, the linked DD will get loaded and
the remaining part of the packet gets transferred to or from the address pointed by the
new DD.
OUT endpoints

If the linked DD is not valid and the packet is partially transferred to memory, the DD ends
with DataOverrun status code set, and the DMA will be disabled for this endpoint.
Otherwise DD_status will be updated with the NormalCompletion status code.
IN endpoints

If the linked DD is not valid and the packet is partially transferred to USB, the DD ends
with a status code of NormalCompletion in the DD_status field. This situation corresponds
to the end of the USB transfer, and the packet will be sent as a short packet. Also, when
the linked DD is valid and buffer length is 0, an empty packet will be sent to indicate the
end of the USB transfer.

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13.16 Double buffered endpoint operation

The Bulk and Isochronous endpoints of the USB Device Controller are double buffered to
increase data throughput.
When a double-buffered endpoint is realized, enough space for both endpoint buffers is
automatically allocated in the EP_RAM. See Section 13.10.5.1.
For the following discussion, the endpoint buffer currently accessible to the CPU or DMA
engine for reading or writing is said to be the active buffer.

13.16.1 Bulk endpoints

For Bulk endpoints, the active endpoint buffer is switched by the SIE Clear Buffer or
Validate Buffer commands.
The following example illustrates how double buffering works for a Bulk OUT endpoint in
Slave mode:
Assume that both buffer 1 (B_1) and buffer 2 (B_2) are empty, and that the active buffer is
B_1.
1. The host sends a data packet to the endpoint. The device hardware puts the packet
into B_1, and generates an endpoint interrupt.
2. Software clears the endpoint interrupt and begins reading the packet data from B_1.
While B_1 is still being read, the host sends a second packet, which device hardware
places in B_2, and generates an endpoint interrupt.
3. Software is still reading from B_1 when the host attempts to send a third packet. Since
both B_1 and B_2 are full, the device hardware responds with a NAK.
4. Software finishes reading the first packet from B_1 and sends a SIE Clear Buffer
command to free B_1 to receive another packet. B_2 becomes the active buffer.
5. Software sends the SIE Select Endpoint command to read the Select Endpoint
Register and test the FE bit. Software finds that the active buffer (B_2) has data
(FE=1). Software clears the endpoint interrupt and begins reading the contents of
B_2.
6. The host re-sends the third packet which device hardware places in B_1. An endpoint
interrupt is generated.
7. Software finishes reading the second packet from B_2 and sends a SIE Clear Buffer
command to free B_2 to receive another packet. B_1 becomes the active buffer.
Software waits for the next endpoint interrupt to occur (it already has been generated
back in step 6).
8. Software responds to the endpoint interrupt by clearing it and begins reading the third
packet from B_1.
9. Software finishes reading the third packet from B_1 and sends a SIE Clear Buffer
command to free B_1 to receive another packet. B_2 becomes the active buffer.
10. Software tests the FE bit and finds that the active buffer (B_2) is empty (FE=0).
11. Both B_1 and B_2 are empty. Software waits for the next endpoint interrupt to occur.
The active buffer is now B_2. The next data packet sent by the host will be placed in
B_2.
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The following example illustrates how double buffering works for a Bulk IN endpoint in
Slave mode:
Assume that both buffer 1 (B_1) and buffer 2 (B_2) are empty and that the active buffer is
B_1. The interrupt on NAK feature is enabled.
1. The host requests a data packet by sending an IN token packet. The device responds
with a NAK and generates an endpoint interrupt.
2. Software clears the endpoint interrupt. The device has three packets to send.
Software fills B_1 with the first packet and sends a SIE Validate Buffer command. The
active buffer is switched to B_2.
3. Software sends the SIE Select Endpoint command to read the Select Endpoint
Register and test the FE bit. It finds that B_2 is empty (FE=0) and fills B_2 with the
second packet. Software sends a SIE Validate Buffer command, and the active buffer
is switched to B_1.
4. Software waits for the endpoint interrupt to occur.
5. The device successfully sends the packet in B_1 and clears the buffer. An endpoint
interrupt occurs.
6. Software clears the endpoint interrupt. Software fills B_1 with the third packet and
validates it using the SIE Validate Buffer command. The active buffer is switched to
B_2.
7. The device successfully sends the second packet from B_2 and generates an
endpoint interrupt.
8. Software has no more packets to send, so it simply clears the interrupt.
9. The device successfully sends the third packet from B_1 and generates an endpoint
interrupt.
10. Software has no more packets to send, so it simply clears the interrupt.
11. Both B_1 and B_2 are empty, and the active buffer is B_2. The next packet written by
software will go into B_2.
In DMA mode, switching of the active buffer is handled automatically in hardware. For
Bulk IN endpoints, proactively filling an endpoint buffer to take advantage of the double
buffering can be accomplished by manually starting a packet transfer using the
USBDMARSet register.

13.16.2 Isochronous endpoints

For isochronous endpoints, the active data buffer is switched by hardware when the
FRAME interrupt occurs. The SIE Clear Buffer and Validate Buffer commands do not
cause the active buffer to be switched.
Double buffering allows the software to make full use of the frame interval writing or
reading a packet to or from the active buffer, while the packet in the other buffer is being
sent or received on the bus.
For an OUT isochronous endpoint, any data not read from the active buffer before the end
of the frame is lost when it switches.

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Chapter 13: LPC178x/7x USB device controller

For an IN isochronous endpoint, if the active buffer is not validated before the end of the
frame, an empty packet is sent on the bus when the active buffer is switched, and its
contents will be overwritten when it becomes active again.

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Chapter 14: LPC178x/7x USB Host controller
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14.1 How to read this chapter

This chapter describes the USB host controller which is present on some LPC178x/177x
devices (see Section 1.4 for details). On these devices, the USB controller can be
configured for device, Host, or OTG operation.

14.2 Basic configuration

The USB controller is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCUSB.
Remark: On reset, the USB block is disabled (PCUSB = 0).

2. Clock: The USB block can be used with the Alt PLL (PLL1) to obtain the USB clock or
with the Main PLL (PLL0). See Section 4.5.2.
3. Pins: Select USB pins and their modes in the relevant IOCON registers
(Section 8.4.1).
4. Wake-up: Activity on the USB bus port can wake up the microcontroller from
Power-down mode, see Section 4.7.9.
5. Interrupts: Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set
Enable register.
6. Initialization: see Section 15.11.

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Chapter 14: LPC178x/7x USB Host controller

14.3 Introduction
This section describes the host portion of the USB 2.0 OTG dual role core which
integrates the host controller (OHCI compliant), device controller, and I2C interface. The
I2C interface controls the external OTG ATX.
The USB is a 4 wire bus that supports communication between a host and a number (127
max.) of peripherals. The host controller allocates the USB bandwidth to attached devices
through a token based protocol. The bus supports hot plugging, un-plugging and dynamic
configuration of the devices. All transactions are initiated by the host controller.
The host controller enables data exchange with various USB devices attached to the bus.
It consists of register interface, serial interface engine and DMA controller. The register
interface complies to the OHCI specification.
Table 321. USB (OHCI) related acronyms and abbreviations used in this chapter
Acronym/abbreviation

Description

AHB

Advanced High-Performance Bus

ATX

Analog Transceiver

DMA

Direct Memory Access

FS

Full Speed

LS

Low Speed

OHCI

Open Host Controller Interface

USB

Universal Serial Bus

14.3.1 Features
OHCI compliant.
OpenHCI specifies the operation and interface of the USB Host Controller and SW
Driver
USBOperational: Process Lists and generate SOF Tokens.
USBReset: Forces reset signaling on the bus, SOF disabled.
USBSuspend: Monitor USB for wake-up activity.
USBResume: Forces resume signaling on the bus.

The Host Controller has four USB states visible to the SW Driver.
HCCA register points to Interrupt and Isochronous Descriptors List.
ControlHeadED and BulkHeadED registers point to Control and Bulk Descriptors List.

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Chapter 14: LPC178x/7x USB Host controller

14.3.2 Architecture
The architecture of the USB host controller is shown below in Figure 45.

register
interface
(AHB slave)

REGISTER
INTERFACE

U1
port
USB
ATX

AHB bus

port 1
DMA interface
(AHB master)

HOST
CONTROLLER

port 2

BUS
MASTER
INTERFACE

ATX
CONTROL
LOGIC/
PORT
MUX

USB
ATX
U2
port

USB HOST BLOCK

Fig 45. USB Host controller block diagram

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Chapter 14: LPC178x/7x USB Host controller

14.4 Interfaces
The OTG controller has two USB ports indicated by suffixes 1 and 2 in the USB pin names
and referred to as USB port 1 (U1) and USB port 2 (U2) in the following text.

14.4.1 Pin description

Table 322. USB OTG port pins
Pin name

Direction

VBUS

Description

Pin category

VBUS status input. When this function is not enabled

via its corresponding IOCON register, it is driven
HIGH internally.

USB Connector

Port U1

USB_D+1

I/O

Positive differential data

USB Connector

USB_D1

I/O

Negative differential data

USB Connector

USB_CONNECT1

SoftConnect control signal

Control

USB_UP_LED1

GoodLink LED control signal

Control

USB_INT1

OTG ATX interrupt

External OTG transceiver

I/O

I2C

serial clock

External OTG transceiver

USB_SDA1

I/O

I2C

serial data

USB_TX_E1

Transmit enable

External OTG transceiver

USB_TX_DP1

D+ transmit data

External OTG transceiver

USB_TX_DM1

D transmit data

External OTG transceiver

USB_SCL1

External OTG transceiver

USB_RCV1

Differential receive data

External OTG transceiver

USB_RX_DP1

D+ receive data

External OTG transceiver

USB_RX_DM1

D receive data

External OTG transceiver

USB_LS1

Low speed status (applies to host functionality only)

External OTG transceiver

USB_SSPND1

Bus suspend status

External OTG transceiver

USB_PPWR1

Port power enable

Host power switch

USB_PWRD1

Port power status

Host power switch

USB_OVRCR1

Over-current status

Host power switch

USB_HSTEN1

Host enabled status

USB_D+2

I/O

Positive differential data

USB Connector

USB_D2

I/O

Negative differential data

USB Connector

Port U2

USB_CONNECT2

SoftConnect control signal

Control

USB_UP_LED2

GoodLink LED control signal

Control

USB_PPWR2

Port power enable

Host power switch

USB_PWRD2

Port power status

Host power switch

USB_OVRCR2

Over-current status

Host power switch

USB_HSTEN2

Host enabled status

Control

14.4.1.1 USB host usage note

Both ports can be configured as USB hosts. For details on how to connect the USB ports,
see the USB OTG chapter, Section 15.7.
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Chapter 14: LPC178x/7x USB Host controller

The USB device/host/OTG controller is disabled after RESET and must be enabled by
writing a 1 to the PCUSB bit in the PCONP register, see Table 37.

14.4.2 Software interface

The software interface of the USB host block consists of a register view and the format
definitions for the endpoint descriptors. For details on these two aspects see the OHCI
specification. The register map is shown in the next subsection.

14.4.2.1 Register map

The following registers are located in the AHB clock cclk domain. They can be accessed
directly by the processor. All registers are 32 bits wide and aligned in the word address
boundaries.
Table 323. USB Host register address definitions
Address

R/W[1]

Reset
value

BCD representation of the version of the HCI specification that is

implemented by the Host Controller.

0x2008 C000

0x10

HcControl

Defines the operating modes of the HC.

0x2008 C004

R/W

HcCommandStatus

This register is used to receive the commands from the Host

Controller Driver (HCD). It also indicates the status of the HC.

0x2008 C008

R/W

HcInterruptStatus

Indicates the status on various events that cause hardware

interrupts by setting the appropriate bits.

0x2008 C00C

R/W

HcInterruptEnable

Controls the bits in the HcInterruptStatus register and indicates

which events will generate a hardware interrupt.

0x2008 C010

R/W

HcInterruptDisable

The bits in this register are used to disable corresponding bits in

the HCInterruptStatus register and in turn disable that event
leading to hardware interrupt.

0x2008 C014

R/W

HcHCCA

Contains the physical address of the host controller

communication area.

0x2008 C018

R/W

HcPeriodCurrentED

Contains the physical address of the current isochronous or

interrupt endpoint descriptor.

0x2008 C01C

HcControlHeadED

Contains the physical address of the first endpoint descriptor of

the control list.

0x2008 C020

R/W

HcControlCurrentED

Contains the physical address of the current endpoint descriptor of

the control list

0x2008 C024

R/W

HcBulkHeadED

Contains the physical address of the first endpoint descriptor of

the bulk list.

0x2008 C028

R/W

HcBulkCurrentED

Contains the physical address of the current endpoint descriptor of 0x2008 C02C
the bulk list.

R/W

HcDoneHead

Contains the physical address of the last transfer descriptor added

to the Done queue.

0x2008 C030

HcFmInterval

Defines the bit time interval in a frame and the full speed
maximum packet size which would not cause an overrun.

0x2008 C034

R/W

0x2EDF

HcFmRemaining

A 14-bit counter showing the bit time remaining in the current

frame.

0x2008 C038

HcFmNumber

Contains a 16-bit counter and provides the timing reference

among events happening in the HC and the HCD.

0x2008 C03C

Name

Function

HcRevision

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Chapter 14: LPC178x/7x USB Host controller

Table 323. USB Host register address definitions continued

Address

R/W[1]

Reset
value

Contains a programmable 14-bit value which determines the

earliest time HC should start processing a periodic list.

0x2008 C040

R/W

HcLSThreshold

Contains 11-bit value which is used by the HC to determine

whether to commit to transfer a maximum of 8-byte LS packet
before EOF.

0x2008 C044

R/W

0x628h

HcRhDescriptorA

First of the two registers which describes the characteristics of the

root hub.

0x2008 C048

R/W

0xFF00
0902

HcRhDescriptorB

Second of the two registers which describes the characteristics of

the Root Hub.

0x2008 C04C

R/W

0x6000
0h

HcRhStatus

This register is divided into two parts. The lower D-word

represents the hub status field and the upper word represents the
hub status change field.

0x2008 C050

R/W

HcRhPortStatus[1]

Controls and reports the port events on a per-port basis.

0x2008 C054

R/W

Name

Function

HcPeriodicStart

HcRhPortStatus[2]

Controls and reports the port events on a per port basis.

0x2008 C058

R/W

Module_ID/
Ver_Rev_ID

IP number, where yy (0x00) is unique version number and zz

(0x00) is a unique revision number.

0x2008 C0FC

0x3505
yyzz

[1]

The R/W column lists the accessibility of the register:

a) Registers marked R for access will return their current value when read.
b) Registers marked R/W allow both read and write.

14.4.2.2 USB Host Register Definitions

Refer to the OHCI specification document on the Compaq website for register definitions.

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Chapter 15: LPC178x/7x USB OTG controller
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15.1 How to read this chapter

This chapter describes the USB OTG controller which is present on some LPC178x/177x
devices (see Section 1.4 for details). On these devices, the USB controller can be
configured for device, Host, or OTG operation.

15.2 Basic configuration

The USB controller is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCUSB.
Remark: On reset, the USB block is disabled (PCUSB = 0).

2. Clock: The USB clock can generated using the Alt PLL (PLL1) or with the Main PLL
(PLL0). See Section 4.5.2.
3. Pins: Select USB pins and their modes in the relevant IOCON registers
(Section 8.4.1).
4. Wake-up: Activity on the USB bus port can wake up the microcontroller from
Power-down mode (see Section 15.10.2 and Section 4.7.9).
5. Interrupts: Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set
Enable register.
6. Initialization: see Section 15.11.

15.3 Introduction
This chapter describes the OTG and I2C portions of the USB 2.0 OTG dual role device
controller which integrates the (OHCI) host controller, device controller, and I2C. The I2C
interface that is part of the USB block is intended to control an external OTG transceiver,
and is not the same as the I2C peripherals described in Section 22.1.
USB OTG (On-The-Go) is a supplement to the USB 2.0 specification that augments the
capability of existing mobile devices and USB peripherals by adding host functionality for
connection to USB peripherals. The specification and more information on USB OTG can
be found on the USB Implementers Forum web site.

15.4 Features
Fully compliant with On-The-Go supplement to the USB 2.0 Specification, Revision
1.0a.

Hardware support for Host Negotiation Protocol (HNP).

Includes a programmable timer required for HNP and SRP.
Supports any OTG transceiver compliant with the OTG Transceiver Specification
(CEA-2011), Rev. 1.0.

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Chapter 15: LPC178x/7x USB OTG controller

15.5 Architecture
The architecture of the USB OTG controller is shown below in the block diagram.
The host, device, OTG, and I2C controllers can be programmed through the register
interface. The OTG controller enables dynamic switching between host and device roles
through the HNP protocol. One port may be connected to an external OTG transceiver to
support an OTG connection. The communication between the register interface and an
external OTG transceiver is handled through an I2C interface and through the external
OTG transceiver interrupt signal.
For USB connections that use the device or host controller only (not OTG), the ports use
an embedded USB Analog Transceiver (ATX).

OTG
TRANSCEIVER

register
interface
(AHB slave)

I2C
CONTROLLER
REGISTER
INTERFACE

U1
port

AHB bus

OTG
CONTROLLER

DMA interface
(AHB master)

ATX
port 1 CONTROL
LOGIC/
PORT
MUX
port 1

DEVICE
CONTROLLER

BUS
MASTER
INTERFACE

USB
ATX

HOST
CONTROLLER

USB
ATX

port 2

U2
port

USB OTG BLOCK

EP_RAM

Fig 46. USB OTG controller block diagram

15.6 Modes of operation

The OTG controller is capable of operating in the following modes:

One dual-role OTG port and optionally another Host port (see Figure 47 and
Figure 48)

Two Host ports (see Figure 49)

One Host port and one Device port (see Figure 50)

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15.7 Pin configuration

The OTG controller has two USB ports indicated by suffixes 1 and 2 in the USB pin names
and referred to as USB port 1 (U1) and USB port 2 (U2) in the following text.
Table 324. USB OTG port 1 pins
Pin name

Direction

Description

Pin category

VBUS

VBUS status input. When this function is not enabled via its
corresponding IOCON register, it is driven HIGH internally.

USB Connector

USB_D+1

I/O

Positive differential data

USB Connector

USB_D1

I/O

Negative differential data

USB Connector

Port U1

USB_CONNECT1

SoftConnect control signal

Control

USB_UP_LED1

GoodLink LED control signal

Control

USB_INT1

OTG ATX interrupt

External OTG transceiver

I/O

I2C

serial clock

External OTG transceiver

serial data

External OTG transceiver

USB_SCL1
USB_SDA1

I/O

I2C

USB_TX_E1

Transmit enable

External OTG transceiver

USB_TX_DP1

D+ transmit data

External OTG transceiver

USB_TX_DM1

D transmit data

External OTG transceiver

USB_RCV1

Differential receive data

External OTG transceiver

USB_RX_DP1

D+ receive data

External OTG transceiver

USB_RX_DM1

D receive data

External OTG transceiver

USB_LS1

Low speed status (applies to host functionality only)

External OTG transceiver

USB_SSPND1

Bus suspend status

External OTG transceiver

USB_PPWR1

Port power enable

Host power switch

USB_PWRD1

Port power status

Host power switch

USB_OVRCR1

Over-current status

Host power switch

USB_HSTEN1

Host enabled status

USB_D+2

I/O

Positive differential data

USB Connector

USB_D2

I/O

Negative differential data

USB Connector

Port U2

USB_CONNECT2

SoftConnect control signal

Control

USB_UP_LED2

GoodLink LED control signal

Control

USB_PPWR2

Port power enable

Host power switch

USB_PWRD2

Port power status

Host power switch

USB_OVRCR2

Over-current status

Host power switch

USB_HSTEN2

Host enabled status

Control

15.7.1 Using port U1 for OTG operation

The following figures show different ways to realize connections to a USB device using
ports U1 and U2. The example described here uses an ISP1302 (ST-Ericsson) for the
external OTG transceiver and the USB Host power switch LM3526-L (National
Semiconductors). There are two ways to connect the OTG transceiver:
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Chapter 15: LPC178x/7x USB OTG controller

1. Use the internal USB transceiver for USB signalling and use the external OTG
transceiver for OTG functionality only (see Figure 47). This option uses the internal
transceiver in VP/VM mode.
2. Use the external OTG transceiver in VP/VM mode for OTG functionality and USB
signalling (see Figure 48).
In both cases port U2 is connected as a host. Solution one uses fewer pins.

VDD

R1

R2

R3

RSTOUT

R4

RESET_N

VBUS

ADR/PSW

ID

OE_N/INT_N

VDD

SPEED
SUSPEND
R4

R5

DP

33

DM

33

ISP1302

R6

VSS

SCL

USB_SCL1

Mini-AB
connector

SDA

USB_SDA1
USB_INT1

INT_N

USB_D+1
USB_D-1
VDD
USB_UP_LED1

Microcontroller

R7

5V

VDD
IN

USB_PPWR2

ENA

LM3526-L

OUTA
FLAGA

USB_OVRCR2

VBUS

USB_PWRD2
USB_D+2

33

USB_D-2

33

D+

USB-A
connector

D15
k

VSS

15
k

VDD
USB_UP_LED2

R8

002aac708

Fig 47. USB OTG port configuration: port U1 OTG dual-role device, port U2 host

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VDD

RSTOUT

RESET_N
OE_N/INT_N

USB_TX_E1
USB_TX_DP1

DAT_VP

USB_TX_DM1

SE0_VM
RCV

USB_RCV1
USB_RX_DP1

VP

VBUS

USB_RX_DM1

VM

ID

VDD

ISP1302
Microcontroller
ADR/PSW

DP

33

DM

33

USB MINI-AB
connector

VSS

SPEED
SUSPEND

USB_SCL1

SCL

USB_SDA1

SDA
INT_N

USB_INT1
VDD
USB_UP_LED1

002aac711

Fig 48. USB OTG port configuration: VP_VM mode

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Chapter 15: LPC178x/7x USB OTG controller

15.7.2 Using both ports U1 and U2 for host operation

Both ports U1 and U2 are connected as hosts using an embedded USB transceiver. There
is no OTG functionality on the port.

VDD
USB_UP_LED1

USB_D+1

33

D+

USB_D-1

33

D15
k

15
k

VBUS

USB_PWRD1

VSS

USB_OVRCR1
USB_PPWR1

FLAGA

ENA

OUTA

5V
IN

Microcontroller

USB-A
connector

VDD

USB_PPWR2

LM3526-L

ENB

VDD

OUTB
FLAGB

USB_OVRCR2
VBUS

USB_PWRD2

USB_D+2

33

D+

USB_D-2

33

D15
k

USB-A
connector

VSS

15
k

VDD
USB_UP_LED2
002aac709

Fig 49. USB host port configuration: port U1 and U2 as hosts

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15.7.3 Using U1 for host operation and U2 for device operation

Port U2 is connected as device, and port U1 is connected as host. Both ports use
embedded USB transceivers. There is no OTG functionality on either USB port.

VDD
USB_UP_LED1

USB_D+1

33

D+

USB_D-1

33

D15
k

15
k

USB-A
connector

VDD
VBUS

USB_PWRD1
USB_OVRCR1

VSS

USB_PPWR1

FLAGA

ENA
5V
IN

LM3526-L

OUTA

Microcontroller
VDD
USB_UP_LED2

VDD
USB_CONNECT2

USB_D+2

33

D+

USB_D-2

33

D-

VBUS

USB-B
connector

VBUS
VSS

002aac710

Fig 50. USB device port configuration: port U1 host and port U2 device

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15.8 Register description

The OTG and I2C registers are summarized in the following table.
The Device and Host registers are explained in Table 256 and Table 323 in the USB
Device Controller and USB Host (OHCI) Controller chapters. All registers are 32 bits wide
and aligned to word address boundaries.
Table 325. USB OTG and I2C register address definitions
Name

Description

Access

Reset value

Address

Table

R/W

0x8000 0100

0x400F C1C0

326

Interrupt register

USBIntSt

USB Interrupt Status

OTG registers

OTGIntSt

OTG Interrupt Status

RO

0x2008 C100

327

OTGIntEn

OTG Interrupt Enable

R/W

0x2008 C104

327

OTGIntSet

OTG Interrupt Set

WO

NA

0x2008 C108

327

OTGIntClr

OTG Interrupt Clear

WO

NA

0x2008 C10C

327

OTGStCtrl[1]

OTG Status and Control

R/W

0x2008 C110

328

OTGTmr

OTG Timer

R/W

0xFFFF

0x2008 C114

329

I2C_RX

I2C Receive

RO

NA

0x2008 C300

332

I2C_TX

I2C

WO

NA

0x2008 C300

333

I2C_STS

I2C Status

RO

0x0A00

0x2008 C304

334

I2C_CTL

I2C Control

R/W

0x2008 C308

335

I2C_CLKHI

I2C

Clock High

R/W

0xB9

0x2008 C30C

336

I2C_CLKLO

I2C

Clock Low

WO

0xB9

0x2008 C310

337

I2C registers

Transmit

Clock control registers

OTGClkCtrl

OTG clock controller

R/W

0x2008 CFF4

330

OTGClkSt

OTG clock status

RO

0x2008 CFF8

331

[1]

Bits 0 and 1 of this register are used to control the routing of the USB pins to ports 1 and 2 in device-only
applications (see Section 13.10.1).

15.8.1 USB Interrupt Status Register (USBIntSt - 0x2008 C1C0)

The USB OTG controller has seven interrupt lines. The interrupt lines are ORed together
to a single channel of the vectored interrupt controller. This register allows software to
determine their status with a single read operation.
Table 326. USB Interrupt Status register - (USBIntSt - address 0x2008 C1C0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

USB_INT_REQ_LP

Low priority interrupt line status. This bit is read-only.

USB_INT_REQ_HP

High priority interrupt line status. This bit is read-only.

USB_INT_REQ_DMA

DMA interrupt line status. This bit is read-only.

USB_HOST_INT

USB host interrupt line status. This bit is read-only.

USB_ATX_INT

External ATX interrupt line status. This bit is read-only.

USB_OTG_INT

OTG interrupt line status. This bit is read-only.

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Table 326. USB Interrupt Status register - (USBIntSt - address 0x2008 C1C0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

USB_I2C_INT

I2C module interrupt line status. This bit is read-only.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

USB_NEED_CLK

USB need clock indicator. This bit is read-only.

30:9

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31

EN_USB_INTS

Enable all USB interrupts. When this bit is cleared, the NVIC does not see the
ORed output of the USB interrupt lines.

15.8.2 OTG Interrupt Status Register (OTGIntSt - 0x2008 C100)

Bits in this register are set by hardware when the interrupt event occurs during the HNP
handoff sequence. See Section 15.9 for more information on when these bits are set.
Table 327. OTG Interrupt Status register (OTGIntSt - address 0x2008 C100) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

0
1

TMR

Timer time-out.

REMOVE_PU

Remove pull-up. This bit is set by hardware to indicate that software needs to
disable the D+ pull-up resistor.

HNP_FAILURE

HNP failed. This bit is set by hardware to indicate that the HNP switching has
failed.

HNP_SUCCESS

HNP succeeded. This bit is set by hardware to indicate that the HNP switching
has succeeded.

31:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

15.8.3 OTG Interrupt Enable Register (OTGIntEn - 0x2008 C104)

Writing a one to a bit in this register enables the corresponding bit in OTGIntSt to generate
an interrupt on one of the interrupt lines. The interrupt is routed to the USB_OTG_INT
interrupt line in the USBIntSt register.
The bit allocation and reset value of OTGIntEn is the same as OTGIntSt.

15.8.4 OTG Interrupt Set Register (OTGIntSet - 0x2008 C20C)

Writing a one to a bit in this register will set the corresponding bit in the OTGIntSt register.
Writing a zero has no effect. The bit allocation of OTGIntSet is the same as in OTGIntSt.

15.8.5 OTG Interrupt Clear Register (OTGIntClr - 0x2008 C10C)

Writing a one to a bit in this register will clear the corresponding bit in the OTGIntSt
register. Writing a zero has no effect. The bit allocation of OTGIntClr is the same as in
OTGIntSt.

15.8.6 OTG Status and Control Register (OTGStCtrl - 0x2008 C110)

The OTGStCtrl register allows enabling hardware tracking during the HNP hand over
sequence, controlling the OTG timer, monitoring the timer count, and controlling the
functions mapped to port U1 and U2.
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Time critical events during the switching sequence are controlled by the OTG timer. The
timer can operate in two modes:
1. Monoshot mode: an interrupt is generated at the end of TIMEOUT_CNT (see
Section 15.8.7 OTG Timer Register (OTGTmr - 0x2008 C114)), the TMR bit is set in
OTGIntSt, and the timer will be disabled.
2. Free running mode: an interrupt is generated at the end of TIMEOUT_CNT (see
Section 15.8.7 OTG Timer Register (OTGTmr - 0x2008 C114)), the TMR bit is set,
and the timer value is reloaded into the counter. The timer is not disabled in this
mode.
Table 328. OTG Status Control register (OTGStCtrl - address 0x2008 C110) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

1:0

PORT_FUNC

Controls connection of USB functions (see Figure 51). Bit 0 is set or cleared by hardware when B_HNP_TRACK or A_HNP_TRACK is set and HNP succeeds. See Section 15.9.
00: U1 = device (OTG), U2 = host
01: U1 = host (OTG), U2 = host
10: Reserved
11: U1 = host, U2 = device

3:2

TMR_SCALE

Timer scale selection. This field determines the duration of each timer count.
00: 10 s (100 KHz)
01: 100 s (10 KHz)
10: 1000 s (1 KHz)
11: Reserved

TMR_MODE

Timer mode selection.

0: monoshot
1: free running
5

TMR_EN

Timer enable. When set, TMR_CNT increments. When cleared, TMR_CNT is reset to 0. 0

TMR_RST

Timer reset. Writing one to this bit resets TMR_CNT to 0. This provides a single bit
control for the software to restart the timer when the timer is enabled.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

B_HNP_TRACK

Enable HNP tracking for B-device (peripheral), see Section 15.9. Hardware clears this bit 0
when HNP_SUCCESS or HNP_FAILURE is set.

A_HNP_TRACK

Enable HNP tracking for A-device (host), see Section 15.9. Hardware clears this bit
when HNP_SUCCESS or HNP_FAILURE is set.

10

PU_REMOVED

When the B-device changes its role from peripheral to host, software sets this bit when it 0
removes the D+ pull-up, see Section 15.9. Hardware clears this bit when
HNP_SUCCESS or HNP_FAILURE is set.

15:11 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:16 TMR_CNT

Current timer count value.

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OTGStCtrl

PORT_FUNC[0] = 0

PORT_FUNC[1] = 0

port1

DEVICE
CONTROLLER

U1

U2
port1
HOST
CONTROLLER

port2

Fig 51. Port selection for PORT_FUNC bit 0 = 0 and PORT_FUNC bit 1 = 0

15.8.7 OTG Timer Register (OTGTmr - 0x2008 C114)

Table 329. OTG Timer register (OTGTmr - address 0x2008 C114) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

15:0

TIMEOUT_CNT

The TMR interrupt is set when TMR_CNT reaches this value.

0xFFFF

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:16 -

15.8.8 OTG Clock Control Register (OTGClkCtrl - 0x2008 CFF4)

This register controls the clocking of the OTG controller. Whenever software wants to
access the registers, the corresponding clock control bit needs to be set. The software
does not have to repeat this exercise for every register access, provided that the
corresponding OTGClkCtrl bits are already set.
Table 330. OTG clock control register (OTGClkCtrl - address 0x2008 CFF4) bit description
Bit

Symbol

HOST_CLK_EN

Value

Host clock enable

Disable the Host clock.

Enable the Host clock.

Disable the Device clock.

Enable the Device clock.

Device clock enable

I2C clock enable

I2C_CLK_EN

I2C

Disable the

Enable the I2C clock.

OTG_CLK_EN

User manual

Reset
Value

0
DEV_CLK_EN

UM10470

Description

clock.

OTG clock enable

0

Disable the OTG clock.

Enable the OTG clock.

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Table 330. OTG clock control register (OTGClkCtrl - address 0x2008 CFF4) bit description
Bit

Symbol

AHB_CLK_EN

31:5

Value

Description

Reset
Value

AHB master clock enable

Disable the AHB clock.

Enable the AHB clock.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

15.8.9 OTG Clock Status Register (OTGClkSt - 0x2008 CFF8)

This register holds the clock availability status. When enabling a clock via OTGClkCtrl,
software should poll the corresponding bit in this register. If it is set, then software can go
ahead with the register access. Software does not have to repeat this exercise for every
access, provided that the OTGClkCtrl bits are not disturbed.
Table 331. OTG clock status register (OTGClkSt - address 0x2008 CFF8) bit description
Bit

Symbol

HOST_CLK_ON

31:5

Value

Reset
Value

Host clock status.

Host clock is not available.

Host clock is available.

Device clock is not available.

Device clock is available.

DEV_CLK_ON

Device clock status.

I2C clock status.

I2C_CLK_ON
0

I2C

I2C clock is available.

OTG_CLK_ON

clock is not available.

OTG clock status.

0

OTG clock is not available.

OTG clock is available.

AHB_CLK_ON

Description

AHB master clock status.

0

AHB clock is not available.

AHB clock is available.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

15.8.10 I2C Receive Register (I2C_RX - 0x2008 C300)

This register is the top byte of the receive FIFO. The receive FIFO is 4 bytes deep. The Rx
FIFO is flushed by a hard reset or by a soft reset (I2C_CTL bit 7). Reading an empty FIFO
gives unpredictable data results.
Table 332. I2C Receive register (I2C_RX - address 0x2008 C300) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

7:0

RX Data

Receive data.

15.8.11 I2C Transmit Register (I2C_TX - 0x2008 C300)

This register is the top byte of the transmit FIFO. The transmit FIFO is 4 bytes deep.
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The Tx FIFO is flushed by a hard reset, soft reset (I2C_CTL bit 7) or if an arbitration failure
occurs (I2C_STS bit 3). Data writes to a full FIFO are ignored.
I2C_TX must be written for both write and read operations to transfer each byte. Bits [7:0]
are ignored for master-receive operations. The master-receiver must write a dummy byte
to the TX FIFO for each byte it expects to receive in the RX FIFO. When the STOP bit is
set or the START bit is set to cause a RESTART condition on a byte written to the TX
FIFO (master-receiver), then the byte read from the slave is not acknowledged. That is,
the last byte of a master-receive operation is not acknowledged.
Table 333. I2C Transmit register (I2C_TX - address 0x2008 C300) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

7:0

TX Data

Transmit data.

START

When 1, issue a START condition before transmitting this byte.

STOP

When 1, issue a STOP condition after transmitting this byte.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

31:10 -

15.8.12 I2C Status Register (I2C_STS - 0x2008 C304)

The I2C_STS register provides status information on the TX and RX blocks as well as the
current state of the external buses. Individual bits are enabled as interrupts by the
I2C_CTL register and routed to the I2C_USB_INT bit in USBIntSt.
Table 334. I2C status register (I2C_STS - address 0x2008 C304) bit description
Bit

Symbol Value Description

TDI

Transaction Done Interrupt. This flag is set if a transaction completes successfully. It is

0
cleared by writing a one to bit 0 of the status register. It is unaffected by slave transactions.
0

Transaction has not completed.

Transaction completed.

AFI

Arbitration Failure Interrupt. When transmitting, if the SDA is low when SDAOUT is high,
then this I2C has lost the arbitration to another device on the bus. The Arbitration Failure
bit is set when this happens. It is cleared by writing a one to bit 1 of the status register.
0
1

NAI

User manual

No arbitration failure on last transmission.

Arbitration failure occurred on last transmission.
No Acknowledge Interrupt. After every byte of data is sent, the transmitter expects an
acknowledge from the receiver. This bit is set if the acknowledge is not received. It is
cleared when a byte is written to the master TX FIFO.

Last transmission received an acknowledge.

Last transmission did not receive an acknowledge.

DRMI

UM10470

Reset
Value

Master Data Request Interrupt. Once a transmission is started, the transmitter must have
data to transmit as long as it isnt followed by a stop condition or it will hold SCL low until
more data is available. The Master Data Request bit is set when the master transmitter is
data-starved. If the master TX FIFO is empty and the last byte did not have a STOP
condition flag, then SCL is held low until the CPU writes another byte to transmit. This bit
is cleared when a byte is written to the master TX FIFO.
0

Master transmitter does not need data.

Master transmitter needs data.

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Table 334. I2C status register (I2C_STS - address 0x2008 C304) bit description
Bit

Symbol Value Description

DRSI

Reset
Value

Slave Data Request Interrupt. Once a transmission is started, the transmitter must have
0
data to transmit as long as it isnt followed by a STOP condition or it will hold SCL low until
more data is available. The Slave Data Request bit is set when the slave transmitter is
data-starved. If the slave TX FIFO is empty and the last byte transmitted was
acknowledged, then SCL is held low until the CPU writes another byte to transmit. This bit
is cleared when a byte is written to the slave Tx FIFO.
0

Slave transmitter does not need data.

Slave transmitter needs data.

Active

Indicates whether the bus is busy. This bit is set when a START condition has been seen. 0
It is cleared when a STOP condition is seen..

SCL

The current value of the SCL signal.

SDA

The current value of the SDA signal.

RFF

Receive FIFO Full (RFF). This bit is set when the RX FIFO is full and cannot accept any
more data. It is cleared when the RX FIFO is not full. If a byte arrives when the Receive
FIFO is full, the SCL is held low until the CPU reads the RX FIFO and makes room for it.

10

11

RX FIFO is not full

RX FIFO is full

RFE

Receive FIFO Empty. RFE is set when the RX FIFO is empty and is cleared when the RX 1
FIFO contains valid data.
0

RX FIFO contains data.

RX FIFO is empty

TFF

Transmit FIFO Full. TFF is set when the TX FIFO is full and is cleared when the TX FIFO
is not full.
0

TX FIFO is not full.

TX FIFO is full

TFE

Transmit FIFO Empty. TFE is set when the TX FIFO is empty and is cleared when the TX
FIFO contains valid data.
0

TX FIFO contains valid data.

TX FIFO is empty

31:12 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

15.8.13 I2C Control Register (I2C_CTL - 0x2008 C308)

The I2C_CTL register is used to enable interrupts and reset the I2C state machine.
Enabled interrupts cause the USB_I2C_INT interrupt output line to be asserted when set.
Table 335. I2C Control register (I2C_CTL - address 0x2008 C308) bit description
Bit

Symbol

TDIE

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Value Description

Reset
Value

Transmit Done Interrupt Enable. This enables the TDI interrupt signalling that this I2C
issued a STOP condition.
0

Disable the TDI interrupt.

Enable the TDI interrupt.

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Table 335. I2C Control register (I2C_CTL - address 0x2008 C308) bit description
Bit

Symbol

AFIE

Value Description

Transmitter Arbitration Failure Interrupt Enable. This enables the AFI interrupt which is
asserted during transmission when trying to set SDA high, but the bus is driven low by
another device.
0

Disable the AFI.

Enable the AFI.

NAIE
0

Disable the NAI.

Enable the NAI.

Disable the DRMI interrupt.

Enable the DRMI interrupt.

Slave Transmitter Data Request Interrupt Enable. This enables the DRSI interrupt which
0
signals that the slave transmitter has run out of data and the last byte was acknowledged,
so the SCL line is being held low.

Disable the DRSI interrupt.

Enable the DRSI interrupt.

REFIE

Receive FIFO Full Interrupt Enable. This enables the Receive FIFO Full interrupt to
indicate that the receive FIFO cannot accept any more data.
0

Disable the RFFI.

Enable the RFFI.

RFDAIE

Receive Data Available Interrupt Enable. This enables the DAI interrupt to indicate that
data is available in the receive FIFO (i.e. not empty).
0

Disable the DAI.

Enable the DAI.

TFFIE

Transmit FIFO Not Full Interrupt Enable. This enables the Transmit FIFO Not Full interrupt 0
to indicate that the more data can be written to the transmit FIFO. Note that this is not full.
It is intended help the CPU to write to the I2C block only when there is room in the FIFO
and do this without polling the status register.
0

Disable the TFFI.

Enable the TFFI.

SRST

User manual

Master Transmitter Data Request Interrupt Enable. This enables the DRMI interrupt which 0
signals that the master transmitter has run out of data, has not issued a STOP, and is
holding the SCL line low.

DRSIE

UM10470

Transmitter No Acknowledge Interrupt Enable. This enables the NAI interrupt signalling
that transmitted byte was not acknowledged.

DRMIE

31:9 -

Reset
Value

Soft reset. This is only needed in unusual circumstances. If a device issues a start
condition without issuing a stop condition. A system timer may be used to reset the I2C if
the bus remains busy longer than the time-out period. On a soft reset, the Tx and Rx
FIFOs are flushed, I2C_STS register is cleared, and all internal state machines are reset
to appear idle. The I2C_CLKHI, I2C_CLKLO and I2C_CTL (except Soft Reset Bit) are
NOT modified by a soft reset.
0

See the text.

Reset the I2C to idle state. Self clearing.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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15.8.14 I2C Clock High Register (I2C_CLKHI - 0x2008 C30C)

The CLK register holds a terminal count for counting 48 MHz clock cycles to create the
high period of the slower I2C serial clock, SCL.
Table 336. I2C_CLKHI register (I2C_CLKHI - address 0x2008 C30C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

7:0

CDHI

Clock divisor high. This value is the number of 48 MHz clocks the serial clock (SCL) will be high. 0xB9

15.8.15 I2C Clock Low Register (I2C_CLKLO - 0x2008 C310)

The CLK register holds a terminal count for counting 48 MHz clock cycles to create the
low period of the slower I2C serial clock, SCL.
Table 337. I2C_CLKLO register (I2C_CLKLO - address 0x2008 C310) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

7:0

CDLO

Clock divisor low. This value is the number of 48 MHz clocks the serial clock (SCL) will be low.

0xB9

15.8.16 Interrupt handling

The interrupts set in the OTGIntSt register are set and cleared during HNP switching. All
OTG related interrupts, if enabled, are routed to the USB_OTG_INT bit in the USBIntSt
register.
I2C related interrupts are set in the I2C_STS register and routed, if enabled by I2C_CTL,
to the USB_I2C_INT bit.
For more details on the interrupts created by device controller, see the USB device
chapter. For interrupts created by the host controllers, see the OHCI specification.
The EN_USB_INTS bit in the USBIntSt register enables the routing of any of the USB
related interrupts to the NVIC controller (see Figure 52).
Remark: During the HNP switching between host and device with the OTG stack active,
an action may raise several levels of interrupts. It is advised to let the OTG stack initiate
any actions based on interrupts and ignore device and host level interrupts. This means
that during HNP switching, the OTG stack provides the communication to the host and
device controllers.

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USBIntSt
USB_INT_REQ_HP
USB_INT_REQ_LP

USB DEVICE
INTERRUPTS

USB_INT_REQ_DMA

to NVIC

USB_HOST_INT
USB_OTG_INT

USB HOST
INTERRUPTS

USB_I2C_INT

OTGIntSt
TMR
REMOVE_PU
HNP_SUCCESS
HNP_FAILURE
USB_NEED_CLOCK

EN_USB_INTS

USB I2C
INTERRUPTS

Fig 52. USB OTG interrupt handling

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15.9 HNP support

This section describes the hardware support for the Host Negotiation Protocol (HNP)
provided by the OTG controller.
When two dual-role OTG devices are connected to each other, the plug inserted into the
mini-AB receptacle determines the default role of each device. The device with the mini-A
plug inserted becomes the default Host (A-device), and the device with the mini-B plug
inserted becomes the default Peripheral (B-device).
Once connected, the default Host (A-device) and the default Peripheral (B-device) can
switch Host and Peripheral roles using HNP.
The context of the OTG controller operation is shown in Figure 53. Each controller (Host,
Device, or OTG) communicates with its software stack through a set of status and control
registers and interrupts. In addition, the OTG software stack communicates with the
external OTG transceiver through the I2C interface and the external transceiver interrupt
signal.
The OTG software stack is responsible for implementing the HNP state machines as
described in the On-The-Go Supplement to the USB 2.0 Specification.
The OTG controller hardware provides support for some of the state transitions in the
HNP state machines as described in the following subsections.
The USB state machines, the HNP switching, and the communications between the USB
controllers are described in more detail in the following documentation:

UM10470

User manual

USB OHCI specification

USB OTG supplement, version 1.2
USB 2.0 specification
ISP1302 data sheet and user manual

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OHCI
STACK

HOST
CONTROLLER

OTG
CONTROLLER

OTG
STACK

USB BUS
MUX

DEVICE
CONTROLLER

DEVICE
STACK

I2C
CONTROLLER

ISP1302

Fig 53. USB OTG controller with software stack

15.9.1 B-device: peripheral to host switching

In this case, the default role of the OTG controller is peripheral (B-device), and it switches
roles from Peripheral to Host.
The On-The-Go Supplement defines the behavior of a dual-role B-device during HNP
using a state machine diagram. The OTG software stack is responsible for implementing
all of the states in the Dual-Role B-Device State Diagram.
The OTG controller hardware provides support for the state transitions between the states
b_peripheral, b_wait_acon, and b_host in the Dual-Role B-Device state diagram. Setting
B_HNP_TRACK in the OTGStCtrl register enables hardware support for the B-device
switching from peripheral to host. The hardware actions after setting this bit are shown in
Figure 54.

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idle
B_HNP_TRACK = 0

no

B_HNP_TRACK = 1 ?
set HNP_FAILURE,
clear B_HNP_TRACK,
clear PU_REMOVED

no

bus suspended ?

no

disconnect device controller from U1

set REMOVE_PU

yes

PU_REMOVED set?

PU_REMOVED set?
reconnect port U1 to the
device controller

bus reset/resume detected?

yes

no

reconnect port U1 to the

device controller

wait 25 s for bus to settle

yes

yes
bus reset/resume detected?

connect from A-device detected?

no

set HNP_SUCCESS
set PORT_FUNC[0]
drive J on internal host controller port
and SE0 on U1

no

yes
SE0 sent by host?

connect U1 to host controller

clear B_HNP_TRACK
clear PU_REMOVED

no

Fig 54. Hardware support for B-device switching from peripheral state to host state

Figure 55 shows the actions that the OTG software stack should take in response to the
hardware actions setting REMOVE_PU, HNP_SUCCESS, AND HNP_FAILURE. The
relationship of the software actions to the Dual-Role B-Device states is also shown.
B-device states are in bold font with a circle around them.

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b_peripheral
when host sends SET_FEATURE
with b_hnp_enable,
set B_HNP_TRACK

no
REMOVE_PU set?

yes
remove D+ pull-up,
set PU_REMOVED

go to

go to

b_wait_acon

b_peripheral

HNP_FAILURE set?

yes
add D+ pull-up

no
no
HNP_SUCCESS set?

yes
go to
b_host

Fig 55. State transitions implemented in software during B-device switching from peripheral to host

Note that only the subset of B-device HNP states and state transitions supported by
hardware are shown. Software is responsible for implementing all of the HNP states.
Figure 55 may appear to imply that the interrupt bits such as REMOVE_PU should be
polled, but this is not necessary if the corresponding interrupt is enabled.
Following are code examples that show how the actions in Figure 55 are accomplished.
The examples assume that ISP1302 is being used as the external OTG transceiver.
Remove D+ pull-up
/* Remove D+
OTG_I2C_TX =
OTG_I2C_TX =
OTG_I2C_TX =

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pull-up through ISP1302 */

0x15A; // Send ISP1302 address, R/W=0
0x007; // Send OTG Control (Clear) register address
0x201; // Clear DP_PULLUP bit, send STOP condition

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/* Wait for TDI to be set */

while (!(OTG_I2C_STS & TDI));
/* Clear TDI */
OTG_I2C_STS = TDI;
Add D+ pull-up
/* Add D+ pull-up through ISP1302 */
OTG_I2C_TX = 0x15A; // Send ISP1302 address, R/W=0
OTG_I2C_TX = 0x006; // Send OTG Control (Set) register address
OTG_I2C_TX = 0x201; // Set DP_PULLUP bit, send STOP condition
/* Wait for TDI to be set */
while (!(OTG_I2C_STS & TDI));
/* Clear TDI */
OTG_I2C_STS = TDI;

15.9.2 A-device: host to peripheral HNP switching

In this case, the role of the OTG controller is host (A-device), and the A-device switches
roles from host to peripheral.
The On-The-Go Supplement defines the behavior of a dual-role A-device during HNP
using a state machine diagram. The OTG software stack is responsible for implementing
all of the states in the Dual-Role A-Device State Diagram.
The OTG controller hardware provides support for the state transitions between a_host,
a_suspend, a_wait_vfall, and a_peripheral in the Dual-Role A-Device state diagram.
Setting A_HNP_TRACK in the OTGStCtrl register enables hardware support for switching
the A-device from the host state to the device state. The hardware actions after setting
this bit are shown in Figure 56.

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idle
A_HNP_TRACK = 0

no

A_HNP_TRACK = 1 ?

set HNP_FAILURE,
clear A_HNP_TRACK

disconnect host controller from U1

no

no
bus suspended ?

resume detected ?

yes

yes

connnect host controller back to U1

yes

yes

bus reset detected?

resume detected?

no

no

no

OTG timer expired?

(TMR =1 )
yes

clear A_HNP_TRACK
set HNP_SUCCESS
connect device to U1 by clearing
PORT_FUNC[0]

Fig 56. Hardware support for A-device switching from host state to peripheral state

Figure 57 shows the actions that the OTG software stack should take in response to the
hardware actions setting TMR, HNP_SUCCESS, and HNP_FAILURE. The relationship of
the software actions to the Dual-Role A-Device states is also shown. A-device states are
shown in bold font with a circle around them.

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a_host
when host sends SET_FEATURE
with a_hnp_enable,
set A_HNP_TRACK

set BDIS_ACON_EN
in external OTG transceiver

load and enable OTG timer

suspend host on port 1

go to
a_suspend

no
no

no
TMR set?

HNP_SUCCESS set?

yes

HNP_FAILURE set?

yes
yes

clear BDIS_ACON_EN
bit in external OTG transceiver
discharge VBUS

stop OTG timer

stop the OTG timer

go to
a_peripheral

clear BDIS_ACON_EN
bit in external OTG transceiver

go to
go to

a_wait_vfall

a_host

Fig 57. State transitions implemented in software during A-device switching from host to peripheral

Note that only the subset of A-device HNP states and state transitions supported by
hardware are shown. Software is responsible for implementing all of the HNP states.
Figure 57 may appear to imply that the interrupt bits such as TMR should be polled, but
this is not necessary if the corresponding interrupt is enabled.
Following are code examples that show how the actions in Figure 57 are accomplished.
The examples assume that ISP1302 is being used as the external OTG transceiver.
Set BDIS_ACON_EN in external OTG transceiver
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/* Set BDIS_ACON_EN
OTG_I2C_TX = 0x15A;
OTG_I2C_TX = 0x004;
OTG_I2C_TX = 0x210;

in
//
//
//

ISP1302 */
Send ISP1302 address, R/W=0
Send Mode Control 1 (Set) register address
Set BDIS_ACON_EN bit, send STOP condition

/* Wait for TDI to be set */

while (!(OTG_I2C_STS & TDI));
/* Clear TDI */
OTG_I2C_STS = TDI;
Clear BDIS_ACON_EN in external OTG transceiver
/* Set BDIS_ACON_EN
OTG_I2C_TX = 0x15A;
OTG_I2C_TX = 0x005;
OTG_I2C_TX = 0x210;

in
//
//
//

ISP1302 */
Send ISP1302 address, R/W=0
Send Mode Control 1 (Clear) register address
Clear BDIS_ACON_EN bit, send STOP condition

/* Wait for TDI to be set */

while (!(OTG_I2C_STS & TDI));
/* Clear TDI */
OTG_I2C_STS = TDI;
Discharge VBUS
/* Clear the
OTG_I2C_TX =
OTG_I2C_TX =
OTG_I2C_TX =

VBUS_DRV bit in ISP1302 */

0x15A; // Send ISP1302 address, R/W=0
0x007; // Send OTG Control (Clear) register address
0x220; // Clear VBUS_DRV bit, send STOP condition

/* Wait for TDI to be set */

while (!(OTG_I2C_STS & TDI));
/* Clear TDI */
OTG_I2C_STS = TDI;
/* Set the
OTG_I2C_TX
OTG_I2C_TX
OTG_I2C_TX

VBUS_DISCHRG bit in ISP1302 */

= 0x15A; // Send ISP1302 address, R/W=0
= 0x006; // Send OTG Control (Set) register address
= 0x240; // Set VBUS_DISCHRG bit, send STOP condition

/* Wait for TDI to be set */

while (!(OTG_I2C_STS & TDI));
/* Clear TDI */
OTG_I2C_STS = TDI;

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Load and enable OTG timer

/* The following assumes that the OTG timer has previously been */
/* configured for a time scale of 1 ms (TMR_SCALE = 10)
*/
/* and monoshot mode (TMR_MODE = 0)
*/
/* Load the timeout value to implement the a_aidl_bdis_tmr timer */
/*
the minimum value is 200 ms
*/
OTG_TIMER = 200;
/* Enable the timer */
OTG_STAT_CTRL |= TMR_EN;
Stop OTG timer
/* Disable the timer causes TMR_CNT to be reset to 0 */
OTG_STAT_CTRL &= ~TMR_EN;
/* Clear TMR interrupt */
OTG_INT_CLR = TMR;
Suspend host on port 1
/* Write to PortSuspendStatus bit to suspend host port 1
*/
/* this example demonstrates the low-level action software needs to take. */
/* The host stack code where this is done will be somewhat more involved. */
HC_RH_PORT_STAT1 = PSS;

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Chapter 15: LPC178x/7x USB OTG controller

15.10 Clocking and power management

The OTG controller clocking is shown in Figure 58.
A clock switch controls each clock with the exception of ahb_slave_clk. When the enable
of the clock switch is asserted, its clock output is turned on and its CLK_ON output is
asserted. The CLK_ON signals are observable in the OTGClkSt register.
To conserve power, the clocks to the Device, Host, OTG, and I2C controllers can be
disabled when not in use by clearing the respective CLK_EN bit in the OTGClkCtrl
register. When the entire USB block is not in use, all of its clocks can be disabled by
clearing the PCUSB bit in the PCONP register.
When software wishes to access registers in one of the controllers, it should first ensure
that the respective controllers 48 MHz clock is enabled by setting its CLK_EN bit in the
OTGClkCtrl register and then poll the corresponding CLK_ON bit in OTGClkSt until set.
Once set, the controllers clock will remain enabled until CLK_EN is cleared by software.
Accessing the register of a controller when its 48 MHz clock is not enabled will result in a
data abort exception.

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Chapter 15: LPC178x/7x USB OTG controller

ahb_slave_clk

cclk
PCUSB

REGISTER
INTERFACE

ahb_master_clk
CLOCK
SWITCH
EN

AHB_CLK_ON
ahb_need_clk
AHB_CLK_EN

USB CLOCK
DIVIDER

usbclk
(48 MHz)

CLOCK
SWITCH
EN

DEV_CLK_ON

DEVICE
CONTROLLER

dev_dma_need_clk
dev_need_clk

DEV_CLK_EN

CLOCK
SWITCH
EN

host_dma_need_clk
HOST_CLK_ON

HOST
CONTROLLER

host_need_clk

HOST_CLK_EN

CLOCK
SWITCH
EN

OTG_CLK_ON

OTG
CONTROLLER

USB_NEED_CLK

OTG_CLK_EN

CLOCK
SWITCH
EN

I2C_CLK_ON

I2C
CONTROLLER
I2C_CLK_EN

Fig 58. Clocking and power control

15.10.1 Device clock request signals

The Device controller has two clock request signals, dev_need_clk and
dev_dma_need_clk. When asserted, these signals turn on the devices 48 MHz clock and
ahb_master_clk respectively.
The dev_need_clk signal is asserted while the device is not in the suspend state, or if the
device is in the suspend state and activity is detected on the USB bus. The dev_need_clk
signal is de-asserted if a disconnect is detected (CON bit is cleared in the SIE Get Device
Status register Section 13.10.7). This signal allows DEV_CLK_EN to be cleared during
normal operation when software does not need to access the Device controller registers
the Device will continue to function normally and automatically shut off its clock when it is
suspended or disconnected.
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The dev_dma_need_clk signal is asserted on any Device controller DMA access to

memory. Once asserted, it remains active for 2 ms (2 frames), to help assure that DMA
throughput is not affected by any latency associated with re-enabling ahb_master_clk.
2 ms after the last DMA access, dev_dma_need_clk is de-asserted to help conserve
power. This signal allows AHB_CLK_EN to be cleared during normal operation.

15.10.1.1 Host clock request signals

The Host controller has two clock request signals, host_need_clk and
host_dma_need_clk. When asserted, these signals turn on the hosts 48 MHz clock and
ahb_master_clk respectively.
The host_need_clk signal is asserted while the Host controller functional state is not
UsbSuspend, or if the functional state is UsbSuspend and resume signaling or a
disconnect is detected on the USB bus. This signal allows HOST_CLK_EN to be cleared
during normal operation when software does not need to access the Host controller
registers the Host will continue to function normally and automatically shut off its clock
when it goes into the UsbSuspend state.
The host_dma_need_clk signal is asserted on any Host controller DMA access to
memory. Once asserted, it remains active for 2 ms (2 frames), to help assure that DMA
throughput is not affected by any latency associated with re-enabling ahb_master_clk.
2 ms after the last DMA access, host_dma_need_clk is de-asserted to help conserve
power. This signal allows AHB_CLK_EN to be cleared during normal operation.

15.10.2 Power-down mode support

The LPC178x/177x can be configured to wake up from Power-down mode on any USB
bus activity. When the chip is in Power-down mode and the USB interrupt is enabled, the
assertion of USB_NEED_CLK causes the chip to wake up from Power-down mode.
Before Power-down mode can be entered when the USB activity interrupt is enabled,
USB_NEED_CLK must be de-asserted. This is accomplished by clearing all of the
CLK_EN bits in OTGClkCtrl and putting the Host controller into the UsbSuspend
functional state. If it is necessary to wait for either of the dma_need_clk signals or the
dev_need_clk to be de-asserted, the status of USB_NEED_CLK can be polled in the
USBIntSt register to determine when they have all been de-asserted.

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15.11 USB OTG controller initialization

The LPC178x/177x OTG device controller initialization includes the following steps:
1. Enable the device controller by setting the PCUSB bit of PCONP.
2. Configure and enable the Alt PLL (PLL1) or Main PLL (PLL0) to provide 48 MHz for
usbclk and the desired frequency for cclk. For the procedure for determining the PLL
setting and configuration, see Section 4.5.10 Procedure for determining PLL
settings or Section 4.5.10 Procedure for determining PLL settings.
3. Enable the desired controller clocks by setting their respective CLK_EN bits in the
USBClkCtrl register. Poll the corresponding CLK_ON bits in the USBClkSt register
until they are set.
4. Enable the desired USB pin functions by writing to the corresponding IOCON
registers.
5. Follow the appropriate steps in Section 13.13 USB device controller initialization to
initialize the device controller.
6. Follow the guidelines given in the OpenHCI specification for initializing the host
controller.

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Chapter 16: LPC178x/7x SD card interface
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16.1 Basic configuration

The SD card interface (also known as MCI or Multimedia card interface) is configured
using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PC_SD.
Remark: On reset, the SD card interface is disabled (PCSD = 0).

2. Peripheral clock: The SD card interface operates from the common PCLK that clocks
both the bus interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See
Section 4.6.4.
3. Pins: Select SD card interface pins and their modes through the relevant IOCON
registers (Section 8.4.1).
4. Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.

16.2 Introduction
The Secure Digital card interface is an interface between the Advanced Peripheral Bus
(APB) system bus and multimedia and/or secure digital memory cards. It consists of two
parts:

The SD card interface provides all functions specific to the Secure Digital memory
card, such as the clock generation unit, power management control, command and
data transfer. The interface also supports the Multimedia Card Interface.

The APB interface accesses SD card interface registers, and generates interrupt and
DMA request signals.

16.3 Features
The following features are provided by the SD card interface:

Conformance to Secure Digital Memory Card Physical Layer Specification, v0.96.

Conformance to Multimedia Card Specification v2.11.
Use as a multimedia card bus or a secure digital memory card bus host. It can be
connected to several multimedia cards, or a single secure digital memory card.

DMA supported through the General Purpose DMA Controller.

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16.4 Pin description

Table 338. SD/MMC card interface pin description
Pin Name

Type

Description

SD_CLK

Output

Clock output

SD_CMD

Input

Command input/output.

SD_DAT[3:0]

Output

Data lines. Only SD_DAT[0] is used for Multimedia cards.

SD_PWR

Output

Power Supply Enable for external card power supply.

16.5 Functional overview

The SD card interface may be used as a secure digital memory card bus host (see
Section 16.5.1 Secure digital memory card) or as a multimedia card bus host (see
Section 16.5.2 Multimedia card). A single secure digital memory card or up to 4
multimedia cards (depending on board loading) may be connected.

16.5.1 Secure digital memory card

Figure 59 shows the secure digital memory card connection.

CLK
SECURE
DIGITAL
MEMORY CARD
CONTROLLER

CMD
D[3:0]

SECURE
DIGITAL
MEMORY CARD

Fig 59. Secure digital memory card connection

16.5.1.1 Secure digital memory card bus signals

The following signals are used on the secure digital memory card bus:

SD_CLK Host to card clock signal

SD_CMD Bidirectional command/response signal
SD_DAT[3:0] Bidirectional data signals
16.5.2 Multimedia card
Figure 60 shows the multimedia card system.

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MULTIMEDIA
CARD
INTERFACE

POWER
SUPPLY

MULTIMEDIA CARD BUS

CARD

CARD

CARD

MULTIMEDIA CARD STACK

Fig 60. Multimedia card system

Multimedia cards are grouped into three types according to their function:

Read Only Memory (ROM) cards, containing pre-programmed data

Read/Write (R/W) cards, used for mass storage
Input/Output (I/O) cards, used for communication
The multimedia card system transfers commands and data using three signal lines:

CLK: One bit is transferred on both command and data lines with each clock cycle.
The clock frequency varies between 0 MHz and 20 MHz (for a multimedia card) or
0 MHz and 25 MHz (for a secure digital memory card).

CMD: Bidirectional command channel that initializes a card and transfers commands.
CMD has two operational modes:
Open-drain for initialization
Push-pull for command transfer

DAT: Bidirectional data channel, operating in push-pull mode

16.5.3 SD card interface details
Figure 61 shows a simplified block diagram of the SD card interface.

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Chapter 16: LPC178x/7x SD card interface

MULTIMEDIA CARD INTERFACE

SD_CLK
CONTROL
UNIT

APB
INTERFACE

APB BUS

ADAPTER
REGISTERS

SD_PWR

COMMAND
PATH

DATA PATH

SD_CMD

SD_DATA [3:0]

FIFO

Fig 61. SD card interface

The SD card interface is a secure digital/multimedia memory card bus master that
provides an interface to a multimedia card stack or to a secure digital memory card. It
consists of five subunits:

Adapter register block

Control unit
Command path
Data path
Data FIFO

16.5.3.1 Adapter register block

The adapter register block contains all system registers. This block also generates the
signals that clear the static flags in the multimedia card. The clear signals are generated
when 1 is written into the corresponding bit location of the MCIClear register.

16.5.3.2 Control unit

The control unit contains the power management functions and the clock divider for the
memory card clock.
There are three power phases:

Power-off
Power-up
Power-on
The power management logic controls an external power supply unit, and disables the
card bus output signals during the power-off or power-up phases. The power-up phase is
a transition phase between the power-off and power-on phases, and allows an external
power supply to reach the card bus operating voltage. A device driver is used to ensure
that the interface remains in the power-up phase until the external power supply reaches
the operating voltage.

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The clock management logic generates and controls the SD_CLK signal. The SD_CLK
output can use either a clock divide or clock bypass mode. The clock output is inactive:

after reset
during the power-off or power-up phases
if the power saving mode is enabled and the card bus is in the IDLE state (eight clock
periods after both the command and data path subunits enter the IDLE phase)

16.5.3.3 Command path

The command path subunit sends commands to and receives responses from the cards.

16.5.3.4 Command path state machine

When the command register is written to and the enable bit is set, command transfer
starts. When the command has been sent, the Command Path State Machine (CPSM)
sets the status flags and enters the IDLE state if a response is not required. If a response
is required, it waits for the response (see Figure 62). When the response is received, the
received CRC code and the internally generated code are compared, and the appropriate
status flags are set.

IDLE
Response received
or disabled or
command CRC failed

Enabled and
Pending command

Disabled
PEND

RECEIVE

Disabled or
no response
Disabled
or timeout

Enabled and
command start

Response
started

LastData

SEND

WAIT
Wait for
response

Fig 62. Command path state machine

When the WAIT state is entered, the command timer starts running. If the timeout1 is
reached before the CPSM moves to the RECEIVE state, the timeout flag is set and the
IDLE2 state is entered.
If the interrupt bit is set in the command register, the timer is disabled and the CPSM waits
for an interrupt request from one of the cards. If a pending bit is set in the command
register, the CPSM enters the PEND state, and waits for a CmdPend signal from the data
path subunit. When CmdPend is detected, the CPSM moves to the SEND state. This
enables the data counter to trigger the stop command transmission.
1.

The timeout period has a fixed value of 64 SD_CLK clocks period.

2.

The CPSM remains in the IDLE state for at least eight SD_CLK periods to meet Ncc and Nrc timing constraints.

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Figure 63 shows the command transfer.

min 8
SD_CLK

SD_CLK

COMMAND

RESPONSE

COMMAND

State

IDLE

SEND

WAIT

RECEIVE

IDLE

SEND

SD_CMD

HI-Z

controller drives

HI-Z

card drives

HI-Z

controller drives

Fig 63. Command transfer

16.5.3.5 Command format

The command path operates in a half-duplex mode, so that commands and responses
can either be sent or received. If the CPSM is not in the SEND state, the SD_CMD output
is in HI-Z state, as shown in Figure 63. Data on SD_CMD is synchronous to the rising
SD_CLK edge. All commands have a fixed length of 48 bits. Table 339 shows the
command format.
Table 339. Command format
Bit Position

Width

Value

Description

End bit.

7:1

CRC7

39:8

32

Argument.

45:40

Command index.

46

Transmission bit.

47

Stat bit.

The SD card interface supports two response types. Both use CRC error checking:

48 bit short response (see Table 340)

136 bit long response (see Table 341)
Note: If the response does not contain CRC (CMD1 response), the device driver must
ignore the CRC failed status.
Table 340. Simple response format

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Bit Position

Width

Value

Description

End bit.

7:1

CRC7 (or 1111111).

39:8

32

Argument.

45:40

Command index.

46

Transmission bit.

47

Start bit.

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Table 341. Long response format

Bit Position

Width

Value

Description

End bit.

127:1

127

CID or CSD (including internal CRC7).

133:128

111111

Reserved.

134

Transmission bit.

135

Start bit.

The command register contains the command index (six bits sent to a card) and the
command type. These determine whether the command requires a response, and
whether the response is 48 or 136 bits long (see Section 16.6.4 Command Register
(MCICommand - 0x400C 000C) for more information). The command path implements
the status flags shown in Table 342 (see Section 16.6.11 Status Register (MCIStatus 0x400C 0034) for more information).
Table 342. Command path status flags
Flag

Description

CmdRespEnd

Set if response CRC is OK.

CmdCrcFail

Set if response CRC fails.

CmdSent

Set when command (that does not require response) is sent.

CmdTimeOut

Response timeout.

CmdActive

Command transfer in progress.

The CRC generator calculates the CRC checksum for all bits before the CRC code. This
includes the start bit, transmitter bit, command index, and command argument (or card
status). The CRC checksum is calculated for the first 120 bits of CID or CSD for the long
response format. Note that the start bit, transmitter bit and the six reserved bits are not
used in the CRC calculation.
The CRC checksum is a 7 bit value:
CRC[6:0] = Remainder [(M(x) x7 ) / G(x)]
G(x) = x7 + x3 + 1
M(x) = (start bit) x39 + + (last bit before CRC) x0 , or
M(x) = (start bit) x119 + + (last bit before CRC) x0

16.5.3.6 Data path

The card data bus width can be programmed using the clock control register. If the wide
bus mode is enabled, data is transferred at four bits per clock cycle over all four data
signals (SD_DAT[3:0]). If the wide bus mode is not enabled, only one bit per clock cycle is
transferred over SD_DAT[0].
Depending on the transfer direction (send or receive), the Data Path State Machine
(DPSM) moves to the WAIT_S or WAIT_R state when it is enabled:

Send: The DPSM moves to the WAIT_S state. If there is data in the send FIFO, the
DPSM moves to the SEND state, and the data path subunit starts sending data to a
card.
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Receive: The DPSM moves to the WAIT_R state and waits for a start bit. When it
receives a start bit, the DPSM moves to the RECEIVE state, and the data path subunit
starts receiving data from a card.

16.5.3.7 Data path state machine

The DPSM operates at SD_CLK frequency. Data on the card bus signals is synchronous
to the rising edge of SD_CLK. The DPSM has six states, as shown in Figure 64.

Reset

Disabled or
FIFO underrun or
end of data or
CRC fail

IDLE

Disabled or
CRC fail or
timeout

Disabled or
Rx FIFO empty
or timeout or
start bit error

Disabled or
end of data
Enable
and send

BUSY

Enable and
not send

Disabled or
CRC fail

WAIT_R

Not busy

WAIT_S
End of packet

Start bit

End of packet
or end of data
or FIFO overrun

Data ready
SEND

RECEIVE

Fig 64. Data path state machine

IDLE: The data path is inactive, and the SD_DAT[3:0] outputs are in HI-Z. When the
data control register is written and the enable bit is set, the DPSM loads the data
counter with a new value and, depending on the data direction bit, moves to either the
WAIT_S or WAIT_R state.
WAIT_R: If the data counter equals zero, the DPSM moves to the IDLE state when
the receive FIFO is empty. If the data counter is not zero, the DPSM waits for a start
bit on SD_DAT.
The DPSM moves to the RECEIVE state if it receives a start bit before a timeout, and
loads the data block counter. If it reaches a timeout before it detects a start bit, or a start
bit error occurs, it moves to the IDLE state and sets the timeout status flag.

RECEIVE: Serial data received from a card is packed in bytes and written to the data
FIFO. Depending on the transfer mode bit in the data control register, the data transfer
mode can be either block or stream:
In block mode, when the data block counter reaches zero, the DPSM waits until it
receives the CRC code. If the received code matches the internally generated
CRC code, the DPSM moves to the WAIT_R state. If not, the CRC fail status flag is
set and the DPSM moves to the IDLE state.
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In stream mode, the DPSM receives data while the data counter is not zero. When
the counter is zero, the remaining data in the shift register is written to the data
FIFO, and the DPSM moves to the WAIT_R state.

If a FIFO overrun error occurs, the DPSM sets the FIFO error flag and moves to the
WAIT_R state.

WAIT_S: The DPSM moves to the IDLE state if the data counter is zero. If not, it waits
until the data FIFO empty flag is deasserted, and moves to the SEND state.
Note: The DPSM remains in the WAIT_S state for at least two clock periods to meet Nwr
timing constraints.

SEND: The DPSM starts sending data to a card. Depending on the transfer mode bit
in the data control register, the data transfer mode can be either block or stream:
In block mode, when the data block counter reaches zero, the DPSM sends an
internally generated CRC code and end bit, and moves to the BUSY state.
In stream mode, the DPSM sends data to a card while the enable bit is HIGH and
the data counter is not zero. It then moves to the IDLE state.

If a FIFO underrun error occurs, the DPSM sets the FIFO error flag and moves to the
IDLE state.

BUSY: The DPSM waits for the CRC status flag:

If it does not receive a positive CRC status, it moves to the IDLE state and sets the
CRC fail status flag.
If it receives a positive CRC status, it moves to the WAIT_S state if SD_DAT[0] is
not LOW (the card is not busy).

If a timeout occurs while the DPSM is in the BUSY state, it sets the data timeout flag and
moves to the IDLE state.
The data timer is enabled when the DPSM is in the WAIT_R or BUSY state, and
generates the data timeout error:

When transmitting data, the timeout occurs if the DPSM stays in the BUSY state for
longer than the programmed timeout period

When receiving data, the timeout occurs if the end of the data is not true, and if the
DPSM stays in the WAIT_R state for longer than the programmed timeout period.

16.5.3.8 Data counter

The data counter has two functions:

To stop a data transfer when it reaches zero. This is the end of the data condition.
To start transferring a pending command (see Figure 65). This is used to send the
stop command for a stream data transfer.

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SD_CLK
SD_CMD

cmd state
SD_DAT0

PEND
Z

data
counter

CMD

CMD

CMD

SEND

CMD

CMD
6

CmdPend

Fig 65. Pending command start

The data block counter determines the end of a data block. If the counter is zero, the
end-of-data condition is TRUE (see Section 16.6.9 Data Control Register (MCIDataCtrl 0x400C 002C) for more information).

16.5.3.9 Bus mode

In wide bus mode, all four data signals (SD_DAT[3:0]) are used to transfer data, and the
CRC code is calculated separately for each data signal. While transmitting data blocks to
a card, only SD_DAT[0] is used for the CRC token and busy signalling. The start bit must
be transmitted on all four data signals at the same time (during the same clock period). If
the start bit is not detected on all data signals on the same clock edge while receiving
data, the DPSM sets the start bit error flag and moves to the IDLE state.
The data path also operates in half-duplex mode, where data is either sent to a card or
received from a card. While not being transferred, SD_DAT[3:0] are in the HI-Z state.
Data on these signals is synchronous to the rising edge of the clock period.
If standard bus mode is selected the SD_DAT[3:1] outputs are always in HI-Z state and
only the SD_DAT[0] output is driven LOW when data is transmitted.
Design note: If wide mode is selected, all data outputs enabled at the same time. If not,
the SD_DAT[3:1] outputs are always off, and only the SD_DAT[0] output is driven LOW
when data is transmitted.

16.5.3.10 CRC Token status

The CRC token status follows each write data block, and determines whether a card has
received the data block correctly. When the token has been received, the card asserts a
busy signal by driving SD_DAT[0] LOW. Table 343 shows the CRC token status values.
Table 343. CRC token status

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Token

Description

010

Card has received error-free data block.

101

Card has detected a CRC error.

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16.5.3.11 Status flags

Table 344 lists the data path status flags (see Section 16.6.11 Status Register (MCIStatus
- 0x400C 0034) on page 425 for more information).
Table 344. Data path status flags
Flag

Description

TxFifoFull

Transmit FIFO is full.

TxFifoEmpty

Transmit FIFO is empty.

TxFifoHalfEmpty

Transmit FIFO is half full.

TxDataAvlbl

Transmit FIFO data available.

TxUnderrun

Transmit FIFO underrun error.

RxFifoFull

Receive FIFO is full.

RxFifoEmpty

Receive FIFO is empty.

RxFifoHalfFull

Receive FIFO is half full.

RxDataAvlbl

Receive FIFO data available.

RxOverrun

Receive FIFO overrun error.

DataBlockEnd

Data block sent/received.

StartBitErr

Start bit not detected on all data signals in wide bus mode.

DataCrcFail

Data packet CRC failed.

DataEnd

Data end (data counter is zero).

DataTimeOut

Data timeout.

TxActive

Data transmission in progress.

RxActive

Data reception in progress.

16.5.3.12 CRC generator

The CRC generator calculates the CRC checksum only for the data bits in a single block,
and is bypassed in data stream mode. The checksum is a 16 bit value:
CRC[15:0] = Remainder [(M(x) x15) / G(x)]
G(x) = x16 + x12 + x5 + 1
M(x) - (first data bit) xn + + (last data bit) x0

16.5.3.13 Data FIFO

The data FIFO (first-in-first-out) subunit is a data buffer with transmit and receive logic.
The FIFO contains a 32 bit wide, 16-word deep data buffer, and transmit and receive
logic. Because the data FIFO operates in the APB clock domain (PCLK), all signals from
the subunits in the SD card interface clock domain (MCLK) are re-synchronized.
Depending on TxActive and RxActive, the FIFO can be disabled, transmit enabled, or
receive enabled. TxActive and RxActive are driven by the data path subunit and are
mutually exclusive:

The transmit FIFO refers to the transmit logic and data buffer when TxActive is
asserted (see Section 16.5.3.14 Transmit FIFO)

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The receive FIFO refers to the receive logic and data buffer when RxActive is
asserted (see Section 16.5.3.15 Receive FIFO).

16.5.3.14 Transmit FIFO

Data can be written to the transmit FIFO through the APB interface once the SD card
interface is enabled for transmission.
The transmit FIFO is accessible via 16 sequential addresses (see Section 16.6.15 Data
FIFO Register (MCIFIFO - 0x400C 0080 to 0x400C 00BC)). The transmit FIFO contains
a data output register that holds the data word pointed to by the read pointer. When the
data path subunit has loaded its shift register, it increments the read pointer and drives
new data out.
If the transmit FIFO is disabled, all status flags are deasserted. The data path subunit
asserts TxActive when it transmits data. Table 345 lists the transmit FIFO status flags.
Table 345. Transmit FIFO status flags
Flag

Description

TxFifoFull

Set to HIGH when all 16 transmit FIFO words contain valid data.

TxFifoEmpty

Set to HIGH when the transmit FIFO does not contain valid data.

TxHalfEmpty

Set to HIGH when 8 or more transmit FIFO words are empty. This flag
can be used as a DMA request.

TxDataAvlbl

Set to HIGH when the transmit FIFO contains valid data. This flag is the
inverse of the TxFifoEmpty flag.

TxUnderrun

Set to HIGH when an underrun error occurs. This flag is cleared by

writing to the MCIClear register.

16.5.3.15 Receive FIFO

When the data path subunit receives a word of data, it drives data on the write data bus
and asserts the write enable signal. This signal is synchronized to the PCLK domain. The
write pointer is incremented after the write is completed, and the receive FIFO control
logic asserts RxWrDone, that then deasserts the write enable signal.
On the read side, the content of the FIFO word pointed to by the current value of the read
pointer is driven on the read data bus. The read pointer is incremented when the APB bus
interface asserts RxRdPrtInc.
If the receive FIFO is disabled, all status flags are deasserted, and the read and write
pointers are reset. The data path subunit asserts RxActive when it receives data. Table
353 lists the receive FIFO status flags.
The receive FIFO is accessible via 16 sequential addresses (see Section 16.6.15 Data
FIFO Register (MCIFIFO - 0x400C 0080 to 0x400C 00BC)).
If the receive FIFO is disabled, all status flags are deasserted, and the read and write
pointers are reset. The data path subunit asserts RxActive when it receives data.
Table 346 lists the receive FIFO status flags.

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Table 346. Receive FIFO status flags

Symbol

Description

RxFifoFull

Set to HIGH when all 16 receive FIFO words contain valid data.

RxFifoEmpty

Set to HIGH when the receive FIFO does not contain valid data.

RxHalfFull

Set to HIGH when 8 or more receive FIFO words contain valid data. This
flag can be used as a DMA request.

RxDataAvlbl

Set to HIGH when the receive FIFO is not empty. This flag is the inverse
of the RxFifoEmpty flag.

RxOverrun

Set to HIGH when an overrun error occurs. This flag is cleared by writing
to the MCIClear register.

16.5.3.16 APB interfaces

The APB interface generates the interrupt and DMA requests, and accesses the SD card
interface registers and the data FIFO. It consists of a data path, register decoder, and
interrupt/DMA logic. DMA is controlled by the General Purpose DMA controller, see that
chapter for details.

16.5.3.17 Interrupt logic

The interrupt logic generates an interrupt request signal that is asserted when at least one
of the selected status flags is HIGH. A mask register is provided to allow selection of the
conditions that will generate an interrupt. A status flag generates the interrupt request if a
corresponding mask flag is set.

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16.6 Register description

The SD card interface registers are shown in Table 347.
Table 347. Summary of SD card interface registers
Access

Width

Reset Value[1]

Address

Table

Power control register.

R/W

0x400C 0000

348

MCIClock

Clock control register.

R/W

12

0x400C 0004

349

MCIArgument

Argument register.

R/W

32

0x400C 0008

350

MMCCommand

Command register.

R/W

11

0x400C 000C

351

MCIRespCmd

Response command register.

RO

0x400C 0010

353

MCIResponse0

Response register.

RO

32

0x400C 0014

354

MCIResponse1

Response register.

RO

32

0x400C 0018

354

MCIResponse2

Response register.

RO

32

0x400C 001C

354

MCIResponse3

Response register.

RO

31

0x400C 0020

354

MCIDataTimer

Data Timer.

R/W

32

0x400C 0024

356

MCIDataLength

Data length register.

R/W

16

0x400C 0028

357

MCIDataCtrl

Data control register.

R/W

0x400C 002C

358

MCIDataCnt

Data counter.

RO

16

0x400C 0030

360

Name

Description

MCIPower

MCIStatus

Status register.

RO

22

0x400C 0034

361

MCIClear

Clear register.

WO

11

0x400C 0038

362

MCIMask0

Interrupt 0 mask register.

R/W

22

0x400C 003C

363

MCIFifoCnt

FIFO Counter.

RO

15

0x400C 0048

364

MCIFIFO

Data FIFO Register.

R/W

32

0x400C 0080 to
0x400C 00BC

365

[1]

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

16.6.1 Power Control Register (MCIPWR - 0x400C 0000)

The MCIPWR register controls an external power supply. Power can be switched on and
off, and adjust the output voltage. Table 348 shows the bit assignment of the MCIPower
register.
The active level of the SD_PWR pin can be selected by bit 3 of the SCS register (see
Section 3.8.1 System Controls and Status register (SCS - 0x400F C1A0) on page 32 for
details).
Table 348: Power Control register (MCIPWR - address 0x400C 0000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

1:0

Ctrl

00

Power-off

00

01

Reserved

5:2

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10

Power-up

11

Power-on
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be
written.

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Table 348: Power Control register (MCIPWR - address 0x400C 0000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

OpenDrain

SD_CMD output control.

Rod

Rod control.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be

written.

NA

When the external power supply is switched on, the software first enters the power-up
phase, and waits until the supply output is stable before moving to the power-on phase.
During the power-up phase, SD_PWR is set HIGH. The card bus outlets are disabled
during both phases.
Note: After a data write, data cannot be written to this register for three MCLK clock
periods plus two PCLK clock periods.

16.6.2 Clock Control Register (MCIClock - 0x400C 0004)

The MCIClock register controls the SD_CLK output. Table 349 shows the bit assignment
of the clock control register.
Table 349: Clock Control register (MCIClock - address 0x400C 0004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

7:0

ClkDiv

Value Description

Reset
Value

Bus clock period:

SD_CLK frequency = MCLK / [2(ClkDiv+1)].

10

11

31:12

Enable

Enable SD card bus clock:

0

Clock disabled.

Clock enabled.

PwrSave

Disable SD_CLK output when bus is idle:

0

Always enabled.

Clock enabled when bus is active.

Bypass

Enable bypass of clock divide logic:

Disable bypass.

Enable bypass. MCLK driven to card bus output (SD_CLK).

WideBus

Enable wide bus mode:

0

Standard bus mode (only SD_DAT[0] used).

Wide bus mode (SD_DAT[3:0] used)

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be

written.

NA

While the SD card interface is in identification mode, the SD_CLK frequency must be less
than 400 kHz. The clock frequency can be changed to the maximum card bus frequency
when relative card addresses are assigned to all cards.
Note: After a data write, data cannot be written to this register for three MCLK clock
periods plus two PCLK clock periods.

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16.6.3 Argument Register (MCIArgument - 0x400C 0008)

The MCIArgument register contains a 32 bit command argument, which is sent to a card
as part of a command message. Table 350 shows the bit assignment of the MCIArgument
register.
Table 350: Argument register (MCIArgument - address 0x400C 0008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

31:0

CmdArg

Command argument

0x0000 0000

If a command contains an argument, it must be loaded into the argument register before
writing a command to the command register.

16.6.4 Command Register (MCICommand - 0x400C 000C)

The MCICommand register contains the command index and command type bits:

The command index is sent to a card as part of a command message.

The command type bits control the Command Path State Machine (CPSM). Writing 1
to the enable bit starts the command send operation, while clearing the bit disables
the CPSM.
Table 351 shows the bit assignment of the MCICommand register.
Table 351: Command register (MCICommand - address 0x400C 000C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

5:0

CmdIndex Command index.

Response If set, CPSM waits for a response.

LongRsp

If set, CPSM receives a 136 bit long response.

Interrupt

If set, CPSM disables command timer and waits for interrupt request. 0

Pending

If set, CPSM waits for CmdPend before it starts sending a command. 0

10

Enable

If set, CPSM is enabled.

31:11

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Note: After a data write, data cannot be written to this register for three MCLK clock
periods plus two PCLK clock periods.

Table 352 shows the response types.

Table 352: Command Response Types
Response

Long Response

Description

No response, expect CmdSent flag.

No response, expect CmdSent flag.

Short response, expect CmdRespEnd or CmdCrcFail flag.

Long response, expect CmdRespEnd or CmdCrcFail flag.

16.6.5 Command Response Register (MCIRespCommand - 0x400C 0010)

The MCIRespCommand register contains the command index field of the last command
response received. Table 351 shows the bit assignment of the MCIRespCommand
register.
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Table 353: Command Response register (MCIRespCommand - address 0x400C 0010) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

5:0

RespCmd Response command index

31:6

NA

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

If the command response transmission does not contain the command index field (long
response), the RespCmd field is unknown, although it must contain 111111 (the value of
the reserved field from the response).

16.6.6 Response Registers (MCIResponse0-3 - 0x400C 0014, 0x400C 0018,

0x400C 001C and 0x400C 0020)
The MCIResponse0-3 registers contain the status of a card, which is part of the received
response. Table 354 shows the bit assignment of the MCIResponse0-3 registers.
Table 354: Response registers (MCIResponse0-3 - addresses 0x400C 0014, 0x400C 0018,
0x400C 001C and 0x400C 0020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0 Status

Description

Reset Value

Card status

The card status size can be 32 or 127 bits, depending on the response type (see
Table 355).
Table 355: Response Register Type
Description

Short Response

Long Response

MCIResponse0

Card status [31:0]

Card status [127:96]

MCIResponse1

Unused

Card status [95:64]

MCIResponse2

Unused

Card status [63:32]

MCIResponse3

Unused

Card status [31:1]

The most significant bit of the card status is received first. The MCIResponse3 register
LSBit is always 0.

16.6.7 Data Timer Register (MCIDataTimer - 0x400C 0024)

The MCIDataTimer register contains the data timeout period, in card bus clock periods.
Table 356 shows the bit assignment of the MCIDataTimer register.
Table 356: Data Timer register (MCIDataTimer - address 0x400C 0024) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

31:0

DataTime

Data timeout period.

A counter loads the value from the data timer register, and starts decrementing when the
Data Path State Machine (DPSM) enters the WAIT_R or BUSY state. If the timer reaches
0 while the DPSM is in either of these states, the timeout status flag is set.
A data transfer must be written to the data timer register and the data length register
before being written to the data control register.

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16.6.8 Data Length Register (MCIDataLength - 0x400C 0028)

The MCIDataLength register contains the number of data bytes to be transferred. The
value is loaded into the data counter when data transfer starts. Table 357 shows the bit
assignment of the MCIDataLength register.
Table 357: Data Length register (MCIDataLength - address 0x400C 0028) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

15:0

DataLength

Data length value

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be

written.

NA

For a block data transfer, the value in the data length register must be a multiple of the
block size (see Section 16.6.9 Data Control Register (MCIDataCtrl - 0x400C 002C)).
To initiate a data transfer, write to the data timer register and the data length register
before writing to the data control register.

16.6.9 Data Control Register (MCIDataCtrl - 0x400C 002C)

The MCIDataCtrl register controls the DPSM. Table 358 shows the bit assignment of the
MCIDataCtrl register.
Table 358: Data Control register (MCIDataCtrl - address 0x400C 002C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

Enable

Data transfer enable.

Direction

Data transfer direction:

7:4

From controller to card.

From card to controller.

Mode

Data transfer mode:

0

Block data transfer.

Stream data transfer.

DMAEnable

BlockSize

31:8 -

Enable DMA:
0

DMA disabled.

DMA enabled.

Data block length

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be

written.

NA

Note: After a data write, data cannot be written to this register for three MCLK clock
periods plus two PCLK clock periods.

Data transfer starts if 1 is written to the enable bit. Depending on the direction bit, the
DPSM moves to the WAIT_S or WAIT_R state. It is not necessary to clear the enable bit
after the data transfer. BlockSize controls the data block length if Mode is 0, as shown in
Table 359.

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Table 359: Data Block Length

Block Size

Block Length

20= 1 byte.

21 = 2 bytes.

...

11

211 = 2048 bytes.

12:15

Reserved.

16.6.10 Data Counter Register (MCIDataCnt - 0x400C 0030)

The MCIDataCnt register loads the value from the data length register (see Section 16.6.8
Data Length Register (MCIDataLength - 0x400C 0028)) when the DPSM moves from
the IDLE state to the WAIT_R or WAIT_S state. As data is transferred, the counter
decrements the value until it reaches 0. The DPSM then moves to the IDLE state and the
data status end flag is set. Table 360 shows the bit assignment of the MCIDataCnt
register.
Table 360: Data Counter register (MCIDataCnt - address 0x400C 0030) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

15:0

DataCount Remaining data

31:16

NA

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

Note: This register should be read only when the data transfer is complete.

16.6.11 Status Register (MCIStatus - 0x400C 0034)

The MCIStatus register is a read-only register. It contains two types of flag:

Static [10:0]: These remain asserted until they are cleared by writing to the Clear
register (see Section 16.6.12 Clear Register (MCIClear - 0x400C 0038)).

Dynamic [21:11]: These change state depending on the state of the underlying logic
(for example, FIFO full and empty flags are asserted and deasserted as data while
written to the FIFO).
Table 361 shows the bit assignment of the MCIStatus register.
Table 361: Status register (MCIStatus - address 0x400C 0034) bit description
Bit

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Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

CmdCrcFail

Command response received (CRC check failed).

DataCrcFail

Data block sent/received (CRC check failed).

CmdTimeOut

Command response timeout.

DataTimeOut

Data timeout.

TxUnderrun

Transmit FIFO underrun error.

RxOverrun

Receive FIFO overrun error.

CmdRespEnd

Command response received (CRC check passed).

CmdSent

Command sent (no response required).

DataEnd

Data end (data counter is zero).

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Table 361: Status register (MCIStatus - address 0x400C 0034) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

StartBitErr

Start bit not detected on all data signals in wide bus mode. 0

10

DataBlockEnd

Data block sent/received (CRC check passed).

11

CmdActive

Command transfer in progress.

12

TxActive

Data transmit in progress.

13

RxActive

Data receive in progress.

14

TxFifoHalfEmpty Transmit FIFO half empty.

15

RxFifoHalfFull

Receive FIFO half full.

16

TxFifoFull

Transmit FIFO full.

17

RxFifoFull

Receive FIFO full.

18

TxFifoEmpty

Transmit FIFO empty.

19

RxFifoEmpty

Receive FIFO empty.

20

TxDataAvlbl

Data available in transmit FIFO.

21

RxDataAvlbl

Data available in receive FIFO.

31:22

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not

defined.

NA

16.6.12 Clear Register (MCIClear - 0x400C 0038)

The MCIClear register is a write-only register. The corresponding static status flags can be
cleared by writing a 1 to the corresponding bit in the register. Table 362 shows the bit
assignment of the MCIClear register.
Table 362: Clear register (MCIClear - address 0x400C 0038) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

CmdCrcFailClr

Clears CmdCrcFail flag.

DataCrcFailClr

Clears DataCrcFail flag.

CmdTimeOutClr

Clears CmdTimeOut flag.

DataTimeOutClr

Clears DataTimeOut flag.

TxUnderrunClr

Clears TxUnderrun flag.

RxOverrunClr

Clears RxOverrun flag.

CmdRespEndClr

Clears CmdRespEnd flag.

CmdSentClr

Clears CmdSent flag.

DataEndClr

Clears DataEnd flag.

StartBitErrClr

Clears StartBitErr flag.

10

DataBlockEndClr

Clears DataBlockEnd flag.

31:11

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be

written.

NA

16.6.13 Interrupt Mask Registers (MCIMask0 - 0x400C 003C)

The interrupt mask registers determine which status flags generate an interrupt request by
setting the corresponding bit to 1. Table 363 shows the bit assignment of the MCIMaskx
registers.
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Table 363: Interrupt Mask registers (MCIMask0 - address 0x400C 003C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

Mask0

Mask CmdCrcFail flag.

Mask1

Mask DataCrcFail flag.

Mask2

Mask CmdTimeOut flag.

Mask3

Mask DataTimeOut flag.

Mask4

Mask TxUnderrun flag.

Mask5

Mask RxOverrun flag.

Mask6

Mask CmdRespEnd flag.

Mask7

Mask CmdSent flag.

Mask8

Mask DataEnd flag.

Mask9

Mask StartBitErr flag.

10

Mask10

Mask DataBlockEnd flag.

11

Mask11

Mask CmdActive flag.

12

Mask12

Mask TxActive flag.

13

Mask13

Mask RxActive flag.

14

Mask14

Mask TxFifoHalfEmpty flag.

15

Mask15

Mask RxFifoHalfFull flag.

16

Mask16

Mask TxFifoFull flag.

17

Mask17

Mask RxFifoFull flag.

18

Mask18

Mask TxFifoEmpty flag.

19

Mask19

Mask RxFifoEmpty flag.

20

Mask20

Mask TxDataAvlbl flag.

21

Mask21

Mask RxDataAvlbl flag.

31:22

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be

written.

NA

16.6.14 FIFO Counter Register (MCIFifoCnt - 0x400C 0048)

The MCIFifoCnt register contains the remaining number of words to be written to or read
from the FIFO. The FIFO counter loads the value from the data length register (see
Section 16.6.8 Data Length Register (MCIDataLength - 0x400C 0028)) when the Enable
bit is set in the data control register. If the data length is not word aligned (multiple of 4),
the remaining 1 to 3 bytes are regarded as a word. Table 364 shows the bit assignment of
the MCIFifoCnt register.
Table 364: FIFO Counter register (MCIFifoCnt - address 0x400C 0048) bit description

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Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

14:0

DataCount

Remaining data

31:15

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be

written.

NA

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16.6.15 Data FIFO Register (MCIFIFO - 0x400C 0080 to 0x400C 00BC)

The receive and transmit FIFOs can be read or written as 32 bit wide registers. The FIFOs
contain 16 entries on 16 sequential addresses. This allows the microprocessor to use its
load and store multiple operands to read/write to the FIFO. Table 365 shows the bit
assignment of the MCIFIFO register.
Table 365: Data FIFO register (MCIFIFO - address 0x400C 0080 to 0x400C 00BC) bit
description

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Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

31:0

Data

FIFO data.

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17.1 Basic configuration

The UART1 peripheral is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bits PCUART1.
Remark: On reset, UART1 is enabled (PCUART1 = 1).

2. Peripheral clock: UART1 operates from the common PCLK that clocks both the bus
interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4.
3. Baud rate: In register U1LCR (Table 376), set bit DLAB =1. This enables access to
registers DLL (Table 370) and DLM (Table 371) for setting the baud rate. Also, if
needed, set the fractional baud rate in the fractional divider register (Table 383).
4. UART FIFO: Use bit FIFO enable (bit 0) in register U1FCR (Table 375) to enable the
FIFOs.
5. Pins: Select UART pins and pin modes through the in the relevant IOCON registers
(Section 8.4.1).
Remark: UART receive pins should not have pull-down resistors enabled.

6. Interrupts: To enable UART interrupts set bit DLAB =0 in register U1LCR (Table 376).
This enables access to U1IER (Table 372). Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using
the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.
7. DMA: UART1 transmit and receive functions can operated with the GPDMA controller
(see Table 664).

17.2 Features

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Full modem control handshaking available

Data sizes of 5, 6, 7, and 8 bits.
Parity generation and checking: odd, even mark, space or none.
One or two stop bits.
16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs.
Built-in baud rate generator, including a fractional rate divider for great versatility.
Supports DMA for both transmit and receive.
Auto-baud capability
Break generation and detection.
Multiprocessor addressing mode.
RS-485/EIA-485 support.

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17.3 Architecture
The architecture of the UART1 is shown below in the block diagram.
The APB interface provides a communications link between the CPU or host and the
UART1.
The UART1 receiver block, U1RX, monitors the serial input line, RXD1, for valid input.
The UART1 RX Shift Register (U1RSR) accepts valid characters via RXD1. After a valid
character is assembled in the U1RSR, it is passed to the UART1 RX Buffer Register FIFO
to await access by the CPU or host via the generic host interface.
The UART1 transmitter block, U1TX, accepts data written by the CPU or host and buffers
the data in the UART1 TX Holding Register FIFO (U1THR). The UART1 TX Shift Register
(U1TSR) reads the data stored in the U1THR and assembles the data to transmit via the
serial output pin, TXD1.
The UART1 Baud Rate Generator block, U1BRG, generates the timing enables used by
the UART1 TX block. The U1BRG clock input source is the APB clock (PCLK). The main
clock is divided down per the divisor specified in the U1DLL and U1DLM registers. This
divided down clock is the 16x oversample clock.
The modem interface contains registers U1MCR and U1MSR. This interface is
responsible for handshaking between a modem peripheral and the UART1.
The interrupt interface contains registers U1IER and U1IIR. The interrupt interface
receives several one clock wide enables from the U1TX and U1RX blocks.
Status information from the U1TX and U1RX is stored in the U1LSR. Control information
for the U1TX and U1RX is stored in the U1LCR.

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Transmitter
Transmitter
Holding
Register

Transmitter
FIFO

Transmitter
Shift
Register

U1_TXD

Transmitter
DMA
Interface
TX_DMA_REQ
TX_DMA_CLR
Baud Rate Generator
Fractional
Main
Rate
Divider
Divider
(DLM, DLL)

PCLK

UART1 interrupt
U1_CTS
U1_RTS
U1_DSR
U1_DTR
U1_DCD
U1_RI

Modem
Control
&
Status

FIFO Control
& Status
Interrupt
Control &
Status

U1_OE

Line Control
& Status
RS485 &
Auto-baud
Receiver

Receiver
Buffer
Register

Receiver
FIFO

Receiver
Shift
Register

U1_RXD

Receiver
DMA
Interface
RX_DMA_REQ
RX_DMA_CLR
110121

Fig 66. UART1 block diagram

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

17.4 Pin description

Table 366: UART1 Pin Description
Pin

Type

Description

U1_RXD

Input

Serial Input. Serial receive data.

U1_TXD

Output Serial Output. Serial transmit data.

U1_CTS

Input

Clear To Send. Active low signal indicates if the external modem is ready to accept transmitted data via
TXD1 from the UART1. In normal operation of the modem interface (U1MCR[4] = 0), the complement
value of this signal is stored in U1MSR[4]. State change information is stored in U1MSR[0] and is a
source for a priority level 4 interrupt, if enabled (U1IER[3] = 1).

Clear to send. CTS1 is an asynchronous, active low modem status signal. Its condition can be checked
by reading bit 4 (CTS) of the modem status register. Bit 0 (DCTS) of the Modem Status Register (MSR)
indicates that CTS1 has changed states since the last read from the MSR. If the modem status interrupt
is enabled when CTS1 changes levels and the auto-cts mode is not enabled, an interrupt is generated.
CTS1 is also used in the auto-cts mode to control the transmitter.
U1_DCD

Input

Data Carrier Detect. Active low signal indicates if the external modem has established a
communication link with the UART1 and data may be exchanged. In normal operation of the modem
interface (U1MCR[4]=0), the complement value of this signal is stored in U1MSR[7]. State change
information is stored in U1MSR3 and is a source for a priority level 4 interrupt, if enabled
(U1IER[3] = 1).

U1_DSR

Input

Data Set Ready. Active low signal indicates if the external modem is ready to establish a
communications link with the UART1. In normal operation of the modem interface (U1MCR[4] = 0), the
complement value of this signal is stored in U1MSR[5]. State change information is stored in U1MSR[1]
and is a source for a priority level 4 interrupt, if enabled (U1IER[3] = 1).

U1_DTR

Output Data Terminal Ready. Active low signal indicates that the UART1 is ready to establish connection with
external modem. The complement value of this signal is stored in U1MCR[0].
The DTR pin can also be used as an RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal.

U1_RI

Input

U1_RTS

Output Request To Send. Active low signal indicates that the UART1 would like to transmit data to the external
modem. The complement value of this signal is stored in U1MCR[1].

Ring Indicator. Active low signal indicates that a telephone ringing signal has been detected by the
modem. In normal operation of the modem interface (U1MCR[4] = 0), the complement value of this
signal is stored in U1MSR[6]. State change information is stored in U1MSR[2] and is a source for a
priority level 4 interrupt, if enabled (U1IER[3] = 1).

In auto-rts mode, RTS1 is used to control the transmitter FIFO threshold logic.
Request to send. RTS1 is an active low signal informing the modem or data set that the UART is ready
to receive data. RTS1 is set to the active (low) level by setting the RTS modem control register bit and is
set to the inactive (high) level either as a result of a system reset or during loop-back mode operations
or by clearing bit 1 (RTS) of the MCR. In the auto-rts mode, RTS1 is controlled by the transmitter FIFO
threshold logic.
The RTS pin can also be used as an RS-485/EIA-485 output enable signal.

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17.5 Register description

UART1 contains registers organized as shown in Table 367. The Divisor Latch Access Bit
(DLAB) is contained in U1LCR[7] and enables access to the Divisor Latches.
Table 367: UART1 register map
Name

Description

Access

Reset
Value[1]

Address

Table

U1RBR

Receiver Buffer Register. Contains the next received character

to be read.

RO

NA

0x4001 0000

368

Transmit Holding Register. The next character to be transmitted

is written here.

WO

NA

0x4001 0000

369

Divisor Latch LSB. Least significant byte of the baud rate divisor
value. The full divisor is used to generate a baud rate from the
fractional rate divider.

R/W

0x01

0x4001 0000

370

Divisor Latch MSB. Most significant byte of the baud rate divisor
value. The full divisor is used to generate a baud rate from the
fractional rate divider.

R/W

0x4001 0004

371

Interrupt Enable Register. Contains individual interrupt enable

bits for the 7 potential UART1 interrupts.

R/W

0x4001 0004

372

(DLAB =0)
U1IIR

Interrupt ID Register. Identifies which interrupt(s) are pending.

RO

0x01

0x4001 0008

373

U1FCR

FIFO Control Register. Controls UART1 FIFO usage and

modes.

WO

0x4001 0008

375

U1LCR

Line Control Register. Contains controls for frame formatting

and break generation.

R/W

0x4001 000C

376

U1MCR

Modem Control Register. Contains controls for flow control

handshaking and loopback mode.

R/W

0x4001 0010

377

U1LSR

Line Status Register. Contains flags for transmit and receive

status, including line errors.

RO

0x60

0x4001 0014

379

U1MSR

Modem Status Register. Contains handshake signal status

flags.

RO

0x4001 0018

380

U1SCR

Scratch Pad Register. 8-bit temporary storage for software.

R/W

0x4001 001C

381

U1ACR

Auto-baud Control Register. Contains controls for the auto-baud

feature.

R/W

0x4001 0020

382

U1FDR

Fractional Divider Register. Generates a clock input for the baud

rate divider.

R/W

0x10

0x4001 0028

383

U1TER

Transmit Enable Register. Turns off UART transmitter for use

with software flow control.

R/W

0x80

0x4001 0030

385

U1RS485CTRL RS-485/EIA-485 Control. Contains controls to configure various

aspects of RS-485/EIA-485 modes.

R/W

0x4001 004C

386

U1ADRMATCH RS-485/EIA-485 address match. Contains the address match

value for RS-485/EIA-485 mode.

R/W

0x4001 0050

387

U1RS485DLY

R/W

0x4001 0054

388

(DLAB =0)
U1THR
(DLAB =0)
U1DLL
(DLAB =1)
U1DLM
(DLAB =1)
U1IER

[1]

RS-485/EIA-485 direction control delay.

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

17.5.1 UART1 Receiver Buffer Register (U1RBR - 0x4001 0000, when

DLAB = 0)
The U1RBR is the top byte of the UART1 RX FIFO. The top byte of the RX FIFO contains
the oldest character received and can be read via the bus interface. The LSB (bit 0)
represents the oldest received data bit. If the character received is less than 8 bits, the
unused MSBs are padded with zeroes.
The Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) in U1LCR must be zero in order to access the
U1RBR. The U1RBR is always read-only.
Since PE, FE and BI bits correspond to the byte sitting on the top of the RBR FIFO (i.e.
the one that will be read in the next read from the RBR), the right approach for fetching the
valid pair of received byte and its status bits is first to read the content of the U1LSR
register, and then to read a byte from the U1RBR.
Table 368: UART1 Receiver Buffer Register (U1RBR - address 0x4001 0000 when DLAB = 0) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

Reset Value

7:0

RBR

The UART1 Receiver Buffer Register contains the oldest received byte in the UART1 RX
FIFO.

undefined

31:8

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

17.5.2 UART1 Transmitter Holding Register (U1THR - 0x4001 0000 when

DLAB = 0)
The write-only U1THR is the top byte of the UART1 TX FIFO. The top byte is the newest
character in the TX FIFO and can be written via the bus interface. The LSB represents the
first bit to transmit.
The Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) in U1LCR must be zero in order to access the
U1THR. The U1THR is write-only.
Table 369: UART1 Transmitter Holding Register (U1THR - address 0x4001 0000 when DLAB = 0) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

7:0

THR

Writing to the UART1 Transmit Holding Register causes the data to be stored in the UART1 NA
transmit FIFO. The byte will be sent when it reaches the bottom of the FIFO and the
transmitter is available.

Reset Value

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

17.5.3 UART1 Divisor Latch LSB and MSB Registers (U1DLL - 0x4001 0000
and U1DLM - 0x4001 0004, when DLAB = 1)
The UART1 Divisor Latch is part of the UART1 Baud Rate Generator and holds the value
used, along with the Fractional Divider, to divide the APB clock (PCLK) in order to produce
the baud rate clock, which must be 16x the desired baud rate. The U1DLL and U1DLM
registers together form a 16-bit divisor where U1DLL contains the lower 8 bits of the
divisor and U1DLM contains the higher 8 bits of the divisor. A 0x0000 value is treated like
a 0x0001 value as division by zero is not allowed.The Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) in
U1LCR must be one in order to access the UART1 Divisor Latches. Details on how to
select the right value for U1DLL and U1DLM can be found later in this chapter, see
Section 17.5.16.

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Table 370: UART1 Divisor Latch LSB Register (U1DLL - address 0x4001 0000 when DLAB = 1) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

Reset Value

7:0

DLLSB

The UART1 Divisor Latch LSB Register, along with the U1DLM register, determines the
baud rate of the UART1.

0x01

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Table 371: UART1 Divisor Latch MSB Register (U1DLM - address 0x4001 0004 when DLAB = 1) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

Reset Value

7:0

DLMSB

The UART1 Divisor Latch MSB Register, along with the U1DLL register, determines the
baud rate of the UART1.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

17.5.4 UART1 Interrupt Enable Register (U1IER - 0x4001 0004, when

DLAB = 0)
The U1IER is used to enable the four UART1 interrupt sources.
Table 372: UART1 Interrupt Enable Register (U1IER - address 0x4001 0004 when DLAB = 0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

RBR
Interrupt
Enable

THRE
Interrupt
Enable

RX Line
Interrupt
Enable

Modem
Status
Interrupt
Enable

Value Description

Reset
Value

enables the Receive Data Available interrupt for UART1. It also controls the Character
Receive Time-out interrupt.
0

Disable the RDA interrupts.

Enable the RDA interrupts.

enables the THRE interrupt for UART1. The status of this interrupt can be read from
U1LSR[5].

Disable the THRE interrupts.

Enable the THRE interrupts.

enables the UART1 RX line status interrupts. The status of this interrupt can be read
from U1LSR[4:1].
0

Disable the RX line status interrupts.

Enable the RX line status interrupts.

enables the modem interrupt. The status of this interrupt can be read from U1MSR[3:0]. 0
0

Disable the modem interrupt.

Enable the modem interrupt.

6:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

CTS
Interrupt
Enable

If auto-cts mode is enabled this bit enables/disables the modem status interrupt
generation on a CTS1 signal transition. If auto-cts mode is disabled a CTS1 transition
will generate an interrupt if Modem Status Interrupt Enable (U1IER[3]) is set.

In normal operation a CTS1 signal transition will generate a Modem Status Interrupt
unless the interrupt has been disabled by clearing the U1IER[3] bit in the U1IER
register. In auto-cts mode a transition on the CTS1 bit will trigger an interrupt only if both
the U1IER[3] and U1IER[7] bits are set.

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Disable the CTS interrupt.

Enable the CTS interrupt.

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Table 372: UART1 Interrupt Enable Register (U1IER - address 0x4001 0004 when DLAB = 0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

ABEOIntEn

Value Description

Reset
Value

Enables the end of auto-baud interrupt.

0

Disable end of auto-baud Interrupt.

Enable end of auto-baud Interrupt.

ABTOIntEn

Enables the auto-baud time-out interrupt.

0

Disable auto-baud time-out Interrupt.

Enable auto-baud time-out Interrupt.

31:10 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

17.5.5 UART1 Interrupt Identification Register (U1IIR - 0x4001 0008)

The U1IIR provides a status code that denotes the priority and source of a pending
interrupt. The interrupts are frozen during an U1IIR access. If an interrupt occurs during
an U1IIR access, the interrupt is recorded for the next U1IIR access.
Table 373: UART1 Interrupt Identification Register (U1IIR - address 0x4001 0008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

IntStatus

Value Description

Interrupt status. Note that U1IIR[0] is active low. The pending interrupt can be
determined by evaluating U1IIR[3:1].
0

At least one interrupt is pending.

1

3:1

Reset
Value

IntId

No interrupt is pending.
Interrupt identification. U1IER[3:1] identifies an interrupt corresponding to the
UART1 Rx or TX FIFO. All other combinations of U1IER[3:1] not listed below
are reserved (100,101,111).

011

1 - Receive Line Status (RLS).

010

2a - Receive Data Available (RDA).

110

2b - Character Time-out Indicator (CTI).

001

3 - THRE Interrupt.

000

4 - Modem Interrupt.

5:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

7:6

FIFO Enable

Copies of U1FCR[0].

ABEOInt

End of auto-baud interrupt. True if auto-baud has finished successfully and

interrupt is enabled.

ABTOInt

Auto-baud time-out interrupt. True if auto-baud has timed out and interrupt is
enabled.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:10 -

Bit U1IIR[9:8] are set by the auto-baud function and signal a time-out or end of auto-baud
condition. The auto-baud interrupt conditions are cleared by setting the corresponding
Clear bits in the Auto-baud Control Register.
If the IntStatus bit is 1 no interrupt is pending and the IntId bits will be zero. If the IntStatus
is 0, a non auto-baud interrupt is pending in which case the IntId bits identify the type of
interrupt and handling as described in Table 374. Given the status of U1IIR[3:0], an

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

interrupt handler routine can determine the cause of the interrupt and how to clear the
active interrupt. The U1IIR must be read in order to clear the interrupt prior to exiting the
Interrupt Service Routine.
The UART1 RLS interrupt (U1IIR[3:1] = 011) is the highest priority interrupt and is set
whenever any one of four error conditions occur on the UART1RX input: overrun error
(OE), parity error (PE), framing error (FE) and break interrupt (BI). The UART1 Rx error
condition that set the interrupt can be observed via U1LSR[4:1]. The interrupt is cleared
upon an U1LSR read.
The UART1 RDA interrupt (U1IIR[3:1] = 010) shares the second level priority with the CTI
interrupt (U1IIR[3:1] = 110). The RDA is activated when the UART1 Rx FIFO reaches the
trigger level defined in U1FCR7:6 and is reset when the UART1 Rx FIFO depth falls below
the trigger level. When the RDA interrupt goes active, the CPU can read a block of data
defined by the trigger level.
The CTI interrupt (U1IIR[3:1] = 110) is a second level interrupt and is set when the UART1
Rx FIFO contains at least one character and no UART1 Rx FIFO activity has occurred in
3.5 to 4.5 character times. Any UART1 Rx FIFO activity (read or write of UART1 RSR) will
clear the interrupt. This interrupt is intended to flush the UART1 RBR after a message has
been received that is not a multiple of the trigger level size. For example, if a peripheral
wished to send a 105 character message and the trigger level was 10 characters, the
CPU would receive 10 RDA interrupts resulting in the transfer of 100 characters and 1 to 5
CTI interrupts (depending on the service routine) resulting in the transfer of the remaining
5 characters.
Table 374: UART1 Interrupt Handling
U1IIR[3:0] Priority Interrupt
value[1]
Type

Interrupt Source

Interrupt Reset

0001

None

0110

Highest RX Line
Status /
Error

OE[2] or PE[2] or FE[2] or BI[2]

U1LSR Read[2]

0100

Second RX Data
Available

Rx data available or trigger level reached in FIFO

(U1FCR0=1)

U1RBR Read[3] or UART1

FIFO drops below trigger level

1100

U1RBR Read[3]
Second Character Minimum of one character in the RX FIFO and no
Time-out character input or removed during a time period depending
indication on how many characters are in FIFO and what the trigger
level is set at (3.5 to 4.5 character times).

None

The exact time will be:

[(word length) 7 - 2] 8 + [(trigger level - number of
characters) 8 + 1] RCLKs
0010

Third

THRE

THRE[2]

U1IIR Read[4] (if source of

interrupt) or THR write

0000

Fourth

Modem
Status

CTS or DSR or RI or DCD

MSR Read

UM10470

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[1]

Values "0000", 0011, 0101, 0111, 1000, 1001, 1010, 1011,1101,1110,1111 are reserved.

[2]

For details see Section 17.5.10 UART1 Line Status Register (U1LSR - 0x4001 0014)

[3]

For details see Section 17.5.1 UART1 Receiver Buffer Register (U1RBR - 0x4001 0000, when DLAB = 0)

[4]

For details see Section 17.5.5 UART1 Interrupt Identification Register (U1IIR - 0x4001 0008) and
Section 17.5.2 UART1 Transmitter Holding Register (U1THR - 0x4001 0000 when DLAB = 0)
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The UART1 THRE interrupt (U1IIR[3:1] = 001) is a third level interrupt and is activated
when the UART1 THR FIFO is empty provided certain initialization conditions have been
met. These initialization conditions are intended to give the UART1 THR FIFO a chance to
fill up with data to eliminate many THRE interrupts from occurring at system start-up. The
initialization conditions implement a one character delay minus the stop bit whenever
THRE = 1 and there have not been at least two characters in the U1THR at one time
since the last THRE = 1 event. This delay is provided to give the CPU time to write data to
U1THR without a THRE interrupt to decode and service. A THRE interrupt is set
immediately if the UART1 THR FIFO has held two or more characters at one time and
currently, the U1THR is empty. The THRE interrupt is reset when a U1THR write occurs or
a read of the U1IIR occurs and the THRE is the highest interrupt (U1IIR[3:1] = 001).
It is the lowest priority interrupt and is activated whenever there is any state change on
modem inputs pins, DCD, DSR or CTS. In addition, a low to high transition on modem
input RI will generate a modem interrupt. The source of the modem interrupt can be
determined by examining U1MSR[3:0]. A U1MSR read will clear the modem interrupt.

17.5.6 UART1 FIFO Control Register (U1FCR - 0x4001 0008)

The write-only U1FCR controls the operation of the UART1 RX and TX FIFOs.
Table 375: UART1 FIFO Control Register (U1FCR - address 0x4001 0008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset Value

FIFO Enable

UART1 FIFOs are disabled. Must not be used in the application.

Active high enable for both UART1 Rx and TX FIFOs and U1FCR[7:1] access.
This bit must be set for proper UART1 operation. Any transition on this bit will
automatically clear the UART1 FIFOs.

RX FIFO
Reset

No impact on either of UART1 FIFOs.

Writing a logic 1 to U1FCR[1] will clear all bytes in UART1 Rx FIFO, reset the
pointer logic. This bit is self-clearing.

TX FIFO
Reset

No impact on either of UART1 FIFOs.

Writing a logic 1 to U1FCR[2] will clear all bytes in UART1 TX FIFO, reset the
pointer logic. This bit is self-clearing.

DMA Mode
Select

When the FIFO enable (bit 0 of this register) is set, this bit selects the DMA
mode. See Section 17.5.6.1.

5:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

7:6

RX Trigger
Level

These two bits determine how many receiver UART1 FIFO characters must be 0
written before an interrupt is activated.
00

Trigger level 0 (1 character or 0x01).

01

Trigger level 1 (4 characters or 0x04).

10

Trigger level 2 (8 characters or 0x08).

11
31:8

Trigger level 3 (14 characters or 0x0E).

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

17.5.6.1 DMA Operation

The user can optionally operate the UART transmit and/or receive using DMA. The DMA
mode is determined by the DMA Mode Select bit in the FCR register. This bit only has an
affect when the FIFOs are enabled via the FIFO Enable bit in the FCR register.

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

UART receiver DMA

In DMA mode, the receiver DMA request is asserted on the event of the receiver FIFO
level becoming equal to or greater than trigger level, or if a character timeout occurs. See
the description of the RX Trigger Level above. The receiver DMA request is cleared by the
DMA controller.
UART transmitter DMA

In DMA mode, the transmitter DMA request is asserted on the event of the transmitter
FIFO transitioning to not full. The transmitter DMA request is cleared by the DMA
controller.

17.5.7 UART1 Line Control Register (U1LCR - 0x4001 000C)

The U1LCR determines the format of the data character that is to be transmitted or
received.
Table 376: UART1 Line Control Register (U1LCR - address 0x4001 000C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset Value

1:0

Word Length
Select

00

5-bit character length.

01

6-bit character length.

10

7-bit character length.

11

8-bit character length.

1 stop bit.

Stop Bit Select

0
1

2 stop bits (1.5 if U1LCR[1:0]=00).

Parity Enable

Disable parity generation and checking.

Enable parity generation and checking.

00

Odd parity. Number of 1s in the transmitted character and the attached

parity bit will be odd.

01

Even Parity. Number of 1s in the transmitted character and the attached

parity bit will be even.

10

Forced "1" stick parity.

5:4

7
31:8

Parity Select

Break Control

0
0

11

Forced "0" stick parity.

Disable break transmission.

Enable break transmission. Output pin UART1 TXD is forced to logic 0

when U1LCR[6] is active high.

Divisor Latch
0
Access Bit (DLAB) 1

Disable access to Divisor Latches.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

Enable access to Divisor Latches.

NA

17.5.8 UART1 Modem Control Register (U1MCR - 0x4001 0010)

The U1MCR enables the modem loopback mode and controls the modem output signals.

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

Table 377: UART1 Modem Control Register (U1MCR - address 0x4001 0010) bit description
Bit

Symbol

DTR Control

Source for modem output pin, DTR. This bit reads as 0 when modem loopback mode 0
is active.

RTS Control

Source for modem output pin RTS. This bit reads as 0 when modem loopback mode is 0
active.

3-2

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

Loopback
Mode Select

The modem loopback mode provides a mechanism to perform diagnostic loopback

0
testing. Serial data from the transmitter is connected internally to serial input of the
receiver. Input pin, RXD1, has no effect on loopback and output pin, TXD1 is held in
marking state. The 4 modem inputs (CTS, DSR, RI and DCD) are disconnected
externally. Externally, the modem outputs (RTS, DTR) are set inactive. Internally, the 4
modem outputs are connected to the 4 modem inputs. As a result of these
connections, the upper 4 bits of the U1MSR will be driven by the lower 4 bits of the
U1MCR rather than the 4 modem inputs in normal mode. This permits modem status
interrupts to be generated in loopback mode by writing the lower 4 bits of U1MCR.

RTSen

7
31:8

CTSen
-

Value Description

Reset
value

Disable modem loopback mode.

Enable modem loopback mode.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

Disable auto-rts flow control.

Enable auto-rts flow control.

Disable auto-cts flow control.

Enable auto-cts flow control.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0
NA

17.5.9 Auto-flow control

If auto-RTS mode is enabled the UART1s receiver FIFO hardware controls the RTS1
output of the UART1. If the auto-CTS mode is enabled the UART1s U1TSR hardware will
only start transmitting if the CTS1 input signal is asserted.
17.5.9.1

Auto-RTS
The auto-RTS function is enabled by setting the RTSen bit. Auto-RTS data flow control
originates in the U1RBR module and is linked to the programmed receiver FIFO trigger
level. If auto-RTS is enabled, the data-flow is controlled as follows:
When the receiver FIFO level reaches the programmed trigger level, RTS1 is de-asserted
(to a high value). It is possible that the sending UART sends an additional byte after the
trigger level is reached (assuming the sending UART has another byte to send) because it
might not recognize the de-assertion of RTS1 until after it has begun sending the
additional byte. RTS1 is automatically reasserted (to a low value) once the receiver FIFO
has reached the previous trigger level. The re-assertion of RTS1 signals to the sending
UART to continue transmitting data.
If Auto-RTS mode is disabled, the RTSen bit controls the RTS1 output of the UART1. If
Auto-RTS mode is enabled, hardware controls the RTS1 output, and the actual value of
RTS1 will be copied in the RTS Control bit of the UART1. As long as Auto-RTS is enabled,
the value of the RTS Control bit is read-only for software.

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

Example: Suppose the UART1 operating in 550 mode has trigger level in U1FCR set to
0x2 then if Auto-RTS is enabled the UART1 will de-assert the RTS1 output as soon as the
receive FIFO contains 8 bytes (Table 375 on page 438). The RTS1 output will be
reasserted as soon as the receive FIFO hits the previous trigger level: 4 bytes.

~
~

UART1 Rx
byte N

stop

start

bits0..7

stop

N-1

N-2

start

bits0..7

stop

~
~

start

RTS1 pin

~
~~
~

UART1 Rx
FIFO read
UART1 Rx
FIFO level

N-1

N-2

M+2

M+1

M-1

~
~

N-1

Fig 67. Auto-RTS Functional Timing

17.5.9.2

Auto-CTS

The Auto-CTS function is enabled by setting the CTSen bit. If Auto-CTS is enabled the
transmitter circuitry in the U1TSR module checks CTS1 input before sending the next
data byte. When CTS1 is active (low), the transmitter sends the next byte. To stop the
transmitter from sending the following byte, CTS1 must be released before the middle of
the last stop bit that is currently being sent. In Auto-CTS mode a change of the CTS1
signal does not trigger a modem status interrupt unless the CTS Interrupt Enable bit is set,
Delta CTS bit in the U1MSR will be set though. Table 378 lists the conditions for
generating a Modem Status interrupt.
Table 378: Modem status interrupt generation
Enable Modem Status
Interrupt (U1ER[3])

CTSen
CTS Interrupt
Delta CTS Delta DCD or Trailing Edge RI Modem Status
(U1MCR[7]) Enable (U1IER[7]) (U1MSR[0]) or Delta DSR (U1MSR[3] or
Interrupt
U1MSR[2] or U1MSR[1])

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

The auto-CTS function reduces interrupts to the host system. When flow control is
enabled, a CTS1 state change does not trigger host interrupts because the device
automatically controls its own transmitter. Without Auto-CTS, the transmitter sends any
data present in the transmit FIFO and a receiver overrun error can result. Figure 68
illustrates the Auto-CTS functional timing.

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~
~

UART1 TX
bits0..7

stop

start

bits0..7

stop

start

bits0..7

stop

~
~

start

~
~

Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

~
~

CTS1 pin

Fig 68. Auto-CTS Functional Timing

While starting transmission of the initial character the CTS1 signal is asserted.
Transmission will stall as soon as the pending transmission has completed. The UART will
continue transmitting a 1 bit as long as CTS1 is de-asserted (high). As soon as CTS1 gets
de-asserted transmission resumes and a start bit is sent followed by the data bits of the
next character.

17.5.10 UART1 Line Status Register (U1LSR - 0x4001 0014)

The U1LSR is a read-only register that provides status information on the UART1 TX and
RX blocks.
Table 379: UART1 Line Status Register (U1LSR - address 0x4001 0014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Receiver Data
Ready (RDR)

Value Description

Reset
Value

U1LSR[0] is set when the U1RBR holds an unread character and is cleared when 0
the UART1 RBR FIFO is empty.
0

The UART1 receiver FIFO is empty.

The UART1 receiver FIFO is not empty.

Overrun Error
(OE)

The overrun error condition is set as soon as it occurs. An U1LSR read clears
U1LSR[1]. U1LSR[1] is set when UART1 RSR has a new character assembled
and the UART1 RBR FIFO is full. In this case, the UART1 RBR FIFO will not be
overwritten and the character in the UART1 RSR will be lost.
0

Overrun error status is inactive.

Overrun error status is active.

Parity Error (PE)

When the parity bit of a received character is in the wrong state, a parity error
occurs. An U1LSR read clears U1LSR[2]. Time of parity error detection is
dependent on U1FCR[0].

Note: A parity error is associated with the character at the top of the UART1 RBR
FIFO.

Parity error status is inactive.

Parity error status is active.

0
When the stop bit of a received character is a logic 0, a framing error occurs. An
U1LSR read clears U1LSR[3]. The time of the framing error detection is
dependent on U1FCR0. Upon detection of a framing error, the RX will attempt to
resynchronize to the data and assume that the bad stop bit is actually an early
start bit. However, it cannot be assumed that the next received byte will be correct
even if there is no Framing Error.

Framing Error
(FE)

Note: A framing error is associated with the character at the top of the UART1
RBR FIFO.

UM10470

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Framing error status is inactive.

Framing error status is active.

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Table 379: UART1 Line Status Register (U1LSR - address 0x4001 0014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Break Interrupt
(BI)

Value Description

Reset
Value

When RXD1 is held in the spacing state (all zeroes) for one full character
transmission (start, data, parity, stop), a break interrupt occurs. Once the break
condition has been detected, the receiver goes idle until RXD1 goes to marking
state (all ones). An U1LSR read clears this status bit. The time of break detection
is dependent on U1FCR[0].

Note: The break interrupt is associated with the character at the top of the UART1
RBR FIFO.

31:8

Transmitter
Holding Register
Empty (THRE)

Break interrupt status is inactive.

Break interrupt status is active.

THRE is set immediately upon detection of an empty UART1 THR and is cleared
on a U1THR write.

U1THR contains valid data.

U1THR is empty.

Transmitter
Empty (TEMT)

TEMT is set when both U1THR and U1TSR are empty; TEMT is cleared when
either the U1TSR or the U1THR contain valid data.
0

U1THR and/or the U1TSR contains valid data.

U1THR and the U1TSR are empty.

Error in RX FIFO
(RXFE)

U1LSR[7] is set when a character with a RX error such as framing error, parity
error or break interrupt, is loaded into the U1RBR. This bit is cleared when the
U1LSR register is read and there are no subsequent errors in the UART1 FIFO.
0

U1RBR contains no UART1 RX errors or U1FCR[0]=0.

UART1 RBR contains at least one UART1 RX error.

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

17.5.11 UART1 Modem Status Register (U1MSR - 0x4001 0018)

The U1MSR is a read-only register that provides status information on the modem input
signals. U1MSR[3:0] is cleared on U1MSR read. Note that modem signals have no direct
effect on UART1 operation, they facilitate software implementation of modem signal
operations.
Table 380: UART1 Modem Status Register (U1MSR - address 0x4001 0018) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Delta CTS

Value Description

Set upon state change of input CTS. Cleared on an U1MSR read.

0

No change detected on modem input, CTS.

State change detected on modem input, CTS.

Delta DSR
0

No change detected on modem input, DSR.

State change detected on modem input, DSR.

Trailing Edge RI
1

User manual

Set upon low to high transition of input RI. Cleared on an U1MSR read.

Delta DCD

UM10470

Set upon state change of input DSR. Cleared on an U1MSR read.

0
3

Reset Value

No change detected on modem input, RI.

Low-to-high transition detected on RI.
Set upon state change of input DCD. Cleared on an U1MSR read.

No change detected on modem input, DCD.

State change detected on modem input, DCD.

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Table 380: UART1 Modem Status Register (U1MSR - address 0x4001 0018) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset Value

CTS

Clear To Send State. Complement of input signal CTS. This bit is

connected to U1MCR[1] in modem loopback mode.

DSR

Data Set Ready State. Complement of input signal DSR. This bit is
connected to U1MCR[0] in modem loopback mode.

RI

Ring Indicator State. Complement of input RI. This bit is connected to

U1MCR[2] in modem loopback mode.

DCD

Data Carrier Detect State. Complement of input DCD. This bit is connected 0
to U1MCR[3] in modem loopback mode.

31:8

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

17.5.12 UART1 Scratch Pad Register (U1SCR - 0x4001 001C)

The U1SCR has no effect on the UART1 operation. This register can be written and/or
read at users discretion. There is no provision in the interrupt interface that would indicate
to the host that a read or write of the U1SCR has occurred.
Table 381: UART1 Scratch Pad Register (U1SCR - address 0x4001 0014) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

Reset Value

7:0

Pad

A readable, writable byte.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

17.5.13 UART1 Auto-baud Control Register (U1ACR - 0x4001 0020)

The UART1 Auto-baud Control Register (U1ACR) controls the process of measuring the
incoming clock/data rate for the baud rate generation and can be read and written at
users discretion.
Table 382: Auto-baud Control Register (U1ACR - address 0x4001 0020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Start

Value Description

Reset value

This bit is automatically cleared after auto-baud completion.

0

Auto-baud stop (auto-baud is not running).

Auto-baud start (auto-baud is running). Auto-baud run bit. This bit is

automatically cleared after auto-baud completion.

Mode

Auto-baud mode select bit.

0

Mode 0.

Mode 1.

No restart

AutoRestart

Restart in case of time-out (counter restarts at next UART1 Rx falling edge)

7:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

ABEOIntClr

End of auto-baud interrupt clear bit (write-only accessible).

Writing a 0 has no impact.

Writing a 1 will clear the corresponding interrupt in the U1IIR.

ABTOIntClr

31:10 UM10470

User manual

Auto-baud time-out interrupt clear bit (write-only accessible).

0

Writing a 0 has no impact.

Writing a 1 will clear the corresponding interrupt in the U1IIR.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.
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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

17.5.14 Auto-baud
The UART1 auto-baud function can be used to measure the incoming baud-rate based on
the AT protocol (Hayes command). If enabled the auto-baud feature will measure the bit
time of the receive data stream and set the divisor latch registers U1DLM and U1DLL
accordingly.
Remark: the fractional rate divider is not connected during auto-baud operations, and
therefore should not be used when the auto-baud feature is needed.

Auto-baud is started by setting the U1ACR Start bit. Auto-baud can be stopped by clearing
the U1ACR Start bit. The Start bit will clear once auto-baud has finished and reading the
bit will return the status of auto-baud (pending/finished).
Two auto-baud measuring modes are available which can be selected by the U1ACR
Mode bit. In mode 0 the baud-rate is measured on two subsequent falling edges of the
UART1 Rx pin (the falling edge of the start bit and the falling edge of the least significant
bit). In mode 1 the baud-rate is measured between the falling edge and the subsequent
rising edge of the UART1 Rx pin (the length of the start bit).
The U1ACR AutoRestart bit can be used to automatically restart baud-rate measurement
if a time-out occurs (the rate measurement counter overflows). If this bit is set the rate
measurement will restart at the next falling edge of the UART1 Rx pin.
The auto-baud function can generate two interrupts.

The U1IIR ABTOInt interrupt will get set if the interrupt is enabled (U1IER ABToIntEn
is set and the auto-baud rate measurement counter overflows).

The U1IIR ABEOInt interrupt will get set if the interrupt is enabled (U1IER ABEOIntEn
is set and the auto-baud has completed successfully).
The auto-baud interrupts have to be cleared by setting the corresponding U1ACR
ABTOIntClr and ABEOIntEn bits.
Typically the fractional baud-rate generator is disabled (DIVADDVAL = 0) during
auto-baud. However, if the fractional baud-rate generator is enabled (DIVADDVAL > 0), it
is going to impact the measuring of UART1 Rx pin baud-rate, but the value of the U1FDR
register is not going to be modified after rate measurement. Also, when auto-baud is used,
any write to U1DLM and U1DLL registers should be done before U1ACR register write.
The minimum and the maximum baud rates supported by UART1 are function of pclk,
number of data bits, stop bits and parity bits.
(1)

2 P CLK
PCLK
ratemin = ------------------------- UART 1 baudrate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ = ratemax
16 2 15

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16 2 + databits + paritybits + stopbits

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

17.5.15 Auto-baud modes

When the software is expecting an AT command, it configures the UART1 with the
expected character format and sets the U1ACR Start bit. The initial values in the divisor
latches U1DLM and U1DLM dont care. Because of the A or a ASCII coding
(A" = 0x41, a = 0x61), the UART1 Rx pin sensed start bit and the LSB of the expected
character are delimited by two falling edges. When the U1ACR Start bit is set, the
auto-baud protocol will execute the following phases:
1. On U1ACR Start bit setting, the baud-rate measurement counter is reset and the
UART1 U1RSR is reset. The U1RSR baud rate is switch to the highest rate.
2. A falling edge on UART1 Rx pin triggers the beginning of the start bit. The rate
measuring counter will start counting pclk cycles optionally pre-scaled by the
fractional baud-rate generator.
3. During the receipt of the start bit, 16 pulses are generated on the RSR baud input with
the frequency of the (fractional baud-rate pre-scaled) UART1 input clock,
guaranteeing the start bit is stored in the U1RSR.
4. During the receipt of the start bit (and the character LSB for mode = 0) the rate
counter will continue incrementing with the pre-scaled UART1 input clock (pclk).
5. If Mode = 0 then the rate counter will stop on next falling edge of the UART1 Rx pin. If
Mode = 1 then the rate counter will stop on the next rising edge of the UART1 Rx pin.
6. The rate counter is loaded into U1DLM/U1DLL and the baud-rate will be switched to
normal operation. After setting the U1DLM/U1DLL the end of auto-baud interrupt
U1IIR ABEOInt will be set, if enabled. The U1RSR will now continue receiving the
remaining bits of the A/a character.

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

'A' (0x41) or 'a' (0x61)

start

bit0

bit1

bit2

bit3

bit4

bit5

bit6

bit7

parity stop

UARTn RX
start bit

LSB of 'A' or 'a'

U0ACR start
rate counter
16xbaud_rate

16 cycles

16 cycles

a. Mode 0 (start bit and LSB are used for auto-baud)

'A' (0x41) or 'a' (0x61)
start

bit0

bit1

bit2

bit3

bit4

bit5

bit6

bit7

parity stop

UARTn RX
start bit

LSB of 'A' or 'a'

U1ACR start
rate counter
16xbaud_rate

16 cycles

b. Mode 1 (only start bit is used for auto-baud)

Fig 69. Auto-baud a) mode 0 and b) mode 1 waveform

17.5.16 UART1 Fractional Divider Register (U1FDR - 0x4001 0028)

The UART1 Fractional Divider Register (U1FDR) controls the clock pre-scaler for the
baud rate generation and can be read and written at the users discretion. This pre-scaler
takes the APB clock and generates an output clock according to the specified fractional
requirements.
Important: If the fractional divider is active (DIVADDVAL > 0) and DLM = 0, the value of
the DLL register must be greater than 2.

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

Table 383: UART1 Fractional Divider Register (U1FDR - address 0x4001 0028) bit description
Bit

Function

Value Description

3:0

DIVADDVAL 0

Baud-rate generation pre-scaler divisor value. If this field is 0, fractional

baud-rate generator will not impact the UARTn baudrate.

7:4

MULVAL

Baud-rate pre-scaler multiplier value. This field must be greater or equal 1 for
UARTn to operate properly, regardless of whether the fractional baud-rate
generator is used or not.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

Reset value

This register controls the clock pre-scaler for the baud rate generation. The reset value of
the register keeps the fractional capabilities of UART1 disabled making sure that UART1
is fully software and hardware compatible with UARTs not equipped with this feature.
UART1 baud rate can be calculated as (n = 1):
(2)

PCLK
UART1 baudrate = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DivAddVal
16 256 U1DLM + U1DLL 1 + ---------------------------
MulVal

Where PCLK is the peripheral clock, U1DLM and U1DLL are the standard UART1 baud
rate divider registers, and DIVADDVAL and MULVAL are UART1 fractional baud rate
generator specific parameters.
The value of MULVAL and DIVADDVAL should comply to the following conditions:
1. 1 MULVAL 15
2. 0 DIVADDVAL 14
3. DIVADDVAL < MULVAL
The value of the U1FDR should not be modified while transmitting/receiving data or data
may be lost or corrupted.
If the U1FDR register value does not comply to these two requests, then the fractional
divider output is undefined. If DIVADDVAL is zero then the fractional divider is disabled,
and the clock will not be divided.

17.5.16.1 Baud rate calculation

UART1 can operate with or without using the Fractional Divider. In real-life applications it
is likely that the desired baud rate can be achieved using several different Fractional
Divider settings. The following algorithm illustrates one way of finding a set of DLM, DLL,
MULVAL, and DIVADDVAL values. Such set of parameters yields a baud rate with a
relative error of less than 1.1% from the desired one.

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

Calculating UART
baudrate (BR)

PCLK,
BR

DL est = PCLK/(16 x BR)

DL est is an
integer?

True

False

DIVADDVAL = 0
MULVAL = 1

FR est = 1.5

Pick another FR est from

the range [1.1, 1.9]

DL est = Int(PCLK/(16 x BR x FR est))

FR est = PCLK/(16 x BR x DL est)

False
1.1 < FR est < 1.9?

True

DIVADDVAL = table(FR est )

MULVAL = table(FR est )

DLM = DL est [15:8]

DLL = DLest [7:0]

End

Fig 70. Algorithm for setting UART dividers

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

Table 384. Fractional Divider setting look-up table

17.5.16.1.1

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

1.000

0/1

1.250

1/4

1.500

1/2

1.750

3/4

1.067

1/15

1.267

4/15

1.533

8/15

1.769

10/13

1.071

1/14

1.273

3/11

1.538

7/13

1.778

7/9

1.077

1/13

1.286

2/7

1.545

6/11

1.786

11/14

1.083

1/12

1.300

3/10

1.556

5/9

1.800

4/5

1.091

1/11

1.308

4/13

1.571

4/7

1.818

9/11

1.100

1/10

1.333

1/3

1.583

7/12

1.833

5/6

1.111

1/9

1.357

5/14

1.600

3/5

1.846

11/13

1.125

1/8

1.364

4/11

1.615

8/13

1.857

6/7

1.133

2/15

1.375

3/8

1.625

5/8

1.867

13/15

1.143

1/7

1.385

5/13

1.636

7/11

1.875

7/8

1.154

2/13

1.400

2/5

1.643

9/14

1.889

8/9

1.167

1/6

1.417

5/12

1.667

2/3

1.900

9/10

1.182

2/11

1.429

3/7

1.692

9/13

1.909

10/11

1.200

1/5

1.444

4/9

1.700

7/10

1.917

11/12

1.214

3/14

1.455

5/11

1.714

5/7

1.923

12/13

1.222

2/9

1.462

6/13

1.727

8/11

1.929

13/14

1.231

3/13

1.467

7/15

1.733

11/15

1.933

14/15

Example 1: PCLK = 14.7456 MHz, BR = 9600

According to the provided algorithm DLest = PCLK/(16 x BR) = 14.7456 MHz / (16 x 9600)
= 96. Since this DLest is an integer number, DIVADDVAL = 0, MULVAL = 1, DLM = 0, and
DLL = 96.
17.5.16.1.2

Example 2: PCLK = 12 MHz, BR = 115200

According to the provided algorithm DLest = PCLK/(16 x BR) = 12 MHz / (16 x 115200) =
6.51. This DLest is not an integer number and the next step is to estimate the FR
parameter. Using an initial estimate of FRest = 1.5 a new DLest = 4 is calculated and FRest
is recalculated as FRest = 1.628. Since FRest = 1.628 is within the specified range of 1.1
and 1.9, DIVADDVAL and MULVAL values can be obtained from the attached look-up
table.
The closest value for FRest = 1.628 in the look-up Table 384 is FR = 1.625. It is
equivalent to DIVADDVAL = 5 and MULVAL = 8.
Based on these findings, the suggested UART setup would be: DLM = 0, DLL = 4,
DIVADDVAL = 5, and MULVAL = 8. According to Equation 2 the UART rate is 115384.
This rate has a relative error of 0.16% from the originally specified 115200.

17.5.17 UART1 Transmit Enable Register (U1TER - 0x4001 0030)

In addition to being equipped with full hardware flow control (auto-cts and auto-rts
mechanisms described above), U1TER enables implementation of software flow control,
too. When TxEn=1, UART1 transmitter will keep sending data as long as they are
available. As soon as TxEn becomes 0, UART1 transmission will stop.
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Table 385 describes how to use the TxEn bit in order to achieve hardware flow control.
However, it is strongly suggested to let UART1 hardware implemented auto flow control
features take for this purpose, and limit the scope of TxEn to software flow control.
U1TER enables implementation of software and hardware flow control. When TXEn=1,
UART1 transmitter will keep sending data as long as they are available. As soon as TXEn
becomes 0, UART1 transmission will stop.
Table 385: UART1 Transmit Enable Register (U1TER - address 0x4001 0030) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

Reset Value

6:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

TXEN

When this bit is 1, as it is after a Reset, data written to the THR is output on the TXD pin as 1
soon as any preceding data has been sent. If this bit cleared to 0 while a character is being
sent, the transmission of that character is completed, but no further characters are sent until
this bit is set again. In other words, a 0 in this bit blocks the transfer of characters from the
THR or TX FIFO into the transmit shift register. Software can clear this bit when it detects
that the a hardware-handshaking TX-permit signal (CTS) has gone false, or with software
handshaking, when it receives an XOFF character (DC3). Software can set this bit again
when it detects that the TX-permit signal has gone true, or when it receives an XON (DC1)
character.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

17.5.18 UART1 RS485 Control register (U1RS485CTRL - 0x4001 004C)

The U1RS485CTRL register controls the configuration of the UART in RS-485/EIA-485
mode.
Table 386: UART1 RS485 Control register (U1RS485CTRL - address 0x4001 004C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset value

NMMEN

RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode (NMM) is disabled.

RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode (NMM) is enabled. In this mode, an

address is detected when a received byte has the parity bit = 1, generating a
received data interrupt. See Section 17.5.21 RS-485/EIA-485 modes of operation.

The receiver is enabled.

The receiver is disabled.

1
2
3
4
5

31:6

RXDIS
AADEN
SEL
DCTRL

Auto Address Detect (AAD) is disabled.

Auto Address Detect (AAD) is enabled.

If direction control is enabled (bit DCTRL = 1), pin RTS is used for direction control. 0

If direction control is enabled (bit DCTRL = 1), pin DTR is used for direction control.

Disable Auto Direction Control.

Enable Auto Direction Control.

OINV

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0
0

This bit reverses the polarity of the direction control signal on the RTS (or DTR) pin. 0
0

The direction control pin will be driven to logic 0 when the transmitter has data to
be sent. It will be driven to logic 1 after the last bit of data has been transmitted.

The direction control pin will be driven to logic 1 when the transmitter has data to
be sent. It will be driven to logic 0 after the last bit of data has been transmitted.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

17.5.19 UART1 RS-485 Address Match register (U1RS485ADRMATCH 0x4001 0050)

The U1RS485ADRMATCH register contains the address match value for RS-485/EIA-485
mode.
Table 387. UART1 RS-485 Address Match register (U1RS485ADRMATCH - address 0x4001 0050) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

7:0

ADRMATCH

Contains the address match value.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

17.5.20 UART1 RS-485 Delay value register (U1RS485DLY - 0x4001 0054)

The user may program the 8-bit RS485DLY register with a delay between the last stop bit
leaving the TXFIFO and the de-assertion of RTS (or DTR). This delay time is in periods of
the baud clock. Any delay time from 0 to 255 bit times may be programmed.
Table 388. UART1 RS-485 Delay value register (U1RS485DLY - address 0x4001 0054) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

7:0

DLY

Contains the direction control (RTS or DTR) delay value. This register works in
conjunction with an 8-bit counter.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

17.5.21 RS-485/EIA-485 modes of operation

The RS-485/EIA-485 feature allows the UART to be configured as an addressable slave.
The addressable slave is one of multiple slaves controlled by a single master.
The UART master transmitter will identify an address character by setting the parity bit to
1. For data characters, the parity bit is set to 0.
Each UART slave receiver can be assigned a unique address. The slave can be
programmed to either manually or automatically reject data following an address which is
not theirs.
RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode (NMM)
Setting the RS485CTRL bit 0 enables this mode. In this mode, the parity bit is used for the
alternative purpose of making a distinction between address and data in received data.

If the receiver is DISABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 = 1) any received data bytes will be
ignored and will not be stored in the RXFIFO. When an address byte is detected (parity bit
= 1) it will be placed into the RXFIFO and an Rx Data Ready Interrupt will be generated.
The processor can then read the address byte and decide whether or not to enable the
receiver to accept the following data.
While the receiver is ENABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 =0) all received bytes will be
accepted and stored in the RXFIFO regardless of whether they are data or address.
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Address Detection (AAD) mode

When both RS485CTRL register bits 0 (9-bit mode enable) and 2 (AAD mode enable) are
set, the UART is in auto address detect mode.
In this mode, the receiver will compare any address byte received (parity = 1) to the 8-bit
value programmed into the RS485ADRMATCH register.
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If the receiver is DISABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 = 1) any received byte will be discarded if
it is either a data byte OR an address byte which fails to match the RS485ADRMATCH
value.
When a matching address character is detected it will be pushed onto the RXFIFO along
with the parity bit, and the receiver will be automatically enabled (RS485CTRL bit 1 will be
cleared by hardware). The receiver will also generate n Rx Data Ready Interrupt.
While the receiver is ENABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 = 0) all bytes received will be
accepted and stored in the RXFIFO until an address byte which does not match the
RS485ADRMATCH value is received. When this occurs, the receiver will be automatically
disabled in hardware (RS485CTRL bit 1 will be set), The received non-matching address
character will not be stored in the RXFIFO.
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Direction Control

RS485/EIA-485 Mode includes the option of allowing the transmitter to automatically

control the state of either the RTS pin or the DTR pin as a direction control output signal.
Setting RS485CTRL bit 4 = 1 enables this feature.
Direction control, if enabled, will use the RTS pin when RS485CTRL bit 3 = 0. It will use
the DTR pin when RS485CTRL bit 3 = 1.
When Auto Direction Control is enabled, the selected pin will be asserted (driven low)
when the CPU writes data into the TXFIFO. The pin will be de-asserted (driven high) once
the last bit of data has been transmitted. See bits 4 and 5 in the RS485CTRL register.
The RS485CTRL bit 4 takes precedence over all other mechanisms controlling RTS (or
DTR) with the exception of loopback mode.
RS485/EIA-485 driver delay time
The driver delay time is the delay between the last stop bit leaving the TXFIFO and the
de-assertion of RTS (or DTR). This delay time can be programmed in the 8-bit RS485DLY
register. The delay time is in periods of the baud clock. Any delay time from 0 to 255 bit
times may be programmed.
RS485/EIA-485 output inversion

The polarity of the direction control signal on the RTS (or DTR) pins can be reversed by
programming bit 5 in the U1RS485CTRL register. When this bit is set, the direction control
pin will be driven to logic 1 when the transmitter has data waiting to be sent. The direction
control pin will be driven to logic 0 after the last bit of data has been transmitted.

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Chapter 18: LPC178x/7x UART0/2/3
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18.1 How to read this chapter

Most LPC178x/177x family devices include 5 UARTs. A few devices implement only 4
UARTs. Refer to a specific device data sheet for details. UARTs 0, 2, and 3 are essentially
the same as UART1, but without modem/flow control signals. UART4, described in the
next chapter, adds a synchronous mode and a Smart Card mode.

18.2 Basic configuration

The UART0/2/3 peripherals are configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bits PCUART0/2/3.
Remark: On reset, UART0 is enabled (PCUART0 = 1), and UART2/3 are disabled
(PCUART2/3 = 0).

2. Peripheral clock: These UARTs operate from the common PCLK that clocks both the
bus interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4.
3. Baud rate: In register U0/2/3LCR (Table 399), set bit DLAB =1. This enables access
to registers DLL (Table 393) and DLM (Table 394) for setting the baud rate. Also, if
needed, set the fractional baud rate in the fractional divider register (Table 403).
4. UART FIFO: Use bit FIFO enable (bit 0) in register U0/2/3FCR (Table 398) to enable
the FIFOs.
5. Pins: Select UART pins and pin modes through the relevant IOCON registers
(Section 8.4.1).
Remark: UART receive pins should not have pull-down resistors enabled.

6. Interrupts: To enable UART interrupts set bit DLAB =0 in register U0/2/3LCR

(Table 399). This enables access to U0/2/3IER (Table 395). Interrupts are enabled in
the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.
7. DMA: UART0/2/3 transmit and receive functions can operate with the GPDMA
controller (see Table 664).

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Chapter 18: LPC178x/7x UART0/2/3

18.3 Features

Data sizes of 5, 6, 7, and 8 bits.

Parity generation and checking: odd, even mark, space or none.
One or two stop bits.
16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs.
Built-in baud rate generator, including a fractional rate divider for great versatility.
Supports DMA for both transmit and receive.
Auto-baud capability
Break generation and detection.
Multiprocessor addressing mode.
Support for software flow control.
RS-485/EIA-485 support.

18.4 Architecture
The architecture of the UARTs 0, 2, and 3 are shown below in the block diagram.
The APB interface provides a communications link between the CPU or host and the
UART.
The UARTn receiver block, UnRX, monitors the serial input line, RXDn, for valid input.
The UARTn RX Shift Register (UnRSR) accepts valid characters via RXDn. After a valid
character is assembled in the UnRSR, it is passed to the UARTn RX Buffer Register FIFO
to await access by the CPU or host via the generic host interface.
The UARTn transmitter block, UnTX, accepts data written by the CPU or host and buffers
the data in the UARTn TX Holding Register FIFO (UnTHR). The UARTn TX Shift Register
(UnTSR) reads the data stored in the UnTHR and assembles the data to transmit via the
serial output pin, TXDn.
The UARTn Baud Rate Generator block, UnBRG, generates the timing enables used by
the UARTn TX block. The UnBRG clock input source is the APB clock (PCLK). The main
clock is divided down per the divisor specified in the UnDLL and UnDLM registers. This
divided down clock is the 16x oversample clock.
The interrupt interface contains registers UnIER and UnIIR. The interrupt interface
receives several one clock wide enables from the UnTX and UnRX blocks.
Status information from the UnTX and UnRX is stored in the UnLSR. Control information
for the UnTX and UnRX is stored in the UnLCR.

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Chapter 18: LPC178x/7x UART0/2/3

Transmitter
Transmitter
Holding
Register

Transmitter
FIFO

Transmitter
Shift
Register

Un_TXD

Transmitter
DMA
Interface
TX_DMA_REQ
TX_DMA_CLR
Baud Rate Generator
Fractional
Main
Rate
Divider
Divider
(DLM, DLL)

PCLK

FIFO Control
& Status
Interrupt
UARTn interrupt Control &
Status

Line Control
& Status
Un_OE

RS-485 &
Auto-baud
Receiver
Receiver
Buffer
Register

Receiver
FIFO

Receiver
Shift
Register

Un_RXD

Receiver
DMA
Interface
RX_DMA_REQ
RX_DMA_CLR
110121

Fig 71. UART0, 2, and 3 block diagram

18.5 Pin description

Table 389: UARTn Pin description

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Pin

Type

Description

U0_RXD, U2_RXD, U3_RXD

Input

Serial Input. Serial receive data.

U0_TXD, U2_TXD, U3_TXD

Output

Serial Output. Serial transmit data.

U0_OE, U2_OE, U3_OE

Output

Output Enable. RS-485/EIA-485 output enable.

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Chapter 18: LPC178x/7x UART0/2/3

18.6 Register description

Each UART contains registers as shown in Table 390. The Divisor Latch Access Bit
(DLAB) is contained in UnLCR7 and enables access to the Divisor Latches.
Table 390. UART0/2/3 Register Map
Generic
Name

Description

Access

Reset
value[1]

UARTn Register
Name & Address

Table

RBR
(DLAB =0)

Receiver Buffer Register. Contains the next

received character to be read.

RO

NA

U0RBR - 0x4000 C000

U2RBR - 0x4009 8000
U3RBR - 0x4009 C000

391

THR
(DLAB =0)

Transmit Holding Register. The next character to

be transmitted is written here.

WO

NA

U0THR - 0x4000 C000

U2THR - 0x4009 8000
U3THR - 0x4009 C000

392

DLL
(DLAB =1)

Divisor Latch LSB. Least significant byte of the

baud rate divisor value. The full divisor is used to
generate a baud rate from the fractional rate
divider.

R/W

0x01

U0DLL - 0x4000 C000

U2DLL - 0x4009 8000
U3DLL - 0x4009 C000

393

DLM
(DLAB =1)

Divisor Latch MSB. Most significant byte of the

baud rate divisor value. The full divisor is used to
generate a baud rate from the fractional rate
divider.

R/W

U0DLM - 0x4000 C004

U2DLM - 0x4009 8004
U3DLM - 0x4009 C004

394

IER
(DLAB =0)

Interrupt Enable Register. Contains individual

interrupt enable bits for the 7 potential UART
interrupts.

R/W

U0IER - 0x4000 C004

U2IER - 0x4009 8004
U3IER - 0x4009 C004

395

IIR

Interrupt ID Register. Identifies which interrupt(s)

are pending.

RO

0x01

U0IIR - 0x4000 C008

U2IIR - 0x4009 8008
U3IIR - 0x4009 C008

396

FCR

FIFO Control Register. Controls UART FIFO

usage and modes.

WO

U0FCR - 0x4000 C008

U2FCR - 0x4009 8008
U3FCR - 0x4009 C008

398

LCR

Line Control Register. Contains controls for

frame formatting and break generation.

R/W

U0LCR - 0x4000 C00C

U2LCR - 0x4009 800C
U3LCR - 0x4009 C00C

399

LSR

Line Status Register. Contains flags for transmit

and receive status, including line errors.

RO

0x60

U0LSR - 0x4000 C014

U2LSR - 0x4009 8014
U3LSR - 0x4009 C014

400

SCR

Scratch Pad Register. 8-bit temporary storage for

software.

R/W

U0SCR - 0x4000 C01C

U2SCR - 0x4009 801C
U3SCR - 0x4009 C01C

401

ACR

Auto-baud Control Register. Contains controls for

the auto-baud feature.

R/W

U0ACR - 0x4000 C020

U2ACR - 0x4009 8020
U3ACR - 0x4009 C020

402

FDR

Fractional Divider Register. Generates a clock

input for the baud rate divider.

R/W

0x10

U0FDR - 0x4000 C028

U2FDR - 0x4009 8028
U3FDR - 0x4009 C028

403

TER

Transmit Enable Register. Turns off UART

transmitter for use with software flow control.

R/W

0x80

U0TER - 0x4000 C030

U2TER - 0x4009 8030
U3TER - 0x4009 C030

405

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Chapter 18: LPC178x/7x UART0/2/3

Table 390. UART0/2/3 Register Map

Generic
Name

Access

Reset
value[1]

UARTn Register
Name & Address

Table

RS485CTRL RS-485/EIA-485 Control. Contains controls to

configure various aspects of RS-485/EIA-485
modes.

R/W

U0RS485CTRL - 0x4000 C04C

U2RS485CTRL - 0x4009 804C
U3RS485CTRL - 0x4009 C04C

406

ADRMATCH RS-485/EIA-485 address match. Contains the

address match value for RS-485/EIA-485 mode.

R/W

U0ADRMATCH - 0x4000 C050

U2ADRMATCH - 0x4009 8050
U3ADRMATCH - 0x4009 C050

407

RS485DLY

R/W

U0RS485DLY - 0x4000 C054

U2RS485DLY - 0x4009 8054
U3RS485DLY - 0x4009 C054

408

[1]

Description

RS-485/EIA-485 direction control delay.

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

18.6.1 UARTn Receiver Buffer Register (U0RBR - 0x4000 C000, U2RBR 0x4009 8000, U3RBR - 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 0)
The UnRBR is the top byte of the UARTn Rx FIFO. The top byte of the Rx FIFO contains
the oldest character received and can be read via the bus interface. The LSB (bit 0)
represents the oldest received data bit. If the character received is less than 8 bits, the
unused MSBs are padded with zeroes.
The Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) in LCR must be zero in order to access the UnRBR.
The UnRBR is always read-only.
Since PE, FE and BI bits correspond to the byte sitting on the top of the RBR FIFO (i.e.
the one that will be read in the next read from the RBR), the right approach for fetching the
valid pair of received byte and its status bits is first to read the content of the U0LSR
register, and then to read a byte from the UnRBR.
Table 391: UARTn Receiver Buffer Register (U0RBR - address 0x4000 C000, U2RBR - 0x4009 8000, U3RBR 04009 C000 when DLAB = 0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

7:0

RBR

The UARTn Receiver Buffer Register contains the oldest received byte in the UARTn Rx
FIFO.

Undefined

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

31:8 -

18.6.2 UARTn Transmit Holding Register (U0THR - 0x4000 C000, U2THR 0x4009 8000, U3THR - 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 0)
The UnTHR is the top byte of the UARTn TX FIFO. The top byte is the newest character in
the TX FIFO and can be written via the bus interface. The LSB represents the first bit to
transmit.
The Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) in UnLCR must be zero in order to access the
UnTHR. The UnTHR is always write-only.

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Table 392: UARTn Transmit Holding Register (U0THR - address 0x4000 C000, U2THR - 0x4009 8000, U3THR 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

7:0

THR

Writing to the UARTn Transmit Holding Register causes the data to be stored in the
UARTn transmit FIFO. The byte will be sent when it reaches the bottom of the FIFO and
the transmitter is available.

NA

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:8 -

18.6.3 UARTn Divisor Latch LSB register (U0DLL - 0x4000 C000, U2DLL 0x4009 8000, U3DLL - 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 1) and UARTn
Divisor Latch MSB register (U0DLM - 0x4000 C004, U2DLM 0x4009 8004, U3DLM - 0x4009 C004 when DLAB = 1)
The UARTn Divisor Latch is part of the UARTn Baud Rate Generator and holds the value
used, along with the Fractional Divider, to divide the APB clock (PCLK) in order to produce
the baud rate clock, which must be 16 the desired baud rate. The UnDLL and UnDLM
registers together form a 16-bit divisor where UnDLL contains the lower 8 bits of the
divisor and UnDLM contains the higher 8 bits of the divisor. A 0x0000 value is treated like
a 0x0001 value as division by zero is not allowed. The Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) in
UnLCR must be one in order to access the UARTn Divisor Latches. Details on how to
select the right value for UnDLL and UnDLM can be found later in this chapter, see
Section 18.6.11.
Table 393: UARTn Divisor Latch LSB register (U0DLL - address 0x4000 C000, U2DLL - 0x4009 8000, U3DLL 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 1) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

7:0

DLLSB

The UARTn Divisor Latch LSB Register, along with the UnDLM register, determines the
baud rate of the UARTn.

0x01

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:8 -

Table 394: UARTn Divisor Latch MSB register (U0DLM - address 0x4000 C004, U2DLL - 0x4009 8004, U3DLL 0x4009 C004 when DLAB = 1) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

7:0

DLMSB

The UARTn Divisor Latch MSB Register, along with the U0DLL register, determines the
baud rate of the UARTn.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:8 -

18.6.4 UARTn Interrupt Enable Register (U0IER - 0x4000 C004, U2IER 0x4009 8004, U3IER - 0x4009 C004 when DLAB = 0)
The UnIER is used to enable the three UARTn interrupt sources.
Table 395: UARTn Interrupt Enable Register (U0IER - address 0x4000 C004, U2IER - 0x4009 8004, U3IER 0x4009 C004 when DLAB = 0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

RBR Interrupt
Enable

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Value Description

Reset Value

Enables the Receive Data Available interrupt for UARTn. It also controls
the Character Receive Time-out interrupt.
0

Disable the RDA interrupts.

Enable the RDA interrupts.

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Table 395: UARTn Interrupt Enable Register (U0IER - address 0x4000 C004, U2IER - 0x4009 8004, U3IER 0x4009 C004 when DLAB = 0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

THRE Interrupt
Enable

ABEOIntEn

Reset Value

Enables the THRE interrupt for UARTn. The status of this can be read
from UnLSR[5].
0

Disable the THRE interrupts.

Enable the THRE interrupts.

RX Line Status
Interrupt Enable

7:3

Value Description

Enables the UARTn RX line status interrupts. The status of this interrupt
can be read from UnLSR[4:1].
0

Disable the RX line status interrupts.

Enable the RX line status interrupts.

NA

Enables the end of auto-baud interrupt.

Disable end of auto-baud Interrupt.

Enable end of auto-baud Interrupt.

Enables the auto-baud time-out interrupt.

31:10 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0

ABTOIntEn

Disable auto-baud time-out Interrupt.

Enable auto-baud time-out Interrupt.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

18.6.5 UARTn Interrupt Identification Register (U0IIR - 0x4000 C008, U2IIR 0x4009 8008, U3IIR - 0x4009 C008)
The UnIIR provides a status code that denotes the priority and source of a pending
interrupt. The interrupts are frozen during an UnIIR access. If an interrupt occurs during
an UnIIR access, the interrupt is recorded for the next UnIIR access.
Table 396: UARTn Interrupt Identification Register (U0IIR - address 0x4000 C008, U2IIR - 0x4009 8008, U3IIR 0x4009 C008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

IntStatus

3:1

Value Description

Reset Value

Interrupt status. Note that UnIIR[0] is active low. The pending interrupt can be
determined by evaluating UnIIR[3:1].
0

At least one interrupt is pending.

No interrupt is pending.

IntId

Interrupt identification. UnIER[3:1] identifies an interrupt corresponding to the

UARTn Rx or TX FIFO. All other combinations of UnIER[3:1] not listed below
are reserved (000,100,101,111).
011

1 - Receive Line Status (RLS).

010

2a - Receive Data Available (RDA).

110

2b - Character Time-out Indicator (CTI).

001

3 - THRE Interrupt

5:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

7:6

FIFO Enable

Copies of UnFCR[0].

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Table 396: UARTn Interrupt Identification Register (U0IIR - address 0x4000 C008, U2IIR - 0x4009 8008, U3IIR 0x4009 C008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

ABEOInt

End of auto-baud interrupt. True if auto-baud has finished successfully and

interrupt is enabled.

ABTOInt

Auto-baud time-out interrupt. True if auto-baud has timed out and interrupt is
enabled.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:10 -

Reset Value

Bit UnIIR[9:8] are set by the auto-baud function and signal a time-out or end of auto-baud
condition. The auto-baud interrupt conditions are cleared by setting the corresponding
Clear bits in the Auto-baud Control Register.
If the IntStatus bit is 1 no interrupt is pending and the IntId bits will be zero. If the IntStatus
is 0, a non auto-baud interrupt is pending in which case the IntId bits identify the type of
interrupt and handling as described in Table 397. Given the status of UnIIR[3:0], an
interrupt handler routine can determine the cause of the interrupt and how to clear the
active interrupt. The UnIIR must be read in order to clear the interrupt prior to exiting the
Interrupt Service Routine.
The UARTn RLS interrupt (UnIIR[3:1] = 011) is the highest priority interrupt and is set
whenever any one of four error conditions occur on the UARTn Rx input: overrun error
(OE), parity error (PE), framing error (FE) and break interrupt (BI). The UARTn Rx error
condition that set the interrupt can be observed via UnLSR[4:1]. The interrupt is cleared
upon an UnLSR read.
The UARTn RDA interrupt (UnIIR[3:1] = 010) shares the second level priority with the CTI
interrupt (UnIIR[3:1] = 110). The RDA is activated when the UARTn Rx FIFO reaches the
trigger level defined in UnFCR[7:6] and is reset when the UARTn Rx FIFO depth falls
below the trigger level. When the RDA interrupt goes active, the CPU can read a block of
data defined by the trigger level.
The CTI interrupt (UnIIR[3:1] = 110) is a second level interrupt and is set when the UARTn
Rx FIFO contains at least one character and no UARTn Rx FIFO activity has occurred in
3.5 to 4.5 character times. Any UARTn Rx FIFO activity (read or write of UARTn RSR) will
clear the interrupt. This interrupt is intended to flush the UARTn RBR after a message has
been received that is not a multiple of the trigger level size. For example, if a peripheral
wished to send a 105 character message and the trigger level was 10 characters, the
CPU would receive 10 RDA interrupts resulting in the transfer of 100 characters and 1 to 5
CTI interrupts (depending on the service routine) resulting in the transfer of the remaining
5 characters.
Table 397: UARTn Interrupt Handling
U0IIR[3:0] Priority Interrupt
value[1]
Type

Interrupt Source

Interrupt Reset

0001

None

None

0110

Highest

RX Line
Status / Error

OE[2] or PE[2] or FE[2] or BI[2]

UnLSR Read[2]

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Chapter 18: LPC178x/7x UART0/2/3

Table 397: UARTn Interrupt Handling

U0IIR[3:0] Priority Interrupt
value[1]
Type

Interrupt Source

Interrupt Reset

0100

Second

RX Data
Available

Rx data available or trigger level reached in FIFO

(UnFCR0=1)

UnRBR Read[3] or UARTn

FIFO drops below trigger level

1100

Second

Character
Time-out
indication

Minimum of one character in the Rx FIFO and no

character input or removed during a time period
depending on how many characters are in FIFO and
what the trigger level is set at (3.5 to 4.5 character
times).

UnRBR Read[3]

The exact time will be:

[(word length) 7 - 2] 8 + [(trigger level - number of
characters) 8 + 1] RCLKs
0010

Third

THRE

THRE[2]

UnIIR Read (if source of

interrupt) or THR write[4]

[1]

Values "0000", 0011, 0101, 0111, 1000, 1001, 1010, 1011,1101,1110,1111 are reserved.

[2]

For details see Section 18.6.8 UARTn Line Status Register (U0LSR - 0x4000 C014, U2LSR 0x4009 8014, U3LSR - 0x4009 C014)

[3]

For details see Section 18.6.1 UARTn Receiver Buffer Register (U0RBR - 0x4000 C000, U2RBR 0x4009 8000, U3RBR - 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 0)

[4]

For details see Section 18.6.5 UARTn Interrupt Identification Register (U0IIR - 0x4000 C008, U2IIR 0x4009 8008, U3IIR - 0x4009 C008) and Section 18.6.2 UARTn Transmit Holding Register (U0THR 0x4000 C000, U2THR - 0x4009 8000, U3THR - 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 0)

The UARTn THRE interrupt (UnIIR[3:1] = 001) is a third level interrupt and is activated
when the UARTn THR FIFO is empty provided certain initialization conditions have been
met. These initialization conditions are intended to give the UARTn THR FIFO a chance to
fill up with data to eliminate many THRE interrupts from occurring at system start-up. The
initialization conditions implement a one character delay minus the stop bit whenever
THRE = 1 and there have not been at least two characters in the UnTHR at one time
since the last THRE = 1 event. This delay is provided to give the CPU time to write data to
UnTHR without a THRE interrupt to decode and service. A THRE interrupt is set
immediately if the UARTn THR FIFO has held two or more characters at one time and
currently, the UnTHR is empty. The THRE interrupt is reset when a UnTHR write occurs or
a read of the UnIIR occurs and the THRE is the highest interrupt (UnIIR[3:1] = 001).

18.6.6 UARTn FIFO Control Register (U0FCR - 0x4000 C008, U2FCR 0x4009 8008, U3FCR - 0x4009 C008)
The write-only UnFCR controls the operation of the UARTn Rx and TX FIFOs.
Table 398: UARTn FIFO Control Register (U0FCR - address 0x4000 C008, U2FCR - 0x4009 8008, U3FCR 0x4007 C008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

FIFO Enable 0

RX FIFO
Reset

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Value Description

Reset Value

UARTn FIFOs are disabled. Must not be used in the application.

Active high enable for both UARTn Rx and TX FIFOs and UnFCR[7:1] access.
This bit must be set for proper UART operation. Any transition on this bit will
automatically clear the related UART FIFOs.

No impact on either of UARTn FIFOs.

Writing a logic 1 to UnFCR[1] will clear all bytes in UARTn Rx FIFO, reset the
pointer logic. This bit is self-clearing.
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Table 398: UARTn FIFO Control Register (U0FCR - address 0x4000 C008, U2FCR - 0x4009 8008, U3FCR 0x4007 C008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset Value

TX FIFO
Reset

No impact on either of UARTn FIFOs.

Writing a logic 1 to UnFCR[2] will clear all bytes in UARTn TX FIFO, reset the
pointer logic. This bit is self-clearing.

DMA Mode
Select

When the FIFO enable (bit 0 of this register) is set, this bit selects the DMA
mode. See Section 18.6.6.1.

5:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

7:6

RX Trigger
Level

These two bits determine how many receiver UARTn FIFO characters must be 0
written before an interrupt or DMA request is activated.

31:8

00

Trigger level 0 (1 character or 0x01)

01

Trigger level 1 (4 characters or 0x04)

10

Trigger level 2 (8 characters or 0x08)

11

Trigger level 3 (14 characters or 0x0E)

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

18.6.6.1 DMA Operation

The user can optionally operate the UART transmit and/or receive using DMA. The DMA
mode is determined by the DMA Mode Select bit in the FCR register. This bit only has an
affect when the FIFOs are enabled via the FIFO Enable bit in the FCR register.
UART receiver DMA

In DMA mode, the receiver DMA request is asserted on the event of the receiver FIFO
level becoming equal to or greater than trigger level, or if a character timeout occurs. See
the description of the RX Trigger Level above. The receiver DMA request is cleared by the
DMA controller.
UART transmitter DMA

In DMA mode, the transmitter DMA request is asserted on the event of the transmitter
FIFO transitioning to not full. The transmitter DMA request is cleared by the DMA
controller.

18.6.7 UARTn Line Control Register (U0LCR - 0x4000 C00C, U2LCR 0x4009 800C, U3LCR - 0x4009 C00C)
The UnLCR determines the format of the data character that is to be transmitted or
received.
Table 399: UARTn Line Control Register (U0LCR - address 0x4000 C00C, U2LCR - 0x4009 800C, U3LCR 0x4009 C00C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

1:0

Word Length Select 00

5-bit character length

01

6-bit character length

10

7-bit character length

11

8-bit character length

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Value Description

Reset Value

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Table 399: UARTn Line Control Register (U0LCR - address 0x4000 C00C, U2LCR - 0x4009 800C, U3LCR 0x4009 C00C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset Value

Stop Bit Select

2 stop bits (1.5 if UnLCR[1:0]=00).

Parity Enable

Disable parity generation and checking.

Enable parity generation and checking.

00

Odd parity. Number of 1s in the transmitted character and the attached

parity bit will be odd.

01

Even Parity. Number of 1s in the transmitted character and the attached

parity bit will be even.

10

Forced "1" stick parity.

5:4

7
31:8

Parity Select

Break Control

Divisor Latch
Access Bit (DLAB)

1 stop bit.

11

Forced "0" stick parity.

Disable break transmission.

Enable break transmission. Output pin UARTn TXD is forced to logic 0

when UnLCR[6] is active high.

Disable access to Divisor Latches.

Enable access to Divisor Latches.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0
NA

18.6.8 UARTn Line Status Register (U0LSR - 0x4000 C014, U2LSR 0x4009 8014, U3LSR - 0x4009 C014)
The UnLSR is a read-only register that provides status information on the UARTn TX and
RX blocks.
Table 400: UARTn Line Status Register (U0LSR - address 0x4000 C014, U2LSR - 0x4009 8014, U3LSR - 0x4009 C014)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

Receiver Data
Ready (RDR)

Value Description

UnLSR[0] is set when the UnRBR holds an unread character and is cleared when 0
the UARTn RBR FIFO is empty.
0
1

Reset
Value

Overrun Error
(OE)

The UARTn receiver FIFO is empty.

The UARTn receiver FIFO is not empty.
The overrun error condition is set as soon as it occurs. An UnLSR read clears
UnLSR[1]. UnLSR[1] is set when UARTn RSR has a new character assembled
and the UARTn RBR FIFO is full. In this case, the UARTn RBR FIFO will not be
overwritten and the character in the UARTn RSR will be lost.

Overrun error status is inactive.

Overrun error status is active.

Parity Error (PE)

When the parity bit of a received character is in the wrong state, a parity error
occurs. An UnLSR read clears UnLSR[2]. Time of parity error detection is
dependent on UnFCR[0].

Note: A parity error is associated with the character at the top of the UARTn RBR
FIFO.

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Parity error status is inactive.

Parity error status is active.

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Table 400: UARTn Line Status Register (U0LSR - address 0x4000 C014, U2LSR - 0x4009 8014, U3LSR - 0x4009 C014)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Framing Error
(FE)

Reset
Value

When the stop bit of a received character is a logic 0, a framing error occurs. An 0
UnLSR read clears UnLSR[3]. The time of the framing error detection is
dependent on UnFCR[0]. Upon detection of a framing error, the Rx will attempt to
resynchronize to the data and assume that the bad stop bit is actually an early
start bit. However, it cannot be assumed that the next received byte will be correct
even if there is no Framing Error.
Note: A framing error is associated with the character at the top of the UARTn
RBR FIFO.

Framing error status is inactive.

Framing error status is active.

Break Interrupt
(BI)

When RXDn is held in the spacing state (all zeroes) for one full character
0
transmission (start, data, parity, stop), a break interrupt occurs. Once the break
condition has been detected, the receiver goes idle until RXDn goes to marking
state (all ones). An UnLSR read clears this status bit. The time of break detection
is dependent on UnFCR[0].
Note: The break interrupt is associated with the character at the top of the UARTn
RBR FIFO.

31:8

Transmitter
Holding Register
Empty (THRE))

Break interrupt status is inactive.

Break interrupt status is active.

THRE is set immediately upon detection of an empty UARTn THR and is cleared 1
on a UnTHR write.

UnTHR contains valid data.

UnTHR is empty.

Transmitter
Empty (TEMT)

TEMT is set when both UnTHR and UnTSR are empty; TEMT is cleared when
either the UnTSR or the UnTHR contain valid data.
0

UnTHR and/or the UnTSR contains valid data.

UnTHR and the UnTSR are empty.

Error in RX FIFO
(RXFE)

UnLSR[7] is set when a character with a Rx error such as framing error, parity
error or break interrupt, is loaded into the UnRBR. This bit is cleared when the
UnLSR register is read and there are no subsequent errors in the UARTn FIFO.
0

UnRBR contains no UARTn RX errors or UnFCR[0]=0.

UARTn RBR contains at least one UARTn RX error.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

18.6.9 UARTn Scratch Pad Register (U0SCR - 0x4000 C01C, U2SCR 0x4009 801C U3SCR - 0x4009 C01C)
The UnSCR has no effect on the UARTn operation. This register can be written and/or
read at users discretion. There is no provision in the interrupt interface that would indicate
to the host that a read or write of the UnSCR has occurred.
Table 401: UARTn Scratch Pad Register (U0SCR - address 0x4000 C01C, U2SCR - 0x4009 801C, U3SCR 0x4009 C01C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

7:0

Pad

A readable, writable byte.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

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18.6.10 UARTn Auto-baud Control Register (U0ACR - 0x4000 C020, U2ACR 0x4009 8020, U3ACR - 0x4009 C020)
The UARTn Auto-baud Control Register (UnACR) controls the process of measuring the
incoming clock/data rate for the baud rate generation and can be read and written at
users discretion.
Table 402: UARTn Auto-baud Control Register (U0ACR - address 0x4000 C020, U2ACR - 0x4009 8020, U3ACR 0x4009 C020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Start

Value

Reset value

This bit is automatically cleared after auto-baud completion.

Auto-baud stop (auto-baud is not running).

Auto-baud start (auto-baud is running). Auto-baud run bit. This bit is

automatically cleared after auto-baud completion.

Mode

AutoRestart

Description

Auto-baud mode select bit.

Mode 0.

Mode 1.

No restart.

Restart in case of time-out (counter restarts at next UARTn Rx falling edge)

7:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

ABEOIntClr

End of auto-baud interrupt clear bit (write-only accessible). Writing a 1 will

clear the corresponding interrupt in the UnIIR. Writing a 0 has no impact.

ABTOIntClr

Auto-baud time-out interrupt clear bit (write-only accessible). Writing a 1 will

clear the corresponding interrupt in the UnIIR. Writing a 0 has no impact.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:10 -

18.6.10.1

Auto-baud

The UARTn auto-baud function can be used to measure the incoming baud-rate based on
the AT protocol (Hayes command). If enabled the auto-baud feature will measure the bit
time of the receive data stream and set the divisor latch registers UnDLM and UnDLL
accordingly.
Remark: the fractional rate divider is not connected during auto-baud operations, and
therefore should not be used when the auto-baud feature is needed.

Auto-baud is started by setting the UnACR Start bit. Auto-baud can be stopped by clearing
the UnACR Start bit. The Start bit will clear once auto-baud has finished and reading the
bit will return the status of auto-baud (pending/finished).
Two auto-baud measuring modes are available which can be selected by the UnACR
Mode bit. In mode 0 the baud-rate is measured on two subsequent falling edges of the
UARTn Rx pin (the falling edge of the start bit and the falling edge of the least significant
bit). In mode 1 the baud-rate is measured between the falling edge and the subsequent
rising edge of the UARTn Rx pin (the length of the start bit).
The UnACR AutoRestart bit can be used to automatically restart baud-rate measurement
if a time-out occurs (the rate measurement counter overflows). If this bit is set the rate
measurement will restart at the next falling edge of the UARTn Rx pin.
The auto-baud function can generate two interrupts.

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The UnIIR ABTOInt interrupt will get set if the interrupt is enabled (UnIER ABToIntEn
is set and the auto-baud rate measurement counter overflows).

The UnIIR ABEOInt interrupt will get set if the interrupt is enabled (UnIER ABEOIntEn
is set and the auto-baud has completed successfully).
The auto-baud interrupts have to be cleared by setting the corresponding UnACR
ABTOIntClr and ABEOIntEn bits.
Typically the fractional baud-rate generator is disabled (DIVADDVAL = 0) during
auto-baud. However, if the fractional baud-rate generator is enabled (DIVADDVAL > 0), it
is going to impact the measuring of UARTn Rx pin baud-rate, but the value of the UnFDR
register is not going to be modified after rate measurement. Also, when auto-baud is used,
any write to UnDLM and UnDLL registers should be done before UnACR register write.
The minimum and the maximum baud rates supported by UARTn are function of pclk,
number of data bits, stop bits and parity bits.
(3)
2 P CLK
PCLK
ratemin = ------------------------- UART n baudrate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ = ratemax
16 2 15

18.6.10.2

16 2 + databits + paritybits + stopbits

Auto-baud modes

When the software is expecting an AT command, it configures the UARTn with the
expected character format and sets the UnACR Start bit. The initial values in the divisor
latches UnDLM and UnDLM dont care. Because of the A or a ASCII coding
(A" = 0x41, a = 0x61), the UARTn Rx pin sensed start bit and the LSB of the expected
character are delimited by two falling edges. When the UnACR Start bit is set, the
auto-baud protocol will execute the following phases:
1. On UnACR Start bit setting, the baud rate measurement counter is reset and the
UARTn UnRSR is reset. The UnRSR baud rate is switch to the highest rate.
2. A falling edge on UARTn Rx pin triggers the beginning of the start bit. The rate
measuring counter will start counting pclk cycles optionally pre-scaled by the
fractional baud-rate generator.
3. During the receipt of the start bit, 16 pulses are generated on the RSR baud input with
the frequency of the (fractional baud-rate pre-scaled) UARTn input clock,
guaranteeing the start bit is stored in the UnRSR.
4. During the receipt of the start bit (and the character LSB for mode = 0) the rate
counter will continue incrementing with the pre-scaled UARTn input clock (pclk).
5. If Mode = 0 then the rate counter will stop on next falling edge of the UARTn Rx pin. If
Mode = 1 then the rate counter will stop on the next rising edge of the UARTn Rx pin.
6. The rate counter is loaded into UnDLM/UnDLL and the baud-rate will be switched to
normal operation. After setting the UnDLM/UnDLL the end of auto-baud interrupt
UnIIR ABEOInt will be set, if enabled. The UnRSR will now continue receiving the
remaining bits of the A/a character.

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'A' (0x41) or 'a' (0x61)

start

bit0

bit1

bit2

bit3

bit4

bit5

bit6

bit7

parity

stop

UARTn RX
start bit

LSB of 'A' or 'a'

UnACR start
rate counter
16xbaud_rate

16 cycles

16 cycles

a. Mode 0 (start bit and LSB are used for auto-baud)

'A' (0x41) or 'a' (0x61)
start

bit0

bit1

bit2

bit3

bit4

bit5

bit6

bit7

parity

stop

UARTn RX
start bit

LSB of 'A' or 'a'

UnACR start
rate counter
16xbaud_rate

16 cycles

b. Mode 1 (only start bit is used for auto-baud)

Fig 72. Auto-baud a) mode 0 and b) mode 1 waveform

18.6.11 UARTn Fractional Divider Register (U0FDR - 0x4000 C028, U2FDR 0x4009 8028, U3FDR - 0x4009 C028)
The UARTn Fractional Divider Register (UnFDR) controls the clock pre-scaler for the
baud rate generation and can be read and written at the users discretion. This pre-scaler
takes the APB clock and generates an output clock according to the specified fractional
requirements.
Important: If the fractional divider is active (DIVADDVAL > 0) and DLM = 0, the value of
the DLL register must be greater than 2.

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Table 403: UARTn Fractional Divider Register (U0FDR - address 0x4000 C028, U2FDR - 0x4009 8028, U3FDR 0x4009 C028) bit description
Bit

Function

Value

Description

Reset value

3:0

DIVADDVAL

Baud-rate generation pre-scaler divisor value. If this field is 0, fractional

baud-rate generator will not impact the UARTn baudrate.

7:4

MULVAL

Baud-rate pre-scaler multiplier value. This field must be greater or equal 1 for
UARTn to operate properly, regardless of whether the fractional baud-rate
generator is used or not.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

This register controls the clock pre-scaler for the baud rate generation. The reset value of
the register keeps the fractional capabilities of the UART disabled, making sure that the
UART is fully software and hardware compatible with UARTs not equipped with this
feature.
The UART baud rate can be calculated as (n = 0/2/3):
(4)

PCLK
UARTn baudrate = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DivAddVal
16 256 UnDLM + UnDLL 1 + -----------------------------

MulVal

Where PCLK is the peripheral clock, UnDLM and UnDLL are the standard UART baud
rate divider registers, and DIVADDVAL and MULVAL are UART fractional baud rate
generator specific parameters.
The value of MULVAL and DIVADDVAL should comply to the following conditions:
1. 1 MULVAL 15
2. 0 DIVADDVAL 14
3. DIVADDVAL < MULVAL
The value of the UnFDR should not be modified while transmitting/receiving data or data
may be lost or corrupted.
If the UnFDR register value does not comply to these two requests, then the fractional
divider output is undefined. If DIVADDVAL is zero then the fractional divider is disabled,
and the clock will not be divided.

18.6.11.1 Baud rate calculation

UARTn can operate with or without using the Fractional Divider. In real-life applications it
is likely that the desired baud rate can be achieved using several different Fractional
Divider settings. The following algorithm illustrates one way of finding a set of DLM, DLL,
MULVAL, and DIVADDVAL values. Such set of parameters yields a baud rate with a
relative error of less than 1.1% from the desired one.

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Calculating UART
baudrate (BR)

PCLK,
BR

DL est = PCLK/(16 x BR)

DL est is an
integer?

True

False

DIVADDVAL = 0
MULVAL = 1

FR est = 1.5

Pick another FR est from

the range [1.1, 1.9]

DL est = Int(PCLK/(16 x BR x FR est))

FR est = PCLK/(16 x BR x DL est)

False
1.1 < FR est < 1.9?

True

DIVADDVAL = table(FR est )

MULVAL = table(FR est )

DLM = DL est [15:8]

DLL = DLest [7:0]

End

Fig 73. Algorithm for setting UART dividers

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Chapter 18: LPC178x/7x UART0/2/3

Table 404. Fractional Divider setting look-up table

18.6.11.1.1

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

1.000

0/1

1.250

1/4

1.500

1/2

1.750

3/4

1.067

1/15

1.267

4/15

1.533

8/15

1.769

10/13

1.071

1/14

1.273

3/11

1.538

7/13

1.778

7/9

1.077

1/13

1.286

2/7

1.545

6/11

1.786

11/14

1.083

1/12

1.300

3/10

1.556

5/9

1.800

4/5

1.091

1/11

1.308

4/13

1.571

4/7

1.818

9/11

1.100

1/10

1.333

1/3

1.583

7/12

1.833

5/6

1.111

1/9

1.357

5/14

1.600

3/5

1.846

11/13

1.125

1/8

1.364

4/11

1.615

8/13

1.857

6/7

1.133

2/15

1.375

3/8

1.625

5/8

1.867

13/15

1.143

1/7

1.385

5/13

1.636

7/11

1.875

7/8

1.154

2/13

1.400

2/5

1.643

9/14

1.889

8/9

1.167

1/6

1.417

5/12

1.667

2/3

1.900

9/10

1.182

2/11

1.429

3/7

1.692

9/13

1.909

10/11

1.200

1/5

1.444

4/9

1.700

7/10

1.917

11/12

1.214

3/14

1.455

5/11

1.714

5/7

1.923

12/13

1.222

2/9

1.462

6/13

1.727

8/11

1.929

13/14

1.231

3/13

1.467

7/15

1.733

11/15

1.933

14/15

Example 1: PCLK = 14.7456 MHz, BR = 9600

According to the provided algorithm DLest = PCLK/(16 x BR) = 14.7456 MHz / (16 x 9600)
= 96. Since this DLest is an integer number, DIVADDVAL = 0, MULVAL = 1, DLM = 0, and
DLL = 96.
18.6.11.1.2

Example 2: PCLK = 12 MHz, BR = 115200

According to the provided algorithm DLest = PCLK/(16 x BR) = 12 MHz / (16 x 115200) =
6.51. This DLest is not an integer number and the next step is to estimate the FR
parameter. Using an initial estimate of FRest = 1.5 a new DLest = 4 is calculated and FRest
is recalculated as FRest = 1.628. Since FRest = 1.628 is within the specified range of 1.1
and 1.9, DIVADDVAL and MULVAL values can be obtained from the attached look-up
table.
The closest value for FRest = 1.628 in the look-up Table 404 is FR = 1.625. It is
equivalent to DIVADDVAL = 5 and MULVAL = 8.
Based on these findings, the suggested UART setup would be: DLM = 0, DLL = 4,
DIVADDVAL = 5, and MULVAL = 8. According to Equation 4 the UART rate is 115384.
This rate has a relative error of 0.16% from the originally specified 115200.

18.6.12 UARTn Transmit Enable Register (U0TER - 0x4000 C030, U2TER 0x4009 8030, U3TER - 0x4009 C030)
The UnTER register enables implementation of software flow control. When TXEn=1,
UARTn transmitter will keep sending data as long as they are available. As soon as TXEn
becomes 0, UARTn transmission will stop.
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Table 405 describes how to use the TXEn bit in order to achieve software flow control.
Table 405: UARTn Transmit Enable Register (U0TER - address 0x4000 C030, U2TER - 0x4009 8030, U3TER 0x4009 C030) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

6:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

TXEN

When this bit is 1, as it is after a Reset, data written to the THR is output on the TXD pin as 1
soon as any preceding data has been sent. If this bit is cleared to 0 while a character is
being sent, the transmission of that character is completed, but no further characters are
sent until this bit is set again. In other words, a 0 in this bit blocks the transfer of characters
from the THR or TX FIFO into the transmit shift register. Software implementing
software-handshaking can clear this bit when it receives an XOFF character (DC3). Software
can set this bit again when it receives an XON (DC1) character.

18.6.13 UARTn RS485 Control register (U0RS485CTRL - 0x4000 C04C,

U2RS485CTRL - 0x4009 804C, U3RS485CTRL - 0x4009 C04C)
The UnRS485CTRL register controls configuration of the RS-485/EIA-485 mode.
Table 406: UARTn RS485 Control register (U0RS485CTRL - address 0x4000 C04C, U2RS485CTRL - 0x4009 804C,
U3RS485CTRL - 0x4009 C04C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset value

NMMEN

RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode (NMM) is disabled.

RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode (NMM) is enabled. In this mode, an

address is detected when a received byte has the parity bit = 1, generating a
received data interrupt. See Section 18.6.16 RS-485/EIA-485 modes of operation.

The receiver is enabled.

The receiver is disabled.

Auto Address Detect (AAD) is disabled.

Auto Address Detect (AAD) is enabled.

RXDIS

AADEN

DCTRL

31:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Disable Auto Direction Control.

Enable Auto Direction Control.

OINV

This bit reverses the polarity of the direction control signal on the Un_OE pin.

The direction control pin will be driven to logic 0 when the transmitter has data to
be sent. It will be driven to logic 1 after the last bit of data has been transmitted.

The direction control pin will be driven to logic 1 when the transmitter has data to
be sent. It will be driven to logic 0 after the last bit of data has been transmitted.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

18.6.14 UARTn RS-485 Address Match register (U0RS485ADRMATCH 0x4000 C050, U2RS485ADRMATCH - 0x4009 8050,
U3RS485ADRMATCH - 0x4009 C050)
The UnRS485ADRMATCH register contains the address match value for RS-485/EIA-485
mode.

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Table 407. UARTn RS-485 Address Match register (U0RS485ADRMATCH - address 0x4000 C050,
U2RS485ADRMATCH - 0x4009 8050, U3RS485ADRMATCH - 0x4009 C050) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

7:0

ADRMATCH

Contains the address match value.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

18.6.15 UARTn RS-485 Delay value register (U0RS485DLY - 0x4000 C054,

U2RS485DLY - 0x4009 8054, U3RS485DLY - 0x4009 C054)
The user may program the 8-bit RS485DLY register with a delay between the last stop bit
leaving the TXFIFO and the de-assertion of Un_OE. This delay time is in periods of the
baud clock. Any delay time from 0 to 255 bit times may be programmed.
Table 408. UARTn RS-485 Delay value register (U0RS485DLY - address 0x4000 0054U2RS485DLY - 0x4009 8054,
U3RS485DLY - 0x4009 C054) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

7:0

DLY

Contains the direction control (UnOE) delay value. This register works in conjunction
with an 8-bit counter.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

18.6.16 RS-485/EIA-485 modes of operation

The RS-485/EIA-485 feature allows the UART to be configured as an addressable slave.
The addressable slave is one of multiple slaves controlled by a single master.
The UART master transmitter will identify an address character by setting the parity bit to
1. For data characters, the parity bit is set to 0.
Each UART slave receiver can be assigned a unique address. The slave can be
programmed to either manually or automatically reject data following an address which is
not theirs.
RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode (NMM)
Setting the RS485CTRL bit 0 enables this mode. In this mode, the parity bit is used for the
alternative purpose of making a distinction between address and data in received data.

If the receiver is DISABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 = 1) any received data bytes will be
ignored and will not be stored in the RXFIFO. When an address byte is detected (parity bit
= 1) it will be placed into the RXFIFO and an Rx Data Ready Interrupt will be generated.
The processor can then read the address byte and decide whether or not to enable the
receiver to accept the following data.
While the receiver is ENABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 =0) all received bytes will be
accepted and stored in the RXFIFO regardless of whether they are data or address.
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Address Detection (AAD) mode

When both RS485CTRL register bits 0 (9-bit mode enable) and 2 (AAD mode enable) are
set, the UART is in auto address detect mode.
In this mode, the receiver will compare any address byte received (parity = 1) to the 8-bit
value programmed into the RS485ADRMATCH register.

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If the receiver is DISABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 = 1) any received byte will be discarded if
it is either a data byte OR an address byte which fails to match the RS485ADRMATCH
value.
When a matching address character is detected it will be pushed onto the RXFIFO along
with the parity bit, and the receiver will be automatically enabled (RS485CTRL bit 1 will be
cleared by hardware). The receiver will also generate n Rx Data Ready Interrupt.
While the receiver is ENABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 = 0) all bytes received will be
accepted and stored in the RXFIFO until an address byte which does not match the
RS485ADRMATCH value is received. When this occurs, the receiver will be automatically
disabled in hardware (RS485CTRL bit 1 will be set), The received non-matching address
character will not be stored in the RXFIFO.
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Direction Control

RS485/EIA-485 Mode includes the option of allowing the transmitter to automatically

control the state of the UnOE pin as a direction control output signal.
Setting RS485CTRL bit 4 = 1 enables this feature.
When Auto Direction Control is enabled, the UnOE pin will be asserted (driven low) when
the CPU writes data into the TXFIFO. The pin will be de-asserted (driven high) once the
last bit of data has been transmitted. See bits 4 and 5 in the RS485CTRL register.
When Auto Direction Control is enabled, the selected pin will be asserted (driven low)
when the CPU writes data into the TXFIFO. The pin will be de-asserted (driven high) once
the last bit of data has been transmitted. See bits 4 and 5 in the RS485CTRL register.
RS485/EIA-485 driver delay time
The driver delay time is the delay between the last stop bit leaving the TXFIFO and the
de-assertion of UnOE. This delay time can be programmed in the 8-bit RS485DLY
register. The delay time is in periods of the baud clock. Any delay time from 0 to 255 bit
times may be programmed.
RS485/EIA-485 output inversion

The polarity of the direction control signal on the UnOE pin can be reversed by
programming bit 5 in the UnRS485CTRL register. When this bit is set, the direction control
pin will be driven to logic 1 when the transmitter has data waiting to be sent. The direction
control pin will be driven to logic 0 after the last bit of data has been transmitted.

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Chapter 19: LPC178x/7x UART4
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User manual

19.1 How to read this chapter

Most LPC178x/177x family devices include 5 UARTs. A few devices do not include
UART4. Refer to Section 1.4.1 and specific device data sheets for details. UART4 is
essentially the same as UARTs 02/3, but with an added synchronous mode and smartcard
mode.

19.2 Basic configuration

UART4 is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCUART4.
Remark: On reset, UART4 is disabled (PCUART4 = 0).

2. Peripheral clock: This UART operates from the common PCLK that clocks both the
bus interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4.
3. Baud rate: In register U4LCR (Table 419), set bit DLAB =1. This enables access to
registers DLL (Table 413) and DLM (Table 414) for setting the baud rate. Also, if
needed, set the fractional baud rate in the fractional divider register (Table 425).
4. UART FIFO: Use bit FIFO enable (bit 0) in register U4FCR (Table 418) to enable the
FIFOs.
5. Pins: Select UART pins and pin modes through the relevant IOCON registers
(Section 8.4.1).
Remark: UART receive pins should not have pull-down resistors enabled.

6. Interrupts: To enable UART interrupts set bit DLAB =0 in register U4LCR (Table 419).
This enables access to U4IER (Table 415). Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using
the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.
7. DMA: UART4 transmit and receive functions can operate with the GPDMA controller
(see Table 664).

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Chapter 19: LPC178x/7x UART4

19.3 Features

Data sizes of 5, 6, 7, and 8 bits.

Parity generation and checking: odd, even mark, space or none.
One or two stop bits.
16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs.
Built-in baud rate generator, including a fractional rate divider for great versatility.
Supports DMA for both transmit and receive.
Auto-baud capability
Break generation and detection.
Multiprocessor addressing mode.
IrDA mode to support infrared communication.
Support for software flow control.
RS-485/EIA-485 9-bit mode support with output enable.
Optional synchronous send or receive mode.
Optional ISO 7816-3 compliant smartcard interface.

19.4 Architecture
The architecture of UART4 is shown below in the block diagram.
The APB interface provides a communications link between the CPU or host and the
UART.
The UART4 receiver block, U4RX, monitors the serial input line, RXDn, for valid input.
The UART4 RX Shift Register (U4RSR) accepts valid characters via RXDn. After a valid
character is assembled in U4RSR, it is passed to the UART4 RX Buffer Register FIFO to
await access by the CPU or host via the generic host interface.
The UART4 transmitter block, U4TX, accepts data written by the CPU or host and buffers
the data in the UART4 TX Holding Register FIFO (U4THR). The UART4 TX Shift Register
(U4TSR) reads the data stored in U4THR and assembles the data to transmit via the
serial output pin, TXDn.
The UART4 Baud Rate Generator block, U4BRG, generates the timing enables used by
the UART4 TX block. The U4BRG clock input source is the APB clock (PCLK). The main
clock is divided down per the divisor specified in the U4DLL and U4DLM registers. This
divided down clock is the 16x oversample clock.
The interrupt interface contains registers U4IER and U4IIR. The interrupt interface
receives several one clock wide enables from the U4TX and U4RX blocks.
Status information from the U4TX and U4RX is stored in the U4LSR. Control information
for the U4TX and U4RX is stored in U4LCR.

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Transmitter
Transmitter
Holding
Register

Transmitter
FIFO

Transmitter
Shift
Register

U4_TXD

Transmitter
DMA
Interface
TX_DMA_REQ
TX_DMA_CLR

CSRC
SCLK
OUT

Baud Rate/Clock Generator

Fractional
Main
Rate
Divider
Divider
(DLM, DLL)

PCLK

UART4 interrupt

SCLK

SCLK
IN

FIFO Control
& Status
Interrupt
Control &
Status

Line Control
& Status
U4_OE

RS485, IrDA,
& Auto-baud
Receiver
Receiver
Buffer
Register

Receiver
FIFO

Receiver
Shift
Register

U4_RXD

Receiver
DMA
Interface
RX_DMA_REQ
RX_DMA_CLR

Fig 74. UART 4 block diagram

19.5 Pin description

Table 409: UART4 Pin description

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Pin

Type

Description

U4_RXD

Input

Serial Input. Serial receive data.

U4_TXD

Output

Serial Output. Serial transmit data (input/output in smartcard mode).

U4_OE

Output

Output Enable. RS-485/EIA-485 output enable.

U4_SCLK

I/O

Serial Clock. Clock input or output in synchronous mode and smartcard

mode.

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Chapter 19: LPC178x/7x UART4

19.6 Register description

UART4 contains registers as shown in Table 410. The Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) is
contained in U4LCR7 and enables access to the Divisor Latches.
Table 410. UART4 Register Map
Generic Name Description

Access

Reset
value[1]

Register
Address

Table

Receiver Buffer Register. Contains the next received character

to be read.

RO

NA

0x400A 4000

411

Transmit Holding Register. The next character to be transmitted

is written here.

WO

NA

0x400A 4000

412

Divisor Latch LSB. Least significant byte of the baud rate divisor
value. The full divisor is used to generate a baud rate from the
fractional rate divider.

R/W

0x01

0x400A 4000

413

Divisor Latch MSB. Most significant byte of the baud rate divisor
value. The full divisor is used to generate a baud rate from the
fractional rate divider.

R/W

0x400A 4004

414

Interrupt Enable Register. Contains individual interrupt enable

bits for the 7 potential UART interrupts.

R/W

0x400A 4004

415

(DLAB =0)
U4IIR

Interrupt ID Register. Identifies which interrupt(s) are pending.

RO

0x01

0x400A 4008

416

U4FCR

FIFO Control Register. Controls UART FIFO usage and modes.

WO

0x400A 4008

418

U4LCR

Line Control Register. Contains controls for frame formatting

and break generation.

R/W

0x400A 400C

419

U4LSR

Line Status Register. Contains flags for transmit and receive

status, including line errors.

RO

0x60

0x400A 4014

420

U4SCR

Scratch Pad Register. 8-bit temporary storage for software.

R/W

0x400A 401C

421

U4ACR

Auto-baud Control Register. Contains controls for the auto-baud

feature.

R/W

0x400A 4020

422

U4ICR

IrDA Control Register. Enables and configures the IrDA

R/W

0x400A 4024

423

U4RBR
(DLAB =0)
U4THR
(DLAB =0)
U4DLL
(DLAB =1)
U4DLM
(DLAB =1)
U4IER

mode.
U4FDR

Fractional Divider Register. Generates a clock input for the baud

rate divider.

R/W

0x10

0x400A 4028

425

U4OSR

Oversampling register. Controls the degree of oversampling

during each bit time.

R/W

0xF0

0x400A 402C

427

U4SCICTRL

Smart Card Interface control register. Enables and configures

the smartcard Interface feature.

R/W

0x400A 4048

428

U4RS485CTRL RS-485/EIA-485 Control. Contains controls to configure various

aspects of RS-485/EIA-485 modes.

R/W

0x400A 404C

429

U4ADRMATCH RS-485/EIA-485 address match. Contains the address match

value for RS-485/EIA-485 mode.

R/W

0x400A 4050

430

U4RS485DLY

R/W

0x400A 4054

431

U4SYNCCTRL Synchronous mode control register.

R/W

0x400A 4058

432

U4TER

R/W

0x01

0x400A 405C

433

[1]

RS-485/EIA-485 direction control delay.

Transmit Enable Register. Turns off UART transmitter for use
with software flow control.

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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Chapter 19: LPC178x/7x UART4

19.6.1 UART4 Receiver Buffer Register (U4RBR - 0x400A C000 when

DLAB = 0)
The U4RBR is the top byte of the UART4 Rx FIFO. The top byte of the Rx FIFO contains
the oldest character received and can be read via the bus interface. The LSB (bit 0)
represents the oldest received data bit. If the character received is less than 8 bits, the
unused MSBs are padded with zeroes.
The Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) in LCR must be zero in order to access the U4RBR.
The U4RBR is always read-only.
Since PE, FE and BI bits correspond to the byte sitting on the top of the RBR FIFO (i.e.
the one that will be read in the next read from the RBR), the right approach for fetching the
valid pair of received byte and its status bits is first to read the content of the U0LSR
register, and then to read a byte from the U4RBR.
Table 411: UART4 Receiver Buffer Register (U4RBR - 0x400A 4000 when DLAB = 0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

7:0

RBR

The UART4 Receiver Buffer Register contains the oldest received byte in the UART4 Rx
FIFO.

Undefined

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

31:8 -

19.6.2 UART4 Transmit Holding Register (U4THR - 0x400A C000 when

DLAB = 0)
The U4THR is the top byte of the UART4 TX FIFO. The top byte is the newest character in
the TX FIFO and can be written via the bus interface. The LSB represents the first bit to
transmit.
The Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) in U4LCR must be zero in order to access the
U4THR. The U4THR is always write-only.
Table 412: UART4 Transmit Holding Register (U4THR - 0x400A 4000 when DLAB = 0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

7:0

THR

Writing to the UART4 Transmit Holding Register causes the data to be stored in the
UART4 transmit FIFO. The byte will be sent when it reaches the bottom of the FIFO and
the transmitter is available.

NA

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:8 -

19.6.3 UART4 Divisor Latch LSB register (U4DLL - 0x400A 4000 when
DLAB = 1) and UART4 Divisor Latch MSB register (U4DLM 0x400A C004 when DLAB = 1)
The UART4 Divisor Latch is part of the UART4 Baud Rate Generator and holds the value
used, along with the Fractional Divider, to divide the APB clock (PCLK) in order to produce
the baud rate clock, which must be 16 the desired baud rate. The U4DLL and U4DLM
registers together form a 16-bit divisor where U4DLL contains the lower 8 bits of the
divisor and U4DLM contains the higher 8 bits of the divisor. A 0x0000 value is treated like
a 0x0001 value as division by zero is not allowed. The Divisor Latch Access Bit (DLAB) in
U4LCR must be one in order to access the UART4 Divisor Latches. Details on how to
select the right value for U4DLL and U4DLM can be found later in this chapter, see
Section 19.6.12.
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Table 413: UART4 Divisor Latch LSB register (U4DLL - 0x400A 4000 when DLAB = 1) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

7:0

DLLSB

The UART4 Divisor Latch LSB Register, along with the U4DLM register, determines the
baud rate of the UART4.

0x01

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:8 -

Table 414: UART4 Divisor Latch MSB register (U4DLL - 0x400A 4004 when DLAB = 1) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

7:0

DLMSB

The UART4 Divisor Latch MSB Register, along with the U0DLL register, determines the
baud rate of the UART4.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:8 -

19.6.4 UART4 Interrupt Enable Register (U4IER - 0x400A C004 when

DLAB = 0)
The U4IER is used to enable the three UART4 interrupt sources.
Table 415: UART4 Interrupt Enable Register (U4IER - 0x400A 4004 when DLAB = 0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

RBR Interrupt
Enable

Value Description

Reset Value

Enables the Receive Data Available interrupt for UART4. It also controls
the Character Receive Time-out interrupt.
0

Disable the RDA interrupts.

Enable the RDA interrupts.

THRE Interrupt
Enable

Enables the THRE interrupt for UART4. The status of this can be read
from U4LSR[5].
0

Disable the THRE interrupts.

Enable the THRE interrupts.

RX Line Status
Interrupt Enable

Enables the UART4 RX line status interrupts. The status of this interrupt
can be read from U4LSR[4:1].
0

Disable the RX line status interrupts.

Enable the RX line status interrupts.

7:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

ABEOIntEn

Enables the end of auto-baud interrupt.

Disable end of auto-baud Interrupt.

Enable end of auto-baud Interrupt.

ABTOIntEn

31:10 -

Enables the auto-baud time-out interrupt.

0

Disable auto-baud time-out Interrupt.

Enable auto-baud time-out Interrupt.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

19.6.5 UART4 Interrupt Identification Register (U4IIR - 0x400A C008)

The U4IIR provides a status code that denotes the priority and source of a pending
interrupt. The interrupts are frozen during an U4IIR access. If an interrupt occurs during
an U4IIR access, the interrupt is recorded for the next U4IIR access.

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Chapter 19: LPC178x/7x UART4

Table 416: UART4 Interrupt Identification Register (U4IIR - 0x400A 4008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

IntStatus

3:1

Value Description

Reset Value

Interrupt status. Note that U4IIR[0] is active low. The pending interrupt can be
determined by evaluating U4IIR[3:1].
0

At least one interrupt is pending.

No interrupt is pending.

IntId

Interrupt identification. U4IER[3:1] identifies an interrupt corresponding to the

UART4 Rx or TX FIFO. All other combinations of U4IER[3:1] not listed below
are reserved (000,100,101,111).
011

1 - Receive Line Status (RLS).

010

2a - Receive Data Available (RDA).

110

2b - Character Time-out Indicator (CTI).

001

3 - THRE Interrupt

5:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

7:6

FIFO Enable

Copies of U4FCR[0].

ABEOInt

End of auto-baud interrupt. True if auto-baud has finished successfully and

interrupt is enabled.

ABTOInt

Auto-baud time-out interrupt. True if auto-baud has timed out and interrupt is
enabled.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:10 -

Bit U4IIR[9:8] are set by the auto-baud function and signal a time-out or end of auto-baud
condition. The auto-baud interrupt conditions are cleared by setting the corresponding
Clear bits in the Auto-baud Control Register.
If the IntStatus bit is 1 no interrupt is pending and the IntId bits will be zero. If the IntStatus
is 0, a non auto-baud interrupt is pending in which case the IntId bits identify the type of
interrupt and handling as described in Table 417. Given the status of U4IIR[3:0], an
interrupt handler routine can determine the cause of the interrupt and how to clear the
active interrupt. The U4IIR must be read in order to clear the interrupt prior to exiting the
Interrupt Service Routine.
The UART4 RLS interrupt (U4IIR[3:1] = 011) is the highest priority interrupt and is set
whenever any one of four error conditions occur on the UART4 Rx input: overrun error
(OE), parity error (PE), framing error (FE) and break interrupt (BI). The UART4 Rx error
condition that set the interrupt can be observed via U0LSR[4:1]. The interrupt is cleared
upon an U4LSR read.
The UART4 RDA interrupt (U4IIR[3:1] = 010) shares the second level priority with the CTI
interrupt (U4IIR[3:1] = 110). The RDA is activated when the UART4 Rx FIFO reaches the
trigger level defined in U4FCR[7:6] and is reset when the UART4 Rx FIFO depth falls
below the trigger level. When the RDA interrupt goes active, the CPU can read a block of
data defined by the trigger level.
The CTI interrupt (U4IIR[3:1] = 110) is a second level interrupt and is set when the UART4
Rx FIFO contains at least one character and no UART4 Rx FIFO activity has occurred in
3.5 to 4.5 character times. Any UART4 Rx FIFO activity (read or write of UART4 RSR) will
clear the interrupt. This interrupt is intended to flush the UART4 RBR after a message has
been received that is not a multiple of the trigger level size. For example, if a peripheral
wished to send a 105 character message and the trigger level was 10 characters, the
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Chapter 19: LPC178x/7x UART4

CPU would receive 10 RDA interrupts resulting in the transfer of 100 characters and 1 to 5
CTI interrupts (depending on the service routine) resulting in the transfer of the remaining
5 characters.
Table 417: UART4 Interrupt Handling
U0IIR[3:0] Priority Interrupt
value[1]
Type

Interrupt Source

Interrupt Reset

0001

None

None

0110

Highest

RX Line
Status / Error

OE[2] or PE[2] or FE[2] or BI[2]

U4LSR Read[2]

0100

Second

RX Data
Available

Rx data available or trigger level reached in FIFO

(U4FCR0=1)

U4RBR Read[3] or UART4

FIFO drops below trigger level

1100

Second

Character
Time-out
indication

Minimum of one character in the Rx FIFO and no

character input or removed during a time period
depending on how many characters are in FIFO and
what the trigger level is set at (3.5 to 4.5 character
times).

U4RBR Read[3]

The exact time will be:

[(word length) 7 - 2] 8 + [(trigger level - number of
characters) 8 + 1] RCLKs
0010

Third

THRE

THRE[2]

U4IIR Read (if source of

interrupt) or THR write[4]

[1]

Values "0000", 0011, 0101, 0111, 1000, 1001, 1010, 1011,1101,1110,1111 are reserved.

[2]

For details see Section 19.6.8 UART4 Line Status Register (U4LSR - 0x400A C014)

[3]

For details see Section 19.6.1 UART4 Receiver Buffer Register (U4RBR - 0x400A C000 when DLAB = 0)

[4]

For details see Section 19.6.5 UART4 Interrupt Identification Register (U4IIR - 0x400A C008) and
Section 19.6.2 UART4 Transmit Holding Register (U4THR - 0x400A C000 when DLAB = 0)

The UART4 THRE interrupt (U4IIR[3:1] = 001) is a third level interrupt and is activated
when the UART4 THR FIFO is empty provided certain initialization conditions have been
met. These initialization conditions are intended to give the UART4 THR FIFO a chance to
fill up with data to eliminate many THRE interrupts from occurring at system start-up. The
initialization conditions implement a one character delay minus the stop bit whenever
THRE = 1 and there have not been at least two characters in the U4THR at one time
since the last THRE = 1 event. This delay is provided to give the CPU time to write data to
U4THR without a THRE interrupt to decode and service. A THRE interrupt is set
immediately if the UART4 THR FIFO has held two or more characters at one time and
currently, the U4THR is empty. The THRE interrupt is reset when a U4THR write occurs or
a read of the U4IIR occurs and the THRE is the highest interrupt (U4IIR[3:1] = 001).

19.6.6 UART4 FIFO Control Register (U4FCR - 0x400A C008)

The write-only U4FCR controls the operation of the UART4 Rx and TX FIFOs.
Table 418: UART4 FIFO Control Register (U4FCR - 0x400A 4008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

FIFO Enable 0

Value Description

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UART4 FIFOs are disabled. Must not be used in the application.

Active high enable for both UART4 Rx and TX FIFOs and U4FCR[7:1] access.
This bit must be set for proper UART operation. Any transition on this bit will
automatically clear the related UART FIFOs.

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Table 418: UART4 FIFO Control Register (U4FCR - 0x400A 4008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset Value

RX FIFO
Reset

No impact on either of UART4 FIFOs.

Writing a logic 1 to U4FCR[1] will clear all bytes in UART4 Rx FIFO, reset the
pointer logic. This bit is self-clearing.

TX FIFO
Reset

No impact on either of UART4 FIFOs.

Writing a logic 1 to U4FCR[2] will clear all bytes in UART4 TX FIFO, reset the
pointer logic. This bit is self-clearing.

DMA Mode
Select

When the FIFO enable (bit 0 of this register) is set, this bit selects the DMA
mode. See Section 19.6.6.1.

5:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

7:6

RX Trigger
Level

These two bits determine how many receiver UART4 FIFO characters must be 0
written before an interrupt or DMA request is activated.

31:8

00

Trigger level 0 (1 character or 0x01)

01

Trigger level 1 (4 characters or 0x04)

10

Trigger level 2 (8 characters or 0x08)

11

Trigger level 3 (14 characters or 0x0E)

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

19.6.6.1 DMA Operation

The user can optionally operate the UART transmit and/or receive using DMA. The DMA
mode is determined by the DMA Mode Select bit in the FCR register. This bit only has an
affect when the FIFOs are enabled via the FIFO Enable bit in the FCR register.
UART receiver DMA

In DMA mode, the receiver DMA request is asserted on the event of the receiver FIFO
level becoming equal to or greater than trigger level, or if a character timeout occurs. See
the description of the RX Trigger Level above. The receiver DMA request is cleared by the
DMA controller.
UART transmitter DMA

In DMA mode, the transmitter DMA request is asserted on the event of the transmitter
FIFO transitioning to not full. The transmitter DMA request is cleared by the DMA
controller.

19.6.7 UART4 Line Control Register (U4LCR - 0x400A C00C)

The U4LCR determines the format of the data character that is to be transmitted or
received.
Table 419: UART4 Line Control Register (U4LCR - 0x400A 400C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

1:0

Word Length Select 00

5-bit character length

01

6-bit character length

10

7-bit character length

11

8-bit character length

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Reset Value

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Table 419: UART4 Line Control Register (U4LCR - 0x400A 400C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset Value

Stop Bit Select

1 stop bit.

2 stop bits (1.5 if U4LCR[1:0]=00).

Disable parity generation and checking.

Enable parity generation and checking.

00

Odd parity. Number of 1s in the transmitted character and the attached

parity bit will be odd.

01

Even Parity. Number of 1s in the transmitted character and the attached

parity bit will be even.

10

Forced "1" stick parity.

11

Forced "0" stick parity.

Disable break transmission.

Enable break transmission. Output pin UART4 TXD is forced to logic 0

when U4LCR[6] is active high.

Disable access to Divisor Latches.

3
5:4

Parity Enable
Parity Select

Break Control

Divisor Latch
Access Bit (DLAB)

31:8

0
0

Enable access to Divisor Latches.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

19.6.8 UART4 Line Status Register (U4LSR - 0x400A C014)

The U4LSR is a read-only register that provides status information on the UART4 TX and
RX blocks.
Table 420: UART4 Line Status Register (U4LSR - 0x400A 4014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Receiver Data
Ready (RDR)

Value Description

U4LSR[0] is set when the U4RBR holds an unread character and is cleared when 0
the UART4 RBR FIFO is empty.
0
1

Reset
Value

Overrun Error
(OE)

The UART4 receiver FIFO is empty.

The UART4 receiver FIFO is not empty.
The overrun error condition is set as soon as it occurs. An U4LSR read clears
U4LSR[1]. U4LSR[1] is set when UART4 RSR has a new character assembled
and the UART4 RBR FIFO is full. In this case, the UART4 RBR FIFO will not be
overwritten and the character in the UART4 RSR will be lost.

Overrun error status is inactive.

Overrun error status is active.

Parity Error (PE)

When the parity bit of a received character is in the wrong state, a parity error
occurs. An U4LSR read clears U4LSR[2]. Time of parity error detection is
dependent on U4FCR[0].

Note: A parity error is associated with the character at the top of the UART4 RBR
FIFO.

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Parity error status is inactive.

Parity error status is active.

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Table 420: UART4 Line Status Register (U4LSR - 0x400A 4014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Framing Error
(FE)

Reset
Value

When the stop bit of a received character is a logic 0, a framing error occurs. An 0
U4LSR read clears U4LSR[3]. The time of the framing error detection is
dependent on U4FCR[0]. Upon detection of a framing error, the Rx will attempt to
resynchronize to the data and assume that the bad stop bit is actually an early
start bit. However, it cannot be assumed that the next received byte will be correct
even if there is no Framing Error.
Note: A framing error is associated with the character at the top of the UART4
RBR FIFO.

Framing error status is inactive.

Framing error status is active.

Break Interrupt
(BI)

When RXDn is held in the spacing state (all zeroes) for one full character
0
transmission (start, data, parity, stop), a break interrupt occurs. Once the break
condition has been detected, the receiver goes idle until RXDn goes to marking
state (all ones). An U4LSR read clears this status bit. The time of break detection
is dependent on U4FCR[0].
Note: The break interrupt is associated with the character at the top of the UART4
RBR FIFO.

31:8

Transmitter
Holding Register
Empty (THRE))

Break interrupt status is inactive.

Break interrupt status is active.

THRE is set immediately upon detection of an empty UART4 THR and is cleared 1
on a U4THR write.

U4THR contains valid data.

U4THR is empty.

Transmitter
Empty (TEMT)

TEMT is set when both U4THR and U4TSR are empty; TEMT is cleared when
either the U4TSR or the U4THR contain valid data.
0

U4THR and/or the U4TSR contains valid data.

U4THR and the U4TSR are empty.

Error in RX FIFO
(RXFE)

U4LSR[7] is set when a character with a Rx error such as framing error, parity
error or break interrupt, is loaded into the U4RBR. This bit is cleared when the
U4LSR register is read and there are no subsequent errors in the UART4 FIFO.
0

U4RBR contains no UART4 RX errors or U4FCR[0]=0.

UART4 RBR contains at least one UART4 RX error.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

19.6.9 UART4 Scratch Pad Register (U4SCR - 0x400A C01C)

The U4SCR has no effect on the UART4 operation. This register can be written and/or
read at users discretion. There is no provision in the interrupt interface that would indicate
to the host that a read or write of the U4SCR has occurred.
Table 421: UART4 Scratch Pad Register (U4SCR - 0x400A 401C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

7:0

Pad

A readable, writable byte.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

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19.6.10 UART4 Auto-baud Control Register (U4ACR - 0x400A C020)

The UART4 Auto-baud Control Register (U4ACR) controls the process of measuring the
incoming clock/data rate for the baud rate generation and can be read and written at
users discretion.
Table 422: UART4 Auto-baud Control Register (U4ACR - 0x400A 4020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Start

Value

Reset value

This bit is automatically cleared after auto-baud completion.

Auto-baud stop (auto-baud is not running).

Auto-baud start (auto-baud is running). Auto-baud run bit. This bit is

automatically cleared after auto-baud completion.

Mode

AutoRestart

Description

Auto-baud mode select bit.

0

Mode 0.

Mode 1.

No restart.

Restart in case of time-out (counter restarts at next UART4 Rx falling edge)

7:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

ABEOIntClr

End of auto-baud interrupt clear bit (write-only accessible). Writing a 1 will

clear the corresponding interrupt in the U4IIR. Writing a 0 has no impact.

ABTOIntClr

Auto-baud time-out interrupt clear bit (write-only accessible). Writing a 1 will

clear the corresponding interrupt in the U4IIR. Writing a 0 has no impact.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:10 -

19.6.10.1

Auto-baud

The UART4 auto-baud function can be used to measure the incoming baud-rate based on
the AT protocol (Hayes command). If enabled the auto-baud feature will measure the bit
time of the receive data stream and set the divisor latch registers U4DLM and U4DLL
accordingly.
Remark: the fractional rate divider is not connected during auto-baud operations, and
therefore should not be used when the auto-baud feature is needed.

Auto-baud is started by setting the U4ACR Start bit. Auto-baud can be stopped by clearing
the U4ACR Start bit. The Start bit will clear once auto-baud has finished and reading the
bit will return the status of auto-baud (pending/finished).
Two auto-baud measuring modes are available which can be selected by the U4ACR
Mode bit. In mode 0 the baud-rate is measured on two subsequent falling edges of the
UART4 Rx pin (the falling edge of the start bit and the falling edge of the least significant
bit). In mode 1 the baud-rate is measured between the falling edge and the subsequent
rising edge of the UART4 Rx pin (the length of the start bit).
The U4ACR AutoRestart bit can be used to automatically restart baud-rate measurement
if a time-out occurs (the rate measurement counter overflows). If this bit is set the rate
measurement will restart at the next falling edge of the UART4 Rx pin.
The auto-baud function can generate two interrupts.

The U4IIR ABTOInt interrupt will get set if the interrupt is enabled (U4IER ABToIntEn
is set and the auto-baud rate measurement counter overflows).
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The U4IIR ABEOInt interrupt will get set if the interrupt is enabled (U4IER ABEOIntEn
is set and the auto-baud has completed successfully).
The auto-baud interrupts have to be cleared by setting the corresponding U4ACR
ABTOIntClr and ABEOIntEn bits.
Typically the fractional baud-rate generator is disabled (DIVADDVAL = 0) during
auto-baud. However, if the fractional baud-rate generator is enabled (DIVADDVAL > 0), it
is going to impact the measuring of UART4 Rx pin baud-rate, but the value of the U4FDR
register is not going to be modified after rate measurement. Also, when auto-baud is used,
any write to U4DLM and U4DLL registers should be done before U4ACR register write.
The minimum and the maximum baud rates supported by UART4 are function of pclk,
number of data bits, stop bits and parity bits.
(5)
2 P CLK
PCLK
ratemin = ------------------------- UART 4 baudrate ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ = ratemax
16 2 15

19.6.10.2

16 2 + databits + paritybits + stopbits

Auto-baud modes

When the software is expecting an AT command, it configures the UART4 with the
expected character format and sets the U4ACR Start bit. The initial values in the divisor
latches U4DLM and U4DLM dont care. Because of the A or a ASCII coding
(A" = 0x41, a = 0x61), the UART4 Rx pin sensed start bit and the LSB of the expected
character are delimited by two falling edges. When the U4ACR Start bit is set, the
auto-baud protocol will execute the following phases:
1. On U4ACR Start bit setting, the baud rate measurement counter is reset and the
UART4 U4RSR is reset. The U4RSR baud rate is switch to the highest rate.
2. A falling edge on UART4 Rx pin triggers the beginning of the start bit. The rate
measuring counter will start counting pclk cycles optionally pre-scaled by the
fractional baud-rate generator.
3. During the receipt of the start bit, 16 pulses are generated on the RSR baud input with
the frequency of the (fractional baud-rate pre-scaled) UART4 input clock,
guaranteeing the start bit is stored in the U4RSR.
4. During the receipt of the start bit (and the character LSB for mode = 0) the rate
counter will continue incrementing with the pre-scaled UART4 input clock (pclk).
5. If Mode = 0 then the rate counter will stop on next falling edge of the UART4 Rx pin. If
Mode = 1 then the rate counter will stop on the next rising edge of the UART4 Rx pin.
6. The rate counter is loaded into U4DLM/U4DLL and the baud-rate will be switched to
normal operation. After setting the U4DLM/U4DLL the end of auto-baud interrupt
U4IIR ABEOInt will be set, if enabled. The U4RSR will now continue receiving the
remaining bits of the A/a character.

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'A' (0x41) or 'a' (0x61)

start

bit0

bit1

bit2

bit3

bit4

bit5

bit6

bit7

parity

stop

UARTn RX
start bit

LSB of 'A' or 'a'

UnACR start
rate counter
16xbaud_rate

16 cycles

16 cycles

a. Mode 0 (start bit and LSB are used for auto-baud)

'A' (0x41) or 'a' (0x61)
start

bit0

bit1

bit2

bit3

bit4

bit5

bit6

bit7

parity

stop

UARTn RX
start bit

LSB of 'A' or 'a'

UnACR start
rate counter
16xbaud_rate

16 cycles

b. Mode 1 (only start bit is used for auto-baud)

Fig 75. Auto-baud a) mode 0 and b) mode 1 waveform

19.6.11 UART4 IrDA Control Register (U4ICR - 0x400A C024)

The IrDA Control Register enables and configures the IrDA mode on each UART. The
value of U4ICR should not be changed while transmitting or receiving data, or data loss or
corruption may occur.
Table 423: UART4 IrDA Control Register (U4ICR - 0x400A 4024) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset value

IrDAEn

IrDA mode on UART4 is disabled, UART4 acts as a standard UART.

IrDA mode on UART4 is enabled.

IrDAInv

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When 1, the serial input is inverted. This has no effect on the serial output.
When 0, the serial input is not inverted.

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Table 423: UART4 IrDA Control Register (U4ICR - 0x400A 4024) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset value

FixPulseEn

When 1, enabled IrDA fixed pulse width mode.

5:3

PulseDiv

Configures the pulse when FixPulseEn = 1. See text below for details.

31:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

The PulseDiv bits in U4ICR are used to select the pulse width when the fixed pulse width
mode is used in IrDA mode (IrDAEn = 1 and FixPulseEn = 1). The value of these bits
should be set so that the resulting pulse width is at least 1.63 s. Table 424 shows the
possible pulse widths.
Table 424: IrDA Pulse Width
FixPulseEn

PulseDiv

IrDA Transmitter Pulse width (s)

3 / (16 baud rate)

2 TPCLK

4 TPCLK

8 TPCLK

16 TPCLK

32 TPCLK

64 TPCLK

128 TPCLK

256 TPCLK

19.6.12 UART4 Fractional Divider Register (U4FDR - 0x400A C028)

The UART4 Fractional Divider Register (U4FDR) controls the clock pre-scaler for the
baud rate generation and can be read and written at the users discretion. This pre-scaler
takes the APB clock and generates an output clock according to the specified fractional
requirements.
Important: If the fractional divider is active (DIVADDVAL > 0) and DLM = 0, the value of
the DLL register must be greater than 2.
Table 425: UART4 Fractional Divider Register (U4FDR - 0x400A 4028) bit description
Bit

Function

Value

Description

Reset value

3:0

DIVADDVAL

Baud-rate generation pre-scaler divisor value. If this field is 0, fractional

baud-rate generator will not impact the UART4 baud rate.

7:4

MULVAL

Baud-rate pre-scaler multiplier value. This field must be greater or equal 1 for
UART4 to operate properly, regardless of whether the fractional baud-rate
generator is used or not.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

This register controls the clock pre-scaler for the baud rate generation. The reset value of
the register keeps the fractional capabilities of the UART disabled, making sure that the
UART is fully software and hardware compatible with UARTs not equipped with this
feature.
The UART baud rate can be calculated as:

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(6)

PCLK
UART4 baudrate = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DivAddVal
16 256 U4DLM + U4DLL 1 + -----------------------------
MulVal

Where PCLK is the peripheral clock, U4DLM and U4DLL are the standard UART baud
rate divider registers, and DIVADDVAL and MULVAL are UART fractional baud rate
generator specific parameters.
The value of MULVAL and DIVADDVAL should comply to the following conditions:
1. 1 MULVAL 15
2. 0 DIVADDVAL 14
3. DIVADDVAL < MULVAL
The value of the U4FDR should not be modified while transmitting/receiving data or data
may be lost or corrupted.
If the U4FDR register value does not comply to these two requests, then the fractional
divider output is undefined. If DIVADDVAL is zero then the fractional divider is disabled,
and the clock will not be divided.

19.6.12.1 Baud rate calculation

UART4 can operate with or without using the Fractional Divider. In real-life applications it
is likely that the desired baud rate can be achieved using several different Fractional
Divider settings. The following algorithm illustrates one way of finding a set of DLM, DLL,
MULVAL, and DIVADDVAL values. Such set of parameters yields a baud rate with a
relative error of less than 1.1% from the desired one.

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Calculating UART
baudrate (BR)

PCLK,
BR

DL est = PCLK/(16 x BR)

DL est is an
integer?

True

False

DIVADDVAL = 0
MULVAL = 1

FR est = 1.5

Pick another FR est from

the range [1.1, 1.9]

DL est = Int(PCLK/(16 x BR x FR est))

FR est = PCLK/(16 x BR x DL est)

False
1.1 < FR est < 1.9?

True

DIVADDVAL = table(FR est )

MULVAL = table(FR est )

DLM = DL est [15:8]

DLL = DLest [7:0]

End

Fig 76. Algorithm for setting UART dividers

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Table 426. Fractional Divider setting look-up table

19.6.12.1.1

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

FR

DivAddVal/
MulVal

1.000

0/1

1.250

1/4

1.500

1/2

1.750

3/4

1.067

1/15

1.267

4/15

1.533

8/15

1.769

10/13

1.071

1/14

1.273

3/11

1.538

7/13

1.778

7/9

1.077

1/13

1.286

2/7

1.545

6/11

1.786

11/14

1.083

1/12

1.300

3/10

1.556

5/9

1.800

4/5

1.091

1/11

1.308

4/13

1.571

4/7

1.818

9/11

1.100

1/10

1.333

1/3

1.583

7/12

1.833

5/6

1.111

1/9

1.357

5/14

1.600

3/5

1.846

11/13

1.125

1/8

1.364

4/11

1.615

8/13

1.857

6/7

1.133

2/15

1.375

3/8

1.625

5/8

1.867

13/15

1.143

1/7

1.385

5/13

1.636

7/11

1.875

7/8

1.154

2/13

1.400

2/5

1.643

9/14

1.889

8/9

1.167

1/6

1.417

5/12

1.667

2/3

1.900

9/10

1.182

2/11

1.429

3/7

1.692

9/13

1.909

10/11

1.200

1/5

1.444

4/9

1.700

7/10

1.917

11/12

1.214

3/14

1.455

5/11

1.714

5/7

1.923

12/13

1.222

2/9

1.462

6/13

1.727

8/11

1.929

13/14

1.231

3/13

1.467

7/15

1.733

11/15

1.933

14/15

Example 1: PCLK = 14.7456 MHz, BR = 9600

According to the provided algorithm DLest = PCLK/(16 x BR) = 14.7456 MHz / (16 x 9600)
= 96. Since this DLest is an integer number, DIVADDVAL = 0, MULVAL = 1, DLM = 0, and
DLL = 96.
19.6.12.1.2

Example 2: PCLK = 12 MHz, BR = 115200

According to the provided algorithm DLest = PCLK/(16 x BR) = 12 MHz / (16 x 115200) =
6.51. This DLest is not an integer number and the next step is to estimate the FR
parameter. Using an initial estimate of FRest = 1.5 a new DLest = 4 is calculated and FRest
is recalculated as FRest = 1.628. Since FRest = 1.628 is within the specified range of 1.1
and 1.9, DIVADDVAL and MULVAL values can be obtained from the attached look-up
table.
The closest value for FRest = 1.628 in the look-up Table 426 is FR = 1.625. It is
equivalent to DIVADDVAL = 5 and MULVAL = 8.
Based on these findings, the suggested UART setup would be: DLM = 0, DLL = 4,
DIVADDVAL = 5, and MULVAL = 8. According to Equation 6 the UART rate is 115384.
This rate has a relative error of 0.16% from the originally specified 115200.

19.6.13 UART4 Oversampling Register (U4OSR - 0x400A 402C)

In most applications, the UART samples received data 16 times in each nominal bit time,
and sends bits that are 16 input clocks wide. This register allows software to control the
ratio between the input clock and bit clock. This is required for smartcard mode, and
provides an alternative to fractional division for other modes.
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Table 427. UART4 Oversampling Register (U4OSR - 0x400A 402C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

0
3:1

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

OSFrac

Fractional part of the oversampling ratio, in units of 1/8th of an input clock period. (001 =
0.125, , 111 = 0.875)

7:4

OSInt

Integer part of the oversampling ratio, minus 1. The reset values equate to the normal
operating mode of 16 input clocks per bit time.

0xF

14:8

FDInt

In smartcard mode, these bits act as a more-significant extension of the OSint field,
allowing an oversampling ratio up to 2048 as required by ISO7816-3. In smartcard mode,
bits 14:4 should initially be set to 371, yielding an oversampling ratio of 372.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:15 -

Example: For a baud rate of 3.25Mbps with a 24 MHz UART clock frequency, the ideal
oversampling ratio is 24/3.25 or 7.3846. Setting OSInt to 0110 for 7 clocks/bit and OSFrac
to 011 for 0.375 clocks/bit, results in an oversampling ratio of 7.375.

In smartcard mode, OSInt is extended by FDInt. This extends the possible oversampling
to 2048, as required to support ISO 7816-3. Note that this value can be exceeded when
D<0, but this is not supported by the UART. When smartcard mode is enabled, the initial
value of OSInt and FDInt should be programmed as 00101110011 (372 minus one).

19.6.14 UART4 Smart Card Interface Control register (U4SCICTRL - 0x400A

4048)
This register allows the UART to be used in ISO7816-3 compliant asynchronous
smartcard applications.
Table 428. UART4 Smart Card Interface Control register (U4SCICTRL - 0x400A 4048) bit description
Bit

Symbol

SCIEN

Value Description

Smartcard Interface Enable.

0
1

Reset
value

NACKDIS

Smartcard interface disabled.

Asynchronous half duplex smartcard interface is enabled.
NACK response disable. Only applicable in T=0.

A NACK response is enabled.

A NACK response is inhibited.

PROTSEL

Protocol selection as defined in the ISO7816-3 standard.

0

T=0

T=1

7:5

TXRETRY

When the protocol selection T bit (above) is 0, the field controls the maximum
number of retransmissions that the UART will attempt if the remote device signals
NACK. When NACK has occurred this number of times plus one, the Tx Error bit in
the LSR is set, an interrupt is requested if enabled, and the UART is locked until the
FIFO is cleared.

15:8

XTRAGUARD

When the protocol selection T bit (above) is 0, this field indicates the number of bit
times by which the guard time after a character transmitted by the UART should
exceed the nominal 2 bit times. 0xFF in this field may indicate that there is just a
single bit after a character and 11 bit times/character

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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19.6.14.1 Smartcard Connection

When the SCIEN bit in the U4SCICTRL register is set as described above, the UART
provides bidirectional serial data on the TXD pin. No RXD pin is used when SCIEN is 1. If
the UART SCLK function is enabled in the I/O Configuration block, a serial clock is output
on the pin: use of such a clock is optional for smartcards. Software must use timers to
implement character and block waiting times (no hardware support via trigger signals is
provided in the UART). GPIO pins can be used to control the smartcard reset and power
pins.

19.6.14.2 Smartcard Setup

The following must be set up in smartcard applications:

If necessary, reset the UART as described in Section 3.5.

Program one IOCON register to enable a UART TXD function.
If the smartcard to be communicated with requires (or may require) a clock, program
one IOCON register for the UART SCLK function. The UART will use it as an output.

Enable the UART clock and set up UART clocking for an initial UART frequency of
3.58 MHz.

Program the OSR (Section 19.6.13) for 372x oversampling.

Program the LCR (Section 19.6.7) for 8-bit characters, parity enabled, even parity.
Program the GPIO signals associated with the smartcard so that (in this order):
Reset is low.
VCC is provided to the card (GPIO pins do not have the required 200 mA drive).
VPP (if provided to the card) is at idle state.

Program SCICTRL (Section 19.6.14) to enable the smartcard feature with the desired
options.

Set up one or more timer(s) to provide timing as needed for ISO 7816 startup.
Thereafter, software should monitor the UART and timer status so as to interact with the
smartcard as described in ISO 7816 3.2.b and subsequently.

19.6.15 UART4 RS485 Control register (U4RS485CTRL - 0x400A 404C)

The U4RS485CTRL register controls configuration of the RS-485/EIA-485 mode.
Table 429: UART4 RS485 Control register (U4RS485CTRL - 0x400A 404C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset value

NMMEN

RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode (NMM) is disabled.

RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode (NMM) is enabled. In this mode, an

address is detected when a received byte has the parity bit = 1, generating a
received data interrupt. See Section 19.6.18 RS-485/EIA-485 modes of operation.

The receiver is enabled.

The receiver is disabled.

Auto Address Detect (AAD) is disabled.

Auto Address Detect (AAD) is enabled.

RXDIS

AADEN

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Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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Table 429: UART4 RS485 Control register (U4RS485CTRL - 0x400A 404C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset value

DCTRL

Disable Auto Direction Control.

Enable Auto Direction Control.

The direction control pin will be driven to logic 0 when the transmitter has data to
be sent. It will be driven to logic 1 after the last bit of data has been transmitted.

The direction control pin will be driven to logic 1 when the transmitter has data to
be sent. It will be driven to logic 0 after the last bit of data has been transmitted.

31:6

OINV

This bit reverses the polarity of the direction control signal on the U4_OE pin.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

19.6.16 UART4 RS-485 Address Match register (U4RS485ADRMATCH 0x400A 4050)

The U4RS485ADRMATCH register contains the address match value for RS-485/EIA-485
mode.
Table 430. UART4 RS-485 Address Match register (U4RS485ADRMATCH - 0x400A 4050) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

7:0

ADRMATCH

Contains the address match value.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

19.6.17 UART4 RS-485 Delay value register (U4RS485DLY - 0x400A 4054)

The user may program the 8-bit RS485DLY register with a delay between the last stop bit
leaving the TXFIFO and the de-assertion of U4_OE. This delay time is in periods of the
baud clock. Any delay time from 0 to 255 bit times may be programmed.
Table 431. UART4 RS-485 Delay value register (U4RS485DLY - 0x400A 4054) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

7:0

DLY

Contains the direction control (U4OE) delay value. This register works in conjunction
with an 8-bit counter.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

19.6.18 RS-485/EIA-485 modes of operation

The RS-485/EIA-485 feature allows the UART to be configured as an addressable slave.
The addressable slave is one of multiple slaves controlled by a single master.
The UART master transmitter will identify an address character by setting the parity bit to
1. For data characters, the parity bit is set to 0.
Each UART slave receiver can be assigned a unique address. The slave can be
programmed to either manually or automatically reject data following an address which is
not theirs.
RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode (NMM)
Setting the RS485CTRL bit 0 enables this mode. In this mode, the parity bit is used for the
alternative purpose of making a distinction between address and data in received data.

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If the receiver is DISABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 = 1) any received data bytes will be
ignored and will not be stored in the RXFIFO. When an address byte is detected (parity bit
= 1) it will be placed into the RXFIFO and an Rx Data Ready Interrupt will be generated.
The processor can then read the address byte and decide whether or not to enable the
receiver to accept the following data.
While the receiver is ENABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 =0) all received bytes will be
accepted and stored in the RXFIFO regardless of whether they are data or address.
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Address Detection (AAD) mode

When both RS485CTRL register bits 0 (9-bit mode enable) and 2 (AAD mode enable) are
set, the UART is in auto address detect mode.
In this mode, the receiver will compare any address byte received (parity = 1) to the 8-bit
value programmed into the RS485ADRMATCH register.
If the receiver is DISABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 = 1) any received byte will be discarded if
it is either a data byte OR an address byte which fails to match the RS485ADRMATCH
value.
When a matching address character is detected it will be pushed onto the RXFIFO along
with the parity bit, and the receiver will be automatically enabled (RS485CTRL bit 1 will be
cleared by hardware). The receiver will also generate n Rx Data Ready Interrupt.
While the receiver is ENABLED (RS485CTRL bit 1 = 0) all bytes received will be
accepted and stored in the RXFIFO until an address byte which does not match the
RS485ADRMATCH value is received. When this occurs, the receiver will be automatically
disabled in hardware (RS485CTRL bit 1 will be set), The received non-matching address
character will not be stored in the RXFIFO.
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Direction Control

RS485/EIA-485 Mode includes the option of allowing the transmitter to automatically

control the state of the U4OE pin as a direction control output signal.
Setting RS485CTRL bit 4 = 1 enables this feature.
When Auto Direction Control is enabled, the U4OE pin will be asserted (driven low) when
the CPU writes data into the TXFIFO. The pin will be de-asserted (driven high) once the
last bit of data has been transmitted. See bits 4 and 5 in the RS485CTRL register.
When Auto Direction Control is enabled, the selected pin will be asserted (driven low)
when the CPU writes data into the TXFIFO. The pin will be de-asserted (driven high) once
the last bit of data has been transmitted. See bits 4 and 5 in the RS485CTRL register.
RS485/EIA-485 driver delay time
The driver delay time is the delay between the last stop bit leaving the TXFIFO and the
de-assertion of U4OE. This delay time can be programmed in the 8-bit RS485DLY
register. The delay time is in periods of the baud clock. Any delay time from 0 to 255 bit
times may be programmed.
RS485/EIA-485 output inversion

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The polarity of the direction control signal on the U4OE pin can be reversed by
programming bit 5 in the U4RS485CTRL register. When this bit is set, the direction control
pin will be driven to logic 1 when the transmitter has data waiting to be sent. The direction
control pin will be driven to logic 0 after the last bit of data has been transmitted.

19.6.19 UART4 Synchronous mode control register (U4SYNCCTRL 0x400A 4058)

SYNCCTRL register controls the synchronous mode. When this mode is in effect, the
UART generates or receives a bit clock on the SCLK pin and applies it to the transmit and
receive shift registers.
Table 432. UART4 Synchronous mode control register (U4SYNCCTRL - 0x400A 4058) bit description
Bit

Symbol

SYNC

31:6

Value

Reset value

Enables synchronous mode.

Disabled

Enabled

CSRC

Clock source select.

0

Synchronous slave mode (SCLK in)

Synchronous master mode (SCLK out)

FES

Falling edge sampling.

0

RxD is sampled on the rising edge of SCLK

RxD is sampled on the falling edge of SCLK

TSBYPASS

Transmit synchronization bypass in synchronous slave mode.

The input clock is synchronized prior to being used in clock edge detection
logic.

The input clock is not synchronized prior to being used in clock edge
detection logic. This allows for a high er input clock rate at the expense of
potential metastability.

CSCEN

Continuous master clock enable (used only when CSRC is 1)

SCLK cycles only when characters are being sent on TxD

SCLK runs continuously (characters can be received on RxD independently

from transmission on TxD)

SSSDIS

Start/stop bits

Send start and stop bits as in other modes.

Do not send start/stop bits.

CSCEN is under software control.

Hardware clears CSCEN after each character is received.

CCCLR

Description

Continuous clock clear

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

After reset, synchronous mode is disabled. Synchronous mode is enabled by setting the
SYNC bit. When SYNC is 1, the UART operates as follows:
1. The CSRC bit controls whether the UART sends (master mode) or receives (slave
mode) a serial bit clock on the SCLK pin.

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2. When CSRC is 1 selecting master mode, the CSCEN bit selects whether the UART
produces clocks on SCLK continuously (CSCEN=1) or only when transmit data is
being sent on TxD (CSCEN=0).
3. The SSDIS bit controls whether start and stop bits are used. When SSDIS is 0, the
UART sends and samples for start and stop bits as in other modes. When SSDIS is 1,
the UART neither sends nor samples for start or stop bits, and each falling edge on
SCLK samples a data bit on RxD into the receive shift register, as well as shifting the
transmit shift register.
The rest of this section provides further details of operation when SYNC is 1.
Data changes on TxD from falling edges on SCLK. When SSDIS is 0, the FES bit controls
whether the UART samples serial data on RxD on rising edges or falling edges on SCLK.
When SSDIS is 1, the UART ignores FES and always samples RxD on falling edges on
SCLK.
The combination SYNC=1, CSRC=1, CSCEN=1, and SSDIS=1 is a difficult operating
mode, because SCLK applies to both directions of data flow and there is no defined
mechanism to signal the receivers when valid data is present on TxD or RxD.
Lacking such a mechanism, SSDIS=1 can be used with CSCEN=0 or CSRC=0 in a mode
similar to the SPI protocol, in which characters are (at least conceptually) exchanged
between the UART and remote device for each set of 8 clock cycles on SCLK. Such
operation can be called full-duplex, but the same hardware mode can be used in a
half-duplex way under control of a higher-layer protocol, in which the source of SCLK
toggles it in groups of N cycles whenever data is to be sent in either direction. (N being the
number of bits/character.)
When the UART4 is the clock source (CSRC=1), such half-duplex operation can lead to
the requirement of writing a dummy character to the Transmitter Holding Register in order
to generate 8 clocks so that a character can be received. The CCCLR bit provides a more
natural way of programming half-duplex reception. When the higher-layer protocol
dictates that the UART should receive a character, software should write the SYNCCTRL
register with CSCEN=1 and CCCLR=1. After the UART has sent N clock cycles and thus
received a character, it clears the CSCEN bit. If more characters need to be received
thereafter, software can repeat setting CSCEN and CCCLR.
Aside from such half-duplex operation, the primary use of CSCEN=1 is with SSDIS=0, so
that start bits indicate the transmission of each character in each direction.

19.6.20 UART4 Transmit Enable Register (U4TER - 0x400A C05C)

The U4TER register enables implementation of software flow control. When TXEn=1,
UART4 transmitter will keep sending data as long as they are available. As soon as TXEn
becomes 0, UART4 transmission will stop.
Table 433 describes how to use the TXEn bit in order to achieve software flow control.

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Table 433: UART4 Transmit Enable Register (U4TER - 0x400A 4030) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

TXEN

When this bit is 1, as it is after a Reset, data written to the THR is output on the TXD pin as 1
soon as any preceding data has been sent. If this bit is cleared to 0 while a character is
being sent, the transmission of that character is completed, but no further characters are
sent until this bit is set again. In other words, a 0 in this bit blocks the transfer of characters
from the THR or TX FIFO into the transmit shift register. Software implementing
software-handshaking can clear this bit when it receives an XOFF character (DC3). Software
can set this bit again when it receives an XON (DC1) character.

7:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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20.1 Basic configuration

The CAN1/2 peripherals are configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bits PCAN1/2.
Remark: On reset, the CAN1/2 blocks are disabled (PCAN1/2 = 0).

2. Peripheral clock: The CAN interfaces operate from the common PCLK that clocks
both the bus interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See
Section 4.6.4.
Remark: If CAN baud rates above 100 kbit/s (see Table 445) are needed, do not
select the IRC as the clock source (see Section 4.6).

3. Wake-up: CAN controllers are able to wake up the microcontroller from Power-down
mode, see Section 4.7.9.
4. Pins: Select CAN1/2 pins through and their pin modes through the relevant IOCON
registers (Section 8.4.1).
5. Interrupts: CAN interrupts are enabled using the CAN1/2IER registers (Table 444).
Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.
6. CAN controller initialization: see CANMOD register (Section 20.7.1).

20.2 CAN controllers

Controller Area Network (CAN) is the definition of a high performance communication
protocol for serial data communication. The CAN Controller is designed to provide a full
implementation of the CAN-Protocol according to the CAN Specification Version 2.0B.
Microcontrollers with this on-chip CAN controller are used to build powerful local networks
by supporting distributed real-time control with a very high level of security. The
applications are automotive, industrial environments, and high speed networks as well as
low cost multiplex wiring. The result is a strongly reduced wiring harness and enhanced
diagnostic and supervisory capabilities.
The CAN block is intended to support multiple CAN buses simultaneously, allowing the
device to be used as a gateway, switch, or router among a number of CAN buses in
various applications.
The CAN module consists of two elements: the controller and the Acceptance Filter. All
registers and the RAM are accessed as 32-bit words.

20.3 Features
20.3.1 General CAN features
Compatible with CAN specification 2.0B, ISO 11898-1.
Multi-master architecture with non destructive bit-wise arbitration.
Bus access priority determined by the message identifier (11-bit or 29-bit).
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Guaranteed latency time for high priority messages.

Programmable transfer rate (up to 1 Mbit/s).
Multicast and broadcast message facility.
Data length from 0 up to 8 bytes.
Powerful error handling capability.
Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) encoding/decoding with bit stuffing.

20.3.2 CAN controller features

2 CAN controllers and buses.

Supports 11-bit identifier as well as 29-bit identifier.
Double Receive Buffer and Triple Transmit Buffer.
Programmable Error Warning Limit and Error Counters with read/write access.
Arbitration Lost Capture and Error Code Capture with detailed bit position.
Single Shot Transmission (no re-transmission).
Listen Only Mode (no acknowledge, no active error flags).
Reception of "own" messages (Self Reception Request).

20.3.3 Acceptance filter features

Fast hardware implemented search algorithm supporting a large number of CAN
identifiers.

Global Acceptance Filter recognizes 11-bit and 29-bit Rx Identifiers for all CAN buses.
Allows definition of explicit and groups for 11-bit and 29-bit CAN identifiers.
Acceptance Filter can provide FullCAN-style automatic reception for selected
Standard Identifiers.

20.4 Pin description

Table 434. CAN Pin descriptions
Pin Name

Type

Description

CAN_RD1,
CAN_RD2

Input

Serial Inputs. From CAN transceivers.

CAN_TD1,
CAN_TD2

Output

Serial Outputs. To CAN transceivers.

20.5 CAN controller architecture

The CAN Controller is a complete serial interface with both Transmit and Receive Buffers
but without Acceptance Filter. CAN Identifier filtering is done for all CAN channels in a
separate block (Acceptance Filter). Except for message buffering and acceptance filtering
the functionality is similar to the PeliCAN concept.
The CAN Controller Block includes interfaces to the following blocks:

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APB Interface
Acceptance Filter
Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)
CAN Transceiver
Common Status Registers

INTERFACE
MANAGEMENT
LOGIC

APB BUS

CAN CORE
BLOCK
TX
ERROR
MANAGEMENT
LOGIC

NVIC
TRANSMIT
BUFFERS 1,2
AND 3

COMMON
STATUS
REGISTER

ACCEPTANCE
FILTER

RX

CAN
TRANSCEIVER

BIT
TIMING
LOGIC

BIT
STREAM
PROCESSOR

RECEIVE
BUFFERS 1
AND 2

Fig 77. CAN controller block diagram

20.5.1 APB Interface Block (AIB)

The APB Interface Block provides access to all CAN Controller registers.

20.5.2 Interface Management Logic (IML)

The Interface Management Logic interprets commands from the CPU, controls internal
addressing of the CAN Registers and provides interrupts and status information to the
CPU.

20.5.3 Transmit Buffers (TXB)

The TXB represents a Triple Transmit Buffer, which is the interface between the Interface
Management Logic (IML) and the Bit Stream Processor (BSP). Each Transmit Buffer is
able to store a complete message which can be transmitted over the CAN network. This
buffer is written by the CPU and read out by the BSP.

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31

24 23

TX

Frame info

16 15

unused

TX DLC

87

unused

0 . . . 0

TX Priority

TFS

ID.28 ... ID.18

TID

TX Data 4

TX Data 3

TX Data 2

TX Data 1

TDA

TX Data 8

TX Data 7

TX Data 6

TX Data 5

TDB

Descriptor
Field

Data Field

Standard Frame Format (11-bit Identifier)

31

24 23

TX

Frame info

000

16 15

unused

TX DLC

ID.28

87

unused

TX Priority

TFS

ID.00

TID

...

TX Data 4

TX Data 3

TX Data 2

TX Data 1

TDA

TX Data 8

TX Data 7

TX Data 6

TX Data 5

TDB

Descriptor
Field

Data Field

Extended Frame Format (29-bit Identifier)

Fig 78. Transmit buffer layout for standard and extended frame format configurations

20.5.4 Receive Buffer (RXB)

The Receive Buffer (RXB) represents a CPU accessible Double Receive Buffer. It is
located between the CAN Controller Core Block and APB Interface Block and stores all
received messages from the CAN Bus line. With the help of this Double Receive Buffer
concept the CPU is able to process one message while another message is being
received.
The global layout of the Receive Buffer is very similar to the Transmit Buffer described
earlier. Identifier, Frame Format, Remote Transmission Request bit and Data Length
Code have the same meaning as described for the Transmit Buffer. In addition, the
Receive Buffer includes an ID Index field (see Section 20.7.9.1 ID index field).
The received Data Length Code represents the real transmitted Data Length Code, which
may be greater than 8 depending on transmitting CAN node. Nevertheless, the maximum
number of received data bytes is 8. This should be taken into account by reading a
message from the Receive Buffer. If there is not enough space for a new message within
the Receive Buffer, the CAN Controller generates a Data Overrun condition when this
message becomes valid and the acceptance test was positive. A message that is partly
written into the Receive Buffer (when the Data Overrun situation occurs) is deleted. This
situation is signalled to the CPU via the Status Register and the Data Overrun Interrupt, if
enabled.

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31

24 23

RX

Frame info

16 15

unused

RX DLC

10 9 8 7

unused

unused

ID Index

RFS

ID.28 ... ID.18

RID

RX Data 4

RX Data 3

RX Data 2

RX Data 1

RDA

RX Data 8

RX Data 7

RX Data 6

RX Data 5

RDB

Descriptor
Field

Data Field

BPM=bypass
message

Standard Frame Format (11-bit Identifier)

31

24 23

RX

Frame info

unused

16 15

unused

RX DLC

ID.28

10 9 8 7

unused

ID Index

...

RFS

ID.00

RID

RX Data 4

RX Data 3

RX Data 2

RX Data 1

RDA

RX Data 8

RX Data 7

RX Data 6

RX Data 5

RDB

Descriptor
Field

Data Field

Extended Frame Format (29-bit Identifier)

Fig 79. Receive buffer layout for standard and extended frame format configurations

20.5.5 Error Management Logic (EML)

The EML is responsible for the error confinement. It gets error announcements from the
BSP and then informs the BSP and IML about error statistics.

20.5.6 Bit Timing Logic (BTL)

The Bit Timing Logic monitors the serial CAN Bus line and handles the Bus line related bit
timing. It synchronizes to the bit stream on the CAN Bus on a "recessive" to "dominant"
Bus line transition at the beginning of a message (hard synchronization) and
re-synchronizes on further transitions during the reception of a message (soft
synchronization). The BTL also provides programmable time segments to compensate for
the propagation delay times and phase shifts (e.g. due to oscillator drifts) and to define the
sample point and the number of samples to be taken within a bit time.

20.5.7 Bit Stream Processor (BSP)

The Bit Stream Processor is a sequencer, controlling the data stream between the
Transmit Buffer, Receive Buffers and the CAN Bus. It also performs the error detection,
arbitration, stuffing and error handling on the CAN Bus.

20.5.8 CAN controller self-tests

The CAN controller supports two different options for self-tests:

Global Self-Test (setting the self reception request bit in normal Operating Mode)
Local Self-Test (setting the self reception request bit in Self Test Mode)

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Both self-tests are using the Self Reception feature of the CAN Controller. With the Self
Reception Request, the transmitted message is also received and stored in the receive
buffer. Therefore the acceptance filter has to be configured accordingly. As soon as the
CAN message is transmitted, a transmit and a receive interrupt are generated, if enabled.
Global self test

A Global Self-Test can for example be used to verify the chosen configuration of the CAN
Controller in a given CAN system. As shown in Figure 80, at least one other CAN node,
which is acknowledging each CAN message has to be connected to the CAN bus.

TX
TXBuffer
Buffer
TX Buffer
LPC17xx

CAN Bus

Transceiver

ack
RX Buffer

Fig 80. Global Self-Test (high-speed CAN Bus example)

Initiating a Global Self-Test is similar to a normal CAN transmission. In this case the
transmission of a CAN message(s) is initiated by setting Self Reception Request bit
(SRR) in conjunction with the selected Message Buffer bits (STB3, STB2, STB1) in the
CAN Controller Command register (CANCMR).
Local self test

The Local Self-Test perfectly fits for single node tests. In this case an acknowledge from
other nodes is not needed. As shown in the Figure below, a CAN transceiver with an
appropriate CAN bus termination has to be connected to the LPC178x/177x. The CAN
Controller has to be put into the 'Self Test Mode' by setting the STM bit in the CAN
Controller Mode register (CANMOD). Hint: Setting the Self Test Mode bit (STM) is
possible only when the CAN Controller is in Reset Mode.

TX
Buffer
TX
TXBuffer
Buffer
LPC17xx

Transceiver

RX Buffer

Fig 81. Local self test (high-speed CAN Bus example)

A message transmission is initiated by setting Self Reception Request bit (SRR) in

conjunction with the selected Message Buffer(s) (STB3, STB2, STB1).

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20.6 Memory map of the CAN block

The CAN Controllers and Acceptance Filter occupy a number of APB slots, as follows:
Table 435. Memory map of the CAN block
Address Range

Used for

0x4003 8000 - 0x4003 87FF

Acceptance Filter RAM.

0x4003 C000 - 0x4003 C017

Acceptance Filter Registers.

0x4004 0000 - 0x4004 000B

Central CAN Registers.

0x4004 4000 - 0x4004 405F

CAN Controller 1 Registers.

0x4004 8000 - 0x4004 805F

CAN Controller 2 Registers.

0x400F C110 - 0x400F C114

CAN Wake and Sleep Registers.

20.7 CAN controller registers

CAN block implements the registers shown in Table 436 and Table 437. More detailed
descriptions follow.
Table 436. CAN acceptance filter and central CAN registers
Name

Description

Access

Reset Value

Address

Table

AFMR

Acceptance Filter Register

R/W

0x4003 C000

465

SFF_sa

Standard Frame Individual Start Address Register

R/W

0x4003 C004

466

SFF_GRP_sa

Standard Frame Group Start Address Register

R/W

0x4003 C008

467

EFF_sa

Extended Frame Start Address Register

R/W

0x4003 C00C

468

EFF_GRP_sa

Extended Frame Group Start Address Register

R/W

0x4003 C010

469

ENDofTable

End of AF Tables register

R/W

0x4003 C014

470

LUTerrAd

LUT Error Address register

RO

0x4003 C018

471

LUTerr

LUT Error Register

RO

0x4003 C01C

472

CANTxSR

CAN Central Transmit Status Register

RO

0x0003 0300

0x4004 0000

460

CANRxSR

CAN Central Receive Status Register

RO

0x4004 0004

461

CANMSR

CAN Central Miscellaneous Register

RO

0x4004 0008

462

Table 437. CAN1 and CAN2 controller register map

Generic Description
Name

MOD

Controls the operating mode of the CAN Controller.

Access

Reset
value

R/W

CAN1 & 2 Register Name Table

& Address

CAN1MOD - 0x4004 4000

440

CAN2MOD - 0x4004 8000

CMR

Command bits that affect the state of the CAN

Controller

WO

RO[1]

0x3C

Interrupt status, Arbitration Lost Capture, Error Code

Capture

RO

Interrupt Enable

R/W

GSR

Global Controller Status and Error Counters

ICR

CAN1CMR - 0x4004 4004

441

CAN2CMR - 0x4004 8004

CAN1GSR - 0x4004 4008

442

CAN2GSR - 0x4004 8008

IER

CAN1ICR - 0x4004 400C

443

CAN2ICR - 0x4004 800C

0

CAN1IER - 0x4004 4010

444

CAN2IER - 0x4004 8010

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Table 437. CAN1 and CAN2 controller register map

Generic Description
Name

BTR

Bus Timing

Access

Reset
value

R/W[2]

0x1C0000

CAN1 & 2 Register Name Table

& Address

CAN1BTR - 0x4004 4014

445

CAN2BTR - 0x4004 8014

EWL

Error Warning Limit

SR

Status Register

R/W[2]

0x60

RO

0x3C3C3C

CAN1EWL - 0x4004 4018

446

CAN2EWL - 0x4004 8018

CAN1SR - 0x4004 401C

447

CAN2SR - 0x4004 801C

RFS

R/W[2]

Receive frame status

CAN1RFS - 0x4004 4020

448

CAN2RFS - 0x4004 8020

RID

R/W[2]

Received Identifier

CAN1RID - 0x4004 4024

449

CAN2RID - 0x4004 8024

RDA

Received data bytes 1-4

R/W[2]

CAN1RDA - 0x4004 4028

RDB

Received data bytes 5-8

R/W[2]

CAN1RDB - 0x4004 402C

451

CAN2RDA - 0x4004 8028

452

CAN2RDB - 0x4004 802C

TFI1

Transmit frame info (Tx Buffer 1)

R/W

CAN1TFI1 - 0x4004 4030

453

CAN2TFI1 - 0x4004 8030

TID1

Transmit Identifier (Tx Buffer 1)

R/W

CAN1TID1 - 0x4004 4034

454

CAN2TID1 - 0x4004 8034

TDA1

Transmit data bytes 1-4 (Tx Buffer 1)

R/W

TDB1

Transmit data bytes 5-8 (Tx Buffer 1)

R/W

CAN1TDA1 - 0x4004 4038

456

CAN2TDA1 - 0x4004 8038

CAN1TDB1- 0x4004 403C

457

CAN2TDB1 - 0x4004 803C

TFI2

Transmit frame info (Tx Buffer 2)

R/W

CAN1TFI2 - 0x4004 4040

453

CAN2TFI2 - 0x4004 8040

TID2

Transmit Identifier (Tx Buffer 2)

R/W

CAN1TID2 - 0x4004 4044

454

CAN2TID2 - 0x4004 8044

TDA2

Transmit data bytes 1-4 (Tx Buffer 2)

R/W

CAN1TDA2 - 0x4004 4048

TDB2

Transmit data bytes 5-8 (Tx Buffer 2)

R/W

CAN1TDB2 - 0x4004 404C

456

CAN2TDA2 - 0x4004 8048

457

CAN2TDB2 - 0x4004 804C

TFI3

Transmit frame info (Tx Buffer 3)

R/W

CAN1TFI3 - 0x4004 4050

453

CAN2TFI3 - 0x4004 8050

TID3

Transmit Identifier (Tx Buffer 3)

R/W

CAN1TID3 - 0x4004 4054

454

CAN2TID3 - 0x4004 8054

TDA3

Transmit data bytes 1-4 (Tx Buffer 3)

R/W

CAN1TDA3 - 0x4004 4058

TDB3

Transmit data bytes 5-8 (Tx Buffer 3)

R/W

CAN1TDB3 - 0x4004 405C

456

CAN2TDA3 - 0x4004 8058

457

CAN2TDB3 - 0x4004 805C

[1]

The error counters can only be written when RM in CANMOD is 1.

[2]

These registers can only be written when RM in CANMOD is 1.

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The internal registers of each CAN Controller appear to the CPU as on-chip memory
mapped peripheral registers. Because the CAN Controller can operate in different modes
(Operating/Reset, see also Section 20.7.1 CAN Mode register (CAN1MOD 0x4004 4000, CAN2MOD - 0x4004 8000)), one has to distinguish between different
internal address definitions. Note that write access to some registers is only allowed in
Reset Mode.
Table 438. CAN1 and CAN2 controller register summary
Generic
Name

Operating Mode

Reset Mode

Read

Write

Read

Write

MOD

Mode

Mode

Mode

Mode

CMR

0x00

Command

0x00

Command

GSR

Global Status and Error Counters

Global Status and Error Counters

Error Counters only

ICR

Interrupt and Capture

Interrupt and Capture

IER

Interrupt Enable

Interrupt Enable

Interrupt Enable

Interrupt Enable

BTR

Bus Timing

Bus Timing

Bus Timing

EWL

Error Warning Limit

Error Warning Limit

Error Warning Limit

SR

Status

Status

RFS

Rx Info and Index

Rx Info and Index

Rx Info and Index

RID

Rx Identifier

Rx Identifier

Rx Identifier

RDA

Rx Data

Rx Data

Rx Data

RDB

Rx Info and Index

Rx Info and Index

Rx Info and Index

TFI1

Tx Info1

Tx Info

Tx Info

Tx Info

TID1

Tx Identifier

Tx Identifier

Tx Identifier

Tx Identifier

TDA1

Tx Data

Tx Data

Tx Data

Tx Data

TDB1

Tx Data

Tx Data

Tx Data

Tx Data

Table 439. CAN Wake and Sleep registers

Name

Description

Access

Reset
Value

Address

Table

CANSLEEPCLR

Allows clearing the current CAN channel sleep state as

well as reading that state.

R/W

0x400F C110

458

CANWAKEFLAGS

Allows reading the wake-up state of the CAN channels.

R/W

0x400F C114

459

In the following register tables, the column Reset Value shows how a hardware reset
affects each bit or field, while the column RM Set indicates how each bit or field is
affected if software sets the RM bit, or RM is set because of a Bus-Off condition. Note that
while hardware reset sets RM, in this case the setting noted in the Reset Value column
prevails over that shown in the RM Set column, in the few bits where they differ. In both
columns, X indicates the bit or field is unchanged.

20.7.1 CAN Mode register (CAN1MOD - 0x4004 4000, CAN2MOD 0x4004 8000)
The contents of the Mode Register are used to change the behavior of the CAN
Controller. Bits may be set or reset by the CPU that uses the Mode Register as a
read/write memory.
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Table 440. CAN Mode register (CAN1MOD - address 0x4004 4000, CAN2MOD - address 0x4004 8000) bit description
Bit

Symbol Value

Function

Reset RM
Value Set

RM[1][6]

Reset Mode.

0 (normal)

The CAN Controller is in the Operating Mode, and certain registers can not
be written.

1 (reset)

CAN operation is disabled, writable registers can be written and the current
transmission/reception of a message is aborted.

LOM[3][2]

[6]

Listen Only Mode.

0 (normal)

The CAN controller acknowledges a successfully received message on the

CAN bus. The error counters are stopped at the current value.

1 (listen only)

The controller gives no acknowledgment, even if a message is successfully

received. Messages cannot be sent, and the controller operates in error
passive mode. This mode is intended for software bit rate detection and
hot plugging.

STM[3][6]

Self Test Mode.

0 (normal)

A transmitted message must be acknowledged to be considered successful.

1 (self test)

The controller will consider a Tx message successful even if there is no

acknowledgment received.
In this mode a full node test is possible without any other active node on the
bus using the SRR bit in CANxCMR.

TPM[4]

Transmit Priority Mode.

0 (CAN ID)

The transmit priority for 3 Transmit Buffers depends on the CAN Identifier.

1 (local
priority)

The transmit priority for 3 Transmit Buffers depends on the contents of the
Tx Priority register within the Transmit Buffer.

0 (wake-up)

Normal operation.

1 (sleep)

The CAN controller enters Sleep Mode if no CAN interrupt is pending and
there is no bus activity. See the Sleep Mode description Section 20.8.2 on
page 527.

SM[5]

Sleep Mode.

RPM

Receive Polarity Mode.

0 (low active)

RD input is active Low (dominant bit = 0).

1 (high active)

RD input is active High (dominant bit = 1) -- reverse polarity.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

TM

Test Mode.

31:8
[1]

0 (disabled)

Normal operation.

1 (enabled)

The TD pin will reflect the bit, detected on RD pin, with the next positive
edge of the system clock.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

During a Hardware reset or when the Bus Status bit is set '1' (Bus-Off), the Reset Mode bit is set '1' (present). After the Reset Mode bit
is set '0' the CAN Controller will wait for:
- one occurrence of Bus-Free signal (11 recessive bits), if the preceding reset has been caused by a Hardware reset or a CPU-initiated
reset.
- 128 occurrences of Bus-Free, if the preceding reset has been caused by a CAN Controller initiated Bus-Off, before re-entering the
Bus-On mode.

[2]

This mode of operation forces the CAN Controller to be error passive. Message Transmission is not possible. The Listen Only Mode can
be used e.g. for software driven bit rate detection and "hot plugging".

[3]

A write access to the bits MOD.1 and MOD.2 is possible only if the Reset Mode is entered previously.

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[4]

Transmit Priority Mode is explained in more detail in Section 20.5.3 Transmit Buffers (TXB).

[5]

The CAN Controller will enter Sleep Mode, if the Sleep Mode bit is set '1' (sleep), there is no bus activity, and none of the CAN interrupts
is pending. Setting of SM with at least one of the previously mentioned exceptions valid will result in a wake-up interrupt. The CAN
Controller will wake up if SM is set LOW (wake-up) or there is bus activity. On wake-up, a Wake-up Interrupt is generated. A sleeping
CAN Controller which wakes up due to bus activity will not be able to receive this message until it detects 11 consecutive recessive bits
(Bus-Free sequence). Note that setting of SM is not possible in Reset Mode. After clearing of Reset Mode, setting of SM is possible only
when Bus-Free is detected again.

[6]

The LOM and STM bits can only be written if the RM bit is 1 prior to the write operation.

20.7.2 CAN Command Register (CAN1CMR - 0x4004 x004, CAN2CMR 0x4004 8004)
Writing to this write-only register initiates an action within the transfer layer of the CAN
Controller. Reading this register yields zeroes.
At least one internal clock cycle is needed for processing between two commands.
Table 441. CAN Command Register (CAN1CMR - address 0x4004 4004, CAN2CMR - address 0x4004 8004) bit
description
Bit

Symbol Value

Function

Reset RM
Value Set

0[1][2]

TR

Transmission Request.

1[1][3]

2[4]

3[5]

4[1][6]

0 (absent)

No transmission request.

1 (present)

The message, previously written to the CANxTFI, CANxTID, and

optionally the CANxTDA and CANxTDB registers, is queued for
transmission from the selected Transmit Buffer. If at two or all three of
STB1, STB2 and STB3 bits are selected when TR=1 is written, Transmit
Buffer will be selected based on the chosen priority scheme (for details
see Section 20.5.3 Transmit Buffers (TXB))

0 (no action)

Do not abort the transmission.

1 (present)

if not already in progress, a pending Transmission Request for the

selected Transmit Buffer is cancelled.

AT

Abort Transmission.

RRB

Release Receive Buffer.

0 (no action)

Do not release the receive buffer.

1 (released)

The information in the Receive Buffer (consisting of CANxRFS,

CANxRID, and if applicable the CANxRDA and CANxRDB registers) is
released, and becomes eligible for replacement by the next received
frame. If the next received frame is not available, writing this command
clears the RBS bit in the Status Register(s).

CDO

Clear Data Overrun.

0 (no action)

Do not clear the data overrun bit.

1 (clear)

The Data Overrun bit in Status Register(s) is cleared.

SRR

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Self Reception Request.

0 (absent)

No self reception request.

1 (present)

The message, previously written to the CANxTFS, CANxTID, and

optionally the CANxTDA and CANxTDB registers, is queued for
transmission from the selected Transmit Buffer and received
simultaneously. This differs from the TR bit above in that the receiver is
not disabled during the transmission, so that it receives the message if its
Identifier is recognized by the Acceptance Filter.

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Table 441. CAN Command Register (CAN1CMR - address 0x4004 4004, CAN2CMR - address 0x4004 8004) bit
description
Bit

Symbol Value

Function

Reset RM
Value Set

STB1

Select Tx Buffer 1.

0 (not selected)

Tx Buffer 1 is not selected for transmission.

1 (selected)

Tx Buffer 1 is selected for transmission.

STB2

Select Tx Buffer 2.
0 (not selected)

Tx Buffer 2 is not selected for transmission.

1 (selected)

Tx Buffer 2 is selected for transmission.

STB3

31:8

Select Tx Buffer 3.
0 (not selected)

Tx Buffer 3 is not selected for transmission.

1 (selected)

Tx Buffer 3 is selected for transmission.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

[1]

- Setting the command bits TR and AT simultaneously results in transmitting a message once. No re-transmission will be performed in
case of an error or arbitration lost (single shot transmission).
- Setting the command bits SRR and TR simultaneously results in sending the transmit message once using the self-reception feature.
No re-transmission will be performed in case of an error or arbitration lost.
- Setting the command bits TR, AT and SRR simultaneously results in transmitting a message once as described for TR and AT. The
moment the Transmit Status bit is set within the Status Register, the internal Transmission Request Bit is cleared automatically.
- Setting TR and SRR simultaneously will ignore the set SRR bit.

[2]

If the Transmission Request or the Self-Reception Request bit was set '1' in a previous command, it cannot be cancelled by resetting the
bits. The requested transmission may only be cancelled by setting the Abort Transmission bit.

[3]

The Abort Transmission bit is used when the CPU requires the suspension of the previously requested transmission, e.g. to transmit a
more urgent message before. A transmission already in progress is not stopped. In order to see if the original message has been either
transmitted successfully or aborted, the Transmission Complete Status bit should be checked. This should be done after the Transmit
Buffer Status bit has been set to '1' or a Transmit Interrupt has been generated.

[4]

After reading the contents of the Receive Buffer, the CPU can release this memory space by setting the Release Receive Buffer bit '1'.
This may result in another message becoming immediately available. If there is no other message available, the Receive Interrupt bit is
reset. If the RRB command is given, it will take at least 2 internal clock cycles before a new interrupt is generated.

[5]

This command bit is used to clear the Data Overrun condition signalled by the Data Overrun Status bit. As long as the Data Overrun
Status bit is set no further Data Overrun Interrupt is generated.

[6]

Upon Self Reception Request, a message is transmitted and simultaneously received if the Acceptance Filter is set to the corresponding
identifier. A receive and a transmit interrupt will indicate correct self reception (see also Self Test Mode in Section 20.7.1 CAN Mode
register (CAN1MOD - 0x4004 4000, CAN2MOD - 0x4004 8000)).

20.7.3 CAN Global Status Register (CAN1GSR - 0x4004 x008, CAN2GSR 0x4004 8008)
The content of the Global Status Register reflects the status of the CAN Controller. This
register is read-only, except that the Error Counters can be written when the RM bit in the
CANMOD register is 1. Bits not listed read as 0 and should be written as 0.

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Table 442. CAN Global Status Register (CAN1GSR - address 0x4004 4008, CAN2GSR - address 0x4004 8008) bit
description
Bit

Symbol Value

Function

Reset RM
Value Set

RBS[1]

Receive Buffer Status.

0 (empty)

No message is available.

1 (full)

At least one complete message is received by the Double Receive Buffer

and available in the CANxRFS, CANxRID, and if applicable the CANxRDA
and CANxRDB registers. This bit is cleared by the Release Receive Buffer
command in CANxCMR, if no subsequent received message is available.

0 (absent)

No data overrun has occurred since the last Clear Data Overrun command
was given/written to CANxCMR (or since Reset).

1 (overrun)

A message was lost because the preceding message to this CAN controller
was not read and released quickly enough (there was not enough space for
a new message in the Double Receive Buffer).

DOS[2]

Data Overrun Status.

TBS

Transmit Buffer Status.

0 (locked)

At least one of the Transmit Buffers is not available for the CPU, i.e. at least
one previously queued message for this CAN controller has not yet been
sent, and therefore software should not write to the CANxTFI, CANxTID,
CANxTDA, nor CANxTDB registers of that (those) Tx buffer(s).

1 (released)

All three Transmit Buffers are available for the CPU. No transmit message is
pending for this CAN controller (in any of the 3 Tx buffers), and software may
write to any of the CANxTFI, CANxTID, CANxTDA, and CANxTDB registers.

TCS[3]

Transmit Complete Status.

0 (incomplete)

At least one requested transmission has not been successfully completed

yet.

1 (complete)

All requested transmission(s) has (have) been successfully completed.

RS[4]

Receive Status.
0 (idle)

The CAN controller is idle.

1 (receive)

The CAN controller is receiving a message.

TS[4]

Transmit Status.
0 (idle)

The CAN controller is idle.

1 (transmit)

The CAN controller is sending a message.

ES[5]

Error Status.
0 (ok)

Both error counters are below the Error Warning Limit.

1 (error)

One or both of the Transmit and Receive Error Counters has reached the
limit set in the Error Warning Limit register.

0 (Bus-On)

The CAN Controller is involved in bus activities

1 (Bus-Off)

The CAN controller is currently not involved/prohibited from bus activity

because the Transmit Error Counter reached its limiting value of 255.

BS[6]

15:8

Bus Status.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

23:16 RXERR -

The current value of the Rx Error Counter (an 8-bit value).

31:24 TXERR -

The current value of the Tx Error Counter (an 8-bit value).

[1]

After reading all messages and releasing their memory space with the command 'Release Receive Buffer,' this bit is cleared.

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[2]

If there is not enough space to store the message within the Receive Buffer, that message is dropped and the Data Overrun condition is
signalled to the CPU in the moment this message becomes valid. If this message is not completed successfully (e.g. because of an
error), no overrun condition is signalled.

[3]

The Transmission Complete Status bit is set '0' (incomplete) whenever the Transmission Request bit or the Self Reception Request bit
is set '1' at least for one of the three Transmit Buffers. The Transmission Complete Status bit will remain '0' until all messages are
transmitted successfully.

[4]

If both the Receive Status and the Transmit Status bits are '0' (idle), the CAN-Bus is idle. If both bits are set, the controller is waiting to
become idle again. After hardware reset 11 consecutive recessive bits have to be detected until idle status is reached. After Bus-off this
will take 128 times of 11 consecutive recessive bits.

[5]

Errors detected during reception or transmission will effect the error counters according to the CAN specification. The Error Status bit is
set when at least one of the error counters has reached or exceeded the Error Warning Limit. An Error Warning Interrupt is generated, if
enabled. The default value of the Error Warning Limit after hardware reset is 96 decimal, see also Section 20.7.7 CAN Error Warning
Limit register (CAN1EWL - 0x4004 4018, CAN2EWL - 0x4004 8018).

[6]

Mode bit '1' (present) and an Error Warning Interrupt is generated, if enabled. Afterwards the Transmit Error Counter is set to '127', and
the Receive Error Counter is cleared. It will stay in this mode until the CPU clears the Reset Mode bit. Once this is completed the CAN
Controller will wait the minimum protocol-defined time (128 occurrences of the Bus-Free signal) counting down the Transmit Error
Counter. After that, the Bus Status bit is cleared (Bus-On), the Error Status bit is set '0' (ok), the Error Counters are reset, and an Error
Warning Interrupt is generated, if enabled. Reading the TX Error Counter during this time gives information about the status of the
Bus-Off recovery.

RX error counter

The RX Error Counter Register, which is part of the Status Register, reflects the current
value of the Receive Error Counter. After hardware reset this register is initialized to 0. In
Operating Mode this register appears to the CPU as a read-only memory. A write access
to this register is possible only in Reset Mode. If a Bus Off event occurs, the RX Error
Counter is initialized to 0. As long as Bus Off is valid, writing to this register has no
effect.The Rx Error Counter is determined as follows:
RX Error Counter = (CANxGSR AND 0x00FF0000) / 0x00010000
Note that a CPU-forced content change of the RX Error Counter is possible only if the
Reset Mode was entered previously. An Error Status change (Status Register), an Error
Warning or an Error Passive Interrupt forced by the new register content will not occur
until the Reset Mode is cancelled again.
TX error counter

The TX Error Counter Register, which is part of the Status Register, reflects the current
value of the Transmit Error Counter. In Operating Mode this register appears to the CPU
as a read-only memory. After hardware reset this register is initialized to 0. A write access
to this register is possible only in Reset Mode. If a bus-off event occurs, the TX Error
Counter is initialized to 127 to count the minimum protocol-defined time (128 occurrences
of the Bus-Free signal). Reading the TX Error Counter during this time gives information
about the status of the Bus-Off recovery. If Bus Off is active, a write access to TXERR in
the range of 0 to 254 clears the Bus Off Flag and the controller will wait for one occurrence
of 11 consecutive recessive bits (bus free) after clearing of Reset Mode. The Tx error
counter is determined as follows:
TX Error Counter = (CANxGSR AND 0xFF000000) / 0x01000000
Writing 255 to TXERR allows initiation of a CPU-driven Bus Off event. Note that a
CPU-forced content change of the TX Error Counter is possible only if the Reset Mode
was entered previously. An Error or Bus Status change (Status Register), an Error
Warning, or an Error Passive Interrupt forced by the new register content will not occur
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until the Reset Mode is cancelled again. After leaving the Reset Mode, the new TX
Counter content is interpreted and the Bus Off event is performed in the same way as if it
was forced by a bus error event. That means, that the Reset Mode is entered again, the
TX Error Counter is initialized to 127, the RX Counter is cleared, and all concerned Status
and Interrupt Register bits are set. Clearing of Reset Mode now will perform the protocol
defined Bus Off recovery sequence (waiting for 128 occurrences of the Bus-Free signal).
If the Reset Mode is entered again before the end of Bus Off recovery (TXERR>0), Bus
Off keeps active and TXERR is frozen.

20.7.4 CAN Interrupt and Capture Register (CAN1ICR - 0x4004 400C,

CAN2ICR - 0x4004 800C)
Bits in this register indicate information about events on the CAN bus. This register is
read-only.
The Interrupt flags of the Interrupt and Capture Register allow the identification of an
interrupt source. When one or more bits are set, a CAN interrupt will be indicated to the
CPU. After this register is read from the CPU all interrupt bits are reset except of the
Receive Interrupt bit. The Interrupt Register appears to the CPU as a read-only memory.
Bits 1 through 10 clear when they are read.
Bits 16-23 are captured when a bus error occurs. At the same time, if the BEIE bit in
CANIER is 1, the BEI bit in this register is set, and a CAN interrupt can occur.
Bits 24-31 are captured when CAN arbitration is lost. At the same time, if the ALIE bit in
CANIER is 1, the ALI bit in this register is set, and a CAN interrupt can occur. Once either
of these bytes is captured, its value will remain the same until it is read, at which time it is
released to capture a new value.
The clearing of bits 1 to 10 and the releasing of bits 16-23 and 24-31 all occur on any read
from CANxICR, regardless of whether part or all of the register is read. This means that
software should always read CANxICR as a word, and process and deal with all bits of the
register as appropriate for the application.
Table 443. CAN Interrupt and Capture Register (CAN1ICR - address 0x4004 400C, CAN2ICR - address 0x4004 800C)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Function

Reset RM
Value Set

RI[1]

0 (reset)
1 (set)

Receive Interrupt. This bit is set whenever the RBS bit in CANxSR and the RIE
bit in CANxIER are both 1, indicating that a new message was received and
stored in the Receive Buffer.

TI1

0 (reset)
1 (set)

Transmit Interrupt 1. This bit is set when the TBS1 bit in CANxSR goes from 0 to 0
1 (whenever a message out of TXB1 was successfully transmitted or aborted),
indicating that Transmit buffer 1 is available, and the TIE1 bit in CANxIER is 1.

EI

0 (reset)
1 (set)

Error Warning Interrupt. This bit is set on every change (set or clear) of either the 0
Error Status or Bus Status bit in CANxSR and the EIE bit bit is set within the
Interrupt Enable Register at the time of the change.

DOI

0 (reset)
1 (set)

Data Overrun Interrupt. This bit is set when the DOS bit in CANxSR goes from 0 0
to 1 and the DOIE bit in CANxIER is 1.

WUI[2]

0 (reset)
1 (set)

Wake-Up Interrupt. This bit is set if the CAN controller is sleeping and bus activity 0
is detected and the WUIE bit in CANxIER is 1.

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Table 443. CAN Interrupt and Capture Register (CAN1ICR - address 0x4004 400C, CAN2ICR - address 0x4004 800C)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Function

Reset RM
Value Set

EPI

0 (reset)
1 (set)

Error Passive Interrupt. This bit is set if the EPIE bit in CANxIER is 1, and the
CAN controller switches between Error Passive and Error Active mode in either
direction.

This is the case when the CAN Controller has reached the Error Passive Status
(at least one error counter exceeds the CAN protocol defined level of 127) or if
the CAN Controller is in Error Passive Status and enters the Error Active Status
again.
6

ALI

0 (reset)
1 (set)

Arbitration Lost Interrupt. This bit is set if the ALIE bit in CANxIER is 1, and the
CAN controller loses arbitration while attempting to transmit. In this case the
CAN node becomes a receiver.

BEI

0 (reset)
1 (set)

Bus Error Interrupt -- this bit is set if the BEIE bit in CANxIER is 1, and the CAN
controller detects an error on the bus.

IDI

0 (reset)
1 (set)

ID Ready Interrupt -- this bit is set if the IDIE bit in CANxIER is 1, and a CAN
Identifier has been received (a message was successfully transmitted or
aborted). This bit is set whenever a message was successfully transmitted or
aborted and the IDIE bit is set in the IER register.

TI2

0 (reset)
1 (set)

Transmit Interrupt 2. This bit is set when the TBS2 bit in CANxSR goes from 0 to 0
1 (whenever a message out of TXB2 was successfully transmitted or aborted),
indicating that Transmit buffer 2 is available, and the TIE2 bit in CANxIER is 1.

10

TI3

0 (reset)
1 (set)

Transmit Interrupt 3. This bit is set when the TBS3 bit in CANxSR goes from 0 to 0
1 (whenever a message out of TXB3 was successfully transmitted or aborted),
indicating that Transmit buffer 3 is available, and the TIE3 bit in CANxIER is 1.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

15:11 -

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Table 443. CAN Interrupt and Capture Register (CAN1ICR - address 0x4004 400C, CAN2ICR - address 0x4004 800C)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

20:16 ERRBIT
4:0[3]

ID28 ... ID21

00110

ID20 ... ID18

00100

SRTR Bit

00101

IDE bit

00111

ID17 ... 13

01111

ID12 ... ID5

01110

ID4 ... ID0

01100

RTR Bit

01101

Reserved Bit 1

01001

Reserved Bit 0

01011

Data Length Code

01010

Data Field

01000

CRC Sequence

11000

CRC Delimiter

11001

Acknowledge Slot

11011

Acknowledge Delimiter

11010

End of Frame

10010

Intermission

10001

Active Error Flag

10110

Passive Error Flag

10011

Tolerate Dominant Bits

10111

Error Delimiter

11100

Overload flag
When the CAN controller detects a bus error, the direction of the current bit is
captured in this bit.

User manual

When the CAN controller detects a bus error, the type of error is captured in this 0
field:

Error occurred during transmitting.

Error occurred during receiving.

23:22 ERRC1:0

Start of Frame

00010

ERRDIR

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Reset RM
Value Set

Error Code Capture: when the CAN controller detects a bus error, the location of 0
the error within the frame is captured in this field. The value reflects an internal
state variable, and as a result is not very linear:
00011

21

Function

00

Bit error

01

Form error

10

Stuff error

11

Other error

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Table 443. CAN Interrupt and Capture Register (CAN1ICR - address 0x4004 400C, CAN2ICR - address 0x4004 800C)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

31:24 ALCBIT[4] -

00

Function

Reset RM
Value Set

Each time arbitration is lost while trying to send on the CAN, the bit number
within the frame is captured into this field. After the content of ALCBIT is read,
the ALI bit is cleared and a new Arbitration Lost interrupt can occur.

arbitration lost in the first bit (MS) of identifier

...
11

arbitration lost in SRTS bit (RTR bit for standard frame messages)

12

arbitration lost in IDE bit

13

arbitration lost in 12th bit of identifier (extended frame only)

...
30

arbitration lost in last bit of identifier (extended frame only)

31

arbitration lost in RTR bit (extended frame only)

[1]

The Receive Interrupt Bit is not cleared upon a read access to the Interrupt Register. Giving the Command
Release Receive Buffer will clear RI temporarily. If there is another message available within the Receive
Buffer after the release command, RI is set again. Otherwise RI remains cleared.

[2]

A Wake-Up Interrupt is also generated if the CPU tries to set the Sleep bit while the CAN controller is
involved in bus activities or a CAN Interrupt is pending. The WUI flag can also get asserted when the
according enable bit WUIE is not set. In this case a Wake-Up Interrupt does not get asserted.

[3]

Whenever a bus error occurs, the corresponding bus error interrupt is forced, if enabled. At the same time,
the current position of the Bit Stream Processor is captured into the Error Code Capture Register. The
content within this register is fixed until the user software has read out its content once. From now on, the
capture mechanism is activated again, i.e. reading the CANxICR enables another Bus Error Interrupt.

[4]

On arbitration lost, the corresponding arbitration lost interrupt is forced, if enabled. At that time, the current
bit position of the Bit Stream Processor is captured into the Arbitration Lost Capture Register. The content
within this register is fixed until the user application has read out its contents once. From now on, the
capture mechanism is activated again.

20.7.5 CAN Interrupt Enable Register (CAN1IER - 0x4004 4010, CAN2IER 0x4004 8010)
This read/write register controls whether various events on the CAN controller will result in
an interrupt or not. Bits 10:0 in this register correspond 1-to-1 with bits 10:0 in the
CANxICR register. If a bit in the CANxIER register is 0 the corresponding interrupt is
disabled; if a bit in the CANxIER register is 1 the corresponding source is enabled to
trigger an interrupt.
Table 444. CAN Interrupt Enable Register (CAN1IER - address 0x4004 4010, CAN2IER - address 0x4004 8010) bit
description
Bit

Symbol Function

Reset RM
Value Set

RIE

Receiver Interrupt Enable. When the Receive Buffer Status is 'full', the CAN Controller
requests the respective interrupt.

TIE1

Transmit Interrupt Enable for Buffer1. When a message has been successfully transmitted
out of TXB1 or Transmit Buffer 1 is accessible again (e.g. after an Abort Transmission
command), the CAN Controller requests the respective interrupt.

EIE

Error Warning Interrupt Enable. If the Error or Bus Status change (see Status Register), the
CAN Controller requests the respective interrupt.

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Table 444. CAN Interrupt Enable Register (CAN1IER - address 0x4004 4010, CAN2IER - address 0x4004 8010) bit
description
Bit

Symbol Function

DOIE

Data Overrun Interrupt Enable. If the Data Overrun Status bit is set (see Status Register), the 0
CAN Controller requests the respective interrupt.

WUIE

Wake-Up Interrupt Enable. If the sleeping CAN controller wakes up, the respective interrupt
is requested.

EPIE

Error Passive Interrupt Enable. If the error status of the CAN Controller changes from error
active to error passive or vice versa, the respective interrupt is requested.

ALIE

Arbitration Lost Interrupt Enable. If the CAN Controller has lost arbitration, the respective
interrupt is requested.

BEIE

Bus Error Interrupt Enable. If a bus error has been detected, the CAN Controller requests the 0
respective interrupt.

IDIE

ID Ready Interrupt Enable. When a CAN identifier has been received, the CAN Controller
requests the respective interrupt.

TIE2

Transmit Interrupt Enable for Buffer2. When a message has been successfully transmitted
out of TXB2 or Transmit Buffer 2 is accessible again (e.g. after an Abort Transmission
command), the CAN Controller requests the respective interrupt.

10

TIE3

Transmit Interrupt Enable for Buffer3. When a message has been successfully transmitted
out of TXB3 or Transmit Buffer 3 is accessible again (e.g. after an Abort Transmission
command), the CAN Controller requests the respective interrupt.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:11 -

Reset RM
Value Set

20.7.6 CAN Bus Timing Register (CAN1BTR - 0x4004 4014, CAN2BTR 0x4004 8014)
This register controls how various CAN timings are derived from the APB clock. It defines
the values of the Baud Rate Prescaler (BRP) and the Synchronization Jump Width (SJW).
Furthermore, it defines the length of the bit period, the location of the sample point and the
number of samples to be taken at each sample point. It can be read at any time but can
only be written if the RM bit in CANmod is 1.
Table 445. CAN Bus Timing Register (CAN1BTR - address 0x4004 4014, CAN2BTR - address 0x4004 8014) bit
description
Bit

Symbol Value Function

9:0

BRP

Reset RM
Value Set

Baud Rate Prescaler. The APB clock is divided by (this value plus one) to produce the 0
CAN clock.

13:10 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

15:14 SJW

The Synchronization Jump Width is (this value plus one) CAN clocks.

19:16 TESG1

The delay from the nominal Sync point to the sample point is (this value plus one)
CAN clocks.

1100

22:20 TESG2

The delay from the sample point to the next nominal sync point is (this value plus one) 001
CAN clocks. The nominal CAN bit time is (this value plus the value in TSEG1 plus 3)
CAN clocks.

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Table 445. CAN Bus Timing Register (CAN1BTR - address 0x4004 4014, CAN2BTR - address 0x4004 8014) bit
description
Bit

Symbol Value Function

23

SAM

31:24 -

Reset RM
Value Set

Sampling
0

The bus is sampled once (recommended for high speed buses)

The bus is sampled 3 times (recommended for low to medium speed buses to filter
spikes on the bus-line)
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Baud rate prescaler

The period of the CAN system clock tSCL is programmable and determines the individual
bit timing. The CAN system clock tSCL is calculated using the following equation:
(7)
t SCL = t CANsuppliedCLK BRP + 1
Synchronization jump width

To compensate for phase shifts between clock oscillators of different bus controllers, any
bus controller must re-synchronize on any relevant signal edge of the current
transmission. The synchronization jump width tSJW defines the maximum number of clock
cycles a certain bit period may be shortened or lengthened by one re-synchronization:
(8)
t SJW = t SCL SJW + 1
Time segment 1 and time segment 2

Time segments TSEG1 and TSEG2 determine the number of clock cycles per bit period
and the location of the sample point:
(9)
t SYNCSEG = t SCL

(10)
t TSEG1 = t SCL TSEG1 + 1

(11)
t TSEG2 = t SCL TSEG2 + 1

20.7.7 CAN Error Warning Limit register (CAN1EWL - 0x4004 4018,

CAN2EWL - 0x4004 8018)
This register sets a limit on Tx or Rx errors at which an interrupt can occur. It can be read
at any time but can only be written if the RM bit in CANmod is 1.

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Table 446. CAN Error Warning Limit register (CAN1EWL - address 0x4004 4018, CAN2EWL - address 0x4004 8018)
bit description
Bit

Symbol Function

Reset
Value

RM
Set

7:0

EWL

During CAN operation, this value is compared to both the Tx and Rx Error Counters. If
either of these counter matches this value, the Error Status (ES) bit in CANSR is set.

9610 = 0x60 X

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Note that a content change of the Error Warning Limit Register is possible only if the
Reset Mode was entered previously. An Error Status change (Status Register) and an
Error Warning Interrupt forced by the new register content will not occur until the Reset
Mode is cancelled again.

20.7.8 CAN Status Register (CAN1SR - 0x4004 401C, CAN2SR 0x4004 801C)
This read-only register contains three status bytes in which the bits not related to
transmission are identical to the corresponding bits in the Global Status Register, while
those relating to transmission reflect the status of each of the 3 Tx Buffers.
Table 447. CAN Status Register (CAN1SR - address 0x4004 401C, CAN2SR - address 0x4004 801C) bit description
Bit

Symbol Value

RBS

Receive Buffer Status. This bit is identical to the RBS bit in the CANxGSR.

DOS

Data Overrun Status. This bit is identical to the DOS bit in the CANxGSR.

TBS1[1]

Transmit Buffer Status 1.

Function

Reset RM
Value Set

0(locked)

Software cannot access the Tx Buffer 1 nor write to the corresponding

CANxTFI, CANxTID, CANxTDA, and CANxTDB registers because a
message is either waiting for transmission or is in transmitting process.

1(released)

Software may write a message into the Transmit Buffer 1 and its CANxTFI,
CANxTID, CANxTDA, and CANxTDB registers.

TCS1[2]

Transmission Complete Status.

0(incomplete)

The previously requested transmission for Tx Buffer 1 is not complete.

1(complete)

The previously requested transmission for Tx Buffer 1 has been successfully

completed.

RS

Receive Status. This bit is identical to the RS bit in the GSR.

TS1

Transmit Status 1.

0(idle)

There is no transmission from Tx Buffer 1.

1(transmit)

The CAN Controller is transmitting a message from Tx Buffer 1.

ES

Error Status. This bit is identical to the ES bit in the CANxGSR.

BS

Bus Status. This bit is identical to the BS bit in the CANxGSR.

RBS

Receive Buffer Status. This bit is identical to the RBS bit in the CANxGSR.

DOS

Data Overrun Status. This bit is identical to the DOS bit in the CANxGSR.

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Table 447. CAN Status Register (CAN1SR - address 0x4004 401C, CAN2SR - address 0x4004 801C) bit description
Bit

Symbol Value

Function

Reset RM
Value Set

10

TBS2[1]

Transmit Buffer Status 2.

0(locked)

Software cannot access the Tx Buffer 2 nor write to the corresponding

CANxTFI, CANxTID, CANxTDA, and CANxTDB registers because a
message is either waiting for transmission or is in transmitting process.

1(released)

Software may write a message into the Transmit Buffer 2 and its CANxTFI,
CANxTID, CANxTDA, and CANxTDB registers.

TCS2[2]

11

Transmission Complete Status.

0(incomplete)

The previously requested transmission for Tx Buffer 2 is not complete.

1(complete)

The previously requested transmission for Tx Buffer 2 has been successfully

completed.

12

RS

Receive Status. This bit is identical to the RS bit in the GSR.

13

TS2

Transmit Status 2.

0(idle)

There is no transmission from Tx Buffer 2.

1(transmit)

The CAN Controller is transmitting a message from Tx Buffer 2.

14

ES

Error Status. This bit is identical to the ES bit in the CANxGSR.

15

BS

Bus Status. This bit is identical to the BS bit in the CANxGSR.

16

RBS

Receive Buffer Status. This bit is identical to the RBS bit in the CANxGSR.

17

DOS

Data Overrun Status. This bit is identical to the DOS bit in the CANxGSR.

18

TBS3[1]

Transmit Buffer Status 3.

Receive Status. This bit is identical to the RS bit in the GSR.

Transmit Status 3.

0
0

0(locked)

Software cannot access the Tx Buffer 3 nor write to the corresponding

CANxTFI, CANxTID, CANxTDA, and CANxTDB registers because a
message is either waiting for transmission or is in transmitting process.

1(released)

Software may write a message into the Transmit Buffer 3 and its CANxTFI,
CANxTID, CANxTDA, and CANxTDB registers.

TCS3[2]

19

20

RS

21

TS3

Transmission Complete Status.

0(incomplete)

The previously requested transmission for Tx Buffer 3 is not complete.

1(complete)

The previously requested transmission for Tx Buffer 3 has been successfully

completed.

0(idle)

There is no transmission from Tx Buffer 3.

1(transmit)

The CAN Controller is transmitting a message from Tx Buffer 3.

22

ES

Error Status. This bit is identical to the ES bit in the CANxGSR.

23

BS

Bus Status. This bit is identical to the BS bit in the CANxGSR.

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

31:24 [1]

If the CPU tries to write to this Transmit Buffer when the Transmit Buffer Status bit is '0' (locked), the written byte is not accepted and is
lost without this being signalled.

[2]

The Transmission Complete Status bit is set '0' (incomplete) whenever the Transmission Request bit or the Self Reception Request bit
is set '1' for this TX buffer. The Transmission Complete Status bit remains '0' until a message is transmitted successfully.

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20.7.9 CAN Receive Frame Status register (CAN1RFS - 0x4004 4020,

CAN2RFS - 0x4004 8020)
This register defines the characteristics of the current received message. It is read-only in
normal operation but can be written for testing purposes if the RM bit in CANxMOD is 1.
Table 448. CAN Receive Frame Status register (CAN1RFS - address 0x4004 4020, CAN2RFS - address 0x4004 8020)
bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset RM
Value Set

9:0

ID Index

If the BP bit (below) is 0, this value is the zero-based number of the Lookup Table RAM entry 0
at which the Acceptance Filter matched the received Identifier. Disabled entries in the
Standard tables are included in this numbering, but will not be matched. See Section 20.17
Examples of acceptance filter tables and ID index values on page 550 for examples of ID
Index values.

10

BP

If this bit is 1, the current message was received in AF Bypass mode, and the ID Index field 0
(above) is meaningless.

15:11 -

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

19:16 DLC

The field contains the Data Length Code (DLC) field of the current received message. When 0
RTR = 0, this is related to the number of data bytes available in the CANRDA and CANRDB
registers as follows:

NA
X

0000-0111 = 0 to 7 bytes1000-1111 = 8 bytes

With RTR = 1, this value indicates the number of data bytes requested to be sent back, with
the same encoding.
29:20 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

30

RTR

This bit contains the Remote Transmission Request bit of the current received message. 0
indicates a Data Frame, in which (if DLC is non-zero) data can be read from the CANRDA
and possibly the CANRDB registers. 1 indicates a Remote frame, in which case the DLC
value identifies the number of data bytes requested to be sent using the same Identifier.

31

FF

A 0 in this bit indicates that the current received message included an 11-bit Identifier, while 0
a 1 indicates a 29-bit Identifier. This affects the contents of the CANid register described
below.

20.7.9.1 ID index field

The ID Index is a 10-bit field in the Info Register that contains the table position of the ID
Look-up Table if the currently received message was accepted. The software can use this
index to simplify message transfers from the Receive Buffer into the Shared Message
Memory. Whenever bit 10 (BP) of the ID Index in the CANRFS register is 1, the current
CAN message was received in acceptance filter bypass mode.

20.7.10 CAN Receive Identifier register (CAN1RID - 0x4004 4024, CAN2RID 0x4004 8024)
This register contains the Identifier field of the current received message. It is read-only in
normal operation but can be written for testing purposes if the RM bit in CANmod is 1. It
has two different formats depending on the FF bit in CANRFS. See Table 436 for details
on specific CAN channel register address.

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Table 449. CAN Receive Identifier register (CAN1RID - address 0x4004 4024, CAN2RID - address 0x4004 8024) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset Value

RM Set

10:0

ID

The 11-bit Identifier field of the current received message. In CAN 2.0A, these
bits are called ID10-0, while in CAN 2.0B theyre called ID29-18.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

31:11 -

Table 450. RX Identifier register when FF = 1

Bit

Symbol

Function

28:0

ID

The 29-bit Identifier field of the current received message. In CAN 2.0B these bits 0
are called ID29-0.

31:29 -

Reset Value

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

RM Set

NA

20.7.11 CAN Receive Data register A (CAN1RDA - 0x4004 4028, CAN2RDA 0x4004 8028)
This register contains the first 1-4 Data bytes of the current received message. It is
read-only in normal operation, but can be written for testing purposes if the RM bit in
CANMOD is 1. See Table 436 for details on specific CAN channel register address.
Table 451. CAN Receive Data register A (CAN1RDA - address 0x4004 4028, CAN2RDA - address 0x4004 8028) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Function

7:0

Data 1

If the DLC field in CANRFS 0001, this contains the first Data byte of the current 0
received message.

Reset Value

RM Set

15:8

Data 2

If the DLC field in CANRFS 0010, this contains the first Data byte of the current 0
received message.

23:16 Data 3

If the DLC field in CANRFS 0011, this contains the first Data byte of the current 0
received message.

31:24 Data 4

If the DLC field in CANRFS 0100, this contains the first Data byte of the current 0
received message.

20.7.12 CAN Receive Data register B (CAN1RDB - 0x4004 402C, CAN2RDB 0x4004 802C)
This register contains the 5th through 8th Data bytes of the current received message. It is
read-only in normal operation, but can be written for testing purposes if the RM bit in
CANMOD is 1. See Table 436 for details on specific CAN channel register address.
Table 452. CAN Receive Data register B (CAN1RDB - address 0x4004 402C, CAN2RDB - address 0x4004 802C) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Function

7:0

Data 5

If the DLC field in CANRFS 0101, this contains the first Data byte of the current 0
received message.

15:8

Data 6

If the DLC field in CANRFS 0110, this contains the first Data byte of the current 0
received message.

23:16 Data 7

If the DLC field in CANRFS 0111, this contains the first Data byte of the current 0
received message.

31:24 Data 8

If the DLC field in CANRFS 1000, this contains the first Data byte of the current 0
received message.

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20.7.13 CAN Transmit Frame Information register (CAN1TFI[1/2/3] 0x4004 40[30/ 40/50], CAN2TFI[1/2/3] - 0x4004 80[30/40/50])
When the corresponding TBS bit in CANSR is 1, software can write to one of these
registers to define the format of the next transmit message for that Tx buffer. Bits not listed
read as 0 and should be written as 0.
The values for the reserved bits of the CANxTFI register in the Transmit Buffer should be
set to the values expected in the Receive Buffer for an easy comparison, when using the
Self Reception facility (self test), otherwise they are not defined.
The CAN Controller consist of three Transmit Buffers. Each of them has a length of 4
words and is able to store one complete CAN message as shown in Figure 78.
The buffer layout is subdivided into Descriptor and Data Field where the first word of the
Descriptor Field includes the TX Frame Info that describes the Frame Format, the Data
Length and whether it is a Remote or Data Frame. In addition, a TX Priority register allows
the definition of a certain priority for each transmit message. Depending on the chosen
Frame Format, an 11-bit identifier for Standard Frame Format (SFF) or an 29-bit identifier
for Extended Frame Format (EFF) follows. Note that unused bits in the TID field have to
be defined as 0. The Data Field in TDA and TDB contains up to eight data bytes.
Table 453. CAN Transmit Frame Information register (CAN1TFI[1/2/3] - address 0x4004 40[30/40/50], CAN2TFI[1/2/3] 0x4004 80[30/40/50]) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

7:0

PRIO

If the TPM (Transmit Priority Mode) bit in the CANxMOD register is set to 1, enabled Tx
Buffers contend for the right to send their messages based on this field. The buffer with the
lowest TX Priority value wins the prioritization and is sent first.

15:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

Data Length Code. This value is sent in the DLC field of the next transmit message. In
addition, if RTR = 0, this value controls the number of Data bytes sent in the next transmit
message, from the CANxTDA and CANxTDB registers:

19:16 DLC

Reset RM
Value Set

0000-0111 = 0-7 bytes

1xxx = 8 bytes
29:20 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

30

RTR

This value is sent in the RTR bit of the next transmit message. If this bit is 0, the number of
data bytes called out by the DLC field are sent from the CANxTDA and CANxTDB registers.
If this bit is 1, a Remote Frame is sent, containing a request for that number of bytes.

31

FF

If this bit is 0, the next transmit message will be sent with an 11-bit Identifier (standard frame 0
format), while if its 1, the message will be sent with a 29-bit Identifier (extended frame
format).

Automatic transmit priority detection

To allow uninterrupted streams of transmit messages, the CAN Controller provides

Automatic Transmit Priority Detection for all Transmit Buffers. Depending on the selected
Transmit Priority Mode, internal prioritization is based on the CAN Identifier or a user
defined "local priority". If more than one message is enabled for transmission (TR=1) the
internal transmit message queue is organized such as that the transmit buffer with the
lowest CAN Identifier (TID) or the lowest "local priority" (TX Priority) wins the prioritization

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and is sent first. The result of the internal scheduling process is taken into account short
before a new CAN message is sent on the bus. This is also true after the occurrence of a
transmission error and right before a re-transmission.
Tx DLC

The number of bytes in the Data Field of a message is coded with the Data Length Code
(DLC). At the start of a Remote Frame transmission the DLC is not considered due to the
RTR bit being '1 ' (remote). This forces the number of transmitted/received data bytes to
be 0. Nevertheless, the DLC must be specified correctly to avoid bus errors, if two CAN
Controllers start a Remote Frame transmission with the same identifier simultaneously.
For reasons of compatibility no DLC > 8 should be used. If a value greater than 8 is
selected, 8 bytes are transmitted in the data frame with the Data Length Code specified in
DLC. The range of the Data Byte Count is 0 to 8 bytes and is coded as follows:
(12)
DataByteCount = DLC

20.7.14 CAN Transmit Identifier register (CAN1TID[1/2/3] 0x4004 40[34/44/54], CAN2TID[1/2/3] - 0x4004 80[34/44/54])
When the corresponding TBS bit in CANxSR is 1, software can write to one of these
registers to define the Identifier field of the next transmit message. Bits not listed read as 0
and should be written as 0. The register assumes two different formats depending on the
FF bit in CANTFI.
In Standard Frame Format messages, the CAN Identifier consists of 11 bits (ID.28 to
ID.18), and in Extended Frame Format messages, the CAN identifier consists of 29 bits
(ID.28 to ID.0). ID.28 is the most significant bit, and it is transmitted first on the bus during
the arbitration process. The Identifier acts as the message's name, used in a receiver for
acceptance filtering, and also determines the bus access priority during the arbitration
process.
Table 454. CAN Transfer Identifier register (CAN1TID[1/2/3] - address 0x4004 40[34/44/54], CAN2TID[1/2/3] - address
0x4004 80[34/44/54]) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset Value

RM Set

10:0

ID

The 11-bit Identifier to be sent in the next transmit message.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:11 -

Table 455. Transfer Identifier register when FF = 1

Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset Value

RM Set

28:0

ID

The 29-bit Identifier to be sent in the next transmit message.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:29 -

20.7.15 CAN Transmit Data register A (CAN1TDA[1/2/3] - 0x4004 40[38/48/58],

CAN2TDA[1/2/3] - 0x4004 80[38/48/58])
When the corresponding TBS bit in CANSR is 1, software can write to one of these
registers to define the first 1 - 4 data bytes of the next transmit message. The Data Length
Code defines the number of transferred data bytes. The first bit transmitted is the most
significant bit of TX Data Byte 1.
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Table 456. CAN Transmit Data register A (CAN1TDA[1/2/3] - address 0x4004 40[38/48/58], CAN2TDA[1/2/3] - address
0x4004 80[38/48/58]) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset Value RM Set

7:0

Data 1

If RTR = 0 and DLC 0001 in the corresponding CANxTFI, this byte is sent as
the first Data byte of the next transmit message.

15;8

Data 2

If RTR = 0 and DLC 0010 in the corresponding CANxTFI, this byte is sent as
the 2nd Data byte of the next transmit message.

23:16 Data 3

If RTR = 0 and DLC 0011 in the corresponding CANxTFI, this byte is sent as
the 3rd Data byte of the next transmit message.

31:24 Data 4

If RTR = 0 and DLC 0100 in the corresponding CANxTFI, this byte is sent as
the 4th Data byte of the next transmit message.

20.7.16 CAN Transmit Data register B (CAN1TDB[1/2/3] 0x4004 40[3C/4C/5C], CAN2TDB[1/2/3] - 0x4004 80[3C/4C/5C])
When the corresponding TBS bit in CANSR is 1, software can write to one of these
registers to define the 5th through 8th data bytes of the next transmit message. The Data
Length Code defines the number of transferred data bytes. The first bit transmitted is the
most significant bit of TX Data Byte 1.
Table 457. CAN Transmit Data register B (CAN1TDB[1/2/3] - address 0x4004 40[3C/4C/5C], CAN2TDB[1/2/3] - address
0x4004 80[3C/4C/5C]) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

7:0

Data 5

If RTR = 0 and DLC 0101 in the corresponding CANTFI, this byte is sent as the 0
5th Data byte of the next transmit message.

Reset Value

RM Set

15;8

Data 6

If RTR = 0 and DLC 0110 in the corresponding CANTFI, this byte is sent as the 0
6th Data byte of the next transmit message.

23:16 Data 7

If RTR = 0 and DLC 0111 in the corresponding CANTFI, this byte is sent as the 0
7th Data byte of the next transmit message.

31:24 Data 8

If RTR = 0 and DLC 1000 in the corresponding CANTFI, this byte is sent as the 0
8th Data byte of the next transmit message.

20.7.17 CAN Sleep Clear register (CANSLEEPCLR - 0x400F C110)

This register provides the current sleep state of the two CAN channels and provides a
means to restore the clocks to that channel following wake-up. Refer to Section 20.8.2
Sleep mode for more information on the CAN sleep feature.
Table 458. CAN Sleep Clear register (CANSLEEPCLR - address 0x400F C110) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset Value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

CAN1SLEEP

Sleep status and control for CAN channel 1.

Read: when 1, indicates that CAN channel 1 is in the sleep mode.

Write: writing a 1 causes clocks to be restored to CAN channel 1.
2

CAN2SLEEP

Sleep status and control for CAN channel 2.

Read: when 1, indicates that CAN channel 2 is in the sleep mode.

Write: writing a 1 causes clocks to be restored to CAN channel 2.
31:3

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20.7.18 CAN Wake-up Flags register (CANWAKEFLAGS - 0x400F C114)

This register provides the wake-up status for the two CAN channels and allows clearing
wake-up events. Refer to Section 20.8.2 Sleep mode for more information on the CAN
sleep feature.
Table 459. CAN Wake-up Flags register (CANWAKEFLAGS - address 0x400F C114) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Function

Reset Value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

CAN1WAKE

Wake-up status for CAN channel 1.

Read: when 1, indicates that a falling edge has occurred on the receive data line of
CAN channel 1.
Write: writing a 1 clears this bit.
2

CAN2WAKE

Wake-up status for CAN channel 2.

Read: when 1, indicates that a falling edge has occurred on the receive data line of
CAN channel 2.
Write: writing a 1 clears this bit.
31:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

20.8 CAN controller operation

20.8.1 Error handling
The CAN Controllers count and handle transmit and receive errors as specified in CAN
Spec 2.0B. The Transmit and Receive Error Counters are incriminated for each detected
error and are decremented when operation is error-free. If the Transmit Error counter
contains 255 and another error occurs, the CAN Controller is forced into a state called
Bus-Off. In this state, the following register bits are set: BS in CANxSR, BEI and EI in
CANxIR if these are enabled, and RM in CANxMOD. RM resets and disables much of the
CAN Controller. Also at this time the Transmit Error Counter is set to 127 and the Receive
Error Counter is cleared. Software must next clear the RM bit. Thereafter the Transmit
Error Counter will count down 128 occurrences of the Bus Free condition (11 consecutive
recessive bits). Software can monitor this countdown by reading the Tx Error Counter.
When this countdown is complete, the CAN Controller clears BS and ES in CANxSR, and
sets EI in CANxSR if EIE in IER is 1.
The Tx and Rx error counters can be written if RM in CANxMOD is 1. Writing 255 to the
Tx Error Counter forces the CAN Controller to Bus-Off state. If Bus-Off (BS in CANxSR) is
1, writing any value 0 through 254 to the Tx Error Counter clears Bus-Off. When software
clears RM in CANxMOD thereafter, only one Bus Free condition (11 consecutive
recessive bits) is needed before operation resumes.

20.8.2 Sleep mode

The CAN Controller will enter sleep mode if the SM bit in the CAN Mode register is 1, no
CAN interrupt is pending, and there is no activity on the CAN bus. Software can only set
SM when RM in the CAN Mode register is 0; it can also set the WUIE bit in the CAN
Interrupt Enable register to enable an interrupt on any wake-up condition.

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The CAN Controller wakes up (and sets WUI in the CAN Interrupt register if WUIE in the
CAN Interrupt Enable register is 1) in response to a) a dominant bit on the CAN bus, or b)
software clearing SM in the CAN Mode register. A sleeping CAN Controller that wakes up
in response to bus activity is not able to receive an initial message until after it detects
Bus_Free (11 consecutive recessive bits). If an interrupt is pending or the CAN bus is
active when software sets SM, the wake-up is immediate.
Upon wake-up, software needs to do the following things:
1. Write a 1 to the relevant bit(s) in the CANSLEEPCLR register.
2. Write a 0 to the SM bit in the CAN1MOD and/or CAN2MOD register.
3. Write a 1 to the relevant bit(s) in the CANWAKEFLAGS register. Failure to perform
this step will prevent subsequent entry into Power-down mode.
If the LPC178x/177x is in Deep Sleep or Power-down mode, CAN activity will wake up the
device if the CAN activity interrupt is enabled. See Section 4.7 Power control.

20.8.3 Interrupts
Each CAN Controller produces 3 interrupt requests, Receive, Transmit, and other status.
The Transmit interrupt is the OR of the Transmit interrupts from the three Tx Buffers. All of
the interrupts share one NVIC channel. A separate interrupt is provided for the CAN
activity interrupt.

20.8.4 Transmit priority

If the TPM bit in the CANxMOD register is 0, multiple enabled Tx Buffers contend for the
right to send their messages based on the value of their CAN Identifier (TID). If TPM is 1,
they contend based on the PRIO fields in bits 7:0 of their CANxTFS registers. In both
cases the smallest binary value has priority. If two (or three) transmit-enabled buffers have
the same smallest value, the lowest-numbered buffer sends first.
The CAN controller selects among multiple enabled Tx Buffers dynamically, just before it
sends each message.

20.9 Centralized CAN registers

For easy and fast access, all CAN Controller Status bits from each CAN Controller Status
register are bundled together. Each defined byte of the following registers contains one
particular status bit from each of the CAN controllers, in its LS bits.
All Status registers are read-only and allow byte, half word and word access.

20.9.1 Central Transmit Status Register (CANTxSR - 0x4004 0000)

Table 460. Central Transit Status Register (CANTxSR - address 0x4004 0000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

TS1

When 1, the CAN controller 1 is sending a message (same as TS in the CAN1GSR).

TS2

When 1, the CAN controller 2 is sending a message (same as TS in the CAN2GSR)

7:2

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

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Table 460. Central Transit Status Register (CANTxSR - address 0x4004 0000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

TBS1

When 1, all 3 Tx Buffers of the CAN1 controller are available to the CPU (same as TBS in
CAN1GSR).

TBS2

When 1, all 3 Tx Buffers of the CAN2 controller are available to the CPU (same as TBS in
CAN2GSR).

15:10 -

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

16

TCS1

When 1, all requested transmissions have been completed successfully by the CAN1
controller (same as TCS in CAN1GSR).

17:16 TCS2

When 1, all requested transmissions have been completed successfully by the CAN2
controller (same as TCS in CAN2GSR).

31:18 -

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

20.9.2 Central Receive Status Register (CANRxSR - 0x4004 0004)

Table 461. Central Receive Status Register (CANRxSR - address 0x4004 0004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

RS1

When 1, CAN1 is receiving a message (same as RS in CAN1GSR).

RS2

When 1, CAN2 is receiving a message (same as RS in CAN2GSR).

7:2

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

RB1

When 1, a received message is available in the CAN1 controller (same as RBS in

CAN1GSR).

RB2

When 1, a received message is available in the CAN2 controller (same as RBS in

CAN2GSR).

15:10 -

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

16

DOS1

When 1, a message was lost because the preceding message to CAN1 controller was not
read out quickly enough (same as DOS in CAN1GSR).

17:16 DOS2

When 1, a message was lost because the preceding message to CAN2 controller was not
read out quickly enough (same as DOS in CAN2GSR).

31:18 -

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

20.9.3 Central Miscellaneous Status Register (CANMSR - 0x4004 0008)

Table 462. Central Miscellaneous Status Register (CANMSR - address 0x4004 0008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

E1

When 1, one or both of the CAN1 Tx and Rx Error Counters has reached the limit set in the 0
CAN1EWL register (same as ES in CAN1GSR)

E2

When 1, one or both of the CAN2 Tx and Rx Error Counters has reached the limit set in the 0
CAN2EWL register (same as ES in CAN2GSR)

7:2

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

BS1

When 1, the CAN1 controller is currently involved in bus activities (same as BS in

CAN1GSR).

BS2

When 1, the CAN2 controller is currently involved in bus activities (same as BS in

CAN2GSR).

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

31:10 -

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20.10 Global acceptance filter

This block provides lookup for received Identifiers (called Acceptance Filtering in CAN
terminology) for all the CAN Controllers. It includes a 512 32 (2 kB) RAM in which
software maintains one to five tables of Identifiers. This RAM can contain up to 1024
Standard Identifiers or 512 Extended Identifiers, or a mixture of both types.

20.11 Acceptance filter modes

The Acceptance Filter can be put into different modes by setting the according AccOff,
AccBP, and eFCAN bits in the Acceptance Filter Mode Register (Section 20.14.1
Acceptance Filter Mode Register (AFMR - 0x4003 C000)). During each mode the
access to the Configuration Register and the ID Look-up table is handled differently.
Table 463. Acceptance filter modes and access control
Acceptance Bit
Bit
Acceptance
filter mode AccOff AccBP filter state

ID Look-up
table
RAM[1]

Acceptanc
e filter
config.
registers

CAN controller
message receive
interrupt

Off Mode

reset &
halted

r/w access
from CPU

r/w access
from CPU

no messages
accepted

Bypass
Mode

reset &
halted

r/w access
from CPU

r/w access
from CPU

all messages
accepted

Operating
Mode and
FullCAN
Mode

running

read-only
from CPU[2]

access from hardware

Acceptance acceptance filtering
filter only

[1]

The whole ID Look-up Table RAM is only word accessible.

[2]

During the Operating Mode of the Acceptance Filter the Look-up Table can be accessed only to disable or
enable Messages.

A write access to all section configuration registers is only possible during the Acceptance
Filter Off and Bypass Mode. Read access is allowed in all Acceptance Filter Modes.

20.11.1 Acceptance filter Off mode

The Acceptance Filter Off Mode is typically used during initialization. During this mode an
unconditional access to all registers and to the Look-up Table RAM is possible. With the
Acceptance Filter Off Mode, CAN messages are not accepted and therefore not stored in
the Receive Buffers of active CAN Controllers.

20.11.2 Acceptance filter Bypass mode

The Acceptance Filter Bypass Mode can be used for example to change the acceptance
filter configuration during a running system, e.g. change of identifiers in the ID-Look-up
Table memory. During this re-configuration, software acceptance filtering has to be used.
It is recommended to use the ID ready Interrupt (ID Index) and the Receive Interrupt (RI).
In this mode all CAN message are accepted and stored in the Receive Buffers of active
CAN Controllers.

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20.11.3 Acceptance filter Operating mode

The Acceptance Filter is in Operating Mode when neither the AccOff nor the AccBP in the
Configuration Register is set and the eFCAN = 0.

20.11.4 FullCAN mode

The Acceptance Filter is in Operating Mode when neither the AccOff nor the AccBP in the
Configuration Register is set and the eFCAN = 1. More details on FullCAN mode are
available in Section 20.16 FullCAN mode.

20.12 Sections of the ID look-up table RAM

Four 12-bit section configuration registers (SFF_sa, SFF_GRP_sa, EFF_sa,
EFF_GRP_sa) are used to define the boundaries of the different identifier sections in the
ID-Look-up Table Memory. The fifth 12-bit section configuration register, the End of Table
address register (ENDofTable) is used to define the end of all identifier sections. The End
of Table address is also used to assign the start address of the section where FullCAN
Message Objects, if enabled are stored.
Table 464. Section configuration register settings
ID-Look up Table Section

Register

Value

Section
status

FullCAN (Standard Frame Format) Identifier Section

SFF_sa

= 0x000

disabled

Explicit Standard Frame Format Identifier Section

SFF_GRP_sa = SFF_sa

disabled

> SFF_sa

enabled

> 0x000

enabled

Group of Standard Frame Format Identifier Section

EFF_sa

= SFF_GRP_sa disabled

Explicit Extended Frame Format Identifier Section

EFF_GRP_sa = EFF_sa

disabled

> EFF_sa

enabled

> SFF_GRP_sa enabled

Group of Extended Frame Format Identifier Section

ENDofTable

= EFF_GRP_sa disabled
> EFF_GRP_sa enabled

20.13 ID look-up table RAM

The Whole ID Look-up Table RAM is only word accessible. A write access is only possible
during the Acceptance Filter Off or Bypass Mode. Read access is allowed in all
Acceptance Filter Modes.
If Standard (11-bit) Identifiers are used in the application, at least one of 3 tables in
Acceptance Filter RAM must not be empty. If the optional FullCAN mode is enabled, the
first table contains Standard identifiers for which reception is to be handled in this mode.
The next table contains individual Standard Identifiers and the third contains ranges of
Standard Identifiers, for which messages are to be received via the CAN Controllers. The
tables of FullCAN and individual Standard Identifiers must be arranged in ascending
numerical order, one per halfword, two per word. Since each CAN bus has its own
address map, each entry also contains the number of the CAN Controller (001-010) to
which it applies.
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31
15

CONTROLLER #

16
0

26
10

29
13

DIS
NOT
ABLE USED

IDENTIFIER

Fig 82. Entry in FullCAN and individual standard identifier tables

The table of Standard Identifier Ranges contains paired upper and lower (inclusive)
bounds, one pair per word. These must also be arranged in ascending numerical order.

16
LOWER IDENTIFIER
BOUND

10
CONTROLLER
#

DISABLE
NOT USED

CONTROLLER
#

26
NOT USED

29
DISABLE

31

0
UPPER IDENTIFIER
BOUND

Fig 83. Entry in standard identifier range table

The disable bits in Standard entries provide a means to turn response, to particular CAN
Identifiers or ranges of Identifiers, on and off dynamically. When the Acceptance Filter
function is enabled, only the disable bits in Acceptance Filter RAM can be changed by
software. Response to a range of Standard addresses can be enabled by writing 32 zero
bits to its word in RAM, and turned off by writing 32 one bits (0xFFFF FFFF) to its word in
RAM. Only the disable bits are actually changed. Disabled entries must maintain the
ascending sequence of Identifiers.
If Extended (29-bit) Identifiers are used in the application, at least one of the other two
tables in Acceptance Filter RAM must not be empty, one for individual Extended Identifiers
and one for ranges of Extended Identifiers. The table of individual Extended Identifiers
must be arranged in ascending numerical order.

31

29 28

CONTROLLER #

IDENTIFIER

Fig 84. Entry in either extended identifier table

The table of ranges of Extended Identifiers must contain an even number of entries, of the
same form as in the individual Extended Identifier table. Like the Individual Extended
table, the Extended Range must be arranged in ascending numerical order. The first and
second (3rd and 4th ) entries in the table are implicitly paired as an inclusive range of
Extended addresses, such that any received address that falls in the inclusive range is
received (accepted). Software must maintain the table to consist of such word pairs.
There is no facility to receive messages to Extended identifiers using the FullCAN
method.

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Five address registers point to the boundaries between the tables in Acceptance Filter
RAM: FullCAN Standard addresses, Standard Individual addresses, Standard address
ranges, Extended Individual addresses, and Extended address ranges. These tables
must be consecutive in memory. The start of each of the latter four tables is implicitly the
end of the preceding table. The end of the Extended range table is given in an End of
Tables register. If the start address of a table equals the start of the next table or the End
Of Tables register, that table is empty.
When the Receive side of a CAN controller has received a complete Identifier, it signals
the Acceptance Filter of this fact. The Acceptance Filter responds to this signal, and reads
the Controller number, the size of the Identifier, and the Identifier itself from the Controller.
It then proceeds to search its RAM to determine whether the message should be received
or ignored.
If FullCAN mode is enabled and the CAN controller signals that the current message
contains a Standard identifier, the Acceptance Filter first searches the table of identifiers
for which reception is to be done in FullCAN mode. Otherwise, or if the AF doesnt find a
match in the FullCAN table, it searches its individual Identifier table for the size of Identifier
signalled by the CAN controller. If it finds an equal match, the AF signals the CAN
controller to retain the message, and provides it with an ID Index value to store in its
Receive Frame Status register.
If the Acceptance Filter does not find a match in the appropriate individual Identifier table,
it then searches the Identifier Range table for the size of Identifier signalled by the CAN
controller. If the AF finds a match to a range in the table, it similarly signals the CAN
controller to retain the message, and provides it with an ID Index value to store in its
Receive Frame Status register. If the Acceptance Filter does not find a match in either the
individual or Range table for the size of Identifier received, it signals the CAN controller to
discard/ignore the received message.

20.14 Acceptance filter registers

20.14.1 Acceptance Filter Mode Register (AFMR - 0x4003 C000)
The AccBP and AccOff bits of the acceptance filter mode register are used for putting the
acceptance filter into the Bypass and Off mode. The eFCAN bit of the mode register can
be used to activate a FullCAN mode enhancement for received 11-bit CAN ID messages.
Table 465. Acceptance Filter Mode Register (AFMR - address 0x4003 C000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

AccOff[2]

if AccBP is 0, the Acceptance Filter is not operational. All Rx messages on all CAN 1
buses are ignored.

AccBP[1]

All Rx messages are accepted on enabled CAN controllers. Software must set this 0
bit before modifying the contents of any of the registers described below, and
before modifying the contents of Lookup Table RAM in any way other than setting
or clearing Disable bits in Standard Identifier entries. When both this bit and AccOff
are 0, the Acceptance filter operates to screen received CAN Identifiers.

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Table 465. Acceptance Filter Mode Register (AFMR - address 0x4003 C000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset Value

eFCAN[3]

Software must read all messages for all enabled IDs on all enabled CAN buses,
from the receiving CAN controllers.

The Acceptance Filter itself will take care of receiving and storing messages for
selected Standard ID values on selected CAN buses. See Section 20.16 FullCAN
mode on page 539.

31:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

[1]

Acceptance Filter Bypass Mode (AccBP): By setting the AccBP bit in the Acceptance Filter Mode Register,
the Acceptance filter is put into the Acceptance Filter Bypass mode. During bypass mode, the internal state
machine of the Acceptance Filter is reset and halted. All received CAN messages are accepted, and
acceptance filtering can be done by software.

[2]

Acceptance Filter Off mode (AccOff): After power-up or hardware reset, the Acceptance filter will be in Off
mode, the AccOff bit in the Acceptance filter Mode register 0 will be set to 1. The internal state machine of
the acceptance filter is reset and halted. If not in Off mode, setting the AccOff bit, either by hardware or by
software, will force the acceptance filter into Off mode.

[3]

FullCAN Mode Enhancements: A FullCAN mode for received CAN messages can be enabled by setting the
eFCAN bit in the acceptance filter mode register.

20.14.2 Section configuration registers

The 10-bit section configuration registers are used for the ID look-up table RAM to
indicate the boundaries of the different sections for explicit and group of CAN identifiers
for 11-bit CAN and 29-bit CAN identifiers, respectively. The 10-bit wide section
configuration registers allow the use of a 512x32 (2 kB) look-up table RAM. The whole ID
Look-up Table RAM is only word accessible. All five section configuration registers contain
APB addresses for the acceptance filter RAM and do not include the APB base address.
A write access to all section configuration registers is only possible during the Acceptance
filter off and Bypass modes. Read access is allowed in all acceptance filter modes.

20.14.3 Standard Frame Individual Start Address register (SFF_sa 0x4003 C004)
Table 466. Standard Frame Individual Start Address register (SFF_sa - address 0x4003 C004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

1:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10:2

SFF_sa[1]

The start address of the table of individual Standard Identifiers in AF Lookup RAM. If the 0
table is empty, write the same value in this register and the SFF_GRP_sa register
described below. For compatibility with possible future devices, write zeroes in bits 31:11
and 1:0 of this register. If the eFCAN bit in the AFMR is 1, this value also indicates the size
of the table of Standard IDs which the Acceptance Filter will search and (if found)
automatically store received messages in Acceptance Filter RAM.

31:11 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

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Write access to the look-up table section configuration registers are possible only during the Acceptance
filter bypass mode or the Acceptance filter off mode.

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20.14.4 Standard Frame Group Start Address register (SFF_GRP_sa 0x4003 C008)
Table 467. Standard Frame Group Start Address register (SFF_GRP_sa - address 0x4003 C008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

1:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

11:2

SFF_GRP_sa[1] The start address of the table of grouped Standard Identifiers in AF Lookup RAM. If 0
the table is empty, write the same value in this register and the EFF_sa register
described below. The largest value that should be written to this register is 0x800,
when only the Standard Individual table is used, and the last word (address 0x7FC)
in AF Lookup Table RAM is used. For compatibility with possible future devices,
please write zeroes in bits 31:12 and 1:0 of this register.

31:12 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

NA

Write access to the look-up table section configuration registers are possible only during the Acceptance
filter bypass mode or the Acceptance filter off mode.

20.14.5 Extended Frame Start Address register (EFF_sa - 0x4003 C00C)

Table 468. Extended Frame Start Address register (EFF_sa - address 0x4003 C00C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

1:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10:2

EFF_sa[1]

The start address of the table of individual Extended Identifiers in AF Lookup RAM. If the 0
table is empty, write the same value in this register and the EFF_GRP_sa register
described below. The largest value that should be written to this register is 0x800, when
both Extended Tables are empty and the last word (address 0x7FC) in AF Lookup Table
RAM is used. For compatibility with possible future devices, please write zeroes in bits
31:11 and 1:0 of this register.

31:11 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

NA

Write access to the look-up table section configuration registers are possible only during the Acceptance
filter bypass mode or the Acceptance filter off mode.

20.14.6 Extended Frame Group Start Address register (EFF_GRP_sa 0x4003 C010)
Table 469. Extended Frame Group Start Address register (EFF_GRP_sa - address 0x4003 C010) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

1:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

11:2

Eff_GRP_sa[1]

The start address of the table of grouped Extended Identifiers in AF Lookup RAM. If 0
the table is empty, write the same value in this register and the ENDofTable register
described below. The largest value that should be written to this register is 0x800,
when this table is empty and the last word (address 0x7FC) in AF Lookup Table RAM
is used. For compatibility with possible future devices, please write zeroes in bits
31:12 and 1:0 of this register.

31:12 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

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Write access to the look-up table section configuration registers are possible only during the Acceptance
filter bypass mode or the Acceptance filter off mode.

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20.14.7 End of AF Tables register (ENDofTable - 0x4003 C014)

Table 470. End of AF Tables register (ENDofTable - address 0x4003 C014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

1:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

11:2

EndofTable[1]

The address above the last active address in the last active AF table. For compatibility
with possible future devices, please write zeroes in bits 31:12 and 1:0 of this register.

If the eFCAN bit in the AFMR is 0, the largest value that should be written to this
register is 0x800, which allows the last word (address 0x7FC) in AF Lookup Table RAM
to be used.
If the eFCAN bit in the AFMR is 1, this value marks the start of the area of Acceptance
Filter RAM, into which the Acceptance Filter will automatically receive messages for
selected IDs on selected CAN buses. In this case, the maximum value that should be
written to this register is 0x800 minus 6 times the value in SFF_sa. This allows 12 bytes
of message storage between this address and the end of Acceptance Filter RAM, for
each Standard ID that is specified between the start of Acceptance Filter RAM, and the
next active AF table.
31:12 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

NA

Write access to the look-up table section configuration registers are possible only during the Acceptance
filter bypass mode or the Acceptance filter off mode.

20.14.8 Status registers

The look-up table error status registers, the error addresses, and the flag register provide
information if a programming error in the look-up table RAM during the ID screening was
encountered. The look-up table error address and flag register have only read access. If
an error is detected, the LUTerror flag is set, and the LUTerrorAddr register provides the
information under which address during an ID screening an error in the look-up table was
encountered. Any read of the LUTerrorAddr Filter block can be used for a look-up table
interrupt.

20.14.9 LUT Error Address register (LUTerrAd - 0x4003 C018)

Table 471. LUT Error Address register (LUTerrAd - address 0x4003 C018) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

1:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10:2

LUTerrAd

It the LUT Error bit (below) is 1, this read-only field contains the address in AF Lookup
Table RAM, at which the Acceptance Filter encountered an error in the content of the
tables.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:11 -

20.14.10 LUT Error register (LUTerr - 0x4003 C01C)

Table 472. LUT Error register (LUTerr - address 0x4003 C01C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

LUTerr

This read-only bit is set to 1 if the Acceptance Filter encounters an error in the content of
the tables in AF RAM. It is cleared when software reads the LUTerrAd register. This
condition is ORed with the other CAN interrupts from the CAN controllers, to produce the
request that is connected to the NVIC.

31:1

Reserved, the value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

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20.14.11 Global FullCANInterrupt Enable register (FCANIE - 0x4003 C020)

A write access to the Global FullCAN Interrupt Enable register is only possible when the
Acceptance Filter is in the off mode.
Table 473. Global FullCAN Enable register (FCANIE - address 0x4003 C020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

FCANIE

Global FullCAN Interrupt Enable. When 1, this interrupt is enabled.

31:1

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

20.14.12 FullCAN Interrupt and Capture registers (FCANIC0 - 0x4003 C024 and
FCANIC1 - 0x4003 C028)
For detailed description on these two registers, see Section 20.16.2 FullCAN interrupts.
Table 474. FullCAN Interrupt and Capture register 0 (FCANIC0 - address 0x4003 C024) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

IntPnd0

FullCan Interrupt Pending bit 0.

...

IntPndx (0<x<31)

FullCan Interrupt Pending bit x.

31

IntPnd31

FullCan Interrupt Pending bit 31.

Table 475. FullCAN Interrupt and Capture register 1 (FCANIC1 - address 0x4003 C028) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

IntPnd32

FullCan Interrupt Pending bit 32.

...

IntPndx (32<x<63)

FullCan Interrupt Pending bit x.

31

IntPnd63

FullCan Interrupt Pending bit 63.

20.15 Configuration and search algorithm

The CAN Identifier Look-up Table Memory can contain explicit identifiers and groups of
CAN identifiers for Standard and Extended CAN Frame Formats. They are organized as a
sorted list or table with an increasing order of the Source CAN Channel (SCC) together
with CAN Identifier in each section.
SCC value equals CAN_controller - 1, i.e., SCC = 0 matches CAN1 and SCC = 1
matches CAN2.
Every CAN identifier is linked to an ID Index number. In case of a CAN Identifier match,
the matching ID Index is stored in the Identifier Index of the Frame Status Register
(CANRFS) of the according CAN Controller.

20.15.1 Acceptance filter search algorithm

The identifier screening process of the acceptance filter starts in the following order:
1. FullCAN (Standard Frame Format) Identifier Section
2. Explicit Standard Frame Format Identifier Section
3. Group of Standard Frame Format Identifier Section
4. Explicit Extended Frame Format Identifier Section
5. Group of Extended Frame Format Identifier Section
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Note: Only activated sections will take part in the screening process.
In cases where equal message identifiers of same frame format are defined in more than
one section, the first match will end the screening process for this identifier.
For example, if the same Source CAN Channel in conjunction with the identifier is defined
in the FullCAN, the Explicit Standard Frame Format and the Group of Standard Frame
Format Identifier Sections, the screening will already be finished with the match in the
FullCAN section.
In the example of Figure 85, Identifiers with their Source CAN Channel have been defined
in the FullCAN, Explicit and Group of Standard Frame Format Identifier Sections. This
example corresponds part with 6 CAN controllers.

Message
disable bit

Message
disable bit

Index 0, 1

SCC = 1

ID = 0x5A

SCC = 1

...

Index 2, 3

SCC = 2

...

SCC = 3

...

Index 4, 5

SCC = 4

...

SCC = 5

...

Index 6, 7

SCC = 6

...

SCC = 6

...

Index 8, 9

SCC = 1

ID = 0x5A

SCC = 1

...

Index 10, 11

SCC = 2

...

SCC = 3

...

Index 12, 13

SCC = 4

...

SCC = 5

...

Index 14

SCC = 1

ID = 0x5A

SCC = 1

ID = 0x5F
0x5A

Index 15

SCC = 2

...

SCC = 2

...

FullCAN
Explicit
Standard
Frame
Format
Identifier
Section

Explicit
Standard
Frame
Format
Identifier
Section
Group of
Standard
Frame
Format
Identifier
Section

Fig 85. ID Look-up table example explaining the search algorithm

The identifier 0x5A of the CAN Controller 1 with the Source CAN Channel SCC = 1, is
defined in all three sections. With this configuration incoming CAN messages on CAN
Controller 1 with a 0x5A identifier will find a match in the FullCAN section.
It is possible to disable the 0x5A identifier in the FullCAN section. With that, the
screening process would be finished with the match in the Explicit Identifier Section.
The first group in the Group Identifier Section has been defined in that way, that incoming
CAN messages with identifiers of 0x5A up to 0x5F are accepted on CAN Controller 1 with
the Source CAN Channel SCC = 1. As stated above, the identifier 0x5A would find a
match already in the FullCAN or in the Explicit Identifier section if enabled. The rest of the
defined identifiers of this group (0x5B to 0x5F) will find a match in this Group Identifier
Section.

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This way the user can switch dynamically between different filter modes for same
identifiers.

20.16 FullCAN mode

The FullCAN mode is based on capabilities provided by the CAN Gateway module used in
the LPC2xxx family of products. This block uses the Acceptance Filter to provide filtering
for both CAN channels.
The concept of the CAN Gateway block is mainly based on a BasicCAN functionality. This
concept fits perfectly in systems where a gateway is used to transfer messages or
message data between different CAN channels. A BasicCAN device is generating a
receive interrupt whenever a CAN message is accepted and received. Software has to
move the received message out of the receive buffer from the according CAN controller
into the user RAM.
To cover dashboard like applications where the controller typically receives data from
several CAN channels for further processing, the CAN Gateway block was extended by a
so-called FullCAN receive function. This additional feature uses an internal message
handler to move received FullCAN messages from the receive buffer of the according
CAN controller into the FullCAN message object data space of Look-up Table RAM.
When FullCAN mode is enabled, the Acceptance Filter itself takes care of receiving and
storing messages for selected Standard ID values on selected CAN buses, in the style of
FullCAN controllers.
In order to set this bit and use this mode, two other conditions must be met with respect to
the contents of Acceptance Filter RAM and the pointers into it:

The Standard Frame Individual Start Address Register (SFF_sa) must be greater than
or equal to the number of IDs for which automatic receive storage is to be done, times
two. SFF_sa must be rounded up to a multiple of 4 if necessary.

The EndOfTable register must be less than or equal to 0x800 minus 6 times the
SFF_sa value, to allow 12 bytes of message storage for each ID for which automatic
receive storage will be done.
When these conditions are met and eFCAN is set:

The area between the start of Acceptance Filter RAM and the SFF_sa address, is
used for a table of individual Standard IDs and CAN Controller/bus identification,
sorted in ascending order and in the same format as in the Individual Standard ID
table (see Figure 82 Entry in FullCAN and individual standard identifier tables on
page 532). Entries can be marked as disabled as in the other Standard tables. If
there are an odd number of FullCAN IDs, at least one entry in this table must be so
marked.

The first (SFF_sa)/2 IDindex values are assigned to these automatically-stored IDs.
That is, IDindex values stored in the Rx Frame Status Register, for IDs not handled in
this way, are increased by (SFF_sa)/2 compared to the values they would have when
eFCAN is 0.

When a Standard ID is received, the Acceptance Filter searches this table before the
Standard Individual and Group tables.
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When a message is received for a controller and ID in this table, the Acceptance filter
reads the received message out of the CAN controller and stores it in Acceptance
Filter RAM, starting at (EndOfTable) + its IDindex*12.

The format of such messages is shown in Table 476.

20.16.1 FullCAN message layout
Table 476. Format of automatically stored Rx messages
Address 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9

SEM
[1:0]

0000

DLC

00000

F R 0000
F T
R

+4

Rx Data 4

Rx Data 3

Rx Data 2

Rx Data 1

+8

Rx Data 8

Rx Data 7

Rx Data 6

Rx Data 5

ID.28 ... ID.18

The FF, RTR, and DLC fields are as described in Table 448.
Since the FullCAN message object section of the Look-up table RAM can be accessed
both by the Acceptance Filter and the CPU, there is a method for insuring that no CPU
reads from FullCAN message object occurs while the Acceptance Filter hardware is
writing to that object.
For this purpose the Acceptance Filter uses a 3-state semaphore, encoded with the two
semaphore bits SEM1 and SEM0 (see Table 476 Format of automatically stored Rx
messages) for each message object. This mechanism provides the CPU with information
about the current state of the Acceptance Filter activity in the FullCAN message object
section.
The semaphore operates in the following manner:
Table 477. FullCAN semaphore operation
SEM1

SEM0

activity

Acceptance Filter is updating the content

Acceptance Filter has finished updating the content

CPU is in process of reading from the Acceptance Filter

Prior to writing the first data byte into a message object, the Acceptance Filter will write
the FrameInfo byte into the according buffer location with SEM[1:0] = 01.
After having written the last data byte into the message object, the Acceptance Filter will
update the semaphore bits by setting SEM[1:0] = 11.
Before reading a message object, the CPU should read SEM[1:0] to determine the current
state of the Acceptance Filter activity therein. If SEM[1:0] = 01, then the Acceptance Filter
is currently active in this message object. If SEM[1:0] = 11, then the message object is
available to be read.
Before the CPU begins reading from the message object, it should clear SEM[1:0] = 00.

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When the CPU is finished reading, it can check SEM[1:0] again. At the time of this final
check, if SEM[1:0] = 01 or 11, then the Acceptance Filter has updated the message object
during the time when the CPU reads were taking place, and the CPU should discard the
data. If, on the other hand, SEM[1:0] = 00 as expected, then valid data has been
successfully read by the CPU.
Figure 86 shows how software should use the SEM field to ensure that all three words
read from the message are all from the same received message.

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START

read 1st word

SEM == 01?

this message has not been

received since last check

SEM == 11?

clear SEM, write back 1st word

read 2nd and 3rd words

read 1st word

SEM == 00?

most recently read 1st, 2nd, and

3rd words are from the same
message

Fig 86. Semaphore procedure for reading an auto-stored message

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20.16.2 FullCAN interrupts

The CAN Gateway Block contains a 2 kB ID Look-up Table RAM. With this size a
maximum number of 146 FullCAN objects can be defined if the whole Look-up Table RAM
is used for FullCAN objects only. Only the first 64 FullCAN objects can be configured to
participate in the interrupt scheme. It is still possible to define more than 64 FullCAN
objects. The only difference is, that the remaining FullCAN objects will not provide a
FullCAN interrupt.
The FullCAN Interrupt Register-set contains interrupt flags (IntPndx) for (pending)
FullCAN receive interrupts. As soon as a FullCAN message is received, the according
interrupt bit (IntPndx) in the FCAN Interrupt Register gets asserted. In case that the Global
FullCAN Interrupt Enable bit is set, the FullCAN Receive Interrupt is passed to the
Vectored Interrupt Controller.
Application Software has to solve the following:
1. Index/Object number calculation based on the bit position in the FCANIC Interrupt
Register for more than one pending interrupt.
2. Interrupt priority handling if more than one FullCAN receive interrupt is pending.
The software that covers the interrupt priority handling has to assign a receive interrupt
priority to every FullCAN object. If more than one interrupt is pending, then the software
has to decide, which received FullCAN object has to be served next.
To each FullCAN object a new FullCAN Interrupt Enable bit (FCANIntxEn) is added, so
that it is possible to enable or disable FullCAN interrupts for each object individually. The
new Message Lost flag (MsgLstx) is introduced to indicate whether more than one
FullCAN message has been received since last time this message object was read by the
CPU. The Interrupt Enable and the Message Lost bits reside in the existing Look-up Table
RAM.

20.16.2.1 FullCAN message interrupt enable bit

In Figure 87 8 FullCAN Identifiers with their Source CAN Channel are defined in the
FullCAN, Section. The new introduced FullCAN Message Interrupt enable bit can be used
to enable for each FullCAN message an Interrupt.

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Message
disable bit

Message
disable bit

3
1

2
9

5 4

Index 0, 1

SCC

11-bit CAN ID

SCC

11-bit CAN ID

Index 2, 3

SCC

11-bit CAN ID

SCC

11-bit CAN ID

Index 4, 5

SCC

11-bit CAN ID

SCC

11-bit CAN ID

Index 6, 7

SCC

11-bit CAN ID

SCC

11-bit CAN ID

New:
FullCAN
Message
Interrupt
enable bit

FullCAN
Explicit
Standard
Frame
Format
Identifier
Section

New:
FullCAN
Message
Interrupt
enable bit

Fig 87. FullCAN section example of the ID look-up table

20.16.2.2 Message lost bit and CAN channel number

Figure 88 is the detailed layout structure of one FullCAN message stored in the FullCAN
message object section of the Look-up Table.

APB

New:

New:

FullCAN

CAN

Message

Source

lost bit

Channel

31

24

23

16

15

10

Base +

Msg_ObjAddr + 0

F
F

S
E
M
1

R
T
R

unused

S
E
M
0

unused

RX DLC

unused

SCC

ID.2
8

ID.1
8

............................

Msg_ObjAddr + 4

RX Data 4

RX Data 3

RX Data 2

RX Data 1

Msg_ObjAddr + 8

RX Data 8

RX Data 7

RX Data 6

RX Data 5

Fig 88. FullCAN message object layout

The new message lost bit (MsgLst) is introduced to indicate whether more than one
FullCAN message has been received since last time this message object was read. For
more information the CAN Source Channel (SCC) of the received FullCAN message is
added to Message Object.

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20.16.2.3 Setting the interrupt pending bits (IntPnd 63 to 0)

The interrupt pending bit (IntPndx) gets asserted in case of an accepted FullCAN
message and if the interrupt of the according FullCAN Object is enabled (enable bit
FCANIntxEn) is set).
During the last write access from the data storage of a FullCAN message object the
interrupt pending bit of a FullCAN object (IntPndx) gets asserted.

20.16.2.4 Clearing the interrupt pending bits (IntPnd 63 to 0)

Each of the FullCAN Interrupt Pending requests gets cleared when the semaphore bits of
a message object are cleared by Software (ARM CPU).

20.16.2.5 Setting the message lost bit of a FullCAN message object (MsgLost 63 to 0)
The Message Lost bit of a FullCAN message object gets asserted in case of an accepted
FullCAN message and when the FullCAN Interrupt of the same object is asserted already.
During the first write access from the data storage of a FullCAN message object the
Message Lost bit of a FullCAN object (MsgLostx) gets asserted if the interrupt pending bit
is set already.

20.16.2.6 Clearing the message lost bit of a FullCAN message object (MsgLost 63 to
0)
The Message Lost bit of a FullCAN message object gets cleared when the FullCAN
Interrupt of the same object is not asserted.
During the first write access from the data storage of a FullCAN message object the
Message Lost bit of a FullCAN object (MsgLostx) gets cleared if the interrupt pending bit
is not set.

20.16.3 Set and clear mechanism of the FullCAN interrupt

Special precaution is needed for the built-in set and clear mechanism of the FullCAN
Interrupts. The following text illustrates how the already existing Semaphore Bits (see
Section 20.16.1 FullCAN message layout for more details) and how the new introduced
features (IntPndx, MsgLstx) will behave.

20.16.3.1 Scenario 1: Normal case, no message lost

Figure 89 below shows a typical normal scenario in which an accepted FullCAN
message is stored in the FullCAN Message Object Section. After storage the message is
read out by Software (ARM CPU).

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semaphore
bits

01

11

00

IntPndx

look-up
table
access

Write
ID, SEM

write
D1

write
D2

write
SEM

read clear
SEM SEM

read
D1

read read
D2 SEM

MsgLostx

message
handler
access

ARM
processor
access

Fig 89. Normal case, no messages lost

20.16.3.2 Scenario 2: Message lost

In this scenario a first FullCAN Message is stored and read out by Software (1st Object
write and read). In a second course a second message is stored (2nd Object write) but not
read out before a third message gets stored (3rd Object write). Since the FullCAN Interrupt
of that Object (IntPndx) is already asserted, the Message Lost Signal gets asserted.

semaphore
bits

01

11

00

01

11

11

IntPndx
look-up
table
access

write
write write write
ID,
D1
D2 SEM
SEM

read clear
SEM SEM

write
read read read ID, write write write
D1
D2 SEM SEM D1
D2 SEM

1st Object
write

2nd Object
write

write
write write write
ID,
D1
D2 SEM
SEM
3rd Object
write

1st Object
read

MsgLostx

message
handler
access

ARM
processor
access

Fig 90. Message lost

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20.16.3.3 Scenario 3: Message gets overwritten indicated by Semaphore bits

This scenario is a special case in which the lost message is indicated by the existing
semaphore bits. The scenario is entered, if during a Software read of a message object
another new message gets stored by the message handler. In this case, the FullCAN
Interrupt bit gets set for a second time with the 2nd Object write.

01

semaphore
bits

11

00

01

11

00

IntPndx
look-up
table
access

write
write write
ID,
D1
D2
SEM

write
SEM

1st Object
write

read clear
SEM SEM

write
ID, write write write
D2 SEM
SEM D1

read read read

D1
D2 SEM

clear
SEM

read read read

D1
D2 SEM

2nd Object
write
2nd Object
read

1st Object read

Interrupt Service
Routine

MsgLostx

message
handler
access

ARM
processor
access

Fig 91. Message gets overwritten

20.16.3.4 Scenario 3.1: Message gets overwritten indicated by Semaphore bits and
Message Lost
This scenario is a sub-case to Scenario 3 in which the lost message is indicated by the
existing semaphore bits and by Message Lost.

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semaphore
bits

01

11

00

01

11

00

IntPndx
write
write write write
ID,
D1
D2 SEM
SEM

look-up
table
access

1st Object
write

read clear
SEM SEM

write
write write write
ID,
D1
D2 SEM
SEM

read read read

D1 D2 SEM

clear
SEM

read read read

D1 D2 SEM

2nd Object
write
2nd Object
read

1st Object read

Interrupt Service
Routine

MsgLostx

message
handler
access

ARM
processor
access

Fig 92. Message overwritten indicated by semaphore bits and message lost

20.16.3.5 Scenario 3.2: Message gets overwritten indicated by Message Lost

This scenario is a sub-case to Scenario 3 in which the lost message is indicated by
Message Lost.

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semaphore
bits

01

11

01

11

00

01

11

IntPndx

write
write write write read
ID,
D1
D2 SEM SEM
SEM

look-up
table
access

1st Object
write

write
write write write
ID,
D1
D2 SEM
SEM

clear
SEM

read read read

D1 D2 SEM

2nd Object
write

write
write write write
ID,
D1
D2 SEM
SEM
3rd Object
write

1st Object
read
Interrupt Service
Routine

MsgLostx

message
handler
access

ARM
processor
access

Fig 93. Message overwritten indicated by message lost

20.16.3.6 Scenario 4: Clearing Message Lost bit

This scenario is a special case in which the lost message bit of an object gets set during
an overwrite of a none read message object (2nd Object write). The subsequent read out
of that object by Software (1st Object read) clears the pending Interrupt. The 3rd Object
write clears the Message Lost bit. Every write ID, SEM clears Message Lost bit if no
pending Interrupt of that object is set.

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semaphore
bits

01

11

01

11

11

00

IntPndx
write
write write write
ID,
D1
D2 SEM
SEM

look-up
table
access

1st Object
write

write
write write write
ID,
D1
D2 SEM
SEM

read clear
SEM SEM

read read read

D1
D2 SEM

write
write write write
ID,
D1
D2 SEM
SEM

2nd Object
write

3rd Object
write
1st Object
read

MsgLostx

message
handler
access

ARM
processor
access

Fig 94. Clearing message lost

20.17 Examples of acceptance filter tables and ID index values

20.17.1 Example 1: only one section is used
SFF_sa
SFF_GRP_sa
EFF_sa
EFF_GRP_sa

<
<
<
<

ENDofTable
ENDofTable
ENDofTable
ENDofTable

OR
OR
OR

The start address of a section is lower than the end address of all programmed CAN
identifiers.

20.17.2 Example 2: all sections are used

SFF_sa
SFF_GRP_sa
EFF_sa
EFF_GRP_sa

<
<
<
<

SFF_GRP_sa
EFF_sa
EFF_GRP_sa
ENDofTable

AND
AND
AND

In cases of a section not being used, the start address has to be set onto the value of the
next section start address.

20.17.3 Example 3: more than one but not all sections are used
If the SFF group is not used, the start address of the SFF Group Section (SFF_GRP_sa
register) has to be set to the same value of the next section start address, in this case the
start address of the Explicit SFF Section (SFF_sa register).

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In cases where explicit identifiers as well as groups of the identifiers are programmed, a
CAN identifier search has to start in the explicit identifier section first. If no match is found,
it continues the search in the group of identifier section. By this order it can be guaranteed
that in case where an explicit identifier match is found, the succeeding software can
directly proceed on this certain message whereas in case of a group of identifier match
the succeeding software needs more steps to identify the message.

20.17.4 Configuration example 4

Suppose that the five Acceptance Filter address registers contain the values shown in the
third column below. In this case each table contains the decimal number of words and
entries shown in the next two columns, and the ID Index field of the CANRFS register can
return the decimal values shown in the column ID Indexes for CAN messages whose
Identifiers match the entries in that table.
Table 478. Example of Acceptance Filter Tables and ID index Values
Table

Register

Value

# Words

# Entire

ID Indexes

Standard Individual

SFF_sa

0x040

810

1610

0-1510

Standard Group

SFF_GRP_sa

0x060

410

410

16-1910

Extended Individual

EFF_sa

0x070

810

1610

20-5510

Extended Group

EFF_GRP_sa

0x100

810

1610

56-5710

ENDofTable

0x110

20.17.5 Configuration example 5

Figure 95 below is a more detailed and graphic example of the address registers, table
layout, and ID Index values. It shows:

A Standard Individual table starting at the start of Acceptance Filter RAM and
containing 26 Identifiers, followed by:

A Standard Group table containing 12 ranges of Identifiers, followed by:

An Extended Individual table containing 3 Identifiers, followed by:
An Extended Group table containing 2 ranges of Identifiers.

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000 d := 000 h := 0 0000 0000 b

look-up table RAM

APB base +
address

column_lower

00d = 00h

04d = 04h

44d = 2Ch

22

23

48d = 30h

24

25

column_upper

2 6

52d = 34h

ID index #

0
1
2
3

22
23
24
25

explicit SFF table

SFF_sa

26 d

84d = 54h

lower_boundary 3 4 upper_boundary 34 d

88d = 58h

lower_boundary 3 5 upper_boundary 35 d

92d = 5Ch

lower_boundary 3 6 upper_boundary 36 d

100d = 64h

38

38 d

104d = 68h

39

39 d

EFF_GRP_sa 112 d := 070 h := 0 0111 0000 b

112d = 70h

lower_boundary

116d = 74h

upper_boundary

120d = 78h

lower_boundary

124d = 7Ch

upper_boundary

ENDofTable

41

41 d

42

42 d

explicit EFF table

100 d := 064 h := 0 0110 0100 b

group EFF table

EFF_sa

group SFF table

SFF_GRP_sa 52 d := 034 h := 0 0011 0100 b

128 d := 080 h := 0 1000 0000 b

Fig 95. Detailed example of acceptance filter tables and ID index values

20.17.6 Configuration example 6

The Table below shows which sections and therefore which types of CAN identifiers are
used and activated. The ID-Look-up Table configuration of this example is shown in
Figure 96.

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Table 479. Used ID-Look-up Table sections

ID-Look-up Table Section

Status

FullCAN

not activated

Explicit Standard Frame Format

activated

Group of Standard Frame Format

activated

Explicit Extended Frame Format

activated

Group of Extended Frame Format

activated

Explicit standard frame format identifier section (11-bit CAN ID):

The start address of the Explicit Standard Frame Format section is defined in the SFF_sa
register with the value of 0x00. The end of this section is defined in the SFF_GRP_sa
register. In the Explicit Standard Frame Format section of the ID Look-up Table two CAN
Identifiers with their Source CAN Channels (SCC) share one 32-bit word. Not used or
disabled CAN Identifiers can be marked by setting the message disable bit.
Group of standard frame format identifier section (11-bit CAN ID):

The start address of the Group of Standard Frame Format section is defined with the
SFF_GRP_sa register with the value of 0x10. The end of this section is defined with the
EFF_sa register. In the Group of Standard Frame Format section two CAN Identifiers with
the same Source CAN Channel (SCC) share one 32-bit word and represent a range of
CAN Identifiers to be accepted. Bit 31 down to 16 represents the lower boundary and bit
15 down to 0 represents the upper boundary of the range of CAN Identifiers. All Identifiers
within this range (including the boundary identifiers) will be accepted. A whole group can
be disabled and not used by the acceptance filter by setting the message disable bit in the
upper and lower boundary identifier. To provide memory space for four Groups of
Standard Frame Format identifiers, the EFF_sa register value is set to 0x20. The identifier
group with the Index 9 of this section is not used and therefore disabled.
Explicit extended frame format identifier section (29-bit CAN ID, Figure 96)

The start address of the Explicit Extended Frame Format section is defined with the
EFF_sa register with the value of 0x20. The end of this section is defined with the
EFF_GRP_sa register. In the explicit Extended Frame Format section only one CAN
Identifier with its Source CAN Channel (SCC) is programmed per address line. To provide
memory space for four Explicit Extended Frame Format identifiers, the EFF_GRP_sa
register value is set to 0x30.
Group of extended frame format identifier section (29-bit CAN ID, Figure 96)

The start address of the Group of Extended Frame Format is defined with the
EFF_GRP_sa register with the value of 0x30. The end of this section is defined with the
End of Table address register (ENDofTable). In the Group of Extended Frame Format
section the boundaries are programmed with a pair of address lines; the first is the lower
boundary, the second the upper boundary. To provide memory space for two Groups of
Extended Frame Format Identifiers, the ENDofTable register value is set to 0x40.

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Message
disable bit

Message
disable bit
Index

SFF_sa
= 0x00

SFF_GRP_sa
= 0x10

EFF_sa
= 0x20

EFF_GRP_sa
= 0x30

Explicit
Standard
Frame
... Format
Identifier
Section

Group of
Standard
Frame
...Format
Identifier
Section

SCC 0

MSB
ID28

LSB
ID18

SCC

MSB
ID28

LSB
ID18

SCC 0

MSB
ID28

LSB
ID18

SCC

MSB
ID28

LSB
ID18

SCC 0

MSB
ID28

LSB
ID18

SCC

MSB
ID28

LSB
ID18

SCC 0

MSB
ID28

LSB
ID18

SCC

MSB
ID28

SCC 0

MSB
ID28

LSB
ID18

SCC

MSB
ID28

SCC 1

MSB
ID28

SCC 1
SCC 0
SCC

Explicit
Extended
Frame
Format
Identifier
Section

Disabled, 9

LSB
ID18

SCC

MSB
ID28

MSB
ID28

10

LSB
ID18

SCC

MSB
ID28

MSB
ID28

11

LSB
ID18

SCC

MSB
ID28

MSB
ID28
MSB

SCC ID28
MSB

SCC ID28
MSB

SCC ID28
MSB

Group of
Extended
Frame
Format
Identifier
Section

SCC ID28

MSB

SCC ID28

MSB

SCC ID28

MSB

SCC ID28

Disabled, 7
8

LSB
ID18
LSB
ID18

Group 8

LSB
ID18

Disabled
Group 9

10

LSB
ID18

Group 10

11

LSB
ID18

Group 11

Disabled, 9

12

LSB
ID0

13

LSB
ID0

14

LSB
ID0

15

LSB
ID0

16

LSB
ID0

16

LSB
ID0

17

LSB
ID0

17

LSB
ID0

Group 16

Group 17

ENDofTable
= 0x40

Fig 96. ID Look-up table configuration example (no FullCAN)

20.17.7 Configuration example 7

The Table below shows which sections and therefore which types of CAN identifiers are
used and activated. The ID-Look-up Table configuration of this example is shown in
Figure 97.
This example uses a typical configuration in which FullCAN as well as Explicit Standard
Frame Format messages are defined. As described in Section 20.15.1 Acceptance filter
search algorithm, acceptance filtering takes place in a certain order. With the enabled
FullCAN section, the identifier screening process of the acceptance filter starts always in
the FullCAN section first, before it continues with the rest of enabled sections.e disabled.
Table 480. Used ID-Look-up Table sections

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ID-Look-up Table Section

Status

FullCAN

activated and enabled

Explicit Standard Frame Format

activated

Group of Standard Frame Format

not activated

Explicit Extended Frame Format

not activated

Group of Extended Frame Format

not activated

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FullCAN explicit standard frame format identifier section (11-bit CAN ID)

The start address of the FullCAN Explicit Standard Frame Format Identifier section is
(automatically) set to 0x00. The end of this section is defined in the SFF_sa register. In the
FullCAN ID section only identifiers of FullCAN Object are stored for acceptance filtering.
In this section two CAN Identifiers with their Source CAN Channels (SCC) share one
32-bit word. Not used or disabled CAN Identifiers can be marked by setting the message
disable bit. The FullCAN Object data for each defined identifier can be found in the
FullCAN Message Object section. In case of an identifier match during the acceptance
filter process, the received FullCAN message object data is moved from the Receive
Buffer of the appropriate CAN Controller into the FullCAN Message Object section. To
provide memory space for eight FullCAN, Explicit Standard Frame Format identifiers, the
SFF_sa register value is set to 0x10. The identifier with the Index 1 of this section is not
used and therefore disabled.
Explicit standard frame format identifier section (11-bit CAN ID)

The start address of the Explicit Standard Frame Format section is defined in the SFF_sa
register with the value of 0x10. The end of this section is defined in the End of Table
address register (ENDofTable). In the explicit Standard Frame Format section of the ID
Look-up Table two CAN Identifiers with their Source CAN Channel (SCC) share one 32-bit
word. Not used or disabled CAN Identifiers can be marked by setting the message disable
bit. To provide memory space for eight Explicit Standard Frame Format identifiers, the
ENDofTable register value is set to 0x20.
FullCAN message object data section

The start address of the FullCAN Message Object Data section is defined with the
ENDofTable register. The number of enabled FullCAN identifiers is limited to the available
memory space in the FullCAN Message Object Data section. Each defined FullCAN
Message needs three address lines for the Message Data in the FullCAN Message Object
Data section. The FullCAN Message Object section is organized in that way, that each
Index number of the FullCAN Identifier section corresponds to a Message Object Number
in the FullCAN Message Object section.

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FullCAN
Interrupt
Enable bit

Message
Disable bit

FullCAN
Explicit
Standard
Frame
... Format
Identifier
Section
SFF_sa
= 0x10

Explicit
Standard
Frame
...Format
Identifier
Section

ENDofTable =
SFF_GRP_sa =
EFF_sa =
EFF_GRP_sa =
0x20

SCC

MSB
ID28
MSB
0 1
ID28

SCC

0 1

SCC

0 1

SCC

0 0

SCC

0 0

SCC

0 0

SCC

SCC

0 0

0 0

MSB
ID28
MSB
ID28
MSB
ID28
MSB
ID28
MSB
ID28
MSB
ID28

FullCAN
Interrupt
Enable bit

Message
Disable bit
Index

LSB
ID18
LSB
ID18

LSB
ID18

SCC

0 0

LSB
ID18

SCC

0 0

SCC

0 0

SCC

0 0

SCC

0 0

SCC

0 0

12

LSB
ID18
LSB
ID18
LSB
ID18

14

LSB
ID18

8
10

SCC

1 1 MSB

SCC

0 0

ID28
MSB
ID28
MSB
ID28
MSB
ID28
MSB
ID28
MSB
ID28
MSB
ID28
MSB
ID28

LSB
ID18
LSB
ID18

LSB
ID18

LSB
ID18

Disabled, 1

13

LSB
ID18
LSB
ID18
LSB
ID18

15

LSB
ID18

9
11

FF RTR SEM DLC CAN-ID

FullCAN
Message
Object
section
Section

RXDATA 4, 3, 2, 1

Message Object
Data 0

RXDATA 8, 7, 6, 5
No Message Data, disabled.
No Message Data, disabled.

Message Object
Data 1

No Message Data, disabled.

FF RTR SEM DLC CAN-ID
RXDATA 4, 3, 2, 1

Message Object
Data 2

RXDATA 8, 7, 6, 5

Fig 97. ID Look-up table configuration example (FullCAN activated and enabled)

20.17.8 Look-up table programming guidelines

All identifier sections of the ID Look-up Table have to be programmed in such a way, that
each active section is organized as a sorted list or table with an increasing order of the
Source CAN Channel (SCC) together with CAN Identifier in each section.
SCC value equals CAN_controller - 1, i.e., SCC = 0 matches CAN1 and SCC = 1
matches CAN2.
In cases, where a syntax error in the ID Look-up Table is encountered, the Look-up Table
address of the incorrect line is made available in the Look-up Table Error Address
Register (LUTerrAd).
The reporting process in the Look-up Table Error Address Register (LUTerrAd) is a
run-time process. Only those address lines with syntax error are reported, which were
passed through the acceptance filtering process.
The following general rules for programming the Look-up Table apply:
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Each section has to be organized as a sorted list or table with an increasing order of
the Source CAN Channel (SCC) in conjunction with the CAN Identifier (there is no
exception for disabled identifiers).

The upper and lower bound in a Group of Identifiers definition has to be from the
same Source CAN Channel.

To disable a Group of Identifiers the message disable bit has to be set for both, the
upper and lower bound.

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21.1 Basic configuration

The three SSP interfaces, SSP0, SSP1, and SSP2 are configured using the following
registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCSSP0 to enable SSP0 and bit
PCSSP1 to enable SSP1.
Remark: On reset, SSP interfaces 0 and 1 are enabled (PCSSP0/1 = 1), while SSP2
is disabled (PCSSP2 = 0).

2. Peripheral clock: The SSPs operate from the common PCLK that clocks both the bus
interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4. In master
mode, the clock must be scaled down (see Section 21.6.5).
3. Pins: Select the SSP pins and pin modes through the relevant IOCON registers
(Section 8.4.1).
4. Interrupts: Interrupts are enabled in the SSP0IMSC register for SSP0 and SSP1IMSC
register for SSP1 Table 488. Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate
Interrupt Set Enable register, see Table 43.
5. Initialization: There are two control registers for each of the SSP ports to be
configured: SSP0CR0 and SSP0CR1 for SSP0, SSP1CR0 and SSP1CR1 for SSP1,
SSP2CR0 and SSP2CR1 for SSP2. See Section 21.6.1 and Section 21.6.2.
6. DMA: The Rx and Tx FIFOs of the SSP interfaces can be connected to the GPDMA
controller (see Section 21.6.10). For GPDMA system connections, see Table 664.

21.2 Features
Compatible with Motorola SPI, 4-wire TI SSI, and National Semiconductor Microwire
buses.

Synchronous Serial Communication.

Master or slave operation.
8 frame FIFOs for both transmit and receive.
4 to 16 bit data frame.
DMA transfers supported by GPDMA.

21.3 Description
The SSP is a Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) controller capable of operation on a SPI,
4-wire SSI, or Microwire bus. It can interact with multiple masters and slaves on the bus.
Only a single master and a single slave can communicate on the bus during a given data
transfer. Data transfers are in principle full duplex, with frames of 4 to 16 bits of data
flowing from the master to the slave and from the slave to the master. In practice it is often
the case that only one of these data flows carries meaningful data.

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Chapter 21: LPC178x/7x SSP interfaces

The LPC178x/177x has three Synchronous Serial Port controllers -- SSP0, SSP1, and
SSP2.

21.4 Pin descriptions

Table 481. SSP pin descriptions
Pin Name

Interface pin
Type name/function
Pin Description
SPI
SSI
Microwire

SCK0/1/2

I/O

SSEL0/1/2 I/O

SCK

CLK

SSEL FS

SK

Serial Clock. SCK/CLK/SK is a clock signal used to synchronize the

transfer of data. It is driven by the master and received by the slave. When
the SPI interface is used, the clock is programmable to be active-high or
active-low, otherwise it is always active-high. SCK only switches during a
data transfer. Any other time, the SSPn interface either holds it in its
inactive state, or does not drive it (leaves it in high-impedance state).

CS

Frame Sync/Slave Select. When the SSPn interface is a bus master, it

drives this signal to an active state before the start of serial data, and then
releases it to an inactive state after the serial data has been sent. The
active state of this signal can be high or low depending upon the selected
bus and mode. When the SSPn is a bus slave, this signal qualifies the
presence of data from the Master, according to the protocol in use.

When there is just one bus master and one bus slave, the Frame Sync or
Slave Select signal from the Master can be connected directly to the slave's
corresponding input. When there is more than one slave on the bus, further
qualification of their Frame Select/Slave Select inputs will typically be
necessary to prevent more than one slave from responding to a transfer.
MISO0/1/2 I/O

MISO DR(M) SI(M)

DX(S) SO(S)

Master In Slave Out. The MISO signal transfers serial data from the slave
to the master. When the SSPn is a slave, serial data is output on this signal.
When the SSPn is a master, it clocks in serial data from this signal. When
the SSPn is a slave and is not selected by FS/SSEL, it does not drive this
signal (leaves it in high-impedance state).

MOSI0/1/2 I/O

MOSI DX(M) SO(M)

DR(S) SI(S)

Master Out Slave In. The MOSI signal transfers serial data from the
master to the slave. When the SSPn is a master, it outputs serial data on
this signal. When the SSPn is a slave, it clocks in serial data from this
signal.

21.5 Bus description

21.5.1 Texas Instruments synchronous serial frame format
Figure 98 shows the 4-wire Texas Instruments synchronous serial frame format supported
by the SSP module.

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CLK
FS
DX/DR

MSB

LSB
4 to 16 bits

a. Single frame transfer

CLK
FS
DX/DR

MSB

LSB

MSB

4 to 16 bits

LSB
4 to 16 bits

b. Continuous/back-to-back frames transfer

Fig 98. Texas Instruments Synchronous Serial Frame Format: a) Single and b) Continuous/back-to-back Two
Frames Transfer

For device configured as a master in this mode, CLK and FS are forced LOW, and the
transmit data line DX is tri-stated whenever the SSP is idle. Once the bottom entry of the
transmit FIFO contains data, FS is pulsed HIGH for one CLK period. The value to be
transmitted is also transferred from the transmit FIFO to the serial shift register of the
transmit logic. On the next rising edge of CLK, the MSB of the 4-bit to 16-bit data frame is
shifted out on the DX pin. Likewise, the MSB of the received data is shifted onto the DR
pin by the off-chip serial slave device.
Both the SSP and the off-chip serial slave device then clock each data bit into their serial
shifter on the falling edge of each CLK. The received data is transferred from the serial
shifter to the receive FIFO on the first rising edge of CLK after the LSB has been latched.

21.5.2 SPI frame format

The SPI interface is a four-wire interface where the SSEL signal behaves as a slave
select. The main feature of the SPI format is that the inactive state and phase of the SCK
signal are programmable through the CPOL and CPHA bits within the SSPCR0 control
register.

21.5.2.1 Clock Polarity (CPOL) and Phase (CPHA) control

When the CPOL clock polarity control bit is 0, it produces a steady state low value on the
SCK pin. If the CPOL clock polarity control bit is 1, a steady state high value is placed on
the CLK pin when data is not being transferred.

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The CPHA control bit selects the clock edge that captures data and allows it to change
state. It has the most impact on the first bit transmitted by either allowing or not allowing a
clock transition before the first data capture edge. When the CPHA phase control bit is 0,
data is captured on the first clock edge transition. If the CPHA clock phase control bit is 1,
data is captured on the second clock edge transition.

21.5.2.2 SPI format with CPOL=0,CPHA=0

Single and continuous transmission signal sequences for SPI format with CPOL = 0,
CPHA = 0 are shown in Figure 99.

SCK
SSEL

MSB

MOSI
MISO

LSB

MSB

LSB

4 to 16 bits

a. Single transfer with CPOL=0 and CPHA=0

SCK
SSEL

MOSI
MISO

MSB

LSB

MSB

LSB

MSB
Q

LSB

MSB

LSB

4 to 16 bits

4 to 16 bits

b. Continuous transfer with CPOL=0 and CPHA=0

Fig 99. SPI frame format with CPOL=0 and CPHA=0 (a) Single and b) Continuous Transfer)

In this configuration, during idle periods:

The CLK signal is forced LOW.

SSEL is forced HIGH.
The transmit MOSI/MISO pad is in high impedance.
If the SSP is enabled and there is valid data within the transmit FIFO, the start of
transmission is signified by the SSEL master signal being driven LOW. This causes slave
data to be enabled onto the MISO input line of the master. Masters MOSI is enabled.
One half SCK period later, valid master data is transferred to the MOSI pin. Now that both
the master and slave data have been set, the SCK master clock pin goes HIGH after one
further half SCK period.
The data is now captured on the rising and propagated on the falling edges of the SCK
signal.
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In the case of a single word transmission, after all bits of the data word have been
transferred, the SSEL line is returned to its idle HIGH state one SCK period after the last
bit has been captured.
However, in the case of continuous back-to-back transmissions, the SSEL signal must be
pulsed HIGH between each data word transfer. This is because the slave select pin
freezes the data in its serial peripheral register and does not allow it to be altered if the
CPHA bit is logic zero. Therefore the master device must raise the SSEL pin of the slave
device between each data transfer to enable the serial peripheral data write. On
completion of the continuous transfer, the SSEL pin is returned to its idle state one SCK
period after the last bit has been captured.

21.5.2.3 SPI format with CPOL=0,CPHA=1

The transfer signal sequence for SPI format with CPOL = 0, CPHA = 1 is shown in
Figure 100, which covers both single and continuous transfers.

SCK
SSEL

MOSI
MISO

MSB

LSB

MSB

LSB

4 to 16 bits

Fig 100. SPI frame format with CPOL=0 and CPHA=1

In this configuration, during idle periods:

The CLK signal is forced LOW.

SSEL is forced HIGH.
The transmit MOSI/MISO pad is in high impedance.
If the SSP is enabled and there is valid data within the transmit FIFO, the start of
transmission is signified by the SSEL master signal being driven LOW. Masters MOSI pin
is enabled. After a further one half SCK period, both master and slave valid data is
enabled onto their respective transmission lines. At the same time, the SCK is enabled
with a rising edge transition.
Data is then captured on the falling edges and propagated on the rising edges of the SCK
signal.
In the case of a single word transfer, after all bits have been transferred, the SSEL line is
returned to its idle HIGH state one SCK period after the last bit has been captured.
For continuous back-to-back transfers, the SSEL pin is held LOW between successive
data words and termination is the same as that of the single word transfer.

21.5.2.4 SPI format with CPOL = 1,CPHA = 0

Single and continuous transmission signal sequences for SPI format with CPOL=1,
CPHA=0 are shown in Figure 101.
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SCK
SSEL

MSB

MOSI
MISO

LSB

MSB

LSB

4 to 16 bits

a. Single transfer with CPOL=1 and CPHA=0

SCK
SSEL

MOSI
MISO

MSB

LSB

MSB

LSB

MSB
Q

LSB

MSB

LSB

4 to 16 bits

4 to 16 bits

b. Continuous transfer with CPOL=1 and CPHA=0

Fig 101. SPI frame format with CPOL = 1 and CPHA = 0 (a) Single and b) Continuous Transfer)

In this configuration, during idle periods:

The CLK signal is forced HIGH.

SSEL is forced HIGH.
The transmit MOSI/MISO pad is in high impedance.
If the SSP is enabled and there is valid data within the transmit FIFO, the start of
transmission is signified by the SSEL master signal being driven LOW, which causes
slave data to be immediately transferred onto the MISO line of the master. Masters MOSI
pin is enabled.
One half period later, valid master data is transferred to the MOSI line. Now that both the
master and slave data have been set, the SCK master clock pin becomes LOW after one
further half SCK period. This means that data is captured on the falling edges and be
propagated on the rising edges of the SCK signal.
In the case of a single word transmission, after all bits of the data word are transferred, the
SSEL line is returned to its idle HIGH state one SCK period after the last bit has been
captured.
However, in the case of continuous back-to-back transmissions, the SSEL signal must be
pulsed HIGH between each data word transfer. This is because the slave select pin
freezes the data in its serial peripheral register and does not allow it to be altered if the
CPHA bit is logic zero. Therefore the master device must raise the SSEL pin of the slave
device between each data transfer to enable the serial peripheral data write. On
completion of the continuous transfer, the SSEL pin is returned to its idle state one SCK
period after the last bit has been captured.
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21.5.2.5 SPI format with CPOL = 1,CPHA = 1

The transfer signal sequence for SPI format with CPOL = 1, CPHA = 1 is shown in
Figure 102, which covers both single and continuous transfers.

SCK
SSEL

MOSI
MISO

MSB

LSB

MSB

LSB

4 to 16 bits

Fig 102. SPI Frame Format with CPOL = 1 and CPHA = 1

In this configuration, during idle periods:

The CLK signal is forced HIGH.

SSEL is forced HIGH.
The transmit MOSI/MISO pad is in high impedance.
If the SSP is enabled and there is valid data within the transmit FIFO, the start of
transmission is signified by the SSEL master signal being driven LOW. Masters MOSI is
enabled. After a further one half SCK period, both master and slave data are enabled onto
their respective transmission lines. At the same time, the SCK is enabled with a falling
edge transition. Data is then captured on the rising edges and propagated on the falling
edges of the SCK signal.
After all bits have been transferred, in the case of a single word transmission, the SSEL
line is returned to its idle HIGH state one SCK period after the last bit has been captured.
For continuous back-to-back transmissions, the SSEL pins remains in its active LOW
state, until the final bit of the last word has been captured, and then returns to its idle state
as described above. In general, for continuous back-to-back transfers the SSEL pin is
held LOW between successive data words and termination is the same as that of the
single word transfer.

21.5.3 National Semiconductor Microwire frame format

Figure 103 shows the Microwire frame format for a single frame. Figure 104 shows the
same format when back-to-back frames are transmitted.

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SK
CS

SO
SI

MSB

LSB

8-bit control
0 MSB

LSB

4 to 16 bits
output data

Fig 103. Microwire frame format (single transfer)

Microwire format is very similar to SPI format, except that transmission is half-duplex
instead of full-duplex, using a master-slave message passing technique. Each serial
transmission begins with an 8-bit control word that is transmitted from the SSP to the
off-chip slave device. During this transmission, no incoming data is received by the SSP.
After the message has been sent, the off-chip slave decodes it and, after waiting one
serial clock after the last bit of the 8-bit control message has been sent, responds with the
required data. The returned data is 4 to 16 bits in length, making the total frame length
anywhere from 13 to 25 bits.
In this configuration, during idle periods:

The SK signal is forced LOW.

CS is forced HIGH.
The transmit data line SO is arbitrarily forced LOW.
A transmission is triggered by writing a control byte to the transmit FIFO.The falling edge
of CS causes the value contained in the bottom entry of the transmit FIFO to be
transferred to the serial shift register of the transmit logic, and the MSB of the 8-bit control
frame to be shifted out onto the SO pin. CS remains LOW for the duration of the frame
transmission. The SI pin remains tri-stated during this transmission.
The off-chip serial slave device latches each control bit into its serial shifter on the rising
edge of each SK. After the last bit is latched by the slave device, the control byte is
decoded during a one clock wait-state, and the slave responds by transmitting data back
to the SSP. Each bit is driven onto SI line on the falling edge of SK. The SSP in turn
latches each bit on the rising edge of SK. At the end of the frame, for single transfers, the
CS signal is pulled HIGH one clock period after the last bit has been latched in the receive
serial shifter, that causes the data to be transferred to the receive FIFO.
Note: The off-chip slave device can tri-state the receive line either on the falling edge of
SK after the LSB has been latched by the receive shiftier, or when the CS pin goes HIGH.

For continuous transfers, data transmission begins and ends in the same manner as a
single transfer. However, the CS line is continuously asserted (held LOW) and
transmission of data occurs back to back. The control byte of the next frame follows
directly after the LSB of the received data from the current frame. Each of the received
values is transferred from the receive shifter on the falling edge SK, after the LSB of the
frame has been latched into the SSP.

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SK
CS
SO

LSB

MSB

LSB

8-bit control
SI

0 MSB

LSB

MSB

4 to 16 bits
output data

LSB

4 to 16 bits
output data

Fig 104. Microwire frame format (continuos transfers)

21.5.3.1 Setup and hold time requirements on CS with respect to SK in Microwire

mode
In the Microwire mode, the SSP slave samples the first bit of receive data on the rising
edge of SK after CS has gone LOW. Masters that drive a free-running SK must ensure
that the CS signal has sufficient setup and hold margins with respect to the rising edge of
SK.
Figure 105 illustrates these setup and hold time requirements. With respect to the SK
rising edge on which the first bit of receive data is to be sampled by the SSP slave, CS
must have a setup of at least two times the period of SK on which the SSP operates. With
respect to the SK rising edge previous to this edge, CS must have a hold of at least one
SK period.

t HOLD= tSK

tSETUP=2*tSK

SK
CS

SI

Fig 105. Microwire frame format setup and hold details

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21.6 Register description

The register addresses of the SSP controllers addresses are shown in Table 482.
Table 482. SSP Register Map
Generic Description
Name

Access

Reset
Value[1]

SSPn Register
Name & Address

Table

CR0

Control Register 0. Selects the serial clock rate, bus

type, and data size.

R/W

SSP0CR0 - 0x4008 8000

SSP1CR0 - 0x4003 0000
SSP2CR0 - 0x400A C000

483

CR1

Control Register 1. Selects master/slave and other

modes.

R/W

SSP0CR1 - 0x4008 8004

SSP1CR1 - 0x4003 0004
SSP2CR1 - 0x400A 4004

484

DR

Data Register. Writes fill the transmit FIFO, and reads

empty the receive FIFO.

R/W

SSP0DR - 0x4008 8008

SSP1DR - 0x4003 0008
SSP2DR - 0x400A C008

485

SR

Status Register

RO

SSP0SR - 0x4008 800C

SSP1SR - 0x4003 000C
SSP2SR - 0x400A C00C

486

CPSR

Clock Prescale Register

R/W

SSP0CPSR - 0x4008 8010

SSP1CPSR - 0x4003 0010
SSP2CPSR - 0x400A C010

487

IMSC

Interrupt Mask Set and Clear Register

R/W

SSP0IMSC - 0x4008 8014

SSP1IMSC - 0x4003 0014
SSP2IMSC - 0x400A C014

488

RIS

Raw Interrupt Status Register

R/W

SSP0RIS - 0x4008 8018

SSP1RIS - 0x4003 0018
SSP2RIS - 0x400A C018

489

MIS

Masked Interrupt Status Register

R/W

SSP0MIS - 0x4008 801C

SSP1MIS - 0x4003 001C
SSP2MIS - 0x400A C01C

490

ICR

SSPICR Interrupt Clear Register

R/W

NA

SSP0ICR - 0x4008 8020

SSP1ICR - 0x4003 0020
SSP2ICR - 0x400A C020

491

R/W

SSP0DMACR - 0x4008 8024

SSP1DMACR - 0x4003 0024
SSP2DMACR - 0x400A C024

492

DMACR DMA Control Register

[1]

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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21.6.1 SSPn Control Register 0 (SSP0CR0 - 0x4008 8000, SSP1CR0 0x4003 0000, SSP2CR0 - 0x400A C000)
This register controls the basic operation of the SSP controller.
Table 483: SSPn Control Register 0 (SSP0CR0 - address 0x4008 8000, SSP1CR0 - 0x4003 0000, SSP2CR0 0x400A C000) bit description
Bit

Symbol Value Description

Reset Value

3:0

DSS

0000

5:4

Data Size Select. This field controls the number of bits transferred in each frame.
Values 0000-0010 are not supported and should not be used.
0011

4-bit transfer

0100

5-bit transfer

0101

6-bit transfer

0110

7-bit transfer

0111

8-bit transfer

1000

9-bit transfer

1001

10-bit transfer

1010

11-bit transfer

1011

12-bit transfer

1100

13-bit transfer

1101

14-bit transfer

1110

15-bit transfer

1111

16-bit transfer

00

SPI

01

TI

10

Microwire

11

This combination is not supported and should not be used.

FRF

Frame Format.

CPOL

00

Clock Out Polarity. This bit is only used in SPI mode.

0

SSP controller maintains the bus clock low between frames.

SSP controller maintains the bus clock high between frames.

CPHA

Clock Out Phase. This bit is only used in SPI mode.

SSP controller captures serial data on the first clock transition of the frame, that is,
the transition away from the inter-frame state of the clock line.

SSP controller captures serial data on the second clock transition of the frame, that
is, the transition back to the inter-frame state of the clock line.

15:8

SCR

Serial Clock Rate. The number of prescaler-output clocks per bit on the bus, minus 0
one. Given that CPSDVSR is the prescale divider, and the APB clock PCLK clocks
the prescaler, the bit frequency is PCLK / (CPSDVSR [SCR+1]).

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

21.6.2 SSPn Control Register 1 (SSP0CR1 - 0x4008 8004, SSP1CR1 0x4003 0004, SSP2CR1 - 0x400A C004)
This register controls certain aspects of the operation of the SSP controller.

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Table 484: SSPn Control Register 1 (SSP0CR1 - address 0x4008 8004, SSP1CR1 - 0x4003 0004, SSP2CR1 0x400A C004) bit description
Bit

Symbol Value Description

Reset Value

LBM

Loop Back Mode.

0

During normal operation.

Serial input is taken from the serial output (MOSI or MISO) rather than the serial
input pin (MISO or MOSI respectively).

SSE

SSP Enable.

The SSP controller is disabled.

The SSP controller will interact with other devices on the serial bus. Software
should write the appropriate control information to the other SSP registers and
interrupt controller registers, before setting this bit.

MS

Master/Slave Mode.This bit can only be written when the SSE bit is 0.

The SSP controller acts as a master on the bus, driving the SCLK, MOSI, and SSEL
lines and receiving the MISO line.

The SSP controller acts as a slave on the bus, driving MISO line and receiving
SCLK, MOSI, and SSEL lines.

SOD

Slave Output Disable. This bit is relevant only in slave mode (MS = 1). If it is 1, this 0
blocks this SSP controller from driving the transmit data line (MISO).

31:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

21.6.3 SSPn Data Register (SSP0DR - 0x4008 8008, SSP1DR - 0x4003 0008,
SSP2DR - 0x400A C008)
Software can write data to be transmitted to this register, and read data that has been
received.
Table 485: SSPn Data Register (SSP0DR - address 0x4008 8008, SSP1DR - 0x4003 0008, SSP2DR - 0x400A C008) bit
description
Bit

Symbol Description

15:0

DATA

Reset Value

Write: software can write data to be sent in a future frame to this register whenever the TNF 0
bit in the Status register is 1, indicating that the Tx FIFO is not full. If the Tx FIFO was
previously empty and the SSP controller is not busy on the bus, transmission of the data will
begin immediately. Otherwise the data written to this register will be sent as soon as all
previous data has been sent (and received). If the data length is less than 16 bits, software
must right-justify the data written to this register.
Read: software can read data from this register whenever the RNE bit in the Status register
is 1, indicating that the Rx FIFO is not empty. When software reads this register, the SSP
controller returns data from the least recent frame in the Rx FIFO. If the data length is less
than 16 bits, the data is right-justified in this field with higher order bits filled with 0s.

31:16 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

21.6.4 SSPn Status Register (SSP0SR - 0x4008 800C, SSP1SR 0x4003 000C, SSP2SR - 0x400A C00C)
This read-only register reflects the current status of the SSP controller.

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Table 486: SSPn Status Register (SSP0SR - address 0x4008 800C, SSP1SR - 0x4003 000C, SSP2SR - 0x400A C00C)
bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

Reset Value

TFE

Transmit FIFO Empty. This bit is 1 is the Transmit FIFO is empty, 0 if not.

TNF

Transmit FIFO Not Full. This bit is 0 if the Tx FIFO is full, 1 if not.

RNE

Receive FIFO Not Empty. This bit is 0 if the Receive FIFO is empty, 1 if not.

RFF

Receive FIFO Full. This bit is 1 if the Receive FIFO is full, 0 if not.

BSY

Busy. This bit is 0 if the SSPn controller is idle, or 1 if it is currently sending/receiving a

frame and/or the Tx FIFO is not empty.

31:5

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

21.6.5 SSPn Clock Prescale Register (SSP0CPSR - 0x4008 8010, SSP1CPSR

- 0x4003 0010, SSP2CPSR - 0x400A C010)
This register controls the factor by which the Prescaler divides PCLK to yield the prescaler
clock that is, in turn, divided by the SCR factor in SSPnCR0, to determine the bit clock.
Table 487: SSPn Clock Prescale Register (SSP0CPSR - address 0x4008 8010, SSP1CPSR - 0x4003 0010, SSP2CPSR
- 0x400A C010) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

7:0

CPSDVSR

This even value between 2 and 254, by which PCLK is divided to yield the prescaler
output clock. Bit 0 always reads as 0.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Important: the SSPnCPSR value must be properly initialized or the SSP controller will not
be able to transmit data correctly.

In Slave mode, the SSP clock rate provided by the master must not exceed 1/12 of the
peripheral clock selected in Section 4.6.4. The content of the SSPnCPSR register is not
relevant.
In master mode, CPSDVSRmin = 2 or larger (even numbers only).

21.6.6 SSPn Interrupt Mask Set/Clear Register (SSP0IMSC - 0x4008 8014,

SSP1IMSC - 0x4003 0014, SSP2IMSC - 0x400A C014)
This register controls whether each of the four possible interrupt conditions in the SSP
controller are enabled. Note that ARM uses the word masked in the opposite sense from
classic computer terminology, in which masked meant disabled. ARM uses the word
masked to mean enabled. To avoid confusion we will not use the word masked.
Table 488: SSPn Interrupt Mask Set/Clear register (SSP0IMSC - address 0x4008 8014, SSP1IMSC - 0x4003 0014,
SSP2IMSC - 0x400A C014) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

Reset Value

RORIM

Software should set this bit to enable interrupt when a Receive Overrun occurs, that is,
when the Rx FIFO is full and another frame is completely received. The ARM spec implies
that the preceding frame data is overwritten by the new frame data when this occurs.

RTIM

Software should set this bit to enable interrupt when a Receive Timeout condition occurs. A 0
Receive Timeout occurs when the Rx FIFO is not empty, and has not been read for a period
of 32 bit times.

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Table 488: SSPn Interrupt Mask Set/Clear register (SSP0IMSC - address 0x4008 8014, SSP1IMSC - 0x4003 0014,
SSP2IMSC - 0x400A C014) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

Reset Value

RXIM

Software should set this bit to enable interrupt when the Rx FIFO is at least half full.

TXIM

Software should set this bit to enable interrupt when the Tx FIFO is at least half empty.

31:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

21.6.7 SSPn Raw Interrupt Status Register (SSP0RIS - 0x4008 8018,

SSP1RIS - 0x4003 0018, SSP2RIS - 0x400A C018)
This read-only register contains a 1 for each interrupt condition that is asserted,
regardless of whether or not the interrupt is enabled in the SSPnIMSC.
Table 489: SSPn Raw Interrupt Status register (SSP0RIS - address 0x4008 8018, SSP1RIS - 0x4003 0018, SSP2RIS 0x400A C018) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

RORRIS

This bit is 1 if another frame was completely received while the RxFIFO was full. The ARM spec
implies that the preceding frame data is overwritten by the new frame data when this occurs.

RTRIS

This bit is 1 if the Rx FIFO is not empty, and has not been read for a period of 32 bit times.

RXRIS

This bit is 1 if the Rx FIFO is at least half full.

TXRIS

This bit is 1 if the Tx FIFO is at least half empty.

31:4

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

21.6.8 SSPn Masked Interrupt Status Register (SSP0MIS - 0x4008 801C,

SSP1MIS - 0x4003 001C, SSP2MIS - 0x400A C01C)
This read-only register contains a 1 for each interrupt condition that is asserted and
enabled in the SSPnIMSC. When an SSP interrupt occurs, the interrupt service routine
should read this register to determine the cause(s) of the interrupt.
Table 490: SSPn Masked Interrupt Status register (SSP0MIS -address 0x4008 801C, SSP1MIS - 0x4003 001C,
SSP2MIS - 0x400A C01C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

RORMIS

This bit is 1 if another frame was completely received while the RxFIFO was full, and this 0
interrupt is enabled.

RTMIS

This bit is 1 if the Rx FIFO is not empty, has not been read for a period of 32 bit times, and 0
this interrupt is enabled.

RXMIS

This bit is 1 if the Rx FIFO is at least half full, and this interrupt is enabled.

TXMIS

This bit is 1 if the Tx FIFO is at least half empty, and this interrupt is enabled.

31:4

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

21.6.9 SSPn Interrupt Clear Register (SSP0ICR - 0x4008 8020, SSP1ICR 0x4003 0020, SSP2ICR - 0x400A C020)
Software can write one or more one(s) to this write-only register, to clear the
corresponding interrupt condition(s) in the SSP controller. Note that the other two interrupt
conditions can be cleared by writing or reading the appropriate FIFO, or disabled by
clearing the corresponding bit in SSPnIMSC.

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Table 491: SSPn interrupt Clear Register (SSP0ICR - address 0x4008 8020, SSP1ICR - 0x4003 0020, SSP2ICR 0x400A C020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

RORIC

Writing a 1 to this bit clears the frame was received when RxFIFO was full interrupt.

NA

RTIC

Writing a 1 to this bit clears the "Rx FIFO was not empty and has not been read for a period NA
of 32 bit times" interrupt.

31:2

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

21.6.10 SSPn DMA Control Register (SSP0DMACR - 0x4008 8024,

SSP1DMACR - 0x4003 0024, SSP2DMACR - 0x400A C024)
The SSPnDMACR register is the DMA control register. It is a read/write register.
Table 492: SSPn DMA Control Register (SSP0DMACR - address 0x4008 8024, SSP1DMACR - 0x4003 0024,
SSP2DMACR - 0x400A C024) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Receive DMA Enable

(RXDMAE)

When this bit is set to one 1, DMA for the receive FIFO is enabled, otherwise 0
receive DMA is disabled.

Transmit DMA Enable

(TXDMAE)

When this bit is set to one 1, DMA for the transmit FIFO is enabled, otherwise 0
transmit DMA is disabled

31:2

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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Chapter 22: LPC178x/7x I2C-bus interfaces
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22.1 Basic configuration

The I2C0/1/2 interfaces are configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCI2C0/1/2.
Remark: On reset, all I2C interfaces are enabled (PCI2C0/1/2 = 1).

2. Peripheral clock: The I2C interfaces operate from the common PCLK that clocks both
the bus interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4.
3. Pins: Select I2C0, I2C1, or I2C2 pins and pin modes using the relevant IOCON
registers (See Section 8.4.1).
Remark: The pins P0[27] and P0[28] are specialized open-drain I2C pins that support
fully compliant fast mode (400 kHz) and standard mode (100 kHz) I2C. These pins
have no on-chip pull-up devices at all and must always be pulled up externally when
they are outputs (per the I2C bus specification). Pins P5[2] and P5[3] are similar, but in
addition, also support Fast Mode Plus (1 MHz) I2C. Both sets of pins have somewhat
different configuration options than most port pins, see Section 8.4.1 for details. For
all other pins that can be used for I2C communication, see the Remark below.
Remark: I2C pins that do not use specialized I2C pads (as identified in Table 67) can
be configured to an open-drain mode via the relevant IOCON registers, and can be
used with fast mode (400 kHz) and standard mode (100 kHz) I2C. These pins do not
include an analog filter to suppress line glitches, but a similar function is performed by
the digital filter in the I2C block itself. These pins should be configured as: no pull-up,
no pull-down, open drain mode.

4. Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.
5. Initialization: see Section 22.9.8.1 and Section 22.10.1.

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22.2 Features
Supports 1 MHz Fast Mode Plus (some pinouts of I2C0 only), 400 kHz fast mode, and
100 kHz standard mode.

Standard I2C compliant bus interfaces may be configured as Master, Slave, or

Master/Slave.

Arbitration is handled between simultaneously transmitting masters without corruption

of serial data on the bus.

Programmable clock allows adjustment of I2C transfer rates.

Data transfer is bidirectional between masters and slaves.
Serial clock synchronization allows devices with different bit rates to communicate via
one serial bus.

Serial clock synchronization is used as a handshake mechanism to suspend and

resume serial transfer.

Optional recognition of up to 4 distinct slave addresses.

Monitor mode allows observing all I2C-bus traffic, regardless of slave address, without
affecting the actual I2C-bus traffic.

22.3 Applications
Interfaces to external I2C standard parts, such as serial RAMs, LCDs, tone generators,
other microcontrollers, etc. Can also be used as a diagnostic/test bus.

22.4 Description
A typical I2C-bus configuration is shown in Figure 106. Depending on the state of the
direction bit (R/W), two types of data transfers are possible on the I2C-bus:

Data transfer from a master transmitter to a slave receiver. The first byte transmitted
by the master is the slave address. Next follows a number of data bytes. The slave
returns an acknowledge bit after each received byte, unless the slave device is unable
to accept more data.

Data transfer from a slave transmitter to a master receiver. The first byte (the slave
address) is transmitted by the master. The slave then returns an acknowledge bit.
Next follows the data bytes transmitted by the slave to the master. The master returns
an acknowledge bit after all received bytes other than the last byte. At the end of the
last received byte, a not acknowledge is returned. The master device generates all
of the serial clock pulses and the START and STOP conditions. A transfer is ended
with a STOP condition or with a repeated START condition. Since a repeated START
condition is also the beginning of the next serial transfer, the I2C-bus will not be
released.
The LPC178x/177x I2C interfaces are byte oriented and have four operating modes:
master transmitter mode, master receiver mode, slave transmitter mode and slave
receiver mode.

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pull-up
resistor

pull-up
resistor

SDA
I 2C bus
SCL

SDA

SCL

LPCXXXX

OTHER DEVICE WITH

I 2C INTERFACE

OTHER DEVICE WITH

I 2C INTERFACE

Fig 106. I2C-bus configuration

22.4.1 I2C FAST Mode Plus

Fast Mode Plus is a 1 Mbit/sec transfer rate to communicate with the I2C products which
the NXP Semiconductors is now providing.
In order to use Fast Mode Plus, the I2C0 pins must be configured, then rates above 400
kHz and up to 1 MHz may be selected, see Table 507. To configure the pins for Fast Mode
Plus, the I2CMODE bits in the IOCON_P5_02 and IOCON_P5_03 registers must be set
to binary 10, see Section 8.4.1.

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22.5 Pin description

Table 493. I2C Pin Description
Pin

Type

Description

I2C0_SDA

Input/Output

I2C0 Serial Data

I2C0_SCL

Input/Output

I2C0 Serial Clock

I2C1_SDA

Input/Output

I2C1 Serial Data

I2C1_SCL

Input/Output

I2C1 Serial Clock

I2C2_SDA

Input/Output

I2C2 Serial Data

I2C2_SCL

Input/Output

I2C2 Serial Clock

The internal logic of the 3 I2C interfaces is identical. These interfaces can be brought out
to device pins in several ways, some of which have different pin I/O characteristics. I2C0
on pins P0[27] and P0[28] use specialized I2C pads that support fully spec compliant fast
mode and standard mode I2C. I2C0 on pins P5[2] and P5[3] also use specialized I2C
pads. These pads support Fast Mode Plus in additional to the previously mentioned
modes.
Any of the I2C interfaces brought out to pins other than those just mentioned use standard
I/O pins. These pins also support I2C operation in fast mode and standard mode. The
primary difference is that these pins do not include an analog spike suppression filter that
exists on the specialized I2C pads. The I2C interfaces all include a digital filter that can
serve the same purpose.

22.6 I2C operating modes

In a given application, the I2C block may operate as a master, a slave, or both. In the slave
mode, the I2C hardware looks for any one of its four slave addresses and the General Call
address. If one of these addresses is detected, an interrupt is requested. If the processor
wishes to become the bus master, the hardware waits until the bus is free before the
master mode is entered so that a possible slave operation is not interrupted. If bus
arbitration is lost in the master mode, the I2C block switches to the slave mode
immediately and can detect any of its own configured slave addresses in the same serial
transfer.

22.6.1 Master Transmitter mode

In this mode data is transmitted from master to slave. Before the master transmitter mode
can be entered, the I2CONSET register must be initialized as shown in Table 494. I2EN
must be set to 1 to enable the I2C function. If the AA bit is 0, the I2C interface will not
acknowledge any address when another device is master of the bus, so it can not enter
slave mode. The STA, STO and SI bits must be 0. The SI bit is cleared by writing 1 to the
SIC bit in the I2CONCLR register. THe STA bit should be cleared after writing the slave
address.

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Table 494. I2C0CONSET and I2C1CONSET used to configure Master mode

Bit

Symbol

I2EN

STA

STO

SI

AA

Value

The first byte transmitted contains the slave address of the receiving device (7 bits) and
the data direction bit. In this mode the data direction bit (R/W) should be 0 which means
Write. The first byte transmitted contains the slave address and Write bit. Data is
transmitted 8 bits at a time. After each byte is transmitted, an acknowledge bit is received.
START and STOP conditions are output to indicate the beginning and the end of a serial
transfer.
The I2C interface will enter master transmitter mode when software sets the STA bit. The
I2C logic will send the START condition as soon as the bus is free. After the START
condition is transmitted, the SI bit is set, and the status code in the I2STAT register is
0x08. This status code is used to vector to a state service routine which will load the slave
address and Write bit to the I2DAT register, and then clear the SI bit. SI is cleared by
writing a 1 to the SIC bit in the I2CONCLR register.
When the slave address and R/W bit have been transmitted and an acknowledgment bit
has been received, the SI bit is set again, and the possible status codes now are 0x18,
0x20, or 0x38 for the master mode, or 0x68, 0x78, or 0xB0 if the slave mode was enabled
(by setting AA to 1). The appropriate actions to be taken for each of these status codes
are shown in Table 511 to Table 514.

SLAVE ADDRESS

RW=0

DATA

A/A

DATA

n bytes data transmitted

A = Acknowledge (SDA low)

from Master to Slave

A = Not acknowledge (SDA high)

from Slave to Master

S = START condition
P = STOP condition

Fig 107. Format in the Master Transmitter mode

22.6.2 Master Receiver mode

In the master receiver mode, data is received from a slave transmitter. The transfer is
initiated in the same way as in the master transmitter mode. When the START condition
has been transmitted, the interrupt service routine must load the slave address and the
data direction bit to the I2C Data register (I2DAT), and then clear the SI bit. In this case,
the data direction bit (R/W) should be 1 to indicate a read.
When the slave address and data direction bit have been transmitted and an
acknowledge bit has been received, the SI bit is set, and the Status Register will show the
status code. For master mode, the possible status codes are 0x40, 0x48, or 0x38. For
slave mode, the possible status codes are 0x68, 0x78, or 0xB0. For details, refer to
Table 512.
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When the LPC178x/177x needs to acknowledge a received byte, the AA bit needs to be
set accordingly prior to clearing the SI bit and initiating the byte read. When the
LPC178x/177x needs to not acknowledge a received byte, the AA bit needs to be cleared
prior to clearing the SI bit and initiating the byte read.
Note that the last received byte is always followed by a "Not Acknowledge" from the
LPC178x/177x so that the master can signal the slave that the reading sequence is
finished and that it needs to issue a STOP or repeated START Command. Once the "Not
Acknowledge has been sent and the SI bit is set, the LPC178x/177x can send either a
STOP (STO bit is set) or a repeated START (STA bit is set). Then the SI bit is cleared to
initiate the requested operation.

SLAVE ADDRESS

RW=1

DATA

DATA

n bytes data received

A = Acknowledge (SDA low)

from Master to Slave

A = Not acknowledge (SDA high)

from Slave to Master

S = START condition
P = STOP condition

Fig 108. Format of Master Receiver mode

After a repeated START condition, I2C may switch to the master transmitter mode.

SLA

DATA

DATA

Sr

SLA

DATA

n bytes data transmitted

A = Acknowledge (SDA low)
A = Not acknowledge (SDA high)
From master to slave

S = START condition

From slave to master

P = STOP condition
SLA = Slave Address
Sr = Repeated START condition

Fig 109. A Master Receiver switches to Master Transmitter after sending repeated START

22.6.3 Slave Receiver mode

In the slave receiver mode, data bytes are received from a master transmitter. To initialize
the slave receiver mode, write any of the Slave Address registers (I2ADR0-3) and Slave
Mask registers (I2MASK0-3) and write the I2C Control Set register (I2CONSET) as shown
in Table 495.

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Table 495. I2C0CONSET and I2C1CONSET used to configure Slave mode

Bit

Symbol

I2EN

STA

STO

SI

AA

Value

I2EN must be set to 1 to enable the I2C function. AA bit must be set to 1 to acknowledge
any of its own slave addresses or the General Call address. The STA, STO and SI bits are
set to 0.
After I2ADR and I2CONSET are initialized, the I2C interface waits until it is addressed by
its any of its own slave addresses or General Call address followed by the data direction
bit. If the direction bit is 0 (W), it enters slave receiver mode. If the direction bit is 1 (R), it
enters slave transmitter mode. After the address and direction bit have been received, the
SI bit is set and a valid status code can be read from the Status register (I2STAT). Refer to
Table 513 for the status codes and actions.

SLAVE ADDRESS

RW=0

DATA

A/A

DATA

P/Sr

n bytes data received

A = Acknowledge (SDA low)

from Master to Slave
from Slave to Master

A = Not acknowledge (SDA high)

S = START condition
P = STOP condition
Sr = Repeated START condition

Fig 110. Format of Slave Receiver mode

22.6.4 Slave Transmitter mode

The first byte is received and handled as in the slave receiver mode. However, in this
mode, the direction bit will be 1, indicating a read operation. Serial data is transmitted via
SDA while the serial clock is input through SCL. START and STOP conditions are
recognized as the beginning and end of a serial transfer. In a given application, I2C may
operate as a master and as a slave. In the slave mode, the I2C hardware looks for any of
its own slave addresses and the General Call address. If one of these addresses is
detected, an interrupt is requested. When the microcontrollers wishes to become the bus
master, the hardware waits until the bus is free before the master mode is entered so that
a possible slave action is not interrupted. If bus arbitration is lost in the master mode, the
I2C interface switches to the slave mode immediately and can detect any of its own slave
addresses in the same serial transfer.

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SLAVE ADDRESS

RW=1

DATA

DATA

n bytes data transmitted

A = Acknowledge (SDA low)

from Master to Slave

A = Not acknowledge (SDA high)

from Slave to Master

S = START condition
P = STOP condition

Fig 111. Format of Slave Transmitter mode

22.7 I2C implementation and operation

Figure 112 shows how the on-chip I2C-bus interface is implemented, and the following
text describes the individual blocks.

22.7.1 Input filters and output stages

Input signals are synchronized with the internal clock, and spikes shorter than three
clocks are filtered out.

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ADDRESS REGISTERS
I2CnADDR0 to I2CnADDR3
MATCHALL
I2CnMMCTRL[3]
MASK and COMPARE

MASK REGISTERS
I2CnMASK0 to I2CnMASK3

INPUT
FILTER

I2CnDATABUFFER

SDA
SHIFT REGISTER
I2CnDAT

OUTPUT
STAGE

ACK
8

APB BUS

MONITOR MODE
REGISTER
I2CnMMCTRL

BIT COUNTER/
ARBITRATION and
SYNC LOGIC

INPUT
FILTER

PCLK
TIMING and
CONTROL
LOGIC

SCL
OUTPUT
STAGE

SERIAL CLOCK
GENERATOR

interrupt

CONTROL REGISTER and

SCL DUTY CYLE REGISTERS
I2CnCONSET, I2CnCONCLR, I2CnSCLH, I2CnSCLL
16

status
bus

STATUS
DECODER

STATUS REGISTER
I2CnSTAT
8

Fig 112. I2C serial interface block diagram

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22.7.2 Address Registers, I2ADR0 to I2ADR3

These registers may be loaded with the 7-bit slave address (7 most significant bits) to
which the I2C block will respond when programmed as a slave transmitter or receiver. The
LSB (GC) is used to enable General Call address (0x00) recognition. When multiple slave
addresses are enabled, the actual address received may be read from the I2DAT register
at the state where the own slave address has just been received.
Remark: in the remainder of this chapter, when the phrase own slave address is used, it
refers to any of the four configured slave addresses after address masking.

22.7.3 Address mask registers, I2MASK0 to I2MASK3

The four mask registers each contain seven active bits (7:1). Any bit in these registers
which is set to 1 will cause an automatic compare on the corresponding bit of the
received address when it is compared to the I2ADRn register associated with that mask
register. In other words, bits in an I2ADRn register which are masked are not taken into
account in determining an address match.
When an address-match interrupt occurs, the processor will have to read the data register
(I2DAT) to determine which received address actually caused the match.

22.7.4 Comparator
The comparator compares the received 7-bit slave address with any of the four configured
slave addresses in I2ADR0 through I2ADR3 after masking. It also compares the first
received 8-bit byte with the General Call address (0x00). If an a match is found, the
appropriate status bits are set and an interrupt is requested.

22.7.5 Shift register, I2DAT

This 8-bit register contains a byte of serial data to be transmitted or a byte which has just
been received. Data in I2DAT is always shifted from right to left; the first bit to be
transmitted is the MSB (bit 7) and, after a byte has been received, the first bit of received
data is located at the MSB of I2DAT. While data is being shifted out, data on the bus is
simultaneously being shifted in; I2DAT always contains the last byte present on the bus.
Thus, in the event of lost arbitration, the transition from master transmitter to slave
receiver is made with the correct data in I2DAT.

22.7.6 Arbitration and synchronization logic

In the master transmitter mode, the arbitration logic checks that every transmitted logic 1
actually appears as a logic 1 on the I2C-bus. If another device on the bus overrules a logic
1 and pulls the SDA line low, arbitration is lost, and the I2C block immediately changes
from master transmitter to slave receiver. The I2C block will continue to output clock
pulses (on SCL) until transmission of the current serial byte is complete.
Arbitration may also be lost in the master receiver mode. Loss of arbitration in this mode
can only occur while the I2C block is returning a not acknowledge: (logic 1) to the bus.
Arbitration is lost when another device on the bus pulls this signal low. Since this can
occur only at the end of a serial byte, the I2C block generates no further clock pulses.
Figure 113 shows the arbitration procedure.

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(1)

(1)

(2)

(3)

SDA line

SCL line

9
ACK

(1) Another device transmits serial data.

(2) Another device overrules a logic (dotted line) transmitted this I2C master by pulling the SDA line
low. Arbitration is lost, and this I2C enters Slave Receiver mode.
(3) This I2C is in Slave Receiver mode but still generates clock pulses until the current byte has been
transmitted. This I2C will not generate clock pulses for the next byte. Data on SDA originates from
the new master once it has won arbitration.

Fig 113. Arbitration procedure

The synchronization logic will synchronize the serial clock generator with the clock pulses
on the SCL line from another device. If two or more master devices generate clock pulses,
the mark duration is determined by the device that generates the shortest marks, and
the space duration is determined by the device that generates the longest spaces.
Figure 114 shows the synchronization procedure.

SDA line
(1)

(3)

(1)

SCL line
(2)
high
period

low
period

(1) Another device pulls the SCL line low before this I2C has timed a complete high time. The other
device effectively determines the (shorter) HIGH period.
(2) Another device continues to pull the SCL line low after this I2C has timed a complete low time and
released SCL. The I2C clock generator is forced to wait until SCL goes HIGH. The other device
effectively determines the (longer) LOW period.
(3) The SCL line is released , and the clock generator begins timing the HIGH time.

Fig 114. Serial clock synchronization

A slave may stretch the space duration to slow down the bus master. The space duration
may also be stretched for handshaking purposes. This can be done after each bit or after
a complete byte transfer. the I2C block will stretch the SCL space duration after a byte has
been transmitted or received and the acknowledge bit has been transferred. The serial
interrupt flag (SI) is set, and the stretching continues until the serial interrupt flag is
cleared.

22.7.7 Serial clock generator

This programmable clock pulse generator provides the SCL clock pulses when the I2C
block is in the master transmitter or master receiver mode. It is switched off when the I2C
block is in a slave mode. The I2C output clock frequency and duty cycle is programmable

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via the I2C Clock Control Registers. See the description of the I2CSCLL and I2CSCLH
registers for details. The output clock pulses have a duty cycle as programmed unless the
bus is synchronizing with other SCL clock sources as described above.

22.7.8 Timing and control

The timing and control logic generates the timing and control signals for serial byte
handling. This logic block provides the shift pulses for I2DAT, enables the comparator,
generates and detects START and STOP conditions, receives and transmits acknowledge
bits, controls the master and slave modes, contains interrupt request logic, and monitors
the I2C-bus status.

22.7.9 Control register, I2CONSET and I2CONCLR

The I2C control register contains bits used to control the following I2C block functions: start
and restart of a serial transfer, termination of a serial transfer, bit rate, address recognition,
and acknowledgment.
The contents of the I2C control register may be read as I2CONSET. Writing to I2CONSET
will set bits in the I2C control register that correspond to ones in the value written.
Conversely, writing to I2CONCLR will clear bits in the I2C control register that correspond
to ones in the value written.

22.7.10 Status decoder and status register

The status decoder takes all of the internal status bits and compresses them into a 5-bit
code. This code is unique for each I2C-bus status. The 5-bit code may be used to
generate vector addresses for fast processing of the various service routines. Each
service routine processes a particular bus status. There are 26 possible bus states if all
four modes of the I2C block are used. The 5-bit status code is latched into the five most
significant bits of the status register when the serial interrupt flag is set (by hardware) and
remains stable until the interrupt flag is cleared by software. The three least significant bits
of the status register are always zero. If the status code is used as a vector to service
routines, then the routines are displaced by eight address locations. Eight bytes of code is
sufficient for most of the service routines (see the software example in this section).

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22.8 Register description

Each I2C interface contains 16 registers as shown in Table 496 below.
Remark: In the LPC178x/177x, the following registers have been added to support
response to multiple addresses in Slave mode and a new Monitor mode: I2ADR1 to 3,
I2MASK0 To 3, MMCTRL, and I2DATA_BUFFER.
Table 496. I2C register map
Generic
Name

Description

I2CONSET I2C Control Set Register. When a one is

written to a bit of this register, the
corresponding bit in the I2C control register is
set. Writing a zero has no effect on the
corresponding bit in the I2C control register.
I2STAT

I2DAT

I2ADR0

I2SCLH

Access

Reset
value[1]

I2Cn Name & Address

Table

R/W

0x00

I2C0CONSET - 0x4001 C000

497

I2C1CONSET - 0x4005 C000

I2C2CONSET - 0x400A 0000

I2C Status Register. During I2C operation,

this register provides detailed status codes
that allow software to determine the next
action needed.

RO

I2C Data Register. During master or slave

transmit mode, data to be transmitted is
written to this register. During master or slave
receive mode, data that has been received
may be read from this register.

R/W

I2C Slave Address Register 0. Contains the

7-bit slave address for operation of the I2C
interface in slave mode, and is not used in
master mode. The least significant bit
determines whether a slave responds to the
General Call address.

R/W

SCH Duty Cycle Register High Half Word.

Determines the high time of the I2C clock.

R/W

0xF8

I2C0STAT - 0x4001 C004

499

I2C1STAT - 0x4005 C004

I2C2STAT - 0x400A 0004
0x00

I2C0DAT - 0x4001 C008

500

I2C1DAT - 0x4005 C008

I2C2DAT - 0x400A 0008

0x00

I2C0ADR0 - 0x4001 C00C

503

I2C1ADR0 - 0x4005 C00C

I2C2ADR0 - 0x400A 000C

0x04

I2C0SCLH - 0x4001 C010

505

I2C1SCLH - 0x4005 C010

I2C2SCLH - 0x400A 0010

SCL Duty Cycle Register Low Half Word.

Determines the low time of the I2C clock.
I2nSCLL and I2nSCLH together determine
the clock frequency generated by an I2C
master and certain times used in slave mode.

R/W

I2CONCLR I2C Control Clear Register. When a one is

written to a bit of this register, the
corresponding bit in the I2C control register is
cleared. Writing a zero has no effect on the
corresponding bit in the I2C control register.

WO

MMCTRL

R/W

I2SCLL

Monitor mode control register.

0x04

I2C0SCLL - 0x4001 C014

506

I2C1SCLL - 0x4005 C014

I2C2SCLL - 0x400A 0014

NA

I2C0CONCLR - 0x4001 C018

498

I2C1CONCLR - 0x4005 C018

I2C2CONCLR - 0x400A 0018

0x00

I2C0MMCTRL - 0x4001 C01C

501

I2C1MMCTRL - 0x4005 C01C

I2C2MMCTRL - 0x400A 001C
I2ADR1

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I2C Slave Address Register 1. Contains the

7-bit slave address for operation of the I2C
interface in slave mode, and is not used in
master mode. The least significant bit
determines whether a slave responds to the
General Call address.

R/W

0x00

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I2C0ADR1 - 0x4001 C020

503

I2C1ADR1 - 0x4005 C020

I2C2ADR1 - 0x400A 0020

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Table 496. I2C register map

Generic
Name

Description

I2ADR2

I2ADR3

I2DATA_
BUFFER

I2MASK0

I2MASK1

I2MASK2

I2MASK3

[1]

Access

Reset
value[1]

I2C Slave Address Register 2. Contains the

7-bit slave address for operation of the I2C
interface in slave mode, and is not used in
master mode. The least significant bit
determines whether a slave responds to the
General Call address.

R/W

0x00

I2C Slave Address Register 3. Contains the

7-bit slave address for operation of the I2C
interface in slave mode, and is not used in
master mode. The least significant bit
determines whether a slave responds to the
General Call address.

R/W

Data buffer register. The contents of the 8

MSBs of the I2DAT shift register will be
transferred to the I2DATA_BUFFER
automatically after every 9 bits (8 bits of data
plus ACK or NACK) has been received on the
bus.

RO

I2C Slave address mask register 0. This

mask register is associated with I2ADR0 to
determine an address match. The mask
register has no effect when comparing to the
General Call address (0000000).

R/W

I2C Slave address mask register 1. This

mask register is associated with I2ADR0 to
determine an address match. The mask
register has no effect when comparing to the
General Call address (0000000).

R/W

I2C Slave address mask register 2. This

mask register is associated with I2ADR0 to
determine an address match. The mask
register has no effect when comparing to the
General Call address (0000000).

R/W

I2C Slave address mask register 3. This

mask register is associated with I2ADR0 to
determine an address match. The mask
register has no effect when comparing to the
General Call address (0000000).

R/W

I2Cn Name & Address

Table

I2C0ADR2 - 0x4001 C024

503

I2C1ADR2 - 0x4005 C024

I2C2ADR2 - 0x400A 0024

0x00

I2C0ADR3 - 0x4001 C028

503

I2C1ADR3 - 0x4005 C028

I2C2ADR3 - 0x400A 0028

0x00

I2C0DATA_BUFFER - 0x4001 C02C

502

I2C1DATA_BUFFER - 0x4005 C02C

I2C2DATA_BUFFER - 0x400A 002C

0x00

I2C0MASK0 - 0x4001 C030

504

I2C1MASK0 - 0x4005 C030

I2C2MASK0 - 0x400A 0030

0x00

I2C0MASK1 - 0x4001 C034

504

I2C1MASK1 - 0x4005 C034

I2C2MASK1 - 0x400A 0034

0x00

I2C0MASK2 - 0x4001 C038

504

I2C1MASK2 - 0x4005 C038

I2C2MASK2 - 0x400A 0038

0x00

I2C0MASK3 - 0x4001 C03C

504

I2C1MASK3 - 0x4005 C03C

I2C2MASK3 - 0x400A 003C

Reset value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

22.8.1 I2C Control Set register (I2CONSET: I2C0, I2C0CONSET 0x4001 C000; I2C1, I2C1CONSET - 0x4005 C000; I2C2, I2C2CONSET 0x400A 0000)
The I2CONSET registers control setting of bits in the I2CON register that controls
operation of the I2C interface. Writing a one to a bit of this register causes the
corresponding bit in the I2C control register to be set. Writing a zero has no effect.
Reading this register provides the current values of the control and flag bits.

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Table 497. I2C Control Set register (I2CONSET: I2C0, I2C0CONSET - address 0x4001 C000,
I2C1, I2C1CONSET - address 0x4005 C000, I2C2, I2C2CONSET - address
0x400A 0000) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

Reset
value

1:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

AA

Assert acknowledge flag.

SI

I2C interrupt flag.

STO

STOP flag.

STA

START flag.

I2EN

I2C

31:7

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

interface enable.

0
NA

I2EN I2C Interface Enable. When I2EN is 1, the I2C interface is enabled. I2EN can be
cleared by writing 1 to the I2ENC bit in the I2CONCLR register. When I2EN is 0, the I2C
interface is disabled.

When I2EN is 0, the SDA and SCL input signals are ignored, the I2C block is in the not
addressed slave state, and the STO bit is forced to 0.
I2EN should not be used to temporarily release the I2C-bus since, when I2EN is reset, the
I2C-bus status is lost. The AA flag should be used instead.
STA is the START flag. Setting this bit causes the I2C interface to enter master mode and
transmit a START condition or transmit a repeated START condition if it is already in
master mode.

When STA is 1 and the I2C interface is not already in master mode, it enters master mode,
checks the bus and generates a START condition if the bus is free. If the bus is not free, it
waits for a STOP condition (which will free the bus) and generates a START condition
after a delay of a half clock period of the internal clock generator. If the I2C interface is
already in master mode and data has been transmitted or received, it transmits a repeated
START condition. STA may be set at any time, including when the I2C interface is in an
addressed slave mode.
STA can be cleared by writing 1 to the STAC bit in the I2CONCLR register. When STA is
0, no START condition or repeated START condition will be generated.
If STA and STO are both set, then a STOP condition is transmitted on the I2C-bus if it the
interface is in master mode, and transmits a START condition thereafter. If the I2C
interface is in slave mode, an internal STOP condition is generated, but is not transmitted
on the bus.
STO is the STOP flag. Setting this bit causes the I2C interface to transmit a STOP
condition in master mode, or recover from an error condition in slave mode. When STO is
1 in master mode, a STOP condition is transmitted on the I2C-bus. When the bus detects
the STOP condition, STO is cleared automatically.

In slave mode, setting this bit can recover from an error condition. In this case, no STOP
condition is transmitted to the bus. The hardware behaves as if a STOP condition has
been received and it switches to not addressed slave receiver mode. The STO flag is
cleared by hardware automatically.
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SI is the I2C Interrupt Flag. This bit is set when the I2C state changes. However, entering
state F8 does not set SI since there is nothing for an interrupt service routine to do in that
case.

While SI is set, the low period of the serial clock on the SCL line is stretched, and the
serial transfer is suspended. When SCL is HIGH, it is unaffected by the state of the SI flag.
SI must be reset by software, by writing a 1 to the SIC bit in I2CONCLR register. The SI bit
should be cleared only after the required bit(s) has (have) been set and the value in I2DAT
has been loaded or read.
AA is the Assert Acknowledge Flag. When set to 1, an acknowledge (low level to SDA)
will be returned during the acknowledge clock pulse on the SCL line on the following
situations:

1. A matching address defined by registers I2ADR0 through I2ADR3, masked by

I2MASK0 though I2MASK3, has been received.
2. The General Call address has been received while the General Call bit (GC) in I2ADR
is set.
3. A data byte has been received while the I2C is in the master receiver mode.
4. A data byte has been received while the I2C is in the addressed slave receiver mode
The AA bit can be cleared by writing 1 to the AAC bit in the I2CONCLR register. When AA
is 0, a not acknowledge (HIGH level to SDA) will be returned during the acknowledge
clock pulse on the SCL line on the following situations:
1. A data byte has been received while the I2C is in the master receiver mode.
2. A data byte has been received while the I2C is in the addressed slave receiver mode.

22.8.2 I2C Control Clear register (I2CONCLR: I2C0, I2C0CONCLR 0x4001 C018; I2C1, I2C1CONCLR - 0x4005 C018; I2C2, I2C2CONCLR 0x400A 0018)
The I2CONCLR registers control clearing of bits in the I2CON register that controls
operation of the I2C interface. Writing a one to a bit of this register causes the
corresponding bit in the I2C control register to be cleared. Writing a zero has no effect.
I2CONCLR is a write-only register. The value of the related bits can be read from the
I2CONSET register.
Table 498. I2C Control Clear register (I2CONCLR: I2C0, I2C0CONCLR - 0x4001 C018; I2C1,
I2C1CONCLR - 0x4005 C018; I2C2, I2C2CONCLR - 0x400A 0018) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

1:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

AAC

Assert acknowledge Clear bit.

SIC

I2C interrupt Clear bit.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

STAC

START flag Clear bit.

I2ENC

I2C interface Disable bit.

31:7

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

AAC is the Assert Acknowledge Clear bit. Writing a 1 to this bit clears the AA bit in the
I2CONSET register. Writing 0 has no effect.
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SIC is the I2C Interrupt Clear bit. Writing a 1 to this bit clears the SI bit in the I2CONSET
register. Writing 0 has no effect.
STAC is the START flag Clear bit. Writing a 1 to this bit clears the STA bit in the
I2CONSET register. Writing 0 has no effect.

I2ENC is the I2C Interface Disable bit. Writing a 1 to this bit clears the I2EN bit in the
I2CONSET register. Writing 0 has no effect.

22.8.3 I2C Status register (I2STAT: I2C0, I2C0STAT - 0x4001 C004; I2C1,
I2C1STAT - 0x4005 C004; I2C2, I2C2STAT - 0x400A 0004)
Each I2C Status register reflects the condition of the corresponding I2C interface. The I2C
Status register is read-only.
Table 499. I2C Status register (I2STAT: I2C0, I2C0STAT - 0x4001 C004; I2C1, I2C1STAT 0x4005 C004; I2C2, I2C2STAT - 0x400A 0004) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

2:0

Reset
value

These bits are unused and are always 0.

0
I2C

7:3

Status

These bits give the actual status information about the

31:8

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

interface.

0x1F
NA

The three least significant bits are always 0. Taken as a byte, the status register contents
represent a status code. There are 26 possible status codes. When the status code is
0xF8, there is no relevant information available and the SI bit is not set. All other 25 status
codes correspond to defined I2C states. When any of these states entered, the SI bit will
be set. For a complete list of status codes, refer to tables from Table 511 to Table 514.

22.8.4 I2C Data register (I2DAT: I2C0, I2C0DAT - 0x4001 C008; I2C1, I2C1DAT 0x4005 C008; I2C2, I2C2DAT - 0x400A 0008)
This register contains the data to be transmitted or the data just received. The CPU can
read and write to this register only while it is not in the process of shifting a byte, when the
SI bit is set. Data in I2DAT remains stable as long as the SI bit is set. Data in I2DAT is
always shifted from right to left: the first bit to be transmitted is the MSB (bit 7), and after a
byte has been received, the first bit of received data is located at the MSB of I2DAT.
Table 500. I2C Data register (I2DAT: I2C0, I2C0DAT - 0x4001 C008; I2C1, I2C1DAT 0x4005 C008; I2C2, I2C2DAT - 0x400A 0008) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

Reset
value

7:0

Data

This register holds data values that have been received or are to be
transmitted.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

22.8.5 I2C Monitor mode control register (I2MMCTRL: I2C0, I2C0MMCTRL 0x4001 C01C; I2C1, I2C1MMCTRL- 0x4005 C01C; I2C2, I2C2MMCTRL0x400A 001C)
This register controls the Monitor mode which allows the I2C module to monitor traffic on
the I2C-bus without actually participating in traffic or interfering with the I2C-bus.
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Table 501. I2C Monitor mode control register (I2MMCTRL: I2C0, I2C0MMCTRL - 0x4001 C01C;
I2C1, I2C1MMCTRL- 0x4005 C01C; I2C2, I2C2MMCTRL- 0x400A 001C) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

MM_ENA

Reset
value

Monitor mode enable.

Monitor mode disabled.

The I2C module will enter monitor mode. In this mode the
SDA output will be put in high impedance mode. This
prevents the I2C module from outputting data of any kind
(including ACK) onto the I2C data bus.
Depending on the state of the ENA_SCL bit, the output may
be also forced high, preventing the module from having
control over the I2C clock line.

ENA_SCL

When this bit is cleared to 0, the SCL output will be forced

high when the module is in monitor mode. As described
above, this will prevent the module from having any control
over the I2C clock line.

When this bit is set, the I2C module may exercise the same
control over the clock line that it would in normal operation.
This means that, acting as a slave peripheral, the I2C
module can stretch the clock line (hold it low) until it has
had time to respond to an I2C interrupt.[1]

MATCH_ALL

31:3
[1]

SCL output enable.

Select interrupt register match.

When this bit is cleared, an interrupt will only be generated

when a match occurs to one of the (up-to) four address
registers, I2ADR0 through I2ADR3. That is, the module will
respond as a normal slave as far as address-recognition is
concerned.

When this bit is set to 1 and the I2C is in monitor mode, an

interrupt will be generated on ANY address received. This
will enable the part to monitor all traffic on the bus.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be
written.

NA

When the ENA_SCL bit is cleared and the I2C no longer has the ability to stretch the clock, interrupt
response time becomes important. To give the part more time to respond to an I2C interrupt under these
conditions, an I2DATA_BUFFER register is used (Section 22.8.6) to hold received data for a full 9-bit word
transmission time.

Remark: The ENA_SCL and MATCH_ALL bits have no effect if the MM_ENA is 0 (i.e. if
the module is NOT in monitor mode).

22.8.5.1 Interrupt in Monitor mode

All interrupts will occur as normal when the module is in monitor mode. This means that
the first interrupt will occur when an address-match is detected (any address received if
the MATCH_ALL bit is set, otherwise an address matching one of the four address
registers).

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Subsequent to an address-match detection, interrupts will be generated after each data

byte is received for a slave-write transfer, or after each byte that the module believes it
has transmitted for a slave-read transfer. In this second case, the data register will actually
contain data transmitted by some other slave on the bus which was actually addressed by
the master.
Following all of these interrupts, the processor may read the data register to see what was
actually transmitted on the bus.

22.8.5.2 Loss of arbitration in Monitor mode

In monitor mode, the I2C module will not be able to respond to a request for information by
the bus master or issue an ACK. Some other slave on the bus will respond instead.
Software should be aware of the fact that the module is in monitor mode and should not
respond to any loss of arbitration state that is detected.

22.8.6 I2C Data buffer register (I2DATA_BUFFER: I2C0, I2CDATA_BUFFER 0x4001 C02C; I2C1, I2C1DATA_BUFFER- 0x4005 C02C; I2C2,
I2C2DATA_BUFFER- 0x400A 002C)
In monitor mode, the I2C module may lose the ability to stretch the clock if the ENA_SCL
bit is not set. This means that the processor will have a limited amount of time to read the
contents of the data received on the bus. If the processor reads the I2DAT shift register, as
it ordinarily would, it could have only one bit-time to respond to the interrupt before the
received data is overwritten by new data.
To give the processor more time to respond, a new 8-bit, read-only I2DATA_BUFFER
register has been added. The contents of the 8 MSBs of the I2DAT shift register are
transferred to the I2DATA_BUFFER automatically after every 9 bits (8 bits of data plus
ACK or NACK) has been received on the bus. This means that the processor will have 9
bit transmission times to respond to the interrupt and read the data before it is overwritten.
The processor will still have the ability to read I2DAT directly, as usual, and the behavior of
I2DAT will not be altered in any way.
Although the I2DATA_BUFFER register is primarily intended for use in monitor mode with
the ENA_SCL bit = 0, it is available for reading at any time under any mode of operation.
Table 502. I2C Data buffer register (I2DATA_BUFFER: I2C0, I2CDATA_BUFFER 0x4001 C02C; I2C1, I2C1DATA_BUFFER- 0x4005 C02C; I2C2, I2C2DATA_BUFFER0x400A 002C) bit description

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Bit

Symbol Description

7:0

Data

This register holds contents of the 8 MSBs of the I2DAT shift register.

31:8

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

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22.8.7 I2C Slave Address registers (I2ADR0 to 3: I2C0, I2C0ADR[0, 1, 2, 3]0x4001 C0[0C, 20, 24, 28]; I2C1, I2C1ADR[0, 1, 2, 3] - address
0x4005 C0[0C, 20, 24, 28]; I2C2, I2C2ADR[0, 1, 2, 3] - address
0x400A 00[0C, 20, 24, 28])
These registers are readable and writable and are only used when an I2C interface is set
to slave mode. In master mode, this register has no effect. The LSB of I2ADR is the
General Call bit. When this bit is set, the General Call address (0x00) is recognized.
If these registers contain 0x00, the I2C will not acknowledge any address on the bus. All
four registers will be cleared to this disabled state on reset.
Table 503. I2C Slave Address registers (I2ADR0 to 3: I2C0, I2C0ADR[0, 1, 2, 3]- 0x4001 C0[0C,
20, 24, 28]; I2C1, I2C1ADR[0, 1, 2, 3] - address 0x4005 C0[0C, 20, 24, 28]; I2C2,
I2C2ADR[0, 1, 2, 3] - address 0x400A 00[0C, 20, 24, 28]) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

0
7:1

GC

General Call enable bit.

Address

The I2C device address for slave mode.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

22.8.8 I2C Mask registers (I2MASK0 to 3: I2C0, I2C0MASK[0, 1, 2, 3] 0x4001 C0[30, 34, 38, 3C]; I2C1, I2C1MASK[0, 1, 2, 3] - address
0x4005 C0[30, 34, 38, 3C]; I2C2, I2C2MASK[0, 1, 2, 3] - address
0x400A 00[30, 34, 38, 3C])
The four mask registers each contain seven active bits (7:1). Any bit in these registers
which is set to 1 will cause an automatic compare on the corresponding bit of the
received address when it is compared to the I2ADRn register associated with that mask
register. In other words, bits in an I2ADRn register which are masked are not taken into
account in determining an address match.
The mask register has no effect on comparison to the General Call address (0000000).
When an address-match interrupt occurs, the processor will have to read the data register
(I2DAT) to determine which received address actually caused the match.
Table 504. I2C Mask registers (I2MASK0 to 3: I2C0, I2C0MASK[0, 1, 2, 3] - 0x4001 C0[30, 34,
38, 3C]; I2C1, I2C1MASK[0, 1, 2, 3] - address 0x4005 C0[30, 34, 38, 3C]; I2C2,
I2C2MASK[0, 1, 2, 3] - address 0x400A 00[30, 34, 38, 3C]) bit description

UM10470

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Bit

Symbol Description

Reset
value

Reserved, only zero should be written. This bit always reads back as 0.

7:1

MASK

Mask bits.

31:8

Reserved, only zero should be written. These bits always read back as 0. 0

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22.8.9 I2C SCL HIGH duty cycle register (I2SCLH: I2C0, I2C0SCLH 0x4001 C010; I2C1, I2C1SCLH - 0x4005 C010; I2C2, I2C2SCLH 0x400A 0010)
Table 505. I2C SCL HIGH Duty Cycle register (I2SCLH: I2C0, I2C0SCLH - address
0x4001 C010; I2C1, I2C1SCLH - address 0x4005 C010; I2C2, I2C2SCLH 0x400A 0010) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

15:0

SCLH

Count for SCL HIGH time period selection.

0x0004

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:16 -

22.8.10 I2C SCL Low duty cycle register (I2SCLL: I2C0 - I2C0SCLL:
0x4001 C014; I2C1 - I2C1SCLL: 0x4005 C014; I2C2 - I2C2SCLL:
0x400A 0014)
Table 506. I2C SCL Low duty cycle register (I2SCLL: I2C0 - I2C0SCLL: 0x4001 C014; I2C1 I2C1SCLL: 0x4005 C014; I2C2 - I2C2SCLL: 0x400A 0014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

15:0

SCLL

Count for SCL low time period selection.

0x0004

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:16 -

22.8.11 Selecting the appropriate I2C data rate and duty cycle
Software must set values for the registers I2SCLH and I2SCLL to select the appropriate
data rate and duty cycle. I2SCLH defines the number of PCLK cycles for the SCL HIGH
time, I2SCLL defines the number of PCLK cycles for the SCL low time. The frequency is
determined by the following formula (PCLK is the frequency of the peripheral bus APB):
(13)

PCLKI2C
I 2 C bitfrequency = -------------------------------------------------------I2CSCLH + I2CSCLL

The values for I2SCLL and I2SCLH must ensure that the data rate is in the appropriate
I2C data rate range. Each register value must be greater than or equal to 4. Table 507
gives some examples of I2C-bus rates based on PCLK frequency and I2SCLL and
I2SCLH values.
Table 507. Example I2C clock rates

I2C Rate

I2SCLL + I2SCLH values at PCLK (MHz)

6

10

12

16

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

100 kHz
(Standard)

60

80

100

120

160

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

400 kHz
(Fast Mode)

15

20

25

30

40

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

1 MHz (Fast
Mode Plus)

10

12

16

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

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I2SCLL and I2SCLH values should not necessarily be the same. Software can set
different duty cycles on SCL by setting these two registers. For example, the I2C-bus
specification defines the SCL low time and high time at different values for Fast Mode and
Fast Mode Plus I2C.

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Chapter 22: LPC178x/7x I2C-bus interfaces

22.9 Details of I2C operating modes

The four operating modes are:

Master Transmitter
Master Receiver
Slave Receiver
Slave Transmitter

Data transfers in each mode of operation are shown in Figure 115, Figure 116, Figure 117,
Figure 118, and Figure 119. Table 508 lists abbreviations used in these figures when
describing the I2C operating modes.
Table 508. Abbreviations used to describe an I2C operation
Abbreviation

Explanation

START condition

SLA

7-bit slave address

Read bit (HIGH level at SDA)

Write bit (LOW level at SDA)

Acknowledge bit (LOW level at SDA)

Not acknowledge bit (HIGH level at SDA)

Data

8-bit data byte

STOP condition

Sr

Repeated START condition

In Figure 115 to Figure 119, circles are used to indicate when the serial interrupt flag is
set. The numbers in the circles show the status code held in the I2STAT register. At these
points, a service routine must be executed to continue or complete the serial transfer.
These service routines are not critical since the serial transfer is suspended until the serial
interrupt flag is cleared by software.
When a serial interrupt routine is entered, the status code in I2STAT is used to branch to
the appropriate service routine. For each status code, the required software action and
details of the following serial transfer are given in tables from Table 511 to Table 515.

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Chapter 22: LPC178x/7x I2C-bus interfaces

22.9.1 Master Transmitter mode

In the master transmitter mode, a number of data bytes are transmitted to a slave receiver
(see Figure 115). Before the master transmitter mode can be entered, I2CON must be
initialized as follows:
Table 509. I2CONSET used to initialize Master Transmitter mode
Bit

Symbol

I2EN

STA

STO

SI

AA

Value

The I2C rate must also be configured in the I2SCLL and I2SCLH registers. I2EN must be
set to logic 1 to enable the I2C block. If the AA bit is reset, the I2C block will not
acknowledge its own slave address or the General Call address in the event of another
device becoming master of the bus. In other words, if AA is reset, the I2C interface cannot
enter a slave mode. STA, STO, and SI must be reset.
The master transmitter mode may now be entered by setting the STA bit. The I2C logic will
now test the I2C-bus and generate a START condition as soon as the bus becomes free.
When a START condition is transmitted, the serial interrupt flag (SI) is set, and the status
code in the status register (I2STAT) will be 0x08. This status code is used by the interrupt
service routine to enter the appropriate state service routine that loads I2DAT with the
slave address and the data direction bit (SLA+W). The SI bit in I2CON must then be reset
before the serial transfer can continue.
When the slave address and the direction bit have been transmitted and an
acknowledgment bit has been received, the serial interrupt flag (SI) is set again, and a
number of status codes in I2STAT are possible. There are 0x18, 0x20, or 0x38 for the
master mode and also 0x68, 0x78, or 0xB0 if the slave mode was enabled (AA = logic 1).
The appropriate action to be taken for each of these status codes is detailed in Table 511.
After a repeated START condition (state 0x10). The I2C block may switch to the master
receiver mode by loading I2DAT with SLA+R).

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MT
successful
transmission
to a Slave
Receiver

SLA

DATA

18H

08H

28H

next transfer
started with a
Repeated Start
condition

SLA

10H

Not
Acknowledge
received after
the Slave
address

20H

Not
Acknowledge
received after a
Data byte

to Master
receive
mode,
entry
= MR

30H

arbitration lost
in Slave
address or
Data byte

A OR A

other Master
continues

A OR A

38H

arbitration lost
and
addressed as
Slave

other Master
continues

38H

other Master
continues

68H 78H B0H

to corresponding
states in Slave mode

from Master to Slave

from Slave to Master

DATA

any number of data bytes and their associated Acknowledge bits

this number (contained in I2STA) corresponds to a defined state of the

I2C bus

Fig 115. Format and states in the Master Transmitter mode

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22.9.2 Master Receiver mode

In the master receiver mode, a number of data bytes are received from a slave transmitter
(see Figure 116). The transfer is initialized as in the master transmitter mode. When the
START condition has been transmitted, the interrupt service routine must load I2DAT with
the 7-bit slave address and the data direction bit (SLA+R). The SI bit in I2CON must then
be cleared before the serial transfer can continue.
When the slave address and the data direction bit have been transmitted and an
acknowledgment bit has been received, the serial interrupt flag (SI) is set again, and a
number of status codes in I2STAT are possible. These are 0x40, 0x48, or 0x38 for the
master mode and also 0x68, 0x78, or 0xB0 if the slave mode was enabled (AA = 1). The
appropriate action to be taken for each of these status codes is detailed in Table 512. After
a repeated START condition (state 0x10), the I2C block may switch to the master
transmitter mode by loading I2DAT with SLA+W.

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MR

successful
transmission to
a Slave
transmitter

08H

SLA

DATA

40H

DATA

50H

58H

next transfer
started with a
Repeated Start
condition

SLA

10H
Not Acknowledge
received after the
Slave address

48H
to Master
transmit
mode, entry
= MT

arbitration lost in
Slave address or
Acknowledge bit

other Master
continues

A OR A

38H

arbitration lost
and addressed
as Slave

other Master
continues

38H

other Master
continues

68H 78H B0H

to corresponding
states in Slave
mode

from Master to Slave

from Slave to Master

DATA

any number of data bytes and their associated

Acknowledge bits
this number (contained in I2STA) corresponds to a defined state of
the I2C bus

Fig 116. Format and states in the Master Receiver mode

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Chapter 22: LPC178x/7x I2C-bus interfaces

22.9.3 Slave Receiver mode

In the slave receiver mode, a number of data bytes are received from a master transmitter
(see Figure 117). To initiate the slave receiver mode, I2CON register, the I2ADR registers,
and the I2MASK registers must be configured.
The values on the four I2ADR registers combined with the values on the four I2MASK
registers determines which address or addresses the I2C block will respond to when slave
functions are enabled. See sections 22.7.2, 22.7.3, 22.8.7, and 22.8.8 for details.
Table 510. I2CONSET used to initialize Slave Receiver mode
Bit

Symbol

I2EN

STA

STO

SI

AA

Value

The I2C-bus rate settings do not affect the I2C block in the slave mode. I2EN must be set
to logic 1 to enable the I2C block. The AA bit must be set to enable the I2C block to
acknowledge its own slave address or the General Call address. STA, STO, and SI must
be reset.
When the I2ADR, I2MASK, and I2CON registers have been initialized, the I2C block waits
until it is addressed by its own slave address followed by the data direction bit which must
be 0 (W) for the I2C block to operate in the slave receiver mode. After its own slave
address and the W bit have been received, the serial interrupt flag (SI) is set and a valid
status code can be read from I2STAT. This status code is used to vector to a state service
routine. The appropriate action to be taken for each of these status codes is detailed in
Table 513. The slave receiver mode may also be entered if arbitration is lost while the I2C
block is in the master mode (see status 0x68 and 0x78).
If the AA bit is reset during a transfer, the I2C block will return a not acknowledge (logic 1)
to SDA after the next received data byte. While AA is reset, the I2C block does not
respond to its own slave address or a General Call address. However, the I2C-bus is still
monitored and address recognition may be resumed at any time by setting AA. This
means that the AA bit may be used to temporarily isolate the I2C block from the I2C-bus.

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reception of the own

Slave address and one
or more Data bytes all
are acknowledged

SLA

DATA

60H

DATA

80H

last data byte

received is Not
acknowledged

P OR S

80H

A0H

P OR S

88H
arbitration lost as
Master and addressed
as Slave

68H

reception of the
General Call address
and one or more Data
bytes

GENERAL CALL

DATA

70h

DATA

90h

last data byte is Not

acknowledged

P OR S

90h

A0H

P OR S

98h
arbitration lost as
Master and addressed
as Slave by General
Call

78h

from Master to Slave

from Slave to Master

DATA

any number of data bytes and their associated Acknowledge bits

this number (contained in I2STA) corresponds to a defined state of the 2IC

bus

Fig 117. Format and states in the Slave Receiver mode

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22.9.4 Slave Transmitter mode

In the slave transmitter mode, a number of data bytes are transmitted to a master receiver
(see Figure 118). Data transfer is initialized as in the slave receiver mode. When I2ADR
and I2CON have been initialized, the I2C block waits until it is addressed by its own slave
address followed by the data direction bit which must be 1 (R) for the I2C block to
operate in the slave transmitter mode. After its own slave address and the R bit have been
received, the serial interrupt flag (SI) is set and a valid status code can be read from
I2STAT. This status code is used to vector to a state service routine, and the appropriate
action to be taken for each of these status codes is detailed in Table 514. The slave
transmitter mode may also be entered if arbitration is lost while the I2C block is in the
master mode (see state 0xB0).
If the AA bit is reset during a transfer, the I2C block will transmit the last byte of the transfer
and enter state 0xC0 or 0xC8. The I2C block is switched to the not addressed slave mode
and will ignore the master receiver if it continues the transfer. Thus the master receiver
receives all 1s as serial data. While AA is reset, the I2C block does not respond to its own
slave address or a General Call address. However, the I2C-bus is still monitored, and
address recognition may be resumed at any time by setting AA. This means that the AA
bit may be used to temporarily isolate the I2C block from the I2C-bus.

reception of the own

Slave address and
one or more Data
bytes all are
acknowledged

SLA

DATA

A8H

arbitration lost as
Master and
addressed as Slave

DATA

B8H

P OR S

C0H

B0H

last data byte

transmitted. Switched
to Not Addressed
Slave (AA bit in
I2CON = 0)

ALL ONES

P OR S

C8H

from Master to Slave

from Slave to Master

DATA

any number of data bytes and their associated

Acknowledge bits

this number (contained in I2STA) corresponds to a defined state of

the I2C bus

Fig 118. Format and states in the Slave Transmitter mode

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22.9.5 Detailed state tables

The following tables show detailed state information for the four I2C operating modes.
Table 511. Master Transmitter mode
I2CSTAT Status of the
Status
I2C-bus and
Code
hardware

Next action taken by I2C hardware

Application software response

To/From I2DAT

To I2CON
STA STO SI

AA

0x08

A START condition
Load SLA+W; clear
has been transmitted. STA

SLA+W will be transmitted; ACK bit will

be received.

0x10

A repeated START
condition has been
transmitted.

Load SLA+W or

As above.

Load SLA+R; Clear

STA

SLA+W will be transmitted; the I2C block

will be switched to MST/REC mode.

SLA+W has been

Load data byte or
transmitted; ACK has
been received.
No I2DAT action or

Data byte will be transmitted; ACK bit will

be received.

Repeated START will be transmitted.

No I2DAT action or

STOP condition will be transmitted; STO

flag will be reset.

No I2DAT action

STOP condition followed by a START

condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset.

Load data byte or

Data byte will be transmitted; ACK bit will

be received.

No I2DAT action or

Repeated START will be transmitted.

No I2DAT action or

STOP condition will be transmitted; STO

flag will be reset.

No I2DAT action

STOP condition followed by a START

condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset.

Data byte will be transmitted; ACK bit will

be received.

Repeated START will be transmitted.

STOP condition will be transmitted; STO

flag will be reset.

STOP condition followed by a START

condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset.

Data byte will be transmitted; ACK bit will

be received.

Repeated START will be transmitted.

STOP condition will be transmitted; STO

flag will be reset.

No I2DAT action

STOP condition followed by a START

condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset.

No I2DAT action or

I2C-bus will be released; not addressed

slave will be entered.

No I2DAT action

A START condition will be transmitted

when the bus becomes free.

0x18

0x20

0x28

SLA+W has been

transmitted; NOT
ACK has been
received.

Data byte in I2DAT

Load data byte or
has been transmitted;
ACK has been
No I2DAT action or
received.
No I2DAT action or
No I2DAT action

0x30

0x38

Data byte in I2DAT

Load data byte or
has been transmitted;
NOT ACK has been No I2DAT action or
received.
No I2DAT action or

Arbitration lost in
SLA+R/W or Data
bytes.

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Table 512. Master Receiver mode

I2CSTAT Status of the
Status
I2C-bus and
Code
hardware

Next action taken by I2C hardware

Application software response

To/From I2DAT

To I2CON
STA STO SI

AA

0x08

A START condition
Load SLA+R
has been transmitted.

0x10

A repeated START
condition has been
transmitted.

Load SLA+R or

As above.

Load SLA+W

SLA+W will be transmitted; the I2C block

will be switched to MST/TRX mode.

Arbitration lost in
NOT ACK bit.

No I2DAT action or

I2C-bus will be released; the I2C block will

enter a slave mode.

No I2DAT action

A START condition will be transmitted

when the bus becomes free.

Data byte will be received; NOT ACK bit

will be returned.

Data byte will be received; ACK bit will be

returned.

No I2DAT action or

Repeated START condition will be

transmitted.

No I2DAT action or

STOP condition will be transmitted; STO

flag will be reset.

No I2DAT action

STOP condition followed by a START

condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset.

Data byte has been

received; ACK has
been returned.

Read data byte or

Data byte will be received; NOT ACK bit

will be returned.

Read data byte

Data byte will be received; ACK bit will be

returned.

Data byte has been

received; NOT ACK
has been returned.

Read data byte or

Repeated START condition will be

transmitted.

Read data byte or

STOP condition will be transmitted; STO

flag will be reset.

Read data byte

STOP condition followed by a START

condition will be transmitted; STO flag will
be reset.

0x38

0x40

0x48

0x50

0x58

SLA+R has been

No I2DAT action or
transmitted; ACK has
been received.
No I2DAT action
SLA+R has been
transmitted; NOT
ACK has been
received.

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Table 513. Slave Receiver mode

I2CSTAT Status of the I2C-bus
Status
and hardware
Code

Application software response

0x60

No I2DAT action X
or

Data byte will be received and NOT ACK

will be returned.

No I2DAT action X

Data byte will be received and ACK will be

returned.

No I2DAT action X
or

Data byte will be received and NOT ACK

will be returned.

No I2DAT action X

Data byte will be received and ACK will be

returned.

No I2DAT action X
or

Data byte will be received and NOT ACK

will be returned.

No I2DAT action X

Data byte will be received and ACK will be

returned.

No I2DAT action X
or

Data byte will be received and NOT ACK

will be returned.

No I2DAT action X

Data byte will be received and ACK will be

returned.

Data byte will be received and NOT ACK

will be returned.

Data byte will be received and ACK will be

returned.

Read data byte

or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no

recognition of own SLA or General Call
address.

Read data byte

or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode;

Own SLA will be recognized; General Call
address will be recognized if
I2ADR[0] = logic 1.

Read data byte

or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no

recognition of own SLA or General Call
address. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free.

Read data byte

Switched to not addressed SLV mode;

Own SLA will be recognized; General Call
address will be recognized if
I2ADR[0] = logic 1. A START condition will
be transmitted when the bus becomes
free.

Read data byte

or

Data byte will be received and NOT ACK

will be returned.

Read data byte

Data byte will be received and ACK will be

returned.

0x68

0x70

0x78

0x80

0x88

0x90

Own SLA+W has been

received; ACK has been
returned.
Arbitration lost in
SLA+R/W as master;
Own SLA+W has been
received, ACK returned.
General Call address
(0x00) has been
received; ACK has been
returned.
Arbitration lost in
SLA+R/W as master;
General Call address
has been received, ACK
has been returned.

To/From I2DAT To I2CON

STA STO SI

Previously addressed
Read data byte
with own SLA address;
or
DATA has been received; Read data byte
ACK has been returned.
Previously addressed
with own SLA; DATA
byte has been received;
NOT ACK has been
returned.

Previously addressed
with General Call; DATA
byte has been received;
ACK has been returned.

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Table 513. Slave Receiver mode

I2CSTAT Status of the I2C-bus
Status
and hardware
Code

Application software response

0x98

0xA0

Previously addressed
with General Call; DATA
byte has been received;
NOT ACK has been
returned.

A STOP condition or
repeated START
condition has been
received while still
addressed as Slave
Receiver or Slave
Transmitter.

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Next action taken by I2C hardware

To/From I2DAT To I2CON

STA STO SI

AA

Read data byte

or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no

recognition of own SLA or General Call
address.

Read data byte

or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode;

Own SLA will be recognized; General Call
address will be recognized if
I2ADR[0] = logic 1.

Read data byte

or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no

recognition of own SLA or General Call
address. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free.

Read data byte

Switched to not addressed SLV mode;

Own SLA will be recognized; General Call
address will be recognized if
I2ADR[0] = logic 1. A START condition will
be transmitted when the bus becomes
free.

No STDAT
action or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no

recognition of own SLA or General Call
address.

No STDAT
action or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode;

Own SLA will be recognized; General Call
address will be recognized if
I2ADR[0] = logic 1.

No STDAT
action or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no

recognition of own SLA or General Call
address. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free.

No STDAT
action

Switched to not addressed SLV mode;

Own SLA will be recognized; General Call
address will be recognized if
I2ADR[0] = logic 1. A START condition will
be transmitted when the bus becomes
free.

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Table 514. Slave Transmitter mode

I2CSTAT Status of the I2C-bus
Status
and hardware
Code

0xA8

0xB0

0xB8

0xC0

0xC8

Next action taken by I2C hardware

Application software response

To/From I2DAT

To I2CON
STA STO SI

AA

Own SLA+R has been Load data byte or

received; ACK has
been returned.
Load data byte

Last data byte will be transmitted and ACK

bit will be received.

Data byte will be transmitted; ACK will be

received.

Arbitration lost in
Load data byte or
SLA+R/W as master;
Own SLA+R has been Load data byte
received, ACK has
been returned.

Last data byte will be transmitted and ACK

bit will be received.

Data byte will be transmitted; ACK bit will

be received.

Data byte in I2DAT has Load data byte or

been transmitted; ACK
has been received.
Load data byte

Last data byte will be transmitted and ACK

bit will be received.

Data byte will be transmitted; ACK bit will

be received.

Data byte in I2DAT has No I2DAT action

been transmitted; NOT or
ACK has been
received.
No I2DAT action
or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no

recognition of own SLA or General Call
address.

Switched to not addressed SLV mode;

Own SLA will be recognized; General Call
address will be recognized if
I2ADR[0] = logic 1.

No I2DAT action
or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no

recognition of own SLA or General Call
address. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free.

No I2DAT action

Switched to not addressed SLV mode;

Own SLA will be recognized; General Call
address will be recognized if
I2ADR[0] = logic 1. A START condition will
be transmitted when the bus becomes free.

No I2DAT action
or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no

recognition of own SLA or General Call
address.

No I2DAT action
or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode;

Own SLA will be recognized; General Call
address will be recognized if
I2ADR[0] = logic 1.

No I2DAT action
or

Switched to not addressed SLV mode; no

recognition of own SLA or General Call
address. A START condition will be
transmitted when the bus becomes free.

No I2DAT action

01

Switched to not addressed SLV mode;

Own SLA will be recognized; General Call
address will be recognized if
I2ADR.0 = logic 1. A START condition will
be transmitted when the bus becomes free.

Last data byte in

I2DAT has been
transmitted (AA = 0);
ACK has been
received.

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Chapter 22: LPC178x/7x I2C-bus interfaces

22.9.6 Miscellaneous states

There are two I2STAT codes that do not correspond to a defined I2C hardware state (see
Table 515). These are discussed below.

22.9.6.1 I2STAT = 0xF8

This status code indicates that no relevant information is available because the serial
interrupt flag, SI, is not yet set. This occurs between other states and when the I2C block
is not involved in a serial transfer.

22.9.6.2 I2STAT = 0x00

This status code indicates that a bus error has occurred during an I2C serial transfer. A
bus error is caused when a START or STOP condition occurs at an illegal position in the
format frame. Examples of such illegal positions are during the serial transfer of an
address byte, a data byte, or an acknowledge bit. A bus error may also be caused when
external interference disturbs the internal I2C block signals. When a bus error occurs, SI is
set. To recover from a bus error, the STO flag must be set and SI must be cleared. This
causes the I2C block to enter the not addressed slave mode (a defined state) and to
clear the STO flag (no other bits in I2CON are affected). The SDA and SCL lines are
released (a STOP condition is not transmitted).
Table 515. Miscellaneous States
Status
Status of the I2C-bus Application software response
Code
and hardware
To/From I2DAT
To I2CON
(I2CSTAT)
STA STO SI

0xF8

No relevant state
information available;
SI = 0.

No I2DAT action

0x00

Bus error during MST No I2DAT action

or selected slave
modes, due to an
illegal START or
STOP condition. State
0x00 can also occur
when interference
causes the I2C block
to enter an undefined
state.

Next action taken by I2C hardware

AA

No I2CON action

Wait or proceed current transfer.

Only the internal hardware is affected in

the MST or addressed SLV modes. In all
cases, the bus is released and the I2C
block is switched to the not addressed
SLV mode. STO is reset.

22.9.7 Some special cases

The I2C hardware has facilities to handle the following special cases that may occur
during a serial transfer:

22.9.7.1 Simultaneous repeated START conditions from two masters

A repeated START condition may be generated in the master transmitter or master
receiver modes. A special case occurs if another master simultaneously generates a
repeated START condition (see Figure 119). Until this occurs, arbitration is not lost by
either master since they were both transmitting the same data.

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If the I2C hardware detects a repeated START condition on the I2C-bus before generating
a repeated START condition itself, it will release the bus, and no interrupt request is
generated. If another master frees the bus by generating a STOP condition, the I2C block
will transmit a normal START condition (state 0x08), and a retry of the total serial data
transfer can commence.

22.9.7.2 Data transfer after loss of arbitration

Arbitration may be lost in the master transmitter and master receiver modes (see
Figure 113). Loss of arbitration is indicated by the following states in I2STAT; 0x38, 0x68,
0x78, and 0xB0 (see Figure 115 and Figure 116).
If the STA flag in I2CON is set by the routines which service these states, then, if the bus
is free again, a START condition (state 0x08) is transmitted without intervention by the
CPU, and a retry of the total serial transfer can commence.

22.9.7.3 Forced access to the I2C-bus

In some applications, it may be possible for an uncontrolled source to cause a bus
hang-up. In such situations, the problem may be caused by interference, temporary
interruption of the bus or a temporary short-circuit between SDA and SCL.
If an uncontrolled source generates a superfluous START or masks a STOP condition,
then the I2C-bus stays busy indefinitely. If the STA flag is set and bus access is not
obtained within a reasonable amount of time, then a forced access to the I2C-bus is
possible. This is achieved by setting the STO flag while the STA flag is still set. No STOP
condition is transmitted. The I2C hardware behaves as if a STOP condition was received
and is able to transmit a START condition. The STO flag is cleared by hardware
Figure 120.

22.9.7.4 I2C-bus obstructed by a LOW level on SCL or SDA

An I2C-bus hang-up can occur if either the SDA or SCL line is held LOW by any device on
the bus. If the SCL line is obstructed (pulled LOW) by a device on the bus, no further serial
transfer is possible, and the problem must be resolved by the device that is pulling the
SCL bus line LOW.
Typically, the SDA line may be obstructed by another device on the bus that has become
out of synchronization with the current bus master by either missing a clock, or by sensing
a noise pulse as a clock. In this case, the problem can be solved by transmitting additional
clock pulses on the SCL line Figure 121. The I2C interface does not include a dedicated
timeout timer to detect an obstructed bus, but this can be implemented using another
timer in the system. When detected, software can force clocks (up to 9 may be required)
on SCL until SDA is released by the offending device. At that point, the slave may still be
out of synchronization, so a START should be generated to insure that all I2C peripherals
are synchronized.

22.9.7.5 Bus error

A bus error occurs when a START or STOP condition is detected at an illegal position in
the format frame. Examples of illegal positions are during the serial transfer of an address
byte, a data bit, or an acknowledge bit.

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The I2C hardware only reacts to a bus error when it is involved in a serial transfer either as
a master or an addressed slave. When a bus error is detected, the I2C block immediately
switches to the not addressed slave mode, releases the SDA and SCL lines, sets the
interrupt flag, and loads the status register with 0x00. This status code may be used to
vector to a state service routine which either attempts the aborted serial transfer again or
simply recovers from the error condition as shown in Table 515.

SLA

08H

DATA

18H

OTHER MASTER
CONTINUES

SLA

08H

28H

other Master sends

repeated START earlier

retry

Fig 119. Simultaneous repeated START conditions from two masters

time limit
STA flag

STO flag
SDA line

SCL line
start
condition

Fig 120. Forced access to a busy I2C-bus

STA flag
(2)
(1)

SDA line

(3)

(1)

SCL line
start
condition

(1) Unsuccessful attempt to send a START condition.

(2) SDA line is released.
(3) Successful attempt to send a START condition. State 08H is entered.

Fig 121. Recovering from a bus obstruction caused by a LOW level on SDA

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22.9.8 I2C state service routines

This section provides examples of operations that must be performed by various I2C state
service routines. This includes:

Initialization of the I2C block after a Reset.

I2C Interrupt Service
The 26 state service routines providing support for all four I2C operating modes.
22.9.8.1 Initialization
In the initialization example, the I2C block is enabled for both master and slave modes.
For each mode, a buffer is used for transmission and reception. The initialization routine
performs the following functions:

The I2ADR registers and I2MASK registers are loaded with values to configure the
parts own slave address(es) and the General Call bit (GC)

The I2C interrupt enable and interrupt priority bits are set
The slave mode is enabled by simultaneously setting the I2EN and AA bits in I2CON
and the serial clock frequency (for master modes) is defined by loading the I2SCLH
and I2SCLL registers. The master routines must be started in the main program.
The I2C hardware now begins checking the I2C-bus for its own slave address and General
Call. If the General Call or the own slave address is detected, an interrupt is requested
and I2STAT is loaded with the appropriate state information.

22.9.8.2 I2C interrupt service

When the I2C interrupt is entered, I2STAT contains a status code which identifies one of
the 26 state services to be executed.

22.9.8.3 The state service routines

Each state routine is part of the I2C interrupt routine and handles one of the 26 states.

22.9.8.4 Adapting state services to an application

The state service examples show the typical actions that must be performed in response
to the 26 I2C state codes. If one or more of the four I2C operating modes are not used, the
associated state services can be omitted, as long as care is taken that the those states
can never occur.
In an application, it may be desirable to implement some kind of timeout during I2C
operations, in order to trap an inoperative bus or a lost service routine.

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Chapter 22: LPC178x/7x I2C-bus interfaces

22.10 Software example

22.10.1 Initialization routine
Example to initialize I2C Interface as a Slave and/or Master.
1. Load the I2ADR registers and I2MASK registers with values to configure the own
Slave Address, enable General Call recognition if needed.
2. Enable I2C interrupt.
3. Write 0x44 to I2CONSET to set the I2EN and AA bits, enabling Slave functions. For
Master only functions, write 0x40 to I2CONSET.

22.10.2 Start Master Transmit function

Begin a Master Transmit operation by setting up the buffer, pointer, and data count, then
initiating a START.
1. Initialize Master data counter.
2. Set up the Slave Address to which data will be transmitted, and add the Write bit.
3. Write 0x20 to I2CONSET to set the STA bit.
4. Set up data to be transmitted in Master Transmit buffer.
5. Initialize the Master data counter to match the length of the message being sent.
6. Exit

22.10.3 Start Master Receive function

Begin a Master Receive operation by setting up the buffer, pointer, and data count, then
initiating a START.
1. Initialize Master data counter.
2. Set up the Slave Address to which data will be transmitted, and add the Read bit.
3. Write 0x20 to I2CONSET to set the STA bit.
4. Set up the Master Receive buffer.
5. Initialize the Master data counter to match the length of the message to be received.
6. Exit

22.10.4 I2C interrupt routine

Determine the I2C state and which state routine will be used to handle it.
1. Read the I2C status from I2STA.
2. Use the status value to branch to one of 26 possible state routines.

22.10.5 Non mode specific states

22.10.5.1 State: 0x00
Bus Error. Enter not addressed Slave mode and release bus.

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1. Write 0x14 to I2CONSET to set the STO and AA bits.

2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Exit

22.10.5.2 Master States

State 0x08 and State 0x10 are for both Master Transmit and Master Receive modes. The
R/W bit decides whether the next state is within Master Transmit mode or Master Receive
mode.

22.10.5.3 State: 0x08

A START condition has been transmitted. The Slave Address + R/W bit will now be
transmitted.
1. Write Slave Address with R/W bit to I2DAT.
2. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
3. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
4. Set up Master Transmit mode data buffer.
5. Set up Master Receive mode data buffer.
6. Initialize Master data counter.
7. Exit

22.10.5.4 State: 0x10

A repeated START condition has been transmitted. The Slave Address + R/W bit will now
be transmitted.
1. Write Slave Address with R/W bit to I2DAT.
2. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
3. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
4. Set up Master Transmit mode data buffer.
5. Set up Master Receive mode data buffer.
6. Initialize Master data counter.
7. Exit

22.10.6 Master Transmitter states

22.10.6.1 State: 0x18
Previous state was State 0x08 or State 0x10, Slave Address + Write has been transmitted,
ACK has been received. The first data byte will be transmitted.
1. Load I2DAT with first data byte from Master Transmit buffer.
2. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
3. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
4. Increment Master Transmit buffer pointer.
5. Exit
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22.10.6.2 State: 0x20

Slave Address + Write has been transmitted, NOT ACK has been received. A STOP
condition will be transmitted.
1. Write 0x14 to I2CONSET to set the STO and AA bits.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Exit

22.10.6.3 State: 0x28

Data has been transmitted, ACK has been received. If the transmitted data was the last
data byte then transmit a STOP condition, otherwise transmit the next data byte.
1. Decrement the Master data counter, skip to step 5 if not the last data byte.
2. Write 0x14 to I2CONSET to set the STO and AA bits.
3. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
4. Exit
5. Load I2DAT with next data byte from Master Transmit buffer.
6. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
7. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
8. Increment Master Transmit buffer pointer
9. Exit

22.10.6.4 State: 0x30

Data has been transmitted, NOT ACK received. A STOP condition will be transmitted.
1. Write 0x14 to I2CONSET to set the STO and AA bits.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Exit

22.10.6.5 State: 0x38

Arbitration has been lost during Slave Address + Write or data. The bus has been
released and not addressed Slave mode is entered. A new START condition will be
transmitted when the bus is free again.
1. Write 0x24 to I2CONSET to set the STA and AA bits.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Exit

22.10.7 Master Receive states

22.10.7.1 State: 0x40
Previous state was State 08 or State 10. Slave Address + Read has been transmitted,
ACK has been received. Data will be received and ACK returned.
1. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
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3. Exit

22.10.7.2 State: 0x48

Slave Address + Read has been transmitted, NOT ACK has been received. A STOP
condition will be transmitted.
1. Write 0x14 to I2CONSET to set the STO and AA bits.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Exit

22.10.7.3 State: 0x50

Data has been received, ACK has been returned. Data will be read from I2DAT. Additional
data will be received. If this is the last data byte then NOT ACK will be returned, otherwise
ACK will be returned.
1. Read data byte from I2DAT into Master Receive buffer.
2. Decrement the Master data counter, skip to step 5 if not the last data byte.
3. Write 0x0C to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag and the AA bit.
4. Exit
5. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
6. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
7. Increment Master Receive buffer pointer
8. Exit

22.10.7.4 State: 0x58

Data has been received, NOT ACK has been returned. Data will be read from I2DAT. A
STOP condition will be transmitted.
1. Read data byte from I2DAT into Master Receive buffer.
2. Write 0x14 to I2CONSET to set the STO and AA bits.
3. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
4. Exit

22.10.8 Slave Receiver states

22.10.8.1 State: 0x60
Own Slave Address + Write has been received, ACK has been returned. Data will be
received and ACK returned.
1. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Set up Slave Receive mode data buffer.
4. Initialize Slave data counter.
5. Exit

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22.10.8.2 State: 0x68

Arbitration has been lost in Slave Address and R/W bit as bus Master. Own Slave Address
+ Write has been received, ACK has been returned. Data will be received and ACK will be
returned. STA is set to restart Master mode after the bus is free again.
1. Write 0x24 to I2CONSET to set the STA and AA bits.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Set up Slave Receive mode data buffer.
4. Initialize Slave data counter.
5. Exit.

22.10.8.3 State: 0x70

General Call has been received, ACK has been returned. Data will be received and ACK
returned.
1. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Set up Slave Receive mode data buffer.
4. Initialize Slave data counter.
5. Exit

22.10.8.4 State: 0x78

Arbitration has been lost in Slave Address + R/W bit as bus Master. General Call has
been received and ACK has been returned. Data will be received and ACK returned. STA
is set to restart Master mode after the bus is free again.
1. Write 0x24 to I2CONSET to set the STA and AA bits.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Set up Slave Receive mode data buffer.
4. Initialize Slave data counter.
5. Exit

22.10.8.5 State: 0x80

Previously addressed with own Slave Address. Data has been received and ACK has
been returned. Additional data will be read.
1. Read data byte from I2DAT into the Slave Receive buffer.
2. Decrement the Slave data counter, skip to step 5 if not the last data byte.
3. Write 0x0C to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag and the AA bit.
4. Exit.
5. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
6. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
7. Increment Slave Receive buffer pointer.
8. Exit

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22.10.8.6 State: 0x88

Previously addressed with own Slave Address. Data has been received and NOT ACK
has been returned. Received data will not be saved. Not addressed Slave mode is
entered.
1. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Exit

22.10.8.7 State: 0x90

Previously addressed with General Call. Data has been received, ACK has been returned.
Received data will be saved. Only the first data byte will be received with ACK. Additional
data will be received with NOT ACK.
1. Read data byte from I2DAT into the Slave Receive buffer.
2. Write 0x0C to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag and the AA bit.
3. Exit

22.10.8.8 State: 0x98

Previously addressed with General Call. Data has been received, NOT ACK has been
returned. Received data will not be saved. Not addressed Slave mode is entered.
1. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Exit

22.10.8.9 State: 0xA0

A STOP condition or repeated START has been received, while still addressed as a
Slave. Data will not be saved. Not addressed Slave mode is entered.
1. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Exit

22.10.9 Slave Transmitter states

22.10.9.1 State: 0xA8
Own Slave Address + Read has been received, ACK has been returned. Data will be
transmitted, ACK bit will be received.
1. Load I2DAT from Slave Transmit buffer with first data byte.
2. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
3. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
4. Set up Slave Transmit mode data buffer.
5. Increment Slave Transmit buffer pointer.
6. Exit
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22.10.9.2 State: 0xB0

Arbitration lost in Slave Address and R/W bit as bus Master. Own Slave Address + Read
has been received, ACK has been returned. Data will be transmitted, ACK bit will be
received. STA is set to restart Master mode after the bus is free again.
1. Load I2DAT from Slave Transmit buffer with first data byte.
2. Write 0x24 to I2CONSET to set the STA and AA bits.
3. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
4. Set up Slave Transmit mode data buffer.
5. Increment Slave Transmit buffer pointer.
6. Exit

22.10.9.3 State: 0xB8

Data has been transmitted, ACK has been received. Data will be transmitted, ACK bit will
be received.
1. Load I2DAT from Slave Transmit buffer with data byte.
2. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
3. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
4. Increment Slave Transmit buffer pointer.
5. Exit

22.10.9.4 State: 0xC0

Data has been transmitted, NOT ACK has been received. Not addressed Slave mode is
entered.
1. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Exit.

22.10.9.5 State: 0xC8

The last data byte has been transmitted, ACK has been received. Not addressed Slave
mode is entered.
1. Write 0x04 to I2CONSET to set the AA bit.
2. Write 0x08 to I2CONCLR to clear the SI flag.
3. Exit

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Chapter 23: LPC178x/7x I2S interface
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23.1 Basic configuration

The I2S interface is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCI2S.
Remark: On reset, the I2S interface is disabled (PCI2S = 0).

2. Peripheral clock: The functional portion of the I2S interface operates from the CPU
clock (CCLK), rather than PCLK. The bus interface operates from the common PCLK
for APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4.
3. Pins: Select I2S pins and their modes in the relevant IOCON registers (see
Section 8.4.1).
4. Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.
5. DMA: The I2S interface supports two DMA requests, see Table 523 and Table 524,
and Table 664.

23.2 Features
The I2S bus provides a standard communication interface for digital audio applications.
The I2S bus specification defines a 3-wire serial bus, having one data, one clock, and one
word select signal. The basic I2S connection has one master, which is always the master,
and one slave. The I2S interface on the LPC178x/177x provides a separate transmit and
receive channel, each of which can operate as either a master or a slave, and an optional
oversample master clock output (MCLK).

The I2S input can operate in both master and slave mode.
The I2S output can operate in both master and slave mode, independent of the input.
Capable of handling 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit word sizes.
Mono and stereo audio data supported.
Versatile clocking includes independent transmit and receive fractional rate
generators, and an ability to use a single clock input or output for a 4-wire mode.

Sampling frequencies (fs) supported include standard 16 to 96 kHz ranges (16, 22.05,
32, 44.1, 48, or 96 kHz) for audio applications, and above, depending on the clock
frequency.

Separate Master Clock outputs for both transmit and receive channels support a clock
up to 512 times the I2S sampling frequency.

Word Select period in master mode is separately configurable for I2S input and output.
Two 8 word (32 byte) FIFO data buffers, one set each for transmit and receive.
Generates interrupt requests when buffer levels cross a programmable boundary.
Two DMA requests, controlled by programmable buffer levels. These are connected
to the General Purpose DMA block.

Controls include reset, stop and mute options separately for I2S input and I2S output.
Optional MCLK (oversample) output.
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23.3 Description
The I2S performs serial data out via the transmit channel and serial data in via the receive
channel. These support the NXP Inter IC Audio format for 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit audio
data, both for stereo and mono modes. Configuration, data access and control is
performed by a APB register set. Data streams are buffered by FIFOs with a depth of
8 words.
The I2S receive and transmit stage can operate independently in either slave or master
mode. Within the I2S module the difference between these modes lies in the word select
(WS) signal which determines the timing of data transmissions. Data words start on the
next falling edge of the transmitting clock after a WS change. In stereo mode when WS is
low left data is transmitted and right data when WS is high. In mono mode the same data
is transmitted twice, once when WS is low and again when WS is high.

In master mode, word select is generated internally with a 9-bit counter. The half
period count value of this counter can be set in the control register.

In slave mode, word select is input from the relevant bus pin.
When an I2S bus is active, the word select, receive clock and transmit clock signals
are sent continuously by the bus master, while data is sent continuously by the
transmitter.

Disabling the I2S can be done with the stop or mute control bits separately for the
transmit and receive.

The stop bit will disable accesses by the transmit channel or the receive channel to
the FIFOs and will place the transmit channel in mute mode.

The mute control bit will place the transmit channel in mute mode. In mute mode, the
transmit channel FIFO operates normally, but the output is discarded and replaced by
zeroes. This bit does not affect the receive channel, data reception can occur
normally.

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Chapter 23: LPC178x/7x I2S interface

23.4 Pin descriptions

Table 516. Pin descriptions
Pin Name

Type

Description

I2S_RX_CLK

Input/
Output

Receive Clock. A clock signal used to synchronize the transfer of data on the receive channel. It
is driven by the master and received by the slave. Corresponds to the signal SCK in the I2S bus
specification.

I2S_RX_WS

Input/
Output

Receive Word Select. Selects the channel from which data is to be received. It is driven by the
master and received by the slave. Corresponds to the signal WS in the I2S bus specification.
WS = 0 indicates that data is being received by channel 1 (left channel).
WS = 1 indicates that data is being received by channel 2 (right channel).

I2S_RX_SDA

Input/
Output

Receive Data. Serial data, received MSB first. It is driven by the transmitter and read by the
receiver. Corresponds to the signal SD in the I2S bus specification.

I2S_RX_MCLK

Output

Optional master clock output for the I2S receive function.

I2S_TX_CLK

Input/
Output

Transmit Clock. A clock signal used to synchronize the transfer of data on the transmit channel.
It is driven by the master and received by the slave. Corresponds to the signal SCK in the I2S
bus specification.

I2S_TX_WS

Input/
Output

Transmit Word Select. Selects the channel to which data is being sent. It is driven by the master
and received by the slave. Corresponds to the signal WS in the I2S bus specification.
WS = 0 indicates that data is being sent to channel 1 (left channel).
WS = 1 indicates that data is being sent to channel 2 (right channel).

I2S_TX_SDA

Input/
Output

Transmit Data. Serial data, sent MSB first. It is driven by the transmitter and read by the
receiver. Corresponds to the signal SD in the I2S bus specification.

I2S_TX_MCLK

Output

Optional master clock output for the I2S transmit function.

SCK: serial clock

TRANSMITTER
(MASTER)

WS: word select

SD: serial data

SCK: serial clock

RECEIVER
(SLAVE)

TRANSMITTER
(SLAVE)

WS: word select

SD: serial data

RECEIVER
(MASTER)

CONTROLLER
(MASTER)
SCK
TRANSMITTER
(SLAVE)

WS
SD

RECEIVER
(SLAVE)

SCK

WS

SD

MSB
word n-1
right channel

LSB
word n
left channel

MSB
word n+1
right channel

Fig 122. Simple I2S configurations and bus timing

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Chapter 23: LPC178x/7x I2S interface

23.5 Register description

Table 517 shows the registers associated with the I2S interface and a summary of their
functions. Following the table are details for each register.
Table 517. I2S register map
Name

Description

I2SDAO

Digital Audio Output Register. Contains control bits for the I2S
transmit channel.

R/W

0x87E1 0x400A 8000

518

I2SDAI

Digital Audio Input Register. Contains control bits for the I2S
receive channel.

R/W

0x07E1 0x400A 8004

519

I2STXFIFO

Transmit FIFO. Access register for the 8 32-bit transmitter

FIFO.

WO

0x400A 8008

520

I2SRXFIFO

Receive FIFO. Access register for the 8 32-bit receiver FIFO.

RO

0x400A 800C

521

I2SSTATE

Status Feedback Register. Contains status information about the

I2S interface.

RO

0x7

0x400A 8010

522

I2SDMA1

DMA Configuration Register 1. Contains control information for

DMA request 1.

R/W

0x400A 8014

523

I2SDMA2

DMA Configuration Register 2. Contains control information for

DMA request 2.

R/W

0x400A 8018

524

I2SIRQ

Interrupt Request Control Register. Contains bits that control

how the I2S interrupt request is generated.

R/W

0x400A 801C

525

I2STXRATE

Transmit reference clock divider. This register determines the

I2S TX_REF rate by specifying the value to divide CCLK by in
order to produce TX_REF.

R/W

0x400A 8020

526

I2SRXRATE

Receive reference clock divider. This register determines the I2S

RX_REF rate by specifying the value to divide CCLK by in order
to produce RX_REF.

R/W

0x400A 8024

527

I2STXBITRATE Transmit bit rate divider. This register determines the I2S
transmit bit rate by specifying the value to divide TX_REF by in
order to produce the transmit bit clock.

R/W

0x400A 8028

528

I2SRXBITRATE Receive bit rate divider. This register determines the I2S receive
bit rate by specifying the value to divide RX_REF by in order to
produce the receive bit clock.

R/W

0x400A 802C

529

I2STXMODE

Transmit mode control.

R/W

0x400A 8030

530

I2SRXMODE

Receive mode control.

R/W

0x400A 8034

531

[1]

Access

Reset
Value[1]

Address

Table

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

23.5.1 Digital Audio Output register (I2SDAO - 0x400A 8000)

The I2SDAO register controls the operation of the I2S transmit channel. The function of
bits in DAO are shown in Table 518.

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Table 518: Digital Audio Output register (I2SDAO - address 0x400A 8000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

1:0

wordwidth

Value Description

Reset
Value

Selects the number of bytes in data as follows:

00

8-bit data

01

16-bit data

10

Reserved, do not use this setting

11

32-bit data

01

mono

When 1, data is of monaural format. When 0, the data is in stereo format.

stop

When 1, disables accesses on FIFOs, places the transmit channel in mute mode.

reset

When 1, asynchronously resets the transmit channel and FIFO.

ws_sel

When 0, the interface is in master mode. When 1, the interface is in slave mode. See 1
Section 23.7 for a summary of useful combinations for this bit with I2STXMODE.

14:6

ws_halfperiod

Word select half period minus 1, i.e. WS 64clk period -> ws_halfperiod = 31.

15

mute

31:16 -

0x1F

When 1, the transmit channel sends only zeroes.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

23.5.2 Digital Audio Input register (I2SDAI - 0x400A 8004)

The I2SDAI register controls the operation of the I2S receive channel. The function of bits
in DAI are shown in Table 519.
Table 519: Digital Audio Input register (I2SDAI - address 0x400A 8004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

1:0

wordwidth

Value Description

Reset
Value

Selects the number of bytes in data as follows:

00

8-bit data

01

16-bit data

10

Reserved, do not use this setting

11

32-bit data

01

mono

When 1, data is of monaural format. When 0, the data is in stereo format.

stop

When 1, disables accesses on FIFOs, places the transmit channel in mute mode.

reset

When 1, asynchronously reset the transmit channel and FIFO.

ws_sel

When 0, the interface is in master mode. When 1, the interface is in slave mode. See 1
Section 23.7 for a summary of useful combinations for this bit with I2SRXMODE.

14:6

ws_halfperiod

Word select half period minus 1, i.e. WS 64clk period -> ws_halfperiod = 31.

0x1F

31:15

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

23.5.3 Transmit FIFO register (I2STXFIFO - 0x400A 8008)

The I2STXFIFO register provides access to the transmit FIFO. The function of bits in
I2STXFIFO are shown in Table 520.
Table 520: Transmit FIFO register (I2STXFIFO - address 0x400A 8008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

31:0

I2STXFIFO

8 32-bit transmit FIFO.

Level = 0

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23.5.4 Receive FIFO register (I2SRXFIFO - 0x400A 800C)

The I2SRXFIFO register provides access to the receive FIFO. The function of bits in
I2SRXFIFO are shown in Table 521.
Table 521: Receive FIFO register (I2RXFIFO - address 0x400A 800C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

31:0 I2SRXFIFO

Description

Reset Value

8 32-bit transmit FIFO.

level = 0

23.5.5 Status Feedback register (I2SSTATE - 0x400A 8010)

The I2SSTATE register provides status information about the I2S interface. The meaning
of bits in I2SSTATE are shown in Table 522.
Table 522: Status Feedback register (I2SSTATE - address 0x400A 8010) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

irq

This bit reflects the presence of Receive Interrupt or Transmit Interrupt. This is determined by
comparing the current FIFO levels to the rx_depth_irq and tx_depth_irq fields in the I2SIRQ
register.

dmareq1

This bit reflects the presence of Receive or Transmit DMA Request 1. This is determined by
comparing the current FIFO levels to the rx_depth_dma1 and tx_depth_dma1 fields in the
I2SDMA1 register.

dmareq2

This bit reflects the presence of Receive or Transmit DMA Request 2. This is determined by
comparing the current FIFO levels to the rx_depth_dma2 and tx_depth_dma2 fields in the
I2SDMA2 register.

7:3

Unused

Unused.

11:8

rx_level

Reflects the current level of the Receive FIFO.

15:12

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

19:16

tx_level

Reflects the current level of the Transmit FIFO.

31:20

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

23.5.6 DMA Configuration Register 1 (I2SDMA1 - 0x400A 8014)

The I2SDMA1 register controls the operation of DMA request 1. The function of bits in
I2SDMA1 are shown in Table 523. Refer to the General Purpose DMA Controller chapter
for details of DMA operation.
Table 523: DMA Configuration register 1 (I2SDMA1 - address 0x400A 8014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

rx_dma1_enable

When 1, enables DMA1 for I2S receive.

I2S

tx_dma1_enable

When 1, enables DMA1 for

7:2

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

11:8

rx_depth_dma1

Set the FIFO level that triggers a receive DMA request on DMA1.

15:12

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

19:16

tx_depth_dma1

Set the FIFO level that triggers a transmit DMA request on DMA1.

31:20

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

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23.5.7 DMA Configuration Register 2 (I2SDMA2 - 0x400A 8018)

The I2SDMA2 register controls the operation of DMA request 2. The function of bits in
I2SDMA2 are shown in Table 518.
Table 524: DMA Configuration register 2 (I2SDMA2 - address 0x400A 8018) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

rx_dma2_enable

When 1, enables DMA1 for I2S receive.

When 1, enables DMA1 for

I2S

tx_dma2_enable

7:2

Unused

Unused.

11:8

rx_depth_dma2

Set the FIFO level that triggers a receive DMA request on DMA2.

15:12

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

19:16

tx_depth_dma2

Set the FIFO level that triggers a transmit DMA request on DMA2.

31:20

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

transmit.

23.5.8 Interrupt Request Control register (I2SIRQ - 0x400A 801C)

The I2SIRQ register controls the operation of the I2S interrupt request. The function of bits
in I2SIRQ are shown in Table 518.
Table 525: Interrupt Request Control register (I2SIRQ - address 0x400A 801C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

rx_Irq_enable

When 1, enables I2S receive interrupt.

tx_Irq_enable

When 1, enables I2S transmit interrupt.

7:2

Unused

Unused.

11:8

rx_depth_irq

Set the FIFO level on which to create an irq request.

15:12

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

19:16

tx_depth_irq

Set the FIFO level on which to create an irq request.

31:20

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

23.5.9 Transmit Clock Rate register (I2STXRATE - 0x400A 8020)

The TX_REF rate for the I2S transmitter is determined by the values in the I2STXRATE
register. The required I2STXRATE setting depends on the desired audio sample rate
desired, the format (stereo/mono) used, and the data size. When the MCLK output is
enabled for the transmit function, it is TX_REF that is sent to the I2S_TX_MCLK pin.
The TX_REF rate is generated using a fractional rate generator, dividing down the
frequency of CCLK. Values of the numerator (X) and the denominator (Y) must be chosen
to produce a frequency twice that desired for TX_REF, which must be an integer multiple
of the transmitter bit clock rate. Fractional rate generators have some aspects that the
user should be aware of when choosing settings. These are discussed in
Section 23.5.9.1. The equation for the fractional rate generator is:
I2S TX_REF = CCLK * (X/Y) /2
Note: If the value of X or Y is 0, the clock divider is bypassed. Also, the value of Y must be
greater than or equal to X.

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Table 526: Transmit Clock Rate register (I2TXRATE - address 0x400A 8020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

7:0

Y_divider

I2S transmit TX_REF rate denominator. This value is used to divide CCLK to produce TX_REF. 0
Eight bits of fractional divide supports a wide range of possibilities. A value of 0 causes the
clock divider to be bypassed.

15:8

X_divider

I2S transmit TX_REF rate numerator. This value is used to multiply CCLK by to produce the
TX_REF. A value of 0 causes the clock divider to be bypassed. Eight bits of fractional divide
supports a wide range of possibilities. Note: the resulting ratio X/Y is divided by 2.

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

23.5.9.1 Notes on fractional rate generators

The nature of a fractional rate generator is that there will be some output jitter with some
divide settings. This is because the fractional rate generator is a fully digital function, so
output clock transitions are synchronous with the source clock, whereas a theoretical
perfect fractional rate may have edges that are not related to the source clock. So, output
jitter will not be greater than plus or minus one source clock between consecutive clock
edges.
For example, if X = 0x07 and Y = 0x11, the fractional rate generator will output 7 clocks for
every 17 (11 hex) input clocks, distributed as evenly as it can. In this example, there is no
way to distribute the output clocks in a perfectly even fashion, so some clocks will be
longer than others. The output is divided by 2 in order to square it up, which also helps
with the jitter. The frequency averages out to exactly (7/17) / 2, but some clocks will be a
slightly different length than their neighbors. It is possible to avoid jitter entirely by
choosing fractions such that X divides evenly into Y, such as 2/4, 2/6, 3/9, 1/N, etc.

23.5.10 Receive Clock Rate register (I2SRXRATE - 0x400A 8024)

The RX_REF rate for the I2S receiver is determined by the values in the I2SRXRATE
register. The required I2SRXRATE setting depends on the CPU clock rate (CCLK) and the
desired RX_REF rate (such as 256 fs). When the MCLK output is enabled for the receive
function, it is RX_REF that is sent to the I2S_RX_MCLK pin.
The RX_REF rate is generated using a fractional rate generator, dividing down the
frequency of CCLK. Values of the numerator (X) and the denominator (Y) must be chosen
to produce a frequency twice that desired for the RX_REF, which must be an integer
multiple of the receiver bit clock rate. Fractional rate generators have some aspects that
the user should be aware of when choosing settings. These are discussed in
Section 23.5.9.1. The equation for the fractional rate generator is:
I2S RX_REF = CCLK * (X/Y) /2
Note: If the value of X or Y is 0, the clock divider is bypassed. Also, the value of Y must be
greater than or equal to X.

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Table 527: Receive Clock Rate register (I2SRXRATE - address 0x400A 8024) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

7:0

Y_divider

I2S receive RX_REF rate denominator. This value is used to divide CCLK to produce RX_REF. 0
Eight bits of fractional divide supports a wide range of possibilities. A value of 0 causes the
clock divider to be bypassed.

15:8

X_divider

I2S receive RX_REF rate numerator. This value is used to multiply CCLK by to produce

RX_REF. A value of 0 causes the clock divider to be bypassed. Eight bits of fractional divide
supports a wide range of possibilities. Note: the resulting ratio X/Y is divided by 2.
31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

23.5.11 Transmit Clock Bit Rate register (I2STXBITRATE - 0x400A 8028)

The bit rate for the I2S transmitter is determined by the value of the I2STXBITRATE
register. The value depends on the audio sample rate desired, and the data size and
format (stereo/mono) used. For example, a 48 kHz sample rate for 16-bit stereo data
requires a bit rate of 48,000162 = 1.536 MHz.
Table 528: Transmit Clock Bit Rate register (I2TXBITRATE - address 0x400A 8028) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

5:0

tx_bitrate

I2S transmit bit rate. This value plus one is used to divide TX_REF to produce the transmit bit
clock.

31:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

23.5.12 Receive Clock Bit Rate register (I2SRXBITRATE - 0x400A 802C)

The bit rate for the I2S receiver is determined by the value of the I2SRXBITRATE register.
The value depends on the audio sample rate, as well as the data size and format used.
The calculation is the same as for I2SRXBITRATE.
Table 529: Receive Clock Rate Bit register (I2SRXBITRATE - address 0x400A 802C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

5:0

rx_bitrate

I2S receive bit rate. This value plus one is used to divide RX_REF to produce the receive bit
clock.

31:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

23.5.13 Transmit Mode Control register (I2STXMODE - 0x400A 8030)

The Transmit Mode Control register contains additional controls for transmit clock source,
enabling the 4-pin mode, how TX_REF is used, and whether the MCLK output is enabled.
See Section 23.7 for a summary of useful mode combinations.

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Table 530: Transmit Mode Control register (I2STXMODE - 0x400A 8030) bit description
Bit

Symbol

1:0

TXCLKSEL

Value Description

Reset
Value

Clock source selection for the transmit bit clock divider.

00

Select the TX fractional rate divider clock output as the source

01

Reserved

10

Select the RX_REF signal as the TX_REF clock source

11

Reserved

TX4PIN

Transmit 4-pin mode selection. When 1, enables 4-pin mode.

TXMCENA

Enable for the TX_MCLK output.

31:4

Output of TX_MCLK to a pin is disabled.

Output of TX_MCLK to a pin is enabled.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

23.5.14 Receive Mode Control register (I2SRXMODE - 0x400A 8034)

The Receive Mode Control register contains additional controls for receive clock source,
enabling the 4-pin mode, and how RX_REF is used. See Section 23.7 for a summary of
useful mode combinations.
Table 531: Receive Mode Control register (I2SRXMODE - 0x400A 8034) bit description
Bit

Symbol

1:0

RXCLKSEL

Value Description

Clock source selection for the receive bit clock divider.

00

RX4PIN

RXMCENA

31:4

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Value

Select the RX fractional rate divider clock output as the source

01

Reserved

10

Select the TX_REF signal as the RX_REF clock source

11

Reserved
Receive 4-pin mode selection. When 1, enables 4-pin mode.

Enable for the RX_MCLK output.

Output of RX_MCLK to a pin is disabled.

Output of RX_MCLK to a pin is enabled.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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23.6 I2S transmit and receive interfaces

The I2S interface can transmit and receive 8-bit, 16-bit or 32-bit stereo or mono audio
information. Some details of I2S implementation are:

When the FIFO is empty, the transmit channel will repeat transmitting the same data
until new data is written to the FIFO.

When mute is true, the data value 0 is transmitted.

When mono is false, two successive data words are respectively left and right data.
Data word length is determined by the wordwidth value in the configuration register.
There is a separate wordwidth value for the receive channel and the transmit channel.
0: word is considered to contain four 8-bit data words.
1: word is considered to contain two 16-bit data words.
3: word is considered to contain one 32-bit data word.

When the transmit FIFO contains insufficient data the transmit channel will repeat
transmitting the last data until new data is available. This can occur when the
microprocessor or the DMA at some time is unable to provide new data fast enough.
Because of this delay in new data there is a need to fill the gap, which is
accomplished by continuing to transmit the last sample. The data is not muted as this
would produce an noticeable and undesirable effect in the sound.

The transmit channel and the receive channel only handle 32-bit aligned words, data
chunks must be clipped or extended to a multiple of 32 bits.
When switching between data width or modes the I2S must be reset via the reset bit in the
control register in order to ensure correct synchronization. It is advisable to set the stop bit
also until sufficient data has been written in the transmit FIFO. Note that when stopped
data output is muted.
All data accesses to FIFOs are 32 bits. Figure 136 shows the possible data sequences.
A data sample in the FIFO consists of:

132 bits in 8-bit or 16-bit stereo modes.

132 bits in mono modes.
232 bits, first left data, second right data, in 32-bit stereo modes.
Data is read from the transmit FIFO after the falling edge of WS, it will be transferred to
the transmit clock domain after the rising edge of WS. On the next falling edge of WS the
left data will be loaded in the shift register and transmitted and on the following rising edge
of WS the right data is loaded and transmitted.
The receive channel will start receiving data after a change of WS. When word select
becomes low it expects this data to be left data, when WS is high received data is
expected to be right data. Reception will stop when the bit counter has reached the limit
set by wordwidth. On the next change of WS the received data will be stored in the
appropriate hold register. When complete data is available it will be written into the receive
FIFO.

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23.7 I2S operating modes

The clocking and WS usage of the I2S interface is configurable. In addition to master and
slave modes, which are independently configurable for the transmitter and the receiver,
several different clock sources are possible, including variations that share the clock
and/or WS between the transmitter and receiver. This last option allows using I2S with
fewer pins, typically four.
Many configurations are possible that are not considered useful, the following tables and
figures give details of the configurations that are most likely to be useful.

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23.7.1 I2S transmit modes

Table 532: I2S transmit modes
I2SDAO I2STXMODE Description
[5]
[3:0]

0000

Typical transmitter master mode. See Figure 123.

The I2S transmit function operates as a master.
The transmit clock source is the fractional rate divider.
The WS used is the internally generated TX_WS.
TX_MCLK is not output on the I2S_TX_MCLK pin.

0010

Transmitter master mode sharing the receiver reference clock. See Figure 124.
The I2S transmit function operates as a master.
The transmit clock source is RX_REF.
The WS used is the internally generated TX_WS.
TX_MCLK is not output on the I2S_TX_MCLK pin.

0100

4-wire transmitter master mode sharing the receiver bit clock and WS. See Figure 125.
The I2S transmit function operates as a master.
The transmit clock source is the RX bit clock.
The WS used is the internally generated RX_WS.
TX_MCLK is not output on the I2S_TX_MCLK pin.

1000

Transmitter master mode with TC_MCLK output. See Figure 123.

The I2S transmit function operates as a master.
The transmit clock source is the fractional rate divider.
The WS used is the internally generated TX_WS.
TX_MCLK is output on the I2S_TX_MCLK pin.

0000

Typical transmitter slave mode. See Figure 126.

The I2S transmit function operates as a slave.
The transmit clock source is the TX_CLK pin.
The WS used is the TX_WS pin.

0010

Transmitter slave mode sharing the receiver reference clock. See Figure 127.
The I2S transmit function operates as a slave.
The transmit clock source is RX_REF.
The WS used is the TX_WS pin.

0100

4-wire transmitter slave mode sharing the receiver bit clock and WS. See Figure 128.
The I2S transmit function operates as a slave.
The transmit clock source is the RX bit clock.
The WS used is RX_WS ref.

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I2STXMODE[3]

(Pin OE)

I2STX_RATE[15:8]
I2STX_RATE[7:0]
X
CCLK
110407

I2S_TX_CLK

I2STXBITRATE[5:0]
Y

8-bit
Fractional
Rate Divider

TX_REF

TX bit clock

(1 to 64)

I2S
peripheral
block
(transmit)

I2S_TX_SDA
TX_WS ref

I2S_TX_WS

Fig 123. Typical transmitter master mode, with or without MCLK output

I2S_TX_CLK

I2STXBITRATE[5:0]
RX_REF

TX bit clock

(1 to 64)
110407

I2S
peripheral
block
(transmit)

I2S_TX_SDA
TX_WS ref

I2S_TX_WS

Fig 124. Transmitter master mode sharing the receiver reference clock

I2S_TX_CLK

RX bit clock

I2S
peripheral
block
(transmit)

I2S_TX_SDA

RX_WS ref

110527

Fig 125. 4-wire transmitter master mode sharing the receiver bit clock and WS

I2S_TX_CLK

I2STXBITRATE[5:0]
TX_REF

TX bit clock

(1 to 64)
110407

I2S
peripheral
block
(transmit)

I2S_TX_SDA
I2S_TX_WS

Fig 126. Typical transmitter slave mode

I2STXBITRATE[5:0]
RX_REF

TX bit clock

(1 to 64)
110407

I2S
peripheral
block
(transmit)

I2S_TX_SDA
I2S_TX_WS

Fig 127. Transmitter slave mode sharing the receiver reference clock

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RX bit clock

I2S
peripheral
block
(transmit)

I2S_TX_SDA

RX_WS ref

110527

Fig 128. 4-wire transmitter slave mode sharing the receiver bit clock and WS

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23.7.2 I2S receive modes

Table 533: I2S receive modes
I2SDAI
[5]

I2SRXMODE Description
[3:0]

0000

Typical receiver master mode. See Figure 129.

The I2S receive function operates as a master.
The receive clock source is the fractional rate divider.
The WS used is the internally generated RX_WS.
RX_MCLK is not output on the I2S_RX_MCLK pin.

0010

Receiver master mode sharing the transmitter reference clock. See Figure 130.
The I2S receive function operates as a master.
The receive clock source is TX_REF.
The WS used is the internally generated RX_WS.
RX_MCLK is not output on the I2S_RX_MCLK pin.

0100

4-wire receiver master mode sharing the transmitter bit clock and WS. See Figure 131.
The I2S receive function operates as a master.
The receive clock source is the TX bit clock.
The WS used is the internally generated TX_WS.
RX_MCLK is not output on the I2S_RX_MCLK pin.

1000

Receiver master mode with RX_MCLK output. See Figure 129.

The I2S receive function operates as a master.
The receive clock source is the fractional rate divider.
The WS used is the internally generated RX_WS.
RX_MCLK is output on the I2S_RX_MCLK pin.

0000

Typical receiver slave mode. See Figure 132.

The I2S receive function operates as a slave.
The receive clock source is the RX_CLK pin.
The WS used is the RX_WS pin.

0010

Receiver slave mode sharing the transmitter reference clock. See Figure 133.
The I2S receive function operates as a slave.
The receive clock source is TX_REF.
The WS used is the RX_WS pin.

0100

This is a 4-wire receiver slave mode sharing the transmitter bit clock and WS. See Figure 134.
The I2S receive function operates as a slave.
The receive clock source is the TX bit clock.
The WS used is TX_WS ref.

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I2SRXMODE[3]

(Pin OE)

I2S_RX_MCLK
I2SRX_RATE[15:8]
I2SRX_RATE[7:0]

X
CCLK
110407

I2S_RX_CLK

I2SRXBITRATE[5:0]

8-bit
Fractional
Rate Divider

RX_REF

RX bit clock

(1 to 64)

I2S
peripheral
block
(receive) RX_WS ref

I2S_RX_SDA
I2S_RX_WS

Fig 129. Typical receiver master mode, with or without MCLK output

I2S_RX_CLK

I2SRXBITRATE[5:0]
TX_REF

RX bit clock

(1 to 64)
110407

I2S
peripheral
block
(receive) RX_WS ref

I2S_RX_SDA
I2S_RX_WS

Fig 130. Receiver master mode sharing the transmitter reference clock

I2S_RX_CLK

TX bit clock

I2S
peripheral
block
(receive)

I2S_RX_SDA

TX_WS ref

110527

Fig 131. 4-wire receiver master mode sharing the transmitter bit clock and WS

I2S_RX_CLK

I2SRXBITRATE[5:0]
RX_REF

RX bit clock

(1 to 64)
110407

I2S
peripheral
block
(receive)

I2S_RX_SDA
I2S_RX_WS

Fig 132. Typical receiver slave mode

I2SRXBITRATE[5:0]
TX_REF

RX bit clock

(1 to 64)
110407

I2S
peripheral
block
(receive)

I2S_RX_SDA
I2S_RX_WS

Fig 133. Receiver slave mode sharing the transmitter reference clock

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TX bit clock

I2S
peripheral
block
(receive)

I2S_RX_SDA

TX_WS ref

110531

Fig 134. 4-wire receiver slave mode sharing the transmitter bit clock and WS

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23.7.2.1 Overall clocking and pin connections

Figure 135 shows all of the clocking connections and pin connections for the I2S block.

I2SDAO[5]

(Pin OEn)

I2S_TX_CLK
I2STXMODE[3]

(Pin OE)

I2S_TX_MCLK
I2S_TX_SDA

I2STX_RATE[15:8]
I2STX_RATE[7:0]

I2STXMODE[1:0]

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

8-bit
2
0
Fractional
Rate Divider I2SDAO[5]

00 TX_REF
10

TX bit clock

(1 to 64)

I2SDAI[5]
10

I2SRX_RATE[7:0]

00 RX_REF (1 to 64)

RX bit clock

1
I2SRXMODE[1:0]

I2SRXMODE[2]

TX_WS ref

I2S
peripheral
block

I2SRXBITRATE[5:0]

8-bit
Fractional
Rate Divider

1
I2STXBITRATE[5:0]

CCLK

I2S_TX_WS

I2STXMODE[2]

(Pin OEn)

RX_WS ref
I2SRXMODE[2]

I2S_RX_WS
I2SDAI[5]

I2SRX_RATE[15:8]

(Pin OEn)

I2S_RX_SDA
I2S_RX_MCLK
I2SRXMODE[3]

(Pin OE)

I2S_RX_CLK

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Fig 135. I2S clocking and pin connections

I2SDAI[5]

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110601

(Pin OEn)

Chapter 23: LPC178x/7x I2S interface

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I2SDAO[5]

I2STXMODE[2]

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Chapter 23: LPC178x/7x I2S interface

23.8 FIFO controller

Handling of data for transmission and reception is performed via the FIFO controller which
can generate two DMA requests and an interrupt request. The controller consists of a set
of comparators which compare FIFO levels with depth settings contained in registers. The
current status of the level comparators can be seen in the APB status register.
Table 534. Conditions for FIFO level comparison
Level Comparison

Condition

dmareq_tx_1

tx_depth_dma1 >= tx_level

dmareq_rx_1

rx_depth_dma1 <= rx_level

dmareq_tx_2

tx_depth_dma2 >= tx_level

dmareq_rx_2

rx_depth_dma2 <= rx_level

irq_tx

tx_depth_irq >= tx_level

irq_rx

rx_depth_irq <= rx_level

System signaling occurs when a level detection is true and enabled.

Table 535. DMA and interrupt request generation
System Signaling

Condition

irq

(irq_rx & rx_irq_enable) | (irq_tx & tx_irq_enable)

dmareq[0]

(dmareq_tx_1 & tx_dma1_enable ) | (dmareq_rx_1 &

rx_dma1_enable )

dmareq[1]

( dmareq_tx_2 & tx_dma2_enable ) | (dmareq_rx_2 &

rx_dma2_enable )

Table 536. Status feedback in the I2SSTATE register

UM10470

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Status Feedback

Status

irq

irq_rx | irq_tx

dmareq1

(dmareq_tx_1 | dmareq_rx_1)

dmareq2

(dmareq_rx_2 | dmareq_tx_2)

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Chapter 23: LPC178x/7x I2S interface

Mono 8-bit data mode

7

N+3

N+2

15

15

N+1

Stereo 8-bit data mode

7

LEFT + 1

RIGHT + 1

LEFT

RIGHT

Mono 16-bit data mode

15

N+1

Stereo 16-bit data mode

15

LEFT

RIGHT

Mono 32-bit data mode

N

31

Stereo 32-bit data mode

LEFT

31

RIGHT

31

N+1

Fig 136. FIFO contents for various I2S modes

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Chapter 24: LPC178x/7x Timer0/1/2/3
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User manual

24.1 Basic configuration

The Timer 0, 1, 2, and 3 peripherals are configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bits PCTIM0/1/2/3.
Remark: On reset, Timer0/1 are enabled (PCTIM0/1 = 1), and Timer2/3 are disabled
(PCTIM2/3 = 0).

2. Peripheral clock: The timers operate from the common PCLK that clocks both the bus
interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4.
3. Pins: Select timer pins and pin modes through the relevant IOCON registers
(Section 8.4.1).
4. Interrupts: See register T0/1/2/3MCR (Table 542) and T0/1/2/3CCR (Table 543) for
match and capture events. Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate
Interrupt Set Enable register.
5. DMA: Up to two match conditions can be used to generate timed DMA requests, see
Table 664.

24.2 Features
Remark: The four Timer/Counters are identical except for the peripheral base address. A
minimum of two Capture inputs and two Match outputs are pinned out for all four timers,
with a choice of multiple pins for each. Timer 2 brings out all four Match outputs.

A 32-bit Timer/Counter with a programmable 32-bit Prescaler.

Counter or Timer operation
Up to two 32-bit capture channels per timer, that can take a snapshot of the timer
value when an input signal transitions. A capture event may also optionally generate
an interrupt.

Four 32-bit match registers that allow:

Continuous operation with optional interrupt generation on match.
Stop timer on match with optional interrupt generation.
Reset timer on match with optional interrupt generation.

Up to four external outputs corresponding to match registers, with the following

capabilities:
Set low on match.
Set high on match.
Toggle on match.
Do nothing on match.

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Chapter 24: LPC178x/7x Timer0/1/2/3

24.3 Applications
Interval Timer for counting internal events.
Pulse Width Demodulator via Capture inputs.
Free running timer.

24.4 Description
The Timer/Counter is designed to count cycles of the peripheral clock (PCLK) or an
externally-supplied clock, and can optionally generate interrupts or perform other actions
at specified timer values, based on four match registers. It also includes four capture
inputs to trap the timer value when an input signal transitions, optionally generating an
interrupt.

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Chapter 24: LPC178x/7x Timer0/1/2/3

MATCH REGISTER 0
MATCH REGISTER 1
MATCH REGISTER 2
MATCH REGISTER 3
MATCH CONTROL REGISTER
EXTERNAL MATCH REGISTER
INTERRUPT REGISTER

CONTROL
MAT[3:0]
INTERRUPT
CAP[3:0]

=
=

DMA REQUEST[1:0]
=

DMA CLEAR[1:0]
STOP ON MATCH
=

RESET ON MATCH
LOAD[3:0]

CAPTURE CONTROL REGISTER

CSN

CAPTURE REGISTER 0

TIMER COUNTER

CAPTURE REGISTER 1

CE

RESERVED
RESERVED

TCI
PCLK
PRESCALE COUNTER
reset

enable

TIMER CONTROL REGISTER

MAXVAL
PRESCALE REGISTER

Fig 137. Timer block diagram

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Chapter 24: LPC178x/7x Timer0/1/2/3

24.5 Pin description

Table 537 gives a brief summary of each of the Timer/Counter related pins.
Table 537. Timer/Counter pin description
Pin

Type

Description

T0_CAP1:0
T1_CAP1:0
T2_CAP1:0
T3_CAP1:0

Input

Capture Signals- A transition on a capture pin can be configured to load one of the Capture
Registers with the value in the Timer Counter and optionally generate an interrupt. Capture
functionality can be selected from a number of pins. When more than one pin is selected for a
Capture input on a single TIMER0/1 channel, the pin with the lowest Port number is used
Timer/Counter block can select a capture signal as a clock source instead of the PCLK derived
clock. For more details see Section 24.6.3.

T0_MAT1:0
T1_MAT1:0
T2_MAT3:0
T3_MAT1:0

Output

External Match Output - When a match register (MR3:0) equals the timer counter (TC) this output
can either toggle, go low, go high, or do nothing. The External Match Register (EMR) controls the
functionality of this output. Match Output functionality can be selected on a number of pins in
parallel.

24.5.1 Multiple CAP and MAT pins

Software can select from multiple pins for the CAP or MAT functions in the IOCON
registers, which are described in Section 8.4.1. When more than one pin is selected for a
MAT output, all such pins are driven identically. When more than one pin is selected for a
CAP input, the pin with the lowest Port number is used. Note that match conditions may
be used internally without the use of a device pin.

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Chapter 24: LPC178x/7x Timer0/1/2/3

24.6 Register description

Each Timer/Counter contains the registers shown in Table 538 ("Reset Value" refers to the
data stored in used bits only; it does not include reserved bits content). More detailed
descriptions follow.
Table 538. TIMER/COUNTER0-3 register map
Generic Description
Name

Access

Reset
Value[1]

TIMERn Register/
Name & Address

Reference

IR

Interrupt Register. The IR can be written to clear interrupts.

The IR can be read to identify which of the potential
interrupt sources are pending.

R/W

T0IR - 0x4000 4000

T1IR - 0x4000 8000
T2IR - 0x4009 0000
T3IR - 0x4009 4000

24.6.1

TCR

Timer Control Register. The TCR is used to control the

Timer Counter functions. The Timer Counter can be
disabled or reset through the TCR.

R/W

T0TCR - 0x4000 4004

T1TCR - 0x4000 8004
T2TCR - 0x4009 0004
T3TCR - 0x4009 4004

24.6.2

TC

Timer Counter. The 32-bit TC is incremented every PR+1

cycles of PCLK. The TC is controlled through the TCR.

R/W

T0TC - 0x4000 4008

T1TC - 0x4000 8008
T2TC - 0x4009 0008
T3TC - 0x4009 4008

24.6.4

PR

Prescale Register. When the Prescale Counter (below) is

equal to this value, the next clock increments the TC and
clears the PC.

R/W

T0PR - 0x4000 400C

T1PR - 0x4000 800C
T2PR - 0x4009 000C
T3PR - 0x4009 400C

24.6.5

PC

Prescale Counter. The 32-bit PC is a counter which is

incremented to the value stored in PR. When the value in
PR is reached, the TC is incremented and the PC is
cleared. The PC is observable and controllable through the
bus interface.

R/W

T0PC - 0x4000 4010

T1PC - 0x4000 8010
T2PC - 0x4009 0010
T3PC - 0x4009 4010

24.6.6

MCR

Match Control Register. The MCR is used to control if an

interrupt is generated and if the TC is reset when a Match
occurs.

R/W

T0MCR - 0x4000 4014 24.6.8

T1MCR - 0x4000 8014
T2MCR - 0x4009 0014
T3MCR - 0x4009 4014

MR0

Match Register 0. MR0 can be enabled through the MCR

to reset the TC, stop both the TC and PC, and/or generate
an interrupt every time MR0 matches the TC.

R/W

T0MR0 - 0x4000 4018

T1MR0 - 0x4000 8018
T2MR0 - 0x4009 0018
T3MR0 - 0x4009 4018

MR1

Match Register 1. See MR0 description.

R/W

T0MR1 - 0x4000 401C 24.6.7

T1MR1 - 0x4000 801C
T2MR1 - 0x4009 001C
T3MR1 - 0x4009 401C

MR2

Match Register 2. See MR0 description.

R/W

T0MR2 - 0x4000 4020

T1MR2 - 0x4000 8020
T2MR2 - 0x4009 0020
T3MR2 - 0x4009 4020

24.6.7

MR3

Match Register 3. See MR0 description.

R/W

T0MR3 - 0x4000 4024

T1MR3 - 0x4000 8024
T2MR3 - 0x4009 0024
T3MR3 - 0x4009 4024

24.6.7

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Table 538. TIMER/COUNTER0-3 register map

Generic Description
Name

Access

Reset
Value[1]

TIMERn Register/
Name & Address

Reference

CCR

Capture Control Register. The CCR controls which edges

of the capture inputs are used to load the Capture
Registers and whether or not an interrupt is generated
when a capture takes place.

R/W

T0CCR - 0x4000 4028

T1CCR - 0x4000 8028
T2CCR - 0x4009 0028
T3CCR - 0x4009 4028

24.6.10

CR0

Capture Register 0. CR0 is loaded with the value of TC

when there is an event on the Tn_CAP0 input.

RO

T0CR0 - 0x4000 402C

T1CR0 - 0x4000 802C
T2CR0 - 0x4009 002C
T3CR0 - 0x4009 402C

24.6.9

CR1

Capture Register 1. CR1 is loaded with the value of TC

when there is an event on the Tn_CAP1 input.

RO

T0CR1 - 0x4000 4030

T1CR1 - 0x4000 8030
T2CR1 - 0x4009 0030
T3CR1 - 0x4009 4030

24.6.9

EMR

External Match Register. The EMR controls the external

match pins Tn_MAT0-3.

R/W

T0EMR - 0x4000 403C 24.6.11

T1EMR - 0x4000 803C
T2EMR - 0x4009 003C
T3EMR - 0x4009 403C

CTCR

Count Control Register. The CTCR selects between Timer

and Counter mode, and in Counter mode selects the signal
and edge(s) for counting.

R/W

T0CTCR - 0x4000 4070 24.6.3

T1CTCR - 0x4000 8070
T2CTCR - 0x4009 0070
T3CTCR - 0x4009 4070

[1]

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

24.6.1 Interrupt Register (T[0/1/2/3]IR - 0x4000 4000, 0x4000 8000,

0x4009 0000, 0x4009 4000)
The Interrupt Register consists of 4 bits for the match interrupts and 4 bits for the capture
interrupts. If an interrupt is generated then the corresponding bit in the IR will be high.
Otherwise, the bit will be low. Writing a logic one to the corresponding IR bit will reset the
interrupt. Writing a zero has no effect. The act of clearing an interrupt for a timer match
also clears any corresponding DMA request.
Table 539. Interrupt Register (T[0/1/2/3]IR - addresses 0x4000 4000, 0x4000 8000, 0x4009 0000, 0x4009 4000) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

MR0 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for match channel 0.

MR1 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for match channel 1.

MR2 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for match channel 2.

MR3 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for match channel 3.

CR0 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for capture channel 0 event.

CR1 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for capture channel 1 event.

31:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

24.6.2 Timer Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]CR - 0x4000 4004, 0x4000 8004,

0x4009 0004, 0x4009 4004)
The Timer Control Register (TCR) is used to control the operation of the Timer/Counter.

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Table 540. Timer Control Register (TCR, TIMERn: TnTCR - addresses 0x4000 4004, 0x4000 8004, 0x4009 0004,
0x4009 4004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

Counter Enable

When one, the Timer Counter and Prescale Counter are enabled for counting. When 1,
the counters are disabled.

Counter Reset

When one, the Timer Counter and the Prescale Counter are synchronously reset on the
next positive edge of PCLK. The counters remain reset until TCR[1] is returned to zero.

31:2

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

24.6.3 Count Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]CTCR - 0x4000 4070, 0x4000 8070,

0x4009 0070, 0x4009 4070)
The Count Control Register (CTCR) is used to select between Timer and Counter mode,
and in Counter mode to select the pin and edge(s) for counting.
When Counter Mode is chosen as a mode of operation, the CAP input (selected by the
CTCR bits 3:2) is sampled on every rising edge of the PCLK clock. After comparing two
consecutive samples of this CAP input, one of the following four events is recognized:
rising edge, falling edge, either of edges or no changes in the level of the selected CAP
input. Only if the identified event occurs and the event corresponds to the one selected by
bits 1:0 in the CTCR register, will the Timer Counter register be incremented.
Effective processing of the externally supplied clock to the counter has some limitations.
Since two successive rising edges of the PCLK clock are used to identify only one edge
on the CAP selected input, the frequency of the CAP input can not exceed one quarter of
the PCLK clock. Consequently, duration of the high/low levels on the same CAP input in
this case can not be shorter than 1/(2 PCLK).
Table 541. Count Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]CTCR - addresses 0x4000 4070, 0x4000 8070, 0x4009 0070,
0x4009 4070) bit description
Bit

Symbol

1:0

Counter/
Timer
Mode

UM10470

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Value Description

Reset
Value

This field selects which conditions can increment the Timers Prescale Counter (PC), or 00
clear the PC and increment the Timer Counter (TC). The prescaler is bypassed in counter
mode.
00

Timer Mode: the TC is incremented when the Prescale Counter matches the Prescale
Register. The Prescale Counter is incremented on every rising PCLK edge.

01

Counter Mode: TC is incremented on rising edges on the CAP input selected by bits 3:2.

10

Counter Mode: TC is incremented on falling edges on the CAP input selected by bits 3:2.

11

Counter Mode: TC is incremented on both edges on the CAP input selected by bits 3:2.

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Table 541. Count Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]CTCR - addresses 0x4000 4070, 0x4000 8070, 0x4009 0070,
0x4009 4070) bit description
Bit

Symbol

3:2

Count
Input
Select

Value Description

Reset
Value

When bits 1:0 in this register are not 00, these bits select which CAP pin is sampled for
clocking.
00

CAPn.0 for TIMERn

01

CAPn.1 for TIMERn

10

Reserved

11

Reserved

00

Note: If Counter mode is selected for a particular CAPn input in the TnCTCR, the 3 bits
for that input in the Capture Control Register (TnCCR) must be programmed as 000.
However, capture and/or interrupt can be selected for the other 3 CAPn inputs in the
same timer.

31:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

24.6.4 Timer Counter registers (T0TC - T3TC, 0x4000 4008, 0x4000 8008,
0x4009 0008, 0x4009 4008)
The 32-bit Timer Counter register is incremented when the prescale counter reaches its
terminal count. Unless it is reset before reaching its upper limit, the Timer Counter will
count up through the value 0xFFFF FFFF and then wrap back to the value 0x0000 0000.
This event does not cause an interrupt, but a match register can be used to detect an
overflow if needed.

24.6.5 Prescale register (T0PR - T3PR, 0x4000 400C, 0x4000 800C,

0x4009 000C, 0x4009 400C)
The 32-bit Prescale register specifies the maximum value for the Prescale Counter.

24.6.6 Prescale Counter register (T0PC - T3PC, 0x4000 4010, 0x4000 8010,
0x4009 0010, 0x4009 4010)
The 32-bit Prescale Counter controls division of PCLK by some constant value before it is
applied to the Timer Counter. This allows control of the relationship of the resolution of the
timer versus the maximum time before the timer overflows. The Prescale Counter is
incremented on every PCLK. When it reaches the value stored in the Prescale register,
the Timer Counter is incremented and the Prescale Counter is reset on the next PCLK.
This causes the Timer Counter to increment on every PCLK when PR = 0, every 2 pclks
when PR = 1, etc.

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Chapter 24: LPC178x/7x Timer0/1/2/3

24.6.7 Match Registers (MR0 - MR3)

The Match register values are continuously compared to the Timer Counter value. When
the two values are equal, actions can be triggered automatically. The action possibilities
are to generate an interrupt, reset the Timer Counter, or stop the timer. Actions are
controlled by the settings in the MCR register.

24.6.8 Match Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]MCR - 0x4000 4014, 0x4000 8014,

0x4009 0014, 0x4009 4014)
The Match Control Register is used to control what operations are performed when one of
the Match Registers matches the Timer Counter. The function of each of the bits is shown
in Table 542.
Table 542. Match Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]MCR - addresses 0x4000 4014, 0x4000 8014, 0x4009 0014, 0x4009 4014)
bit description
Bit

Symbol Value Description

Reset
Value

MR0I

1
2

MR0R
MR0S

Interrupt on MR0: an interrupt is generated when MR0 matches the value in the TC.

This interrupt is disabled

Reset on MR0: the TC will be reset if MR0 matches it.

Feature disabled.

Stop on MR0: the TC and PC will be stopped and TCR[0] will be set to 0 if MR0 matches
the TC.

Feature disabled.
Interrupt on MR1: an interrupt is generated when MR1 matches the value in the TC.

MR1I

1
0

This interrupt is disabled

MR1R

Reset on MR1: the TC will be reset if MR1 matches it.

Feature disabled.

Stop on MR1: the TC and PC will be stopped and TCR[0] will be set to 0 if MR1 matches
the TC.

Feature disabled.

Interrupt on MR2: an interrupt is generated when MR2 matches the value in the TC.

This interrupt is disabled

Reset on MR2: the TC will be reset if MR2 matches it.

Feature disabled.
Stop on MR2: the TC and PC will be stopped and TCR[0] will be set to 0 if MR2 matches
the TC.

6
7

MR1S

MR2I
MR2R

1
0

Feature disabled.

MR3I

Interrupt on MR3: an interrupt is generated when MR3 matches the value in the TC.

This interrupt is disabled

Reset on MR3: the TC will be reset if MR3 matches it.

10

MR3R

1
0

Feature disabled.

11

MR3S

Stop on MR3: the TC and PC will be stopped and TCR[0] will be set to 0 if MR3 matches
the TC.

Feature disabled.

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0
0

MR2S

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0
0

31:12 -

0
0
0

NA

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Chapter 24: LPC178x/7x Timer0/1/2/3

24.6.9 Capture Registers (CR0 - CR1)

Each Capture register is associated with a device pin and may be loaded with the Timer
Counter value when a specified event occurs on that pin. The settings in the Capture
Control Register register determine whether the capture function is enabled, and whether
a capture event happens on the rising edge of the associated pin, the falling edge, or on
both edges.

24.6.10 Capture Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]CCR - 0x4000 4028, 0x4000 8028,

0x4009 0028, 0x4009 4028)
The Capture Control Register is used to control whether one of the four Capture Registers
is loaded with the value in the Timer Counter when the capture event occurs, and whether
an interrupt is generated by the capture event. Setting both the rising and falling bits at the
same time is a valid configuration, resulting in a capture event for both edges. In the
description below, "n" represents the Timer number, 0 or 1.
Note: If Counter mode is selected for a particular CAP input in the CTCR, the 3 bits for
that input in this register should be programmed as 000, but capture and/or interrupt can
be selected for the other 3 CAP inputs.
Table 543. Capture Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]CCR - addresses 0x4000 4028, 0x4000 8020, 0x4009 0028,
0x4009 4028) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

CAP0RE 1
0

CAP0FE 1

Interrupt on CAPn.0 event: a CR0 load due to a CAPn.0 event will generate an interrupt.

CAP1RE 1

31:6

CAP1FE 1

CAP1I
-

Capture on CAPn.0 falling edge: a sequence of 1 then 0 on CAPn.0 will cause CR0 to be
loaded with the contents of TC.

This feature is disabled.

This feature is disabled.

CAP0I

Capture on CAPn.0 rising edge: a sequence of 0 then 1 on CAPn.0 will cause CR0 to be
loaded with the contents of TC.

0
2

Reset
Value

This feature is disabled.

Capture on CAPn.1 rising edge: a sequence of 0 then 1 on CAPn.1 will cause CR1 to be
loaded with the contents of TC.

This feature is disabled.

Capture on CAPn.1 falling edge: a sequence of 1 then 0 on CAPn.1 will cause CR1 to be
loaded with the contents of TC.

This feature is disabled.

Interrupt on CAPn.1 event: a CR1 load due to a CAPn.1 event will generate an interrupt.

This feature is disabled.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

0
NA

24.6.11 External Match Register (T[0/1/2/3]EMR - 0x4000 403C, 0x4000 803C,

0x4009 003C, 0x4009 403C)
The External Match Register provides both control and status of the external match pins.
In the descriptions below, n represents the Timer number, 0 or 1, and m represent a
Match number, 0 through 3.

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Chapter 24: LPC178x/7x Timer0/1/2/3

Match events for Match 0 and Match 1 in each timer can cause a DMA request, see
Section 24.6.12.
Table 544. External Match Register (T[0/1/2/3]EMR - addresses 0x4000 403C, 0x4000 803C, 0x4009 003C,
0x4009 403C) bit description
Bit

Symbol Description

Reset
Value

EM0

External Match 0. When a match occurs between the TC and MR0, this bit can either toggle, go
low, go high, or do nothing, depending on bits 5:4 of this register. This bit can be driven onto a
MATn.0 pin, in a positive-logic manner (0 = low, 1 = high).

EM1

External Match 1. When a match occurs between the TC and MR1, this bit can either toggle, go
low, go high, or do nothing, depending on bits 7:6 of this register. This bit can be driven onto a
MATn.1 pin, in a positive-logic manner (0 = low, 1 = high).

EM2

External Match 2. When a match occurs between the TC and MR2, this bit can either toggle, go
low, go high, or do nothing, depending on bits 9:8 of this register. This bit can be driven onto a
MATn.2 pin, in a positive-logic manner (0 = low, 1 = high).

EM3

External Match 3. When a match occurs between the TC and MR3, this bit can either toggle, go
low, go high, or do nothing, depending on bits 11:10 of this register. This bit can be driven onto a
MATn.3 pin, in a positive-logic manner (0 = low, 1 = high).

5:4

EMC0

External Match Control 0. Determines the functionality of External Match 0. Table 545 shows the
encoding of these bits.

00

7:6

EMC1

External Match Control 1. Determines the functionality of External Match 1. Table 545 shows the
encoding of these bits.

00

9:8

EMC2

External Match Control 2. Determines the functionality of External Match 2. Table 545 shows the
encoding of these bits.

00

11:10 EMC3

External Match Control 3. Determines the functionality of External Match 3. Table 545 shows the
encoding of these bits.

00

15:12 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Table 545. External Match Control

EMR[11:10], EMR[9:8],
EMR[7:6], or EMR[5:4]

Function

00

Do Nothing.

01

Clear the corresponding External Match bit/output to 0 (MATn.m pin is LOW if pinned out).

10

Set the corresponding External Match bit/output to 1 (MATn.m pin is HIGH if pinned out).

11

Toggle the corresponding External Match bit/output.

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Chapter 24: LPC178x/7x Timer0/1/2/3

24.6.12 DMA operation

DMA requests are generated by a match of the Timer Counter (TC) register value to either
Match Register 0 (MR0) or Match Register 1 (MR1). This is not connected to the operation
of the Match outputs controlled by the EMR register. Each match sets a DMA request flag,
which is connected to the DMA controller. In order to have an effect, the GPDMA must be
configured and the relevant timer DMA request selected as a DMA source via the
DMAREQSEL register, see Section 34.5.15.
When a timer is initially set up to generate a DMA request, the request may already be
asserted before a match condition occurs. An initial DMA request may be avoided by
having software write a one to the interrupt flag location, as if clearing a timer interrupt.
See Section 24.6.1. A DMA request will be cleared automatically when it is acted upon by
the GPDMA controller.
Note: because timer DMA requests are generated whenever the timer value is equal to
the related Match Register value, DMA requests are always generated when the timer is
running, unless the Match Register value is higher than the upper count limit of the timer.
It is important not to select and enable timer DMA requests in the GPDMA block unless
the timer is correctly configured to generate valid DMA requests.

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Chapter 24: LPC178x/7x Timer0/1/2/3

24.7 Example timer operation

Figure 138 shows a timer configured to reset the count and generate an interrupt on
match. The prescaler is set to 2 and the match register set to 6. At the end of the timer
cycle where the match occurs, the timer count is reset. This gives a full length cycle to the
match value. The interrupt indicating that a match occurred is generated in the next clock
after the timer reached the match value.
Figure 139 shows a timer configured to stop and generate an interrupt on match. The
prescaler is again set to 2 and the match register set to 6. In the next clock after the timer
reaches the match value, the timer enable bit in TCR is cleared, and the interrupt
indicating that a match occurred is generated.

PCLK
prescale
counter

timer
counter

1
0

1
1

timer counter
reset
interrupt

Fig 138. A timer cycle in which PR=2, MRx=6, and both interrupt and reset on match are enabled.

PCLK
prescale counter
timer counter
TCR[0]
(counter enable)

2
4

1
5
1

0
6
0

interrupt

Fig 139. A timer Cycle in Which PR=2, MRx=6, and both interrupt and stop on match are enabled

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Chapter 25: LPC178x/7x System Tick timer
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25.1 Basic configuration

The System Tick Timer is configured using the following registers:
1. Clock Source: Select either the internal CCLK or external STCLK (pin P3[26]) clock as
the source in the STCTRL register.
2. Pins: If STCLK (pin P3[26]) was selected as clock source enable the STCLK pin
function in the relevant IOCON register (Section 8.4.1).
3. Interrupt: The System Tick Timer Interrupt is enabled in the NVIC using the
appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register. The Systick interrupt is hard-wired within the
Cortex-M3 as exception 15. Refer to the NVIC chapter (Section 6.1) and the
Cortex-M3 User Guide appended to this manual (Section 39.4.2)

25.2 Features
Times intervals of 10 milliseconds
Dedicated exception vector
Can be clocked internally by the CPU clock or by a clock input from a pin (STCLK)

3. Description
The System Tick Timer is an integral part of the Cortex-M3. The System Tick Timer is
intended to generate a fixed 10 millisecond interrupt for use by an operating system or
other system management software.
Since the System Tick Timer is a part of the Cortex-M3, it facilitates porting of software by
providing a standard timer that is available on Cortex-M3 based devices.
Refer to the Cortex-M3 User Guide appended to this manual (Section 39.4.4) for details of
System Tick Timer operation.

25.4 Operation
The System Tick Timer is a 24-bit timer that counts down to zero and generates an
interrupt. The intent is to provide a fixed 10 millisecond time interval between interrupts.
The System Tick Timer may be clocked either from the CPU clock or from the external pin
STCLK. The STCLK function shares pin P3[26] with other functions, and must be selected
for use as the System Tick Timer clock. In order to generate recurring interrupts at a
specific interval, the STRELOAD register must be initialized with the correct value for the
desired interval. A default value is provided in the STCALIB register and may be changed
by software. The default value gives a 10 millisecond interrupt rate if the CPU clock is set
to 100 MHz.
The block diagram of the System Tick Timer is shown below in the Figure 140.

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Chapter 25: LPC178x/7x System Tick timer

STCALIB
STRELOAD

load data

STCURR
24-bit down counter

cclk
STCLK pin

private
peripheral
bus

clock
D

under- count
flow enable

load

ENABLE
CLKSOURCE
STCTRL
COUNTFLAG

TICKINT
System Tick
interrupt

Fig 140. System Tick Timer block diagram

25.5 Register description

Table 546. System Tick Timer register map
Access Reset value[1]

Name

Description

STCTRL

System Timer Control and status register

R/W

STRELOAD

System Timer Reload value register

R/W

STCURR

System Timer Current value register

R/W

STCALIB

System Timer Calibration value register

R/W

[1]

Address

Table

0x4

0xE000 E010

547

0xE000 E014

548

0xE000 E018

549

0x000F 423F

0xE000 E01C

550

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include content of reserved bits.

25.5.1 System Timer Control and status register (STCTRL - 0xE000 E010)
The STCTRL register contains control information for the System Tick Timer, and provides
a status flag.
Table 547. System Timer Control and status register (STCTRL - 0xE000 E010) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

ENABLE

System Tick counter enable. When 1, the counter is enabled. When 0,

the counter is disabled.

TICKINT

System Tick interrupt enable. When 1, the System Tick interrupt is

0
enabled. When 0, the System Tick interrupt is disabled. When enabled,
the interrupt is generated when the System Tick counter counts down to
0.

CLKSOURCE

System Tick clock source selection. When 1, the CPU clock is selected.
When 0, the external clock pin (STCLK) is selected.

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Chapter 25: LPC178x/7x System Tick timer

Table 547. System Timer Control and status register (STCTRL - 0xE000 E010) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

15:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

16

COUNTFLAG

System Tick counter flag. This flag is set when the System Tick counter
counts down to 0, and is cleared by reading this register.

31:17

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

25.5.2 System Timer Reload value register (STRELOAD - 0xE000 E014)

The STRELOAD register is set to the value that will be loaded into the System Tick Timer
whenever it counts down to zero. This register is loaded by software as part of timer
initialization. The STCALIB register may be read and used as the value for STRELOAD if
the CPU or external clock is running at the frequency intended for use with the STCALIB
value.
Table 548. System Timer Reload value register (STRELOAD - 0xE000 E014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

23:0

RELOAD

This is the value that is loaded into the System Tick counter when it
counts down to 0.

31:24

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

25.5.3 System Timer Current value register (STCURR - 0xE000 E018)

The STCURR register returns the current count from the System Tick counter when it is
read by software.
Table 549. System Timer Current value register (STCURR - 0xE000 E018) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

23:0

CURRENT

Reading this register returns the current value of the System Tick
counter. Writing any value clears the System Tick counter and the
COUNTFLAG bit in STCTRL.

31:24

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

25.5.4 System Timer Calibration value register (STCALIB - 0xE000 E01C)

The STCALIB register contains a value that is initialized by the Boot Code to a factory
programmed value that is appropriate for generating an interrupt every 10 milliseconds if
the System Tick Timer is clocked at a frequency of 100 MHz. This is the intended use of
the System Tick Timer by ARM. It can be used to generate interrupts at other frequencies
by selecting the correct reload value.

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Chapter 25: LPC178x/7x System Tick timer

Table 550. System Timer Calibration value register (STCALIB - 0xE000 E01C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

23:0

TENMS

Reload value to get a 10 millisecond System Tick underflow rate when running at 100
MHz. This value initialized at reset with a factory supplied value selected for the
LPC178x/177x. The provided values of TENMS, SKEW, and NOREF are applicable only
when using a CPU clock or external STCLK source of 100 MHz.

0x0F 423F

29:24 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

30

Indicates whether the TENMS value will generate a precise 10 millisecond time, or an
approximation. This bit is initialized at reset with a factory supplied value selected for the
LPC178x/177x. See the description of TENMS above.

SKEW

When 0, the value of TENMS is considered to be precise. When 1, the value of TENMS is
not considered to be precise.
31

NOREF

Indicates whether an external reference clock is available. This bit is initialized at reset
with a factory supplied value selected for the LPC178x/177x. See the description of
TENMS above.

When 0, a separate reference clock is available. When 1, a separate reference clock is

not available.

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Chapter 25: LPC178x/7x System Tick timer

25.6 Example timer calculations

The following examples illustrate selecting System Tick Timer values for different system
configurations. All of the examples calculate an interrupt interval of 10 milliseconds, as the
System Tick Timer is intended to be used.
Example 1)

This example is for the System Tick Timer running from the CPU clock (cclk), which is
100 MHz.
STCTRL = 7. This enables the timer and its interrupt, and selects cclk as the clock source.
RELOAD = (cclk / 100) - 1 = 1,000,000 - 1 = 999,999 = 0xF423F
In this case, there is no rounding error, so the result is as accurate as cclk.
Example 2)

This example is for the System Tick Timer running from the CPU clock (cclk), which is
80 MHz.
STCTRL = 7. This enables the timer and its interrupt, and selects cclk as the clock source.
RELOAD = (cclk / 100) - 1 = 800,000 - 1 = 799,999 = 0xC34FF
In this case, there is no rounding error, so the result is as accurate as cclk.
Example 3)

This example is for the CPU clock (cclk) is taken from the Internal RC Oscillator (IRC),
factory trimmed to 4 MHz.
STCTRL = 7. This enables the timer and its interrupt, and selects cclk as the clock source.
RELOAD = (FIRC / 100) - 1 = 40,000 - 1 = 39,999 = 0x9C3F
In this case, there is no rounding error, so the result is as accurate as the IRC.
Example 4)

This example is for the System Tick Timer running from an external clock source (the
STCLK pin), which in this case happens to be 32.768 kHz.
STCTRL = 3. This enables the timer and its interrupt, and selects the STCLK pin as the
clock source. STCLK must be selected as the function of the relevant pin. See
Section 8.4.1.
RELOAD = (cclk / 100) - 1 = 327.6 - 1 = 327 (rounded up) = 0x0147
In this case, there is rounding error, so the interrupt rate will drift slightly relative to the
input frequency.

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)
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26.1 Basic configuration

The PWM is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCPWM1.
Remark: On reset, PWM1 is enabled (PCPWM1 = 1) and PWM0 is disabled
(PCPWM1 = 0).

2. Peripheral clock: The PWMs operate from the common PCLK that clocks both the bus
interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4.
3. Pins: Select PWM pins and pin modes for port pins with PWM functions through the
relevant IOCON registers (Section 8.4.1).
4. Interrupts: See registers PWMMCR (Table 557) and PWMCCR (Table 558) for match
and capture events. Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt
Set Enable register.

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

26.2 Features
The two PWMs have the same operational features. The PWMs may be operated in a
synchronized fashion by setting them both up to run at the same rate, then enabling
both simultaneously. PWM0 acts as the Master and PWM1 as the slave for this use.

Counter or Timer operation (may use the peripheral clock or one of the capture inputs
as the clock source).

Seven match registers allow up to 6 single edge controlled or 3 double edge

controlled PWM outputs, or a mix of both types. The match registers also allow:
Continuous operation with optional interrupt generation on match.
Stop timer on match with optional interrupt generation.
Reset timer on match with optional interrupt generation.

Supports single edge controlled and/or double edge controlled PWM outputs. Single
edge controlled PWM outputs all go high at the beginning of each cycle unless the
output is a constant low. Double edge controlled PWM outputs can have either edge
occur at any position within a cycle. This allows for both positive going and negative
going pulses.

Pulse period and width can be any number of timer counts. This allows complete
flexibility in the trade-off between resolution and repetition rate. All PWM outputs will
occur at the same repetition rate.

Double edge controlled PWM outputs can be programmed to be either positive going
or negative going pulses.

Match register updates are synchronized with pulse outputs to prevent generation of
erroneous pulses. Software must "release" new match values before they can
become effective.

May be used as a standard timer if the PWM mode is not enabled.

A 32 bit Timer/Counter with a programmable 32 bit Prescaler.
A transition on a capture input signal can trigger a snapshot of the 32-bit timer value.
A capture event may also optionally generate an interrupt.

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

26.3 Description
The PWM function is based on the standard Timer block and inherits all of its features,
although many timer functions are not brought out to package pins. The Timer is designed
to count cycles of the peripheral clock (PCLK) or a capture input and optionally generate
interrupts or perform other actions when specified timer values occur, based on seven
match registers. It also includes capture inputs to save the timer value when an input
signal transitions, and optionally generate an interrupt when those events occur. The
PWM function is in addition to these features, and is based on match register events.
The ability to separately control rising and falling edge locations allows the PWM to be
used for more applications. For instance, multi-phase motor control typically requires
three non-overlapping PWM outputs with individual control of all three pulse widths and
positions.
Two match registers can be used to provide a single edge controlled PWM output. One
match register (MR0) controls the PWM cycle rate, by resetting the count upon match.
The other match register controls the PWM edge position. Additional single edge
controlled PWM outputs require only one match register each, since the repetition rate is
the same for all PWM outputs. Multiple single edge controlled PWM outputs will all have a
rising edge at the beginning of each PWM cycle, when an MR0 match occurs.
Three match registers can be used to provide a PWM output with both edges controlled.
Again, the MR0 match register controls the PWM cycle rate. The other match registers
control the two PWM edge positions. Additional double edge controlled PWM outputs
require only two match registers each, since the repetition rate is the same for all PWM
outputs.
With double edge controlled PWM outputs, specific match registers control the rising and
falling edge of the output. This allows both positive going PWM pulses (when the rising
edge occurs prior to the falling edge), and negative going PWM pulses (when the falling
edge occurs prior to the rising edge).
Figure 141 shows the block diagram of the PWM. The portions that have been added to
the standard timer block are on the right hand side and at the top of the diagram. At the
lower left of the diagram may be found the Master Enable output from the Timer Control
register that allows the Master PWM (PWM0) to enable both itself and the Slave PWM
(PWM1) at the same time, if desired. The Master Enable output from PWM0 is connected
to the external enable input of both PWM blocks.

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

MATCH
REGISTER 0

SHADOW REGISTER 0
LOAD ENABLE

MATCH
REGISTER 1

SHADOW REGISTER 1
LOAD ENABLE

MATCH
REGISTER 2

SHADOW REGISTER 2
LOAD ENABLE

MATCH
REGISTER 3

SHADOW REGISTER 3
LOAD ENABLE

MATCH
REGISTER 4

Match 0

SHADOW REGISTER 4
LOAD ENABLE

MATCH
REGISTER 5

SHADOW REGISTER 5
LOAD ENABLE

MATCH
REGISTER 6

EN

Match 1

SHADOW REGISTER 6
LOAD ENABLE

PWM1
PWMENA1

PWMSEL2
MUX

EN

PWM2
PWMENA2

Match 2
Match 0

PWMSEL3
LOAD ENABLE REGISTER

CLEAR

PWM3
MUX

MATCH CONTROL REGISTER

EN

PWMENA3

Match 3

INTERRUPT REGISTER

PWMSEL4
MUX

CONTROL
=

M[6:0]
=

CAPTURE[1:0]

EN

PWMSEL5

STOP ON MATCH

MUX

RESET ON MATCH

LOAD[1:0]

PWM4
PWMENA4

Match 4

INTERRUPT

EN

PWMENA5

Match 5

PWM5

PWMSEL6
CAPTURE CONTROL REGISTER

PWM6
MUX

CSN

CAPTURE REGISTER 0

TIMER COUNTER

CAPTURE REGISTER 1
RESERVED

EN

PWMENA6

Match 6

CE

RESERVED

TCI
master
disable

PRESCALE COUNTER

reset

enable

TIMER CONTROL REGISTER

PWMENA1..6

PWMSEL2..6

MAXVAL
PRESCALE REGISTER

PWM CONTROL REGISTER

Fig 141. PWM block diagram

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

26.4 Sample waveform with rules for single and double edge control
A sample of how PWM values relate to waveform outputs is shown in Figure 142. PWM
output logic is shown in Figure 141 that allows selection of either single or double edge
controlled PWM outputs via the muxes controlled by the PWMSELn bits. The match
register selections for various PWM outputs is shown in Table 551. This implementation
supports up to N-1 single edge PWM outputs or (N-1)/2 double edge PWM outputs, where
N is the number of match registers and outputs that are implemented. PWM types can be
mixed if desired.

PWM2
PWM4

PWM5

27

41

53

65

78

100
(counter is reset)

The waveforms below show a single PWM cycle and demonstrate PWM outputs under the
following conditions:
The timer is configured for PWM mode (counter resets to 1).
Match 0 is configured to reset the timer/counter when a match event occurs.
All PWM related Match registers are configured for toggle on match.
Control bits PWMSEL2 and PWMSEL4 are set.
The Match register values are as follows:
MR0 = 100 (PWM rate)
MR1 = 41, MR2 = 78 (PWM[2] output)
MR3 = 53, MR4 = 27 (PWM[4] output)
MR5 = 65 (PWM[5] output)

Fig 142. Sample PWM waveforms

Table 551. Set and reset inputs for PWM Flip-Flops
PWM Channel

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Single Edge PWM (PWMSELn = 0)

Double Edge PWM (PWMSELn = 1)

Set by

Set by

Reset by

0[1]

Reset by

Match 1[1]

Match 0

Match 1

Match

Match 0

Match 2

Match 1

Match 2

Match 0

Match 3

Match 2[2]

Match 3[2]

Match 0

Match 4

Match 3

Match 4

4[2]

Match 0

Match 5

Match

Match 0

Match 6

Match 5

Match 5[2]
Match 6

[1]

Identical to single edge mode in this case since Match 0 is the neighboring match register. Essentially,
PWM1 cannot be a double edged output.

[2]

It is generally not advantageous to use PWM channels 3 and 5 for double edge PWM outputs because it
would reduce the number of double edge PWM outputs that are possible. Using PWM[2], PWM[4], and
PWM[6] for double edge PWM outputs provides the most pairings.

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

26.4.1 Rules for Single Edge Controlled PWM Outputs

1. All single edge controlled PWM outputs go high at the beginning of a PWM cycle
unless their match value is equal to 0.
2. Each PWM output will go low when its match value is reached. If no match occurs (i.e.
the match value is greater than the PWM rate), the PWM output remains continuously
high.

26.4.2 Rules for Double Edge Controlled PWM Outputs

Five rules are used to determine the next value of a PWM output when a new cycle is
about to begin:
1. The match values for the next PWM cycle are used at the end of a PWM cycle (a time
point which is coincident with the beginning of the next PWM cycle), except as noted
in rule 3.
2. A match value equal to 0 or the current PWM rate (the same as the Match channel 0
value) have the same effect, except as noted in rule 3. For example, a request for a
falling edge at the beginning of the PWM cycle has the same effect as a request for a
falling edge at the end of a PWM cycle.
3. When match values are changing, if one of the "old" match values is equal to the
PWM rate, it is used again once if the neither of the new match values are equal to 0
or the PWM rate, and there was no old match value equal to 0.
4. If both a set and a clear of a PWM output are requested at the same time, clear takes
precedence. This can occur when the set and clear match values are the same as in,
or when the set or clear value equals 0 and the other value equals the PWM rate.
5. If a match value is out of range (i.e. greater than the PWM rate value), no match event
occurs and that match channel has no effect on the output. This means that the PWM
output will remain always in one state, allowing always low, always high, or
"no change" outputs.

26.5 Pin description

Table 552 gives a brief summary of each of PWM related pins.
Table 552. Pin summary
Pin

Type

Description

PWM0[6:1]

Output

Outputs from PWM0 channels 6 to 1.

PWM0_CAP0

Input

Capture input for PWM0. A transition on the capture pin can be configured to load the
corresponding Capture register with the value of the Timer Counter and optionally generate
an interrupt. Each level on this pin must be at least 1 PCLK in duration in order to guarantee
it is used by the PWM. The maximum usable frequency on the pin is therefore PCLK/2.

PWM1[6:1]

Output

Outputs from PWM1 channels 6 to 1.

PWM1_CAP1:0

Input

Capture inputs for PWM1. A transition on the capture pin can be configured to load the
corresponding Capture register with the value of the Timer Counter and optionally generate
an interrupt.

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

26.6 Register description

Table 553. PWM0 and PWM1 register map
Generic Description
Name

IR

TCR
CTCR

TC

PR
PC
MCR

MR0

MR1

Access

Reset
Value[1]

PWMn Register/
Name & Address

Reference

Interrupt Register. The IR can be written to clear

interrupts, or read to identify which PWM interrupt
sources are pending.

R/W

PWM0IR - 0x4001 4000

26.6.1

Timer Control Register. The TCR is used to control the

Timer Counter functions.

R/W

Count Control Register. The CTCR selects between

Timer and Counter mode, and in Counter mode selects
the signal and edge(s) for counting.

R/W

Timer Counter. The 32 bit TC is incremented every

PR+1 cycles of PCLK. The TC is controlled through the
TCR.

R/W

Prescale Register. Determines how often the PWM

counter is incremented.

R/W

Prescale Counter. Prescaler for the main PWM

counter.

R/W

Match Control Register. The MCR is used to control

whether an interrupt is generated and if the PWM
counter is reset when a Match occurs.

R/W

Match Register 0. Match registers are continuously

compared to the PWM counter in order to control PWM
output edges.

R/W

Match Register 1. See MR0 description.

R/W

PWM1IR - 0x4001 8000

0

PWM0TCR - 0x4001 4004

26.6.2

PWM1TCR 0x4001 8004

0

PWM0CTCR - 0x4001 4070 26.6.3

PWM1CTCR 0x4001 8070

PWM0TC 0x4001 4008

26.6.4

PWM1TC 0x4001 8008

0

PWM0PR 0x4001 400C

26.6.5

PWM1PR 0x4001 800C

0

PWM0PC 0x4001 4010

26.6.6

PWM1PC 0x4001 8010

0

PWM0MCR 0x4001 4014

26.6.7

PWM1MCR 0x4001 8014

0

PWM0MR0 0x4001 4018

26.6.8

PWM1MR0 0x4001 8018

0

PWM0MR1 0x4001 401C

26.6.8

PWM1MR1 0x4001 801C

MR2

Match Register 2. See MR0 description.

R/W

PWM0MR2 0x4001 4020

26.6.8

PWM1MR2 0x4001 8020

MR3

Match Register 3. See MR0 description.

R/W

MR4

Match Register 4. See MR0 description.

R/W

PWM0MR3 0x4001 4024

26.6.8

PWM1MR3 0x4001 8024

PWM0MR 0x4001 4040

26.6.8

PWM1MR 0x4001 8040

MR5

Match Register 5. See MR0 description.

R/W

PWM0MR 0x4001 4044

26.6.8

PWM1MR 0x4001 8044

MR6

Match Register 6. See MR0 description.

R/W

PWM0MR 0x4001 4048

26.6.8

PWM1MR 0x4001 8048

CCR

CR0

Capture Control Register. The CCR controls which

edges of the capture inputs are used to load the
Capture Registers and whether or not an interrupt is
generated for a capture event.

R/W

Capture Register 0. CR0 of PWMn is loaded with the

value of the TC when there is an event on the
PWMn_CAP0 input.

RO

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PWM0CCR 0x4001 4028

26.6.9

PWM1CCR 0x4001 8028

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26.6.10

PWM1CR0 0x4001 802C

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

Table 553. PWM0 and PWM1 register map

Generic Description
Name

Access

Reset
Value[1]

PWMn Register/
Name & Address

Reference

PWM1CR1 0x4001 8030

26.6.10

PWM0PCR 0x4001 404C

26.6.11

CR1

Capture Register 1. See CR0 description.

RO

PCR

PWM Control Register. Enables PWM outputs and

selects either single edge or double edge controlled
PWM outputs.

R/W

Load Enable Register. Enables use of updated PWM

match values.

R/W

LER

[1]

PWM1PCR 0x4001 804C

0

PWM0LER 0x4001 4050

26.6.12

PWM1LER 0x4001 8050

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

26.6.1 PWM Interrupt Register (PWM0IR - 0x4001 4000 and PWM1IR 0x4001 8000)
The PWM Interrupt register consists of eleven bits (Table 554), seven for the match
interrupts and four reserved. If an interrupt is generated then the corresponding bit in the
PWMIR will be high. Otherwise, the bit will be low. Writing a logic one to the corresponding
IR bit will reset the interrupt. Writing a zero has no effect.
Table 554: PWM Interrupt Register (PWM0IR - 0x4001 4000 and PWM1IR - 0x4001 8000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

PWMMR0 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for PWM match channel 0.

PWMMR1 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for PWM match channel 1.

PWMMR2 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for PWM match channel 2.

PWMMR3 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for PWM match channel 3.

PWMCAP0 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for capture input 0

PWMCAP1 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for capture input 1 (available in PWM1IR only; this bit is reserved in
PWM0IR).

7:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

PWMMR4 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for PWM match channel 4.

PWMMR5 Interrupt

Interrupt flag for PWM match channel 5.

10

PWMMR6 Interrupt

15:11 -

Interrupt flag for PWM match channel 6.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

26.6.2 PWM Timer Control Register (PWM0TCR - 0x4001 4004 and

PWM1TCR - 0x4001 8004)
The PWM Timer Control Register (PWMTCR) is used to control the operation of the PWM
Timer Counter. The function of each of the bits is shown in Table 555.
Table 555: PWM Timer Control Register (PWM0TCR - 0x4001 4004 PWM1TCR - 0x4001 8004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Reset
Value

Counter Enable

The PWM Timer Counter and PWM Prescale Counter are enabled for counting.

The counters are disabled.

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

Table 555: PWM Timer Control Register (PWM0TCR - 0x4001 4004 PWM1TCR - 0x4001 8004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Counter Reset

The PWM Timer Counter and the PWM Prescale Counter are synchronously
0
reset on the next positive edge of PCLK. The counters remain reset until this bit is
returned to zero.

Clear reset.

PWM Enable

Master Disable
(PWM0 only)

Reset
Value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

PWM mode is enabled (counter resets to 1). PWM mode causes the shadow
registers to operate in connection with the Match registers. A program write to a
Match register will not have an effect on the Match result until the corresponding
bit in PWMLER has been set, followed by the occurrence of a PWM Match 0
event. Note that the PWM Match register that determines the PWM rate (PWM
Match Register 0 - MR0) must be set up prior to the PWM being enabled.
Otherwise a Match event will not occur to cause shadow register contents to
become effective.

Timer mode is enabled (counter resets to 0).

0

The two PWMs may be synchronized using the Master Disable control bit. The
Master disable bit of the Master PWM (PWM0 module) controls a secondary
enable input to both PWMs, as shown in Figure 141.
This bit has no function in the Slave PWM (PWM1).

7:5

PWM0 is the master, and both PWMs are enabled for counting.

The PWMs are used independently, and the individual Counter Enable bits are
used to control the PWMs.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

26.6.3 PWM Count Control Register (PWM0CTCR - 0x4001 4070 and

PWM1CTCR - 0x4001 8070)
The Count Control Register (CTCR) is used to select between Timer and Counter mode,
and in Counter mode to select the pin and edges for counting. The function of each of the
bits is shown in Table 556.
Table 556: PWM Count control Register (PWM0CTCR - 0x4001 4070 and PWM1CTCR - 0x4001 8070) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

1:0

Counter/
Timer Mode

00: Timer Mode: the TC is incremented when the Prescale Counter matches the Prescale
register.

00

01: Counter Mode: the TC is incremented on rising edges of the PWM_CAP input selected
by bits 3:2.
10: Counter Mode: the TC is incremented on falling edges of the PWM_CAP input selected
by bits 3:2.
11: Counter Mode: the TC is incremented on both edges of the PWM_CAP input selected by
bits 3:2.
3:2

Count Input
Select

When bits 1:0 are not 00, these bits select which PWM_CAP pin carries the signal used to
increment the TC.

00

For PWM0: 00 = PWM0_CAP0 (Other combinations are reserved)

For PWM1: 00 = PWM1_CAP0, 01 = PWM1_CAP1 (Other combinations are reserved)
7:4

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Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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[1]

PWM_CAP input signal frequency must not exceed PCLK/4. When the PWM clock is supplied via the
PWM_CAP pin, at no time can a high or low level of the signal on this pin can last less than 1/(2PCLK).

26.6.4 PWM Timer Counter (PWM0TC - 0x4001 4008 and PWM1TC 0x4001 8008)
The 32-bit PWM Timer Counter is incremented when the Prescale Counter reaches its
terminal count. Unless it is reset before reaching its upper limit, the PWMTC will count up
through the value 0xFFFF FFFF and then wrap back to the value 0x0000 0000. This
event does not cause an interrupt, but a Match register can be used to detect an overflow
if needed.

26.6.5 PWM Prescale Register (PWM0PR - 0x4001 400C and PWM1PR 0x4001 800C)
The 32-bit PWM Prescale Register specifies the maximum value for the PWM Prescale
Counter.

26.6.6 PWM Prescale Counter Register (PWM0PC - 0x4001 4010 and

PWM1PC - 0x4001 8010)
The 32-bit PWM Prescale Counter controls division of PCLK by some constant value
before it is applied to the PWM Timer Counter. This allows control of the relationship of the
resolution of the timer versus the maximum time before the timer overflows. The PWM
Prescale Counter is incremented on every PCLK. When it reaches the value stored in the
PWM Prescale Register, the PWM Timer Counter is incremented and the PWM Prescale
Counter is reset on the next PCLK. This causes the PWM TC to increment on every PCLK
when PWMPR = 0, every 2 PCLKs when PWMPR = 1, etc.

26.6.7 PWM Match Control Register (PWM0MCR - 0x4001 4014 and

PWM1MCR - 0x4001 8014)
The PWM Match Control registers are used to control what operations are performed
when one of the PWM Match registers matches the PWM Timer Counter. The function of
each of the bits is shown in Table 557.
Table 557: Match Control Register (PWM0MCR - 0x4001 4014 and PWM1MCR - 0x4001 8014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

PWMMR0I

Interrupt on PWMMR0: an interrupt is generated when PWMMR0 matches the value in 0

the PWMTC.

This interrupt is disabled.

PWMMR0R 1
0

PWMMR0S 1

PWMMR1I

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Reset
Value

Reset on PWMMR0: the PWMTC will be reset if PWMMR0 matches it.

This feature is disabled.

Stop on PWMMR0: the PWMTC and PWMPC will be stopped and PWMTCR bit 0 will
be set to 0 if PWMMR0 matches the PWMTC.

This feature is disabled

Interrupt on PWMMR1: an interrupt is generated when PWMMR1 matches the value in 0

the PWMTC.

This interrupt is disabled.

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

Table 557: Match Control Register (PWM0MCR - 0x4001 4014 and PWM1MCR - 0x4001 8014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

PWMMR1R 1

PWMMR1S 1

PWMMR2I

This interrupt is disabled.

This interrupt is disabled.

This feature is disabled

Stop on PWMMR3: The PWMTC and PWMPC will be stopped and PWMTCR bit 0 will 0
be set to 0 if PWMMR3 matches the PWMTC.

Interrupt on PWMMR4: An interrupt is generated when PWMMR4 matches the value in 0

the PWMTC.

This interrupt is disabled.

14

PWMMR4S 1

Reset on PWMMR4: the PWMTC will be reset if PWMMR4 matches it.

This feature is disabled.

Stop on PWMMR4: the PWMTC and PWMPC will be stopped and PWMTCR[0] will be 0
set to 0 if PWMMR4 matches the PWMTC.

This feature is disabled

Interrupt on PWMMR5: An interrupt is generated when PWMMR5 matches the value in 0

the PWMTC.

This interrupt is disabled.

16

PWMMR5R 1

17

PWMMR5S 1

Reset on PWMMR5: the PWMTC will be reset if PWMMR5 matches it.

This feature is disabled.

Stop on PWMMR5: the PWMTC and PWMPC will be stopped and PWMTCR[0] will be 0
set to 0 if PWMMR5 matches the PWMTC.

This feature is disabled

Interrupt on PWMMR6: an interrupt is generated when PWMMR6 matches the value in 0

the PWMTC.

This interrupt is disabled.

PWMMR6R 1
0

User manual

This feature is disabled

PWMMR4R 1

UM10470

Reset on PWMMR3: the PWMTC will be reset if PWMMR3 matches it.

13

19

Interrupt on PWMMR3: an interrupt is generated when PWMMR3 matches the value in 0

the PWMTC.

PWMMR3S 1

PWMMR6I

This feature is disabled.

Stop on PWMMR2: the PWMTC and PWMPC will be stopped and PWMTCR bit 0 will
be set to 0 if PWMMR2 matches the PWMTC.

11

18

This feature is disabled

PWMMR3R 1

PWMMR5I

Reset on PWMMR2: the PWMTC will be reset if PWMMR2 matches it.

10

15

Interrupt on PWMMR2: an interrupt is generated when PWMMR2 matches the value in 0

the PWMTC.

PWMMR2S 1

PWMMR4I

This feature is disabled.

Stop on PWMMR1: the PWMTC and PWMPC will be stopped and PWMTCR bit 0 will
be set to 0 if PWMMR1 matches the PWMTC.

12

This feature is disabled.

PWMMR2R 1

PWMMR3I

Reset on PWMMR1: the PWMTC will be reset if PWMMR1 matches it.

Reset
Value

Reset on PWMMR6: the PWMTC will be reset if PWMMR6 matches it.

This feature is disabled.

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

Table 557: Match Control Register (PWM0MCR - 0x4001 4014 and PWM1MCR - 0x4001 8014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

20

PWMMR6S 1

Reset
Value

Stop on PWMMR6: the PWMTC and PWMPC will be stopped and PWMTCR[0] will be 0
set to 0 if PWMMR6 matches the PWMTC.

This feature is disabled

31:21 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

26.6.8 PWM Match Registers (PWM0MR0 to PWM0MR6 and PWM1MR0 to

PWM1MR6)
The 32-bit PWM Match register values are continuously compared to the PWM Timer
Counter value. When the two values are equal, actions can be triggered automatically.
The action possibilities are to generate an interrupt, reset the PWM Timer Counter, or stop
the timer. Actions are controlled by the settings in the PWMMCR register.

26.6.9 PWM Capture Control Register (PWM0CCR - 0x4001 4028 and

PWM1CCR - 0x4001 8028)
The Capture Control register is used to control whether any of the Capture registers is
loaded with the value in the Timer Counter when a capture event occurs on PWM0_CAP0
or PWM1_CAP1:0, and whether an interrupt is generated by the capture event. Setting
both the rising and falling bits at the same time is a valid configuration, resulting in a
capture event for both edges. In the descriptions below, n represents the Timer number,
0 or 1.
Note: If Counter mode is selected for a particular PWM_CAP input in the CTCR, the 3 bits
for that input in this register should be programmed as 000, but capture and/or interrupt
can be selected for the other two PWM_CAP inputs.
Table 558: PWM Capture Control Register (PWM0CCR - 0x4001 4028 and PWM1CCR - 0x4001 8028) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

Capture on
PWMn_CAP0
rising edge

This feature is disabled.

A synchronously sampled rising edge on PWMn_CAP0 will cause CR0 to be loaded

with the contents of the TC.

Capture on
PWMn_CAP0
falling edge

This feature is disabled.

A synchronously sampled falling edge on PWMn_CAP0 will cause CR0 to be loaded

with the contents of TC.

Interrupt on
PWMn_CAP0
event

This feature is disabled.

A CR0 load due to a PWMn_CAP0 event will generate an interrupt.

Capture on
PWMn_CAP1
rising edge[1]

This feature is disabled.

A synchronously sampled rising edge on PWMn_CAP1 will cause CR1 to be loaded

with the contents of the TC.

Capture on
PWMn_CAP1
falling edge[1]

This feature is disabled.

A synchronously sampled falling edge on PWMn_CAP1 will cause CR1 to be loaded

with the contents of TC.

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

Table 558: PWM Capture Control Register (PWM0CCR - 0x4001 4028 and PWM1CCR - 0x4001 8028) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

Interrupt on
PWMn_CAP1
event[1]

This feature is disabled.

A CR1 load due to a PWMn_CAP1 event will generate an interrupt.

31:6 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

NA

Reserved for PWM0.

26.6.10 PWM Capture Registers (PWM0CR0 - 0x4001 402C and

PWM1CR0/CR1- 0x4001 802C/30)
Each 32-bit Capture Register is associated with a device pin and may be loaded with the
PWM Timer Counter value when a specified event occurs on that pin. The settings in the
PWM Capture Control Register register determine whether the capture function is
enabled, and whether a capture event happens on the rising edge of the associated pin,
the falling edge, or on both edges.

26.6.11 PWM Control Registers (PWM0PCR - 0x4001 404C and PWM1PCR

0x4001 804C)
The PWM Control registers are used to enable and select the type of each PWM channel.
The function of each of the bits are shown in Table 559.
Table 559: PWM Control Registers (PWMPCR - 0x4001 404C and PWM1PCR - 0x4001 804C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

1:0

Unused

Unused, always zero.

NA

PWMSEL2

PWM[2] output single/double edge mode control.

Double edge controlled mode is selected.

Single edge controlled mode is selected.

PWMSEL3 1

PWM[3] output edge control. See PWMSEL2 for details.

PWMSEL4 1

PWM[4] output edge control. See PWMSEL2 for details.

PWMSEL5 1

PWM[5] output edge control. See PWMSEL2 for details.

PWMSEL6 1

PWM[6] output edge control. See PWMSEL2 for details.

8:7

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

PWMENA1

PWM[1] output enable control.

The PWM output is disabled.

The PWM output is enabled.

10

PWMENA2

PWM[2] output enable control. See PWMENA1 for details.

11

PWMENA3

PWM[3] output enable control. See PWMENA1 for details.

12

PWMENA4

PWM[4] output enable control. See PWMENA1 for details.

13

PWMENA5

PWM[5] output enable control. See PWMENA1 for details.

14

PWMENA6

PWM[6] output enable control. See PWMENA1 for details.

Unused, always zero.

NA

31:15 Unused

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Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

26.6.12 PWM Latch Enable Register (PWM0LER - 0x4001 4050 and PWM1LER
0x4001 8050)
The PWM Latch Enable registers are used to control the update of the PWM Match
registers when they are used for PWM generation. When software writes to the location of
a PWM Match register while the Timer is in PWM mode, the value is actually held in a
shadow register and not used immediately.
When a PWM Match 0 event occurs (normally also resetting the timer in PWM mode), the
contents of shadow registers will be transferred to the actual Match registers if the
corresponding bit in the Latch Enable register has been set. At that point, the new values
will take effect and determine the course of the next PWM cycle. Once the transfer of new
values has taken place, all bits of the LER are automatically cleared. Until the
corresponding bit in the PWMLER is set and a PWM Match 0 event occurs, any value
written to the PWM Match registers has no effect on PWM operation.
For example, if PWM is configured for double edge operation and is currently running, a
typical sequence of events for changing the timing would be:

Write a new value to the PWM Match1 register.

Write a new value to the PWM Match2 register.
Write to the PWMLER, setting bits 1 and 2 at the same time.
The altered values will become effective at the next reset of the timer (when a PWM
Match 0 event occurs).

The order of writing the two PWM Match registers is not important, since neither value will
be used until after the write to PWMLER. This insures that both values go into effect at the
same time, if that is required. A single value may be altered in the same way if needed.
The function of each of the bits in the PWMLER is shown in Table 560.
Table 560: PWM Latch Enable Register (PWM0LER - 0x4001 4050 and PWM1LER - 0x4001 8050) bit description
Bit Symbol

Description

Enable PWM
Match 0 Latch

PWM MR0 register update control. Writing a one to this bit allows the last value written to the 0
PWM Match Register 0 to be become effective when the timer is next reset by a PWM Match
event. See Section 26.6.7.

Enable PWM
Match 1 Latch

PWM MR1 register update control. See bit 0 for details.

Enable PWM
Match 2 Latch

PWM MR2 register update control. See bit 0 for details.

Enable PWM
Match 3 Latch

PWM MR3 register update control. See bit 0 for details.

Enable PWM
Match 4 Latch

PWM MR4 register update control. See bit 0 for details.

Enable PWM
Match 5 Latch

PWM MR5 register update control. See bit 0 for details.

Enable PWM
Match 6 Latch

PWM MR6 register update control. See bit 0 for details.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

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Reset
Value

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27.1 Basic configuration

The Motor Control PWM is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCMCPWM.
Remark: On reset, the MCPWM is disabled (PCMCPWM = 0).

2. Peripheral clock: The MCPWM operates from the common PCLK that clocks both the
bus interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4.
3. Pins: Select MCPWM pins through and pin modes for port pins with MCPWM
functions through the relevant IOCON registers (Section 8.4.1).
4. Interrupts: See Section 27.9.8. The MCPWM interrupt is enabled in the NVIC using
the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.

27.2 Introduction
The Motor Control PWM (MCPWM) is optimized for three-phase AC and DC motor control
applications, but can be used in many other applications that need timing, counting,
capture, and comparison.

27.3 Description
The MCPWM contains three independent channels, each including:

a 32-bit Timer/Counter (TC)

a 32-bit Limit register (LIM)
a 32-bit Match register (MAT)
a 10-bit dead-time register (DT) and an associated 10-bit dead-time counter
a 32-bit capture register (CAP)
two modulated outputs (MC_A and MC_B) with opposite polarities
a period interrupt, a pulse-width interrupt, and a capture interrupt

Input pins MC_FB0-2 can trigger TC capture or increment a channels TC. A global Abort
input can force all of the channels into A passive state and cause an interrupt.

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Chapter 27: LPC178x/7x Motor control PWM

27.4 Pin description

Table 561 lists the MCPWM pins.
Table 561. Pin summary

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Pin

Type

Description

MC_0A, MC_0B

Outputs A and B for channel 0

MC_1A, MC_1B

Outputs A and B for channel 1

MC_2A, MC_2B

Outputs A and B for channel 2

MC_ABORT

Low-active Fast Abort

MC_FB0, MC_FB1, MC_FB2

Inputs for channels 0, 1, 2

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Chapter 27: LPC178x/7x Motor control PWM

27.5 Block diagram

PCLK

Clock
selection

Event
selection

TC0

Clock
selection

TC1

Event
selection

MC_FB0-2

Clock
selection

Event
selection

TC2

MCCNTCON
MCCAPCON
cntl

RT0

MAT0
(write)

MAT1
(write)

MAT0
(oper)

MAT2
(write)

ACMODE

mux

MAT2
(oper)

LIM1
(write)

ACMODE

LIM2
(write)

LIM1
(oper)

cntl

RT2

mux

MAT1
(oper)

LIM0
(write)
LIM0
(oper)

cntl

RT1

LIM2
(oper)

CAP0

CAP1

CAP2

interrupt
logic
MC_ABORT

mux

ACMODE
DT0
deadtime
counter

ACMODE

DT1
channel
output
control
A0

MCCON

B0

MCCON
MCCP
MC_ABORT

MCINTEN

mux

MCINTF

DT2

deadtime
counter

channel
output
control
A1

MCCON

B1

deadtime
counter

channel
output
control
A2

MCCON

B2

global output control

MC_A0 MC_B0

MC_A1

MC_B1

MC_A2 MC_B2

Fig 143. MCPWM Block Diagram

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Chapter 27: LPC178x/7x Motor control PWM

27.6 Configuring other modules for MCPWM use

Configure the following registers in other modules before using the Motor Control PWM:
1. Power: in the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCMCPWM.
Remark: On reset the MCPWM is disabled (PCMCPWM = 0).
2. Peripheral clock: the MCPWM operates from the common PCLK that clocks both the
bus interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4.
3. Pins: select MCPWM functions and pin modes for these pins through the relevant
IOCON registers (Section 8.4.1).
4. Interrupts: See Section 27.8.3 for motor control PWM related interrupts. Interrupts can
be enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.

27.7 General operation

Section 27.9 includes detailed descriptions of the various modes of MCPWM operation,
but a quick preview here will provide background for the register descriptions below.
The MCPWM includes 3 channels, each of which controls a pair of outputs that in turn can
control something off-chip, like one set of coils in a motor. Each channel includes a
Timer/Counter (TC) register that is incremented by a processor clock (timer mode) or by
an input pin (counter mode).
Each channel has a Limit register that is compared to the TC value, and when a match
occurs the TC is recycled in one of two ways. In edge-aligned mode the TC is reset to
0, while in centered mode a match switches the TC into a state in which it decrements on
each processor clock or input pin transition until it reaches 0, at which time it starts
counting up again.
Each channel also includes a Match register that holds a smaller value than the Limit
register. In edge-aligned mode the channels outputs are switched whenever the TC
matches either the Match or Limit register, while in center-aligned mode they are switched
only when it matches the Match register.
So the Limit register controls the period of the outputs, while the Match register controls
how much of each period the outputs spend in each state. Having a small value in the
Limit register minimizes ripple if the output is integrated into a voltage, and allows the
MCPWM to control devices that operate at high speed.
The downside of small values in the Limit register is that they reduce the resolution of
the duty cycle controlled by the Match register. If you have 8 in the Limit register, the
Match register can only select the duty cycle among 0%, 12.5%, 25%, , 87.5%, or
100%. In general, the resolution of each step in the Match value is 1 divided by the Limit
value.
This trade-off between resolution and period/frequency is inherent in the design of pulse
width modulators.

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Chapter 27: LPC178x/7x Motor control PWM

27.8 Register description

Many registers in the MCPWM have separate read, set, and clear addresses. Reading
such a registers read address (e.g. MCCON) yields the state of the register bits. Writing
ones to the set address (e.g. MCCON_SET) sets register bits, and writing ones to the
clear address (e.g. MCCON_CLR) clears register bits. Other registers are standard
read-write registers.
Table 562. Motor Control Pulse Width Modulator (MCPWM) register map
Name

Description

Access

Reset value

Address

Table

MCCON

PWM Control read address

RO

0x400B 8000

563

MCCON_SET

PWM Control set address

WO

0x400B 8004

564

MCCON_CLR

PWM Control clear address

WO

0x400B 8008

565

MCCAPCON

Capture Control read address

RO

0x400B 800C

566

MCCAPCON_SET

Capture Control set address

WO

0x400B 8010

567

MCCAPCON_CLR

Event Control clear address

WO

0x400B 8014

568

MCTC0

Timer Counter register, channel 0

R/W

0x400B 8018

580

MCTC1

Timer Counter register, channel 1

R/W

0x400B 801C

580

MCTC2

Timer Counter register, channel 2

R/W

0x400B 8020

580

MCLIM0

Limit register, channel 0

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B 8024

581

MCLIM1

Limit register, channel 1

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B 8028

581

MCLIM2

Limit register, channel 2

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B 802C

581

MCMAT0

Match register, channel 0

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B 8030

582

MCMAT1

Match register, channel 1

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B 8034

582

MCMAT2

Match register, channel 2

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B 8038

582

MCDT

Dead time register

R/W

0x3FFF FFFF

0x400B 803C

583

MCCP

Commutation Pattern register

R/W

0x400B 8040

584

MCCAP0

Capture register, channel 0

RO

0x400B 8044

585

MCCAP1

Capture register, channel 1

RO

0x400B 8048

585

MCCAP2

Capture register, channel 2

RO

0x400B 804C

585

MCINTEN

Interrupt Enable read address

RO

0x400B 8050

571

MCINTEN_SET

Interrupt Enable set address

WO

0x400B 8054

572

MCINTEN_CLR

Interrupt Enable clear address

WO

0x400B 8058

573

MCCNTCON

Count Control read address

RO

0x400B 805C

577

MCCNTCON_SET

Count Control set address

WO

0x400B 8060

578

MCCNTCON_CLR

Count Control clear address

WO

0x400B 8064

579

MCINTF

Interrupt flags read address

RO

0x400B 8068

574

MCINTF_SET

Interrupt flags set address

WO

0x400B 806C

575

MCINTF_CLR

Interrupt flags clear address

WO

0x400B 8070

576

MCCAP_CLR

Capture clear address

WO

0x400B 8074

586

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Chapter 27: LPC178x/7x Motor control PWM

27.8.1 MCPWM Control register

27.8.1.1 MCPWM Control read address (MCCON - 0x400B 8000)
The MCCON register controls the operation of all channels of the PWM. This address is
read-only, but the underlying register can be modified by writing to addresses
MCCON_SET and MCCON_CLR.
Table 563. MCPWM Control read address (MCCON - 0x400B 8000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

RUN0

Value Description

Stops/starts timer channel 0.

0

Stop.

Run.

CENTER0

Edge-aligned.

Center-aligned.

POLA0
0

Passive state is LOW, active state is HIGH.

Passive state is HIGH, active state is LOW.

DTE0

DISUP0

Dead-time enabled.
Enable/disable updates of functional registers for channel 0 (see Section 27.9.2).

Functional registers are updated from the write registers at the end of each PWM
cycle.

Functional registers remain the same as long as the timer is running.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

RUN1

Stops/starts timer channel 1.

0

Stop.

Run.

CENTER1
1

15:13

POLA1

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Edge-aligned.
Center-aligned.

Passive state is LOW, active state is HIGH.

Passive state is HIGH, active state is LOW.

Controls the dead-time feature for channel 1.

0

Dead-time disabled.

Dead-time enabled.

DISUP1

Selects polarity of the MC_1A and MC_1B pins.

DTE1

Edge/center aligned operation for channel 1.

0

12

Dead-time disabled.

11

Controls the dead-time feature for channel 0.

7:5

10

Selects polarity of the MC_0A and MC_0B pins.

Edge/center aligned operation for channel 0.

0

0
4

Reset
value

Enable/disable updates of functional registers for channel 1 (see Section 27.9.2).

0

Functional registers are updated from the write registers at the end of each PWM
cycle.

Functional registers remain the same as long as the timer is running.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

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Chapter 27: LPC178x/7x Motor control PWM

Table 563. MCPWM Control read address (MCCON - 0x400B 8000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

16

RUN2

17

Value Description

Stops/starts timer channel 2.

0

Stop.

Run.

CENTER2
1

19

20

Edge/center aligned operation for channel 2.

0

18

Reset
value

POLA2

Edge-aligned.
Center-aligned.
Selects polarity of the MC_2A and MC_2B pins.

Passive state is LOW, active state is HIGH.

Passive state is HIGH, active state is LOW.

DTE2

Controls the dead-time feature for channel 1.

0

Dead-time disabled.

Dead-time enabled.

DISUP2

Enable/disable updates of functional registers for channel 2 (see Section 27.9.2).

0

Functional registers are updated from the write registers at the end of each PWM
cycle.

Functional registers remain the same as long as the timer is running.

28:21

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

29

INVBDC

Controls the polarity of the MC_B outputs for all 3 channels. This bit is typically set
to 1 only in 3-phase DC mode.

30

31

The MC_B outputs have opposite polarity from the MC_A outputs (aside from dead
time).

The MC_B outputs have the same basic polarity as the MC_A outputs. (see
Section 27.9.6)

ACMODE

3-phase AC mode select (see Section 27.9.7).

0

3-phase AC-mode off: Each PWM channel uses its own timer-counter and period
register.

3-phase AC-mode on: All PWM channels use the timer-counter and period register
of channel 0.

DCMODE

3-phase DC mode select (see Section 27.9.6).

0

3-phase DC mode off: PWM channels are independent (unless bit ACMODE = 1)

3-phase DC mode on: The internal MC_0A output is routed through the MCCP (i.e.
a mask) register to all six PWM outputs.

27.8.1.2 MCPWM Control set address (MCCON_SET - 0x400B 8004)

Writing ones to this write-only address sets the corresponding bits in MCCON.
Table 564. MCPWM Control set address (MCCON_SET - 0x400B 8004) bit description
Bit

Description

31:0

Writing ones to this address sets the corresponding bits in the MCCON register. See Table 563.

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Chapter 27: LPC178x/7x Motor control PWM

27.8.1.3 MCPWM Control clear address (MCCON_CLR - 0x400B 8008)

Writing ones to this write-only address clears the corresponding bits in MCCON.
Table 565. MCPWM Control clear address (MCCON_CLR - 0x400B 8008) bit description
Bit

Description

31:0

Writing ones to this address clears the corresponding bits in the MCCON register. See Table 563.

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Chapter 27: LPC178x/7x Motor control PWM

27.8.2 MCPWM Capture Control register

27.8.2.1 MCPWM Capture Control read address (MCCAPCON - 0x400B 800C)
The MCCAPCON register controls detection of events on the MC_FB0-2 inputs for all
MCPWM channels. Any of the three MC_FB inputs can be used to trigger a capture event
on any or all of the three channels. This address is read-only, but the underlying register
can be modified by writing to addresses MCCAPCON_SET and MCCAPCON_CLR.
Table 566. MCPWM Capture Control read address (MCCAPCON - 0x400B 800C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
Value

CAP0MCFB0_RE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 0 capture event on a rising edge on MC_FB0.

CAP0MCFB0_FE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 0 capture event on a falling edge on MC_FB0.

CAP0MCFB1_RE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 0 capture event on a rising edge on MC_FB1.

CAP0MCFB1_FE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 0 capture event on a falling edge on MC_FB1.

CAP0MCFB2_RE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 0 capture event on a rising edge on MC_FB2.

CAP0MCFB2_FE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 0 capture event on a falling edge on MC_FB2.

CAP1MCFB0_RE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 1 capture event on a rising edge on MC_FB0.

CAP1MCFB0_FE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 1 capture event on a falling edge on MC_FB0.

CAP1MCFB1_RE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 1 capture event on a rising edge on MC_FB1.

CAP1MCFB1_FE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 1 capture event on a falling edge on MC_FB1.

10

CAP1MCFB2_RE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 1 capture event on a rising edge on MC_FB2.

11

CAP1MCFB2_FE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 1 capture event on a falling edge on MC_FB2.

12

CAP2MCFB0_RE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 2 capture event on a rising edge on MC_FB0.

13

CAP2MCFB0_FE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 2 capture event on a falling edge on MC_FB0.

14

CAP2MCFB1_RE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 2 capture event on a rising edge on MC_FB1.

15

CAP2MCFB1_FE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 2 capture event on a falling edge on MC_FB1.

16

CAP2MCFB2_RE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 2 capture event on a rising edge on MC_FB2.

17

CAP2MCFB2_FE

A 1 in this bit enables a channel 2 capture event on a falling edge on MC_FB2.

18

RT0

If this bit is 1, TC0 is reset by a channel 0 capture event.

19

RT1

If this bit is 1, TC1 is reset by a channel 1 capture event.

20

RT2

If this bit is 1, TC2 is reset by a channel 2 capture event.

21

HNFCAP0

Hardware noise filter: if this bit is 1, channel 0 capture events are delayed as described 0
in Section 27.9.4.

22

HNFCAP1

Hardware noise filter: if this bit is 1, channel 1 capture events are delayed as described 0
in Section 27.9.4.

23

HNFCAP2

Hardware noise filter: if this bit is 1, channel 2 capture events are delayed as described 0
in Section 27.9.4.

31:24 -

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

27.8.2.2 MCPWM Capture Control set address (MCCAPCON_SET - 0x400B 8010)

Writing ones to this write-only address sets the corresponding bits in MCCAPCON.

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Chapter 27: LPC178x/7x Motor control PWM

Table 567. MCPWM Capture Control set address (MCCAPCON_SET - 0x400B 8010) bit description
Bit

Description

31:0

Writing ones to this address sets the corresponding bits in the MCCAPCON register. See Table 566.

27.8.2.3 MCPWM Capture control clear address (MCCAPCON_CLR - 0x400B 8014)

Writing ones to this write-only address clears the corresponding bits in MCCAPCON.
Table 568. MCPWM Capture control clear register (MCCAPCON_CLR - address 0x400B 8014) bit description
Bit

Description

31:0

Writing ones to this address clears the corresponding bits in the MCCAPCON register. See Table 566.

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Chapter 27: LPC178x/7x Motor control PWM

27.8.3 MCPWM Interrupt registers

The Motor Control PWM module includes the following interrupt sources:
Table 569. Motor Control PWM interrupts
Symbol

Description

ILIM0/1/2

Limit interrupts for channels 0, 1, 2.

IMAT0/1/2

Match interrupts for channels 0, 1, 2.

ICAP0/1/2

Capture interrupts for channels 0, 1, 2.

ABORT

Fast abort interrupt

All MCPWM interrupt registers contain one bit for each source as shown in Table 570.
Table 570. Interrupt sources bit allocation table
Bit
Symbol
Bit

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

ABORT

ICAP2

IMAT2

ILIM2

Bit

Symbol

ICAP1

IMAT1

ILIM1

ICAP0

IMAT0

ILIM0

Symbol
Bit
Symbol

27.8.3.1 MCPWM Interrupt Enable read address (MCINTEN - 0x400B 8050)

The MCINTEN register controls which of the MCPWM interrupts are enabled. This
address is read-only, but the underlying register can be modified by writing to addresses
MCINTEN_SET and MCINTEN_CLR.
Table 571. MCPWM Interrupt Enable read address (MCINTEN - 0x400B 8050) bit description
Bit

Value Description

31:0

Reset
value

See Table 570 for the bit allocation.

0

Interrupt disabled.

Interrupt enabled.

27.8.3.2 MCPWM Interrupt Enable set address (MCINTEN_SET - 0x400B 8054)

Writing ones to this write-only address sets the corresponding bits in MCINTEN, thus
enabling interrupts.
Table 572. PWM interrupt enable set register (MCINTEN_SET - address 0x400B 8054) bit description
Bit

Description

31:0

Writing ones to this address sets the corresponding bits in MCINTEN, thus enabling interrupts. See Table 570.

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27.8.3.3 MCPWM Interrupt Enable clear address (MCINTEN_CLR - 0x400B 8058)

Writing ones to this write-only address clears the corresponding bits in MCINTEN, thus
disabling interrupts.
Table 573. PWM interrupt enable clear register (MCINTEN_CLR - address 0x400B 8058) bit description
Bit

Description

31:0

Writing ones to this address clears the corresponding bits in MCINTEN, thus disabling interrupts. See Table 570.

27.8.3.4 MCPWM Interrupt Flags read address (MCINTF - 0x400B 8068)

The MCINTF register includes all MCPWM interrupt flags, which are set when the
corresponding hardware event occurs, or when ones are written to the MCINTF_SET
address. When corresponding bits in this register and MCINTEN are both 1, the MCPWM
asserts its interrupt request to the Interrupt Controller module. This address is read-only,
but the bits in the underlying register can be modified by writing ones to addresses
MCINTF_SET and MCINTF_CLR.
Table 574. MCPWM Interrupt Flags read address (MCINTF - 0x400B 8068) bit description
Bit

Value Description

31:0

Reset
value

See Table 570 for the bit allocation.

This interrupt source is not contributing to the MCPWM interrupt request.

If the corresponding bit in MCINTEN is 1, the MCPWM module is asserting its interrupt request to
the Interrupt Controller.

27.8.3.5 MCPWM Interrupt Flags set address (MCINTF_SET - 0x400B 806C)

Writing ones to this write-only address sets the corresponding bits in MCINTF, thus
possibly simulating hardware interrupts.
Table 575. MCPWM Interrupt Flags set address (PWMINTF_SET - 0x400B 806C) bit description
Bit

Description

31:0

Writing ones to this write-only address sets the corresponding bits in the MCINTF register, thus possibly simulating
hardware interrupts. See Table 570.

27.8.3.6 MCPWM Interrupt Flags clear address (MCINTF_CLR - 0x400B 8070)

Writing ones to this write-only address sets the corresponding bits in MCINTF, thus
clearing the corresponding interrupt requests. This is typically done in interrupt service
routines.
Table 576. MCPWM Interrupt Flags clear address (PWMINTF_CLR - 0x400B 8070) bit description
Bit

Description

31:0

Writing ones to this write-only address sets the corresponding bits in the MCINTF register, thus clearing the
corresponding interrupt requests. See Table 570.

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27.8.4 MCPWM Count Control register

27.8.4.1 MCPWM Count Control read address (MCCNTCON - 0x400B 805C)
The MCCNTCON register controls whether the MCPWM channels are in timer or counter
mode, and in counter mode whether the counter advances on rising and/or falling edges
on any or all of the three MC_FB inputs. If timer mode is selected, the counter advances
based on the PCLK clock.
This address is read-only. To set or clear the register bits, write ones to the
MCCNTCON_SET or MCCNTCON_CLR address.
Table 577. MCPWM Count Control read address (MCCNTCON - 0x400B 805C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

TC0MCFB0_RE

If MODE0 is 1, counter 0 advances on a rising edge on MC_FB0.

TC0MCFB0_FE

A falling edge on MC_FB0 does not affect counter 0.

If MODE0 is 1, counter 0 advances on a falling edge on MC_FB0.

A rising edge on MC_FB1 does not affect counter 0.

A rising edge on MC_FB0 does not affect counter 0.

TC0MCFB1_RE

0
1

If MODE0 is 1, counter 0 advances on a rising edge on MC_FB1.

TC0MCFB1_FE

A falling edge on MC_FB1 does not affect counter 0.

If MODE0 is 1, counter 0 advances on a falling edge on MC_FB1.

A rising edge on MC_FB0 does not affect counter 0.

TC0MCFB2_RE

0
1

If MODE0 is 1, counter 0 advances on a rising edge on MC_FB2.

TC0MCFB2_FE

A falling edge on MC_FB0 does not affect counter 0.

If MODE0 is 1, counter 0 advances on a falling edge on MC_FB2.

A rising edge on MC_FB0 does not affect counter 1.

TC1MCFB0_RE

0
1

If MODE1 is 1, counter 1 advances on a rising edge on MC_FB0.

TC1MCFB0_FE

A falling edge on MC_FB0 does not affect counter 1.

If MODE1 is 1, counter 1 advances on a falling edge on MC_FB0.

A rising edge on MC_FB1 does not affect counter 1.

TC1MCFB1_RE

0
1

If MODE1 is 1, counter 1 advances on a rising edge on MC_FB1.

TC1MCFB1_FE

A falling edge on MC_FB0 does not affect counter 1.

If MODE1 is 1, counter 1 advances on a falling edge on MC_FB1.

A rising edge on MC_FB2 does not affect counter 1.

10

TC1MCFB2_RE

0
1

If MODE1 is 1, counter 1 advances on a rising edge on MC_FB2.

11

TC1MCFB2_FE

A falling edge on MC_FB2 does not affect counter 1.

If MODE1 is 1, counter 1 advances on a falling edge on MC_FB2.

A rising edge on MC_FB0 does not affect counter 2.

12

TC2MCFB0_RE

0
1

If MODE2 is 1, counter 2 advances on a rising edge on MC_FB0.

13

TC2MCFB0_FE

A falling edge on MC_FB0 does not affect counter 2.

If MODE2 is 1, counter 2 advances on a falling edge on MC_FB0.

A rising edge on MC_FB1 does not affect counter 2.

If MODE2 is 1, counter 2 advances on a rising edge on MC_FB1.

14

TC2MCFB1_RE

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0
0
0
0
0
0
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Table 577. MCPWM Count Control read address (MCCNTCON - 0x400B 805C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value Description

Reset
Value

15

TC2MCFB1_FE

If MODE2 is 1, counter 2 advances on a falling edge on MC_FB1.

16

TC2MCFB2_RE

A rising edge on MC_FB2 does not affect counter 2.

If MODE2 is 1, counter 2 advances on a rising edge on MC_FB2.

A falling edge on MC_FB2 does not affect counter 2.

17

TC2MCFB2_FE

1
28:18 29
30
31

CNTR0
CNTR1
CNTR2

A falling edge on MC_FB1 does not affect counter 2.

0
0

If MODE2 is 1, counter 2 advances on a falling edge on MC_FB2.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

Channel 0 is in timer mode.

Channel 0 is in counter mode.

Channel 1 is in timer mode.

Channel 1 is in counter mode.

Channel 2 is in timer mode.

Channel 2 is in counter mode.

0
0

27.8.4.2 MCPWM Count Control set address (MCCNTCON_SET - 0x400B 8060)

Writing ones to this write-only address sets the corresponding bits in MCCNTCON.
Table 578. MCPWM Count Control set address (MCCNTCON_SET - 0x400B 8060) bit description
Bit

Description

31:0

Writing ones to this write-only address sets the corresponding bits in the MCCNTCON register. See Table 577.

27.8.4.3 MCPWM Count Control clear address (MCCNTCON_CLR - 0x400B 8064)

Writing ones to this write-only address clears the corresponding bits in MCCNTCON.
Table 579. MCPWM Count Control clear address (MCCAPCON_CLR - 0x400B 8064) bit description
Bit

Description

31:0

Writing ones to this write-only address clears the corresponding bits in the MCCNTCON register. See Table 577.

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27.8.5 MCPWM Timer/Counter 0-2 registers (MCTC0-2 - 0x400B 8018,

0x400B 801C, 0x400B 8020)
These registers hold the current values of the 32-bit counter/timers for channels 0-2. Each
value is incremented on every PCLK, or by edges on the MC_FB0-2 pins, as selected by
MCCNTCON. The timer/counter counts up from 0 until it reaches the value in its
corresponding MCLIM register (or is stopped by writing to MCCON_CLR).
A TC register can be read at any time. In order to write to the TC register, its channel must
be stopped. If not, the write will not take place, no exception is generated.
Table 580. MCPWM Timer/Counter 0-2 registers (MCTC0-2 - 0x400B 8018, 0x400B 801C, 0x400B 8020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

MCTC0/1/2

Timer/Counter values for channels 0, 1, 2.

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27.8.6 MCPWM Limit 0-2 registers (MCLIM0-2 - 0x400B 8024, 0x400B 8028,
0x400B 802C)
These registers hold the limiting values for timer/counters 0-2. When a timer/counter
reaches its corresponding limiting value: 1) in edge-aligned mode, it is reset and starts
over at 0; 2) in center-aligned mode, it begins counting down until it reaches 0, at which
time it begins counting up again.
If the channels CENTER bit in MCCON is 0 selecting edge-aligned mode, the match
between TC and LIM switches the channels A output from active to passive state. If
the channels CENTER and DTE bits in MCCON are both 0, the match simultaneously
switches the channels B output from passive to active state.
If the channels CENTER bit is 0 but the DTE bit is 1, the match triggers the channels
deadtime counter to begin counting -- when the deadtime counter expires, the channels B
output switches from passive to active state.
In center-aligned mode, matches between a channels TC and LIM registers have no
effect on its A and B outputs.
Writing to either a Limit or a Match (27.8.7) register loads a write register, and if the
channel is stopped it also loads an operating register that is compared to the TC. If the
channel is running and its disable update bit in MCCON is 0, the operating registers are
loaded from the write registers: 1) in edge-aligned mode, when the TC matches the
operating Limit register; 2) in center-aligned mode, when the TC counts back down to 0. If
the channel is running and the disable update bit is 1, the operating registers are not
loaded from the write registers until software stops the channel.
Reading an MCLIM address always returns the operating value.
Table 581. MCPWM Limit 0-2 registers (MCLIM0-2 - 0x400B 8024, 0x400B 8028, 0x400B 802C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

MCLIM0/1/2

Limit values for TC0, 1, 2.

0xFFFF FFFF

Note: In timer mode, the period of a channels modulated MC_A and MC_B outputs is determined by its Limit register, and the pulse width at the start of the period is determined by
its Match register. If it suits your way of thinking, consider the Limit register to be the Period
register and the Match register to be the Pulse Width register.

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27.8.7 MCPWM Match 0-2 registers (MCMAT0-2 - 0x400B 8030, 0x400B 8034,
0x400B 8038)
These registers also have write and operating versions as described above for the
Limit registers, and the operating registers are also compared to the channels TCs. See
27.8.6 above for details of reading and writing both Limit and Match registers.
The Match and Limit registers control the MC_A and MC_B outputs. If a Match register is
to have any effect on its channels operation, it must contain a smaller value than the
corresponding Limit register.
Table 582. MCPWM Match 0-2 registers (MCMAT0-2 - addresses 0x400B 8030, 0x400B 8034, 0x400B 8038) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

MCMAT0/1/2

Match values for TC0, 1, 2.

0xFFFF FFFF

27.8.7.1 Match register in Edge-Aligned mode

If the channels CENTER bit in MCCON is 0 selecting edge-aligned mode, a match
between TC and MAT switches the channels B output from active to passive state. If
the channels CENTER and DTE bits in MCCON are both 0, the match simultaneously
switches the channels A output from passive to active state.
If the channels CENTER bit is 0 but the DTE bit is 1, the match triggers the channels
deadtime counter to begin counting -- when the deadtime counter expires, the channels A
output switches from passive to active state.

27.8.7.2 Match register in Center-Aligned mode

If the channels CENTER bit in MCCON is 1 selecting center-aligned mode, a match
between TC and MAT while the TC is incrementing switches the channels B output from
active to passive state, and a match while the TC is decrementing switches the A
output from active to passive. If the channels CENTER bit in MCCON is 1 but the DTE
bit is 0, a match simultaneously switches the channels other output in the opposite
direction.
If the channels CENTER and DTE bits are both 1, a match between TC and MAT triggers
the channels deadtime counter to begin counting -- when the deadtime counter expires,
the channels B output switches from passive to active if the TC was counting up at the
time of the match, and the channels A output switches from passive to active if the TC
was counting down at the time of the match.

27.8.7.3 0 and 100% duty cycle

To lock a channels MC_A and MC_B outputs at the state B active, A passive, write its
Match register with a higher value than you write to its Limit register. The match never
occurs.
To lock a channels MC_A and MC_B outputs at the opposite state, A active, B passive,
simply write 0 to its Match register.

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27.8.8 MCPWM Dead-time register (MCDT - 0x400B 803C)

This register holds the dead-time values for the three channels. If a channels DTE bit in
MCCON is 1 to enable its dead-time counter, the counter counts down from this value
whenever one its channels outputs changes from active to passive state. When the
dead-time counter reaches 0, the channel changes its other output from passive to
active state.
The motivation for the dead-time feature is that power transistors, like those driven by the
A and B outputs in a motor-control application, take longer to fully turn off than they take to
start to turn on. If the A and B transistors are ever turned on at the same time, a wasteful
and damaging current will flow between the power rails through the transistors. In such
applications, the dead-time register should be programmed with the number of PCLK
periods that is greater than or equal to the transistors maximum turn-off time minus their
minimum turn-on time.
Table 583. MCPWM Dead-time register (MCDT - address 0x400B 803C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

9:0

Description

DT0

Reset value

Dead time for channel

0.[1]

0x3FF

1.[2]

0x3FF
0x3FF

19:10

DT1

Dead time for channel

29:20

DT2

Dead time for channel 2.[2]

31:30

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

[1]

If ACMODE is 1 selecting AC-mode, this field controls the dead time for all three channels.

[2]

If ACMODE is 0.

27.8.9 MCPWM Commutation Pattern register (MCCP - 0x400B 8040)

This register is used in DC mode only. The internal MC_0A signal is routed to any or all of
the six output pins under the control of the bits in this register. Like the Match and Limit
registers, this register has write and operational versions. See 27.8.6 and 27.9.2 for
more about this subject.
Table 584. MCPWM Commutation Pattern register (MCCP - address 0x400B 8040) bit description
Bit

Symbol

CCPA0

0 = MC_0A passive, 1 = internal MC_0A.

CCPB0

0 = MC_0B passive, 1 = MC_0B tracks internal MC_0A.

CCPA1

0 = MC_1A passive, 1 = MC_1A tracks internal MC_0A.

CCPB1

0 = MC_1B passive, 1 = MC_1B tracks internal MC_0A.

CCPA2

0 = MC_2A passive, 1 = MC_2A tracks internal MC_0A.

CCPB2

0 = MC_2B passive, 1 = MC_2B tracks internal MC_0A.

31:6

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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Reset value

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27.8.10 MCPWM Capture Registers

27.8.10.1 MCPWM Capture read addresses (MCCAP0-2 - 0x400B 8044, 0x400B 8048,
0x400B 804C)
The MCCAPCON register (Table 566) allows software to select any edges on any of the
MC_FB0-2 inputs as a capture event for each channel. When a channels capture event
occurs, the current TC value for that channel is stored in its read-only Capture register.
These addresses are read-only, but the underlying registers can be cleared by writing to
the CAP_CLR address
Table 585. MCPWM Capture read addresses (MCCAP0/1/2 - 0x400B 8044, 0x400B 8048, 0x400B 804C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

CAP0/1/2

TC value at a capture event for channels 0, 1, 2.

0x0000 0000

27.8.10.2 MCPWM Capture clear address (MCCAP_CLR - 0x400B 8074)

Writing ones to this write-only address clears the selected CAP registers.
Table 586. MCPWM Capture clear address (CAP_CLR - 0x400B 8074) bit description

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Bit

Symbol

Description

CAP_CLR0

Writing a 1 to this bit clears the MCCAP0 register.

CAP_CLR1

Writing a 1 to this bit clears the MCCAP1 register.

CAP_CLR2

Writing a 1 to this bit clears the MCCAP2 register.

31:3

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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27.9 PWM operation

27.9.1 Pulse-width modulation
Each channel of the MCPWM has two outputs, A and B, that can drive a pair of transistors
to switch a controlled point between two power rails. Most of the time the two outputs have
opposite polarity, but a dead-time feature can be enabled (on a per-channel basis) to
delay both signals transitions from passive to active state so that the transistors are
never both turned on simultaneously. In a more general view, the states of each output
pair can be thought of high, low, and floating or up, down, and center-off.
Each channels mapping from active and passive to high and low is programmable.
After Reset, the three A outputs are passive/low, and the B outputs are active/high.
The MCPWM can perform edge-aligned and center-aligned pulse-width modulation.
Note: In timer mode, the period of a channels modulated MC_A and MC_B outputs is determined by its Limit register, and the pulse width at the start of the period is determined by
its Match register. If it suits your way of thinking, consider the Limit register to be the Period
register and the Match register to be the Pulse Width register.
Edge-aligned PWM without dead-time

In this mode the timer TC counts up from 0 to the value in the LIM register. As shown in
Figure 144, the output pin state is A passive until the TC matches the Match register, at
which point it changes to A active. When the TC matches the Limit register, the output
pin state changes back to A passive, and the TC is reset and starts counting up again.

active

passive

active

passive

passive

active

passive

active

MCOB

POLA = 0

MCOA

MAT

LIM
timer reset

MAT

LIM
timer reset

Fig 144. Edge-aligned PWM waveform without dead time, POLA = 0

Center-aligned PWM without dead-time

In this mode the timer TC counts up from 0 to the value in the LIM register, then counts
back down to 0 and repeats. As shown in Figure 145, while the timer counts up, the output
pin state is A passive until the TC matches the Match register, at which point it changes
to A active. When the TC matches the Limit register it starts counting down. When the
TC matches the Match register on the way down, the output pin state changes back to A
passive.

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active

passive

active

passive

passive

active

passive

active

MCOB

POLA = 0

MCOA

MAT

LIM

MAT

LIM

Fig 145. Center-aligned PWM waveform without dead time, POLA = 0

Dead-time counter

When the a channels DTE bit is set in MCCON, the dead-time counter delays the
passive-to-active transitions of both output pins. The dead-time counter starts counting
down, from the channels DT value (in the MCDT register) to 0, whenever the channels A
or B output changes from active to passive. The transition of the other output from passive
to active is delayed until the dead-time counter reaches 0. During the dead time, the
MC_A and MC_B output levels are both passive. Figure 146 shows operation in edge
aligned mode with dead time, and Figure 147 shows center-aligned operation with dead
time.

active

active
passive

passive
MCOB

DT

DT

active

active
passive

passive

MCOA

POLA = 0
DT

DT
0

MAT

LIM
timer reset

MAT

LIM
timer reset

Fig 146. Edge-aligned PWM waveform with dead time, POLA = 0

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active

active

passive

passive

MCOB
DT

active

active
passive

passive
POLA = 0

MCOA
DT
0

MAT

LIM

DT
MAT

LIM

Fig 147. Center-aligned waveform with dead time, POLA = 0

27.9.2 Shadow registers and simultaneous updates

The Limit, Match, and Commutation Pattern registers (MCLIM, MCMAT, and MCCP) are
implemented as register pairs, each consisting of a write register and an operational
register. Software writes into the write registers. The operational registers control the
actual operation of each channel and are loaded with the current value in the write
registers when the TC starts counting up from 0.
Updating of the functional registers can be disabled by setting a channels DISUP bit in
the MCCON register. If the DISUP bits are set, the functional registers are not updated
until software stops the channel.
If a channel is not running when software writes to its LIM or MAT register, the functional
register is updated immediately.
Software can write to a TC register only when its channel is stopped.

27.9.3 Fast Abort (ABORT)

The MCPWM has an external input MC_ABORT. When this input goes low, all six output
pins assume their A passive states, and the Abort interrupt is generated if enabled. The
outputs remain locked in A passive state until the ABORT interrupt flag is cleared or the
Abort interrupt is disabled. The ABORT flag may not be cleared before the MC_ABORT
input goes high.
In order to clear an ABORT flag, a 1 must be written to bit 15 of the MCINTF_CLR
register. This will remove the interrupt request. The interrupt can also be disabled by
writing a 1 to bit 15 of the MCINTEN_CLR register.

27.9.4 Capture events

Each PWM channel can take a snapshot of its TC when an input signal transitions. Any
channel may use any combination of rising and/or falling edges on any or all of the
MC_FB0-2 inputs as a capture event, under control of the MCCAPCON register. Rising or
falling edges on the inputs are detected synchronously with respect to PCLK.
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If a channels HNF bit in the MCCAPCON register is set to enable noise filtering, a
selected edge on an MC_FB pin starts the dead-time counter for that channel, and the
capture event actions described below are delayed until the dead-time counter reaches 0.
This function is targeted specifically for performing three-phase brushless DC motor
control with Hall sensors.
A capture event on a channel (possibly delayed by HNF) causes the following:

The current value of the TC is stored in the Capture register (CAP).

If the channels capture event interrupt is enabled (see Table 571), the capture event
interrupt flag is set.

If the channels RT bit is set in the MCCAPCON register, enabling reset on a capture
event, the input event has the same effect as matching the channels TC to its LIM
register. This includes resetting the TC and switching the output pins in edge-aligned
mode as described in 27.8.6 and 27.9.1.

27.9.5 External event counting (Counter mode)

If a channels MODE bit is 1 in MCCNTCON, its TC is incremented by rising and/or falling
edges (synchronously detected) on the MC_FB0-2 inputs, rather than by PCLK. The
PWM functions and capture functions are unaffected.

27.9.6 Three-phase DC mode

The three-phase DC mode is selected by setting the DCMODE bit in the MCCON register.
In this mode, the internal MC_0A signal can be routed to any or all of the output pins.
Each output pin is masked by a bit in the current Commutation Pattern register MCCP. If a
bit in the MCCP register is 0, its output pin has the logic level for the passive state of
output MC_0A. The polarity of the off state is determined by the POLA0 bit.
All output pins that have 1 bits in the MCCP register are controlled by the internal MC_0A
signal.
The three MC_B output pins are inverted when the INVBDC bit is 1 in the MCCON
register. This feature accommodates bridge-drivers that have active-low inputs for the
low-side switches.
The MCCP register is implemented as a shadow register pair, so that changes to the
active commutation pattern occur at the beginning of a new PWM cycle. See 27.8.6 and
27.9.2 for more about writing and reading such registers.
Figure 148 shows sample waveforms of the output pins in three-phase DC mode. Bits 1
and 3 in the MCCP register (corresponding to outputs MC_1B and MC_0B) are set to 0 so
that these outputs are masked and in the off state. Their logic level is determined by the
POLA0 bit (here, POLA0 = 0 so the passive state is logic LOW). The INVBDC bit is set to
0 (logic level not inverted) so that the B output have the same polarity as the A outputs.
Note that this mode differs from other modes in that the MC_B outputs are not the
opposite of the MC_A outputs.
In the situation shown in Figure 148, bits 0, 2, 4, and 5 in the MCCP register are set to 1.
That means that MC_1A and both output pins for channel 2 follow the MC_0A signal.

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MCOB2

CCPB2 = 1, on-state

MCOA2

CCPA2 = 1, on-state

MCOB1

CCPB1 = 0, off-state

MCOA1

CCPA1 = 1, on-state

MCOB0

CCPB0 = 0, off-state

CCPA0 = 1, on-state
MCOA0

POLA0 = 0, INVBDC = 0

Fig 148. Three-phase DC mode sample waveforms

27.9.7 Three phase AC mode

The three-phase AC-mode is selected by setting the ACMODE bit in the MCCON register.
In this mode, the value of channel 0s TC is routed to all channels for comparison with
their MAT registers. (The LIM1-2 registers are not used.)
Each channel controls its output pins by comparing its MAT value to TC0.
Figure 149 shows sample waveforms for the six output pins in three-phase AC mode. The
POLA bits are set to 0 for all three channels, so that for all output pins the active levels are
high and the passive levels are low. Each channel has a different MAT value which is
compared to the MCTC0 value. In this mode the period value is identical for all three
channels and is determined by MCLIM0. The dead-time mode is disabled.

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MCOB2

POLA2 = 0
MCOA2
MAT2

MAT2

MCOB1

POLA1 = 0

MCOA1
MAT1

MAT1

MCOB0

POLA0 = 0

MCOA0

MAT0

LIM0
timer reset

LIM0
timer reset

Fig 149. Three-phase AC mode sample waveforms, edge aligned PWM mode

27.9.8 Interrupts
The MCPWM includes 10 possible interrupt sources:

When any channels TC matches its Match register.

When any channels TC matches its Limit register.
When any channel captures the value of its TC into its Capture register, because a
selected edge occurs on any of MC_FB0-2.

When all three channels outputs are forced to A passive state because the
MC_ABORT pin goes low.
Section 27.8.3 MCPWM Interrupt registers explains how to enable these interrupts, and
Section 27.8.2 MCPWM Capture Control register describes how to map edges on the
MC_FB0-2 inputs to capture events on the three channels.

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28.1 Basic configuration

The QEI is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCQEI.
Remark: On reset, the QEI is disabled (PCQEI = 0).

2. Peripheral clock: The QEI operates from the common PCLK that clocks both the bus
interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4.
3. Pins: Select QEI pins through and pin modes for port pins with QEI functions through
the relevant IOCON registers (Section 8.4.1).
4. Interrupts: See Section 28.6.4. The QEI interrupt is enabled in the NVIC using the
appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.

28.2 Features
This Quadrature Encoder Interface (QEI) has the following features:

tracks encoder position.

increments/ decrements depending on direction.
programmable for 2X or 4X position counting.
velocity capture using built-in timer.
velocity compare function with less than interrupt.
uses 32-bit registers for position and velocity.
three position compare registers with interrupts.
index counter for revolution counting.
index compare register with interrupts.
can combine index and position interrupts to produce an interrupt for whole and partial
revolution displacement.

digital filter with programmable delays for encoder input signals.

can accept decoded signal inputs (clock and direction).

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28.3 Introduction
A quadrature encoder, also known as a 2-channel incremental encoder, converts angular
displacement into two pulse signals. By monitoring both the number of pulses and the
relative phase of the two signals, position, direction of rotation, and velocity can be
tracked. In addition, a third channel, or index signal, can be used to reset the position
counter. This quadrature encoder interface module decodes the digital pulses from a
quadrature encoder wheel to integrate position over time and determine direction of
rotation. In addition, it can capture the velocity of the encoder wheel.

overflow
load

reset

Velocity Timer

TIM_Int

Velocity Reload

Veclocity
Compare

QEI_IDX (MC_FB2)

VELC_Int

Digital Filter

QEI_PhA (MC_FB0)
QEI_PhB (MC_FB1)

load
Quadrature
Decoder

Velocity
Capture

reset

Velocity
Counter

clock

ERR_Int
INX_Int
DIR_Int
ENCLK_Int

Windowing

index
pulse

dir

clock
pulse

MAXPOS
Compare
clock

MAXPOS_Int

Position
Counter

Position
Compare

POS0_Int
POS1_Int
POS2_Int
POS0REV_Int

clock
Index Counter

POS1REV_Int
POS2REV_Int

Index Compare

100517

REV0_Int
REV1_Int
REV2_Int

Fig 150.Encoder interface block diagram

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28.4 Functional description

The QEI module interprets the two-bit gray code produced by a quadrature encoder wheel
to integrate position over time and determine direction of rotation. In addition, it can
capture the velocity of the encoder wheel.

28.4.1 Input signals

The QEI module supports two modes of signal operation: quadrature phase mode and
clock/direction mode. In quadrature phase mode, the encoder produces two clocks that
are 90 degrees out of phase; the edge relationship is used to determine the direction of
rotation. In clock/direction mode, the encoder produces a clock signal to indicate steps
and a direction signal to indicate the direction of rotation.).
This mode is determined by the SigMode bit of the QEI Configuration register (QEICONF)
register (See Table 593). When the SigMode bit = 1, the quadrature decoder is bypassed
and the PhA pin functions as the direction signal and PhB pin functions as the clock signal
for the counters, etc. When the SigMode bit = 0, the PhA pin and PhB pins are decoded
by the quadrature decoder. In this mode the quadrature decoder produces the direction
and clock signals for the counters, etc. In both modes the direction signal is subject to the
effects of the direction invert (DIRINV) bit.

28.4.1.1 Quadrature input signals

When edges on PhA lead edges on PhB, the position counter is incremented. When
edges on PhB lead edges on PhA, the position counter is decremented. When a rising
and falling edge pair is seen on one of the phases without any edges on the other, the
direction of rotation has changed.
Table 587. Encoder states
Phase A

Phase B

state

Table 588. Encoder state transitions[1]

from state

to state

Direction

positive

[1]

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negative

All other state transitions are illegal and should set the ERR bit.

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Interchanging of the PhA and PhB input signals are compensated by complementing the
DIR bit. When set = 1, the direction inversion bit (DIRINV) complements the DIR bit.
Table 589. Encoder direction
DIR bit

DIRINV bit

direction

forward

reverse

reverse

forward

Figure 151 shows how quadrature encoder signals equate to direction and count.

PhA
PhB
direction
position

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

Fig 151.Quadrature Encoder Basic Operation

28.4.1.2 Digital input filtering

All three encoder inputs (PhA, PhB, and index) require digital filtering. The number of
sample clocks is user programmable from 1 to 4,294,967,295 (0xFFFF FFFF). In order for
a transition to be accepted, the input signal must remain in new state for the programmed
number of sample clocks.

28.4.2 Position capture

The capture mode for the position integrator can be set to update the position counter on
every edge of the PhA signal or to update on every edge of both PhA and PhB. Updating
the position counter on every PhA and PhB provides more positional resolution at the cost
of less range in the positional counter.
The position integrator and velocity capture can be independently enabled. Alternatively,
the phase signals can be interpreted as a clock and direction signal as output by some
encoders.
The position counter is automatically reset on one of three conditions. Incrementing past
the maximum position value (QEIMAXPOS) will reset the position counter to zero. If the
reset on index bit (RESPI) is set, sensing the index pulse for the first time will once reset
the position counter to zero after the next positional increase (calibrate). If the
continuously reset on index bit (CRESPI) is set, sensing the index pulse will continuously
reset the position counter to zero after the next positional increase (recalibrate).

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28.4.3 Velocity capture

The velocity capture has a programmable timer and a capture register. It counts the
number of phase edges (using the same configuration as for the position integrator) in a
given time period. When the velocity timer (QEITIME) overflows the contents of the
velocity counter (QEIVEL) are transferred to the capture (QEICAP) register. The velocity
counter is then cleared. The velocity timer is loaded with the contents of the velocity
reload register (QEILOAD). Finally, the velocity interrupt (TIM_Int) is asserted. The
number of edges counted in a given time period is directly proportional to the velocity of
the encoder. Note that the velocity counter counts up regardless of the direction of
rotation, and whether the direction changes.
Setting the reset velocity bit (RESV) will clear the velocity counter, reset the velocity
capture register to 0xFFFF FFFF, load the velocity timer with the contents of the velocity
reload register (QEILOAD).
The following equation converts the velocity counter value into an RPM value:
RPM = (PCLK * QEICAP * 60) (QEILOAD * PPR * Edges)

where:

PCLK is the peripheral clock rate for the QEI block. See Section 4.6.4 for more on the
possibilities for PCLK).

QEICAP is the captured velocity counter value for the last velocity timer period.
QEILOAD is the velocity timer reload value.
PPR is the number of pulses per revolution of the physical encoder used in the
application

Edges is 2 or 4, based on the capture mode set in the QEICON register (2 for
CapMode set to 0 and 4 for CapMode set to 1)
For example, consider a motor running at 600 RPM. A 2048 pulse per revolution
quadrature encoder is attached to the motor, producing 8192 phase edges per revolution
(PPR * Edges). This results in 81,920 pulses per second (the motor turns 10 times per
second at 600 RPM and there are 8192 edges per revolution). If the timer were clocked at
10,000 Hz, and the QEILOAD was 2,500 (corresponding to of a second), it would count
20,480 pulses per update. Using the above equation:
RPM = (10000 * 1 * 20480 * 60) (2500 * 2048 * 4) = 600 RPM
Now, consider that the motor is sped up to 3000 RPM. This results in 409,600 pulses per
second, or 102,400 every of a second. Again, the above equation gives:
RPM = (10000 * 1 * 102400 * 60) (2500 * 2048 * 4) = 3000 RPM
These are simple examples, real-world values will have a higher rate for PCLK, and
probably a larger value for QEILOAD as well.

28.4.4 Velocity compare

In addition to velocity capture, the velocity measurement system includes a
programmable velocity compare register. After every velocity capture event the contents
of the velocity capture register (QEICAP) is compared with the contents of the velocity
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compare register (VELCOMP). If the captured velocity is less than the compare value, an
interrupt is asserted provided that the velocity compare interrupt enable bit is set. This can
be used to determine if a motor shaft is either stalled or moving too slow.

28.5 Pin description

Table 590. QEI pin description
Pin name

I/O

Description

MC_FB0

[1]

Used as the Phase A (PhA) input to the Quadrature Encoder Interface.

MC_FB1

[1]

Used as the Phase B (PhB) input to the Quadrature Encoder Interface.

MC_FB2

[1]

Used as the Index (IDX) input to the Quadrature Encoder Interface.

[1]

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The Quadrature Encoder Interface uses the same pin functions as the Motor Control PWM feedback inputs.
If used as part of motor control, the QEI can be used as an alternative to feedback directly to the MCPWM.

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28.6 Register description

28.6.1 Register summary
Table 591. Register summary
Symbol

Description

R/W

Reset Value

Address

Table

Control registers

QEICON

Control register

WO

NA

0x400B C000

592

QEICONF

Configuration register

R/W

0x400B C008

593

QEISTAT

Status register

RO

0x400B C004

594

RO

0x400B C00C

595

QEIMAXPOS Maximum position register

R/W

0x400B C010

596

CMPOS0

Position compare register 0

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B C014

597

CMPOS1

Position compare register 1

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B C018

598

CMPOS2

Position compare register 2

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B C01C

599

INXCNT

Index count register 0

RO

0x400B C020

600

INXCMP0

Index compare register 0

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B C024

601

INXCMP1

Index compare register 1

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B C04C

602

INXCMP2

Index compare register 2

R/W

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B C050

603

QEILOAD

Velocity timer reload register

R/W

0x400B C028

604

QEITIME

Velocity timer register

RO

0x400B C02C

605

Position, index, and timer registers

QEIPOS

Position register

QEIVEL

Velocity counter register

RO

0x400B C030

606

QEICAP

Velocity capture register

RO

0xFFFF FFFF

0x400B C034

607

VELCOMP

Velocity compare register

R/W

0x400B C038

608

FILTERPHA

Digital filter register on PHA

R/W

0x400B C03C

609

FILTERPHB

Digital filter register on PHB

R/W

0x400B C040

610

FILTERINX

Digital filter register on IDX

R/W

0x400B C044

611

WINDOW

Index acceptance window register

R/W

0xF

0x400B C048

612

Interrupt registers

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QEIINTSTAT Interrupt status register

RO

0x400B CFE0

613

QEISET

Interrupt status set register

WO

NA

0x400B CFEC

614

QEICLR

Interrupt status clear register

WO

NA

0x400B CFE8

615

QEIIE

Interrupt enable register

RO

0x400B CFE4

616

QEIIES

Interrupt enable set register

WO

NA

0x400B CFDC

617

QEIIEC

Interrupt enable clear register

WO

NA

0x400B CFD8

618

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28.6.2 Control registers

28.6.2.1 QEI Control register (QEICON - 0x400B C000)
This register contains bits which control the operation of the position and velocity counters
of the QEI module.
Table 592: QEI Control register (QEICON - address 0x400B C000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

RESP

Reset position counter. When set = 1, resets the position counter to all zeros. Autoclears when
the position counter is cleared.

RESPI

Reset position counter on index. When set = 1, resets the position counter to all zeros once only 0
the first time an index pulse occurs. Autoclears when the position counter is cleared.

RESV

Reset velocity. When set = 1, resets the velocity counter to all zeros, reloads the velocity timer,
and presets the velocity compare register. Autoclears when the velocity counter is cleared.

RESI

Reset index counter. When set = 1, resets the index counter to all zeros. Autoclears when the
index counter is cleared.

31:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

28.6.2.2 QEI Configuration register (QEICONF - 0x400B C008)

This register contains the configuration of the QEI module.
Table 593: QEI Configuration register (QEICONF - address 0x400B C008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

DIRINV

Direction invert. When 1, complements the DIR bit.

SIGMODE

Signal Mode. When 0, PhA and PhB function as quadrature encoder inputs. When 1, PhA
functions as the direction signal and PhB functions as the clock signal.

CAPMODE Capture Mode. When 0, only PhA edges are counted (2X). When 1, BOTH PhA and PhB
edges are counted (4X), increasing resolution but decreasing range.

INVINX

Invert Index. When 1, inverts the sense of the index input.

CRESPI

Continuously reset the position counter on index. When 1, resets the position counter to all
zeros whenever an index pulse occurs after the next position increase (recalibration).

15:5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Index gating configuration:

0xF

19:16 INXGATE

When INXGATE[16] = 1, pass the index when PHA = 1 and PHB = 0, otherwise block index.
When INXGATE[17] = 1, pass the index when PHA = 1 and PHB = 1, otherwise block index.
When INXGATE[18] = 1, pass the index when PHA = 0 and PHB = 1, otherwise block index.
When INXGATE[19] = 1, pass the index when PHA = 0 and PHB = 0, otherwise block index.
31:20 -

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Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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28.6.2.3 QEI Status register (QEISTAT - 0x400B C004)

This register provides the status of the encoder interface.
Table 594: QEI Status register (QEISTAT - address 0x400B C004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

DIR

Direction bit. In combination with DIRINV bit indicates forward or

reverse direction. See Table 589.

31:1

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written. NA

28.6.3 Position, index and timer registers

28.6.3.1 QEI Position register (QEIPOS - 0x400B C00C)
This register contains the current value of the encoder position. Increments or decrements
when encoder counts occur, depending on the direction of rotation.
Table 595: QEI Position register (QEIPOS - address 0x400B C00C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Current position value.

28.6.3.2 QEI Maximum Position register (QEIMAXPOS - 0x400B C010)

This register contains the maximum value of the encoder position. In forward rotation the
position register resets to zero when the position register exceeds this value. In reverse
rotation the position register resets to this value when the position register decrements
from zero.
Table 596: QEI Maximum Position register (QEIMAXPOS - address 0x400B C010) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Current maximum position value.

28.6.3.3 QEI Position Compare register 0 (CMPOS0 - 0x400B C014)

This register contains a position compare value. This value is compared against the
current value of the position register. An interrupt can be generated when the compare
value is equal to the current value of the position register. The compare value must take
into account the fact that the starting position is zero.
Table 597: QEI Position Compare register 0 (CMPOS0 - address 0x400B C014) bit description

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Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Position compare value 0.

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28.6.3.4 QEI Position Compare register 1 (CMPOS1 - 0x400B C018)

This register contains a position compare value. This value is compared against the
current value of the position register. An interrupt can be generated when the compare
value is equal to the current value of the position register. The compare value must take
into account the fact that the starting position is zero.
Table 598: QEI Position Compare register 1 (CMPOS1 - address 0x400B C018) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Position compare value 1.

28.6.3.5 QEI Position Compare register 2 (CMPOS2 - 0x400B C01C)

This register contains a position compare value. This value is compared against the
current value of the position register. An interrupt can be generated when the compare
value is equal to the current value of the position register. The compare value must take
into account the fact that the starting position is zero.
Table 599: QEI Position Compare register 2 (CMPOS2 - address 0x400B C01C) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Position compare value 2.

28.6.3.6 QEI Index Count register (INXCNT - 0x400B C020)

This register contains the current value of the index counter. It is updated when an index
count occurs. This can be an increment when the position counter overflows the MAXPOS
value or a decrement when the position counter underflows zero, depending on the
direction of rotation. In case (re)calibration occurs due to an index pulse, the
over/underflow is forced internally.
Table 600: QEI Index Count register (INXCNT - address 0x400B C020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Current index counter value.

28.6.3.7 QEI Index Compare register 0 (INXCMP0 - 0x400B C024)

This register contains an index compare value. This value is compared against the current
value of the index count register. Interrupts can be enabled to interrupt when the compare
value is less than, equal to, or greater than the current value of the index count register.
Table 601: QEI Index Compare register 0 (INXCMP0 - address 0x400B C024) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Index compare value 0.

28.6.3.8 QEI Index Compare register 1 (INXCMP1 - 0x400B C04C)

This register contains an index compare value. This value is compared against the current
value of the index count register. Interrupts can be enabled to interrupt when the compare
value is less than, equal to, or greater than the current value of the index count register.
Table 602: QEI Index Compare register 1 (INXCMP1 - address 0x400B C04C) bit description

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Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Index compare value 1.

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28.6.3.9 QEI Index Compare register 2 (INXCMP2 - 0x400B C050)

This register contains an index compare value. This value is compared against the current
value of the index count register. Interrupts can be enabled to interrupt when the compare
value is less than, equal to, or greater than the current value of the index count register.
Table 603: QEI Index Compare register 2 (INXCMP2 - address 0x400B C050) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Index compare value 2.

28.6.3.10 QEI Velocity Timer Reload register (QEILOAD - 0x400B C028)

This register contains the reload value of the velocity timer. When the timer (QEITIME)
overflows or the RESV bit is asserted, this value is loaded into the timer (QEITIME).
Table 604: QEI Timer Load register (QEILOAD - address 0x400B C028) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Current velocity timer load value.

28.6.3.11 QEI Velocity Timer register (QEITIME - 0x400B C02C)

This register contains the current value of the velocity timer. When this timer overflows the
value of velocity counter (QEIVEL) is stored in the velocity capture register (QEICAP), the
velocity counter is reset to zero, the timer is reloaded with the value stored in the velocity
reload register (QEILOAD), and the velocity interrupt (TIM_Int) is asserted.
Table 605: QEI Timer register (QEITIME - address 0x400B C02C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Current velocity timer value.

28.6.3.12 QEI Velocity register (QEIVEL - 0x400B C030)

This register contains the running count of velocity pulses for the current time period.
When the velocity timer (QEITIME) overflows the contents of this register is captured in
the velocity capture register (QEICAP). After capture, this register is set to zero. This
register is also reset when the velocity reset bit (RESV) is asserted.
Table 606: QEI Velocity register (QEIVEL - address 0x400B C030) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Current velocity pulse count.

28.6.3.13 QEI Velocity Capture register (QEICAP - 0x400B C034)

This register contains the most recently measured velocity of the encoder. This
corresponds to the number of velocity pulses counted in the previous velocity timer
period.The current velocity count is latched into this register when the velocity timer
overflows.
Table 607: QEI Velocity Capture register (QEICAP - address 0x400B C034) bit description

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Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Last velocity capture.

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28.6.3.14 QEI Velocity Compare register (VELCOMP - 0x400B C038)

This register contains a velocity compare value. This value is compared against the
captured velocity in the velocity capture register. If the capture velocity is less than the
value in this compare register, a velocity compare interrupt (VELC_Int) will be asserted, if
enabled.
Table 608: QEI Velocity Compare register (VELCOMP - address 0x400B C038) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Compare velocity pulse count.

28.6.3.15 QEI Digital Filter on PHA (FILTERPHA - 0x400B C03C)

This register contains the sampling count for the digital filter. A sampling count of zero
bypasses the filter.
Table 609: QEI Digital Filter ON PHA (FILTERPHA - address 0x400B C03C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Digital filter sampling delay for PhA.

28.6.3.16 QEI Digital Filter on PHB (FILTERPHB - 0x400B C040)

This register contains the sampling count for the digital filter. A sampling count of zero
bypasses the filter.
Table 610: QEI Digital Filter on PHB (FILTERPHB - address 0x400B C040) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Digital filter sampling delay for PhB.

28.6.3.17 QEI Digital Filter on INX (FILTERINX - 0x400B C044)

This register contains the sampling count for the digital filter. A sampling count of zero
bypasses the filter.
Table 611: QEI Digital Filter on INX (FILTERINX - address 0x400B C044) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Digital filter sampling delay for the index.

28.6.3.18 QEI index acceptance Window (WINDOW - 0x400B C048)

This register contains the width of the index acceptance window, when the index and the
phase/clock edges fall nearly together. If the activating phase/clock edge falls before the
index, but within the window, the (re)calibration will be activated on that phase/clock edge.
Table 612: QEI index acceptance Window (WINDOW - address 0x400B C048) bit description

UM10470

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Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

Index acceptance window width.

0xF

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Chapter 28: LPC178x/7x Quadrature Encoder Interface (QEI)

28.6.4 Interrupt registers

28.6.4.1 QEI Interrupt Status register (QEIINTSTAT - 0x400B CFE0)
This register provides the status of the encoder interface and the current set of interrupt
sources that are asserted to the controller. Bits set to 1 indicate the latched events that
have occurred; a zero bit indicates that the event in question has not occurred.
Table 613: QEI Interrupt Status register (QEIINTSTAT - address 0x400B CFE0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

0
1

INX_Int

Indicates that an index pulse was detected.

TIM_Int

Indicates that a velocity timer overflow occurred

VELC_Int

Indicates that captured velocity is less than compare velocity.

DIR_Int

Indicates that a change of direction was detected.

ERR_Int

Indicates that an encoder phase error was detected.

ENCLK_Int

Indicates that and encoder clock pulse was detected.

POS0_Int

Indicates that the position 0 compare value is equal to the current position.

POS1_Int

Indicates that the position 1compare value is equal to the current position.

POS2_Int

Indicates that the position 2 compare value is equal to the current position.

REV0_Int

Indicates that the index compare 0 value is equal to the current index count.

10

POS0REV_Int

Combined position 0 and revolution count interrupt. Set when both the POS0_Int bit 0
is set and the REV0_Int is set.

11

POS1REV_Int

Combined position 1 and revolution count interrupt. Set when both the POS1_Int bit 0
is set and the REV1_Int is set.

12

POS2REV_Int

Combined position 2 and revolution count interrupt. Set when both the POS2_Int bit 0
is set and the REV2_Int is set.

13

REV1_Int

Indicates that the index compare 1value is equal to the current index count.

14

REV2_Int

Indicates that the index compare 2 value is equal to the current index count.

15

MAXPOS_Int

Indicates that the current position count goes through the MAXPOS value to zero in 0
the forward direction, or through zero to MAXPOS in the reverse direction.

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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28.6.4.2 QEI Interrupt Set register (QEISET - 0x400B CFEC)

Writing a one to a bit in this register sets the corresponding bit in the QEI Interrupt Status
register (QEISTAT).
Table 614: QEI Interrupt Set register (QEISET - address 0x400B CFEC) bit description

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Bit

Symbol

Description

INX_Int

Writing a 1 sets the INX_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

TIM_Int

Writing a 1 sets the TIN_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

VELC_Int

Writing a 1 sets the VELC_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

DIR_Int

Writing a 1 sets the DIR_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

ERR_Int

Writing a 1 sets the ERR_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

ENCLK_Int

Writing a 1 sets the ENCLK_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

POS0_Int

Writing a 1 sets the POS0_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

POS1_Int

Writing a 1 sets the POS1_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

POS2_Int

Writing a 1 sets the POS2_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

REV0_Int

Writing a 1 sets the REV0_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

10

POS0REV_Int

Writing a 1 sets the POS0REV_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

11

POS1REV_Int

Writing a 1 sets the POS1REV_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

12

POS2REV_Int

Writing a 1 sets the POS2REV_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

13

REV1_Int

Writing a 1 sets the REV1_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

14

REV2_Int

Writing a 1 sets the REV2_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

15

MAXPOS_Int

Writing a 1 sets the MAXPOS_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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Chapter 28: LPC178x/7x Quadrature Encoder Interface (QEI)

28.6.4.3 QEI Interrupt Clear register (QEICLR - 0x400B CFE8)

Writing a one to a bit in this register clears the corresponding bit in the QEI Interrupt Status
register (QEISTAT).
Table 615: QEI Interrupt Clear register (QEICLR - 0x400B CFE8) bit description

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Bit

Symbol

Description

INX_Int

Writing a 1 clears the INX_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

TIM_Int

Writing a 1 clears the TIN_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

VELC_Int

Writing a 1 clears the VELC_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

DIR_Int

Writing a 1 clears the DIR_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

ERR_Int

Writing a 1 clears the ERR_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

ENCLK_Int

Writing a 1 clears the ENCLK_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

POS0_Int

Writing a 1 clears the POS0_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

POS1_Int

Writing a 1 clears the POS1_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

POS2_Int

Writing a 1 clears the POS2_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

REV0_Int

Writing a 1 clears the REV0_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

10

POS0REV_Int

Writing a 1 clears the POS0REV_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

11

POS1REV_Int

Writing a 1 clears the POS1REV_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

12

POS2REV_Int

Writing a 1 clears the POS2REV_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

13

REV1_Int

Writing a 1 clears the REV1_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

14

REV2_Int

Writing a 1 clears the REV2_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

15

MAXPOS_Int

Writing a 1 clears the MAXPOS_Int bit in QEIINTSTAT.

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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28.6.4.4 QEI Interrupt Enable register (QEIIE - 0x400B CFE4)

This register enables interrupt sources. Bits set to 1 enable the corresponding interrupt; a
zero bit disables the corresponding interrupt.
Table 616: QEI Interrupt Enable register (QEIIE - address 0x400B CFE4) bit description

UM10470

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Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

INX_Int

When 1, the INX_Int interrupt is enabled.

TIM_Int

When 1, the TIN_Int interrupt is enabled.

VELC_Int

When 1, the VELC_Int interrupt is enabled.

DIR_Int

When 1, the DIR_Int interrupt is enabled.

ERR_Int

When 1, the ERR_Int interrupt is enabled.

ENCLK_Int

When 1, the ENCLK_Int interrupt is enabled.

POS0_Int

When 1, the POS0_Int interrupt is enabled.

POS1_Int

When 1, the POS1_Int interrupt is enabled.

POS2_Int

When 1, the POS2_Int interrupt is enabled.

REV0_Int

When 1, the REV0_Int interrupt is enabled.

10

POS0REV_Int

When 1, the POS0REV_Int interrupt is enabled.

11

POS1REV_Int

When 1, the POS1REV_Int interrupt is enabled.

12

POS2REV_Int

When 1, the POS2REV_Int interrupt is enabled.

13

REV1_Int

When 1, the REV1_Int interrupt is enabled.

14

REV2_Int

When 1, the REV2_Int interrupt is enabled.

15

MAXPOS_Int

When 1, the MAXPOS_Int interrupt is enabled.

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be

written.

NA

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Chapter 28: LPC178x/7x Quadrature Encoder Interface (QEI)

28.6.4.5 QEI Interrupt Enable Set register (QEIIES - 0x400B CFDC)

Writing a one to a bit in this register sets the corresponding bit in the QEI Interrupt Enable
register (QEIIE).
Table 617: QEI Interrupt Enable Set register (QEIIES - address 0x400B CFDC) bit description

UM10470

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Bit

Symbol

Description

INX_Int

Writing a 1 enables the INX_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

TIM_Int

Writing a 1 enables the TIN_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

VELC_Int

Writing a 1 enables the VELC_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

DIR_Int

Writing a 1 enables the DIR_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

ERR_Int

Writing a 1 enables the ERR_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

ENCLK_Int

Writing a 1 enables the ENCLK_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

POS0_Int

Writing a 1 enables the POS0_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

POS1_Int

Writing a 1 enables the POS1_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

POS2_Int

Writing a 1 enables the POS2_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

REV0_Int

Writing a 1 enables the REV0_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

10

POS0REV_Int

Writing a 1 enables the POS0REV_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

11

POS1REV_Int

Writing a 1 enables the POS1REV_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

12

POS2REV_Int

Writing a 1 enables the POS2REV_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

13

REV1_Int

Writing a 1 enables the REV1_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

14

REV2_Int

Writing a 1 enables the REV2_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

15

MAXPOS_Int

Writing a 1 enables the MAXPOS_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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28.6.4.6 QEI Interrupt Enable Clear register (QEIIEC - 0x400B CFD8)

Writing a one to a bit in this register clears the corresponding bit in the QEI Interrupt
Enable register (QEIIE).
Table 618: QEI Interrupt Enable Clear register (QEIIEC - address 0x400B CFD8) bit
description

UM10470

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Bit

Symbol

Description

INX_Int

Writing a 1 disables the INX_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

TIM_Int

Writing a 1 disables the TIN_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

VELC_Int

Writing a 1 disables the VELC_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

DIR_Int

Writing a 1 disables the DIR_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

ERR_Int

Writing a 1 disables the ERR_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

ENCLK_Int

Writing a 1 disables the ENCLK_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

POS0_Int

Writing a 1 disables the POS0_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

POS1_Int

Writing a 1 disables the POS1_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

POS2_Int

Writing a 1 disables the POS2_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

REV0_Int

Writing a 1 disables the REV0_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

10

POS0REV_Int

Writing a 1 disables the POS0REV_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

11

POS1REV_Int

Writing a 1 disables the POS1REV_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

12

POS2REV_Int

Writing a 1 disables the POS2REV_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

13

REV1_Int

Writing a 1 disables the REV1_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

14

REV2_Int

Writing a 1 disables the REV2_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

15

MAXPOS_Int

Writing a 1 disables the MAXPOS_Int interrupt in the QEIIE register.

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

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29.1 Basic configuration

The RTC is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCRTC (applies to both the RTC and
the Event Recorder).
Remark: On reset, the RTC is enabled. See Section 29.7 for power saving options.

2. Clock: The RTC uses the 1 Hz clock output from the RTC oscillator as the internal
function clock. The peripheral clock is used for accessing RTC registers.
3. Interrupts: See Section 29.6.1 for RTC interrupt handling. Interrupts are enabled in
the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.

29.2 Features
Measures the passage of time to maintain a calendar and clock. Provides seconds,
minutes, hours, day of month, month, year, day of week, and day of year.

Ultra-low power design to support battery powered systems. Less than 1 microamp
required for battery operation. Uses power from the CPU power supply when it is
present.

20 bytes of Battery-backed storage and RTC operation when power is removed from
the CPU.

Dedicated 32 kHz ultra low power oscillator.

Dedicated battery power supply pin.
RTC power supply is isolated from the rest of the chip.
Calibration counter allows adjustment to better than 1 sec/day with 1 sec resolution.
Periodic interrupts can be generated from increments of any field of the time registers.
Alarm interrupt can be generated for a specific date/time.

29.3 Description
The Real Time Clock (RTC) is a set of counters for measuring time when system power is
on, and optionally when it is off. It uses very little power when its registers are not being
accessed by the CPU, especially reduced power modes. On the LPC178x/177x, the RTC
is clocked by a separate 32 kHz oscillator that produces a 1 Hz internal time reference.
The RTC is powered by its own power supply pin, VBAT, which can be connected to a
battery, externally tied to a 3V supply, or left floating.
The RTC power domain is shown in conceptual form in Figure 152. A detailed view of the
time keeping portion of the RTC is shown in Figure 153.

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29.4 Architecture
101014

VDD(REG)(3v3) pin

to main regulator
RTC power domain
Ultra-low
power
regulator

Power
selector

VBAT pin

Backup
Registers

RTC power
RTCX1
Ultra-low
power
oscillator

1 Hz clock

Real Time Clock

Functional Block

RTC Alarm
& Interrupt

RTCX2
RTC_ALARM pin

Fig 152. RTC domain conceptual diagram

Alarm Registers
minute
hour

second

day

month

year

month

year

alarm compare
1 Hz
Clock
second
LSB
out

minute

LSB
set

hour

Time Registers

day
day of
week

Alarm out
and Alarm
Interrupts
Counter
Increment
Interrupts

day of
year
sign
bit
match
calibration
control
logic

Calibration
calibration compare register
calibration compare
counter
reset
calibration counter

101014

Fig 153. RTC functional block diagram

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29.5 Pin description

Table 619. RTC pin description
Name

Type

Description

RTC_ALARM

Output

Alarm output from the RTC. This is an active low, open drain pin that goes LOW when the
internal RTC alarm is asserted. The output is cleared by writing a 1 to the RTCALF bit in the
Interrupt Location Register. This pin is powered by VBAT.

RTCX1

Input

Input to the RTC oscillator circuit.

RTCX2

Output

Output from the RTC oscillator circuit.

Remark: If the RTC is not used, the RTCX1/2 pins can be left floating.

VBAT

Input

RTC power supply: Typically connected to an external 3V battery. If this pin is not
powered, the RTC is still powered internally if VDD(REG)(3V3) is present.

29.6 Register description

The RTC includes a number of registers, shown in Table 620. Detailed descriptions of the
registers follow. In these descriptions, for most of the registers the Reset Value column
shows "NC", meaning that these registers are Not Changed by a Reset. Software must
initialize these registers between power-on and setting the RTC into operation. The
registers are split into five sections by functionality.

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Chapter 29: LPC178x/7x Real Time Clock (RTC)

Table 620. Real-Time Clock register map

Name

Description

Access

Reset Value[1]

Address

Table

Miscellaneous registers (see Section 29.6.2)

ILR

Interrupt Location Register

R/W

0x4002 4000

621

CCR

Clock Control Register

R/W

NC

0x4002 4008

621

CIIR

Counter Increment Interrupt Register

R/W

0x4002 400C

623

AMR

Alarm Mask Register

R/W

0x4002 4010

624

RTC_AUX

RTC Auxiliary control register

R/W

0x8

0x4002 405C

625

RTC_AUXEN

RTC Auxiliary Enable register

R/W

0x4002 4058

626

Consolidated time registers (see Section 29.6.3)

CTIME0

Consolidated Time Register 0

RO

NC

0x4002 4014

627

CTIME1

Consolidated Time Register 1

RO

NC

0x4002 4018

628

CTIME2

Consolidated Time Register 2

RO

NC

0x4002 401C

629

Time counter registers (see Section 29.6.4)

SEC

Seconds Counter

R/W

NC

0x4002 4020

631

MIN

Minutes Register

R/W

NC

0x4002 4024

631

HOUR

Hours Register

R/W

NC

0x4002 4028

631

DOM

Day of Month Register

R/W

NC

0x4002 402C

631

DOW

Day of Week Register

R/W

NC

0x4002 4030

631

DOY

Day of Year Register

R/W

NC

0x4002 4034

631

MONTH

Months Register

R/W

NC

0x4002 4038

631

YEAR

Years Register

R/W

NC

0x4002 403C

631

CALIBRATION

Calibration Value Register

R/W

NC

0x4002 4040

632

General purpose registers (see Section 29.6.6)

GPREG0

General Purpose Register 0

R/W

NC

0x4002 4044

633

GPREG1

General Purpose Register 1

R/W

NC

0x4002 4048

633

GPREG2

General Purpose Register 2

R/W

NC

0x4002 404C

633

GPREG3

General Purpose Register 3

R/W

NC

0x4002 4050

633

GPREG4

General Purpose Register 4

R/W

NC

0x4002 4054

633

Alarm register group (see Section 29.6.7)

ALSEC

Alarm value for Seconds

R/W

NC

0x4002 4060

634

ALMIN

Alarm value for Minutes

R/W

NC

0x4002 4064

634

ALHOUR

Alarm value for Hours

R/W

NC

0x4002 4068

634

ALDOM

Alarm value for Day of Month

R/W

NC

0x4002 406C

634

ALDOW

Alarm value for Day of Week

R/W

NC

0x4002 4070

634

ALDOY

Alarm value for Day of Year

R/W

NC

0x4002 4074

634

ALMON

Alarm value for Months

R/W

NC

0x4002 4078

634

ALYEAR

Alarm value for Year

R/W

NC

0x4002 407C

634

[1]

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Reset values apply only to a power-up of the RTC block, other types of reset have no effect on this block.
Since the RTC is powered whenever either of the VDD(REG)(3V3), or VBAT supplies are present, power-up
reset occurs only when both supplies were absent and then one is turned on. Most registers are not
affected by power-up of the RTC and must be initialized by software if the RTC is enabled. The Reset Value
reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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Chapter 29: LPC178x/7x Real Time Clock (RTC)

29.6.1 RTC interrupts

Interrupt generation is controlled through the Interrupt Location Register (ILR), Counter
Increment Interrupt Register (CIIR), the alarm registers, and the Alarm Mask Register
(AMR). Interrupts are generated only by the transition into the interrupt state. The ILR
separately enables CIIR and AMR interrupts. Each bit in CIIR corresponds to one of the
time counters. If CIIR is enabled for a particular counter, then every time the counter is
incremented an interrupt is generated. The alarm registers allow the user to specify a date
and time for an interrupt to be generated. The AMR provides a mechanism to mask alarm
compares. If all non-masked alarm registers match the value in their corresponding time
counter, then an interrupt is generated.
The RTC and Event Recorder interrupts are combined, and can bring the microcontroller
out of Sleep, Deep Sleep, and Power-down modes when the RTC is running and the
RTC/Event Recorder interrupt is enabled in the NVIC. For details on the RTC based
wake-up process see Section 4.7.9 Wake-up from Reduced Power Modes on page 58
and Section 4.8 Wake-up timer on page 62.

29.6.2 Miscellaneous register group

29.6.2.1 Interrupt Location Register (ILR - 0x4002 4000)
The Interrupt Location Register is a 2-bit register that specifies which blocks are
generating an interrupt (see Table 621). Writing a one to the appropriate bit clears the
corresponding interrupt. Writing a zero has no effect. This allows the programmer to read
this register and write back the same value to clear only the interrupt that is detected by
the read.
Table 621. Interrupt Location Register (ILR - address 0x4002 4000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

RTCCIF

When one, the Counter Increment Interrupt block generated an interrupt. Writing a one to this bit 0
location clears the counter increment interrupt.

RTCALF

When one, the alarm registers generated an interrupt. Writing a one to this bit location clears the 0
alarm interrupt.

31:21 -

Reset
value

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

29.6.2.2 Clock Control Register (CCR - 0x4002 4008)

The clock register is a 4-bit register that controls the operation of the clock divide circuit.
Each bit of the clock register is described in Table 622. All NC bits in this register should
be initialized when the RTC is first turned on.
Table 622. Clock Control Register (CCR - address 0x4002 4008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

CLKEN

UM10470

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Value Description

Reset
value

Clock Enable.

NC

The time counters are enabled.

The time counters are disabled so that they may be initialized.

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Table 622. Clock Control Register (CCR - address 0x4002 4008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

CTCRST

Value Description

Reset
value

CTC Reset.

When one, the elements in the internal oscillator divider are reset, and remain reset until
CCR[1] is changed to zero. This is the divider that generates the 1 Hz clock from the
32.768 kHz crystal. The state of the divider is not visible to software.

No effect.

3:2

Internal test mode controls. These bits must be 0 for normal RTC operation.

NC

CCALEN

Calibration counter enable.

NC

31:5

The calibration counter is disabled and reset to zero.

The calibration counter is enabled and counting, using the 1 Hz clock. When the
calibration counter is equal to the value of the CALIBRATION register, the counter resets
and repeats counting up to the value of the CALIBRATION register. See Section 29.6.4.2
and Section 29.6.5.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

29.6.2.3 Counter Increment Interrupt Register (CIIR - 0x4002 400C)

The Counter Increment Interrupt Register (CIIR) gives the ability to generate an interrupt
every time a counter is incremented. This interrupt remains valid until cleared by writing a
1 to bit 0 of the Interrupt Location Register (ILR[0]).
Table 623. Counter Increment Interrupt Register (CIIR - address 0x4002 400C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

IMSEC

When 1, an increment of the Second value generates an interrupt.

IMMIN

When 1, an increment of the Minute value generates an interrupt.

IMHOUR

When 1, an increment of the Hour value generates an interrupt.

IMDOM

When 1, an increment of the Day of Month value generates an interrupt.

IMDOW

When 1, an increment of the Day of Week value generates an interrupt.

IMDOY

When 1, an increment of the Day of Year value generates an interrupt.

IMMON

When 1, an increment of the Month value generates an interrupt.

IMYEAR

When 1, an increment of the Year value generates an interrupt.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

29.6.2.4 Alarm Mask Register (AMR - 0x4002 4010)

The Alarm Mask Register (AMR) allows the user to mask any of the alarm registers.
Table 624 shows the relationship between the bits in the AMR and the alarms. For the
alarm function, every non-masked alarm register must match the corresponding time
counter for an interrupt to be generated. The interrupt is generated only when the counter
comparison first changes from no match to match. The interrupt is removed when a one is
written to the appropriate bit of the Interrupt Location Register (ILR). If all mask bits are
set, then the alarm is disabled.

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Table 624. Alarm Mask Register (AMR - address 0x4002 4010) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

AMRSEC

When 1, the Second value is not compared for the alarm.

AMRMIN

When 1, the Minutes value is not compared for the alarm.

AMRHOUR When 1, the Hour value is not compared for the alarm.

AMRDOM

When 1, the Day of Month value is not compared for the alarm.

AMRDOW

When 1, the Day of Week value is not compared for the alarm.

AMRDOY

When 1, the Day of Year value is not compared for the alarm.

AMRMON

When 1, the Month value is not compared for the alarm.

AMRYEAR

When 1, the Year value is not compared for the alarm.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

29.6.2.5 RTC Auxiliary control register (RTC_AUX - 0x4002 405C)

The RTC Auxiliary Control register contains added interrupt flags for functions that are not
part of the Real Time Clock itself (the part recording the passage of time and generating
other time related functions). On the LPC178x/177x, the only added interrupt flag is for
failure of the RTC oscillator.
Table 625. RTC Auxiliary control register (RTC_AUX - address 0x4002 405C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

3:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

RTC_OSCF

RTC Oscillator Fail detect flag.

Read: this bit is set if the RTC oscillator stops, and when RTC power is first turned on. An
interrupt will occur when this bit is set, the RTC_OSCFEN bit in RTC_AUXEN is a 1, and the
RTC interrupt is enabled in the NVIC.
Write: writing a 1 to this bit clears the flag.
5

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

RTC_PDOUT When 0: the RTC_ALARM pin reflects the RTC alarm status.

31:7

NA
0

When 1: the RTC_ALARM pin indicates Deep Power-down mode.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

29.6.2.6 RTC Auxiliary Enable register (RTC_AUXEN - 0x4002 4058)

The RTC Auxiliary Enable Register controls whether additional interrupt sources
represented in the RTC Auxiliary control register are enabled.
Table 626. RTC Auxiliary Enable register (RTC_AUXEN - address 0x4002 4058) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

3:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

RTC_OSCFEN Oscillator Fail Detect interrupt enable.

When 0: the RTC Oscillator Fail detect interrupt is disabled.

When 1: the RTC Oscillator Fail detect interrupt is enabled. See Section 29.6.2.5.
31:5

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Chapter 29: LPC178x/7x Real Time Clock (RTC)

29.6.3 Consolidated time registers

The values of the Time Counters can optionally be read in a consolidated format which
allows the programmer to read all time counters with only three read operations. The
various registers are packed into 32-bit values as shown in Table 627, Table 628, and
Table 629. The least significant bit of each register is read back at bit 0, 8, 16, or 24.
The Consolidated Time Registers are read-only. To write new values to the Time
Counters, the Time Counter addresses should be used.

29.6.3.1 Consolidated Time Register 0 (CTIME0 - 0x4002 4014)

The Consolidated Time Register 0 contains the low order time values: Seconds, Minutes,
Hours, and Day of Week.
Table 627. Consolidated Time register 0 (CTIME0 - address 0x4002 4014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

5:0

Seconds

Seconds value in the range of 0 to 59

NC

7:6

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

13:8

Minutes

Minutes value in the range of 0 to 59

NC

15:14

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

20:16

Hours

Hours value in the range of 0 to 23

NC

23:21

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NC

26:24

Day Of Week Day of week value in the range of 0 to 6

NA

31:27

NC

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

29.6.3.2 Consolidated Time Register 1 (CTIME1 - 0x4002 4018)

The Consolidate Time Register 1 contains the Day of Month, Month, and Year values.
Table 628. Consolidated Time register 1 (CTIME1 - address 0x4002 4018) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

4:0

Day of Month Day of month value in the range of 1 to 28, 29, 30, or 31 (depending on the month and
whether it is a leap year).

NC

7:5

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

11:8

Month

Month value in the range of 1 to 12.

NC

15:12

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

27:16

Year

Year value in the range of 0 to 4095.

NC

31:28

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

29.6.3.3 Consolidated Time Register 2 (CTIME2 - 0x4002 401C)

The Consolidate Time Register 2 contains just the Day of Year value.
Table 629. Consolidated Time register 2 (CTIME2 - address 0x4002 401C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

11:0

Day of Year

Day of year value in the range of 1 to 365 (366 for leap years).

NC

31:12

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

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Chapter 29: LPC178x/7x Real Time Clock (RTC)

29.6.4 Time Counter Group

The time value consists of the eight counters shown in Table 630 and Table 631. These
counters can be read or written at the locations shown in Table 631.
Table 630. Time Counter relationships and values
Counter

Size

Enabled by

Minimum value

Maximum value

Second

1 Hz Clock

59

Minute

Second

59

Hour

Minute

23

Day of Month

Hour

28, 29, 30 or 31

Day of Week

Hour

Day of Year

Hour

365 or 366 (for leap year)

Month

Day of Month

12

Year

12

Month or day of Year

4095

Table 631. Time Counter registers

Name

Size

Description

Access

Address

SEC

Seconds value in the range of 0 to 59

R/W

0x4002 4020

MIN

Minutes value in the range of 0 to 59

R/W

0x4002 4024

HOUR

Hours value in the range of 0 to 23

R/W

0x4002 4028

DOM

Day of month value in the range of 1 to 28, 29, 30, or 31 (depending on the
month and whether it is a leap year).[1]

R/W

0x4002 402C

DOW

Day of week value in the range of 0 to 6[1]

R/W

0x4002 4030

DOY

Day of year value in the range of 1 to 365 (366 for leap years)[1]

R/W

0x4002 4034

MONTH

Month value in the range of 1 to 12

R/W

0x4002 4038

YEAR

12

Year value in the range of 0 to 4095

R/W

0x4002 403C

[1]

These values are simply incremented at the appropriate intervals and reset at the defined overflow point.
They are not calculated and must be correctly initialized in order to be meaningful.

29.6.4.1 Leap year calculation

The RTC does a simple bit comparison to see if the two lowest order bits of the year
counter are zero. If true, then the RTC considers that year a leap year. The RTC considers
all years evenly divisible by 4 as leap years. This algorithm is accurate from the year 1901
through the year 2099, but fails for the year 2100, which is not a leap year. The only effect
of leap year on the RTC is to alter the length of the month of February for the month, day
of month, and year counters.

29.6.4.2 Calibration register (CALIBRATION - address 0x4002 4040)

The following register is used to calibrate the time counter.

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Table 632. Calibration register (CALIBRATION - address 0x4002 4040) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

16:0

CALVAL

If enabled, the calibration counter counts up to this value. The maximum value is 131, NC
072 corresponding to about 36.4 hours. Calibration is disabled if CALVAL = 0.

17

CALDIR

31:12

Reset
value

Calibration direction

NC

Backward calibration. When CALVAL is equal to the calibration counter, the RTC
timers will stop incrementing for 1 second.

Forward calibration. When CALVAL is equal to the calibration counter, the RTC timers
will jump by 2 seconds.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

29.6.5 Calibration procedure

The calibration logic can periodically adjust the time counter either by not incrementing
the counter, or by incrementing the counter by 2 instead of 1. This allows calibrating the
RTC oscillator under some typical voltage and temperature conditions without the need to
externally trim the RTC oscillator.
A recommended method for determining the calibration value is to use the CLKOUT
feature to unintrusively observe the RTC oscillator frequency under the conditions it is to
be trimmed for, and calculating the number of clocks that will be seen before the time is off
by one second. That value is used to determine CALVAL.
If the RTC oscillator is trimmed externally, the same method of unintrusively observing the
RTC oscillator frequency may be helpful in that process.
Backward calibration

Enable the RTC timer and calibration in the CCR register (set bits CLKEN = 1 and
CCALEN = 0). In the CALIBRATION register, set the calibration value CALVAL 1 and
select CALDIR = 1.

The SEC timer and the calibration counter count up for every 1 Hz clock cycle.
When the calibration counter reaches CALVAL, a calibration match occurs and all
RTC timers will be stopped for one clock cycle so that the timers will not increment in
the next cycle.

If an alarm match event occurs in the same cycle as the calibration match, the alarm
interrupt will be delayed by one cycle to avoid a double alarm interrupt.
Forward calibration

Enable the RTC timer and calibration in the CCR register (set bits CLKEN = 1 and
CCALEN = 0). In the CALIBRATION register, set the calibration value CALVAL 1 and
select CALDIR = 0.

The SEC timer and the calibration counter count up for every 1 Hz clock cycle.
When the calibration counter reaches CALVAL, a calibration match occurs and the
RTC timers are incremented by 2.

When the calibration event occurs, the LSB of the ALSEC register is forced to be one
so that the alarm interrupt will not be missed when skipping a second.

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Chapter 29: LPC178x/7x Real Time Clock (RTC)

29.6.6 General purpose registers

29.6.6.1 General purpose registers 0 to 4 (GPREG0 to GPREG4 - addresses
0x4002 4044 to 0x4002 4054)
These registers can be used to store important information when the main power supply is
off. The value in these registers is not affected by chip reset.
Table 633. General purpose registers 0 to 4 (GPREG0 to GPREG4 - addresses 0x4002 4044
to 0x4002 4054) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

31:0

GP0 to GP4

General purpose storage.

N/A

29.6.7 Alarm register group

The alarm registers are shown in Table 634. The values in these registers are compared
with the time counters. If all the unmasked (See Section 29.6.2.4 Alarm Mask Register
(AMR - 0x4002 4010) on page 720) alarm registers match their corresponding time
counters then an interrupt is generated. The interrupt is cleared when a 1 is written to bit 1
of the Interrupt Location Register (ILR[1]).
Table 634. Alarm registers
Name

Size

Description

Access

Address

ALSEC

Alarm value for Seconds

R/W

0x4002 4060

ALMIN

Alarm value for Minutes

R/W

0x4002 4064

ALHOUR

Alarm value for Hours

R/W

0x4002 4068

ALDOM

Alarm value for Day of Month

R/W

0x4002 406C

ALDOW

Alarm value for Day of Week

R/W

0x4002 4070

ALDOY

Alarm value for Day of Year

R/W

0x4002 4074

ALMON

Alarm value for Months

R/W

0x4002 4078

ALYEAR

12

Alarm value for Years

R/W

0x4002 407C

29.7 RTC usage notes

If the RTC is used, VBAT may be connected to an independent power supply (typically an
external battery), or left floating. The RTC domain will always be internally powered if
VDD(REG)(3V3) is present, even if there is no power applied to VBAT. As long as power is
available on either VDD(REG)(3V3) or VBAT, the RTC will not lose its time value and backup
register contents. If both VDD(REG)(3V3) and VBAT are not present, all RTC information will
be lost. The RTC will stop incrementing or be unpredictable if the clock source is lost,
interrupted, or altered. The Event Recorder is powered in the same manner as the RTC.

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Chapter 30: LPC178x/7x Event Monitor/Recorder
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30.1 Basic configuration

The Event Monitor/Recorder is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCRTC (applies to both the RTC and
the Event Monitor/Recorder).
Remark: On reset, the Event Monitor/Recorder is enabled. Refer to the LPC178x/7x
User Manual RTC chapter.

2. Clock: The Event Monitor/Recorder uses the 1 Hz clock output from the RTC
oscillator as the internal function clock. The peripheral clock is used for accessing
RTC registers.
3. Interrupts: Refer to the LPC178x/7x User Manual RTC chapter for RTC/Event
Monitor/Recorder interrupt handling. Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the
appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.

30.2 Features
Three digital event inputs in the VBAT power domain.
An event is a level change at the digital event inputs.
For each event channel, two timestamps mark the first and the last occurrence of an
event. Each channel also has a dedicated counter tracking the total number of events.
Timestamp values are taken from the RTC (refer to the LPC178x/7x User Manual
RTC chapter).

Runs in VBAT power domain, independent of system power supply. Can therefore run
in Deep Power Down mode.

Very low-power consumption.

Interrupt available if system is up.
A qualified event can be used as a wake-up trigger.
State of event inputs accessible by software through general purpose I/O.

30.3 Applications
Recording of tampering events in sealed product enclosures. Sensors report any attempt
to open the enclosure, or to tamper with the device in any other way. The primary purpose
of the Event Monitor/Recorder is to store records of such events when the device is
powered only by the backup battery.

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30.4 Description
In a typical application, two event inputs connect to switches guarding the meter cover
and the terminal cover. A third event input monitors for instance the output of a magnetic
field sensor.
The Event Monitor/Recorder relies on VBAT to be present at all times. A loss or dip of
VBAT voltage causes the Real-Time Clock power fail detector to reset the event
recordings. It is therefore important to have a VBAT power source that can deliver power
for the longest expected mains power outage.
Once system power is restored, the CPU can check for recorded tamper events. If there
were tamper events, the timestamp registers for the first and the last event would indicate
the period over which they occurred.
An edge on an event input is sampled with either a 1 kHz clock, a 64 Hz clock, or a 16 Hz
clock. A transition in either direction must be captured by two successive edges of this
clock in order to be recognized as a valid transition. This provides a 1-2 ms rejection filter
in case of the 1 kHz sample clock, a 15.6-31.2 ms rejection filter in case of the 64 Hz
sample clock, and a 62.5-125ms rejection filter in case of the 16 Hz sample clock. -Such
an event will set the EVx bit in the ERSTATUS register on the next rising edge of the 1 Hz
clock.
If an event occurs, a timestamp will be taken from the RTC and stored in the
ERLASTSTAMPx register. This timestamp will be updated with every new event. The
event will also update the ERFIRSTSTAMPx register if this is the first event to occur since
the last time the EVx bit in the status register was cleared.
In addition to taking the timestamp(s), a 3-bit counter (ERCOUNTERx) will be
incremented on the rising edge of the 1 Hz clock (i.e. coincident with the
ERLASTSTAMPx register being updated). The counter stops counting and holds when it
reaches a count of seven. It will be cleared automatically when the software clears the
EVx bit in the status register.
An event can be enabled to clear the backup registers in the RTC block asynchronously.
This works even when the 32 kHz oscillator is not running or when Event
Monitor/Recorder clocks are disabled.
The following figure shows a block diagram of the Event Monitor/Recorder.

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RTC

Timestamp value
doy:h:m:s

ERCONTROL

ERFIRSTSTAMP0
ERLASTSTAMP0

RTC_EV0
Control
Block

RTC_EV1

ERFIRSTSTAMP1
ERLASTSTAMP1

RTC_EV2
ERFIRSTSTAMP2
ERSTATUS

ERLASTSTAMP2
To wakeup/interrupt

100524

Fig 154. Event Monitor/Recorder block diagram

The CPU may at any time check the ERSTATUS register for events. If, for instance the
EV0 bit is set, the corresponding ERFIRSTSTAMP0 and ERLASTSTAMP0 registers
contain valid timestamps. The ERCOUNTER0 will also contain a valid count of the total
number of events on channel 0 (up to a maximum of seven).
Once the (private) timestamps have been read, the CPU can clear the ERSTATUS.EVx
bits by writing a 1 to it.
The CPU should ignore the timestamp registers if the ERSTATUS.EVx bit is cleared.
There is no mechanism to clear or invalidate the timestamps after the event flag in the
status register has been cleared. The timestamp registers will keep their old values until a
new qualified event updates them. Such a qualified event will set the ERSTATUS.EVx bit
and inform the CPU that the timestamp registers contain new values.
An event channel can be qualified as a wake-up trigger signal by setting the
INTWAKE_ENAx bit in the ERCONTROL register. An event in that channel will then wake
up the device from a power saving mode.

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30.5 Pin description

Table 635. Event Monitor/Recorder pin description
Name

Type

Description

RTC_EV0

Input

Event input for Event Monitor/Recorder channel 0.

RTC_EV1

Input

Event input for Event Monitor/Recorder channel 1.

RTC_EV2

Input

Event input for Event Monitor/Recorder channel 2.

30.6 Register description

The Event Monitor/Recorder includes a number of registers, shown in Table 636. Detailed
descriptions of the registers follow. In these descriptions, the Reset Value shown applies
only to a power-up of the RTC domain, meaning that these registers are Not Changed by
a device Reset.
Table 636. Event Monitor/Recorder register map
Name

Description

ERCONTROL

Event Monitor/Recorder Control register. Contains bits that control

R/W
actions for the event channels as well as for Event Monitor/Recorder
setup.

0x4002 4084

ERSTATUS

Event Monitor/Recorder Status register. Contains status flags for

event channels and other Event Monitor/Recorder conditions.

R/W

0x4002 4080

ERCOUNTERS

Event Monitor/Recorder Counters register. Allows reading the

counters associated with the event channels.

RO

0x4002 4088

ERFIRSTSTAMP0 Event Monitor/Recorder First Stamp register for channel 0. Retains

the time stamp for the first event on channel 0.

RO

NA

0x4002 4090

ERFIRSTSTAMP1 Event Monitor/Recorder First Stamp register for channel 1 (see

ERFIRSTSTAMP0 description).

RO

NA

0x4002 4094

ERFIRSTSTAMP2 Event Monitor/Recorder First Stamp register for channel 2 (see

ERFIRSTSTAMP0 description).

RO

NA

0x4002 4098

ERLASTSTAMP0

Event Monitor/Recorder Last Stamp register for channel 0. Retains

the time stamp for the last (i.e. most recent) event on channel 0.

RO

NA

0x4002 40A0

ERLASTSTAMP1

Event Monitor/Recorder Last Stamp register for channel 1 (see

ERLASTSTAMP0 description).

RO

NA

0x4002 40A4

ERLASTSTAMP2

Event Monitor/Recorder Last Stamp register for channel 2 (see

ERLASTSTAMP0 description).

RO

NA

0x4002 40A8

[1]

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Access

Reset
Address
Value[1]

Reset values apply only to a power-up of the Event Monitor/Recorder block, other types of reset have no
effect on this block. Since the Event Monitor/Recorder is powered whenever either of the VDD(REG)(3V3), or
VBAT supplies are present, power-up reset occurs only when both supplies were absent and then one is
turned on. The Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits
content.

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30.6.1 Event Monitor/Recorder Control Register (ERCONTROL 0x4002 4084)

The Event Monitor/Recorder Control Register allows setup of the Event Monitor/Recorder
and individual control over aspects of each channels operation.
Table 637. Event Monitor/Recorder Control Register (ERCONTROL - 0x4002 4084) bit description
Bit

Symbol

INTWAKE_EN0

Value Description

Reset
value

Interrupt and wakeup enable for channel 0.

No interrupt or wakeup will be generated by event channel 0.

An event in channel 0 will trigger an (RTC) interrupt and a wake-up request.

GPCLEAR_EN0

Enables automatically clearing the RTC general purpose registers when an event 0
occurs on channel 0.
0

Channel 0 has no influence on the general purpose registers.

An event in channel 0 will clear the general purpose registers asynchronously.

POL0

Selects the polarity of an event on input pin RTC_EV0.

0

A channel 0 event is defined as a negative edge on RTC_EV0.

A channel 0 event is defined as a positive edge on RTC_EV0.

Event enable control for channel 0.[1]

EV0_INPUT_EN
0

Event 0 input is disabled and forced high internally.

Event 0 input is enabled.

9:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

10

INTWAKE_EN1

Interrupt and wakeup enable for channel 1.

0
1
11

GPCLEAR_EN1

13

POL1

21

A channel 1 event is defined as a negative edge on RTC_EV1.

A channel 1 event is defined as a positive edge on RTC_EV1.

Event enable control for channel 1.[1]

0

Event 1 input is disabled and forced high internally.

Event 1 input is enabled.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

INTWAKE_EN2

NA

Interrupt and wakeup enable for channel 2.

0

No interrupt or wakeup will be generated by event channel 2.

An event in channel 2 will trigger an (RTC) interrupt and a wake-up request.

GPCLEAR_EN2

User manual

A n event in channel 1 will clear the general purpose registers asynchronously.

0
EV1_INPUT_EN

UM10470

Channel 1 has no influence on the general purpose registers.

Selects the polarity of an event on input pin RTC_EV1.

19:14 20

An event in channel 1 will trigger an (RTC) interrupt and a wake-up request.

Enables automatically clearing the RTC general purpose registers when an event 0
occurs on channel 1.

0
12

No interrupt or wakeup will be generated by event channel 1.

Enables automatically clearing the RTC general purpose registers when an event 0
occurs on channel 2.
0

Channel 2 has no influence on the general purpose registers.

An event in channel 2 will clear the general purpose registers asynchronously.

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Table 637. Event Monitor/Recorder Control Register (ERCONTROL - 0x4002 4084) bit description
Bit

Symbol

22

POL2

23

Value Description

Reset
value

Selects the polarity of an event on input pin RTC_EV2.

0

A channel 2 event is defined as a negative edge on RTC_EV2.

A channel 2 event is defined as a positive edge on RTC_EV2.

Event enable control for channel 2.[1]

EV2_INPUT_EN
0
1

Event 2 input is disabled and forced high internally.

Event 2 input is enabled.

29:24 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:30 ERMODE

Controls enabling the Event Monitor/Recorder and selecting its operating

frequency.[2]

00

Event Monitor/Recorder clocks are disabled.

Operation of the Event Monitor/Recorder is disabled except for asynchronous
clearing of GP registers if selected.

01

Enable Event Monitor/Recorder and select a 16 Hz sample clock for event input
edge detection and glitch suppression.
Pulses (in either direction) shorter than 62.5 ms to 125 ms will be filtered out.

10

Enable Event Monitor/Recorder and select a 64 Hz sample clock for event input
edge detection and glitch suppression.
Pulses (in either direction) shorter than 15.6 ms to 31.2 ms will be filtered out.

11

Enable Event Monitor/Recorder and select a 1 kHz sample clock for event input
edge detection and glitch suppression.
Pulses (in either direction) shorter than 1 ms to 2 ms will be filtered out.

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[1]

Event Inputs should remain DISABLED when not being used for event detection, particularly if the
associated pin is being used for some other function.

[2]

Event Monitor/Recorder registers can always be written to regardless of the state of these bits. Events
occurring during the 1-sec interval immediately following enabling of the clocks may not be recognized.

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30.6.2 Event Monitor/Recorder Status Register (ERSTATUS - 0x4002 4080)

The Event Monitor/Recorder Status Register contains flags for the 3 event channels,
general purpose register clear flag, and the interrupt/wakeup flag.
Table 638. Event Monitor/Recorder Status Register (ERSTATUS - 0x4002 4080) bit description
Bit

Symbol

EV0

Value Description

Reset
value

Event flag for channel 0 (RTC_EV0 pin). Set at the end of any second if there has
been an event during the preceding second. This bit is cleared by writing a 1 to it.
Writing 0 has no effect.
0

No event change on channel 0.

At least one event has occurred on channel 0.

EV1

Event flag for channel 1 (RTC_EV1 pin). Set at the end of any second if there has
been an event during the preceding second. This bit is cleared by writing a 1 to it.
Writing 0 has no effect.
0

No event change on channel 1.

At least one event has occurred on channel 1.

EV2

Event flag for channel 2 (RTC_EV2 pin). Set at the end of any second if there has
been an event during the preceding second. This bit is cleared by writing a 1 to it.
Writing 0 has no effect.
0

No event change on channel 2.

At least one event has occurred on channel 2.

GP_CLEARED

General purpose register asynchronous clear flag. This bit is cleared by writing a 1 0
to it. Writing 0 has no effect.
0

General purpose registers have not been asynchronous cleared.

General purpose registers have been asynchronous cleared.

30:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31

WAKEUP

Interrupt/wakeup request flag (Read-only). This bit is cleared by writing a 1 to it.

Writing 0 has no effect.

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No interrupt/wakeup request is pending

An interrupt/wakeup request is pending.

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30.6.3 Event Monitor/Recorder Counters Register (ERCOUNTERS 0x4002 4088)

The Event Monitor/Recorder Counters Register is a read-only register that allows reading
counters that record the number of events on each Event Monitor/Recorder channel.
Table 639. Event Monitor/Recorder Counters Register (ERCOUNTERS - 0x4002 4088) bit
description
Bit

Symbol

2:0

COUNTER0 Value of the counter for event 0. If the counter reaches full count (the 0
value 7), it remains there if additional events occur. This counter is
cleared when the corresponding EVx bit in the ERSTATUS register is
cleared by software.

7:3

10:8

COUNTER1 Value of the counter for event 1. See description for COUNTER0.

15:11 -

Description

Reset
value

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA
0
NA

18:16 COUNTER2 Value of the counter for event 2. See description for COUNTER0.

31:19 -

NA

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

30.6.4 Event Monitor/Recorder First Stamp Register (ERFIRSTSTAMP0 0x0x4002 4090, ERFIRSTSTAMP1 - 0x0x4002 4094, ERFIRSTSTAMP2 0x4002 4098)
The read-only Event Monitor/Recorder First Stamp Registers record a timestamp (from
the RTC) of the first event that occurs on each Event Monitor/Recorder channel. This is
when the corresponding EVx bit in the ERSTATUS register becomes set. Once that has
happened, these registers will not change until software clears the corresponding EVx bit
in the ERSTATUS register.
Contents of these register are only valid if the corresponding EVx bit in the ERSTATUS
register = 1.
Table 640. Event Monitor/Recorder First Stamp Register (ERFIRSTSTAMP0 - 0x0x4002 4090,
ERFIRSTSTAMP1 - 0x0x4002 4094, ERFIRSTSTAMP2 - 0x4002 4098) bit
description

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Bit

Symbol Description

Reset
value

5:0

SEC

NA

11:6

MIN

Seconds value in the range of 0 to 59.

Minutes value in the range of 0 to 59.

NA

16:12 HOUR

Hours value in the range of 0 to 23.

NA

25:17 DOY

Day of Year value in the range of 1 to 366.

NA

31:26 -

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

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30.6.5 Event Monitor/Recorder Last Stamp Register (ERLASTSTAMP0 0x0x4002 40A0, ERLASTSTAMP1 - 0x0x4002 40A4, ERLASTSTAMP2 0x4002 40A8)
The read-only Event Monitor/Recorder Last Stamp Registers record a timestamp (from
the RTC) whenever an event occurs on each Event Monitor/Recorder channel.
Contents of these register are only valid if the corresponding EVx bit in the ERSTATUS
register = 1.
Note that after a first event on any channel, the contents of the corresponding
ERFIRSTSTAMP and ERLASTSTAMP registers will be the same (the first event and the
most recent event being the same). The values will diverge if a second event occurs on
the same channel
Table 641. Event Monitor/Recorder Last Stamp Register (ERLASTSTAMP0 - 0x0x4002 40A0,
ERLASTSTAMP1 - 0x0x4002 40A4, ERLASTSTAMP2 - 0x4002 40A8) bit
description

UM10470

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Bit

Symbol Description

Reset
value

5:0

SEC

NA

11:6

MIN

Seconds value in the range of 0 to 59.

Minutes value in the range of 0 to 59.

NA

16:12 HOUR

Hours value in the range of 0 to 23.

NA

25:17 DOY

Day of Year value in the range of 1 to 366.

NA

31:26 -

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

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Chapter 31: LPC178x/7x Windowed Watchdog Timer (WWDT)
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31.1 Features
Internally resets chip if not reloaded during the programmable timeout period.
Optional windowed operation requires reload to occur between a minimum and
maximum timeout period, both programmable.

Optional warning interrupt can be generated at a programmable time prior to

watchdog timeout.

Programmable 24 bit timer with internal fixed pre-scaler.

Selectable time period from 1,024 watchdog clocks (TWDCLK 256 4) to over 67
million watchdog clocks (TWDCLK 224 4) in increments of 4 watchdog clocks.

Safe watchdog operation. Once enabled, requires a hardware reset or a Watchdog

reset to be disabled.

A dedicated on-chip watchdog oscillator provides a reliable clock source that cannot
be turned off when the Watchdog Timer is running.

Incorrect feed sequence causes immediate watchdog reset if the watchdog is

enabled.

The watchdog reload value can optionally be protected such that it can only be
changed after the warning interrupt time is reached.

Flag to indicate Watchdog reset.

31.2 Applications
The purpose of the Watchdog Timer is to reset the microcontroller within a reasonable
amount of time if it enters an erroneous state. When enabled, a watchdog event will be
generated if the user program fails to "feed" (or reload) the Watchdog within a
predetermined amount of time. The Watchdog event will cause a chip reset if configured
to do so.
When a watchdog window is programmed, an early watchdog feed is also treated as a
watchdog event. This allows preventing situations where a system failure may still feed
the watchdog. For example, application code could be stuck in an interrupt service that
contains a watchdog feed. Setting the window such that this would result in an early feed
will generate a watchdog event, allowing for system recovery.
For interaction of the on-chip watchdog and other peripherals, especially the reset and
boot-up procedures, please refer to Section 3.4.

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Chapter 31: LPC178x/7x Windowed Watchdog Timer (WWDT)

31.3 Description
The Watchdog consists of a fixed divide by 4 pre-scaler and a 24 bit counter which
decrements when clocked. The minimum value from which the counter decrements is
0xFF. Setting a value lower than 0xFF causes 0xFF to be loaded in the counter. Hence the
minimum Watchdog interval is (TWDCLK 256 4) and the maximum Watchdog interval is
(TWDCLK 224 4) in multiples of (TWDCLK 4). The Watchdog should be used in the
following manner:

Set the Watchdog timer constant reload value in WDTC register.

Setup the Watchdog timer operating mode in WDMOD register.
Set a value for the watchdog window time in WDWINDOW register if windowed
operation is required.

Set a value for the watchdog warning interrupt in the WDWARNINT register if a
warning interrupt is required.

Enable the Watchdog by writing 0xAA followed by 0x55 to the WDFEED register.
The Watchdog must be fed again before the Watchdog counter reaches zero in order
to prevent a watchdog event. If a window value is programmed, the feed must also
occur after the watchdog counter passes that value.
When the Watchdog Timer is configured so that a watchdog event will cause a reset and
the counter reaches zero, the CPU will be reset, loading the stack pointer and program
counter from the vector table as in the case of external reset. The Watchdog time-out flag
(WDTOF) can be examined to determine if the Watchdog has caused the reset condition.
The WDTOF flag must be cleared by software.
When the Watchdog Timer is configured to generate a warning interrupt, the interrupt will
occur when the counter matches the value defined by the WDWARNINT register.
The watchdog timer block uses two clocks: PCLK and WDCLK. PCLK is used for the APB
accesses to the watchdog registers. WDCLK runs the watchdog timer counter. This clock
comes for a dedicated oscillator that is always on when the Watchdog Timer is enabled.
This oscillator has a typical frequency of 500 kHz (see Section 4.3.4).
There is some synchronization logic between these two clock domains. When the
WDMOD and WDTC registers are updated by APB operations, the new value will take
effect on the logic in the WDCLK clock domain in 3 WDCLK cycles. When the watchdog
timer is counting, the synchronization logic will first lock the value of the counter on
WDCLK and then synchronize it with the PCLK when the WDTV register is read by the
CPU.
The block diagram of the Watchdog is shown below in the Figure 155. The
synchronization logic (PCLK - WDCLK) is not shown in the block diagram.

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Chapter 31: LPC178x/7x Windowed Watchdog Timer (WWDT)

101116

WDTC
feed ok
Dedicated
Watchdog
Oscillator

wd_clk

24-bit down counter

enable count

WDTV

WDFEED
feed sequence
detect and
protection

in
range

WDTC write

feed ok

feed error

WDWIND
compare
0

WDINTVAL

compare

compare

underflow

interrupt
compare

shadow bit
feed ok
WDMOD
register

WDPROTECT

WDTOF

WDINT

WDRESET

WDEN

(WDMOD[4])

(WDMOD[2])

(WDMOD[3])

(WDMOD[1])

(WDMOD[0])

chip reset
watchdog
interrupt

Fig 155. Watchdog Timer block diagram

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Chapter 31: LPC178x/7x Windowed Watchdog Timer (WWDT)

31.4 Register description

The Watchdog contains 4 registers as shown in Table 642 below.
Table 642. Watchdog register map
Name

Description

Access

Reset
Value[1]

Address

Table

WDMOD

Watchdog mode register. This register determines the

basic mode and status of the Watchdog Timer.

R/W

0x4000 0000

643

WDTC

Watchdog timer constant register. The value in this

register determines the time-out value.

R/W

0xFF

0x4000 0004

645

WDFEED

Watchdog feed sequence register. Writing 0xAA followed

by 0x55 to this register reloads the Watchdog timer with
the value contained in WDTC.

WO

NA

0x4000 0008

646

WDTV

Watchdog timer value register. This register reads out the

current value of the Watchdog timer.

RO

0xFF

0x4000 000C

647

WDWARNINT

Watchdog Warning Interrupt compare value.

R/W

0x4000 0014

648

WDWINDOW

Watchdog Window compare value.

R/W

0xFF FFFF

0x4000 0018

649

[1]

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

31.4.1 Watchdog Mode register (WDMOD - 0x4000 0000)

The WDMOD register controls the operation of the Watchdog as per the combination of
WDEN and RESET bits. Note that a watchdog feed must be performed before any
changes to the WDMOD register take effect.
Table 643: Watchdog Mode register (WDMOD - 0x4000 0000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

WDEN

Value

Description

Reset Value

Watchdog enable bit. This bit is Set Only.

The watchdog timer is stopped.

The watchdog timer is running.

WDRESET

Watchdog reset enable bit. This bit is Set Only.

0

A watchdog timeout will not cause a chip reset.

A watchdog timeout will cause a chip reset.

WDTOF

Watchdog time-out flag. Set when the watchdog timer times out, by a feed
error, or by events associated with WDPROTECT, cleared by software.
Causes a chip reset if WDRESET = 1.

0 (Only after
external reset)

WDINT

Watchdog interrupt flag. Set when the timer reaches the value in
WDWARNINT. Cleared by software.

WDPROTECT

Watchdog update mode. This bit is Set Only.

7:5

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The watchdog reload value (WDTC) can be changed at any time.

The watchdog reload value (WDTC) can be changed only after the counter
is below the value of WDWARNINT and WDWINDOW. Note: this mode is
intended for use only when WDRESET =1.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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Chapter 31: LPC178x/7x Windowed Watchdog Timer (WWDT)

Once the WDEN, WDPROTECT, or WDRESET bits are set they can not be cleared by
software. Both flags are cleared by an external reset or a Watchdog timer reset.
WDTOF The Watchdog time-out flag is set when the Watchdog times out, when a feed
error occurs, or when WDPROTECT =1 and an attempt is made to write to the WDTC
register. This flag is cleared by software writing a 0 to this bit.
WDINT The Watchdog interrupt flag is set when the Watchdog counter reaches the value
specified by WDWARNINT. This flag is cleared when any reset occurs, and is cleared by
software by writing a 1 to this bit.

Watchdog reset or interrupt will occur any time the watchdog is running. If a watchdog
interrupt occurs in Sleep or Deep Sleep mode, it will wake up the device.
Table 644. Watchdog operating modes selection
WDEN

WDRESET

Mode of Operation

X (0 or 1)

Debug/Operate without the Watchdog running.

Watchdog interrupt mode: the watchdog warning interrupt will be generated but watchdog reset will
not. When this mode is selected, the watchdog counter reaching the value specified by
WDWARNINT will set the WDINT flag and the Watchdog interrupt request will be generated.

Watchdog reset mode: both the watchdog interrupt and watchdog reset are enabled. When this
mode is selected, the watchdog counter reaching the value specified by WDWARNINT will set the
WDINT flag and the Watchdog interrupt request will be generated, and the watchdog counter
reaching zero will reset the microcontroller. A watchdog feed prior to reaching the value of
WDWINDOW will also cause a watchdog reset.

31.4.2 Watchdog Timer Constant register (WDTC - base + -x04)

The WDTC register determines the time-out value. Every time a feed sequence occurs
the WDTC content is reloaded in to the Watchdog timer. This is pre-loaded with the value
0x00 00FF upon reset. Writing values below 0xFF will cause 0x00 00FF to be loaded into
the WDTC. Thus the minimum time-out interval is TWDCLK 256 4.
If the WDPROTECT bit in WDMOD = 1, an attempt to change the value of WDTC before
the watchdog counter is below the values of WDWARNINT and WDWINDOW will cause a
watchdog reset and set the WDTOF flag.
Table 645: Watchdog Timer Constant register (WDTC - 0x4000 0004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

23:0

Count

Watchdog time-out interval.

0x00 00FF

31:24

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31.4.3 Watchdog Feed register (WDFEED - 0x4000 0008)

Writing 0xAA followed by 0x55 to this register will reload the Watchdog timer with the
WDTC value. This operation will also start the Watchdog if it is enabled via the WDMOD
register. Setting the WDEN bit in the WDMOD register is not sufficient to enable the
Watchdog. A valid feed sequence must be completed after setting WDEN before the
Watchdog is capable of generating a reset. Until then, the Watchdog will ignore feed
errors. After writing 0xAA to WDFEED, access to any Watchdog register other than writing
0x55 to WDFEED causes an immediate reset/interrupt when the Watchdog is enabled,
and sets the WDTOF flag. The reset will be generated during the second PCLK following
an incorrect access to a Watchdog register during a feed sequence.
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Chapter 31: LPC178x/7x Windowed Watchdog Timer (WWDT)

Table 646: Watchdog Feed register (WDFEED - 0x4000 0008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

7:0

Feed

Feed value should be 0xAA followed by 0x55.

NA

31.4.4 Watchdog Timer Value register (WDTV - 0x4000 000C)

The WDTV register is used to read the current value of Watchdog timer counter.
When reading the value of the 24 bit counter, the lock and synchronization procedure
takes up to 6 WDCLK cycles plus 6 PCLK cycles, so the value of WDTV is older than the
actual value of the timer when it's being read by the CPU.
Table 647: Watchdog Timer Value register (WDTV - 0x4000 000C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

23:0

Count

Counter timer value.

0x00 00FF

31:24

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31.4.5 Watchdog Timer Warning Interrupt register (WDWARNINT 0x4000 0014)

The WDWARNINT register determines the watchdog timer counter value that will
generate a watchdog interrupt. When the watchdog timer counter matches the value
defined by WDWARNINT, an interrupt will be generated after the subsequent WDCLK.
A match of the watchdog timer counter to WDWARNINT occurs when the bottom 10 bits
of the counter have the same value as the 10 bits of WARNINT, and the remaining upper
bits of the counter are all 0. This gives a maximum time of 1,023 watchdog timer counts
(4,096 watchdog clocks) for the interrupt to occur prior to a watchdog event. If WARNINT
is set to 0, the interrupt will occur at the same time as the watchdog event.
Table 648: Watchdog Timer Warning Interrupt register (WDWINDOW - 0x4000 0014) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

9:0

WARNINT

Watchdog warning interrupt compare value.

31:10

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31.4.6 Watchdog Timer Window register (WDWINDOW - 0x4000 0018)

The WDWINDOW register determines the highest WDTV value allowed when a watchdog
feed is performed. If a feed valid sequence completes prior to WDTV reaching the value in
WDWINDOW, a watchdog event will occur.
WDWINDOW resets to the maximum possible WDTV value, so windowing is not in effect.
Table 649: Watchdog Timer Window register (WDWINDOW - 0x4000 0018) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

23:0

WINDOW

Watchdog window value.

0xFF FFFF

31:24

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

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Chapter 31: LPC178x/7x Windowed Watchdog Timer (WWDT)

31.5 Watchdog timing examples

The following figures illustrate several aspects of Watchdog Timer operation is shown
below in the Figure 156.

WDCLK / 4
Watchdog
Counter

125A 1259 1258 1257

Early Feed
Event
Watchdog
Reset
Conditions:
WDWINDOW = 0x1200
WDWARNINT = 0x3FF
WDTC
= 0x2000
Fig 156. Early Watchdog Feed with Windowed Mode Enabled

WDCLK / 4
Watchdog
Counter

1201 1200 11FF 11FE 11FD 11FC 2000 1FFF 1FFE 1FFD 1FFC

Correct Feed
Event
Watchdog
Reset
Conditions:
WDWINDOW = 0x1200
WDWARNINT = 0x3FF
WDTC
= 0x2000
Fig 157. Correct Watchdog Feed with Windowed Mode Enabled

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Chapter 31: LPC178x/7x Windowed Watchdog Timer (WWDT)

WDCLK / 4
Watchdog
Counter

0403 0402 0401 0400 03FF 03FE 03FD 03FC 03FB 03FA 03F9

Watchdog
Interrupt
Conditions:
WDWINDOW = 0x1200
WDWARNINT = 0x3FF
WDTC
= 0x2000
Fig 158. Watchdog Warning Interrupt

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Chapter 32: LPC178x/7x Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
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32.1 Basic configuration

The ADC is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set the PCADC bit.
Remark: On reset, the ADC is disabled. To enable the ADC, first set the PCADC bit,
and then enable the ADC in the AD0CR register (bit PDN Table 652). To disable the
ADC, first clear the PDN bit, and then clear the PCADC bit.

2. Peripheral clock: The ADC operates from the common PCLK that clocks both the bus
interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4. To scale
the clock for the ADC, see bits CLKDIV in Table 652.
3. Pins: Enable ADC0 pins and pin modes for the port pins with ADC0 functions through
the relevant IOCON registers (Section 8.4.1).
4. Interrupts: To enable interrupts in the ADC, see Table 656. Interrupts are enabled in
the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register. Disable the ADC
interrupt in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register.
5. DMA: See Section 32.6.4. For GPDMA system connections, see Table 664.

32.2 Features

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12-bit successive approximation analog to digital converter.

Input multiplexing among 8 pins.
Power-down mode.
Measurement range VSS to VREFP (typically 3 V; not to exceed VDDA voltage level).
12-bit conversion rate of 400 kHz.
Burst conversion mode for single or multiple inputs.
Optional conversion on transition on input pin or Timer Match signal.

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Chapter 32: LPC178x/7x Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

32.3 Description
Basic clocking for the A/D converters is provided by the APB clock. A programmable
divider is included in each converter to scale this clock to the clock (maximum 12.4 MHz)
needed by the successive approximation process. A fully accurate conversion requires 31
of these clocks.

Trigger sources:
P1[27]
P2[10]
T0_MAT[1]
T0_MAT[3]
T1_MAT[0]
T1_MAT[1]

Vrefp
Vdda
Vssa
AD0[0]
AD0[1]

Ready

AD0[3]
AD0[4]
AD0[5]

Start

Analog
multiplexer

12- bit
ADC
clock

AD0[6]

Power Down

Control
Result
registers

clock
divider

PCLK
PCONP[PCADC]

AD0[7]

APB bus

Digital
function
selection
and pin
mode
controls

AD0[2]

DMA request
channel select

interrupt request

port controls from

IOCON registers
digital functions to/
from other areas

101217

Fig 159. ADC block diagram

32.4 Pin description

Table 650 gives a brief summary of each of ADC related pins.
Table 650. ADC pin description
Pin

Type

Description

AD0[7] to
AD0[0]

Input

Analog Inputs. The ADC cell can measure the voltage on any of these input signals. Digital
signals are disconnected from the ADC input pins when the ADC function is selected on that
pin in the Pin Select register.
Warning: if the ADC is used, signal levels on analog input pins must not be above the level of
VDDA at any time. Otherwise, A/D converter readings will be invalid. If the A/D converter is not
used in an application then the pins associated with A/D inputs can be used as 5 V tolerant
digital IO pins.

VREFP

Reference

Voltage Reference. This pin provides a voltage reference level for the ADC and DAC. Note:
VREFP should be tied to VDD(3V3) if the ADC and DAC are not used.

VDDA, VSSA

Power

Analog Power and Ground. These should typically be the same voltages as VDD and VSS, but
should be isolated to minimize noise and error. Note: VDDA should be tied to VDD(3V3) and
VSSA should be tied to VSS if the ADC and DAC are not used.

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Chapter 32: LPC178x/7x Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

32.5 Register description

The A/D Converter registers are shown in Table 651.
Table 651. ADC registers
Generic
Name

Description

Access

Reset
value[1]

ADCR

A/D Control Register. The ADCR register must be written to select

the operating mode before A/D conversion can occur.

R/W

AD0CR 0x4003 4000

652

ADGDR

A/D Global Data Register. This register contains the ADCs DONE
bit and the result of the most recent A/D conversion.

R/W

NA

AD0GDR 0x4003 4004

653

ADINTEN

A/D Interrupt Enable Register. This register contains enable bits

that allow the DONE flag of each A/D channel to be included or
excluded from contributing to the generation of an A/D interrupt.

R/W

0x100

AD0INTEN 0x4003 400C

654

ADDR0

A/D Channel 0 Data Register. This register contains the result of

the most recent conversion completed on channel 0.

RO

NA

AD0DR0 0x4003 4010

655

ADDR1

A/D Channel 1 Data Register. This register contains the result of

the most recent conversion completed on channel 1.

RO

NA

AD0DR1 0x4003 4014

655

ADDR2

A/D Channel 2 Data Register. This register contains the result of

the most recent conversion completed on channel 2.

RO

NA

AD0DR2 0x4003 4018

655

ADDR3

A/D Channel 3 Data Register. This register contains the result of

the most recent conversion completed on channel 3.

RO

NA

AD0DR3 0x4003 401C

655

ADDR4

A/D Channel 4 Data Register. This register contains the result of

the most recent conversion completed on channel 4.

RO

NA

AD0DR4 0x4003 4020

655

ADDR5

A/D Channel 5 Data Register. This register contains the result of

the most recent conversion completed on channel 5.

RO

NA

AD0DR5 0x4003 4024

655

ADDR6

A/D Channel 6 Data Register. This register contains the result of

the most recent conversion completed on channel 6.

RO

NA

AD0DR6 0x4003 4028

655

ADDR7

A/D Channel 7 Data Register. This register contains the result of

the most recent conversion completed on channel 7.

RO

NA

AD0DR7 0x4003 402C

655

ADSTAT

A/D Status Register. This register contains DONE and OVERRUN

flags for all of the A/D channels, as well as the A/D interrupt/DMA
flag.

RO

AD0STAT 0x4003 4030

656

ADTRM

ADC trim register.

R/W

AD0TRM 0x4003 4034

657

[1]

AD0 Name & Table

Address

Reset value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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Chapter 32: LPC178x/7x Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

32.5.1 A/D Control Register (AD0CR - 0x4003 4000)

Table 652: A/D Control Register (AD0CR - address 0x4003 4000) bit description
Bit

Symbol Value Description

7:0

SEL

Selects which of the AD0[7:0] pins is (are) to be sampled and converted. For AD0, bit 0
0x01
selects Pin AD0[0], and bit 7 selects pin AD0[7]. In software-controlled mode, only one of
these bits should be 1. In hardware scan mode, any value containing 1 to 8 ones is
allowed. All zeroes is equivalent to 0x01.

15:8

CLKDIV

The APB clock (PCLK) is divided by (this value plus one) to produce the clock for the A/D 0
converter, which should be less than or equal to 12.4 MHz. Typically, software should
program the smallest value in this field that yields a clock of 12.4 MHz or slightly less, but
in certain cases (such as a high-impedance analog source) a slower clock may be
desirable.

16

BURST

Reset
value

The AD converter does repeated conversions at up to 400 kHz, scanning (if necessary)
0
through the pins selected by bits set to ones in the SEL field. The first conversion after the
start corresponds to the least-significant 1 in the SEL field, then higher numbered 1-bits
(pins) if applicable. Repeated conversions can be terminated by clearing this bit, but the
conversion thats in progress when this bit is cleared will be completed.
Remark: START bits must be 000 when BURST = 1 or conversions will not start.

0
20:17 21

PDN

Conversions are software controlled and require 31 clocks.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

The A/D converter is operational.

The A/D converter is in power-down mode.

23:22 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

26:24 START

When the BURST bit is 0, these bits control whether and when an A/D conversion is
started:

000

27

001

Start conversion now.

010

Start conversion when the edge selected by bit 27 occurs on the P2[10] pin.

011

Start conversion when the edge selected by bit 27 occurs on the P1[27] pin.

100

Start conversion when the edge selected by bit 27 occurs on MAT0.1. Note that this does
not require that the MAT0.1 function appear on a device pin.

101

Start conversion when the edge selected by bit 27 occurs on MAT0.3. Note that it is not
possible to cause the MAT0.3 function to appear on a device pin.

110

Start conversion when the edge selected by bit 27 occurs on MAT1.0. Note that this does
not require that the MAT1.0 function appear on a device pin.

111

Start conversion when the edge selected by bit 27 occurs on MAT1.1. Note that this does
not require that the MAT1.1 function appear on a device pin.

EDGE

31:28 -

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No start (this value should be used when clearing PDN to 0).

This bit is significant only when the START field contains 010-111. In these cases:
1

Start conversion on a falling edge on the selected CAP/MAT signal.

Start conversion on a rising edge on the selected CAP/MAT signal.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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32.5.2 A/D Global Data Register (AD0GDR - 0x4003 4004)

The A/D Global Data Register holds the result of the most recent A/D conversion that has
completed, and also includes copies of the status flags that go with that conversion.
Results of ADC conversion can be read in one of two ways. One is to use the A/D Global
Data Register to read all data from the ADC. Another is to use the A/D Channel Data
Registers. It is important to use one method consistently because the DONE and
OVERRUN flags can otherwise get out of synch between the AD0GDR and the A/D
Channel Data Registers, potentially causing erroneous interrupts or DMA activity.
Table 653: A/D Global Data Register (AD0GDR - address 0x4003 4004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

3:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

15:4

RESULT

When DONE is 1, this field contains a binary fraction representing the voltage on
NA
the AD0[n] pin selected by the SEL field, as it falls within the range of VREFP to VSS.
Zero in the field indicates that the voltage on the input pin was less than, equal to, or
close to that on VSS, while 0xFFF indicates that the voltage on the input was close
to, equal to, or greater than that on VREFP.

23:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

26:24

CHN

These bits contain the channel from which the RESULT bits were converted (e.g.
000 identifies channel 0, 001 channel 1...).

NA

29:27

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

30

OVERRUN

This bit is 1 in burst mode if the results of one or more conversions was (were) lost
and overwritten before the conversion that produced the result in the RESULT bits.
This bit is cleared by reading this register.

31

DONE

This bit is set to 1 when an A/D conversion completes. It is cleared when this
register is read and when the ADCR is written. If the ADCR is written while a
conversion is still in progress, this bit is set and a new conversion is started.

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Chapter 32: LPC178x/7x Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

32.5.3 A/D Interrupt Enable register (AD0INTEN - 0x4003 400C)

This register allows control over which A/D channels generate an interrupt when a
conversion is complete. For example, it may be desirable to use some A/D channels to
monitor sensors by continuously performing conversions on them. The most recent
results are read by the application program whenever they are needed. In this case, an
interrupt is not desirable at the end of each conversion for some A/D channels.
Table 654: A/D Interrupt Enable register (AD0INTEN - address 0x4003 400C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Value

Description

Reset
value

ADINTEN0

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 0 will not generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 0 will generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 1 will not generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 1 will generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 2 will not generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 2 will generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 3 will not generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 3 will generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 4 will not generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 4 will generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 5 will not generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 5 will generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 6 will not generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 6 will generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 7 will not generate an interrupt.

Completion of a conversion on ADC channel 7 will generate an interrupt.

Only the individual ADC channels enabled by ADINTEN7:0 will generate

interrupts.

The global DONE flag in ADDR is enabled to generate an interrupt in addition

to any individual ADC channels that are enabled to generate interrupts.

1
2
3
4
5
6

ADINTEN1
ADINTEN2
ADINTEN3
ADINTEN4
ADINTEN5
ADINTEN6

ADINTEN7

ADGINTEN

31:17

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Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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0
0
0
0
0
1

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Chapter 32: LPC178x/7x Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

32.5.4 A/D Data Registers (AD0DR0 to AD0DR7 - 0x4003 4010 to

0x4003 402C)
The A/D Data Registers hold the result of the last conversion for each A/D channel, when
an A/D conversion is complete. They also include the flags that indicate when a
conversion has been completed and when a conversion overrun has occurred.
Results of ADC conversion can be read in one of two ways. One is to use the A/D Global
Data Register to read all data from the ADC. Another is to use the A/D Channel Data
Registers. It is important to use one method consistently because the DONE and
OVERRUN flags can otherwise get out of synch between the AD0GDR and the A/D
Channel Data Registers, potentially causing erroneous interrupts or DMA activity.
Table 655: A/D Data Registers (AD0DR0 to AD0DR7 - 0x4003 4010 to 0x4003 402C) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

3:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

15:4

RESULT

When DONE is 1, this field contains a binary fraction representing the voltage on the AD0[n]
pin, as it falls within the range of VREFP to VSS. Zero in the field indicates that the voltage on
the input pin was less than, equal to, or close to that on VSS, while 0xFFF indicates that the
voltage on the input was close to, equal to, or greater than that on VREFP.

NA

29:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

30

OVERRUN This bit is 1 in burst mode if the results of one or more conversions was (were) lost and
overwritten before the conversion that produced the result in the RESULT bits.This bit is
cleared by reading this register.

31

DONE

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Chapter 32: LPC178x/7x Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

32.5.5 A/D Status register (ADSTAT - 0x4003 4030)

The A/D Status register allows checking the status of all A/D channels simultaneously.
The DONE and OVERRUN flags appearing in the ADDRn register for each A/D channel
are mirrored in ADSTAT. The interrupt flag (the logical OR of all DONE flags) is also found
in ADSTAT.
Table 656: A/D Status register (AD0STAT - address 0x4003 4030) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

DONE0

This bit mirrors the DONE status flag from the result register for A/D channel 0.

DONE1

This bit mirrors the DONE status flag from the result register for A/D channel 1.

DONE2

This bit mirrors the DONE status flag from the result register for A/D channel 2.

DONE3

This bit mirrors the DONE status flag from the result register for A/D channel 3.

DONE4

This bit mirrors the DONE status flag from the result register for A/D channel 4.

DONE5

This bit mirrors the DONE status flag from the result register for A/D channel 5.

DONE6

This bit mirrors the DONE status flag from the result register for A/D channel 6.

DONE7

This bit mirrors the DONE status flag from the result register for A/D channel 7.

OVERRUN0

This bit mirrors the OVERRRUN status flag from the result register for A/D channel 0.

OVERRUN1

This bit mirrors the OVERRRUN status flag from the result register for A/D channel 1.

10

OVERRUN2

This bit mirrors the OVERRRUN status flag from the result register for A/D channel 2.

11

OVERRUN3

This bit mirrors the OVERRRUN status flag from the result register for A/D channel 3.

12

OVERRUN4

This bit mirrors the OVERRRUN status flag from the result register for A/D channel 4.

13

OVERRUN5

This bit mirrors the OVERRRUN status flag from the result register for A/D channel 5.

14

OVERRUN6

This bit mirrors the OVERRRUN status flag from the result register for A/D channel 6.

15

OVERRUN7

This bit mirrors the OVERRRUN status flag from the result register for A/D channel 7.

16

ADINT

This bit is the A/D interrupt flag. It is one when any of the individual A/D channel Done
0
flags is asserted and enabled to contribute to the A/D interrupt via the ADINTEN register.

31:17

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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Chapter 32: LPC178x/7x Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

32.5.6 A/D Trim register (ADTRIM - 0x4003 4034)

This register will be set by the bootcode on start-up. It contains the trim values for the DAC
and the ADC. The offset trim values for the ADC can be overwritten by the user. All 12 bits
are visible when this register is read.
Table 657: A/D Trim register (ADTRM - address 0x4003 4034) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

3:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

7:4

ADCOFFS

Offset trim bits for ADC operation. Initialized by the boot code. Can be overwritten by the user. 0

11:8

TRIM

written-to by boot code. Can not be overwritten by the user. These bits are locked after boot
code write.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

31:12 -

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Chapter 32: LPC178x/7x Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

32.6 Operation
Once an ADC conversion is started, it cannot be interrupted. A new software write to
launch a new conversion or a new edge-trigger event will be ignored while the previous
conversion is in progress.

32.6.1 Hardware-triggered conversion

If the BURST bit in the ADCR is 0 and the START field contains 010-111, the ADC will
start a conversion when a transition occurs on a selected pin or Timer Match signal. The
choices include conversion on a specified edge of any of 4 Match signals, or conversion
on a specified edge of either of 2 Capture/Match pins. The pin state from the selected pad
or the selected Match signal, XORed with ADCR bit 27, is used in the edge detection
logic.

32.6.2 Interrupts
An interrupt request is asserted to the NVIC when the DONE bit is 1. Software can use the
Interrupt Enable bit for the A/D Converter in the NVIC to control whether this assertion
results in an interrupt. DONE is negated when the ADDR is read.

32.6.3 Accuracy vs. digital receiver

The ADC function must be selected via the ADMODE bit in the related IOCON registers in
order to obtain voltage readings on the monitored pin. The same IOCON registers should
also be set to the mode for which neither pull-up nor pull-down resistor is enabled. For a
pin hosting an ADC input, it is not possible to have a have a digital function selected and
yet get valid ADC readings, the analog input is disabled when a digital function is selected
on the pin.

32.6.4 DMA control

A DMA transfer request is generated from the ADC interrupt request line. To generate a
DMA transfer the same conditions must be met as the conditions for generating an
interrupt (see Section 32.6.2 and Section 32.5.3).
Remark: If the DMA is used, the ADC interrupt must be disabled in the NVIC.

For DMA transfers, only burst requests are supported. The burst size can be set to one in
the DMA channel control register (see Section 34.5.20). If the number of ADC channels is
not equal to one of the other DMA-supported burst sizes (applicable DMA burst sizes are
1, 4, 8 - see Section 34.5.20), set the burst size to one.
The DMA transfer size determines when a DMA interrupt is generated. The transfer size
can be set to the number of ADC channels being converted (see Section 34.5.20).
Non-contiguous channels can be transferred by the DMA using the scatter/gather linked
lists (see Section 34.5.19).

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33.1 Basic configuration

The DAC is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: The DAC is always connected to VDDA. Register access is determined by
IOCON register settings (see below).
2. Peripheral clock: The DAC operates from the common PCLK that clocks both the bus
interface and functional portion of most APB peripherals. See Section 4.6.4.
3. Pins: Enable the DAC pin and select the pin mode for DACOUT through the relevant
IOCON register (Section 8.4.1). This must be done before accessing any DAC
registers.
4. DMA: The DAC can be connected to the GPDMA controller (see Section 33.5.2). For
GPDMA connections, see Table 664.

33.2 Features

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10-bit digital to analog converter

Resistor string architecture
Buffered output
Power-down mode
Selectable speed vs. power
Maximum update rate of 1 MHz.

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Chapter 33: LPC178x/7x Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

33.3 Architecture
pbus

CNTVAL
pbus
pbus_wr_toDACR
pbus
16

pbus

DMA_ena

cnt_ena

set_intrpt
pbus_wr_to_DACR

S
C

LD
PRE-BUFFER

EN
LD
COUNTER

dblbuf_ena

16

zero

intrptDMA_req
set_intrpt
ena_cnt_and_dblbuf

MUX

pbus_wr_to_DACR

LD
DACR
pbus
DAC value

Fig 160. DAC control with DMA interrupt and timer

33.4 Pin description

Table 658 gives a brief summary of each of DAC related pins.
Table 658. D/A Pin Description
Pin

Type

Description

DAC_OUT

Output

Analog Output. After the selected settling time after the DACR is written with a new value,
the voltage on this pin (with respect to VSSA) is VALUE ((VREFP - VREFN)/1024) + VREFN.

VREFP

Reference

Voltage Reference. This pin provides a voltage reference level for the ADC and DAC. Note:
VREFP should be tied to VDD(3V3) if the ADC and DAC are not used.

VDDA, VSSA

Power

Analog Power and Ground. These should typically be the same voltages as VDD and VSS,
but should be isolated to minimize noise and error. Note: VDDA should be tied to VDD(3V3)
and VSSA should be tied to VSS if the ADC and DAC are not used.

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Chapter 33: LPC178x/7x Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

33.5 Register description

The DAC registers are shown in Table 659. Note that the DAC does not have a control bit
in the PCONP register. To enable the DAC, its output must be selected to appear on the
related pin, P0[26], by configuring the relevant IOCON register (Section 8.4.1). See
Section 8.4.1 I/O configuration register contents (IOCON). the DAC must be enabled in
this manner prior to accessing any DAC registers.
Table 659. DAC registers
Name

Description

Access

Reset
value[1]

Address

Table

DACR

D/A Converter Register. This register contains the digital value

to be converted to analog and a power control bit.

R/W

0x4008 C000

660

DACCTRL

DAC Control register. This register controls DMA and timer

operation.

R/W

0x4008 C004

661

DACCNTVAL

DAC Counter Value register. This register contains the reload

value for the DAC DMA/Interrupt timer.

R/W

0x4008 C008

662

[1]

Reset value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

33.5.1 D/A Converter Register (DACR - 0x4008 C000)

This read/write register includes the digital value to be converted to analog, and a bit that
trades off performance vs. power. Bits 5:0 are reserved for future, higher-resolution D/A
converters.
Table 660: D/A Converter Register (DACR - address 0x4008 C000) bit description
Bit

Symbol Value

Description

Reset
Value

5:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

15:6

VALUE

After the selected settling time after this field is written with a new VALUE, the voltage on 0
the DAC_OUT pin (with respect to VSSA) is VALUE ((VREFP - VREFN)/1024) + VREFN.

16

BIAS[1]

31:17 -

The settling time of the DAC is 1 s max, and the maximum current is 700 A. This allows 0
a maximum update rate of 1 MHz.

The settling time of the DAC is 2.5 s and the maximum current is 350 A. This allows a
maximum update rate of 400 kHz.
Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.
[1]

NA

The settling times noted in the description of the BIAS bit are valid for a capacitance load on the DAC_OUT
pin not exceeding 100 pF. A load impedance value greater than that value will cause settling time longer
than the specified time. One or more graphs of load impedance vs. settling time will be included in the final
data sheet.

33.5.2 D/A Converter Control register (DACCTRL - 0x4008 C004)

This read/write register enables the DMA operation and controls the DMA timer.

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Chapter 33: LPC178x/7x Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

Table 661. D/A Control register (DACCTRL - address 0x4008 C004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

INT_DMA_REQ 0

This bit is cleared on any write to the DACR register.

This bit is set by hardware when the timer times out.

DACR double-buffering is disabled.

When this bit and the CNT_ENA bit are both set, the double-buffering feature in the
DACR register will be enabled. Writes to the DACR register are written to a
pre-buffer and then transferred to the DACR on the next time-out of the counter.
Time-out counter operation is disabled.

Value Description

DBLBUF_ENA

Reset
Value

CNT_ENA

0
1

Time-out counter operation is enabled.

DMA_ENA

DMA access is disabled.

DMA Burst Request Input 7 is enabled for the DAC (see Table 664).

31:4

0
0

0
0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

33.5.3 D/A Converter Counter Value register (DACCNTVAL - 0x4008 C008)

This read/write register contains the reload value for the Interrupt/DMA counter.
Table 662: D/A Converter Counter Value register (DACCNTVAL - address 0x4008 C008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

15:0

VALUE

16-bit reload value for the DAC interrupt/DMA timer.

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Chapter 33: LPC178x/7x Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

33.6 Operation
33.6.1 DMA counter
When the counter enable bit CNT_ENA in DACCTRL is set, a 16-bit counter will begin
counting down, at the rate selected by PCLK (see Table 33), from the value programmed
into the DACCNTVAL register. The counter is decremented Each time the counter
reaches zero, the counter will be reloaded by the value of DACCNTVAL and the DMA
request bit INT_DMA_REQ will be set in hardware.
Note that the contents of the DACCTRL and DACCNTVAL registers are read and write
accessible, but the timer itself is not accessible for either read or write.
If the DMA_ENA bit is set in the DACCTRL register, the DAC DMA request will be routed
to the GPDMA. When the DMA_ENA bit is cleared, the default state after a reset, DAC
DMA requests are blocked.

33.6.2 Double buffering

Double-buffering is enabled only if both, the CNT_ENA and the DBLBUF_ENA bits are set
in DACCTRL. In this case, any write to the DACR register will only load the pre-buffer,
which shares its register address with the DACR register. The DACR itself will be loaded
from the pre-buffer whenever the counter reaches zero and the DMA request is set. At the
same time the counter is reloaded with the COUNTVAL register value.
Reading the DACR register will only return the contents of the DACR register itself, not the
contents of the pre-buffer register.
If either the CNT_ENA or the DBLBUF_ENA bits are 0, any writes to the DACR address
will go directly to the DACR register.

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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller
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34.1 Basic configuration

The GPDMA is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: In the PCONP register (Table 37), set bit PCGPDMA.
Remark: On reset, the GPDMA is disabled (PCGPDMA = 0).

2. Clock: The GPDMA operates at the AHB bus rate, which is the same as the CPU
clock rate (CCLK).
3. Interrupts: Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set
Enable register.
4. Programming: see Section 34.6.

34.2 Introduction
The DMA controller allows peripheral-to memory, memory-to-peripheral, and
memory-to-memory transactions. Each DMA stream provides unidirectional serial DMA
transfers for a single source and destination. For example, a bidirectional port requires
one stream for transmit and one for receive. The source and destination areas can each
be either a memory region or a peripheral.

34.3 Features
Eight DMA channels. Each channel can support one unidirectional transfer.
16 DMA request lines.
Memory-to-memory, memory-to-peripheral, and peripheral-to-memory transfers are
supported.

GPDMA supports the SD card interface, all SSPs, the I2S, all UARTs, the A/D
Converter, and the D/A Converter peripherals. DMA can also be triggered by selected
timer match conditions. Memory-to-memory transfers and transfers to or from GPIO
are also supported.

Scatter or gather DMA is supported through the use of linked lists. This means that
the source and destination areas do not have to occupy contiguous areas of memory.

Hardware DMA channel priority.

AHB slave DMA programming interface. The DMA Controller is programmed by
writing to the DMA control registers over the AHB slave interface.

One AHB bus master for transferring data. The interface transfers data when a DMA
request goes active.

32-bit AHB master bus width.

Incrementing or non-incrementing addressing for source and destination.
Programmable DMA burst size. The DMA burst size can be programmed to more
efficiently transfer data.

Internal four-word FIFO per channel.

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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

Supports 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit wide transactions.

Big-endian and little-endian support. The DMA Controller defaults to little-endian
mode on reset.

An interrupt to the processor can be generated on a DMA completion or when a DMA

error has occurred.

Raw interrupt status. The DMA error and DMA count raw interrupt status can be read
prior to masking.

DMA can operate in Sleep mode. (Note that in Sleep mode the GPDMA cannot
access the flash memory or the main SRAM).

34.4 Functional description

This section describes the major functional blocks of the DMA Controller.

34.4.1 DMA controller functional description

The DMA Controller enables peripheral-to-memory, memory-to-peripheral,
peripheral-to-peripheral, and memory-to-memory transactions. Each DMA stream
provides unidirectional serial DMA transfers for a single source and destination. For
example, a bidirectional port requires one stream for transmit and one for receive. The
source and destination areas can each be either a memory region or a peripheral, and
can be accessed through the AHB master. Figure 161 shows a block diagram of the DMA
Controller.

GPDMA

AHB BUS

DMA
requests
DMA
responses

DMA
Interrupts

AHB SLAVE
INTERFACE

CONTROL
LOGIC AND
REGISTERS

DMA
REQUEST
AND
RESPONSE
INTERFACE

CHANNEL
LOGIC AND
REGISTERS

AHB
MASTER
INTERFACE

AHB BUS

INTERRUPT
REQUEST

Fig 161. DMA controller block diagram

The functions of the DMA Controller are described in the following sections.

34.4.1.1 AHB slave interface

All transactions to DMA Controller registers on the AHB slave interface are 32 bits wide.
8-bit and 16-bit accesses are not supported and will result in an exception.

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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

34.4.1.2 Control logic and register bank

The register block stores data written or to be read across the AHB interface.

34.4.1.3 DMA request and response interface

See Section 34.4.2 for information on the DMA request and response interface.

34.4.1.4 Channel logic and channel register bank

The channel logic and channel register bank contains registers and logic required for each
DMA channel.

34.4.1.5 Interrupt request

The interrupt request generates the interrupt to the ARM processor.

34.4.1.6 AHB master interface

The DMA Controller contains one AHB master interface. The AHB master is capable of
dealing with all types of AHB transactions, including:

Split, retry, and error responses from slaves. If a peripheral performs a split or retry,
the DMA Controller stalls and waits until the transaction can complete.

Locked transfers for source and destination of each stream.

Setting of protection bits for transfers on each stream.
34.4.1.6.1

Bus and transfer widths

The physical width of the AHB bus is 32 bits. Source and destination transfers can be of
differing widths and can be the same width or narrower than the physical bus width. The
DMA Controller packs or unpacks data as appropriate.
34.4.1.6.2

Endian behavior

The DMA Controller can cope with both little-endian and big-endian addressing.
Internally the DMA Controller treats all data as a stream of bytes instead of 16-bit or 32-bit
quantities. This means that when performing mixed-endian activity, where the endianness
of the source and destination are different, byte swapping of the data within the 32-bit data
bus is observed.
Note: If byte swapping is not required, then use of different endianness between the
source and destination addresses must be avoided. Table 663 shows endian behavior for
different source and destination combinations.

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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

Table 663. Endian behavior

Source
endian

Destination
endian

Source
width

Destination
width

Source
Source data Destination Destination data
transfer
transfer
no/byte lane
no/byte lane

Little

Little

1/[7:0]

21

1/[7:0]

21212121

2/[15:8]

43

2/[15:8]

43434343

3/[23:16]

65

3/[23:16]

65656565

Little

Little

Little

Little

Little

Little

Little

Little

Big

UM10470

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Little

Little

Little

Little

Little

Little

Little

Little

Big

16

16

16

32

32

32

16

32

16

32

16

32

4/[31:24]

87

4/[31:24]

87878787

1/[7:0]

21

1/[15:0]

43214321

2/[15:8]

43

2/[31:16]

87658765

3/[23:16]

65

4/[31:24]

87

1/[7:0]

21

1/[31:0]

87654321

2/[15:8]

43

3/[23:16]

65

4/[31:24]

87

1/[7:0]

21

1/[7:0]

21212121

1/[15:8]

43

2/[15:8]

43434343

2/[23:16]

65

3/[23:16]

65656565

2/[31:24]

87

4/[31:24]

87878787

1/[7:0]

21

1/[15:0]

43214321

1/[15:8]

43

2/[31:16]

87658765

2/[23:16]

65
1/[31:0]

87654321

2/[31:24]

87

1/[7:0]

21

1/[15:8]

43

2/[23:16]

65

2/[31:24]

87

1/[7:0]

21

1/[7:0]

21212121

1/[15:8]

43

2/[15:8]

43434343

1/[23:16]

65

3/[23:16]

65656565

1/[31:24]

87

4/[31:24]

87878787

1/[7:0]

21

1/[15:0]

43214321

1/[15:8]

43

2/[31:16]

87658765

1/[23:16]

65

1/[31:24]

87

1/[7:0]

21

1/[31:0]

87654321

1/[15:8]

43

1/[23:16]

65

1/[31:24]

87

1/[31:24]

12

1/[31:24]

12121212

2/[23:16]

34

2/[23:16]

34343434

3/[15:8]

56

3/[15:8]

56565656

4/[7:0]

78

4/[7:0]

78787878

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Table 663. Endian behavior continued

Source
endian

Destination
endian

Source
width

Destination
width

Source
Source data Destination Destination data
transfer
transfer
no/byte lane
no/byte lane

Big

Big

16

1/[31:24]

12

1/[15:0]

12341234

2/[23:16]

34

2/[31:16]

56785678

3/[15:8]

56

4/[7:0]

78

1/[31:24]

12

1/[31:0]

12345678

2/[23:16]

34

3/[15:8]

56

4/[7:0]

78

1/[31:24]

12

1/[31:24]

12121212

1/[23:16]

34

2/[23:16]

34343434

2/[15:8]

56

3/[15:8]

56565656

Big

Big

Big

Big

Big

Big

Big

Big

Big

Big

Big

Big

Big

Big

34.4.1.6.3

32

16

16

16

16

32

32

32

16

32

32

2/[7:0]

78

4/[7:0]

78787878

1/[31:24]

12

1/[15:0]

12341234

1/[23:16]

34

2/[31:16]

56785678

2/[15:8]

56

2/[7:0]

78

1/[31:24]

12

1/[31:0]

12345678

1/[23:16]

34

2/[15:8]

56

2/[7:0]

78

1/[31:24]

12

1/[31:24]

12121212

1/[23:16]

34

2/[23:16]

34343434

1/[15:8]

56

3/[15:8]

56565656

1/[7:0]

78

4/[7:0]

78787878

1/[31:24]

12

1/[15:0]

12341234

1/[23:16]

34

2/[31:16]

56785678

1/[15:8]

56
1/[31:0]

12345678

1/[7:0]

78

1/[31:24]

12

1/[23:16]

34

1/[15:8]

56

1/[7:0]

78

Error conditions

An error during a DMA transfer is flagged directly by the peripheral by asserting an Error
response on the AHB bus during the transfer. The DMA Controller automatically disables
the DMA stream after the current transfer has completed, and can optionally generate an
error interrupt to the CPU. This error interrupt can be masked.

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34.4.1.7 Channel hardware

Each stream is supported by a dedicated hardware channel, including source and
destination controllers, as well as a FIFO. This enables better latency than a DMA
controller with only a single hardware channel shared between several DMA streams and
simplifies the control logic.

34.4.1.8 DMA request priority

DMA channel priority is fixed. DMA channel 0 has the highest priority and DMA channel 7
has the lowest priority.
If the DMA Controller is transferring data for the lower priority channel and then the higher
priority channel goes active, it completes the number of transfers delegated to the master
interface by the lower priority channel before switching over to transfer data for the higher
priority channel. Transfers delegated to the master interface are staged in the DMA
channel FIFO, so the amount of data that needs to transfer could be as large as a 4
words.
It is recommended that memory-to-memory transactions use the lowest priority channel.

34.4.1.9 Interrupt generation

A combined interrupt output is generated as an OR function of the individual interrupt
requests of the DMA Controller and is connected to the interrupt controller.

34.4.2 DMA system connections

34.4.2.1 DMA request signals
The DMA request signals are used by peripherals to request a data transfer. The DMA
request signals indicate whether a single or burst transfer of data is required. The DMA
available request signals are:
DMACBREQ[15:0] Burst request signals. These cause a programmed burst number
of data to be transferred.
DMACSREQ[15:0] Single transfer request signals. These cause a single data to be
transferred. The DMA controller transfers a single transfer to or from the peripheral.
DMACLBREQ[15:0] Last burst request signals.
DMACLSREQ[15:0] Last single transfer request signals.

Note that most peripherals do not support last request types, and many peripherals do
not support the single request type. See Section 34.4.2.3.

34.4.2.2 DMA response signals

The DMA response signals indicate whether the transfer initiated by the DMA request
signal has completed. The response signals can also be used to indicate whether a
complete packet has been transferred. The DMA response signals from the DMA
controller are:
DMACCLR[15:0] DMA clear or acknowledge signals. The DMACCLR signal is used by
the DMA controller to acknowledge a DMA request from the peripheral.

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DMACTC[15:0] DMA terminal count signals. The DMACTC signal can be used by the
DMA controller to indicate to the peripheral that the DMA transfer is complete.

34.4.2.3 DMA request connections

The connection of the GPDMA to the supported peripheral devices depends on the DMA
functions implemented in those peripherals. Table 664 shows the DMA Request numbers
used by the supported peripherals. Alternative requests on channels 0 through 7 and 10
through 15 are chosen via the DMACReqSel register, see Section 34.5.15.
Table 664. DMA connections
DMA
request

Burst Request

Single Request

Last Burst
Request

Last Single
Request

Comment

(unused) / T0_MAT[0]

Dedicated DMA request

SD card / T0_MAT[1]

SD card only

SD card only

SD card only

Dedicated DMA request

SSP0 Tx / T1_MAT[0]

SSP0 Tx only

Dedicated DMA request

SSP0 Rx / T1_MAT[1]

SSP0 Rx only

Dedicated DMA request

SSP1 Tx / T2_MAT[0]

SSP1 Tx only

Dedicated DMA request

SSP1 Rx / T2_MAT[1]

SSP1 Rx only

Dedicated DMA request

I2S

SSP2 TX /

channel 0

SSP2 Tx only

Dedicated DMA request

SSP2 Rx / I2S channel 1

SSP2 Rx only

Dedicated DMA request

ADC

ADC interrupt request [1]

DAC

Dedicated DMA request

10

UART0 Tx / UART3 Tx

Dedicated DMA request

11

UART0 Rx / UART3 Rx

Dedicated DMA request

12

UART1 Tx / UART4 Tx

Dedicated DMA request

13

UART1 Rx / UART4 Rx

Dedicated DMA request

14

UART2 Tx / T3_MAT[0]

Dedicated DMA request

15

UART2 Rx / T3_MAT[1]

Dedicated DMA request

[1]

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34.5 Register description

The DMA Controller supports 8 channels. Each channel has registers specific to the
operation of that channel. Other registers controls aspects of how source peripherals
relate to the DMA Controller. There are also global DMA control and status registers.
The DMA Controller registers are shown in Table 665.
Table 665. GPDMA register map
Name

Description

Access

Reset
Value

Address

Table

RO

0x2008 0000

666

General registers

DMACIntStat

DMA Interrupt Status Register

DMACIntTCStat

DMA Interrupt Terminal Count Request Status Register

RO

0x2008 0004

667

DMACIntTCClear

DMA Interrupt Terminal Count Request Clear Register

WO

0x2008 0008

668

DMACIntErrStat

DMA Interrupt Error Status Register

RO

0x2008 000C

669

DMACIntErrClr

DMA Interrupt Error Clear Register

WO

0x2008 0010

670

DMACRawIntTCStat

DMA Raw Interrupt Terminal Count Status Register

RO

0x2008 0014

671

DMACRawIntErrStat

DMA Raw Error Interrupt Status Register

RO

0x2008 0018

672

DMACEnbldChns

DMA Enabled Channel Register

RO

0x2008 001C

673

DMACSoftBReq

DMA Software Burst Request Register

R/W

0x2008 0020

674

DMACSoftSReq

DMA Software Single Request Register

R/W

0x2008 0024

675

DMACSoftLBReq

DMA Software Last Burst Request Register

R/W

0x2008 0028

676

DMACSoftLSReq

DMA Software Last Single Request Register

R/W

0x2008 002C

677

DMACConfig

DMA Configuration Register

R/W

0x2008 0030

678

DMACSync

DMA Synchronization Register

R/W

0x2008 0034

679

DMACReqSel

Selects between alternative requests on channels 0

through 7 and 10 through 15

R/W

0x400F C1C4

680

DMACC0SrcAddr

DMA Channel 0 Source Address Register

R/W

0x2008 0100

681

DMACC0DestAddr

DMA Channel 0 Destination Address Register

R/W

0x2008 0104

682

DMACC0LLI

DMA Channel 0 Linked List Item Register

R/W

0x2008 0108

683

DMACC0Control

DMA Channel 0 Control Register

R/W

0x2008 010C

684

0x2008 0110

685

Channel 0 registers

DMACC0Config

[1]

DMA Channel 0 Configuration Register

R/W

DMACC1SrcAddr

DMA Channel 1 Source Address Register

R/W

0x2008 0120

681

DMACC1DestAddr

DMA Channel 1 Destination Address Register

R/W

0x2008 0124

682

Channel 1 registers

DMACC1LLI

DMA Channel 1 Linked List Item Register

R/W

0x2008 0128

683

DMACC1Control

DMA Channel 1 Control Register

R/W

0x2008 012C

684

DMACC1Config

DMA Channel 1 Configuration Register

R/W

0 [1]

0x2008 0130

685

DMACC2SrcAddr

DMA Channel 2 Source Address Register

R/W

0x2008 0140

681

DMACC2DestAddr

DMA Channel 2 Destination Address Register

R/W

0x2008 0144

682

DMACC2LLI

DMA Channel 2 Linked List Item Register

R/W

0x2008 0148

683

DMACC2Control

DMA Channel 2 Control Register

R/W

0x2008 014C

684

Channel 2 registers

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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

Table 665. GPDMA register map

Name

Description

Access

Reset
Value

Address

Table

DMACC2Config

DMA Channel 2 Configuration Register

R/W

0 [1]

0x2008 0150

685

DMACC3SrcAddr

DMA Channel 3 Source Address Register

R/W

0x2008 0160

681

DMACC3DestAddr

DMA Channel 3 Destination Address Register

R/W

0x2008 0164

682

DMACC3LLI

DMA Channel 3 Linked List Item Register

R/W

0x2008 0168

683

DMACC3Control

DMA Channel 3 Control Register

R/W

0x2008 016C

684

DMACC3Config

DMA Channel 3 Configuration Register

R/W

0 [1]

0x2008 0170

685

DMACC4SrcAddr

DMA Channel 4 Source Address Register

R/W

0x2008 0180

681

DMACC4DestAddr

DMA Channel 4 Destination Address Register

R/W

0x2008 0184

682

DMACC4LLI

DMA Channel 4 Linked List Item Register

R/W

0x2008 0188

683

DMACC4Control

DMA Channel 4 Control Register

R/W

0x2008 018C

684

0x2008 0190

685

Channel 3 registers

Channel 4 registers

DMACC4Config

[1]

DMA Channel 4 Configuration Register

R/W

DMACC5SrcAddr

DMA Channel 5 Source Address Register

R/W

0x2008 01A0

681

DMACC5DestAddr

DMA Channel 5 Destination Address Register

R/W

0x2008 01A4

682

DMACC5LLI

DMA Channel 5 Linked List Item Register

R/W

0x2008 01A8

683

Channel 5 registers

DMACC5Control

DMA Channel 5 Control Register

R/W

0x2008 01AC

684

DMACC5Config

DMA Channel 5 Configuration Register

R/W

0 [1]

0x2008 01B0

685

DMACC6SrcAddr

DMA Channel 6 Source Address Register

R/W

0x2008 01C0

681

DMACC6DestAddr

DMA Channel 6 Destination Address Register

R/W

0x2008 01C4

682

DMACC6LLI

DMA Channel 6 Linked List Item Register

R/W

0x2008 01C8

683

DMACC6Control

DMA Channel 6 Control Register

R/W

0x2008 01CC

684

0x2008 01D0

685

Channel 6 registers

DMACC6Config

[1]

DMA Channel 6 Configuration Register

R/W

DMACC7SrcAddr

DMA Channel 7 Source Address Register

R/W

0x2008 01E0

681

DMACC7DestAddr

DMA Channel 7 Destination Address Register

R/W

0x2008 01E4

682

DMACC7LLI

DMA Channel 7 Linked List Item Register

R/W

0x2008 01E8

683

Channel 7 registers

DMACC7Control

DMA Channel 7 Control Register

R/W

0x2008 01EC

684

DMACC7Config

DMA Channel 7 Configuration Register

R/W

0 [1]

0x2008 01F0

685

[1]

Bit 17 of this register is a read-only status flag.

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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

34.5.1 DMA Interrupt Status register (DMACIntStat - 0x2008 0000)

The DMACIntStat Register is read-only and shows the status of the interrupts after
masking. A 1 bit indicates that a specific DMA channel interrupt request is active. The
request can be generated from either the error or terminal count interrupt requests.
Table 666 shows the bit assignments of the DMACIntStat Register.
Table 666. DMA Interrupt Status register (DMACIntStat - 0x2008 0000)
Bit

Name

7:0

IntStat

Function

Status of DMA channel interrupts after masking. Each bit represents one channel:
0 - the corresponding channel has no active interrupt request.
1 - the corresponding channel does have an active interrupt request.

31:8

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

34.5.2 DMA Interrupt Terminal Count Request Status register

(DMACIntTCStat - 0x2008 0004)
The DMACIntTCStat Register is read-only and indicates the status of the terminal count
after masking. Table 667 shows the bit assignments of the DMACIntTCStat Register.
Table 667. DMA Interrupt Terminal Count Request Status register (DMACIntTCStat - 0x2008 0004)
Bit

Name

Function

7:0

IntTCStat

Terminal count interrupt request status for DMA channels. Each bit represents one channel:
0 - the corresponding channel has no active terminal count interrupt request.
1 - the corresponding channel does have an active terminal count interrupt request.

31:8

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

34.5.3 DMA Interrupt Terminal Count Request Clear register

(DMACIntTCClear - 0x2008 0008)
The DMACIntTCClear Register is write-only and clears one or more terminal count
interrupt requests. When writing to this register, each data bit that contains a 1 causes the
corresponding bit in the status register (DMACIntTCStat) to be cleared. Data bits that are
0 have no effect. Table 668 shows the bit assignments of the DMACIntTCClear Register.
Table 668. DMA Interrupt Terminal Count Request Clear register (DMACIntTCClear - 0x2008 0008)
Bit

Name

Function

7:0

IntTCClear

Allows clearing the Terminal count interrupt request (IntTCStat) for DMA channels. Each bit
represents one channel:
0 - writing 0 has no effect.
1 - clears the corresponding channel terminal count interrupt.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

34.5.4 DMA Interrupt Error Status register (DMACIntErrStat - 0x2008 000C)

The DMACIntErrStat Register is read-only and indicates the status of the error request
after masking. Table 669 shows the bit assignments of the DMACIntErrStat Register.

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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

Table 669. DMA Interrupt Error Status register (DMACIntErrStat - 0x2008 000C)
Bit

Name

7:0

IntErrStat

Function

Interrupt error status for DMA channels. Each bit represents one channel:
0 - the corresponding channel has no active error interrupt request.
1 - the corresponding channel does have an active error interrupt request.

31:8

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

34.5.5 DMA Interrupt Error Clear register (DMACIntErrClr - 0x2008 0010)

The DMACIntErrClr Register is write-only and clears the error interrupt requests. When
writing to this register, each data bit that is 1 causes the corresponding bit in the status
register to be cleared. Data bits that are 0 have no effect on the corresponding bit in the
register. Table 670 shows the bit assignments of the DMACIntErrClr Register.
Table 670. DMA Interrupt Error Clear register (DMACIntErrClr - 0x2008 0010)
Bit

Name

Function

7:0

IntErrClr

Writing a 1 clears the error interrupt request (IntErrStat) for DMA channels. Each bit
represents one channel:
0 - writing 0 has no effect.
1 - clears the corresponding channel error interrupt.

31:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

34.5.6 DMA Raw Interrupt Terminal Count Status register

(DMACRawIntTCStat - 0x2008 0014)
The DMACRawIntTCStat Register is read-only and indicates which DMA channel is
requesting a transfer complete (terminal count interrupt) prior to masking. (Note: the
DMACIntTCStat Register contains the same information after masking.) A 1 bit indicates
that the terminal count interrupt request is active prior to masking. Table 671 shows the bit
assignments of the DMACRawIntTCStat Register.
Table 671. DMA Raw Interrupt Terminal Count Status register (DMACRawIntTCStat - 0x2008 0014)
Bit

Name

Function

7:0

RawIntTCStat

Status of the terminal count interrupt for DMA channels prior to masking. Each bit
represents one channel:
0 - the corresponding channel has no active terminal count interrupt request.
1 - the corresponding channel does have an active terminal count interrupt request.

31:8

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

34.5.7 DMA Raw Error Interrupt Status register (DMACRawIntErrStat 0x2008 0018)
The DMACRawIntErrStat Register is read-only and indicates which DMA channel is
requesting an error interrupt prior to masking. (Note: the DMACIntErrStat Register
contains the same information after masking.) A 1 bit indicates that the error interrupt
request is active prior to masking. Table 672 shows the bit assignments of register of the
DMACRawIntErrStat Register.

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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

Table 672. DMA Raw Error Interrupt Status register (DMACRawIntErrStat - 0x2008 0018)
Bit

Name

Function

7:0

RawIntErrStat

Status of the error interrupt for DMA channels prior to masking. Each bit represents one
channel:
0 - the corresponding channel has no active error interrupt request.
1 - the corresponding channel does have an active error interrupt request.

31:8

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

34.5.8 DMA Enabled Channel register (DMACEnbldChns - 0x2008 001C)

The DMACEnbldChns Register is read-only and indicates which DMA channels are
enabled, as indicated by the Enable bit in the DMACCxConfig Register. A 1 bit indicates
that a DMA channel is enabled. A bit is cleared on completion of the DMA transfer.
Table 673 shows the bit assignments of the DMACEnbldChns Register.
Table 673. DMA Enabled Channel register (DMACEnbldChns - 0x2008 001C)
Bit

Name

Function

7:0

EnabledChannels

Enable status for DMA channels. Each bit represents one channel:
0 - DMA channel is disabled.
1 - DMA channel is enabled.

31:8

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

34.5.9 DMA Software Burst Request register (DMACSoftBReq - 0x2008 0020)

The DMACSoftBReq Register is read/write and enables DMA burst requests to be
generated by software. A DMA request can be generated for each source by writing a 1 to
the corresponding register bit. A register bit is cleared when the transaction has
completed. Reading the register indicates which sources are requesting DMA burst
transfers. A request can be generated from either a peripheral or the software request
register. Each bit is cleared when the related transaction has completed. Table 674 shows
the bit assignments of the DMACSoftBReq Register.
Table 674. DMA Software Burst Request register (DMACSoftBReq - 0x2008 0020)
Bit

Name

Function

15:0

SoftBReq

Software burst request flags for each of 16 possible sources. Each bit represents one DMA
request line or peripheral function (refer to Table 664 for peripheral hardware connections to
the DMA controller):
0 - writing 0 has no effect.
1 - writing 1 generates a DMA burst request for the corresponding request line.

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

Note: It is recommended that software and hardware peripheral requests are not used at
the same time.

34.5.10 DMA Software Single Request register (DMACSoftSReq 0x2008 0024)

The DMACSoftSReq Register is read/write and enables DMA single transfer requests to
be generated by software. A DMA request can be generated for each source by writing a
1 to the corresponding register bit. A register bit is cleared when the transaction has
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completed. Reading the register indicates which sources are requesting single DMA
transfers. A request can be generated from either a peripheral or the software request
register. Table 675 shows the bit assignments of the DMACSoftSReq Register.
Table 675. DMA Software Single Request register (DMACSoftSReq - 0x2008 0024)
Bit

Name

Function

15:0

SoftSReq

Software single transfer request flags for each of 16 possible sources. Each bit represents
one DMA request line or peripheral function:
0 - writing 0 has no effect.
1 - writing 1 generates a DMA single transfer request for the corresponding request line.

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

34.5.11 DMA Software Last Burst Request register (DMACSoftLBReq 0x2008 0028)
The DMACSoftLBReq Register is read/write and enables DMA last burst requests to be
generated by software. A DMA request can be generated for each source by writing a 1 to
the corresponding register bit. A register bit is cleared when the transaction has
completed. Reading the register indicates which sources are requesting last burst DMA
transfers. A request can be generated from either a peripheral or the software request
register. Table 676 shows the bit assignments of the DMACSoftLBReq Register.
Table 676. DMA Software Last Burst Request register (DMACSoftLBReq - 0x2008 0028)
Bit

Name

Function

15:0

SoftLBReq

Software last burst request flags for each of 16 possible sources. Each bit represents one
DMA request line or peripheral function:
0 - writing 0 has no effect.
1 - writing 1 generates a DMA last burst request for the corresponding request line.

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

34.5.12 DMA Software Last Single Request register (DMACSoftLSReq 0x2008 002C)
The DMACSoftLSReq Register is read/write and enables DMA last single requests to be
generated by software. A DMA request can be generated for each source by writing a 1 to
the corresponding register bit. A register bit is cleared when the transaction has
completed. Reading the register indicates which sources are requesting last single DMA
transfers. A request can be generated from either a peripheral or the software request
register. Table 677 shows the bit assignments of the DMACSoftLSReq Register.
Table 677. DMA Software Last Single Request register (DMACSoftLSReq - 0x2008 002C)
Bit

Name

Function

15:0

SoftLSReq

Software last single transfer request flags for each of 16 possible sources. Each bit
represents one DMA request line or peripheral function:
0 - writing 0 has no effect.
1 - writing 1 generates a DMA last single transfer request for the corresponding request line.

31:16

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Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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34.5.13 DMA Configuration register (DMACConfig - 0x2008 0030)

The DMACConfig Register is read/write and configures the operation of the DMA
Controller. The endianness of the AHB master interface can be altered by writing to the M
bit of this register. The AHB master interface is set to little-endian mode on reset.
Table 678 shows the bit assignments of the DMACConfig Register.
Table 678. DMA Configuration register (DMACConfig - 0x2008 0030)
Bit

Name

Function

DMA Controller enable:

0 = disabled (default). Disabling the DMA Controller reduces power consumption.
1 = enabled.

AHB Master endianness configuration:

0 = little-endian mode (default).
1 = big-endian mode.

31:2

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

34.5.14 DMA Synchronization register (DMACSync - 0x2008 0034)

The DMACSync Register is read/write and enables or disables synchronization logic for
the DMA request signals. The DMA request signals consist of the DMACBREQ[15:0],
DMACSREQ[15:0], DMACLBREQ[15:0], and DMACLSREQ[15:0]. A bit set to 0 enables
the synchronization logic for a particular group of DMA requests. A bit set to 1 disables the
synchronization logic for a particular group of DMA requests. This register is reset to 0,
enabling synchronization logic by default. Table 679 shows the bit assignments of the
DMACSync Register.
Table 679. DMA Synchronization register (DMACSync - 0x2008 0034)
Bit

Name

Function

15:0

DMACSync

Controls the synchronization logic for DMA request signals. Each bit represents one set of
DMA request lines as described in the preceding text:
0 - synchronization logic for the corresponding DMA request signals are enabled.
1 - synchronization logic for the corresponding DMA request signals are disabled.

31:16

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Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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34.5.15 DMA Request Select register (DMACReqSel - 0x400F C1C4)

DMACReqSel is a read/write register that allows selecting between potential DMA
requests for DMA inputs 0 through 7 and 10 through 15. Table 680 shows the bit
assignments of the DMACReqSel Register.
Table 680. DMA Request Select register (DMACReqSel - 0x400F C1C4)
Bit

Name

Function

DMASEL00

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 0:

0 - (unused)
1 - Timer 0 match 0 is selected.

DMASEL01

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 1:

0 - SD card interface is selected.

1 - Timer 0 match 1 is selected.

DMASEL02

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 2:

0 - SSP0 transmit is selected.

DMASEL03

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 3:

0 - SSP0 receive is selected.

1 - Timer 1 match 0 is selected.

1 - Timer 1 match 1 is selected.
4

DMASEL04

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 4:

0 - SSP1 transmit is selected.

1 - Timer 2 match 0 is selected.

DMASEL05

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 5:

0 - SSP1 receive is selected.

1 - Timer 2 match 1 is selected.

DMASEL06

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 6:

0 - SSP2 transmit is selected.

1 - I2S channel 0 is selected.

DMASEL07

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 7:

0 - SSP2 receive is selected.

1 - I2S channel 1 is selected.

9:8

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

10

DMASEL10

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 10:

0 - UART0 transmit is selected.

1 - UART3 transmit is selected.

11

DMASEL11

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 11:

0 - UART0 receive is selected.

1 - UART3 receive is selected.

12

DMASEL12

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 12:

0 - UART1 transmit is selected.

1 - UART4 transmit is selected.

13

DMASEL13

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 13:

0 - UART1 receive is selected.

14

DMASEL14

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 14:

0 - UART2 transmit is selected.

1 - UART4 receive is selected.

1 - Timer 3 match 0 is selected.
15

DMASEL15

Selects the DMA request for GPDMA input 15:

0 - UART2 receive is selected.

1 - Timer 3 match 1 is selected.

31:16 -

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

34.5.15.1 Timer DMA requests

Timer DMA requests are generated by the timer when the timer value matches the related
Match register (see Section 24.6.12). If the DMA controller is configured so that a timer
DMA request is selected as an input to a DMA channel, and the DMA channel is enabled,
the DMA controller will act on that request.

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34.5.16 DMA Channel registers

The channel registers are used to program the eight DMA channels. These registers
consist of:

Eight DMACCxSrcAddr Registers.

Eight DMACCxDestAddr Registers.
Eight DMACCxLLI Registers.
Eight DMACCxControl Registers.
Eight DMACCxConfig Registers.

When performing scatter/gather DMA, the first four of these are automatically updated.

34.5.17 DMA Channel Source Address registers (DMACCxSrcAddr 0x2008 01x0)

The eight read/write DMACCxSrcAddr Registers (DMACC0SrcAddr to DMACC7SrcAddr)
contain the current source address (byte-aligned) of the data to be transferred. Each
register is programmed directly by software before the appropriate channel is enabled.
When the DMA channel is enabled this register is updated:

As the source address is incremented.

By following the linked list when a complete packet of data has been transferred.
Reading the register when the channel is active does not provide useful information. This
is because by the time software has processed the value read, the address may have
progressed. It is intended to be read-only when the channel has stopped, in which case it
shows the source address of the last item read.
Note: The source and destination addresses must be aligned to the source and
destination widths.
Table 681 shows the bit assignments of the DMACCxSrcAddr Registers.
Table 681. DMA Channel Source Address registers (DMACCxSrcAddr - 0x2008 01x0)
Bit

Name

Function

31:0

SrcAddr

DMA source address. Reading this register will return the current source address.

34.5.18 DMA Channel Destination Address registers (DMACCxDestAddr 0x2008 01x4)

The eight read/write DMACCxDestAddr Registers (DMACC0DestAddr to
DMACC7DestAddr) contain the current destination address (byte-aligned) of the data to
be transferred. Each register is programmed directly by software before the channel is
enabled. When the DMA channel is enabled the register is updated as the destination
address is incremented and by following the linked list when a complete packet of data
has been transferred. Reading the register when the channel is active does not provide
useful information. This is because by the time that software has processed the value
read, the address may have progressed. It is intended to be read-only when a channel
has stopped, in which case it shows the destination address of the last item read.
Table 682 shows the bit assignments of the DMACCxDestAddr Register.

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Table 682. DMA Channel Destination Address registers (DMACCxDestAddr - 0x2008 01x4)
Bit

Name

Function

31:0

DestAddr

DMA Destination address. Reading this register will return the current destination address.

34.5.19 DMA Channel Linked List Item registers (DMACCxLLI - 0x2008 01x8)
The eight read/write DMACCxLLI Registers (DMACC0LLI to DMACC7LLI) contain a
word-aligned address of the next Linked List Item (LLI). If the LLI is 0, then the current LLI
is the last in the chain, and the DMA channel is disabled when all DMA transfers
associated with it are completed. Programming this register when the DMA channel is
enabled may have unpredictable side effects. Table 683 shows the bit assignments of the
DMACCxLLI Register.
Table 683. DMA Channel Linked List Item registers (DMACCxLLI - 0x2008 01x8)
Bit

Name

Function

1:0

Reserved, and must be written as 0.

31:2

LLI

Linked list item. Bits [31:2] of the address for the next LLI. Address bits [1:0] are 0.

34.5.20 DMA channel control registers (DMACCxControl - 0x2008 01xC)

The eight read/write DMACCxControl Registers (DMACC0Control to DMACC7Control)
contain DMA channel control information such as the transfer size, burst size, and transfer
width. Each register is programmed directly by software before the DMA channel is
enabled. When the channel is enabled the register is updated by following the linked list
when a complete packet of data has been transferred. Reading the register while the
channel is active does not give useful information. This is because by the time software
has processed the value read, the channel may have advanced. It is intended to be
read-only when a channel has stopped. Table 684 shows the bit assignments of the
DMACCxControl Register.

34.5.20.1 Protection and access information

AHB access information is provided to the source and/or destination peripherals when a
transfer occurs, although on the LPC178x/177x this has no effect. The transfer
information is provided by programming the DMA channel (the Prot bits of the
DMACCxControl Register, and the Lock bit of the DMACCxConfig Register). These bits
are programmed by software, and can be used by peripherals. Three bits of information
are provided, and are used as shown in Table 684.

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Table 684. DMA channel control registers (DMACCxControl - 0x2008 01xC)

Bit

Name

Function

11:0

TransferSize

Transfer size. This field sets the size of the transfer when the DMA controller is the flow controller, in
which case the value must be set before the channel is enabled. Transfer size is updated as data
transfers are completed.
A read from this field indicates the number of transfers completed on the destination bus. Reading
the register when the channel is active does not give useful information because by the time that the
software has processed the value read, the channel might have progressed. It is intended to be used
only when a channel is enabled and then disabled. The transfer size value is not used if a peripheral
is the flow controller.

14:12 SBSize

Source burst size. Indicates the number of transfers that make up a source burst. This value must be
set to the burst size of the source peripheral, or if the source is memory, to the memory boundary
size. The burst size is the amount of data that is transferred when the DMACBREQ signal goes
active in the source peripheral.
000 - 1
001 - 4
010 - 8
011 - 16
100 - 32
101 - 64
110 - 128
111 - 256

17:15 DBSize

Destination burst size. Indicates the number of transfers that make up a destination burst transfer
request. This value must be set to the burst size of the destination peripheral or, if the destination is
memory, to the memory boundary size. The burst size is the amount of data that is transferred when
the DMACBREQ signal goes active in the destination peripheral.
000 - 1
001 - 4
010 - 8
011 - 16
100 - 32
101 - 64
110 - 128
111 - 256

20:18 SWidth

Source transfer width. The source and destination widths can be different from each other. The
hardware automatically packs and unpacks the data as required.
000 - Byte (8-bit)
001 - Halfword (16-bit)
010 - Word (32-bit)
011 to 111 - Reserved

23:21 DWidth

Destination transfer width. The source and destination widths can be different from each other. The
hardware automatically packs and unpacks the data as required.
000 - Byte (8-bit)
001 - Halfword (16-bit)
010 - Word (32-bit)
011 to 111 - Reserved

25:24 -

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Reserved, and must be written as 0.

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Table 684. DMA channel control registers (DMACCxControl - 0x2008 01xC) continued
Bit

Name

Function

26

SI

Source increment:
0 - the source address is not incremented after each transfer.
1 - the source address is incremented after each transfer.

27

DI

Destination increment:
0 - the destination address is not incremented after each transfer.
1 - the destination address is incremented after each transfer.

28

Prot1

This is provided to the peripheral during a DMA bus access and indicates that the access is in user
mode or privileged mode. This information is not used in the LPC178x/177x.
0 - access is in user mode.
1 - access is in privileged mode.

29

Prot2

This is provided to the peripheral during a DMA bus access and indicates to the peripheral that the
access is bufferable or not bufferable. This information is not used in the LPC178x/177x.
0 - access is not bufferable.
1 - access is bufferable.

30

Prot3

This is provided to the peripheral during a DMA bus access and indicates to the peripheral that the
access is cacheable or not cacheable. This information is not used in the LPC178x/177x.
0 - access is not cacheable.
1 - access is cacheable.

31

Terminal count interrupt enable bit.

0 - the terminal count interrupt is disabled.
1 - the terminal count interrupt is enabled.

34.5.21 DMA Channel Configuration registers (DMACCxConfig - 0x2008 01x0)

The eight DMACCxConfig Registers (DMACC0Config to DMACC7Config) are read/write
with the exception of bit[17] which is read-only. These registers configure each DMA
channel. The registers are not updated when a new LLI is requested. Table 685 shows the
bit assignments of the DMACCxConfig Register.

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Table 685. DMA Channel Configuration registers (DMACCxConfig - 0x2008 01x0)

Bit

Name

Function

Channel enable. Reading this bit indicates whether a channel is currently enabled or disabled:
0 = channel disabled.
1 = channel enabled.
The Channel Enable bit status can also be found by reading the DMACEnbldChns Register.
A channel is enabled by setting this bit.
A channel can be disabled by clearing the Enable bit. This causes the current AHB transfer (if
one is in progress) to complete and the channel is then disabled. Any data in the FIFO of the
relevant channel is lost. Restarting the channel by setting the Channel Enable bit has
unpredictable effects, the channel must be fully re-initialized.
The channel is also disabled, and Channel Enable bit cleared, when the last LLI is reached, the
DMA transfer is completed, or if a channel error is encountered.
If a channel must be disabled without losing data in the FIFO, the Halt bit must be set so that
further DMA requests are ignored. The Active bit must then be polled until it reaches 0,
indicating that there is no data left in the FIFO. Finally, the Channel Enable bit can be cleared.

5:1

SrcPeripheral

Source peripheral. This value selects the DMA source request peripheral. This field is ignored if
the source of the transfer is from memory. See Table 664 for peripheral identification.

10:6

DestPeripheral

Destination peripheral. This value selects the DMA destination request peripheral. This field is
ignored if the destination of the transfer is to memory. See Table 664 for peripheral
identification.

13:11

TransferType

This value indicates the type of transfer and specifies the flow controller. The transfer type can
be memory-to-memory, memory-to-peripheral, peripheral-to-memory, or
peripheral-to-peripheral. Flow can be controlled by the DMA controller, the source peripheral, or
the destination peripheral.
Refer to Table 686 for the encoding of this field.

14

IE

Interrupt error mask. When cleared, this bit masks out the error interrupt of the relevant
channel.

15

ITC

Terminal count interrupt mask. When cleared, this bit masks out the terminal count interrupt of
the relevant channel.

16

Lock. When set, this bit enables locked transfers. This information is not used in the
LPC178x/177x.

17

Active:
0 = there is no data in the FIFO of the channel.
1 = the channel FIFO has data.
This value can be used with the Halt and Channel Enable bits to cleanly disable a DMA
channel. This is a read-only bit.

18

Halt:
0 = enable DMA requests.
1 = ignore further source DMA requests.
The contents of the channel FIFO are drained.
This value can be used with the Active and Channel Enable bits to cleanly disable a DMA
channel.

31:19

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

34.5.21.1 Lock control

The lock control may set the lock bit by writing a 1 to bit 16 of the DMACCxConfig
Register. When a burst occurs, the AHB arbiter will not de-grant the master during the
burst until the lock is de-asserted. The DMA Controller can be locked for a a single burst
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such as a long source fetch burst or a long destination drain burst. The DMA Controller
does not usually assert the lock continuously for a source fetch burst followed by a
destination drain burst.
There are situations when the DMA Controller asserts the lock for source transfers
followed by destination transfers. This is possible when internal conditions in the DMA
Controller permit it to perform a source fetch followed by a destination drain back-to-back.

34.5.21.2 Transfer type

Table 686 lists the bit values of the transfer type bits identified in Table 685.
Table 686. Transfer type bits

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Bit value

Transfer type

Flow controller

000

Memory to memory

DMA controller

001

Memory to peripheral

DMA controller

010

Peripheral to memory

DMA controller

011

Source peripheral to destination peripheral

DMA controller

100

Source peripheral to destination peripheral

Destination peripheral

101

Memory to peripheral

Destination peripheral

110

Peripheral to memory

Source peripheral

111

Source peripheral to destination peripheral

Source peripheral

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34.6 Using the DMA controller

34.6.1 Programming the DMA controller
All accesses to the DMA Controller internal register must be word (32-bit) reads and
writes.

34.6.1.1 Enabling the DMA controller

To enable the DMA controller set the Enable bit in the DMACConfig register.

34.6.1.2 Disabling the DMA controller

To disable the DMA controller:

Read the DMACEnbldChns register and ensure that all the DMA channels have been
disabled. If any channels are active, see Disabling a DMA channel.

Disable the DMA controller by writing 0 to the DMA Enable bit in the DMACConfig
register.

34.6.1.3 Enabling a DMA channel

To enable the DMA channel set the channel enable bit in the relevant DMA channel
configuration register. Note that the channel must be fully initialized before it is enabled.

34.6.1.4 Disabling a DMA channel

A DMA channel can be disabled in three ways:

By writing directly to the channel enable bit. Any outstanding data in the FIFOs is lost
if this method is used.

By using the active and halt bits in conjunction with the channel enable bit.
By waiting until the transfer completes. This automatically clears the channel.
Disabling a DMA channel and losing data in the FIFO

Clear the relevant channel enable bit in the relevant channel configuration register. The
current AHB transfer (if one is in progress) completes and the channel is disabled. Any
data in the FIFO is lost. The channel must be fully re-initialized before it is enabled again.
Disabling the DMA channel without losing data in the FIFO

Set the halt bit in the relevant channel configuration register. This causes any future
DMA request to be ignored.

Poll the active bit in the relevant channel configuration register until it reaches 0. This
bit indicates whether there is any data in the channel that has to be transferred.

Clear the channel enable bit in the relevant channel configuration register
34.6.1.5 Setting up a new DMA transfer
To set up a new DMA transfer:
If the channel is not set aside for the DMA transaction:

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1. Read the DMACEnbldChns controller register and find out which channels are
inactive.
2. Choose an inactive channel that has the required priority.
3. Program the DMA controller

34.6.1.6 Halting a DMA channel

Set the halt bit in the relevant DMA channel configuration register. The current source
request is serviced. Any further source DMA request is ignored until the halt bit is cleared.

34.6.1.7 Programming a DMA channel

1. Choose a free DMA channel with the priority needed. DMA channel 0 has the highest
priority and DMA channel 7 the lowest priority.
2. Clear any pending interrupts on the channel to be used by writing to the
DMACIntTCClear and DMACIntErrClear register. The previous channel operation
might have left interrupt active.
3. Write the source address into the DMACCxSrcAddr register.
4. Write the destination address into the DMACCxDestAddr register.
5. Write the address of the next LLI into the DMACCxLLI register. If the transfer
comprises of a single packet of data then 0 must be written into this register.
6. Write the control information into the DMACCxControl register.
7. Write the channel configuration information into the DMACCxConfig register. If the
enable bit is set then the DMA channel is automatically enabled.

34.6.2 Flow control

The device that controls the length of the packet is known as the flow controller. The flow
controller is usually the DMA controller, where the packet length is programmed by
software before the DMA channel is enabled. Most peripherals are not able to be the flow
controller, but when this feature is supported, it can be used by either the source or
destination peripheral.
When the DMA transfer is completed:
1. The DMA Controller issues an acknowledge to the peripheral in order to indicate that
the transfer has finished.
2. A TC interrupt is generated, if enabled.
3. The DMA Controller moves on to the next LLI.
The following sections describe the DMA Controller data flow sequences for the four
allowed transfer types:

Memory-to-peripheral.
Peripheral-to-memory.
Memory-to-memory.
Peripheral-to-peripheral.

Each transfer type other than memory-to-memory can have either the peripheral or the
DMA controller as the flow controller, resulting in 8 possible control scenarios.
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Table 687 indicates the request signals used for each type of transfer.
Table 687. DMA request signal usage
Transfer direction

Request generator

Flow controller

Memory-to-peripheral

Destination peripheral

DMA Controller

Peripheral-to-memory

Source peripheral

DMA Controller

Memory-to-memory

DMA Controller

DMA Controller

Source peripheral to destination peripheral

Both source and destination peripherals

DMA Controller

Memory-to-peripheral

Destination peripheral

Destination peripheral

Peripheral-to-memory

Source peripheral

Source peripheral

Source peripheral to destination peripheral

Both source and destination peripherals

Source peripheral

Source peripheral to destination peripheral

Both source and destination peripherals

Destination peripheral

34.6.2.1 Peripheral-to-memory or memory-to-peripheral DMA flow

For a peripheral-to-memory or memory-to-peripheral DMA flow, the following sequence
occurs:
1. Program and enable the DMA channel.
2. Wait for a DMA request.
3. The DMA Controller starts transferring data when:
The DMA request goes active.
The DMA stream has the highest pending priority.
The DMA Controller is the bus master of the AHB bus.

4. If an error occurs while transferring the data, an error interrupt is generated and
disables the DMA stream, and the flow sequence ends.
5. Decrement the transfer count.
6. If the transfer has completed (indicated by the transfer count reaching 0 if the DMA
controller is performing flow control, or by the peripheral sending a DMA request if the
peripheral is performing flow control):
The DMA Controller responds with a DMA acknowledge.
The terminal count interrupt is generated (this interrupt can be masked).
If the DMACCxLLI Register is not 0, then reload the DMACCxSrcAddr,
DMACCxDestAddr, DMACCxLLI, and DMACCxControl registers and go to back to
step 2. However, if DMACCxLLI is 0, the DMA stream is disabled and the flow
sequence ends.

34.6.2.2 Peripheral-to-peripheral DMA flow

For a peripheral-to-peripheral DMA flow, the following sequence occurs:
1. Program and enable the DMA channel.
2. Wait for a source DMA request.
3. The DMA Controller starts transferring data when:
The DMA request goes active.
The DMA stream has the highest pending priority.
The DMA Controller is the bus master of the AHB bus.
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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

4. If an error occurs while transferring the data an error interrupt is generated, the DMA
stream is disabled, and the flow sequence ends.
5. Decrement the transfer count.
6. If the transfer has completed (indicated by the transfer count reaching 0 if the DMA
controller is performing flow control, or by the peripheral sending a DMA request if the
peripheral is performing flow control):
The DMA Controller responds with a DMA acknowledge to the source peripheral.
Further source DMA requests are ignored.

7. When the destination DMA request goes active and there is data in the DMA
Controller FIFO, transfer data into the destination peripheral.
8. If an error occurs while transferring the data, an error interrupt is generated, the DMA
stream is disabled, and the flow sequence ends.
9. If the transfer has completed it is indicated by the transfer count reaching 0 if the DMA
controller is the flow controller. or by the peripheral sending a DMA request if the
peripheral is performing flow control. The following happens:
The DMA Controller responds with a DMA acknowledge to the destination
peripheral.
The terminal count interrupt is generated (this interrupt can be masked).
If the DMACCxLLI Register is not 0, then reload the DMACCxSrcAddr,
DMACCxDestAddr, DMACCxLLI, and DMACCxControl Registers and go to back
to step 2. However, if DMACCxLLI is 0, the DMA stream is disabled and the flow
sequence ends.

34.6.2.3 Memory-to-memory DMA flow

For a memory-to-memory DMA flow the following sequence occurs:
1. Program and enable the DMA channel.
2. Transfer data whenever the DMA channel has the highest pending priority and the
DMA Controller gains mastership of the AHB bus.
3. If an error occurs while transferring the data, generate an error interrupt and disable
the DMA stream.
4. Decrement the transfer count.
5. If the count has reached zero:
Generate a terminal count interrupt (the interrupt can be masked).
If the DMACCxLLI Register is not 0, then reload the DMACCxSrcAddr,
DMACCxDestAddr, DMACCxLLI, and DMACCxControl Registers and go to back
to step 2. However, if DMACCxLLI is 0, the DMA stream is disabled and the flow
sequence ends.
Note: Memory-to-memory transfers should be programmed with a low channel priority,
otherwise other DMA channels cannot access the bus until the memory-to-memory
transfer has finished, or other AHB masters cannot perform any transaction.

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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

34.6.3 Interrupt requests

Interrupt requests can be generated when an AHB error is encountered or at the end of a
transfer (terminal count), after all the data corresponding to the current LLI has been
transferred to the destination. The interrupts can be masked by programming bits in the
relevant DMACCxControl and DMACCxConfig Channel Registers. The interrupt requests
from all DMA channels can be found in the DMACRawIntTCStat and DMACRawIntErrStat
registers. The masked versions of the DMA interrupt data is contained in the
DMACIntTCStat and DMACIntErrStat registers. The DMACIntStat register then combines
the DMACIntTCStat and DMACIntErrStat requests into a single register to enable the
source of an interrupt to be found quickly. Writing to the DMACIntTCClear or the
DMACIntErrClr Registers with a bit set to 1 enables selective clearing of interrupts.

34.6.3.1 Hardware interrupt sequence flow

When a DMA interrupt request occurs, the Interrupt Service Routine needs to:
1. Read the DMACIntTCStat Register to determine whether the interrupt was generated
due to the end of the transfer (terminal count). A 1 bit indicates that the transfer
completed. If more than one request is active, it is recommended that the highest
priority channels be checked first.
2. Read the DMACIntErrStat Register to determine whether the interrupt was generated
due to an error occurring. A 1 bit indicates that an error occurred.
3. Service the interrupt request. The channel that caused the interrupt can be
determined by reading the DMACIntStat register. If more than one request is active,
the one with the highest priority should generally be serviced first.
4. For a terminal count interrupt, write a 1 to the relevant bit of the DMACIntTCClr
Register. For an error interrupt write a 1 to the relevant bit of the DMACIntErrClr
Register to clear the interrupt request.

34.6.4 Address generation

Address generation can be either incrementing or non-incrementing (address wrapping is
not supported).
Some devices, especially memories, disallow burst accesses across certain address
boundaries. The DMA controller assumes that this is the case with any source or
destination area that is configured for incrementing addressing. This boundary is
assumed to be aligned with the specified burst size. For example, if the channel is set for
16-transfer burst to a 32-bit wide device then the boundary is 64-bytes aligned (that is
address bits [5:0] equal 0). If a DMA burst is to cross one of these boundaries, then,
instead of a burst, that transfer is split into separate AHB transactions.

34.6.4.1 Word-aligned transfers across a boundary

The channel is configured for 16-transfer bursts, each transfer 32-bits wide, to a
destination for which address incrementing is enabled. The start address for the current
burst is 0x0C00 0024, the next boundary (calculated from the burst size and transfer
width) is 0x0C00 0040.
The transfer will be split into two AHB transactions:

a 7-transfer burst starting at address 0x0C00 0024

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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

a 9-transfer burst starting at address 0x0C00 0040.

34.6.5 Scatter/gather
Scatter/gather is supported through the use of linked lists. This means that the source and
destination areas do not have to occupy contiguous areas in memory. Where
scatter/gather is not required, the DMACCxLLI Register must be set to 0.
The source and destination data areas are defined by a series of linked lists. Each Linked
List Item (LLI) controls the transfer of one block of data, and then optionally loads another
LLI to continue the DMA operation, or stops the DMA stream. The first LLI is programmed
into the DMA Controller.
The data to be transferred described by an LLI (referred to as the packet of data) usually
requires one or more DMA bursts (to each of the source and destination).

34.6.5.1 Linked list items

A Linked List Item (LLI) consists of four words. These words are organized in the following
order:
1. DMACCxSrcAddr.
2. DMACCxDestAddr.
3. DMACCxLLI.
4. DMACCxControl.
Note: The DMACCxConfig DMA channel Configuration Register is not part of the linked
list item.
34.6.5.1.1

Programming the DMA controller for scatter/gather DMA

To program the DMA Controller for scatter/gather DMA:

1. Write the LLIs for the complete DMA transfer to memory. Each linked list item contains
four words:
Source address.
Destination address.
Pointer to next LLI.
Control word.

The last LLI has its linked list word pointer set to 0.
2. Choose a free DMA channel with the priority required. DMA channel 0 has the highest
priority and DMA channel 7 the lowest priority.
3. Write the first linked list item, previously written to memory, to the relevant channel in
the DMA Controller.
4. Write the channel configuration information to the channel Configuration Register and
set the Channel Enable bit. The DMA Controller then transfers the first and then
subsequent packets of data as each linked list item is loaded.
5. An interrupt can be generated at the end of each LLI depending on the Terminal
Count bit in the DMACCxControl Register. If this bit is set an interrupt is generated at
the end of the relevant LLI. The interrupt request must then be serviced and the
relevant bit in the DMACIntTCClear Register must be set to clear the interrupt.
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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

34.6.5.1.2

Example of scatter/gather DMA

See Figure 162 for an example of an LLI. A section of memory is to be transferred to a

peripheral. The addresses of each LLI entry are given, in hexadecimal, at the left-hand
side of the figure. In this example, the LLIs describing the transfer are to be stored
contiguously from address 0x2002 0000, but they could be located anywhere. The right
side of the figure shows the memory containing the data to be transferred.

Linked List Array

LLI1
Source address
0x2002 0000 Destination address
Next LLI address
Control information
LLI2
Source address
0x2002 0010 Destination address
Next LLI address
Control information
LLI3
Source address
0x2002 0020 Destination address
Next LLI address
Control information

= 0x 2002 A200
= peripheral
= 0x2002 0010
= length 3072
= 0x 2002 B200
= peripheral
= 0x2002 0020
= length 3072
= 0x 2002 C200
= peripheral
= 0x2002 0030
= length 3072

0x2002 A200
3072 bytes of data
0x2002 ADFF
0x2002 B200
3072 bytes of data
0x2002 BDFF
0x2002 C200
3072 bytes of data
0x2002 CDFF

LLI8
Source address
0x2002 0070 Destination address
Next LLI address
Control information

= 0x 2003 1200
= peripheral
= 0 (end of list)
= length 3072

0x2003 1200
3072 bytes of data
0x2003 1DFF

Fig 162. LLI example

The first LLI, stored at 0x2002 0000, defines the first block of data to be transferred, which
is the data stored from address 0x2002 A200 to 0x2002 ADFF:

Source start address 0x2002 A200.

Destination address set to the destination peripheral address.
Transfer width, word (32-bit).
Transfer size, 3072 bytes (0XC00).
Source and destination burst sizes, 16 transfers.
Next LLI address, 0x2002 0010.

The second LLI, stored at 0x2002 0010, describes the next block of data to be transferred:

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Source start address 0x2002 B200.

Destination address set to the destination peripheral address.
Transfer width, word (32-bit).
Transfer size, 3072 bytes (0xC00).
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Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

Source and destination burst sizes, 16 transfers.

Next LLI address, 0x2002 0020.
A chain of descriptors is built up, each one pointing to the next in the series. To initialize
the DMA stream, the first LLI, 0x2002 0000, is programmed into the DMA Controller.
When the first packet of data has been transferred the next LLI is automatically loaded.
The final LLI is stored at 0x2002 0070 and contains:

Source start address 0x2003 1200.

Destination address set to the destination peripheral address.
Transfer width, word (32-bit).
Transfer size, 3072 bytes (0xC00).
Source and destination burst sizes, 16 transfers.
Next LLI address, 0x0.

Because the next LLI address is set to zero, this is the last descriptor, and the DMA
channel is disabled after transferring the last item of data. The channel is probably set to
generate an interrupt at this point to indicate to the ARM processor that the channel can
be reprogrammed.

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Chapter 35: LPC178x/7x CRC engine
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35.1 Introduction
The Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) generator with programmable polynomial settings
supports several CRC standards commonly used. To save system power and bus
bandwidth, the CRC engine supports DMA transfers in addition to software PIO
operations using the CPU.

35.2 Features
Supports three common polynomials CRC-CCITT, CRC-16, and CRC-32.
CRC-CCITT: x16 + x12 + x5 + 1
CRC-16: x16 + x15 + x2 + 1
CRC-32: x32 + x26 + x23 + x22 + x16 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x7 + x5 + x4 + x2 + x + 1

Bit order reverse and 1s complement programmable setting for input data and CRC
sum.

Programmable seed number setting.

Supports CPU PIO or DMA back-to-back transfer.
Accept any size of data width per write: 8, 16 or 32-bit.
8-bit write: 1-cycle operation
16-bit write: 2-cycle operation (8-bit x 2-cycle)
32-bit write: 4-cycle operation (8-bit x 4-cycle)

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Chapter 35: LPC178x/7x CRC engine

35.3 Description

CRC
MODE

CRC
SEED

CCITT
POLY

CRC ID
AHB BUS

MUX

B3
B2
B1

MUX

1s
COMP

BIT
REVERSE

CRC-16
POLY

MUX

D
Q
CRC
REG
E

1s
COMP

BIT
REVERSE

B0
CRC WR BUF

CRC-32
POLY
CRC
FSM

CRC SUM

Fig 163. CRC block diagram

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Chapter 35: LPC178x/7x CRC engine

35.4 Register description

Table 688. Register overview: CRC engine
Access

Reset value[1]

Address

Table

CRC mode register

R/W

0x2009 0000

689

CRC_SEED

CRC seed register

R/W

0xFFFF

0x2009 0004

690

CRC_SUM

CRC checksum register

RO

0xFFFF

0x2009 0008

691

CRC_DATA

CRC data register

WO

0x2009 0008

692

Name

Description

CRC_MODE

[1]

Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include content of reserved bits.

35.4.1 CRC mode register (CRC_MODE - 0x2009 0000)

Table 689. CRC mode register (CRC_MODE - 0x2009 0000) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

1:0

CRC_POLY

1X: CRC-32 polynomial

01: CRC-16 polynomial

00: CRC-CCITT polynomial
2

BIT_RVS_WR

1: Bit order reverse for CRC_WR_DATA (per byte)

0: No bit order reverse for CRC_WR_DATA (per byte)

3

CMPL_WR

1: 1s complement for CRC_WR_DATA

0: No 1s complement for CRC_WR_DATA

4

BIT_RVS_SUM

1: Bit order reverse for CRC_SUM

0: No bit order reverse for CRC_SUM

5

CMPL_SUM

1: 1s complement for CRC_SUM

0: No 1s complement for CRC_SUM

31:6 Reserved

Always 0 when read

35.4.2 CRC seed register (CRC_SEED - 0x2009 0004)

Table 690. CRC seed register (CRC_SEED - 0x2009 0004) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

CRC_SEED

A write access to this register will load CRC seed value to CRC_SUM register with
selected bit order and 1s complement pre-processes.

0xFFFF

Remark: A write access to this register will overrule the CRC calculation in
progresses.

35.4.3 CRC checksum register (CRC_SUM - 0x2009 0008)

This register is a Read-only register containing the most recent checksum.
Table 691. CRC checksum register (CRC_SUM - 0x2009 0008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

31:0

CRC_SUM

The most recent CRC sum can be read through this register with selected bit order and 0xFFFF
1s complement post-processes.

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Chapter 35: LPC178x/7x CRC engine

35.4.4 CRC data register (CRC_DATA - 0x2009 0008)

This register is a Write-only register containing the data block for which the CRC sum will
be calculated.
Table 692. CRC data register (CRC_DATA - 0x2009 0008) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

31:0

CRC_WR_DATA

Data written to this register will be taken to perform CRC calculation with selected bit order and 1s complement pre-process. Any write size 8, 16 or 32-bit are
allowed and accept back-to-back transactions.

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Chapter 35: LPC178x/7x CRC engine

35.5 Functional description

The following sections describe the register settings for each supported CRC standard:
CRC-CCITT set-up

Polynomial = x16 + x12 + x5 + 1

Seed Value = 0xFFFF
Bit order reverse for data input: NO
1's complement for data input: NO
Bit order reverse for CRC sum: NO
1's complement for CRC sum: NO
CRC_MODE = 0x0000 0000
CRC_SEED = 0x0000 FFFF
CRC-16 set-up

Polynomial = x16 + x15 + x2 + 1

Seed Value = 0x0000
Bit order reverse for data input: YES
1's complement for data input: NO
Bit order reverse for CRC sum: YES
1's complement for CRC sum: NO
CRC_MODE = 0x0000 0015
CRC_SEED = 0x0000 0000

CRC-32 set-up

Polynomial = x32+ x26 + x23 + x22 + x16 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x7 + x5 + x4 + x2 + x + 1

Seed Value = 0xFFFF FFFF
Bit order reverse for data input: YES
1's complement for data input: NO
Bit order reverse for CRC sum: YES
1's complement for CRC sum: YES
CRC_MODE = 0x0000 0036
CRC_SEED = 0xFFFF FFFF

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Chapter 36: LPC178x/7x EEPROM memory
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36.1 Basic configuration

The EEPROM is configured using the following registers:
1. Power: The EEPROM is enabled on reset, but may be turned off if it is not needed.
See Section 36.4.1.7).
2. Clocking: Timing for the EEPROM must be set up before it can be used. See
Section 36.4.1.5 and Section 36.4.1.6.
3. Interrupts: Interrupts are controlled using a set of registers, see Section 36.4.2.
Interrupts are enabled in the NVIC using the appropriate Interrupt Set Enable register,
see Table 43.

36.2 Description
EEPROM is a non-volatile memory mostly used for storing relatively small amounts of
data, for example for storing settings. The EEPROM is indirectly accessed through
address and data registers, so the CPU can not execute code from EEPROM memory.

36.3 Features

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4kB EEPROM
Access via address and data registers on the AHB bus
Less than 3 ms erase / program time
Endurance of > 100k erase / program cycles

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Chapter 36: LPC178x/7x EEPROM memory

36.4 Register description

Table 693 shows the registers related to EEPROM operation. Details of each register
follow.
Table 693. Register overview
Name

Description

Access

Reset
value[1]

Address

Table

EEPROM registers

EECMD

EEPROM command register

R/W

0x0020 0080

694

EEADDR

EEPROM address register

R/W

0x0020 0084

695

EEWDATA

EEPROM write data register

WO

NA

0x0020 0088

696

EERDATA

EEPROM read data register

RO

NA

0x0020 008C

697

EEWSTATE

EEPROM wait state register

R/W

0x0020 0090

698

EECLKDIV

EEPROM clock divider register

R/W

0x0020 0094

699

EEPWRDWN

EEPROM power-down register

R/W

0x0020 0098

700

EEPROM interrupt registers:

EEINTEN

EEPROM interrupt enable

RO

0x0020 0FE4

701

EEINTENCLR

EEPROM interrupt enable clear

WO

0x0020 0FD8

702

EEINTENSET

EEPROM interrupt enable set

WO

0x0020 0FDC

703

EEINTSTAT

EEPROM interrupt status

RO

0x0020 0FE0

704

EEINTSTATCLR

EEPROM interrupt status clear

WO

0x0020 0FE8

705

EEINTSTATSET

EEPROM interrupt status set

WO

0x0020 0FEC

706

[1]

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Reset Value reflects the data stored in used bits only. It does not include reserved bits content.

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Chapter 36: LPC178x/7x EEPROM memory

36.4.1 EEPROM control registers

36.4.1.1 EEPROM command register (EECMD - 0x0020 0080)
The EEPROM command register is used to select and start a read, write or
erase/program operation. Read and erase/program operations are started on the
EEPROM device as a side-effect of writing to this register. (Write operations are started as
a side-effect of writing to the write data register).
Table 694. EEPROM command register (EECMD - address 0x0020 0080) bit description
Bits

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

2:0

CMD

Command

000: 8-bit read

001: 16-bit read
010: 32-bit read
011: 8-bit write
100: 16-bit write
101: 32-bit write
110: erase/program page
111: reserved
3

RDPREFETCH

Read data prefetch bit

0: do not prefetch next read data as result of reading from the read data register
1: prefetch read data as result of reading from the read data register
When this bit is set multiple consecutive data elements can be read without the need of
programming new address values in the address register. The address post-increment
and the automatic read data prefetch (if enabled) allow only reading from the read data
register to be done to read the data.
31:4

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

36.4.1.2 EEPROM address register (EEADDR - 0x0020 0084)

The EEPROM address register is used to program the address for read, write or
erase/program operations. The width of the address field depends on the number of
EEPROM devices which is selectable by a configuration parameter.
Table 695. EEPROM address register (EEADDR - address 0x0020 0084) address description
Bits

Symbol

Description

Reset value

11:0

ADDR

Address

Address field with:

1 EEPROM device => x = 13 (8 MSB, 0 CS and 6 LSB bits)
31:12

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

36.4.1.3 EEPROM write data register (EEWDATA - 0x0020 0088)

The EEPROM write data register is used to write data into the page register (write
operations).
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Chapter 36: LPC178x/7x EEPROM memory

Writing this register will start the write operation as side-effect. The address is
post-incremented, so consecutive writes to this register can be done to write a burst of
data. The address will be incremented automatically according to the data size of the write
operation.
If data is written to this register while a previous operation (read, write or an
erase/program on the same device) is still pending the write command on the AHB is
stalled by de-asserting the ready signal until the previous operation is finished. To avoid
stalling of the system bus the interrupt status register can be used for polling the status of
pending operations.
Table 696. EEPROM write data register (EEWDATA - address 0x0020 0088) bit description
Bits

Symbol

31:0

WDATA

Description

Reset value

Write data

In case of:
8-bit write operations: bits [7:0] must contain valid write data.
16-bit write operations: bits [15:0] must contain valid write data
32-bit write operations: bits [31:0] must contain valid write data

36.4.1.4 EEPROM read data register (EERDATA - 0x0020 008C)

The EEPROM read data register is used to read data from memory.
Reading this register will start the next read operation, and the address will be
post-incremented. Consecutive reads from this register can be done to read a burst of
data. The address will be incremented automatically according to the data size of the read
operation.
If data is read from this register while the read operation is still pending the read command
on the AHB bus is stalled by de-asserting the ready signal until the pending operation is
finished. To avoid stalling of the system bus the interrupt status register can be used for
polling the status of pending operations.
Table 697. EEPROM read data register (EERDATA - address 0x0020 008C) bit description
Bits

Symbol

Description

Reset value

31:0

RDATA

Read data

In case of:
8-bit read operations: bits [7:0] contain read data, others are zero
16-bit read operations: bits [15:0] contain read data, others are zero
32-bit read operations: bits [31:0] contain read data

36.4.1.5 EEPROM wait state register (EEWSTATE - 0x0020 0090)

The EEPROM controller uses the times specified by this register to perform various
internal timing functions.The user must program the wait state fields to appropriate values
in this wait state register. These fields are -1 encoded so programming zero will result in a
one cycle wait state.

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Chapter 36: LPC178x/7x EEPROM memory

Table 698. EEPROM wait state register (EEESTATE - address 0x0020 0090) bit description
Bits

Symbol

7:0

PHASE3

Description

Reset value

Wait states 3 (minus 1 encoded)

The number of system clock periods required to give a minimum time of 15 ns.
15:8

PHASE2

Wait states 2 (minus 1 encoded)

The number of system clock periods required to give a minimum time of 55 ns.
23:16

PHASE1

Wait states 1 (minus 1 encoded)

31:24

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

The number of system clock periods required to give a minimum time of 35 ns.
NA

36.4.1.6 EEPROM clock divider register (EECLKDIV - 0x0020 0094)

The EEPROM device(s) require(s) a 375kHz clock. This clock is generated by dividing the
system bus clock. The clock divider register contains the division factor.
If the division factor is 0 the clock will be IDLE to save power.
cclk
-------------------------------- 375kHz 6.67%
CLKDIV + 1

For example, if the CPU clock is 80 MHz, CLKDIV could be set to 212 (decimal). 80 MHz /
213 (CLKDIV + 1) = 375.6 kHz.

Table 699. EEPROM clock divider register (EECLKDIV - address 0x0020 0094) bit description
Bits

Symbol

Description

Reset value

15:0

CLKDIV

Division factor (minus 1 encoded)

31:16

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

36.4.1.7 EEPROM power down register (EEPWRDWN - 0x0020 0098)

The EEPROM power down register can be used to put the EEPROM device(s) in power
down mode.
The EEPROM may not be put in power-down mode during a pending EEPROM operation.
After clearing this bit any EEPROM operation has to be suspended for 100 s while the
EEPROM wakes up.
Table 700. EEPROM power down/DCM register (EEPWRDWN - address 0x0020 0098) bit description
Bits

Symbol

Description

Reset value

PWRDWN

Power down mode bit

0: not in power down mode

1: power down mode (this will put all EEPROM devices in power down)
31:1

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Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

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36.4.2 Interrupt registers

These registers control interrupts from the EEPROM.

36.4.2.1 Interrupt enable register (EEINTEN - 0x0020 0FE4)

Table 701. Interrupt enable register (EEINTEN - address 0x0020 0FE4) bit description
Bits

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

25:0

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

26

EE_RW_DONE

EEPROM read/write operation finished interrupt enable bit

Bit is:
- set when 1 is written to the corresponding bit of the EEINTENSET register.
- cleared when 1 is written to the corresponding bit of the EEINTENCLR register.
27

28

EE_PROG_DONE

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

EEPROM program operation finished interrupt enable bit

Bit is:
- set when 1 is written in the corresponding bit of the EEINTENSET register
- cleared when 1 is written to the corresponding bit of the EEINTENCLR register.
31:29

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

The interrupt request output is asserted when the bitwise AND of EEINTSTAT and
EEINTEN is nonzero. For the EEPROM read/write operation finished interrupt it is better
not to enable the interrupt, but to only poll the bit in the EEINTSTAT register. This is
because these operations are relatively fast operations that do not justify calling a
interrupt service subroutine in software.

36.4.2.2 Interrupt enable clear register (EEINTENCLR, 0x0020 0FD8)

Table 702. Interrupt enable clear register (EEINTENCLR - address 0x0020 0FD8) bit description
Bits

Symbol

Description

Reset value

25:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

26

RDWR_CLR_EN

Clear read/write operation finished interrupt enable bit (EEPROM)

0: leave corresponding bit unchanged.

1: clear corresponding bit.
27

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

28

PROG1_CLR_EN

Clear program operation finished interrupt enable bit for EEPROM device 1

0: leave corresponding bit unchanged.

1: clear corresponding bit.
31:29

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36.4.2.3 Interrupt enable set register (EEINTENSET - 0x0020 0FDC)

Table 703. Interrupt enable set register (EEINTENSET - address 0x0020 0FDC) bit description
Bits

Symbol

Description

Reset value

25:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

26

RDWR_SET_EN

Set read/write operation finished interrupt enable bit (EEPROM)

0: leave corresponding bit unchanged.

1: set corresponding bit.
27

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

28

PROG1_SET_EN

Set program operation finished interrupt enable bit for EEPROM device 1

0: leave corresponding bit unchanged.

1: set corresponding bit.
31:29

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

36.4.2.4 Interrupt status register (EEINTSTAT - 0x0020 0FE0)

Table 704. Interrupt status register (EEINTSTAT - address 0x0020 0FE0) bit description
Bits

Symbol

Description

Reset
value

25:0

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

26

END_OF_RDWR

EEPROM read/write operation finished interrupt status bit

Bit is:
- set when this operation has finished OR when 1 is written in the corresponding bit of
the EEINTSTATSET register.
- cleared when 1 is written to the corresponding bit of the EEINTSTATCLR register.
27

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

28

END_OF_PROG1

EEPROM program operation finished interrupt status bit

Bit is:
- set when this operation has finished OR when 1 is written to the corresponding bit of
the EEINTSTATSET register.
- cleared when 1 is written to the corresponding bit of the EEINTSTATCLR register.
31:29

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

The interrupt request output is asserted when the bitwise AND of EEINTSTAT and
EEINTEN is nonzero. For the EEPROM read/write operation finished interrupt it is better
not to enable the interrupt, but to only poll the bit in the EEINTSTAT register. This is
because these operations are relatively fast operations that do not justify calling a
interrupt service subroutine in software.

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36.4.2.5 Interrupt status clear register (0x0020 0FE8)

Table 705. Interrupt status clear register (EEINTSTATCLR - address 0x0020 0FE8) bit description
Bits

Symbol

Description

Reset value

25:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

26

RDWR_CLR_ST

Clear read/write operation finished interrupt status bit (EEPROM)

0 leave corresponding bit unchanged.

1 clear corresponding bit.
27

28

PROG1_CLR_ST

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Clear program operation finished interrupt status bit for EEPROM device 1

0 leave corresponding bit unchanged.

1 clear corresponding bit.
31:29

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

36.4.2.6 Interrupt status set (EEINTSTATSET - 0x0020 0FEC)

Table 706. Interrupt status set register (EEINTSTATSET - address 0x0020 0FEC)
Bits

Symbol

Description

Reset value

25:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

26

RDWR_SET_ST

Set read/write operation finished interrupt status bit (EEPROM).

0 leave corresponding bit unchanged.

1 set corresponding bit.
27

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

28

PROG1_SET_ST

Set program operation finished interrupt status bit for EEPROM device 1.

0 leave corresponding bit unchanged.

1 set corresponding bit.
31:29

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36.5 EEPROM operation

36.5.1 EEPROM device description
EEPROM is a non-volatile memory mostly used for storing relatively small amounts of
data, for example for storing settings.
There are three operations for accessing the memory: reading, writing and
erase/program. Writing to memory is split up into two separate operations, writing and
erase/program. The first operation which will be called writing in this document is not
really updating the memory, but only updating the temporary data register called the page
register. The page register needs to be written with minimum 1 byte and maximum 8
bytes before the second operation which is called erase/program in this document can
be used to actually update the non-volatile memory. Note that the data written to the page
register is not cached, it cant be read before it is actually programmed into non-volatile
memory.
The 64-byte page register is the same size as a page in EEPROM memory. The 4kB
EEPROM contains 64 pages.

36.5.2 EEPROM operations

An EEPROM device can not be programmed directly. Writing data to it and the actual
erase/program of the memory are two separate steps. The page register (64 bytes) will
temporarily hold write data. But as soon as this data needs to be read from the EEPROM
or data needs to be written to another page, the contents of the page register first needs to
programmed into the EEPROM memory.
The following sections explain the EEPROM operations (read, write and program) in more
detail.

36.5.2.1 Writing
The EEPROM controller supports writing of 8-bit, 16-bit or 32-bit elements. Since the
EEPROM device doesnt support 32-bit operations the controller splits the operation into
two 16-bit operations.
For doing a write operation first an address needs to be written into the address register
and the kind of write operation needs to be selected in the command register. This can be
done in any order. After this the data is written to the write data register, which
automatically starts the write operation on the EEPROM device.

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write command register

write address register

- or write address register

write command register

write data register

write data register

write operation
on EEPROM
now starts
Fig 164. Starting a write operation

A write operation causes an automatic post-increment of the address. This allows

consecutive writes to the page register without the need of writing a new address for every
write operation. Of course the address register could be written with another address
value to write to another location.

write command register

(16-bit write)

write address register

(address A)

- or write command register

(16-bit write)

write address register

(address A)

write data register

address A

write data register

write operation
on EEPROM
now starts

write data register

address A+2

write data register

write operation
on EEPROM now
starts

write data register

address A+4

write data register

write operation
on EEPROM now
starts

Fig 165. (16-bit) write operations with post-incrementing of address

If the data register is written while a previous EEPROM operation is still pending, the write
transfer on the system bus is stalled by de-asserting the ready signal until the previous
operation is finished. This can be avoided by polling the interrupt status register to see if
an operation is still pending before starting the write operation. Polling is generally only
helpful for systems running at a high frequency (>200MHz).
Software has to make sure that the following rules are followed:

overwriting (writing it two times before a erase/program operation) one of the

locations in a 64-byte page register is not allowed, it will cause the loss of the
previously written data (this is a consequence of an EEPROM module property, see
EEPROM spec)
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in case the default address post-incrementing is used the upper boundary of the page
register may not be crossed

before reading the just written data the contents of the page register needs to be
programmed into non-volatile memory

write operations to a misaligned address will result on an error response on the write
transfer to the write data register (for example a 32-bit write operation to an address
other than a multiple of 0x4). The operation will not be performed.

36.5.2.2 Programming
When the page register has been written the data has to programmed into non-volatile
memory. This is a separate step, writing only the page register will not write the EEPROM
memory.
Programming the page into memory takes a long time, therefore the corresponding
interrupt can be enabled or the interrupt status bit can be polled to avoid stalling of the
system bus.
An erase/program operation starts by providing the MSBs of the address that selects the
page in memory of a device and the CS bits that selects a device. The 6 LSBs are dont
care. The operation is started by writing the command register (selecting the
erase/program operation). Before beginning a programming operation, the EEPROM
status should be polled to insure that the last write operation is complete.

write address register (MSB

& CS bits)

write command register

(erase/program operation)
erase/program operation on EEPROM
now starts

Fig 166. Programming a page into memory

36.5.2.3 Reading
The EEPROM controller supports reading of 8-bit, 16-bit or 32-bit elements. Since the
EEPROM device doesnt support 32-bit operations the controller splits the operation into
two 16-bit operations.
For doing a read operation first an address needs to be written into the address register.
Then the operation needs to be selected in the command register. Writing the command
register will automatically start the read operation on the EEPROM device.

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write address register

(address A)

write command register

(32-bit read)
operation on
EEPROM
now starts
read readdata register

Fig 167. Starting a read operation (32-bit read from address A)

If the read data register is read while the read operation is still pending, then the read
transfer on the system bus is stalled by de-asserting the ready signal until the previous
read operation is finished. This can be avoided by polling the interrupt status register to
see if the operation is still pending before reading the read data register.
Read operations will automatically post-increment the address register. This allows
consecutive reads from the EEPROM memory without the need of writing a new address
for every read operation. By setting the read data prefetch bit in the command register
reading from the read data register automatically starts up a read operation from the next
(incremented) address location. When doing consecutive reads in this way the first read
operation is started as result of writing the command register. The following read
operations are started as result of reading the read data register to obtain the result of the
previous read operations.
Read operations from a misaligned address will result on an error response on the write
transfer to the command register (for example a 32-bit read operation from an address
other than a multiple of 0x4). The operation will not be performed.

36.5.2.4 Error responses

The controller can generate the following EEPROM related error responses in the
following situations:

An erase/program operation on the protected page will result in an error response on

the write transfer to the command register. Unless the protected pages protection is
overruled by setting the OVP input signal.

Writing a read-only register or reading a write-only register will result in an error

response.

A transfer to a non-existing register location will result in an error.

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37.1 Introduction
The boot loader controls initial operation after reset and also provides the tools for
programming the flash memory. This could be initial programming of a blank device,
erasure and re-programming of a previously programmed device, or programming of the
flash memory by the application program in a running system.

37.2 Features
In-System Programming: In-System programming (ISP) is programming or
reprogramming the on-chip flash memory, using the boot loader software and UART0
serial port. This can be done when the part resides in the end-user board.

In Application Programming: In-Application (IAP) programming is performing erase

and write operation on the on-chip flash memory, as directed by the end-user
application code.

Flash signature generation: built-in hardware can generate a signature for a range of
flash addresses, or for the entire flash memory.

37.3 Description
The flash boot loader code is executed every time the part is powered on or reset. The
loader can execute the ISP command handler or the user application code. A LOW level
after reset at pin P2[10] is considered an external hardware request to start the ISP
command handler using UART0 pins P0[2] (U0_TXD) and P0[3] (U0_RXD). Assuming
that power supply pins are on their nominal levels when the rising edge on RESET pin is
generated, it may take up to 3 ms before P2[10] is sampled and the decision on whether
to continue with user code or ISP handler is made. If P2[10] is sampled low and the
watchdog overflow flag is set, the external hardware request to start the ISP command
handler is ignored. If there is no request for the ISP command handler execution (P2[10]
is sampled HIGH after reset), a search is made for a valid user program. If a valid user
program is found then the execution control is transferred to it. If a valid user program is
not found, the auto-baud routine is invoked.
Pin P2[10] is used as a hardware request signal for ISP and therefore requires special
attention. Since P2[10] is in high impedance mode after reset, it is important that the user
provides external hardware (a pull-up resistor or other device) to put the pin in a defined
state. Otherwise unintended entry into ISP mode may occur.
When ISP mode is entered after a power on reset, the IRC frequency of 12 MHz is used to
operate the CPU and peripherals. The baud rates that can easily be obtained in this case
are: 9600 baud, 19200 baud, 38400 baud, 57600 baud, 115200 baud, and 230400 baud.
This may not be the case when ISP is invoked by the user application (see Section 37.8.9
Re-invoke ISP on page 825).

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A hardware flash signature generation capability is built into the flash memory. this feature
can be used to create a signature that can then be used to verify flash contents. Details of
flash signature generation are in Section 37.10.

37.3.1 Memory map after any reset

When a user program begins execution after reset, the interrupt vectors are set to point to
the beginning of flash memory.

Fig 168. Map of lower memory

37.3.1.1 Criterion for Valid User Code

The reserved Cortex-M3 exception vector location 7 (offset 0x001C in the vector table)
should contain the 2s complement of the check-sum of table entries 0 through 6. This
causes the checksum of the first 8 table entries to be 0. The boot loader code checksums
the first 8 locations in sector 0 of the flash. If the result is 0, then execution control is
transferred to the user code.
If the signature is not valid, the auto-baud routine synchronizes with the host via serial port
0. The host should send a ? (0x3F) as a synchronization character and wait for a
response. The host side serial port settings should be 8 data bits, 1 stop bit and no parity.
The auto-baud routine measures the bit time of the received synchronization character in
terms of its own frequency and programs the baud rate generator of the serial port. It also
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sends an ASCII string ("Synchronized<CR><LF>") to the host. In response to this the host
should send the same string ("Synchronized<CR><LF>"). The auto-baud routine looks at
the received characters to verify synchronization. If synchronization is verified then
"OK<CR><LF>" string is sent to the host. The host should respond by sending the crystal
frequency (in kHz) at which the part is running. For example, if the part is running at 10
MHz, the response from the host should be "10000<CR><LF>". "OK<CR><LF>" string is
sent to the host after receiving the crystal frequency. If synchronization is not verified then
the auto-baud routine waits again for a synchronization character. For auto-baud to work
correctly in case of user invoked ISP, the CCLK frequency should be greater than or equal
to 10 MHz.
For more details on Reset, PLL and startup/boot code interaction see Section 4.5.1 PLL
and startup/boot code interaction.
Once the crystal frequency is received the part is initialized and the ISP command handler
is invoked. For safety reasons an "Unlock" command is required before executing the
commands resulting in flash erase/write operations and the "Go" command. The rest of
the commands can be executed without the unlock command. The Unlock command is
required to be executed once per ISP session. The Unlock command is explained in
Section 37.7 ISP commands on page 812.

37.3.2 Communication protocol

All ISP commands should be sent as single ASCII strings. Strings should be terminated
with Carriage Return (CR) and/or Line Feed (LF) control characters. Extra <CR> and
<LF> characters are ignored. All ISP responses are sent as <CR><LF> terminated ASCII
strings. Data is sent and received in UU-encoded format.

37.3.2.1 ISP command format

"Command Parameter_0 Parameter_1 Parameter_n<CR><LF>" "Data" (Data only for
Write commands).

37.3.2.2 ISP response format

"Return_Code<CR><LF>Response_0<CR><LF>Response_1<CR><LF>
Response_n<CR><LF>" "Data" (Data only for Read commands).

37.3.2.3 ISP data format

The data stream is in UU-encoded format. The UU-encode algorithm converts 3 bytes of
binary data in to 4 bytes of printable ASCII character set. It is more efficient than Hex
format which converts 1 byte of binary data in to 2 bytes of ASCII hex. The sender should
send the check-sum after transmitting 20 UU-encoded lines. The length of any
UU-encoded line should not exceed 61 characters (bytes) i.e. it can hold 45 data bytes.
The receiver should compare it with the check-sum of the received bytes. If the
check-sum matches then the receiver should respond with "OK<CR><LF>" to continue
further transmission. If the check-sum does not match the receiver should respond with
"RESEND<CR><LF>". In response the sender should retransmit the bytes.

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37.3.2.4 ISP flow control

A software XON/XOFF flow control scheme is used to prevent data loss due to buffer
overrun. When the data arrives rapidly, the ASCII control character DC3 (0x13) is sent to
stop the flow of data. Data flow is resumed by sending the ASCII control character DC1
(0x11). The host should also support the same flow control scheme.

37.3.2.5 ISP command abort

Commands can be aborted by sending the ASCII control character "ESC" (0x1B). This
feature is not documented as a command under "ISP Commands" section. Once the
escape code is received the ISP command handler waits for a new command.

37.3.2.6 Interrupts during IAP

The on-chip flash memory is not accessible during erase/write operations. When the user
application code starts executing the interrupt vectors from the user flash area are active.
The user should either disable interrupts, or ensure that user interrupt vectors are active in
RAM and that the interrupt handlers reside in RAM, before making a flash erase/write IAP
call. The IAP code does not use or disable interrupts.

37.3.2.7 RAM used by ISP command handler

ISP commands use on-chip RAM from 0x1000 0118 to 0x1000 01FF. The user could use
this area, but the contents may be lost upon reset. Flash programming commands use the
top 32 bytes of on-chip RAM. The stack is located at RAM top - 32. The maximum stack
usage is 256 bytes, growing downwards.

37.3.2.8 RAM used by Boot process prior to entering user program

Following chip reset, the Boot program uses a subset of the RAM that is used for ISP
command handling. This includes location 0x1000 0120 and also parts of the top 32 bytes
of on-chip RAM. The stack is located at RAM top - 32. The maximum stack usage is 32
bytes. If the user program assumes that RAM is unchanged during a reset where power is
not removed from the device, it is important to be aware of these exceptions.

37.3.2.9 RAM used by IAP command handler

Flash programming commands use the top 32 bytes of on-chip RAM. The maximum stack
usage in the user allocated stack space is 128 bytes, growing downwards.

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37.4 Boot process flowchart

RESET

INITIALIZE

CRP1/2/3 ENABLED?

no

ENABLE DEBUG

yes

WATCHDOG
FLAG SET?

yes
A

no
yes

USER CODE
VALID?

no
CRP3 ENABLED?

yes

EXECUTE INTERNAL
USER CODE
Enter ISP
MODE?
(P2.10=LOW)

USER CODE VALID?

no
yes

no

yes

RUN AUTO-BAUD

no

AUTO-BAUD
SUCCESSFUL?

yes
RECEIVE CRYSTAL
FREQUENCY 1

RUN ISP COMMAND

HANDLER 2

(1) For details on handling the crystal frequency, see Section 37.8.9 Re-invoke ISP on page 825
(2) For details on available ISP commands based on the CRP settings see Section 37.6 Code Read Protection (CRP)

Fig 169. Boot process flowchart

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37.5 Sector numbers

Some IAP and ISP commands operate on "sectors" and specify sector numbers. The
following table indicate the correspondence between sector numbers and memory
addresses for LPC178x/177x devices containing 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 kB of flash
respectively. IAP and ISP routines are located in the Boot ROM.
Table 707. Sectors in a LPC178x/177x device
Sector
Number

Sector
Size [kB]

Start Address

End Address

32 kB
Part

64 kB
Part

128 kB
Part

256 kB
Part

512 kB
Part

0X0000 0000

0X0000 0FFF

0X0000 1000

0X0000 1FFF

0X0000 2000

0X0000 2FFF

0X0000 3000

0X0000 3FFF

0X0000 4000

0X0000 4FFF

0X0000 5000

0X0000 5FFF

0X0000 6000

0X0000 6FFF

0X0000 7000

0X0000 7FFF

0X0000 8000

0X0000 8FFF

0X0000 9000

0X0000 9FFF

10 (0x0A)

0X0000 A000

0X0000 AFFF

11 (0x0B)

0X0000 B000

0X0000 BFFF

12 (0x0C)

0X0000 C000

0X0000 CFFF

13 (0x0D)

0X0000 D000

0X0000 DFFF

14 (0X0E)

0X0000 E000

0X0000 EFFF

15 (0x0F)

0X0000 F000

0X0000 FFFF

16 (0x10)

32

0x0001 0000

0x0001 7FFF

17 (0x11)

32

0x0001 8000

0x0001 FFFF

18 (0x12)

32

0x0002 0000

0x0002 7FFF

19 (0x13)

32

0x0002 8000

0x0002 FFFF

20 (0x14)

32

0x0003 0000

0x0003 7FFF

21 (0x15)

32

0x0003 8000

0x0003 FFFF

22 (0x16)

32

0x0004 0000

0x0004 7FFF

23 (0x17)

32

0x0004 8000

0x0004 FFFF

24 (0x18)

32

0x0005 0000

0x0005 7FFF

25 (0x19)

32

0x0005 8000

0x0005 FFFF

26 (0x1A)

32

0x0006 0000

0x0006 7FFF

27 (0x1B)

32

0x0006 8000

0x0006 FFFF

28 (0x1C)

32

0x0007 0000

0x0007 7FFF

29 (0x1D)

32

0x0007 8000

0x0007 FFFF

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37.6 Code Read Protection (CRP)

Code Read Protection is a mechanism that allows user to enable different levels of
security in the system so that access to the on-chip flash and use of the ISP can be
restricted. When needed, CRP is invoked by programming a specific pattern in flash
location at 0x0000 02FC. IAP commands are not affected by the code read protection.
Important: Any CRP change becomes effective only after the device has gone
through a power cycle.
Table 708. Code Read Protection options
Name

Pattern programmed Description

in 0x0000 02FC

CRP1

0x1234 5678

Access to chip via the JTAG pins is disabled. This mode allows partial flash update using
the following ISP commands and restrictions:

Write to RAM command can not access RAM below 0x1000 0200. This is due to use
of the RAM by the ISP code, see Section 37.3.2.7.

Read Memory command: disabled.

Compare command: disabled

Copy RAM to Flash command: cannot write to Sector 0.

Go command: disabled.
Erase sector(s) command: can erase any individual sector except sector 0 only, or can
erase all sectors at once.

This mode is useful when CRP is required and flash field updates are needed but all
sectors can not be erased. The compare command is disabled, so in the case of partial
flash updates the secondary loader should implement a checksum mechanism to verify the
integrity of the flash.
CRP2

0x8765 4321

This is similar to CRP1 with the following additions:

CRP3

0x4321 8765

Write to RAM command: disabled.

Copy RAM to Flash: disabled.
Erase command: only allows erase of all sectors.

This is similar to CRP2, but ISP entry by pulling P2[10] LOW is disabled if a valid user code
is present in flash sector 0.
This mode effectively disables ISP override using the P2[10] pin. It is up to the users
application to provide for flash updates by using IAP calls or by invoking ISP with UART0.
Caution: If CRP3 is selected, no future factory testing can be performed on the
device.

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Table 709. Code Read Protection hardware/software interaction

CRP option

User Code
Valid

P2[10] pin at
reset

JTAG enabled

LPC178x/177x
enters ISP mode

partial flash update

in ISP mode

None

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

High

Yes

No

NA

Yes

Low

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

High

No

No

NA

Yes

Low

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

High

No

No

NA

Yes

Low

No

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

NA

CRP1

CRP2

CRP3

If any CRP mode is enabled and access to the chip is allowed via the ISP, an unsupported
or restricted ISP command will be terminated with return code
CODE_READ_PROTECTION_ENABLED.

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37.7 ISP commands

The following commands are accepted by the ISP command handler. Detailed status
codes are supported for each command. The command handler sends the return code
INVALID_COMMAND when an undefined command is received. Commands and return
codes are in ASCII format.
CMD_SUCCESS is sent by ISP command handler only when received ISP command has
been completely executed and the new ISP command can be given by the host.
Exceptions from this rule are "Set Baud Rate", "Write to RAM", "Read Memory", and "Go"
commands.
Table 710. ISP command summary
ISP Command

Usage

Described in

Unlock

U <Unlock Code>

Table 711

Set Baud Rate

B <Baud Rate> <stop bit>

Table 712

Echo

A <setting>

Table 714

Write to RAM

W <start address> <number of bytes>

Table 715

Read Memory

R <address> <number of bytes>

Table 716

Prepare sector(s) for write operation

P <start sector number> <end sector number>

Table 717

Copy RAM to Flash

C <flash address> <RAM address> <number of bytes>

Table 718

Go

G <address> <Mode>

Table 719

Erase sector(s)

E <start sector number> <end sector number>

Table 720

Blank check sector(s)

I <start sector number> <end sector number>

Table 721

Read Part ID

Table 722

Read Boot Code version

Table 724

Read serial number

Table 725

Compare

M <address1> <address2> <number of bytes>

Table 726

37.7.1 Unlock <Unlock code>

Table 711. ISP Unlock command
Command

Input

Unlock code: 23130 decimal

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
INVALID_CODE |
PARAM_ERROR

Description

This command is used to unlock Flash Write, Erase, and Go commands.

Example

"U 23130<CR><LF>" unlocks the Flash Write/Erase & Go commands.

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37.7.2 Set Baud Rate <Baud Rate> <stop bit>

Table 712. ISP Set Baud Rate command
Command

Input

Baud Rate: 9600 | 19200 | 38400 | 57600 | 115200 | 230400

Stop bit: 1 | 2

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
INVALID_BAUD_RATE |
INVALID_STOP_BIT |
PARAM_ERROR

Description

This command is used to change the baud rate. The new baud rate is effective after the command handler
sends the CMD_SUCCESS return code.

Example

"B 57600 1<CR><LF>" sets the serial port to baud rate 57600 bps and 1 stop bit.

When the Set Baud Rate command is used after ISP has been re-invoked by a user
program (using the Re-invoke ISP IAP command, see Section 37.8.9), the baud rate
settings will be base on the current peripheral clock frequency. Some examples of
frequencies and baud rates supported are shown in Table 713 below. This table shows
cases where the rate error is less than 1.5%. This provides margin for frequencies that
may be generated from the IRC, which has a 1% tolerance of its own, to obtain a total
rate error of less than 2.5% in all cases.
Table 713. Examples of supported ISP baud rates and PCLK frequency (in MHz)
ISP Baud rate vs.
PCLK Frequency

9600

19200

10.0000

11.0592

12.0000[1]

12.2880

14.7456

15.3600

18.4320

19.6608

24.5760

25.0000

[1]

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38400

57600

115200

230400

+
+

+
+

ISP entry after reset uses the on chip IRC to run the device at PCLK = 12 MHz.

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37.7.3 Echo <setting>

Table 714. ISP Echo command
Command

Input

Setting: ON = 1 | OFF = 0

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
PARAM_ERROR

Description

The default setting for echo command is ON. When ON the ISP command handler sends the received
serial data back to the host.

Example

"A 0<CR><LF>" turns echo off.

37.7.4 Write to RAM <start address> <number of bytes>

The host should send the data only after receiving the CMD_SUCCESS return code. The
host should send the check-sum after transmitting 20 UU-encoded lines. The checksum is
generated by adding raw data (before UU-encoding) bytes and is reset after transmitting
20 UU-encoded lines. The length of any UU-encoded line should not exceed
61 characters (bytes) i.e. it can hold 45 data bytes. When the data fits in less than
20 UU-encoded lines then the check-sum should be of the actual number of bytes sent.
The ISP command handler compares it with the check-sum of the received bytes. If the
check-sum matches, the ISP command handler responds with "OK<CR><LF>" to
continue further transmission. If the check-sum does not match, the ISP command
handler responds with "RESEND<CR><LF>". In response the host should retransmit the
bytes.
Table 715. ISP Write to RAM command
Command

Input

Start Address: RAM address where data bytes are to be written. This address should be a word boundary.
Number of Bytes: Number of bytes to be written. Count should be a multiple of 4

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
ADDR_ERROR (Address not on word boundary) |
ADDR_NOT_MAPPED |
COUNT_ERROR (Byte count is not multiple of 4) |
PARAM_ERROR |
CODE_READ_PROTECTION_ENABLED

Description

This command is used to download data to RAM. Data should be in UU-encoded format. This command is
blocked when code read protection levels CRP2 or CRP3 are enabled.

Example

"W 268435968 4<CR><LF>" writes 4 bytes of data to address 0x1000 0200.

37.7.5 Read Memory <address> <no. of bytes>

The data stream is followed by the command success return code. The check-sum is sent
after transmitting 20 UU-encoded lines. The checksum is generated by adding raw data
(before UU-encoding) bytes and is reset after transmitting 20 UU-encoded lines. The
length of any UU-encoded line should not exceed 61 characters (bytes) i.e. it can hold
45 data bytes. When the data fits in less than 20 UU-encoded lines then the check-sum is
of actual number of bytes sent. The host should compare it with the checksum of the
received bytes. If the check-sum matches then the host should respond with

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"OK<CR><LF>" to continue further transmission. If the check-sum does not match then
the host should respond with "RESEND<CR><LF>". In response the ISP command
handler sends the data again.
Table 716. ISP Read Memory command
Command

Input

Start Address: Address from where data bytes are to be read. This address should be a word boundary.
Number of Bytes: Number of bytes to be read. Count should be a multiple of 4.

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS followed by <actual data (UU-encoded)> |

ADDR_ERROR (Address not on word boundary) |
ADDR_NOT_MAPPED |
COUNT_ERROR (Byte count is not a multiple of 4) |
PARAM_ERROR |
CODE_READ_PROTECTION_ENABLED

Description

This command is used to read data from RAM or flash memory. This command is blocked when any level of
code read protection is enabled.

Example

"R 268435968 4<CR><LF>" reads 4 bytes of data from address 0x1000 0200.

37.7.6 Prepare sector(s) for write operation <start sector number> <end
sector number>
This command makes flash write/erase operation a two step process.
Table 717. ISP Prepare sector(s) for write operation command
Command

Input

Start Sector Number

End Sector Number: Should be greater than or equal to start sector number.

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
BUSY |
INVALID_SECTOR |
PARAM_ERROR

Description

This command must be executed before executing "Copy RAM to Flash" or "Erase Sector(s)" command.
Successful execution of the "Copy RAM to Flash" or "Erase Sector(s)" command causes relevant sectors to
be protected again. To prepare a single sector use the same "Start" and "End" sector numbers.

Example

"P 0 0<CR><LF>" prepares the flash sector 0.

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37.7.7 Copy RAM to Flash <flash address> <RAM address> <no of bytes>
Table 718. ISP Copy command
Command

Input

Flash Address(DST): Destination flash address where data bytes are to be written. The destination
address should be a 256 byte boundary.
RAM Address(SRC): Source RAM address from where data bytes are to be read.
Number of Bytes: Number of bytes to be written. Should be 256 | 512 | 1024 | 4096.

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
SRC_ADDR_ERROR (Address not on word boundary) |
DST_ADDR_ERROR (Address not on correct boundary) |
SRC_ADDR_NOT_MAPPED |
DST_ADDR_NOT_MAPPED |
COUNT_ERROR (Byte count is not 256 | 512 | 1024 | 4096) |
SECTOR_NOT_PREPARED_FOR WRITE_OPERATION |
BUSY |
CMD_LOCKED |
PARAM_ERROR |
CODE_READ_PROTECTION_ENABLED

Description

This command is used to program the flash memory. The "Prepare Sector(s) for Write Operation" command
should precede this command. The affected sectors are automatically protected again once the copy
command is successfully executed. This command is blocked when code read protection levels CRP2 or
CRP3 are enabled. When code read protection level CRP1 is enabled, individual sectors other than sector
0 can be written.

Example

"C 0 268468224 512<CR><LF>" copies 512 bytes from the RAM address 0x1000 8000 to the flash
address 0.

37.7.8 Go <address> <mode>

Table 719. ISP Go command
Command

Input

Address: Flash or RAM address from which the code execution is to be started. This address should be on
a word boundary.
Mode (retained for backward compatibility): T (Execute program in Thumb Mode) | A (not allowed).

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
ADDR_ERROR |
ADDR_NOT_MAPPED |
CMD_LOCKED |
PARAM_ERROR |
CODE_READ_PROTECTION_ENABLED

Description

This command is used to execute a program residing in RAM or flash memory. It may not be possible to
return to the ISP command handler once this command is successfully executed. This command is blocked
when any level of code read protection is enabled.

Example

"G 0 T<CR><LF>" branches to address 0x0000 0000.

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When the GO command is used, execution begins at the specified address (assuming it is
an executable address) with the device left as it was configured for the ISP code. This
means that some things are different than they would be for entering user code directly
following a chip reset. The CPU will be running from the 12 MHz IRC with the PLLs turned
off.

37.7.9 Erase sector(s) <start sector number> <end sector number>

Table 720. ISP Erase sector command
Command

Input

Start Sector Number

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |

End Sector Number: Should be greater than or equal to start sector number.

BUSY |
INVALID_SECTOR |
SECTOR_NOT_PREPARED_FOR_WRITE_OPERATION |
CMD_LOCKED |
PARAM_ERROR |
CODE_READ_PROTECTION_ENABLED
Description

This command is used to erase one or more sector(s) of on-chip flash memory. This command is blocked
when code read protection level CRP3 is enabled. When code read protection level CRP1 is enabled,
individual sectors other than sector 0 can be erased. All sectors can be erased at once in CRP1 and CRP2.

Example

"E 2 3<CR><LF>" erases the flash sectors 2 and 3.

37.7.10 Blank check sector(s) <sector number> <end sector number>

Table 721. ISP Blank check sector command
Command

Input

Start Sector Number:

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |

End Sector Number: Should be greater than or equal to start sector number.

SECTOR_NOT_BLANK (followed by <Offset of the first non blank word location> <Contents of non blank
word location>) |
INVALID_SECTOR |
PARAM_ERROR |
Description

This command is used to blank check one or more sectors of on-chip flash memory.

Example

"I 2 3<CR><LF>" blank checks the flash sectors 2 and 3.

37.7.11 Read Part Identification number

Table 722. ISP Read Part Identification command
Command

Input

None.

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS followed by part identification number in ASCII (see Table 723 LPC178x/177x part
identification numbers).

Description

This command is used to read the part identification number. The part identification number maps to a
feature subset within a device family. This number will not normally change as a result of technical
revisions.

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Table 723. LPC178x/177x part identification numbers

Device

ASCII/dec coding

Hex coding

LPC1788

673005383

0x281D 3F47

LPC1787

673003335

0x281D 3747

LPC1786

672997187

0x281D 1F43

LPC1785

672995139

0x281D 1743

LPC1778

655966023

0x2719 3F47

LPC1777

655963975

0x2719 3747

LPC1776

655957827

0x2719 1F43

LPC1774

654381362

0x2701 1132

37.7.12 Read Boot Code version number

Table 724. ISP Read Boot Code version number command
Command

Input

None

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS followed by 2 bytes of boot code version number in ASCII format. It is to be interpreted
as <byte1(Major)>.<byte0(Minor)>.

Description

This command is used to read the boot code version number.

37.7.13 Read device serial number

Table 725. ISP Read device serial number command
Command

Input

None.

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS followed by the device serial number in 4 decimal ASCII groups, each representing a
32-bit value.

Description

This command is used to read the device serial number. The serial number may be used to uniquely
identify a single unit among all LPC178x/177x devices.

37.7.14 Compare <address1> <address2> <no of bytes>

Table 726. ISP Compare command
Command

Input

Address1 (DST): Starting flash or RAM address of data bytes to be compared. This address should be a
word boundary.
Address2 (SRC): Starting flash or RAM address of data bytes to be compared. This address should be a
word boundary.
Number of Bytes: Number of bytes to be compared; should be a multiple of 4.

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Table 726. ISP Compare command

Command

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS | (Source and destination data are equal)

COMPARE_ERROR | (Followed by the offset of first mismatch)
COUNT_ERROR (Byte count is not a multiple of 4) |
ADDR_ERROR |
ADDR_NOT_MAPPED |
PARAM_ERROR |

Description

This command is used to compare the memory contents at two locations. This command is blocked when
any level of code read protection is enabled.

Example

"M 8192 268435968 4<CR><LF>" compares 4 bytes from the RAM address 0x1000 0200 to the 4 bytes
from the flash address 0x2000.

37.7.15 ISP Return Codes

Table 727. ISP Return Codes Summary
Return Mnemonic
Code

Description

CMD_SUCCESS

Command is executed successfully. Sent by ISP handler only when command

given by the host has been completely and successfully executed.

INVALID_COMMAND

Invalid command.

SRC_ADDR_ERROR

Source address is not on word boundary.

DST_ADDR_ERROR

Destination address is not on a correct boundary.

SRC_ADDR_NOT_MAPPED

Source address is not mapped in the memory map. Count value is taken into
consideration where applicable.

DST_ADDR_NOT_MAPPED

Destination address is not mapped in the memory map. Count value is taken
into consideration where applicable.

COUNT_ERROR

Byte count is not multiple of 4 or is not a permitted value.

INVALID_SECTOR

Sector number is invalid or end sector number is greater than start sector
number.

SECTOR_NOT_BLANK

Sector is not blank.

SECTOR_NOT_PREPARED_
FOR_WRITE_OPERATION

Command to prepare sector for write operation was not executed.

10

COMPARE_ERROR

Source and destination data not equal.

11

BUSY

Flash programming hardware interface is busy.

12

PARAM_ERROR

Insufficient number of parameters or invalid parameter.

13

ADDR_ERROR

Address is not on word boundary.

14

ADDR_NOT_MAPPED

Address is not mapped in the memory map. Count value is taken in to

consideration where applicable.

15

CMD_LOCKED

Command is locked.

16

INVALID_CODE

Unlock code is invalid.

17

INVALID_BAUD_RATE

Invalid baud rate setting.

18

INVALID_STOP_BIT

Invalid stop bit setting.

19

CODE_READ_PROTECTION_
ENABLED

Code read protection enabled.

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37.8 IAP commands

For in application programming the IAP routine should be called with a word pointer in
register r0 pointing to memory (RAM) containing command code and parameters. The
result from the IAP command is returned in the table pointed to by register r1. The user
can reuse the command table for result by passing the same pointer in registers r0 and r1.
The parameter table should be big enough to hold all the results in case if number of
results are more than number of parameters. Parameter passing is illustrated in the
Figure 170. The number of parameters and results vary according to the IAP command.
The maximum number of parameters is 5, passed to the "Copy RAM to Flash" command.
The maximum number of results is 4, returned by the "Read device serial number"
command. The command handler sends the status code INVALID_COMMAND when an
undefined command is received. The IAP routine resides at location 0x1FFF 1FF0.
The IAP function could be called in the following way using C.
Define the IAP location entry point. Bit 0 of the IAP location is set since the Cortex-M3
uses only Thumb mode.
#define IAP_LOCATION 0x1FFF1FF1

Define data structure or pointers to pass IAP command table and result table to the IAP
function:
unsigned long command[5];
unsigned long output[5];

or
unsigned long * command;
unsigned long * output;
command=(unsigned long *) 0x...
output= (unsigned long *) 0x...

Define a pointer to function type, which takes two parameters and returns void. Note the
IAP returns the result with the base address of the table residing in R1.
typedef void (*IAP)(unsigned int [],unsigned int[]);
IAP iap_entry;

Setting function pointer:

iap_entry=(IAP) IAP_LOCATION;

Whenever you wish to call IAP you could use the following statement.
iap_entry (command, output);

The IAP call could be simplified further by using the symbol definition file feature
supported by ARM Linker in ADS (ARM Developer Suite). You could also call the IAP
routine using assembly code.
Note that the first entry in the command table is the IAP command, followed by any
required command parameters, starting with Param0. The first entry in the output table is
the Return Code, followed by any other results, starting with Result0.
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As per the ARM specification (The ARM Thumb Procedure Call Standard SWS ESPC
0002 A-05) up to 4 parameters can be passed in the r0, r1, r2 and r3 registers
respectively. Additional parameters are passed on the stack. Up to 4 parameters can be
returned in the r0, r1, r2 and r3 registers respectively. Additional parameters are returned
indirectly via memory. Some of the IAP calls require more than 4 parameters. If the ARM
suggested scheme is used for the parameter passing/returning then it might create
problems due to difference in the C compiler implementation from different vendors. The
suggested parameter passing scheme reduces such risk.
The flash memory is not accessible during a write or erase operation. IAP commands,
which results in a flash write/erase operation, use 32 bytes of space in the top portion of
the on-chip RAM for execution. The user program should not be use this space if IAP flash
programming is permitted in the application.
Table 728. IAP Command Summary
IAP Command

Command Code

Described in

Prepare sector(s) for write operation

50 decimal

Table 729

Copy RAM to Flash

51 decimal

Table 730

Erase sector(s)

52 decimal

Table 731

Blank check sector(s)

53 decimal

Table 732

Read part ID

54 decimal

Table 733

Read Boot Code version

55 decimal

Table 734

Read device serial number

58 decimal

Table 735

Compare

56 decimal

Table 736

Reinvoke ISP

57 decimal

Table 737

COMMAND CODE
PARAMETER 0

command
parameter table

PARAMETER 1
ARM REGISTER r0

PARAMETER n
ARM REGISTER r1

STATUS CODE
RESULT 0

command
result table

RESULT 1

RESULT n

Fig 170. IAP parameter passing

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37.8.1 Prepare sector(s) for write operation

This command makes flash write/erase operation a two step process.
Table 729. IAP Prepare sector(s) for write operation command
Command

Prepare sector(s) for write operation

Input

Command code: 50 decimal

Param0: Start Sector Number
Param1: End Sector Number (should be greater than or equal to start sector number).

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
BUSY |
INVALID_SECTOR

Result

None

Description

This command must be executed before executing "Copy RAM to Flash" or "Erase Sector(s)" command.
Successful execution of the "Copy RAM to Flash" or "Erase Sector(s)" command causes relevant sectors to
be protected again. To prepare a single sector use the same "Start" and "End" sector numbers.

37.8.2 Copy RAM to Flash

Table 730. IAP Copy RAM to Flash command
Command

Copy RAM to Flash

Input

Command code: 51 decimal

Param0(DST): Destination flash address where data bytes are to be written. This address should be a 256
byte boundary.
Param1(SRC): Source RAM address from which data bytes are to be read. This address should be a word
boundary.
Param2: Number of bytes to be written. Should be 256 | 512 | 1024 | 4096.
Param3: CPU Clock Frequency (CCLK) in kHz.

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
SRC_ADDR_ERROR (Address not a word boundary) |
DST_ADDR_ERROR (Address not on correct boundary) |
SRC_ADDR_NOT_MAPPED |
DST_ADDR_NOT_MAPPED |
COUNT_ERROR (Byte count is not 256 | 512 | 1024 | 4096) |
SECTOR_NOT_PREPARED_FOR_WRITE_OPERATION |
BUSY |

Result

None

Description

This command is used to program the flash memory. The affected sectors should be prepared first by
calling "Prepare Sector for Write Operation" command. The affected sectors are automatically protected
again once the copy command is successfully executed.

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37.8.3 Erase Sector(s)

Table 731. IAP Erase Sector(s) command
Command

Erase Sector(s)

Input

Command code: 52 decimal

Param0: Start Sector Number
Param1: End Sector Number (should be greater than or equal to start sector number).
Param2: CPU Clock Frequency (CCLK) in kHz.

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
BUSY |
SECTOR_NOT_PREPARED_FOR_WRITE_OPERATION |
INVALID_SECTOR

Result

None

Description

This command is used to erase a sector or multiple sectors of on-chip flash memory. To erase a single
sector use the same "Start" and "End" sector numbers.

37.8.4 Blank check sector(s)

Table 732. IAP Blank check sector(s) command
Command

Blank check sector(s)

Input

Command code: 53 decimal

Param0: Start Sector Number
Param1: End Sector Number (should be greater than or equal to start sector number).

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
BUSY |
SECTOR_NOT_BLANK |
INVALID_SECTOR

Result

Result0: Offset of the first non blank word location if the Status Code is SECTOR_NOT_BLANK.
Result1: Contents of non blank word location.

Description

This command is used to blank check a sector or multiple sectors of on-chip flash memory. To blank check
a single sector use the same "Start" and "End" sector numbers.

37.8.5 Read part identification number

Table 733. IAP Read part identification number command
Command

Read part identification number

Input

Command code: 54 decimal

Parameters: None

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS

Result

Result0: Part Identification Number.

Description

This command is used to read the part identification number. The value returned is the hexadecimal version
of the part ID. See Table 723 LPC178x/177x part identification numbers.

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Chapter 37: LPC178x/7x Flash memory

37.8.6 Read Boot Code version number

Table 734. IAP Read Boot Code version number command
Command

Read boot code version number

Input

Command code: 55 decimal

Parameters: None

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS

Result

Result0: 2 bytes of boot code version number in ASCII format. It is to be interpreted as

<byte1(Major)>.<byte0(Minor)>

Description

This command is used to read the boot code version number.

37.8.7 Read device serial number

Table 735. IAP Read device serial number command
Command

Read device serial number

Input

Command code: 58 decimal

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS

Result

Result0: First 32-bit word of Device Identification Number (at the lowest address)

Parameters: None

Result1: Second 32-bit word of Device Identification Number

Result2: Third 32-bit word of Device Identification Number
Result3: Fourth 32-bit word of Device Identification Number

Description

This command is used to read the device identification number. The serial number may be used to uniquely
identify a single unit among all LPC178x/177x devices.

37.8.8 Compare <address1> <address2> <no of bytes>

Table 736. IAP Compare command
Command

Compare

Input

Command code: 56 decimal

Param0(DST): Starting flash or RAM address of data bytes to be compared. This address should be a word
boundary.
Param1(SRC): Starting flash or RAM address of data bytes to be compared. This address should be a word
boundary.
Param2: Number of bytes to be compared; should be a multiple of 4.

Return Code

CMD_SUCCESS |
COMPARE_ERROR |
COUNT_ERROR (Byte count is not a multiple of 4) |
ADDR_ERROR |
ADDR_NOT_MAPPED

Result

Result0: Offset of the first mismatch if the Status Code is COMPARE_ERROR.

Description

This command is used to compare the memory contents at two locations.

The result may not be correct when the source or destination includes any of the first 64 bytes
starting from address zero. The first 64 bytes can be re-mapped to RAM.

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Chapter 37: LPC178x/7x Flash memory

37.8.9 Re-invoke ISP

Table 737. Re-invoke ISP
Command

Compare

Input

Command code: 57 decimal

Return Code

None

Result

None.

Description

This command is used to invoke the boot loader in ISP mode. It maps boot vectors, sets PCLK = CCLK / 4,
configures UART0 pins Rx and Tx, resets TIMER1 and resets the U0FDR (see Section 18.6.11). This
command may be used when a valid user program is present in the internal flash memory and the P2[10]
pin is not accessible to force the ISP mode. The command does not disable the PLL hence it is possible to
invoke the boot loader when the part is running off the PLL. In such case the ISP utility should pass the
CCLK (crystal or PLL output depending on the clock source selection Section 4.6) frequency after
auto-baud handshake.
Another option is to disable the PLL and select the IRC as the clock source before making this IAP call. In
this case frequency sent by ISP is ignored and the 12 MHz IRC is directly for the CPU clock.

37.8.10 IAP Status Codes

Table 738. IAP Status Codes Summary
Status Mnemonic
Code

Description

CMD_SUCCESS

Command is executed successfully.

INVALID_COMMAND

Invalid command.

SRC_ADDR_ERROR

Source address is not on a word boundary.

DST_ADDR_ERROR

Destination address is not on a correct boundary.

SRC_ADDR_NOT_MAPPED

Source address is not mapped in the memory map. Count value is taken in to
consideration where applicable.

DST_ADDR_NOT_MAPPED

Destination address is not mapped in the memory map. Count value is taken in
to consideration where applicable.

COUNT_ERROR

Byte count is not multiple of 4 or is not a permitted value.

INVALID_SECTOR

Sector number is invalid.

SECTOR_NOT_BLANK

Sector is not blank.

SECTOR_NOT_PREPARED_
FOR_WRITE_OPERATION

Command to prepare sector for write operation was not executed.

10

COMPARE_ERROR

Source and destination data is not same.

11

BUSY

Flash programming hardware interface is busy.

37.9 JTAG flash programming interface

Debug tools can write parts of the flash image to the RAM and then execute the IAP call
"Copy RAM to Flash" repeatedly with proper offset.

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Chapter 37: LPC178x/7x Flash memory

37.10 Flash signature generation

The flash module contains a built-in signature generator. This generator can produce a
128-bit signature from a range of flash memory. A typical usage is to verify the flashed
contents against a calculated signature (e.g. during programming).
The address range for generating a signature must be aligned on flash-word boundaries,
i.e. 128-bit boundaries. Once started, signature generation completes independently.
While signature generation is in progress, the flash memory cannot be accessed for other
purposes, and an attempted read will cause a wait state to be asserted until signature
generation is complete. Code outside of the flash (e.g. internal RAM) can be executed
during signature generation. This can include interrupt services, if the interrupt vector
table is re-mapped to memory other than the flash memory. The code that initiates
signature generation should also be placed outside of the flash memory.

37.10.1 Register description for signature generation

Table 739. Register overview: FMC (base address 0x0020 0000)
Name

Description

Access

Reset
Value

Address

Reference

FMSSTART

Signature start address register

R/W

0x0020 0020

Table 740

FMSSTOP

Signature stop-address register

R/W

0x0020 0024

Table 741

FMSW0

128-bit signature Word 0

RO

0x0020 002C

Table 742

FMSW1

128-bit signature Word 1

RO

0x0020 0030

Table 743

FMSW2

128-bit signature Word 2

RO

0x0020 0034

Table 744

FMSW3

128-bit signature Word 3

RO

0x0020 0038

Table 745

FMSTAT

Signature generation status register

RO

0x0020 0FE0

Section 37.10.1.3

FMSTATCLR

Signature generation status clear register

WO

0x0020 0FE8

Section 37.10.1.4

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37.10.1.1 Signature generation address and control registers

These registers control automatic signature generation. A signature can be generated for
any part of the flash memory contents. The address range to be used for generation is
defined by writing the start address to the signature start address register (FMSSTART)
and the stop address to the signature stop address register (FMSSTOP. The start and
stop addresses must be aligned to 128-bit boundaries and can be derived by dividing the
byte address by 16.
Signature generation is started by setting the SIG_START bit in the FMSSTOP register.
Setting the SIG_START bit is typically combined with the signature stop address in a
single write.
Table 740 and Table 741 show the bit assignments in the FMSSTART and FMSSTOP
registers respectively.
Table 740. Flash Module Signature Start register (FMSSTART - 0x0020 0020) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

16:0

START

Signature generation start address (corresponds to AHB byte address bits[20:4]).

31:17

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

Table 741. Flash Module Signature Stop register (FMSSTOP - 0x0020 0024) bit description
Bit

Symbol

16:0

STOP

17

SIG_START

31:18

Value

Description

Reset Value

BIST stop address divided by 16 (corresponds to AHB byte address [20:4]).

Start control bit for signature generation.

Signature generation is stopped

Initiate signature generation

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

37.10.1.2 Signature generation result registers

The signature generation result registers return the flash signature produced by the
embedded signature generator. The 128-bit signature is reflected by the four registers
FMSW0, FMSW1, FMSW2 and FMSW3.
The generated flash signature can be used to verify the flash memory contents. The
generated signature can be compared with an expected signature and thus makes saves
time and code space. The method for generating the signature is described in
Section 37.10.2.
Table 745 show bit assignment of the FMSW0 and FMSW1, FMSW2, FMSW3 registers
respectively.
Table 742. FMSW0 register bit description (FMSW0, address: 0x0020 002C)
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

31:0

SW0[31:0]

Word 0 of 128-bit signature (bits 31 to 0).

Table 743. FMSW1 register bit description (FMSW1, address: 0x0020 0030)
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

31:0

SW1[63:32]

Word 1 of 128-bit signature (bits 63 to 32).

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Table 744. FMSW2 register bit description (FMSW2, address: 0x0020 0034)
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

31:0

SW2[95:64]

Word 2 of 128-bit signature (bits 95 to 64).

Table 745. FMSW3 register bit description (FMSW3, address: 0x0020 0038)
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

31:0

SW3[127:96]

Word 3 of 128-bit signature (bits 127 to 96).

37.10.1.3 Flash Module Status register (FMSTAT - 0x0x0020 0FE0)

The read-only FMSTAT register provides a means of determining when signature
generation has completed. Completion of signature generation can be checked by polling
the SIG_DONE bit in FMSTAT. SIG_DONE should be cleared via the FMSTATCLR
register before starting a signature generation operation, otherwise the status might
indicate completion of a previous operation.
Table 746. Flash module Status register (FMSTAT - 0x0020 0FE0) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

1:0

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

SIG_DONE

When 1, a previously started signature generation has completed. See

FMSTATCLR register description for clearing this flag.

31:2

Reserved. The value read from a reserved bit is not defined.

NA

37.10.1.4 Flash Module Status Clear register (FMSTATCLR - 0x0x0020 0FE8)

The FMSTATCLR register is used to clear the signature generation completion flag.
Table 747. Flash Module Status Clear register (FMSTATCLR - 0x0x0020 0FE8) bit description
Bit

Symbol

Description

Reset Value

1:0

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

SIG_DONE_CLR

Writing a 1 to this bits clears the signature generation completion flag

(SIG_DONE) in the FMSTAT register.

31:2

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written.

NA

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Chapter 37: LPC178x/7x Flash memory

37.10.2 Algorithm and procedure for signature generation

Signature generation

A signature can be generated for any part of the flash contents. The address range to be
used for signature generation is defined by writing the start address to the FMSSTART
register, and the stop address to the FMSSTOP register.
The signature generation is started by writing a 1 to FMSSTOP.MISR_START. Starting
the signature generation is typically combined with defining the stop address, which is
done in another field FMSSTOP.FMSSTOP of the same register.
The time that the signature generation takes is proportional to the address range for which
the signature is generated. Reading of the flash memory for signature generation uses a
self-timed read mechanism and does not depend on any configurable timing settings for
the flash. A safe estimation for the duration of the signature generation is:
Duration = int( (60 / tcy) + 3 ) x (FMSSTOP - FMSSTART + 1)
When signature generation is triggered via software, the duration is in AHB clock cycles,
and tcy is the time in ns for one AHB clock. The SIG_DONE bit in FMSTAT can be polled
by software to determine when signature generation is complete.
If signature generation is triggered via JTAG, the duration is in JTAG tck cycles, and tcy is
the time in ns for one JTAG clock. Polling the SIG_DONE bit in FMSTAT is not possible in
this case.
After signature generation, a 128-bit signature can be read from the FMSW0 to FMSW3
registers. The 128-bit signature reflects the corrected data read from the flash. The 128-bit
signature reflects flash parity bits and check bit values.
Content verification

The signature as it is read from the FMSW0 to FMSW3 registers must be equal to the
reference signature. The algorithms to derive the reference signature is given in
Figure 171.

sign = 0
FOR address = FMSTART.FMSTART TO FMSTOP.FMSTOP

{
FOR i = 0 TO 126

nextSign[i] = f_Q[address][i] XOR sign[i+1]

nextSign[127] = f_Q[address][127] XOR sign[0] XOR sign[2] XOR
sign[27] XOR sign[29]
sign = nextSign
}
signature128 = sign
Fig 171. Algorithm for generating a 128 bit signature

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Chapter 38: LPC178x/7x JTAG, Serial Wire Debug, and Trace
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38.1 Features

Supports both standard JTAG and ARM Serial Wire Debug modes.
Direct debug access to all memories, registers, and peripherals.
No target resources are required for the debugging session.
Trace port provides CPU instruction trace capability.
Eight Breakpoints. Six instruction breakpoints that can also be used to remap
instruction addresses for code patches. Two data comparators that can be used to
remap addresses for patches to literal values.

Four data Watchpoints that can also be used as trace triggers.

Instrumentation Trace Macrocell allows additional software controlled trace capability.

38.2 Introduction
Debug and trace functions are integrated into the ARM Cortex-M3. Serial wire debug and
trace functions are supported in addition to a standard JTAG debug and parallel trace
functions. The ARM Cortex-M3 is configured to support up to eight breakpoints and four
watchpoints.

38.3 Description
Debugging with the LPC178x/177x defaults to JTAG. Once in the JTAG debug mode, the
debug tool can switch to Serial Wire Debug mode.
Instruction trace is supported by a 4-bit parallel interface using 5 pins. Note that the trace
function available for the Cortex-M3 is functionally very different than the trace that was
available for previous ARM7 based devices, using only 5 pins instead of 10.

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Chapter 38: LPC178x/7x JTAG, Serial Wire Debug, and Trace

38.4 Pin description

The tables below indicate the various pin functions related to debug and trace. Some of
these functions share pins with other functions which therefore may not be used at the
same time. Use of the JTAG port excludes use of Serial Wire Debug and Serial Wire
Output. Use of the parallel trace requires 5 pins that may be part of the user application,
limiting debug possibilities for those features.
Table 748. JTAG pin description
Pin Name

Type

Description

JTAG_TCK

Input

JTAG Test Clock. This pin is the clock for debug logic when in the JTAG debug mode.

JTAG_TMS

Input

JTAG Test Mode Select. The TMS pin selects the next state in the TAP state machine. This pin
includes an internal pull-up for compliance with IEEE 1149.1.

JTAG_TDI

Input

JTAG Test Data In. This is the serial data input for the shift register. This pin includes an internal
pull-up for compliance with IEEE 1149.1.

JTAG_TDO

Output

JTAG Test Data Output. This is the serial data output from the shift register. Data is shifted out of
the device on the negative edge of the TCK signal.

JTAG_TRST

Input

JTAG Test Reset. The JTAG_TRST pin can be used to reset the test logic within the debug logic.
This pin includes an internal pull-up for compliance with IEEE 1149.1.

Table 749. Serial Wire Debug pin description

Pin Name

Type

Description

SWDCLK

Input

Serial Wire Clock. This pin is the clock for debug logic when in the Serial Wire Debug mode. This
is an internally selected alternate function for the JTAG_TCK pin.

SWDIO

Input /
Output

Serial wire debug data input/output. The SWDIO pin is used by an external debug tool to
communicate with and control the Cortex-M3 CPU. This is an internally selected alternate function
for the JTAG_TMS pin.

SWO

Output

Serial Wire Output. The SWO pin optionally provides data from the ITM and/or the ETM for an
external debug tool to evaluate. This is an internally selected alternate function for the JTAG_TDO
pin.

Table 750. Parallel Trace pin description

Pin Name

Type

Description

TRACECLK

Input

Trace Clock. This pin provides the sample clock for trace data on the TRACEDATA pins
when tracing is enabled by an external debug tool.

TRACEDATA[3:0]

Output

Trace Data bits 3 to 0. These pins provide ETM trace data when tracing is enabled by an
external debug tool. The debug tool can then interpret the compressed information and
make it available to the user.

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Chapter 38: LPC178x/7x JTAG, Serial Wire Debug, and Trace

38.5 Debug connections

The LPC178x/7x supplies dedicated pins for JTAG and Serial Wire Debug (SWD). When
a debug session is started, the part will be in JTAG debug mode as recommended by
ARM Ltd at the time of design. Once in debug mode, the debugger can switch the device
to SWD mode.
Connections from a target board to the debugger can vary. Selecting a debug connector
to add to a new board design depends on the debug tools that will be used. For example,
debug tools for ARM-based devices in the past have used a standard connection as
shown in Figure 172. This diagram has been adapted to fit the LPC178x/7x, taking into
account the pins that have built-in pull-ups.

+3.3V

+3.3V
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19

JTAG_TRSTn
JTAG_TDI
JTAG_TMS
JTAG_TCLK
JTAG_TDO
nRESET

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20

20-pin 0.10" spacing

dual-row header

10k to 100k

+3.3V

101110

Fig 172. ARM Standard JTAG Connector

Newer tools may use a small debug-only connector as shown in Figure 173. If the debug
trace feature will be used, there is also a debug-with-trace connector specification as
shown in Figure 174. These 2 connector pinouts are defined in ARM Ltds CoreSight
Components Technical Reference Manual. Please note that any debug connection
scheme should be checked with the tool vendor before an application board is designed.

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Chapter 38: LPC178x/7x JTAG, Serial Wire Debug, and Trace

+3.3V

10k to 100k
+3.3V
1
3
5
7
9

10-pin 0.05" spacing

dual-row header

Key

2
4
6
8
10

JTAG_TMS/SWDIO
JTAG_TCK/SWDCLK
JTAG_TDO/SWO
JTAG_TDI
nRESET
101110

Fig 173. Cortex Debug Connector

+3.3V

10k to 100k

+3.3V
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19

Key

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20

JTAG_TMS/SWDIO
JTAG_TCK/SWDCLK
JTAG_TDO/SWO
JTAG_TDI
nRESET
TRACECLK
TRACEDATA[0]
TRACEDATA[1]
TRACEDATA[2]
TRACEDATA[3]

20-pin 0.05" spacing

dual-row header

101110

Fig 174. Cortex Debug & ETM Connector

38.6 JTAG TAP Identification

The JTAG TAP controller contains device ID that can be used by debugging software to
identify the general type of device. More detailed device information is available through
ISP/IAP commands (see Section 37.7 and Section 37.8). For the LPC178x/177x family,
this ID value is 0x4BA0 0477.

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Chapter 38: LPC178x/7x JTAG, Serial Wire Debug, and Trace

38.7 Debug Notes

Important: The user should be aware of certain limitations during debugging. The most
important is that, due to limitations of the Cortex-M3 integration, the LPC178x/177x
cannot wake up in the usual manner from Deep Sleep and Power-down modes. It is
recommended not to use these modes during debug.

Once an application is downloaded via JTAG/SWD interface, the USB to SWD/JTAG

debug adapter should be removed from the target board, and thereafter, power cycle the
LPC178x/177x to allow wake-up from Deep Sleep and Power-down modes.
Another issue is that debug mode changes the way in which reduced power modes are
handled by the Cortex-M3 CPU. This causes power modes at the debug level to be
different from normal mode operation. These differences mean that power measurements
should not be made while debugging, the results will be higher than during normal
operation in an application.
During a debugging session, the System Tick Timer is automatically stopped whenever
the CPU is stopped. Other peripherals are not affected.
Debugging is disabled if code read protection is enabled.

38.8 Debug memory re-mapping

Following chip reset, a portion of the Boot ROM is mapped to address 0 so that it will be
automatically executed. The Boot ROM switches the map to point to Flash memory prior
to user code being executed. In this way a user normally does not need to know that this
re-mapping occurs.
However, when a debugger halts CPU execution immediately following reset, the Boot
ROM is still mapped to address 0 and can cause confusion. Ideally, the debugger should
correct the mapping automatically in this case, so that a user does not need to deal with it.

38.8.1 Memory Mapping Control register (MEMMAP - 0x400F C040)

The MEMMAP register allows switch the mapping of the bottom of memory, including
default reset and interrupt vectors, between the Boot ROM and the bottom of on-chip
Flash memory.
Table 751. Memory Mapping Control register (MEMMAP - 0x400F C040) bit description
Bit

Symbol

MAP

31:1

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Value Description

Reset
value

Memory map control.

Boot mode. A portion of the Boot ROM is mapped to address 0.

User mode. The on-chip Flash memory is mapped to address 0.

Reserved. Read value is undefined, only zero should be written. NA

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix
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39.1 ARM Cortex-M3 User Guide: Introduction

The material in this appendix is provided by ARM Limited for inclusion in the User
Manuals of devices containing the Cortex-M3 CPU. Minimal changes have been
made to reflect implementation options and other distinctions that apply
specifically to LPC178x/177x devices.

39.1.1 About the processor and core peripherals

The Cortex-M3 processor is a high performance 32-bit processor designed for the
microcontroller market. It offers significant benefits to developers, including:

outstanding processing performance combined with fast interrupt handling

enhanced system debug with extensive breakpoint and trace capabilities
efficient processor core, system and memories
ultra-low power consumption with integrated sleep modes
platform security, with optional integrated memory protection unit (MPU).

$,













 


+*
*







!"


"*

# $

%

&
*%

Fig 175. Typical Cortex-M3 implementation

The Cortex-M3 processor is built on a high-performance processor core, with a 3-stage

pipeline Harvard architecture, making it ideal for demanding embedded applications. The
processor delivers exceptional power efficiency through an efficient instruction set and
extensively optimized design, providing high-end processing hardware including
single-cycle 32x32 multiplication and dedicated hardware division.
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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

To facilitate the design of cost-sensitive devices, the Cortex-M3 processor implements

tightly-coupled system components that reduce processor area while significantly
improving interrupt handling and system debug capabilities. The Cortex-M3 processor
implements a version of the Thumb instruction set, ensuring high code density and
reduced program memory requirements. The Cortex-M3 instruction set provides the
exceptional performance expected of a modern 32-bit architecture, with the high code
density of 8-bit and 16-bit microcontrollers.
The Cortex-M3 processor closely integrates a configurable nested interrupt controller
(NVIC), to deliver industry-leading interrupt performance. The NVIC includes a
non-maskable interrupt (NMI), and provides up to 256 interrupt priority levels. The tight
integration of the processor core and NVIC provides fast execution of interrupt service
routines (ISRs), dramatically reducing the interrupt latency. This is achieved through the
hardware stacking of registers, and the ability to suspend load-multiple and store-multiple
operations. Interrupt handlers do not require any assembler stubs, removing any code
overhead from the ISRs. Tail-chaining optimization also significantly reduces the overhead
when switching from one ISR to another.
To optimize low-power designs, the NVIC integrates with the sleep modes, that include a
deep sleep function that enables the entire device to be rapidly powered down.
LPC178x/177x devices support additional reduced power modes, see Section 4.7 Power
control for details.

39.1.1.1 System level interface

The Cortex-M3 processor provides multiple interfaces using AMBA technology to provide
high speed, low latency memory accesses. It supports unaligned data accesses and
implements atomic bit manipulation that enables faster peripheral controls, system
spinlocks and thread-safe Boolean data handling.
The Cortex-M3 processor has an optional memory protection unit (MPU) that provides
fine grain memory control, enabling applications to implement security privilege levels,
separating code, data and stack on a task-by-task basis. Such requirements are
becoming critical in many embedded applications such as automotive. The MPU is
included in LPC178x/177x devices.

39.1.1.2 Integrated configurable debug

The Cortex-M3 processor implements a complete hardware debug solution. This provides
high system visibility of the processor and memory through either a traditional JTAG port
or a 2-pin Serial Wire Debug (SWD) port that is ideal for microcontrollers and other small
package devices. The MCU vendor determines the debug feature configuration and
therefore this can differ across different devices and families.
For system trace the processor integrates an Instrumentation Trace Macrocell (ITM)
alongside data watchpoints and a profiling unit. To enable simple and cost-effective
profiling of the system events these generate, a Serial Wire Viewer (SWV) can export a
stream of software-generated messages, data trace, and profiling information through a
single pin.
The optional Embedded Trace Macrocell (ETM) delivers unrivalled instruction trace
capture in an area far smaller than traditional trace units, enabling many low cost MCUs to
implement full instruction trace for the first time.
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LPC178x/177x devices support JTAG and Serial Wire Debug, Serial Wire Viewer, and
include the Embedded Trace Macrocell. See Section 38.1 for additional information.

39.1.1.3 Cortex-M3 processor features and benefits summary

tight integration of system peripherals reduces area and development costs

Thumb instruction set combines high code density with 32-bit performance
code-patch ability for ROM system updates
power control optimization of system components
integrated sleep modes for low power consumption
fast code execution permits slower processor clock or increases sleep mode time
hardware division and fast multiplier
deterministic, high-performance interrupt handling for time-critical applications
optional memory protection unit (MPU) for safety-critical applications
extensive debug and trace capabilities:
Serial Wire Debug and Serial Wire Trace reduce the number of pins required for
debugging and tracing.

39.1.1.4 Cortex-M3 core peripherals

These are:

Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller

The Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) is an embedded interrupt
controller that supports low latency interrupt processing.

System control block

The System control block (SCB) is the programmers model interface to the
processor. It provides system implementation information and system control,
including configuration, control, and reporting of system exceptions.

System timer
The system timer, SysTick, is a 24-bit count-down timer. Use this as a Real Time
Operating System (RTOS) tick timer or as a simple counter.

Memory protection unit

The Memory protection unit (MPU) improves system reliability by defining the
memory attributes for different memory regions. It provides up to eight different
regions, and an optional predefined background region.

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2 ARM Cortex-M3 User Guide: Instruction Set

39.2.1 Instruction set summary
The processor implements a version of the Thumb instruction set. Table 752 lists the
supported instructions.
Note

In Table 752:

angle brackets, <>, enclose alternative forms of the operand

braces, {}, enclose optional operands
the Operands column is not exhaustive
Op2 is a flexible second operand that can be either a register or a constant

most instructions can use an optional condition code suffix.

For more information on the instructions and operands, see the instruction descriptions.
Table 752. Cortex-M3 instructions
Mnemonic

Operands

Brief description

Flags

Page

ADC, ADCS

{Rd,} Rn, Op2

Add with Carry

N,Z,C,V

Section 39.2.5.1

ADD, ADDS

{Rd,} Rn, Op2

Add

N,Z,C,V

Section 39.2.5.1

ADD, ADDW

{Rd,} Rn, #imm12

Add

N,Z,C,V

Section 39.2.5.1

ADR

Rd, label

Load PC-relative address

Section 39.2.4.1

AND, ANDS

{Rd,} Rn, Op2

Logical AND

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.2

ASR, ASRS

Rd, Rm, <Rs|#n>

Arithmetic Shift Right

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.3

label

Branch

Section 39.2.9.1

BFC

Rd, #lsb, #width

Bit Field Clear

Section 39.2.8.1

BFI

Rd, Rn, #lsb, #width

Bit Field Insert

Section 39.2.8.1

BIC, BICS

{Rd,} Rn, Op2

Bit Clear

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.2

BKPT

#imm

Breakpoint

Section 39.2.10.1

BL

label

Branch with Link

Section 39.2.9.1

BLX

Rm

Branch indirect with Link

Section 39.2.9.1

BX

Rm

Branch indirect

Section 39.2.9.1

CBNZ

Rn, label

Compare and Branch if Non Zero

Section 39.2.9.2

CBZ

Rn, label

Compare and Branch if Zero

Section 39.2.9.2

CLREX

Clear Exclusive

Section 39.2.4.9

CLZ

Rd, Rm

Count leading zeros

Section 39.2.5.4

CMN, CMNS

Rn, Op2

Compare Negative

N,Z,C,V

Section 39.2.5.5

CMP, CMPS

Rn, Op2

Compare

N,Z,C,V

Section 39.2.5.5

CPSID

iflags

Change Processor State, Disable Interrupts

Section 39.2.10.2

CPSIE

iflags

Change Processor State, Enable Interrupts

Section 39.2.10.2

DMB

Data Memory Barrier

Section 39.2.10.3

DSB

Data Synchronization Barrier

Section 39.2.10.4

EOR, EORS

{Rd,} Rn, Op2

Exclusive OR

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.2

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Table 752. Cortex-M3 instructions continued

Mnemonic

Operands

Brief description

Flags

Page

ISB

Instruction Synchronization Barrier

Section 39.2.10.5

IT

If-Then condition block

Section 39.2.9.3

LDM

Rn{!}, reglist

Load Multiple registers, increment after

Section 39.2.4.6

LDMDB, LDMEA

Rn{!}, reglist

Load Multiple registers, decrement before

Section 39.2.4.6

LDMFD, LDMIA

Rn{!}, reglist

Load Multiple registers, increment after

Section 39.2.4.6

LDR

Rt, [Rn, #offset]

Load Register with word

Section 39.2.4

LDRB, LDRBT

Rt, [Rn, #offset]

Load Register with byte

LDRD

Rt, Rt2, [Rn, #offset] Load Register with two bytes

LDREX

Rt, [Rn, #offset]

LDREXB

Section 39.2.4

Section 39.2.4.2

Load Register Exclusive

Section 39.2.4.8

Rt, [Rn]

Load Register Exclusive with byte

Section 39.2.4.8

LDREXH

Rt, [Rn]

Load Register Exclusive with halfword

Section 39.2.4.8

LDRH, LDRHT

Rt, [Rn, #offset]

Load Register with halfword

Section 39.2.4

LDRSB, LDRSBT

Rt, [Rn, #offset]

Load Register with signed byte

Section 39.2.4

LDRSH, LDRSHT

Rt, [Rn, #offset]

Load Register with signed halfword

Section 39.2.4

LDRT

Rt, [Rn, #offset]

Load Register with word

Section 39.2.4

LSL, LSLS

Rd, Rm, <Rs|#n>

Logical Shift Left

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.3

LSR, LSRS

Rd, Rm, <Rs|#n>

Logical Shift Right

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.3

MLA

Rd, Rn, Rm, Ra

Multiply with Accumulate, 32-bit result

Section 39.2.6.1

MLS

Rd, Rn, Rm, Ra

Multiply and Subtract, 32-bit result

Section 39.2.6.1

MOV, MOVS

Rd, Op2

Move

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.6

MOVT

Rd, #imm16

Move Top

Section 39.2.5.7

MOVW, MOV

Rd, #imm16

Move 16-bit constant

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.6

MRS

Rd, spec_reg

Move from special register to general register

Section 39.2.10.6

MSR

spec_reg, Rm

Move from general register to special register

N,Z,C,V

Section 39.2.10.7

MUL, MULS

{Rd,} Rn, Rm

Multiply, 32-bit result

N,Z

Section 39.2.6.1

MVN, MVNS

Rd, Op2

Move NOT

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.6

NOP

No Operation

Section 39.2.10.8

ORN, ORNS

{Rd,} Rn, Op2

Logical OR NOT

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.2

ORR, ORRS

{Rd,} Rn, Op2

Logical OR

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.2

POP

reglist

Pop registers from stack

Section 39.2.4.7

PUSH

reglist

Push registers onto stack

Section 39.2.4.7

RBIT

Rd, Rn

Reverse Bits

Section 39.2.5.8

REV

Rd, Rn

Reverse byte order in a word

Section 39.2.5.8

REV16

Rd, Rn

Reverse byte order in each halfword

Section 39.2.5.8

REVSH

Rd, Rn

Reverse byte order in bottom halfword and sign

extend

Section 39.2.5.8

ROR, RORS

Rd, Rm, <Rs|#n>

Rotate Right

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.3

RRX, RRXS

Rd, Rm

Rotate Right with Extend

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.3

RSB, RSBS

{Rd,} Rn, Op2

Reverse Subtract

N,Z,C,V

Section 39.2.5.1

SBC, SBCS

{Rd,} Rn, Op2

Subtract with Carry

N,Z,C,V

Section 39.2.5.1

SBFX

Rd, Rn, #lsb, #width

Signed Bit Field Extract

Section 39.2.8.2

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Table 752. Cortex-M3 instructions continued

Mnemonic

Operands

Brief description

Flags

Page

SDIV

{Rd,} Rn, Rm

Signed Divide

Section 39.2.6.3

SEV

Send Event

Section 39.2.10.9

SMLAL

RdLo, RdHi, Rn, Rm

Signed Multiply with Accumulate (32 x 32 + 64),

64-bit result

Section 39.2.6.2

SMULL

RdLo, RdHi, Rn, Rm

Signed Multiply (32 x 32), 64-bit result

Section 39.2.6.2

SSAT

Rd, #n, Rm {,shift #s} Signed Saturate

Section 39.2.7.1

STM

Rn{!}, reglist

Store Multiple registers, increment after

Section 39.2.4.6

STMDB, STMEA

Rn{!}, reglist

Store Multiple registers, decrement before

Section 39.2.4.6

STMFD, STMIA

Rn{!}, reglist

Store Multiple registers, increment after

Section 39.2.4.6

STR

Rt, [Rn, #offset]

Store Register word

Section 39.2.4

STRB, STRBT

Rt, [Rn, #offset]

Store Register byte

Section 39.2.4

STRD

Rt, Rt2, [Rn, #offset] Store Register two words

Section 39.2.4.2

STREX

Rd, Rt, [Rn, #offset]

Store Register Exclusive

Section 39.2.4.8

STREXB

Rd, Rt, [Rn]

Store Register Exclusive byte

Section 39.2.4.8

STREXH

Rd, Rt, [Rn]

Store Register Exclusive halfword

Section 39.2.4.8

STRH, STRHT

Rt, [Rn, #offset]

Store Register halfword

Section 39.2.4

STRT

Rt, [Rn, #offset]

Store Register word

Section 39.2.4

SUB, SUBS

{Rd,} Rn, Op2

Subtract

N,Z,C,V

Section 39.2.5.1

SUB, SUBW

{Rd,} Rn, #imm12

Subtract

N,Z,C,V

Section 39.2.5.1

SVC

#imm

Supervisor Call

Section 39.2.10.1
0

SXTB

{Rd,} Rm {,ROR #n}

Sign extend a byte

Section 39.2.8.3

SXTH

{Rd,} Rm {,ROR #n}

Sign extend a halfword

Section 39.2.8.3

TBB

[Rn, Rm]

Table Branch Byte

Section 39.2.9.4

TBH

[Rn, Rm, LSL #1]

Table Branch Halfword

Section 39.2.9.4

TEQ

Rn, Op2

Test Equivalence

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.9

TST

Rn, Op2

Test

N,Z,C

Section 39.2.5.9

UBFX

Rd, Rn, #lsb, #width

Unsigned Bit Field Extract

Section 39.2.8.2

UDIV

{Rd,} Rn, Rm

Unsigned Divide

Section 39.2.6.3

UMLAL

RdLo, RdHi, Rn, Rm

Unsigned Multiply with Accumulate

(32 x 32 + 64), 64-bit result

Section 39.2.6.2

UMULL

RdLo, RdHi, Rn, Rm

Unsigned Multiply (32 x 32), 64-bit result

Section 39.2.6.2

USAT

Rd, #n, Rm {,shift #s} Unsigned Saturate

Section 39.2.7.1

UXTB

{Rd,} Rm {,ROR #n}

Zero extend a byte

Section 39.2.8.3

UXTH

{Rd,} Rm {,ROR #n}

Zero extend a halfword

Section 39.2.8.3

WFE

Wait For Event

Section 39.2.10.1
1

WFI

Wait For Interrupt

Section 39.2.10.1
2

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.2 Intrinsic functions

ANSI cannot directly access some Cortex-M3 instructions. This section describes intrinsic
functions that can generate these instructions, provided by the CMIS and that might be
provided by a C compiler. If a C compiler does not support an appropriate intrinsic
function, you might have to use inline assembler to access some instructions.
The CMSIS provides the following intrinsic functions to generate instructions that ANSI
cannot directly access:
Table 753. CMSIS intrinsic functions to generate some Cortex-M3 instructions
Instruction

CMSIS intrinsic function

CPSIE I

void __enable_irq(void)

CPSID I

void __disable_irq(void)

CPSIE F

void __enable_fault_irq(void)

CPSID F

void __disable_fault_irq(void)

ISB

void __ISB(void)

DSB

void __DSB(void)

DMB

void __DMB(void)

REV

uint32_t __REV(uint32_t int value)

REV16

uint32_t __REV16(uint32_t int value)

REVSH

uint32_t __REVSH(uint32_t int value)

RBIT

uint32_t __RBIT(uint32_t int value)

SEV

void __SEV(void)

WFE

void __WFE(void)

WFI

void __WFI(void)

The CMSIS also provides a number of functions for accessing the special registers using
MRS and MSR instructions:
Table 754. CMSIS intrinsic functions to access the special registers
Special register

PRIMASK
FAULTMASK
BASEPRI
CONTROL
MSP
PSP

Access

CMSIS function

Read

uint32_t __get_PRIMASK (void)

Write

void __set_PRIMASK (uint32_t value)

Read

uint32_t __get_FAULTMASK (void)

Write

void __set_FAULTMASK (uint32_t value)

Read

uint32_t __get_BASEPRI (void)

Write

void __set_BASEPRI (uint32_t value)

Read

uint32_t __get_CONTROL (void)

Write

void __set_CONTROL (uint32_t value)

Read

uint32_t __get_MSP (void)

Write

void __set_MSP (uint32_t TopOfMainStack)

Read

uint32_t __get_PSP (void)

Write

void __set_PSP (uint32_t TopOfProcStack)

39.2.3 About the instruction descriptions

The following sections give more information about using the instructions:
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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

Section 39.2.3.1 Operands

Section 39.2.3.2 Restrictions when using PC or SP
Section 39.2.3.3 Flexible second operand
Section 39.2.3.4 Shift Operations
Section 39.2.3.5 Address alignment
Section 39.2.3.6 PC-relative expressions
Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution
Section 39.2.3.8 Instruction width selection.

39.2.3.1 Operands
An instruction operand can be an ARM register, a constant, or another instruction-specific
parameter. Instructions act on the operands and often store the result in a destination
register. When there is a destination register in the instruction, it is usually specified before
the operands.
Operands in some instructions are flexible in that they can either be a register or a
constant. See Section 39.2.3.3.

39.2.3.2 Restrictions when using PC or SP

Many instructions have restrictions on whether you can use the Program Counter (PC)
or Stack Pointer (SP) for the operands or destination register. See instruction
descriptions for more information.
Remark: Bit[0] of any address you write to the PC with a BX , BLX , LDM , LDR , or POP instruction
must be 1 for correct execution, because this bit indicates the required instruction set, and
the Cortex-M3 processor only supports Thumb instructions.

39.2.3.3 Flexible second operand

Many general data processing instructions have a flexible second operand. This is shown
as Operand2 in the descriptions of the syntax of each instruction.
Operand2 can be a:

Section 39.2.3.3.1 Constant

Section 39.2.3.3.2 Register with optional shift
39.2.3.3.1

Constant

You specify an Operand2 constant in the form:

#constant
where constant can be:

any constant that can be produced by shifting an 8-bit value left by any number of bits
within a 32-bit word

any constant of the form 0x00XY00XY

any constant of the form 0xXY00XY00
any constant of the form 0xXYXYXYXY .
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Remark: In the constants shown above, X and Y are hexadecimal digits.

In addition, in a small number of instructions, constant can take a wider range of values.
These are described in the individual instruction descriptions.
When an Operand2 constant is used with the instructions MOVS , MVNS , ANDS , ORRS , ORNS , EORS ,
BICS , TEQ or TST , the carry flag is updated to bit[31] of the constant, if the constant is greater
than 255 and can be produced by shifting an 8-bit value. These instructions do not affect
the carry flag if Operand2 is any other constant.
Instruction substitution: Your assembler might be able to produce an equivalent
instruction in cases where you specify a constant that is not permitted. For example, an
assembler might assemble the instruction CMP Rd, #0xFFFFFFFE as the equivalent
instruction CMN Rd, #0x2 .
39.2.3.3.2

Register with optional shift

You specify an Operand2 register in the form:

Rm {, shift}

where:
Rm is the register holding the data for the second operand.
shift is an optional shift to be applied to Rm. It can be one of:

ASR#n: arithmetic shift right n bits, 1 n 32.

LSL#n: logical shift left n bits, 1 n 31.
LSR#n: logical shift right n bits, 1 n 32.
ROR#n: rotate right n bits, 1 n 31.
RRX: rotate right one bit, with extend.
: if omitted, no shift occurs, equivalent to LSL#0.
If you omit the shift, or specify LSL #0, the instruction uses the value in Rm.
If you specify a shift, the shift is applied to the value in Rm, and the resulting 32-bit value
is used by the instruction. However, the contents in the register Rm remains unchanged.
Specifying a register with shift also updates the carry flag when used with certain
instructions. For information on the shift operations and how they affect the carry flag, see
Section 39.2.3.4 Shift Operations

39.2.3.4 Shift Operations

Register shift operations move the bits in a register left or right by a specified number of
bits, the shift length. Register shift can be performed:

directly by the instructions ASR , LSR , LSL , ROR , and RRX , and the result is written to a
destination register

during the calculation of Operand2 by the instructions that specify the second
operand as a register with shift, see Section 39.2.3.3. The result is used by the
instruction.

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The permitted shift lengths depend on the shift type and the instruction, see the individual
instruction description or Section 39.2.3.3. If the shift length is 0, no shift occurs. Register
shift operations update the carry flag except when the specified shift length is 0. The
following sub-sections describe the various shift operations and how they affect the carry
flag. In these descriptions, Rm is the register containing the value to be shifted, and n is
the shift length.
39.2.3.4.1

ASR

Arithmetic shift right by n bits moves the left-hand 32 -n bits of the register Rm, to the right
by n places, into the right-hand 32 -n bits of the result. And it copies the original bit[31] of
the register into the left-hand n bits of the result. See Figure 176.
You can use the ASR #n operation to divide the value in the register Rm by 2n, with the
result being rounded towards negative-infinity.
When the instruction is ASRS or when ASR #n is used in Operand2 with the instructions
MOVS , MVNS , ANDS , ORRS , ORNS , EORS , BICS , TEQ or TST , the carry flag is updated to the last bit
shifted out, bit[n-1], of the register Rm.

Note

If n is 32 or more, then all the bits in the result are set to the value of bit[31] of Rm.
If n is 32 or more and the carry flag is updated, it is updated to the value of bit[31] of
Rm.

&DUU\
)ODJ


     


Fig 176. ASR #3

39.2.3.4.2

LSR

Logical shift right by n bits moves the left-hand 32 -n bits of the register Rm, to the right by
n places, into the right-hand 32 -n bits of the result. And it sets the left-hand n bits of the
result to 0. See Figure 177.
You can use the LSR #n operation to divide the value in the register Rm by 2n, if the value
is regarded as an unsigned integer.
When the instruction is LSRS or when LSR #n is used in Operand2 with the instructions
MOVS , MVNS , ANDS , ORRS , ORNS , EORS , BICS , TEQ or TST , the carry flag is updated to the last bit
shifted out, bit[n-1], of the register Rm.
Note

If n is 32 or more, then all the bits in the result are cleared to 0.

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If n is 33 or more and the carry flag is updated, it is updated to 0.

&DUU\
)ODJ



     


Fig 177. LSR#3

39.2.3.4.3

LSL

Logical shift left by n bits moves the right-hand 32 -n bits of the register Rm, to the left by n
places, into the left-hand 32 -n bits of the result. And it sets the right-hand n bits of the
result to 0. See Figure 178.
You can use he LSL #n operation to multiply the value in the register Rm by 2n, if the value
is regarded as an unsigned integer or a twos complement signed integer. Overflow can
occur without warning.
When the instruction is LSLS or when LSL #n, with non-zero n, is used in Operand2 with
the instructions MOVS , MVNS , ANDS , ORRS , ORNS , EORS , BICS , TEQ or TST , the carry flag is updated
to the last bit shifted out, bit[32 -n], of the register Rm. These instructions do not affect the
carry flag when used with LSL #0.
Note

If n is 32 or more, then all the bits in the result are cleared to 0.

If n is 33 or more and the carry flag is updated, it is updated to 0.



     

&DUU\
)ODJ



Fig 178. LSL#3

39.2.3.4.4

ROR

Rotate right by n bits moves the left-hand 32 -n bits of the register Rm, to the right by n
places, into the right-hand 32 -n bits of the result. And it moves the right-hand n bits of the
register into the left-hand n bits of the result. See Figure 179.
When the instruction is RORS or when ROR #n is used in Operand2 with the instructions
MOVS , MVNS , ANDS , ORRS , ORNS , EORS , BICS , TEQ or TST , the carry flag is updated to the last bit
rotation, bit[n-1], of the register Rm.
Note

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If n is 32, then the value of the result is same as the value in Rm, and if the carry flag
is updated, it is updated to bit[31] of Rm.

ROR with shift length, n, more than 32 is the same as ROR with shift length n-32.

&DUU\
)ODJ


   

 


Fig 179. ROR#3

39.2.3.4.5

RRX

Rotate right with extend moves the bits of the register Rm to the right by one bit. And it
copies the carry flag into bit[31] of the result. See Figure 180.
When the instruction is RRXS or when RRX is used in Operand2 with the instructions MOVS ,
MVNS , ANDS , ORRS , ORNS , EORS , BICS , TEQ or TST , the carry flag is updated to bit[0] of the register
Rm.
&DUU\
)ODJ
 

 





Fig 180. RRX

39.2.3.5 Address alignment

An aligned access is an operation where a word-aligned address is used for a word, dual
word, or multiple word access, or where a halfword-aligned address is used for a halfword
access. Byte accesses are always aligned.
The Cortex-M3 processor supports unaligned access only for the following instructions:

LDR , LDRT
LDRH , LDRHT
LDRSH , LDRSHT
STR , STRT
STRH , STRHT

All other load and store instructions generate a usage fault exception if they perform an
unaligned access, and therefore their accesses must be address aligned. For more
information about usage faults see Section 39.3.4 Fault handling.

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Unaligned accesses are usually slower than aligned accesses. In addition, some memory
regions might not support unaligned accesses. Therefore, ARM recommends that
programmers ensure that accesses are aligned. To avoid accidental generation of
unaligned accesses, use the UNALIGN_TRP bit in the Configuration and Control Register
to trap all unaligned accesses, see Section 39.4.3.8 Configuration and Control Register.

39.2.3.6 PC-relative expressions

A PC-relative expression or label is a symbol that represents the address of an instruction
or literal data. It is represented in the instruction as the PC value plus or minus a numeric
offset. The assembler calculates the required offset from the label and the address of the
current instruction. If the offset is too big, the assembler produces an error.
Note

For B , BL , CBNZ , and CBZ instructions, the value of the PC is the address of the current
instruction plus 4 bytes.

For all other instructions that use labels, the value of the PC is the address of the
current instruction plus 4 bytes, with bit[1] of the result cleared to 0 to make it
word-aligned.

Your assembler might permit other syntaxes for PC-relative expressions, such as a
label plus or minus a number, or an expression of the form [PC, #number] .

39.2.3.7 Conditional execution

Most data processing instructions can optionally update the condition flags in the
Application Program Status Register (APSR) according to the result of the operation,
see Section 39.3.1.3.5 Program Status Register. Some instructions update all flags, and
some only update a subset. If a flag is not updated, the original value is preserved. See
the instruction descriptions for the flags they affect.
You can execute an instruction conditionally, based on the condition flags set in another
instruction, either:

immediately after the instruction that updated the flags

after any number of intervening instructions that have not updated the flags.
Conditional execution is available by using conditional branches or by adding condition
code suffixes to instructions. See Table 755 for a list of the suffixes to add to instructions
to make them conditional instructions. The condition code suffix enables the processor to
test a condition based on the flags. If the condition test of a conditional instruction fails,
the instruction:

does not execute

does not write any value to its destination register
does not affect any of the flags
does not generate any exception.

Conditional instructions, except for conditional branches, must be inside an If-Then

instruction block. See Section 39.2.9.3 for more information and restrictions when using
the IT instruction. Depending on the vendor, the assembler might automatically insert an
IT instruction if you have conditional instructions outside the IT block.
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Use the CBZ and CBNZ instructions to compare the value of a register against zero and
branch on the result.
This section describes:

Section 39.2.3.7.1 The condition flags

Section 39.2.3.7.2 Condition code suffixes.
39.2.3.7.1

The condition flags

The APSR contains the following condition flags:

N Set to 1 when the result of the operation was negative, cleared to 0 otherwise.
Z Set to 1 when the result of the operation was zero, cleared to 0 otherwise.
C Set to 1 when the operation resulted in a carry, cleared to 0 otherwise.
V Set to 1 when the operation caused overflow, cleared to 0 otherwise.

For more information about the APSR see Section 39.3.1.3.5 Program Status Register.
A carry occurs:

if the result of an addition is greater than or equal to 232

if the result of a subtraction is positive or zero
as the result of an inline barrel shifter operation in a move or logical instruction.
Overflow occurs if the result of an add, subtract, or compare is greater than or equal to
231, or less than 231.
Remark: Most instructions update the status flags only if the S suffix is specified. See the
instruction descriptions for more information.
39.2.3.7.2

Condition code suffixes

The instructions that can be conditional have an optional condition code, shown in syntax
descriptions as {cond}. Conditional execution requires a preceding IT instruction. An
instruction with a condition code is only executed if the condition code flags in the APSR
meet the specified condition. Table 755 shows the condition codes to use.
You can use conditional execution with the IT instruction to reduce the number of branch
instructions in code.
Table 755 also shows the relationship between condition code suffixes and the N, Z, C,
and V flags.
Table 755. Condition code suffixes

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Suffix

Flags

Meaning

EQ

Z=1

Equal

NE

Z=0

Not equal

CS or HS

C=1

Higher or same, unsigned

CC or LO

C=0

Lower, unsigned <

MI

N=1

Negative

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

Table 755. Condition code suffixes

Suffix

Flags

Meaning

PL

N=0

Positive or zero

VS

V=1

Overflow

VC

V=0

No overflow

HI

C = 1 and Z = 0

Higher, unsigned >

LS

C = 0 or Z = 1

Lower or same, unsigned

GE

N=V

Greater than or equal, signed

LT

N = V

Less than, signed <

GT

Z = 0 and N = V

Greater than, signed >

LE

Z = 1 and N = V

Less than or equal, signed

AL

Can have any

value

Always. This is the default when no suffix is specified.

Section shows the use of a conditional instruction to find the absolute value of a number.
R0 = ABS(R1).
Section shows the use of conditional instructions to update the value of R4 if the signed
values R0 is greater than R1 and R2 is greater than R3.
Example: Absolute value:
IT
MI
RSBMI R0, R1, #0

MOVS
R0, R1
; R0 = R1, setting flags
; IT instruction for the negative condition
; If negative, R0 = -R1

Example: Compare and update value:

CMP
R0, R1
; Compare R0 and R1,
setting flags
ITT
GT
; IT instruction for the two GT conditions
CMPGT R2, R3
; If 'greater than', compare R2 and R3, setting flags
MOVGT R4, R5
; If still 'greater than', do R4 = R5

39.2.3.8 Instruction width selection

There are many instructions that can generate either a 16-bit encoding or a 32-bit
encoding depending on the operands and destination register specified. For some of
these instructions, you can force a specific instruction size by using an instruction width
suffix. The .W suffix forces a 32-bit instruction encoding. The .N suffix forces a 16-bit
instruction encoding.
If you specify an instruction width suffix and the assembler cannot generate an instruction
encoding of the requested width, it generates an error.
Remark: In some cases it might be necessary to specify the .W suffix, for example if the
operand is the label of an instruction or literal data, as in the case of branch instructions.
This is because the assembler might not automatically generate the right size encoding.

To use an instruction width suffix, place it immediately after the instruction mnemonic and
condition code, if any. Section 39.2.3.8.1 shows instructions with the instruction width
suffix.

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39.2.3.8.1

Example: Instruction width selection

BCS.W label

; creates a 32-bit instruction even for a short branch

ADDS.W R0, R0, R1 ; creates a 32-bit instruction even though the same
; operation can be done by a 16-bit instruction

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.4 Memory access instructions

Table 756 shows the memory access instructions:
Table 756. Memory access instructions

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Mnemonic

Brief description

See

ADR

Load PC-relative address

Section 39.2.4.1

CLREX

Clear Exclusive

Section 39.2.4.9

LDM{mode}

Load Multiple registers

Section 39.2.4.6

LDR{type}

Load Register using immediate offset

Section 39.2.4.2

LDR{type}

Load Register using register offset

Section 39.2.4.3

LDR{type}T

Load Register with unprivileged access

Section 39.2.4.4

LDR

Load Register using PC-relative address Section 39.2.4.5

LDREX{type}

Load Register Exclusive

Section 39.2.4.8

POP

Pop registers from stack

Section 39.2.4.7

PUSH

Push registers onto stack

Section 39.2.4.7

STM{mode}

Store Multiple registers

Section 39.2.4.6

STR{type}

Store Register using immediate offset

Section 39.2.4.2

STR{type}

Store Register using register offset

Section 39.2.4.3

STR{type}T

Store Register with unprivileged access

Section 39.2.4.4

STREX{type}

Store Register Exclusive

Section 39.2.4.8

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39.2.4.1 ADR
Load PC-relative address.
39.2.4.1.1

Syntax
ADR {cond} Rd, label

where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rd is the destination register.
label is a PC-relative expression. See Section 39.2.3.6 PC-relative expressions.

39.2.4.1.2

Operation
ADR determines the address by adding an immediate value to the PC, and writes the result
to the destination register.
ADR produces position-independent code, because the address is PC-relative.

If you use ADR to generate a target address for a BX or BLX instruction, you must ensure that
bit[0] of the address you generate is set to1 for correct execution.
Values of label must be within the range of 4095 to +4095 from the address in the PC.
Remark: You might have to use the .W suffix to get the maximum offset range or to
generate addresses that are not word-aligned. See Section 39.2.3.8 Instruction width
selection.
39.2.4.1.3

Restrictions
Rd must not be SP and must not be PC.

39.2.4.1.4

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.4.1.5

Examples
ADR

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R1, TextMessage

; Write address value of a location labelled as

; TextMessage to R1

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.4.2 LDR and STR, immediate offset

Load and Store with immediate offset, pre-indexed immediate offset, or post-indexed
immediate offset.
39.2.4.2.1

Syntax
op{type}{cond} Rt, [Rn {, #offset}]

; immediate offset

op{type}{cond} Rt, [Rn, #offset]!

; pre-indexed

op{type}{cond} Rt, [Rn], #offset

; post-indexed

opD{cond} Rt, Rt2, [Rn {, #offset}]

; immediate offset, two words

opD{cond} Rt, Rt2, [Rn, #offset]!

; pre-indexed, two words

opD{cond} Rt, Rt2, [Rn], #offset

; post-indexed, two words

where:
op is one of:
LDR : Load register.
STR : Store register.
type is one of:
B : unsigned byte, zero extend to 32 bits on loads.
SB : signed byte, sign extend to 32 bits (LDR only).
H : unsigned halfword, zero extend to 32 bits on loads.
SH : signed halfword, sign extend to 32 bits (LDR only).

: omit, for word.

cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rt is the register to load or store.
Rn is the register on which the memory address is based.
offset is an offset from Rn. If offset is omitted, the address is the contents of Rn.
Rt2 is the additional register to load or store for two-word operations.
39.2.4.2.2

Operation
LDR instructions load one or two registers with a value from memory.
STR instructions store one or two register values to memory.

Load and store instructions with immediate offset can use the following addressing
modes:

Offset addressing
The offset value is added to or subtracted from the address obtained from the register
Rn. The result is used as the address for the memory access. The register Rn is
unaltered. The assembly language syntax for this mode is:
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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

[Rn, #offset]

Pre-indexed addressing
The offset value is added to or subtracted from the address obtained from the register
Rn. The result is used as the address for the memory access and written back into the
register Rn. The assembly language syntax for this mode is:
[Rn, #offset]!

Post-indexed addressing
The address obtained from the register Rn is used as the address for the memory
access. The offset value is added to or subtracted from the address, and written back
into the register Rn. The assembly language syntax for this mode is:
[Rn], #offset

The value to load or store can be a byte, halfword, word, or two words. Bytes and
halfwords can either be signed or unsigned. See Section 39.2.3.5 Address alignment.
Table 757 shows the ranges of offset for immediate, pre-indexed and post-indexed forms.
Table 757. Offset ranges
Instruction type

39.2.4.2.3

Immediate offset

Pre-indexed

Post-indexed

Word, halfword, signed 255 to 4095

halfword, byte, or
signed byte

255 to 255

255 to 255

Two words

multiple of 4 in the
range -1020 to 1020

multiple of 4 in the
range 1020 to 1020

multiple of 4 in the
range 1020 to 1020

Restrictions

For load instructions:

Rt can be SP or PC for word loads only

Rt must be different from Rt2 for two-word loads
Rn must be different from Rt and Rt2 in the pre-indexed or post-indexed forms.
When Rt is PC in a word load instruction:

bit[0] of the loaded value must be 1 for correct execution

a branch occurs to the address created by changing bit[0] of the loaded value to 0
if the instruction is conditional, it must be the last instruction in the IT block.
For store instructions:

39.2.4.2.4

Rt can be SP for word stores only

Rt must not be PC
Rn must not be PC
Rn must be different from Rt and Rt2 in the pre-indexed or post-indexed forms.

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

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39.2.4.2.5

Examples
LDR
LDRNE

STR
STRH
LDRD

STRD

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R8, [R10]
R2, [R5, #960]!

;
;
;
;
R2, [R9,#const-struc] ;
;
R3, [R4], #4
;
;
R8, R9, [R3, #0x20]
;
;
;
R0, R1, [R8], #-16
;
;
;

Loads R8 from the address in R10.

Loads (conditionally) R2 from a word
960 bytes above the address in R5, and
increments R5 by 960.
const-struc is an expression evaluating
to a constant in the range 0-4095.
Store R3 as halfword data into address in
R4, then increment R4 by 4
Load R8 from a word 32 bytes above the
address in R3, and load R9 from a word 36
bytes above the address in R3
Store R0 to address in R8, and store R1 to
a word 4 bytes above the address in R8,
and then decrement R8 by 16.

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.4.3 LDR and STR, register offset

Load and Store with register offset.
39.2.4.3.1

Syntax
op{type}{cond} Rt, [Rn, Rm {, LSL #n}]

where:
op is one of:
LDR : Load Register.
STR : Store Register.
type is one of:
B : unsigned byte, zero extend to 32 bits on loads.
SB : signed byte, sign extend to 32 bits (LDR only).
H : unsigned halfword, zero extend to 32 bits on loads.
SH : signed halfword, sign extend to 32 bits (LDR only).

: omit, for word.

cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rt is the register to load or store.
Rn is the register on which the memory address is based.
Rm is a register containing a value to be used as the offset.
LSL #n is an optional shift, with n in the range 0 to 3.
39.2.4.3.2

Operation
LDR instructions load a register with a value from memory.
STR instructions store a register value into memory.

The memory address to load from or store to is at an offset from the register Rn. The
offset is specified by the register Rm and can be shifted left by up to 3 bits using LSL .
The value to load or store can be a byte, halfword, or word. For load instructions, bytes
and halfwords can either be signed or unsigned. See Section 39.2.3.5 Address
alignment.
39.2.4.3.3

Restrictions

In these instructions:

Rn must not be PC
Rm must not be SP and must not be PC
Rt can be SP only for word loads and word stores
Rt can be PC only for word loads.

When Rt is PC in a word load instruction:

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

bit[0] of the loaded value must be 1 for correct execution, and a branch occurs to this
halfword-aligned address

if the instruction is conditional, it must be the last instruction in the IT block.

39.2.4.3.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

39.2.4.3.5

Examples
STR

;
;
LDRSB R0, [R5, R1, LSL #1] ;
;
;
STR
R0, [R1, R2, LSL #2] ;
;

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R0, [R5, R1]

Store value of R0 into an address equal to

sum of R5 and R1
Read byte value from an address equal to
sum of R5 and two times R1, sign extended it
to a word value and put it in R0
Stores R0 to an address equal to sum of R1
and four times R2

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39.2.4.4 LDR and STR, unprivileged

Load and Store with unprivileged access.
39.2.4.4.1

Syntax
op{type}T{cond} Rt, [Rn {, #offset}]

; immediate offset

where:
op is one of:
LDR : Load Register.
STR : Store Register.
type is one of:
B : unsigned byte, zero extend to 32 bits on loads.
SB : signed byte, sign extend to 32 bits (LDR only).
H : unsigned halfword, zero extend to 32 bits on loads.
SH : signed halfword, sign extend to 32 bits (LDR only).

: omit, for word.

cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rt is the register to load or store.
Rn is the register on which the memory address is based.
offset is an offset from Rn and can be 0 to 255. If offset is omitted, the address is the value
in Rn.
39.2.4.4.2

Operation

These load and store instructions perform the same function as the memory access
instructions with immediate offset, see Section 39.2.4.2. The difference is that these
instructions have only unprivileged access even when used in privileged software.
When used in unprivileged software, these instructions behave in exactly the same way
as normal memory access instructions with immediate offset.
39.2.4.4.3

Restrictions

In these instructions:

Rn must not be PC
Rt must not be SP and must not be PC.
39.2.4.4.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

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39.2.4.4.5

Examples
STRBTEQ R4, [R7]
LDRHT

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R2, [R2, #8]

;
;
;
;

Conditionally store least significant byte in

R4 to an address in R7, with unprivileged access
Load halfword value from an address equal to
sum of R2 and 8 into R2, with unprivileged access

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.4.5 LDR, PC-relative

Load register from memory.
39.2.4.5.1

Syntax

LDR{type}{cond} Rt, label

LDRD{cond} Rt, Rt2, label

; Load two words

type is one of:

B : unsigned byte, zero extend to 32 bits on loads.
SB : signed byte, sign extend to 32 bits (LDR only).
H : unsigned halfword, zero extend to 32 bits on loads.
SH : signed halfword, sign extend to 32 bits (LDR only).

: omit, for word.

cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rt is the register to load or store.
Rt2 is the second register to load or store.
label is a PC-relative expression. See Section 39.2.3.6 PC-relative expressions.
39.2.4.5.2

Operation
LDR loads a register with a value from a PC-relative memory address. The memory
address is specified by a label or by an offset from the PC.

The value to load or store can be a byte, halfword, or word. For load instructions, bytes
and halfwords can either be signed or unsigned. See Section 39.2.3.5 Address
alignment.
label must be within a limited range of the current instruction. Table 758 shows the
possible offsets between label and the PC.
Table 758. Offset ranges
Instruction type

Offset range

Word, halfword, signed halfword, byte, signed byte

4095 to 4095

Two words

1020 to 1020

Remark: You might have to use the .W suffix to get the maximum offset range. See
Section 39.2.3.8 Instruction width selection.
39.2.4.5.3

Restrictions

In these instructions:

Rt can be SP or PC only for word loads

Rt2 must not be SP and must not be PC
Rt must be different from Rt2.
When Rt is PC in a word load instruction:
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bit[0] of the loaded value must be 1 for correct execution, and a branch occurs to this
halfword-aligned address

if the instruction is conditional, it must be the last instruction in the IT block.

39.2.4.5.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

39.2.4.5.5

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Examples
LDR

R0, LookUpTable

LDRSB

R7, localdata

;
;
;
;
;

Load R0 with a word of data from an address

labelled as LookUpTable
Load a byte value from an address labelled
as localdata, sign extend it to a word
value, and put it in R7

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.4.6 LDM and STM

Load and Store Multiple registers.
39.2.4.6.1

Syntax
op{addr_mode}{cond} Rn{!}, reglist

where:
op is one of:
LDM : Load Multiple registers.
STM : Store Multiple registers.
addr_mode is any one of the following:
IA : Increment address After each access. This is the default.
DB : Decrement address Before each access.
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rn is the register on which the memory addresses are based.

! is an optional writeback suffix. If ! is present the final address, that is loaded from or
stored to, is written back into Rn.
reglist is a list of one or more registers to be loaded or stored, enclosed in braces. It can
contain register ranges. It must be comma separated if it contains more than one register
or register range, see Section 39.2.4.6.5.
LDM and LDMFD are synonyms for LDMIA . LDMFD refers to its use for popping data from Full
Descending stacks.
LDMEA is a synonym for LDMDB , and refers to its use for popping data from Empty Ascending
stacks.
STM and STMEA are synonyms for STMIA . STMEA refers to its use for pushing data onto Empty
Ascending stacks.
STMFD is s synonym for STMDB , and refers to its use for pushing data onto Full Descending
stacks
39.2.4.6.2

Operation
LDM instructions load the registers in reglist with word values from memory addresses
based on Rn.
STM instructions store the word values in the registers in reglist to memory addresses
based on Rn.

For LDM , LDMIA , LDMFD , STM , STMIA , and STMEA the memory addresses used for the accesses
are at 4-byte intervals ranging from Rn to Rn + 4 * (n-1), where n is the number of
registers in reglist. The accesses happens in order of increasing register numbers, with
the lowest numbered register using the lowest memory address and the highest number
register using the highest memory address. If the writeback suffix is specified, the value of
Rn + 4 * (n-1) is written back to Rn.
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For LDMDB , LDMEA , STMDB , and STMFD the memory addresses used for the accesses are at
4-byte intervals ranging from Rn to Rn - 4 * (n-1), where n is the number of registers in
reglist. The accesses happen in order of decreasing register numbers, with the highest
numbered register using the highest memory address and the lowest number register
using the lowest memory address. If the writeback suffix is specified, the value of
Rn - 4 * (n-1) is written back to Rn.
The PUSH and POP instructions can be expressed in this form. See Section 39.2.4.7 for
details.
39.2.4.6.3

Restrictions

In these instructions:

Rn must not be PC
reglist must not contain SP

in any STM instruction, reglist must not contain PC

in any LDM instruction, reglist must not contain PC if it contains LR
reglist must not contain Rn if you specify the writeback suffix.

When PC is in reglist in an LDM instruction:

bit[0] of the value loaded to the PC must be 1 for correct execution, and a branch
occurs to this halfword-aligned address

if the instruction is conditional, it must be the last instruction in the IT block.

39.2.4.6.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

39.2.4.6.5

Examples
LDM
STMDB

39.2.4.6.6

Incorrect examples
STM
LDM

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R8,{R0,R2,R9}
; LDMIA is a synonym for LDM
R1!,{R3-R6,R11,R12}

R5!,{R5,R4,R9} ; Value stored for R5 is unpredictable

R2, {}
; There must be at least one register in the list

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.4.7 PUSH and POP

Push registers onto, and pop registers off a full-descending stack.
39.2.4.7.1

Syntax
PUSH {cond} reglist
POP {cond} reglist

where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
reglist is a non-empty list of registers, enclosed in braces. It can contain register ranges. It
must be comma separated if it contains more than one register or register range.
PUSH and POP are synonyms for STMDB and LDM (or LDMIA ) with the memory addresses for the
access based on SP, and with the final address for the access written back to the SP. PUSH
and POP are the preferred mnemonics in these cases.
39.2.4.7.2

Operation
PUSH stores registers on the stack in order of decreasing the register numbers, with the
highest numbered register using the highest memory address and the lowest numbered
register using the lowest memory address.
POP loads registers from the stack in order of increasing register numbers, with the lowest
numbered register using the lowest memory address and the highest numbered register
using the highest memory address.

See Section 39.2.4.6 for more information.

39.2.4.7.3

Restrictions

In these instructions:

reglist must not contain SP

for the PUSH instruction, reglist must not contain PC
for the POP instruction, reglist must not contain PC if it contains LR.
When PC is in reglist in a POP instruction:

bit[0] of the value loaded to the PC must be 1 for correct execution, and a branch
occurs to this halfword-aligned address

if the instruction is conditional, it must be the last instruction in the IT block.

39.2.4.7.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

39.2.4.7.5

Examples
PUSH
PUSH
POP

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{R0,R4-R7}
{R2,LR}
{R0,R10,PC}
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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.4.8 LDREX and STREX

Load and Store Register Exclusive.
39.2.4.8.1

Syntax

LDREX{cond} Rt, [Rn {, #offset}]

STREX{cond} Rd, Rt, [Rn {, #offset}]
LDREXB{cond} Rt, [Rn]
STREXB{cond} Rd, Rt, [Rn]
LDREXH{cond} Rt, [Rn]
STREXH{cond} Rd, Rt, [Rn]
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rd is the destination register for the returned status.
Rt is the register to load or store.
Rn is the register on which the memory address is based.
offset is an optional offset applied to the value in Rn. If offset is omitted, the address is the
value in Rn.
39.2.4.8.2

Operation
LDREX , LDREXB , and LDREXH load a word, byte, and halfword respectively from a memory
address.
STREX , STREXB , and STREXH attempt to store a word, byte, and halfword respectively to a
memory address. The address used in any Store-Exclusive instruction must be the same
as the address in the most recently executed Load-exclusive instruction. The value stored
by the Store-Exclusive instruction must also have the same data size as the value loaded
by the preceding Load-exclusive instruction. This means software must always use a
Load-exclusive instruction and a matching Store-Exclusive instruction to perform a
synchronization operation, see Section 39.3.2.7 Synchronization primitives

If an Store-Exclusive instruction performs the store, it writes 0 to its destination register. If

it does not perform the store, it writes 1 to its destination register. If the Store-Exclusive
instruction writes 0 to the destination register, it is guaranteed that no other process in the
system has accessed the memory location between the Load-exclusive and
Store-Exclusive instructions.
For reasons of performance, keep the number of instructions between corresponding
Load-Exclusive and Store-Exclusive instruction to a minimum.
Remark: The result of executing a Store-Exclusive instruction to an address that is
different from that used in the preceding Load-Exclusive instruction is unpredictable.
39.2.4.8.3

Restrictions

In these instructions:
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39.2.4.8.4

do not use PC
do not use SP for Rd and Rt
for STREX , Rd must be different from both Rt and Rn
the value of offset must be a multiple of four in the range 0-1020.

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

39.2.4.8.5

Examples
MOV

R1, #0x1

LDREX
CMP
ITT
STREXEQ
CMPEQ
BNE
....

R0,
R0,
EQ
R0,
R0,
try

; Initialize the lock taken value

try

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[LockAddr]
#0

;
;
;
R1, [LockAddr] ;
#0
;
;
;

Load the lock value

Is the lock free?
IT instruction for STREXEQ and CMPEQ
Try and claim the lock
Did this succeed?
No try again
Yes we have the lock

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.4.9 CLREX
Clear Exclusive.
39.2.4.9.1

Syntax

CLREX{cond}
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
39.2.4.9.2

Operation

Use CLREX to make the next STREX , STREXB , or STREXH instruction write 1 to its destination
register and fail to perform the store. It is useful in exception handler code to force the
failure of the store exclusive if the exception occurs between a load exclusive instruction
and the matching store exclusive instruction in a synchronization operation.
See Section 39.3.2.7 Synchronization primitives for more information.
39.2.4.9.3

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

39.2.4.9.4

Examples
CLREX

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5 General data processing instructions

Table 759 shows the data processing instructions:
Table 759. Data processing instructions

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Mnemonic

Brief description

See

ADC

Add with Carry

Section 39.2.5.1

ADD

Add

Section 39.2.5.1

ADDW

Add

Section 39.2.5.1

AND

Logical AND

Section 39.2.5.2

ASR

Arithmetic Shift Right

Section 39.2.5.3

BIC

Bit Clear

Section 39.2.5.2

CLZ

Count leading zeros

Section 39.2.5.4

CMN

Compare Negative

Section 39.2.5.5

CMP

Compare

Section 39.2.5.5

EOR

Exclusive OR

Section 39.2.5.2

LSL

Logical Shift Left

Section 39.2.5.3

LSR

Logical Shift Right

Section 39.2.5.3

MOV

Move

Section 39.2.5.6

MOVT

Move Top

Section 39.2.5.7

MOVW

Move 16-bit constant

Section 39.2.5.6

MVN

Move NOT

Section 39.2.5.6

ORN

Logical OR NOT

Section 39.2.5.2

ORR

Logical OR

Section 39.2.5.2

RBIT

Reverse Bits

Section 39.2.5.8

REV

Reverse byte order in a word

Section 39.2.5.8

REV16

Reverse byte order in each halfword

Section 39.2.5.8

REVSH

Reverse byte order in bottom halfword and sign extend

Section 39.2.5.8

ROR

Rotate Right

Section 39.2.5.3

RRX

Rotate Right with Extend

Section 39.2.5.3

RSB

Reverse Subtract

Section 39.2.5.1

SBC

Subtract with Carry

Section 39.2.5.1

SUB

Subtract

Section 39.2.5.1

SUBW

Subtract

Section 39.2.5.1

TEQ

Test Equivalence

Section 39.2.5.9

TST

Test

Section 39.2.5.9

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5.1 ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, and RSB

Add, Add with carry, Subtract, Subtract with carry, and Reverse Subtract.
39.2.5.1.1

Syntax
op{S}{cond} {Rd,} Rn, Operand2
op{cond} {Rd,} Rn, #imm12

; ADD and SUB only

where:
op is one of:
ADD: Add.
ADC: Add with Carry.
SUB: Subtract.
RSB: Reverse Subtract.

S: is an optional suffix. If S is specified, the condition code flags are updated on the result
of the operation, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
cond: is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rd is the destination register. If Rd is omitted, the destination register is Rn.
Rn is the register holding the first operand.
Operand2 is a flexible second operand. See Section 39.2.3.3 for details of the options.
imm12 is any value in the range 0-4095.
39.2.5.1.2

Operation

The ADD instruction adds the value of Operand2 or imm12 to the value in Rn.
The ADC instruction adds the values in Rn and Operand2, together with the carry flag.
The SUB instruction subtracts the value of Operand2 or imm12 from the value in Rn.
The SBC instruction subtracts the value of Operand2 from the value in Rn. If the carry flag
is clear, the result is reduced by one.
The RSB instruction subtracts the value in Rn from the value of Operand2. This is useful
because of the wide range of options for Operand2.
Use ADC and SBC to synthesize multiword arithmetic, see Section 39.2.5.1.6.
See also Section 39.2.4.1.
Remark: ADDW is equivalent to the ADD syntax that uses the imm12 operand. SUBW is
equivalent to the SUB syntax that uses the imm12 operand.
39.2.5.1.3

Restrictions

Operand2 must not be SP and must not be PC

Rd can be SP only in ADD and SUB , and only with the additional restrictions:
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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

Rn must also be SP
any shift in Operand2 must be limited to a maximum of 3 bits using LSL

Rn can be SP only in ADD and SUB

Rd can be PC only in the cond instruction where:
you must not specify the S suffix
Rm must not be PC and must not be SP
if the instruction is conditional, it must be the last instruction in the IT block

with the exception of the cond instruction, Rn can be PC only in ADD and SUB , and only
with the additional restrictions:
you must not specify the S suffix
the second operand must be a constant in the range 0 to 4095.
Note

When using the PC for an addition or a subtraction, bits[1:0] of the PC are rounded to
b00 before performing the calculation, making the base address for the calculation
word-aligned.

If you want to generate the address of an instruction, you have to adjust the constant
based on the value of the PC. ARM recommends that you use the ADR instruction
instead of ADD or SUB with Rn equal to the PC, because your assembler automatically
calculates the correct constant for the ADR instruction.
When Rd is PC in the cond instruction:

bit[0] of the value written to the PC is ignored

a branch occurs to the address created by forcing bit[0] of that value to 0.
39.2.5.1.4

Condition flags

If S is specified, these instructions update the N, Z, C and V flags according to the result.
39.2.5.1.5

Examples
ADD
SUBS
RSB
ADCHI

39.2.5.1.6

R2, R1, R3
R8, R6, #240
R4, R4, #1280
R11, R0, R3

;
;
;
;

Sets the flags on the result

Subtracts contents of R4 from 1280
Only executed if C flag set and Z
flag clear

Multiword arithmetic examples

Section shows two instructions that add a 64-bit integer contained in R2 and R3 to
another 64-bit integer contained in R0 and R1, and place the result in R4 and R5.
Multiword values do not have to use consecutive registers. Section shows instructions
that subtract a 96-bit integer contained in R9, R1, and R11 from another contained in R6,
R2, and R8. The example stores the result in R6, R9, and R2.
64-bit addition:
ADDS
R4, R0, R2
ADC
R5, R1, R3
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; add the least significant words

; add the most significant words with carry

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

96-bit subtraction:
SUBS
R6, R6, R9
SBCS
R9, R2, R1
SBC
R2, R8, R11

UM10470

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; subtract the least significant words

; subtract the middle words with carry
; subtract the most significant words with carry

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5.2 AND, ORR, EOR, BIC, and ORN

Logical AND, OR, Exclusive OR, Bit Clear, and OR NOT.
39.2.5.2.1

Syntax
op{S}{cond} {Rd,} Rn, Operand2

where:
op is one of:
AND: logical AND.
ORR: logical OR, or bit set.
EOR: logical Exclusive OR.
BIC: logical AND NOT, or bit clear.
ORN: logical OR NOT.

S is an optional suffix. If S is specified, the condition code flags are updated on the result
of the operation, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rd is the destination register.
Rn is the register holding the first operand.
Operand2 is a flexible second operand. See Section 39.2.3.3 for details of the options.
39.2.5.2.2

Operation

The AND , EOR , and ORR instructions perform bitwise AND, Exclusive OR, and OR operations
on the values in Rn and Operand2.
The BIC instruction performs an AND operation on the bits in Rn with the complements of
the corresponding bits in the value of Operand2.
The ORN instruction performs an OR operation on the bits in Rn with the complements of
the corresponding bits in the value of Operand2.
39.2.5.2.3

Restrictions

Do not use SP and do not use PC.

39.2.5.2.4

Condition flags

If S is specified, these instructions:

update the N and Z flags according to the result

can update the C flag during the calculation of Operand2, see Section 39.2.3.3
do not affect the V flag.
39.2.5.2.5

Examples
AND
ORREQ
ANDS

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R9, R2, #0xFF00

R2, R0, R5
R9, R8, #0x19
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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

EORS
BIC
ORN
ORNS

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R7,
R0,
R7,
R7,

R11, #0x18181818
R1, #0xab
R11, R14, ROR #4
R11, R14, ASR #32

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5.3 ASR, LSL, LSR, ROR, and RRX

Arithmetic Shift Right, Logical Shift Left, Logical Shift Right, Rotate Right, and Rotate
Right with Extend.
39.2.5.3.1

Syntax
op{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, Rs
op{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, #n

RRX{S}{cond} Rd, Rm
where:
op is one of:
ASR: Arithmetic Shift Right.
LSL: Logical Shift Left.
LSR : Logical Shift Right.
ROR: Rotate Right.

S is an optional suffix. If S is specified, the condition code flags are updated on the result
of the operation, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rd is the destination register.
Rm is the register holding the shift length to apply to the value in Rm. Only the least
significant byte is used and can be in the range 0 to 255.
Rs is the register holding the shift length to apply to the value in Rm. Only the least
significant byte is used and can be in the range 0 to 255.
n is the shift length. The range of shift length depends on the instruction:
ASR: shift length from 1 to 32
LSL: shift length from 0 to 31
LSR: shift length from 1 to 32
ROR: shift length from 1 to 31
Remark: MOV{S}{cond} Rd, Rm is the preferred syntax for LSL{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, #0 .
39.2.5.3.2

Operation
ASR , LSL , LSR , and ROR move the bits in the register Rm to the left or right by the number of
places specified by constant n or register Rs.
RRX moves the bits in register Rm to the right by 1.

In all these instructions, the result is written to Rd, but the value in register Rm remains
unchanged. For details on what result is generated by the different instructions, see
Section 39.2.3.4 Shift Operations.
39.2.5.3.3

Restrictions

Do not use SP and do not use PC.

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5.3.4

Condition flags

If S is specified:

these instructions update the N and Z flags according to the result

the C flag is updated to the last bit shifted out, except when the shift length is 0, see
Section 39.2.3.4 Shift Operations.
39.2.5.3.5

Examples
ASR
LSLS
LSR
ROR
RRX

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R7,
R1,
R4,
R4,
R4,

R8,
R2,
R5,
R5,
R5

#9
#3
#6
R6

;
;
;
;
;

Arithmetic shift right by 9 bits

Logical shift left by 3 bits with flag update
Logical shift right by 6 bits
Rotate right by the value in the bottom byte of R6
Rotate right with extend

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5.4 CLZ
Count Leading Zeros.
39.2.5.4.1

Syntax
CLZ{cond} Rd, Rm

where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7.
Rd is the destination register.
Rm is the operand register.
39.2.5.4.2

Operation

The CLZ instruction counts the number of leading zeros in the value in Rm and returns the
result in Rd. The result value is 32 if no bits are set in the source register, and zero if
bit[31] is set.
39.2.5.4.3

Restrictions

Do not use SP and do not use PC.

39.2.5.4.4

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.5.4.5

Examples
CLZ
CLZNE

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R4,R9
R2,R3

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5.5 CMP and CMN

Compare and Compare Negative.
39.2.5.5.1

Syntax
CMP{cond} Rn, Operand2
CMN{cond} Rn, Operand2

where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7.
Rn is the register holding the first operand.
Operand2 is a flexible second operand. See Flexible second operand on page 3-10for
details of the options.
39.2.5.5.2

Operation

These instructions compare the value in a register with Operand2. They update the
condition flags on the result, but do not write the result to a register.
The CMP instruction subtracts the value of Operand2 from the value in Rn. This is the same
as a SUBS instruction, except that the result is discarded.
The CMN instruction adds the value of Operand2 to the value in Rn. This is the same as an
ADDS instruction, except that the result is discarded.
39.2.5.5.3

Restrictions

In these instructions:

do not use PC
Operand2 must not be SP.
39.2.5.5.4

Condition flags

These instructions update the N, Z, C and V flags according to the result.

39.2.5.5.5

Examples
CMP
CMN
CMPGT

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R2, R9
R0, #6400
SP, R7, LSL #2

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5.6 MOV and MVN

Move and Move NOT.
39.2.5.6.1

Syntax
MOV{S}{cond} Rd, Operand2
MOV{cond} Rd, #imm16
MVN{S}{cond} Rd, Operand2

where:
S is an optional suffix. If S is specified, the condition code flags are updated on the result
of the operation, see Section 39.2.3.7.
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7.
Rd is the destination register.
Operand2 is a flexible second operand. See Flexible second operand on page 3-10for
details of the options.
imm16 is any value in the range 0-65535.
39.2.5.6.2

Operation

The MOV instruction copies the value of Operand2 into Rd.

When Operand2 in a MOV instruction is a register with a shift other than LSL #0 , the
preferred syntax is the corresponding shift instruction:

ASR{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, #n is the preferred syntax for MOV{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, ASR #n
LSL{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, #n is the preferred syntax for MOV{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, LSL #nn if !=
0

LSR{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, #n is the preferred syntax for MOV{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, LSR #n
ROR{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, #n is the preferred syntax for MOV{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, ROR #n
RRX{S}{cond} Rd, Rm is the preferred syntax for MOV{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, RRX .
Also, the MOV instruction permits additional forms of Operand2 as synonyms for shift
instructions:

MOV{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, ASR Rs is a synonym for ASR{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, Rs

MOV{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, LSL Rs is a synonym for LSL{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, Rs
MOV{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, LSR Rs is a synonym for LSR{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, Rs
MOV{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, ROR Rs is a synonym for ROR{S}{cond} Rd, Rm, Rs

See Section 39.2.5.3.

The MVN instruction takes the value of Operand2, performs a bitwise logical NOT operation
on the value, and places the result into Rd.
Remark: The MOVW instruction provides the same function as MOV , but is restricted to using
the imm16 operand.
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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5.6.3

Restrictions

You can use SP and PC only in the MOV instruction, with the following restrictions:

the second operand must be a register without shift

you must not specify the S suffix.
When Rd is PC in a MOV instruction:

bit[0] of the value written to the PC is ignored

a branch occurs to the address created by forcing bit[0] of that value to 0.
Remark: Though it is possible to use MOV as a branch instruction, ARM strongly
recommends the use of a BX or BLX instruction to branch for software portability to the ARM
instruction set.
39.2.5.6.4

Condition flags

If S is specified, these instructions:

update the N and Z flags according to the result

can update the C flag during the calculation of Operand2, see Section 39.2.3.3
do not affect the V flag.
39.2.5.6.5

Example
MOVS R11,
MOV
MOVS
MOV
MOV
MVNS

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User manual

#0x000B
; Write value of 0x000B to R11, flags get updated
R1, #0xFA05
; Write value of 0xFA05 to R1, flags are not updated
R10, R12
; Write value in R12 to R10, flags get updated
R3, #23
; Write value of 23 to R3
R8, SP
; Write value of stack pointer to R8
R2, #0xF
; Write value of 0xFFFFFFF0 (bitwise inverse of 0xF)
; to the R2 and update flags

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5.7 MOVT
Move Top.
39.2.5.7.1

Syntax
MOVT{cond} Rd, #imm16

where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7.
Rd is the destination register.
imm16 is a 16-bit immediate constant.
39.2.5.7.2

Operation
MOVT writes a 16-bit immediate value, imm16, to the top halfword, Rd[31:16], of its
destination register. The write does not affect Rd[15:0].

The MOV , MOVT instruction pair enables you to generate any 32-bit constant.
39.2.5.7.3

Restrictions
Rd must not be SP and must not be PC.

39.2.5.7.4

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.5.7.5

Examples
MOVT

UM10470

User manual

R3, #0xF123 ; Write 0xF123 to upper halfword of R3, lower halfword

; and APSR are unchanged

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5.8 REV, REV16, REVSH, and RBIT

Reverse bytes and Reverse bits.
39.2.5.8.1

Syntax
op{cond} Rd, Rn

where:
op is any of:
REV Reverse byte order in a word.
REV16 Reverse byte order in each halfword independently.
REVSH Reverse byte order in the bottom halfword, and sign extend to
RBIT Reverse the bit order in a 32-bit word.
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7.
Rd is the destination register.
Rn is the register holding the operand.

39.2.5.8.2

Operation

Use these instructions to change endianness of data:

REV: converts 32-bit big-endian data into little-endian data or 32-bit little-endian data into
big-endian data.
REV16 converts 16-bit big-endian data into little-endian data or 16-bit little-endian data
into big-endian data.
REVSH converts either:

16-bit signed big-endian data into 32-bit signed little-endian data

16-bit signed little-endian data into 32-bit signed big-endian data.
39.2.5.8.3

Restrictions

Do not use SP and do not use PC.

39.2.5.8.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

39.2.5.8.5

Examples
REV
REV16
REVSH
REVHS
RBIT

UM10470

User manual

R3,
R0,
R0,
R3,
R7,

R7
R0
R5
R7
R8

;
;
;
;
;

Reverse
Reverse
Reverse
Reverse
Reverse

byte order of value in R7 and write it to R3

byte order of each 16-bit halfword in R0
Signed Halfword
with Higher or Same condition
bit order of value in R8 and write the result to R7

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.5.9 TST and TEQ

Test bits and Test Equivalence.
39.2.5.9.1

Syntax
TST {cond} Rn, Operand2
TEQ {cond} Rn, Operand2

where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rn is the register holding the first operand.
Operand2 is a flexible second operand. See Section 39.2.3.3 for details of the options.
39.2.5.9.2

Operation

These instructions test the value in a register against Operand2. They update the
condition flags based on the result, but do not write the result to a register.
The TST instruction performs a bitwise AND operation on the value in Rn and the value of
Operand2. This is the same as the ANDS instruction, except that it discards the result.
To test whether a bit of Rn is 0 or 1, use the TST instruction with an Operand2 constant that
has that bit set to 1 and all other bits cleared to 0.
The TEQ instruction performs a bitwise Exclusive OR operation on the value in Rn and the
value of Operand2. This is the same as the EORS instruction, except that it discards the
result.
Use the TEQ instruction to test if two values are equal without affecting the V or C flags.
TEQ is also useful for testing the sign of a value. After the comparison, the N flag is the
logical Exclusive OR of the sign bits of the two operands.
39.2.5.9.3

Restrictions

Do not use SP and do not use PC.

39.2.5.9.4

Condition flags

These instructions:

update the N and Z flags according to the result

can update the C flag during the calculation of Operand2, see Section 39.2.3.3
do not affect the V flag.
39.2.5.9.5

Examples
TST
TEQEQ

UM10470

User manual

R0, #0x3F8 ;
;
R10, R9
;
;

Perform bitwise AND of R0 value to 0x3F8,

APSR is updated but result is discarded
Conditionally test if value in R10 is equal to
value in R9, APSR is updated but result is discarded

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.6 Multiply and divide instructions

Table 760 shows the multiply and divide instructions:
Table 760. Multiply and divide instructions

UM10470

User manual

Mnemonic

Brief description

See

MLA

Multiply with Accumulate, 32-bit result

Section 39.2.6.1

MLS

Multiply and Subtract, 32-bit result

Section 39.2.6.1

MUL

Multiply, 32-bit result

Section 39.2.6.1

SDIV

Signed Divide

Section 39.2.6.3

SMLAL

Signed Multiply with Accumulate (32x32+64), 64-bit result

Section 39.2.6.2

SMULL

Signed Multiply (32x32), 64-bit result

Section 39.2.6.2

UDIV

Unsigned Divide

Section 39.2.6.3

UMLAL

Unsigned Multiply with Accumulate (32x32+64), 64-bit result

Section 39.2.6.2

UMULL

Unsigned Multiply (32x32), 64-bit result

Section 39.2.6.2

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.6.1 MUL, MLA, and MLS

Multiply, Multiply with Accumulate, and Multiply with Subtract, using 32-bit operands, and
producing a 32-bit result.
39.2.6.1.1

Syntax
MUL{S} {cond} {Rd,} Rn, Rm ; Multiply
MLA {cond} Rd, Rn, Rm, Ra ; Multiply with accumulate

MLS{cond} Rd, Rn, Rm, Ra ; Multiply with subtract

where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.

S is an optional suffix. If S is specified, the condition code flags are updated on the result
of the operation, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rd is the destination register. If Rd is omitted, the destination register is Rn.
Rn, Rm are registers holding the values to be multiplied.
Ra is a register holding the value to be added or subtracted from.
39.2.6.1.2

Operation

The MUL instruction multiplies the values from Rn and Rm, and places the least significant
32 bits of the result in Rd.
The MLA instruction multiplies the values from Rn and Rm, adds the value from Ra, and
places the least significant 32 bits of the result in Rd.
The MLS instruction multiplies the values from Rn and Rm, subtracts the product from the
value from Ra, and places the least significant 32 bits of the result in Rd.
The results of these instructions do not depend on whether the operands are signed or
unsigned.
39.2.6.1.3

Restrictions

In these instructions, do not use SP and do not use PC.

If you use the S suffix with the MUL instruction:

Rd, Rn, and Rm must all be in the range R0 to R7

Rd must be the same as Rm
you must not use the cond suffix.
39.2.6.1.4

Condition flags

If S is specified, the MUL instruction:

updates the N and Z flags according to the result

does not affect the C and V flags.

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.6.1.5

Examples
MUL
MLA
MULS
MULLT
MLS

UM10470

User manual

R10, R2, R5
R10, R2, R1, R5
R0, R2, R2
R2, R3, R2
R4, R5, R6, R7

;
;
;
;
;

Multiply, R10
Multiply with
Multiply with
Conditionally
Multiply with

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= R2 x R5
accumulate, R10 =
flag update, R0 =
multiply, R2 = R3
subtract, R4 = R7

(R2 x R1) + R5
R2 x R2
x R2
- (R5 x R6)

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.6.2 UMULL, UMLAL, SMULL, and SMLAL

Signed and Unsigned Long Multiply, with optional Accumulate, using 32-bit operands and
producing a 64-bit result.
39.2.6.2.1

Syntax
op{cond} RdLo, RdHi, Rn, Rm

where:
op is one of:
UMULL: Unsigned Long Multiply.
UMLAL: Unsigned Long Multiply, with Accumulate.
SMULL: Signed Long Multiply.
SMLAL: Signed Long Multiply, with Accumulate.
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
RdHi, RdLo are the destination registers. For UMLAL and SMLAL they also hold the
accumulating value.
Rn, Rm are registers holding the operands.

39.2.6.2.2

Operation

The UMULL instruction interprets the values from Rn and Rm as unsigned integers. It
multiplies these integers and places the least significant 32 bits of the result in RdLo, and
the most significant 32 bits of the result in RdHi.
The UMLAL instruction interprets the values from Rn and Rm as unsigned integers. It
multiplies these integers, adds the 64-bit result to the 64-bit unsigned integer contained in
RdHi and RdLo, and writes the result back to RdHi and RdLo.
The SMULL instruction interprets the values from Rn and Rm as twos complement signed
integers. It multiplies these integers and places the least significant 32 bits of the result in
RdLo, and the most significant 32 bits of the result in RdHi.
The SMLAL instruction interprets the values from Rn and Rm as twos complement signed
integers. It multiplies these integers, adds the 64-bit result to the 64-bit signed integer
contained in RdHi and RdLo, and writes the result back to RdHi and RdLo.
39.2.6.2.3

Restrictions

In these instructions:

do not use SP and do not use PC

RdHi and RdLo must be different registers.
39.2.6.2.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not affect the condition code flags.

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.6.2.5

Examples
UMULL
SMLAL

UM10470

User manual

R0, R4, R5, R6

R4, R5, R3, R8

; Unsigned (R4,R0) = R5 x R6
; Signed (R5,R4) = (R5,R4) + R3 x R8

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.6.3 SDIV and UDIV

Signed Divide and Unsigned Divide.
39.2.6.3.1

Syntax

SDIV{cond} {Rd,} Rn, Rm

UDIV{cond} {Rd,} Rn, Rm
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.

Rd is the destination register. If Rd is omitted, the destination register is Rn.

Rn is the register holding the value to be divided.
Rm is a register holding the divisor.
39.2.6.3.2

Operation
SDIV performs a signed integer division of the value in Rn by the value in Rm.
UDIV performs an unsigned integer division of the value in Rn by the value in Rm.

For both instructions, if the value in Rn is not divisible by the value in Rm, the result is
rounded towards zero.
39.2.6.3.3

Restrictions

Do not use SP and do not use PC.

39.2.6.3.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

39.2.6.3.5

Examples
SDIV R0, R2, R4 ; Signed divide, R0 = R2/R4
UDIV R8, R8, R1 ; Unsigned divide, R8 = R8/R1

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.7 Saturating instructions

This section describes the saturating instructions, SSAT and USAT .

39.2.7.1 SSAT and USAT

Signed Saturate and Unsigned Saturate to any bit position, with optional shift before
saturating.
39.2.7.1.1

Syntax
op{cond} Rd, #n, Rm {, shift #s}

where:
op is one of:
SSAT Saturates a signed value to a signed range.
USAT Saturates a signed value to an unsigned range.
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rd is the destination register.
n specifies the bit position to saturate to:

n ranges from 1 to 32 for SSAT .

n ranges from 0 to 31 for USAT .
Rm is the register containing the value to saturate.
shift #s is an optional shift applied to Rm before saturating. It must be one of the following:
ASR #s: where s is in the range 1 to 31
LSL #s: where s is in the range 0 to 31.
39.2.7.1.2

Operation

These instructions saturate to a signed or unsigned n-bit value.

The SSAT instruction applies the specified shift, then saturates to the signed range
2n1 x 2n11.
The USAT instruction applies the specified shift, then saturates to the unsigned range
0 x 2n1.
For signed n-bit saturation using SSAT , this means that:

if the value to be saturated is less than 2n-1, the result returned is 2n-1
if the value to be saturated is greater than 2n-11, the result returned is 2n-11
otherwise, the result returned is the same as the value to be saturated.
For unsigned n-bit saturation using USAT , this means that:

if the value to be saturated is less than 0, the result returned is 0

if the value to be saturated is greater than 2n1, the result returned is 2n1
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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

otherwise, the result returned is the same as the value to be saturated.

If the returned result is different from the value to be saturated, it is called saturation. If
saturation occurs, the instruction sets the Q flag to 1 in the APSR. Otherwise, it leaves the
Q flag unchanged. To clear the Q flag to 0, you must use the MSR instruction, see
Section 39.2.10.7.
To read the state of the Q flag, use the MRS instruction, see Section 39.2.10.6.
39.2.7.1.3

Restrictions

Do not use SP and do not use PC.

39.2.7.1.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not affect the condition code flags.

If saturation occurs, these instructions set the Q flag to 1.
39.2.7.1.5

Examples
SSAT

R7, #16, R7, LSL #4 ;

;
;
USATNE R0, #7, R5
;
;

UM10470

User manual

Logical shift left value in R7 by 4, then

saturate it as a signed 16-bit value and
write it back to R7
Conditionally saturate value in R5 as an
unsigned 7 bit value and write it to R0

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.8 Bitfield instructions

Table 761 shows the instructions that operate on adjacent sets of bits in registers or
bitfields:
Table 761. Packing and unpacking instructions

UM10470

User manual

Mnemonic

Brief description

See

BFC

Bit Field Clear

Section 39.2.8.1

BFI

Bit Field Insert

Section 39.2.8.1

SBFX

Signed Bit Field Extract

Section 39.2.8.2

SXTB

Sign extend a byte

Section 39.2.8.3

SXTH

Sign extend a halfword

Section 39.2.8.3

UBFX

Unsigned Bit Field Extract

Section 39.2.8.2

UXTB

Zero extend a byte

Section 39.2.8.3

UXTH

Zero extend a halfword

Section 39.2.8.3

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.8.1 BFC and BFI

Bit Field Clear and Bit Field Insert.
39.2.8.1.1

Syntax

BFC{cond} Rd, #lsb, #width

BFI{cond} Rd, Rn, #lsb, #width
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rd is the destination register.
Rn is the source register.
lsb is the position of the least significant bit of the bitfield. lsb must be in the range 0 to 31.
width is the width of the bitfield and must be in the range 1 to 32lsb.
39.2.8.1.2

Operation
BFC clears a bitfield in a register. It clears width bits in Rd, starting at the low bit position
lsb . Other bits in Rd are unchanged.
BFI copies a bitfield into one register from another register. It replaces width bits in Rd
starting at the low bit position lsb , with width bits from Rn starting at bit[0]. Other bits in Rd
are unchanged.

39.2.8.1.3

Restrictions

Do not use SP and do not use PC.

39.2.8.1.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not affect the flags.

39.2.8.1.5

Examples
BFC
BFI

UM10470

User manual

R4, #8, #12

R9, R2, #8, #12

; Clear bit 8 to bit 19 (12 bits) of R4 to 0

; Replace bit 8 to bit 19 (12 bits) of R9 with
; bit 0 to bit 11 from R2

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.8.2 SBFX and UBFX

Signed Bit Field Extract and Unsigned Bit Field Extract.
39.2.8.2.1

Syntax

SBFX{cond} Rd, Rn, #lsb, #width

UBFX{cond} Rd, Rn, #lsb, #width
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rd is the destination register.
Rn is the source register.
lsb is the position of the least significant bit of the bitfield. lsb must be in the range 0 to 31.
width is the width of the bitfield and must be in the range 1 to 32lsb.
39.2.8.2.2

Operation
SBFX extracts a bitfield from one register, sign extends it to 32 bits, and writes the result to
the destination register.
UBFX extracts a bitfield from one register, zero extends it to 32 bits, and writes the result to
the destination register.

39.2.8.2.3

Restrictions

Do not use SP and do not use PC.

39.2.8.2.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not affect the flags.

39.2.8.2.5

Examples
SBFX R0, R1, #20, #4 ;
;
UBFX R8, R11, #9, #10 ;
;

UM10470

User manual

Extract bit 20 to bit 23 (4 bits) from R1 and sign

extend to 32 bits and then write the result to R0.
Extract bit 9 to bit 18 (10 bits) from R11 and zero
extend to 32 bits and then write the result to R8

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.8.3 SXT and UXT

Sign extend and Zero extend.
39.2.8.3.1

Syntax

SXTextend{cond} {Rd,} Rm {, ROR #n}

UXTextend{cond} {Rd}, Rm {, ROR #n}
where:
extend is one of:
B: Extends an 8-bit value to a 32-bit value.
H: Extends a 16-bit value to a 32-bit value.
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rd is the destination register.
Rm is the register holding the value to extend.

ROR #n is one of:

ROR #8: Value from Rm is rotated right 8 bits.
ROR #16: Value from Rm is rotated right 16 bits.
ROR #24: Value from Rm is rotated right 24 bits.

If ROR #n is omitted, no rotation is performed.

39.2.8.3.2

Operation

These instructions do the following:

1. Rotate the value from Rm right by 0, 8, 16 or 24 bits.
2. Extract bits from the resulting value:
SXTB extracts bits[7:0] and sign extends to 32 bits.
UXTB extracts bits[7:0] and zero extends to 32 bits.
SXTH extracts bits[15:0] and sign extends to 32 bits.
UXTH extracts bits[15:0] and zero extends to 32 bits.
39.2.8.3.3

Restrictions

Do not use SP and do not use PC.

39.2.8.3.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not affect the flags.

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User manual

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.8.3.5

Examples
SXTH R4, R6, ROR #16 ;
;
;
UXTB R3, R10
;
;

UM10470

User manual

Rotate R6 right by 16 bits, then obtain the lower

halfword of the result and then sign extend to
32 bits and write the result to R4.
Extract lowest byte of the value in R10 and zero
extend it, and write the result to R3

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.9 Branch and control instructions

Table 762 shows the branch and control instructions:
Table 762. Branch and control instructions

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User manual

Mnemonic

Brief description

See

Branch

Section 39.2.9.1

BL

Branch with Link

Section 39.2.9.1

BLX

Branch indirect with Link

Section 39.2.9.1

BX

Branch indirect

Section 39.2.9.1

CBNZ

Compare and Branch if Non Zero

Section 39.2.9.2

CBZ

Compare and Branch if Non Zero

Section 39.2.9.2

IT

If-Then

Section 39.2.9.3

TBB

Table Branch Byte

Section 39.2.9.4

TBH

Table Branch Halfword

Section 39.2.9.4

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.9.1 B, BL, BX, and BLX

Branch instructions.
39.2.9.1.1

Syntax

B{cond} label
BL{cond} label

BX{cond} Rm
BLX{cond} Rm
where:
B is branch (immediate).
BL is branch with link (immediate).
BX is branch indirect (register).
BLX is branch indirect with link (register).
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
label is a PC-relative expression. See Section 39.2.3.6 PC-relative expressions.
Rm is a register that indicates an address to branch to. Bit[0] of the value in Rm must be
1, but the address to branch to is created by changing bit[0] to 0.
39.2.9.1.2

Operation

All these instructions cause a branch to label, or to the address indicated in Rm. In
addition:

The BL and BLX instructions write the address of the next instruction to LR (the link
register, R14).

The BX and BLX instructions cause a UsageFault exception if bit[0] of Rm is 0.

Bcond label is the only conditional instruction that can be either inside or outside an IT
block. All other branch instructions must be conditional inside an IT block, and must be
unconditional outside the IT block, see Section 39.2.9.3.
Table 763 shows the ranges for the various branch instructions.
Table 763. Branch ranges
Instruction

Branch range

B label

16 MB to +16 MB

Bcond label (outside IT block)

1 MB to +1 MB

Bcond label (inside IT block)

16 MB to +16 MB

BL {cond} label

16 MB to +16 MB

BX {cond} Rm

Any value in register

BLX {cond} Rm

Any value in register

Remark: You might have to use the .W suffix to get the maximum branch range. See
Section 39.2.3.8 Instruction width selection.
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39.2.9.1.3

Restrictions

The restrictions are:

do not use PC in the BLX instruction

for BX and BLX , bit[0] of Rm must be 1 for correct execution but a branch occurs to the
target address created by changing bit[0] to 0

when any of these instructions is inside an IT block, it must be the last instruction of
the IT block.
Bcond is the only conditional instruction that is not required to be inside an IT block.
However, it has a longer branch range when it is inside an IT block.
39.2.9.1.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

39.2.9.1.5

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Examples
B
BLE
B.W
BEQ
BEQ.W
BL

loopA
ng
target
target
target
funC

BX
BXNE
BLX

LR
R0
R0

;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;

Branch to loopA
Conditionally branch to label ng
Branch to target within 16MB range
Conditionally branch to target
Conditionally branch to target within 1MB
Branch with link (Call) to function funC, return address
stored in LR
Return from function call
Conditionally branch to address stored in R0
Branch with link and exchange (Call) to a address stored
in R0

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.9.2 CBZ and CBNZ

Compare and Branch on Zero, Compare and Branch on Non-Zero.
39.2.9.2.1

Syntax

CBZ Rn, label

CBNZ Rn, label
where:
Rn is the register holding the operand.
label is the branch destination.
39.2.9.2.2

Operation

Use the CBZ or CBNZ instructions to avoid changing the condition code flags and to reduce
the number of instructions.
CBZ Rn, label does not change condition flags but is otherwise equivalent to:
CMP

Rn, #0
BEQ
label

CBNZ Rn, label does not change condition flags but is otherwise equivalent to:
CMP

39.2.9.2.3

Rn, #0
BNE
label

Restrictions

The restrictions are:

Rn must be in the range of R0 to R7

the branch destination must be within 4 to 130 bytes after the instruction
these instructions must not be used inside an IT block.
39.2.9.2.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

39.2.9.2.5

Examples
CBZ
CBNZ

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R5, target ; Forward branch if R5 is zero

R0, target ; Forward branch if R0 is not zero

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.9.3 IT
If-Then condition instruction.
39.2.9.3.1

Syntax

IT{x{y{z}}} cond
where:
x specifies the condition switch for the second instruction in the IT block.
y specifies the condition switch for the third instruction in the IT block.
z specifies the condition switch for the fourth instruction in the IT block.
cond specifies the condition for the first instruction in the IT block.

The condition switch for the second, third and fourth instruction in the IT block can be
either:
T: Then. Applies the condition cond to the instruction.
E: Else. Applies the inverse condition of cond to the instruction.
Remark: It is possible to use AL (the always condition) for cond in an IT instruction. If this
is done, all of the instructions in the IT block must be unconditional, and each of x, y, and
z must be T or omitted but not E .
39.2.9.3.2

Operation

The IT instruction makes up to four following instructions conditional. The conditions can
be all the same, or some of them can be the logical inverse of the others. The conditional
instructions following the IT instruction form the IT block.
The instructions in the IT block, including any branches, must specify the condition in the
{cond} part of their syntax.
Remark: Your assembler might be able to generate the required IT instructions for
conditional instructions automatically, so that you do not need to write them yourself. See
your assembler documentation for details.

A BKPT instruction in an IT block is always executed, even if its condition fails.

Exceptions can be taken between an IT instruction and the corresponding IT block, or
within an IT block. Such an exception results in entry to the appropriate exception handler,
with suitable return information in LR and stacked PSR.
Instructions designed for use for exception returns can be used as normal to return from
the exception, and execution of the IT block resumes correctly. This is the only way that a
PC-modifying instruction is permitted to branch to an instruction in an IT block.
39.2.9.3.3

Restrictions

The following instructions are not permitted in an IT block:

IT
CBZ and CBNZ
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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

CPSID and CPSIE.

Other restrictions when using an IT block are:

a branch or any instruction that modifies the PC must either be outside an IT block or
must be the last instruction inside the IT block. These are:
ADD PC, PC, Rm
MOV PC, Rm
B , BL , BX , BLX
any LDM , LDR , or POP instruction that writes to the PC
TBB and TBH

do not branch to any instruction inside an IT block, except when returning from an
exception handler

all conditional instructions except Bcond must be inside an IT block. Bcond can be
either outside or inside an IT block but has a larger branch range if it is inside one

each instruction inside the IT block must specify a condition code suffix that is either
the same or logical inverse as for the other instructions in the block.
Remark: Your assembler might place extra restrictions on the use of IT blocks, such as
prohibiting the use of assembler directives within them.
39.2.9.3.4

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.9.3.5

Example

ITTE
ANDNE
ADDSNE
MOVEQ

NE
R0, R0, R1
R2, R2, #1
R2, R3

CMP

R0, #9

IT

GT

;
;
;
;

;
;
ITE
GT
;
ADDGT R1, R0, #55 ;
ADDLE R1, R0, #48 ;

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Convert R0 hex value (0 to 15) into ASCII

('0'-'9', 'A'-'F')
Next 2 instructions are conditional
Convert 0xA -> 'A'
Convert 0x0 -> '0'

; IT block with only one conditional instruction

ADDGT R1, R1, #1

ITTEE
MOVEQ
ADDEQ
ANDNE
BNE.W

Next 3 instructions are conditional

ANDNE does not update condition flags
ADDSNE updates condition flags
Conditional move

; Increment R1 conditionally

EQ
; Next 4 instructions are conditional
R0, R1
; Conditional move
R2, R2, #10 ; Conditional add
R3, R3, #1 ; Conditional AND
dloop
; Branch instruction can only be used in the last
; instruction of an IT block

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

IT
ADD

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NE
R0, R0, R1

; Next instruction is conditional

; Syntax error: no condition code used in IT block

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.9.4 TBB and TBH

Table Branch Byte and Table Branch Halfword.
39.2.9.4.1

Syntax

TBB [Rn, Rm]

TBH [Rn, Rm, LSL #1]
where:
Rn is the register containing the address of the table of branch lengths.

If Rn is PC, then the address of the table is the address of the byte immediately following
the TBB or TBH instruction.
Rm is the index register. This contains an index into the table. For halfword tables, LSL #1
doubles the value in Rm to form the right offset into the table.
39.2.9.4.2

Operation

These instructions cause a PC-relative forward branch using a table of single byte offsets
for TBB , or halfword offsets for TBH . Rn provides a pointer to the table, and Rm supplies an
index into the table. For TBB the branch offset is twice the unsigned value of the byte
returned from the table. and for TBH the branch offset is twice the unsigned value of the
halfword returned from the table. The branch occurs to the address at that offset from the
address of the byte immediately after the TBB or TBH instruction.
39.2.9.4.3

Restrictions

The restrictions are:

Rn must not be SP
Rm must not be SP and must not be PC
when any of these instructions is used inside an IT block, it must be the last
instruction of the IT block.
39.2.9.4.4

Condition flags

These instructions do not change the flags.

39.2.9.4.5

Examples
ADR.W R0, BranchTable_Byte
TBB [R0, R1]
; R1 is the index, R0 is the base address of the
; branch table
Case1
; an instruction sequence follows
Case2
; an instruction sequence follows
Case3
; an instruction sequence follows
BranchTable_Byte
DCB
0
; Case1 offset calculation
DCB
((Case2-Case1)/2) ; Case2 offset calculation
DCB
((Case3-Case1)/2) ; Case3 offset calculation

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TBH

[PC, R1, LSL #1]

; R1 is the index, PC is used as base of the

; branch table

BranchTable_H
DCI
((CaseA - BranchTable_H)/2) ; CaseA offset calculation
DCI
((CaseB - BranchTable_H)/2) ; CaseB offset calculation
DCI
((CaseC - BranchTable_H)/2) ; CaseC offset calculation
CaseA
; an instruction sequence follows
CaseB
; an instruction sequence follows
CaseC
; an instruction sequence follows

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.10 Miscellaneous instructions

Table 764 shows the remaining Cortex-M3 instructions:
Table 764. Miscellaneous instructions

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Mnemonic

Brief description

See

BKPT

Breakpoint

Section 39.2.10.1

CPSID

Change Processor State, Disable Interrupts

Section 39.2.10.2

CPSIE

Change Processor State, Enable Interrupts

Section 39.2.10.2

DMB

Data Memory Barrier

Section 39.2.10.3

DSB

Data Synchronization Barrier

Section 39.2.10.4

ISB

Instruction Synchronization Barrier

Section 39.2.10.5

MRS

Move from special register to register

Section 39.2.10.6

MSR

Move from register to special register

Section 39.2.10.7

NOP

No Operation

Section 39.2.10.8

SEV

Send Event

Section 39.2.10.9

SVC

Supervisor Call

Section 39.2.10.10

WFE

Wait For Event

Section 39.2.10.11

WFI

Wait For Interrupt

Section 39.2.10.12

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.10.1 BKPT
Breakpoint.
39.2.10.1.1

Syntax
BKPT #imm

where:
imm is an expression evaluating to an integer in the range 0-255 (8-bit value).
39.2.10.1.2

Operation

The BKPT instruction causes the processor to enter Debug state. Debug tools can use this
to investigate system state when the instruction at a particular address is reached.
imm is ignored by the processor. If required, a debugger can use it to store additional
information about the breakpoint.

The BKPT instruction can be placed inside an IT block, but it executes unconditionally,
unaffected by the condition specified by the IT instruction.
39.2.10.1.3

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.10.1.4

Examples
BKPT 0xAB

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; Breakpoint with immediate value set to 0xAB (debugger can

; extract the immediate value by locating it using the PC)

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.10.2 CPS
Change Processor State.
39.2.10.2.1

Syntax

CPSeffect iflags
where:
effect is one of:
IE Clears the special purpose register.
ID Sets the special purpose register
iflags is a sequence of one or more flags:
i Set or clear PRIMASK.
f Set or clear FAULTMASK.
39.2.10.2.2

Operation
CPS changes the PRIMASK and FAULTMASK special register values. See
Section 39.3.1.3.6 Exception mask registers for more information about these registers.

39.2.10.2.3

Restrictions

The restrictions are:

use CPS only from privileged software, it has no effect if used in unprivileged software.
CPS cannot be conditional and so must not be used inside an IT block.
39.2.10.2.4

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the condition flags.

39.2.10.2.5

Examples
CPSID
CPSID
CPSIE
CPSIE

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i
f
i
f

;
;
;
;

Disable interrupts and configurable fault handlers (set PRIMASK)

Disable interrupts and all fault handlers (set FAULTMASK)
Enable interrupts and configurable fault handlers (clear PRIMASK)
Enable interrupts and fault handlers (clear FAULTMASK)

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39.2.10.3 DMB
Data Memory Barrier.
39.2.10.3.1

Syntax

DMB{cond}
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
39.2.10.3.2

Operation
DMB acts as a data memory barrier. It ensures that all explicit memory accesses that
appear, in program order, before the DMB instruction are completed before any explicit
memory accesses that appear, in program order, after the DMB instruction. DMB does not
affect the ordering or execution of instructions that do not access memory.

39.2.10.3.3

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.10.3.4

Examples
DMB ; Data Memory Barrier

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.10.4 DSB
Data Synchronization Barrier.
39.2.10.4.1

Syntax

DSB{cond}
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
39.2.10.4.2

Operation
DSB acts as a special data synchronization memory barrier. Instructions that come after the
DSB , in program order, do not execute until the DSB instruction completes. The DSB
instruction completes when all explicit memory accesses before it complete.

39.2.10.4.3

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.10.4.4

Examples
DSB ; Data Synchronisation Barrier

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.2.10.5 ISB
Instruction Synchronization Barrier.
39.2.10.5.1

Syntax

ISB{cond}
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
39.2.10.5.2

Operation
ISB acts as an instruction synchronization barrier. It flushes the pipeline of the processor,
so that all instructions following the ISB are fetched from cache or memory again, after the
ISB instruction has been completed.

39.2.10.5.3

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.10.5.4

Examples
ISB ; Instruction Synchronisation Barrier

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39.2.10.6 MRS
Move the contents of a special register to a general-purpose register.
39.2.10.6.1

Syntax
MRS {cond} Rd, spec_reg

where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rd is the destination register.
spec_reg can be any of: APSR , IPSR , EPSR , IEPSR , IAPSR , EAPSR , PSR , MSP , PSP , PRIMASK , BASEPRI ,
BASEPRI_MAX , FAULTMASK , or CONTROL .
39.2.10.6.2

Operation

Use MRS in combination with MSR as part of a read-modify-write sequence for updating a
PSR, for example to clear the Q flag.
In process swap code, the programmers model state of the process being swapped out
must be saved, including relevant PSR contents. Similarly, the state of the process being
swapped in must also be restored. These operations use MRS in the state-saving
instruction sequence and MSR in the state-restoring instruction sequence.
Remark: BASEPRI_MAX is an alias of BASEPRI when used with the MRS instruction.

See Section 39.2.10.7.

39.2.10.6.3

Restrictions
Rd must not be SP and must not be PC.

39.2.10.6.4

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.10.6.5

Examples
MRS R0, PRIMASK ; Read PRIMASK value and write it to R0

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39.2.10.7 MSR
Move the contents of a general-purpose register into the specified special register.
39.2.10.7.1

Syntax
MSR {cond} spec_reg, Rn

where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
Rn is the source register.
spec_reg can be any of: APSR , IPSR , EPSR , IEPSR , IAPSR , EAPSR , PSR , MSP , PSP , PRIMASK , BASEPRI ,
BASEPRI_MAX , FAULTMASK , or CONTROL .
39.2.10.7.2

Operation

The register access operation in MSR depends on the privilege level. Unprivileged software
can only access the APSR , see Table 768 APSR bit assignments. Privileged software can
access all special registers.
In unprivileged software writes to unallocated or execution state bits in the PSR are
ignored.
Note

When you write to BASEPRI_MAX , the instruction writes to BASEPRI only if either:

Rn is non-zero and the current BASEPRI value is 0

Rn is non-zero and less than the current BASEPRI value.
See Section 39.2.10.6.
39.2.10.7.3

Restrictions
Rn must not be SP and must not be PC.

39.2.10.7.4

Condition flags

This instruction updates the flags explicitly based on the value in Rn.
39.2.10.7.5

Examples
MSR CONTROL, R1 ; Read R1 value and write it to the CONTROL register

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39.2.10.8 NOP
No Operation.
39.2.10.8.1

Syntax

NOP{cond}
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
39.2.10.8.2

Operation
NOP does nothing. NOP is not necessarily a time-consuming NOP . The processor might
remove it from the pipeline before it reaches the execution stage.

Use NOP for padding, for example to place the following instruction on a 64-bit boundary.
39.2.10.8.3

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.10.8.4

Examples
NOP ; No operation

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39.2.10.9 SEV
Send Event.
39.2.10.9.1

Syntax

SEV{cond}
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
39.2.10.9.2

Operation
SEV is a hint instruction that causes an event to be signaled to all processors within a
multiprocessor system. It also sets the local event register to 1, see Section 39.3.5 Power
management.

39.2.10.9.3

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.10.9.4

Examples
SEV ; Send Event

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39.2.10.10 SVC
Supervisor Call.
39.2.10.10.1

Syntax
SVC {cond} #imm

where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
imm is an expression evaluating to an integer in the range 0-255 (8-bit value).
39.2.10.10.2

Operation

The SVC instruction causes the SVC exception.

imm is ignored by the processor. If required, it can be retrieved by the exception handler to
determine what service is being requested.
39.2.10.10.3

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.10.10.4

Examples
SVC 0x32 ; Supervisor Call (SVC handler can extract the immediate value
; by locating it via the stacked PC)

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39.2.10.11 WFE
Wait For Event.
39.2.10.11.1

Syntax

WFE{cond}
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution
39.2.10.11.2

Operation
WFE is a hint instruction.

If the event register is 0, WFE suspends execution until one of the following events occurs:

an exception, unless masked by the exception mask registers or the current priority
level

an exception enters the Pending state, if SEVONPEND in the System Control Register is
set

a Debug Entry request, if Debug is enabled

an event signaled by a peripheral or another processor in a multiprocessor system
using the SEV instruction.
If the event register is 1, WFE clears it to 0 and returns immediately.
For more information see Section 39.3.5 Power management.
39.2.10.11.3

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.10.11.4

Examples
WFE ; Wait for event

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39.2.10.12 WFI
Wait for Interrupt.
39.2.10.12.1

Syntax

WFI{cond}
where:
cond is an optional condition code, see Section 39.2.3.7 Conditional execution.
39.2.10.12.2

Operation
WFI is a hint instruction that suspends execution until one of the following events occurs:

an exception
a Debug Entry request, regardless of whether Debug is enabled.
39.2.10.12.3

Condition flags

This instruction does not change the flags.

39.2.10.12.4

Examples
WFI ; Wait for interrupt

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.3 ARM Cortex-M3 User Guide: Processor

39.3.1 Programmers model
This section describes the Cortex-M3 programmers model. In addition to the individual
core register descriptions, it contains information about the processor modes and privilege
levels for software execution and stacks.

39.3.1.1 Processor mode and privilege levels for software execution

The processor modes are:

Thread mode
Used to execute application software. The processor enters Thread mode when it
comes out of reset.

Handler mode
Used to handle exceptions. The processor returns to Thread mode when it has
finished exception processing.
The privilege levels for software execution are:

Unprivileged
The software:
has limited access to the MSR and MRS instructions, and cannot use the CPS
instruction
cannot access the system timer, NVIC, or system control block
might have restricted access to memory or peripherals.
Unprivileged software executes at the unprivileged level.

Privileged
The software can use all the instructions and has access to all resources.
Privileged software executes at the privileged level.

In Thread mode, the CONTROL register controls whether software execution is privileged
or unprivileged, see Table 774. In Handler mode, software execution is always privileged.
Only privileged software can write to the CONTROL register to change the privilege level
for software execution in Thread mode. Unprivileged software can use the SVC instruction
to make a supervisor call to transfer control to privileged software.

39.3.1.2 Stacks
The processor uses a full descending stack. This means the stack pointer indicates the
last stacked item on the stack memory. When the processor pushes a new item onto the
stack, it decrements the stack pointer and then writes the item to the new memory
location. The processor implements two stacks, the main stack and the process stack,
with independent copies of the stack pointer, see Section 39.3.1.3.2.
In Thread mode, the CONTROL register controls whether the processor uses the main
stack or the process stack, see Table 774. In Handler mode, the processor always uses
the main stack. The options for processor operations are:
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Table 765. Summary of processor mode, execution privilege level, and stack use options
Processor
mode

Used to
execute

Privilege level for

software execution

Stack used

Thread

Applications

Privileged or
unprivileged [1]

Main stack or process

stack [1]

Handler

Exception handlers

Always privileged

Main stack

[1]

See Table 774.

39.3.1.3 Core registers

The processor core registers are:

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Table 766. Core register set summary

Name

Type [1]

Required
privilege [2]

Reset
value

Description

R0-R12

RW

Either

Undefined

Section 39.3.1.3.1

MSP

RW

Privileged

See description

Section 39.3.1.3.2

PSP

RW

Either

Undefined

Section 39.3.1.3.2

LR

RW

Either

0xFFFFFFFF

Section 39.3.1.3.3

PC

RW

Either

See description

Section 39.3.1.3.4

PSR

RW

Privileged

0x01000000

Section 39.3.1.3.5

ASPR

RW

Either

0x00000000

Table 768

IPSR

RO

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 769

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Table 766. Core register set summary

Name

Type [1]

Required
privilege [2]

Reset
value

Description

EPSR

RO

Privileged

0x01000000

Table 770

PRIMASK

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 771

FAULTMASK

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 772

BASEPRI

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 773

CONTROL

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 774

[1]

Describes access type during program execution in thread mode and Handler mode. Debug access can differ.

[2]

An entry of Either means privileged and unprivileged software can access the register.

39.3.1.3.1

General-purpose registers

R0-R12 are 32-bit general-purpose registers for data operations.

39.3.1.3.2

Stack Pointer

The Stack Pointer (SP) is register R13. In Thread mode, bit[1] of the CONTROL register
indicates the stack pointer to use:
On reset, the processor loads the MSP with the value from address 0x00000000 .

0 = Main Stack Pointer (MSP). This is the reset value.

1 = Process Stack Pointer (PSP).
39.3.1.3.3

Link Register

The Link Register (LR) is register R14. It stores the return information for subroutines,
function calls, and exceptions. On reset, the processor loads the LR value 0xFFFFFFFF.
39.3.1.3.4

Program Counter

The Program Counter (PC) is register R15. It contains the current program address.
Bit[0] is always 0 because instruction fetches must be halfword aligned. On reset, the
processor loads the PC with the value of the reset vector, which is at address 0x00000004 .
39.3.1.3.5

Program Status Register

The Program Status Register (PSR) combines:

Application Program Status Register (APSR)

Interrupt Program Status Register (IPSR)
Execution Program Status Register (EPSR).
These registers are mutually exclusive bitfields in the 32-bit PSR. The bit assignments
are:

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Access these registers individually or as a combination of any two or all three registers,
using the register name as an argument to the MSR or MRS instructions. For example:

read all of the registers using PSR with the MRS instruction
write to the APSR using APSR with the MSR instruction.
The PSR combinations and attributes are:
Table 767. PSR register combinations
Register

Type

PSR

RW[1][2]

Combination

APSR, EPSR, and IPSR

IEPSR

RO

EPSR and IPSR

IAPSR

RW[1]

APSR and IPSR

EAPSR

RW[2]

APSR and EPSR

[1]

The processor ignores writes to the IPSR bits.

[2]

Reads of the EPSR bits return zero, and the processor ignores writes to the these bits

See the instruction descriptions Section 39.2.10.6 MRS and Section 39.2.10.7 MSR for
more information about how to access the program status registers.
Application Program Status Register: The APSR contains the current state of the
condition flags from previous instruction executions. See the register summary in
Table 766 for its attributes. The bit assignments are:

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Table 768. APSR bit assignments

Bits

Name

[31]

Function

Negative or less than flag:

0 = operation result was positive, zero, greater than, or equal
1 = operation result was negative or less than.

[30]

Zero flag:
0 = operation result was not zero
1 = operation result was zero.

[29]

Carry or borrow flag:

0 = add operation did not result in a carry bit or subtract operation resulted in
a borrow bit
1 = add operation resulted in a carry bit or subtract operation did not result in
a borrow bit.

[28]

Overflow flag:
0 = operation did not result in an overflow
1 = operation resulted in an overflow.

[27]

Sticky saturation flag:

0 = indicates that saturation has not occurred since reset or since the bit was
last cleared to zero
1 = indicates when an SSAT or USAT instruction results in saturation.
This bit is cleared to zero by software using an MRS instruction.

[26:0]

Reserved.

Interrupt Program Status Register: The IPSR contains the exception type number of
the current Interrupt Service Routine (ISR). See the register summary in Table 766 for
its attributes. The bit assignments are:

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Table 769. IPSR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[31:9]

Reserved

[8:0]

ISR_NUMBER

This is the number of the current exception:

0 = Thread mode
1 = Reserved
2 = NMI
3 = Hard fault
4 = Memory management fault
5 = Bus fault
6 = Usage fault
7-10 = Reserved
11 = SVCall
12 = Reserved for Debug
13 = Reserved
14 = PendSV
15 = SysTick
16 = IRQ0
17 = IRQ1, first device specific interrupt
.
.
255 = IRQ243 (last implemented interrupt depends on device)
see Section 39.3.3.2 for more information.

Execution Program Status Register: The EPSR contains the Thumb state bit, and the
execution state bits for either the:

If-Then (IT) instruction

Interruptible-Continuable Instruction (ICI) field for an interrupted load multiple or
store multiple instruction.
See the register summary in Table 766 for the EPSR attributes. The bit assignments are:
Table 770. EPSR bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:27]

Reserved.

[26:25], [15:10]

ICI

Interruptible-continuable instruction bits, see Section .

[26:25], [15:10]

IT

Indicates the execution state bits of the IT instruction, see

Section 39.2.9.3 IT.

[24]

Always set to 1.

[23:16]

Reserved.

[9:0]

Reserved.

Attempts to read the EPSR directly through application software using the MSR instruction
always return zero. Attempts to write the EPSR using the MSR instruction in application
software are ignored. Fault handlers can examine EPSR value in the stacked PSR to
indicate the operation that is at fault. See Section 39.3.3.7
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Interruptible-continuable instructions: When an interrupt occurs during the execution

of an LDM or STM instruction, the processor:

After servicing the interrupt, the processor:

stops the load multiple or store multiple instruction operation temporarily.

stores the next register operand in the multiple operation to EPSR bits[15:12].
returns to the register pointed to by bits[15:12].
resumes execution of the multiple load or store instruction.
When the EPSR holds ICI execution state, bits[26:25,11:10] are zero.
If-Then block: The If-Then block contains up to four instructions following a 16-bit IT
instruction. Each instruction in the block is conditional. The conditions for the instructions
are either all the same, or some can be the inverse of others. See Section 39.2.9.3 IT for
more information.
39.3.1.3.6

Exception mask registers

The exception mask registers disable the handling of exceptions by the processor.
Disable exceptions where they might impact on timing critical tasks.
To access the exception mask registers use the MSR and MRS instructions, or the CPS
instruction to change the value of PRIMASK or FAULTMASK. See Section 39.2.10.6
MRS, Section 39.2.10.7 MSR, and Section 39.2.10.2 CPS for more information.
Priority Mask Register: The PRIMASK register prevents activation of all exceptions with
configurable priority. See the register summary in Table 766 for its attributes. The bit
assignments are shown in Table 771.
Table 771. PRIMASK register bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:1]

Reserved

[0]

PRIMASK

0 = no effect
1 = prevents the activation of all exceptions with configurable priority.

Fault Mask Register: The FAULTMASK register prevents activation of all exceptions
except for Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI). See the register summary in Table 766 for its
attributes. The bit assignments are shown in Table 772.
Table 772. FAULTMASK register bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:1]

Reserved

[0]

FAULTMASK

0 = no effect
1 = prevents the activation of all exceptions except for NMI.

The processor clears the FAULTMASK bit to 0 on exit from any exception handler except
the NMI handler.
Base Priority Mask Register: The BASEPRI register defines the minimum priority for
exception processing. When BASEPRI is set to a nonzero value, it prevents the activation
of all exceptions with same or lower priority level as the BASEPRI value. See the register
summary in Table 766 for its attributes. The bit assignments are shown in Table 773.
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Table 773. BASEPRI register bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[31:8]

Reserved

[7:0]

BASEPRI [1]

Priority mask bits:

0x0000 = no effect

Nonzero = defines the base priority for exception processing.

The processor does not process any exception with a priority value
greater than or equal to BASEPRI.
[1]

39.3.1.3.7

This field is similar to the priority fields in the interrupt priority registers. The processor implements only
bits[7:M] of this field, bits[M-1:0] read as zero and ignore writes. The value of M depends on the specific
device. See Section 39.4.2.7 Interrupt Priority Registers for more information. Remember that higher
priority field values correspond to lower exception priorities.

CONTROL register

The CONTROL register controls the stack used and the privilege level for software
execution when the processor is in Thread mode. See the register summary in Table 766
for its attributes. The bit assignments are shown in Table 774.
Table 774. CONTROL register bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:2]

Reserved

[1]

Active stack
pointer

Defines the current stack:

0 = MSP is the current stack pointer
1 = PSP is the current stack pointer.
In Handler mode this bit reads as zero and ignores writes.

[0]

Thread mode
privilege level

Defines the Thread mode privilege level:

0 = privileged
1 = unprivileged.

Handler mode always uses the MSP, so the processor ignores explicit writes to the active
stack pointer bit of the CONTROL register when in Handler mode. The exception entry
and return mechanisms update the CONTROL register.
In an OS environment, ARM recommends that threads running in Thread mode use the
process stack and the kernel and exception handlers use the main stack.
By default, Thread mode uses the MSP. To switch the stack pointer used in Thread mode
to the PSP, use the MSR instruction to set the Active stack pointer bit to 1, see
Section 39.2.10.7 MSR.
Remark: When changing the stack pointer, software must use an ISB instruction
immediately after the MSR instruction. This ensures that instructions after the ISB execute
using the new stack pointer. See Section 39.2.10.5 ISB

39.3.1.4 Exceptions and interrupts

The Cortex-M3 processor supports interrupts and system exceptions. The processor and
the Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) prioritize and handle all exceptions. An
exception changes the normal flow of software control. The processor uses handler mode
to handle all exceptions except for reset. See Section 39.3.3.7.1 and Section 39.3.3.7.2
for more information.
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The NVIC registers control interrupt handling. See Section 39.4.2 Nested Vectored
Interrupt Controller for more information.

39.3.1.5 Data types

The processor:

supports the following data types:

32-bit words
16-bit halfwords
8-bit bytes

supports 64-bit data transfer instructions.

manages all data memory accesses as little-endian. See Section 39.3.2.1 for more
information.

39.3.1.6 The Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard

For a Cortex-M3 microcontroller system, the Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface
Standard (CMSIS) defines:

a common way to:

access peripheral registers
define exception vectors

the names of:

the registers of the core peripherals
the core exception vectors

a device-independent interface for RTOS kernels, including a debug channel.

The CMSIS includes address definitions and data structures for the core peripherals in the
Cortex-M3 processor. It also includes optional interfaces for middleware components
comprising a TCP/IP stack and a Flash file system.
CMSIS simplifies software development by enabling the reuse of template code and the
combination of CMSIS-compliant software components from various middleware vendors.
Software vendors can expand the CMSIS to include their peripheral definitions and
access functions for those peripherals.
This document includes the register names defined by the CMSIS, and gives short
descriptions of the CMSIS functions that address the processor core and the core
peripherals.
Remark: This document uses the register short names defined by the CMSIS. In a few
cases these differ from the architectural short names that might be used in other
documents.

The following sections give more information about the CMSIS:

Section 39.3.5.4
Section 39.2.2 Intrinsic functions
Section 39.4.2.1 The CMSIS mapping of the Cortex-M3 NVIC registers
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Section 39.4.2.10.1 NVIC programming hints.

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39.3.2 Memory model

This section describes the processor memory map, the behavior of memory accesses,
and the bit-banding features. The processor has a fixed memory map that provides up to
4GB of addressable memory. The memory map is:
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The regions for SRAM and peripherals include bit-band regions. Bit-banding provides
atomic operations to bit data, see Section 39.3.2.5.
The processor reserves regions of the Private peripheral bus (PPB) address range for
core peripheral registers, see Section 39.4.1 About the Cortex-M3 peripherals.

39.3.2.1 Memory regions, types and attributes

The memory map and the programming of the MPU split the memory map into regions.
Each region has a defined memory type, and some regions have additional memory
attributes. The memory type and attributes determine the behavior of accesses to the
region.
The memory types are:
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Normal: The processor can re-order transactions for efficiency, or perform speculative
reads.

Device: The processor preserves transaction order relative to other transactions to

Device or Strongly-ordered memory.

Strongly-ordered: The processor preserves transaction order relative to all other

transactions.
The different ordering requirements for Device and Strongly-ordered memory mean that
the memory system can buffer a write to Device memory, but must not buffer a write to
Strongly-ordered memory.
The additional memory attributes include.

Shareable
For a shareable memory region, the memory system provides data synchronization
between bus masters in a system with multiple bus masters, for example, a processor
with a DMA controller.
Strongly-ordered memory is always shareable.
If multiple bus masters can access a non-shareable memory region, software must
ensure data coherency between the bus masters.

Execute Never (XN)

Means the processor prevents instruction accesses. Any attempt to fetch an
instruction from an XN region causes a memory management fault exception.

39.3.2.2 Memory system ordering of memory accesses

For most memory accesses caused by explicit memory access instructions, the memory
system does not guarantee that the order in which the accesses complete matches the
program order of the instructions, providing this does not affect the behavior of the
instruction sequence. Normally, if correct program execution depends on two memory
accesses completing in program order, software must insert a memory barrier instruction
between the memory access instructions, see Section 39.3.2.4.
However, the memory system does guarantee some ordering of accesses to Device and
Strongly-ordered memory. For two memory access instructions A1 and A2, if A1 occurs
before A2 in program order, the ordering of the memory accesses caused by two
instructions is:

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Where:
means that the memory system does not guarantee the ordering of the accesses.
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< means that accesses are observed in program order, that is, A1 is always observed
before A2.

39.3.2.3 Behavior of memory accesses

The behavior of accesses to each region in the memory map is:
Table 775. Memory access behavior
Address
range

Memory
region

Memory
type

XN

Description

0x00000000 0x1FFFFFFF

Code

Normal [1]

Executable region for program code.

You can also put data here.

0x20000000 0x3FFFFFFF

SRAM

Normal [1]

Executable region for data. You can

also put code here.
This region includes bit band and bit
band alias areas, see Table 776.

0x40000000 0x5FFFFFFF

Peripheral

Device [1]

XN[1]

This region includes bit band and bit

band alias areas, see Table 777.

0x60000000 0x9FFFFFFF

External
RAM

Normal[1]

Executable region for data.

0xA0000000 0xDFFFFFFF

External
device

Device [1]

XN [1]

External Device memory

0xE0000000 0xE00FFFFF

Private Peripheral
Bus

Stronglyordered[1]

XN [1]

This region includes the NVIC, System

timer, and system control block.

0xE0100000 0xFFFFFFFF

Vendorspecific device

Device [1]

XN [1]

Not used for NXP devices.

[1]

See Section 39.3.2.1 for more information.

The Code, SRAM, and external RAM regions can hold programs. However, the most
efficient access to programs is from the Code region. This is because the processor has
separate buses that enable instruction fetches and data accesses to occur
simultaneously.
The MPU can override the default memory access behavior described in this section. For
more information, see Section 39.4.5 Memory protection unit.

39.3.2.4 Software ordering of memory accesses

The order of instructions in the program flow does not always guarantee the order of the
corresponding memory transactions. This is because:

the processor can reorder some memory accesses to improve efficiency, providing
this does not affect the behavior of the instruction sequence.

the processor has multiple bus interfaces

memory or devices in the memory map have different wait states
some memory accesses are buffered or speculative.
Section 39.3.2.2 describes the cases where the memory system guarantees the order of
memory accesses. Otherwise, if the order of memory accesses is critical, software must
include memory barrier instructions to force that ordering. The processor provides the
following memory barrier instructions:
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DMB
The Data Memory Barrier (DMB) instruction ensures that outstanding memory
transactions complete before subsequent memory transactions. See
Section 39.2.10.3 DMB.

DSB
The Data Synchronization Barrier (DSB) instruction ensures that outstanding
memory transactions complete before subsequent instructions execute. See
Section 39.2.10.4 DSB.

ISB
The Instruction Synchronization Barrier (ISB) ensures that the effect of all
completed memory transactions is recognizable by subsequent instructions. See
Section 39.2.10.5 ISB.
Use memory barrier instructions in, for example:
Memory accesses to Strongly-ordered memory, such as the system control block, do not
require the use of DMB instructions.

MPU programming:
Use a DSB instruction to ensure the effect of the MPU takes place immediately at
the end of context switching.
Use an ISB instruction to ensure the new MPU setting takes effect immediately
after programming the MPU region or regions, if the MPU configuration code was
accessed using a branch or call. If the MPU configuration code is entered using
exception mechanisms, then an ISB instruction is not required.

Vector table. If the program changes an entry in the vector table, and then enables the
corresponding exception, use a DMB instruction between the operations. This ensures
that if the exception is taken immediately after being enabled the processor uses the
new exception vector.

Self-modifying code. If a program contains self-modifying code, use an ISB instruction

immediately after the code modification in the program. This ensures subsequent
instruction execution uses the updated program.

Memory map switching. If the system contains a memory map switching mechanism,
use a DSB instruction after switching the memory map in the program. This ensures
subsequent instruction execution uses the updated memory map.

Dynamic exception priority change. When an exception priority has to change when
the exception is pending or active, use DSB instructions after the change. This ensures
the change takes effect on completion of the DSB instruction.

Using a semaphore in multi-master system. If the system contains more than one bus
master, for example, if another processor is present in the system, each processor
must use a DMB instruction after any semaphore instructions, to ensure other bus
masters see the memory transactions in the order in which they were executed.

39.3.2.5 Bit-banding
A bit-band region maps each word in a bit-band alias region to a single bit in the
bit-band region. The bit-band regions occupy the lowest 1MB of the SRAM and
peripheral memory regions.

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The memory map has two 32MB alias regions that map to two 1MB bit-band regions:

accesses to the 32MB SRAM alias region map to the 1MB SRAM bit-band region, as
shown in Table 776

accesses to the 32MB peripheral alias region map to the 1MB peripheral bit-band
region, as shown in Table 777.
Table 776. SRAM memory bit-banding regions
Address
range

Memory
region

Instruction and data accesses

0x20000000 0x200FFFFF

SRAM bit-band
region

Direct accesses to this memory range behave as SRAM

memory accesses, but this region is also bit addressable
through bit-band alias.

0x22000000 0x23FFFFFF0

SRAM bit-band
alias

Data accesses to this region are remapped to bit band

region. A write operation is performed as
read-modify-write. Instruction accesses are not
remapped.

Table 777. Peripheral memory bit-banding regions

Address
range

Memory
region

Instruction and data accesses

0x40000000 0x400FFFFF

Peripheral
bit-band alias

Direct accesses to this memory range behave as

peripheral memory accesses, but this region is also bit
addressable through bit-band alias.

0x42000000 0x44FFFFFF

Peripheral
bit-band region

Data accesses to this region are remapped to bit band

region. A write operation is performed as
read-modify-write. Instruction accesses are not permitted.

Remark: A word access to the SRAM or peripheral bit-band alias regions map to a single
bit in the SRAM or peripheral bit-band region.

The following formula shows how the alias region maps onto the bit-band region:
bit_word_offset = (byte_offset x 32) + (bit_number x 4)
bit_word_addr = bit_band_base + bit_word_offset

where:

Bit_word_offset is the position of the target bit in the bit-band memory region.
Bit_word_addr is the address of the word in the alias memory region that maps to the
targeted bit.

Bit_band_base is the starting address of the alias region.

Byte_offset is the number of the byte in the bit-band region that contains the targeted
bit.

Bit_number is the bit position, 0-7, of the targeted bit.

Figure 181 shows examples of bit-band mapping between the SRAM bit-band alias region
and the SRAM bit-band region:

The alias word at 0x23FFFFE0 maps to bit[0] of the bit-band byte at 0x200FFFFF :
0x23FFFFE0 = 0x22000000 + (0xFFFFF *32) + (0*4).
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The alias word at 0x23FFFFFC maps to bit[7] of the bit-band byte at 0x200FFFFF :
0x23FFFFFC = 0x22000000 + (0xFFFFF *32) + (7*4).

The alias word at 0x22000000 maps to bit[0] of the bit-band byte at 0x20000000 :
0x22000000 = 0x22000000 + (0*32) + (0 *4).

The alias word at 0x2200001C maps to bit[7] of the bit-band byte at 0x20000000 :
0x2200001C = 0x22000000 + (0*32) + (7*4).

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Fig 181. Bit-band mapping

39.3.2.5.1

Directly accessing an alias region

Writing to a word in the alias region updates a single bit in the bit-band region.
Bit[0] of the value written to a word in the alias region determines the value written to the
targeted bit in the bit-band region. Writing a value with bit[0] set to 1 writes a 1 to the
bit-band bit, and writing a value with bit[0] set to 0 writes a 0 to the bit-band bit.
Bits[31:1] of the alias word have no effect on the bit-band bit. Writing 0x01 has the same
effect as writing 0xFF . Writing 0x00 has the same effect as writing 0x0E .
Reading a word in the alias region:

0x00000000 indicates that the targeted bit in the bit-band region is set to zero
0x00000001 indicates that the targeted bit in the bit-band region is set to 1
39.3.2.5.2

Directly accessing a bit-band region

Section 39.3.2.3 describes the behavior of direct byte, halfword, or word accesses to the
bit-band regions.

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39.3.2.6 Memory endianness

The processor views memory as a linear collection of bytes numbered in ascending order
from zero. For example, bytes 0-3 hold the first stored word, and bytes 4-7 hold the
second stored word. Section 39.3.2.6.1 describes how words of data are stored in
memory.
39.3.2.6.1

Little-endian format

In little-endian format, the processor stores the least significant byte of a word at the
lowest-numbered byte, and the most significant byte at the highest-numbered byte. For
example:
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39.3.2.7 Synchronization primitives

The Cortex-M3 instruction set includes pairs of synchronization primitives. These
provide a non-blocking mechanism that a thread or process can use to obtain exclusive
access to a memory location. Software can use them to perform a guaranteed
read-modify-write memory update sequence, or for a semaphore mechanism.
A pair of synchronization primitives comprises:

A Load-Exclusive instruction
Used to read the value of a memory location, requesting exclusive access to that
location.

A Store-Exclusive instruction
Used to attempt to write to the same memory location, returning a status bit to a
register. If this bit is:
0: it indicates that the thread or process gained exclusive access to the memory,
and the write succeeds,
1: it indicates that the thread or process did not gain exclusive access to the
memory, and no write is performed,

The pairs of Load-Exclusive and Store-Exclusive instructions are:

the word instructions LDREX and STREX

the halfword instructions LDREXH and STREXH
the byte instructions LDREXB and STREXB .
Software must use a Load-Exclusive instruction with the corresponding Store-Exclusive
instruction.
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To perform a guaranteed read-modify-write of a memory location, software must:

1. Use a Load-Exclusive instruction to read the value of the location.
2. Update the value, as required.
3. Use a Store-Exclusive instruction to attempt to write the new value back to the
memory location, and tests the returned status bit. If this bit is:
0: The read-modify-write completed successfully,
1: No write was performed. This indicates that the value returned at step 1 might
be out of date. The software must retry the read-modify-write sequence,

Software can use the synchronization primitives to implement a semaphores as follows:

1. Use a Load-Exclusive instruction to read from the semaphore address to check
whether the semaphore is free.
2. If the semaphore is free, use a Store-Exclusive to write the claim value to the
semaphore address.
3. If the returned status bit from step 2 indicates that the Store-Exclusive succeeded
then the software has claimed the semaphore. However, if the Store-Exclusive failed,
another process might have claimed the semaphore after the software performed
step 1.
The Cortex-M3 includes an exclusive access monitor, that tags the fact that the processor
has executed a Load-Exclusive instruction.
The processor removes its exclusive access tag if:

It executes a CLREX instruction

It executes a Store-Exclusive instruction, regardless of whether the write succeeds.
An exception occurs. This means the processor can resolve semaphore conflicts
between different threads.
For more information about the synchronization primitive instructions, see
Section 39.2.4.8 LDREX and STREX and Section 39.2.4.9.

39.3.2.8 Programming hints for the synchronization primitives

ANSI C cannot directly generate the exclusive access instructions. Some C compilers
provide intrinsic functions for generation of these instructions:
Table 778. C compiler intrinsic functions for exclusive access instructions
Instruction

Intrinsic function

LDREX , LDREXH , or LDREXB

unsigned int __ldrex(volatile void *ptr)

STREX , STREXH , or STREXB

int __strex(unsigned int val, volatile void *ptr)

CLREX

void __clrex(void)

The actual exclusive access instruction generated depends on the data type of the pointer
passed to the intrinsic function. For example, the following C code generates the require
LDREXB operation:
__ldrex((volatile char *) 0xFF);

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39.3.3 Exception model

This section describes the exception model.

39.3.3.1 Exception states

Each exception is in one of the following states:

Inactive
The exception is not active and not pending.

Pending
The exception is waiting to be serviced by the processor.
An interrupt request from a peripheral or from software can change the state of the
corresponding interrupt to pending.

Active
An exception that is being serviced by the processor but has not completed.
Remark: An exception handler can interrupt the execution of another exception
handler. In this case both exceptions are in the active state.

Active and pending

The exception is being serviced by the processor and there is a pending exception
from the same source.

39.3.3.2 Exception types

The exception types are:

Reset
Reset is invoked on power up or a warm reset. The exception model treats reset as a
special form of exception. When reset is asserted, the operation of the processor
stops, potentially at any point in an instruction. When reset is deasserted, execution
restarts from the address provided by the reset entry in the vector table. Execution
restarts as privileged execution in Thread mode.

NMI
A NonMaskable Interrupt (NMI) can be signalled by a peripheral or triggered by
software. This is the highest priority exception other than reset. It is permanently
enabled and has a fixed priority of -2. NMIs cannot be:
masked or prevented from activation by any other exception
preempted by any exception other than Reset.

Hard fault
A hard fault is an exception that occurs because of an error during exception
processing, or because an exception cannot be managed by any other exception
mechanism. Hard faults have a fixed priority of -1, meaning they have higher priority
than any exception with configurable priority.

Memory management fault

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A memory management fault is an exception that occurs because of a memory

protection related fault. The MPU or the fixed memory protection constraints
determines this fault, for both instruction and data memory transactions. This fault is
used to abort instruction accesses to Execute Never (XN) memory regions, even if
the MPU is disabled.

Bus fault
A bus fault is an exception that occurs because of a memory related fault for an
instruction or data memory transaction. This might be from an error detected on a bus
in the memory system.

Usage fault
A usage fault is an exception that occurs because of a fault related to instruction
execution. This includes:
an undefined instruction
an illegal unaligned access
invalid state on instruction execution
an error on exception return.

The following can cause a usage fault when the core is configured to report them:
an unaligned address on word and halfword memory access
division by zero.

SVCall
A supervisor call (SVC) is an exception that is triggered by the SVC instruction. In an
OS environment, applications can use SVC instructions to access OS kernel functions
and device drivers.

PendSV
PendSV is an interrupt-driven request for system-level service. In an OS environment,
use PendSV for context switching when no other exception is active.

SysTick
A SysTick exception is an exception the system timer generates when it reaches zero.
Software can also generate a SysTick exception. In an OS environment, the
processor can use this exception as system tick.

Interrupt (IRQ)
A interrupt, or IRQ, is an exception signalled by a peripheral, or generated by a
software request. All interrupts are asynchronous to instruction execution. In the
system, peripherals use interrupts to communicate with the processor.
Table 779. Properties of the different exception types
Exception
number [1]

IRQ
number [1]

Exception
type

Priority

Vector address
or offset [2]

Activation

Reset

-3, the highest

0x00000004

Asynchronous

-14

NMI

-2

0x00000008

Asynchronous

-13

Hard fault

-1

0x0000000C

Memory
management fault

Configurable [3]

0x00000010

Synchronous

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Table 779. Properties of the different exception types

Exception
number [1]

IRQ
number [1]

Exception
type

Priority

Vector address
or offset [2]

Activation

-11

Bus fault

Configurable [3]

0x00000014

Synchronous when
precise, asynchronous
when imprecise

-10

Usage fault

Configurable[3]

0x00000018

Synchronous

7-10

Reserved

11

-5

SVCall

Configurable [3]

0x0000002C

Synchronous

12-13

Reserved

14

-2

PendSV

Configurable[3]

0x00000038

Asynchronous

SysTick

Configurable[3]

0x0000003C

Interrupt (IRQ)

Configurable [4]

15

-1

16 and above

0 and above

0x00000040 and

Asynchronous
above [5]

Asynchronous

[1]

To simplify the software layer, the CMSIS only uses IRQ numbers and therefore uses negative values for exceptions other than
interrupts. The IPSR returns the Exception number, see Table 769.

[2]

See Section 39.3.3.4 for more information.

[3]

See Section 39.4.3.9 System Handler Priority Registers.

[4]

See Section 39.4.2.7 Interrupt Priority Registers.

[5]

Increasing in steps of 4.

For an asynchronous exception, other than reset, the processor can execute another
instruction between when the exception is triggered and when the processor enters the
exception handler.
Privileged software can disable the exceptions that Table 779 shows as having
configurable priority, see:

Section 39.4.3.10 System Handler Control and State Register

Section 39.4.2.3 Interrupt Clear-enable Registers.
For more information about hard faults, memory management faults, bus faults, and
usage faults, see Section 39.3.4.

39.3.3.3 Exception handlers

The processor handles exceptions using:

Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs)

Interrupts IRQ0 and up are the exceptions handled by ISRs.

Fault handlers
Hard fault, memory management fault, usage fault, bus fault are fault exceptions
handled by the fault handlers.

System handlers
NMI, PendSV, SVCall SysTick, and the fault exceptions are all system exceptions that
are handled by system handlers.

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39.3.3.4 Vector table

The vector table contains the reset value of the stack pointer, and the start addresses,
also called exception vectors, for all exception handlers. Figure 182 shows the order of
the exception vectors in the vector table. The least-significant bit of each vector must be 1,
indicating that the exception handler is Thumb code. Note that the upper limit of the IRQ
number is device dependent.

Exception
number

IRQ
number

127
.
.
.
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8

111

Offset

Vector

2
1
0
-1
-2

0x1FC
.
.
.
0x004C
0x0048
0x0044
0x0040
0x003C
0x0038

IRQ111
.
.
.
IRQ2
IRQ1
IRQ0
Systick
PendSV
Reserved
Reserved for debug
SVCall

-5

0x002C
Reserved

7
6
5

-10
-11

0x0018
0x0014

4
3
2

-12
-13
-14

0x0010 Memory management fault

0x000C
Hard fault
0x0008
NMI

0x0004
0x0000

Usage fault
Bus fault

Reset
Initial SP value.

Fig 182. Vector table

On system reset, the vector table is fixed at address 0x00000000 . Privileged software can
write to the VTOR to relocate the vector table start address to a different memory location,
in the range 0x00000080 to 0x3FFFFF80 , see Section 39.4.3.5 Vector Table Offset Register.

39.3.3.5 Exception priorities

As Table 779 shows, all exceptions have an associated priority, with:

a lower priority value indicating a higher priority

configurable priorities for all exceptions except Reset, Hard fault, and NMI.
If software does not configure any priorities, then all exceptions with a configurable priority
have a priority of 0. For information about configuring exception priorities see:

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Section 39.4.3.9 System Handler Priority Registers

Section 39.4.2.7 Interrupt Priority Registers.
Remark: Configurable priority values are in the range 0 to 31. This means that the Reset,
Hard fault, and NMI exceptions, with fixed negative priority values, always have higher
priority than any other exception.

For example, assigning a higher priority value to IRQ[0] and a lower priority value to
IRQ[1] means that IRQ[1] has higher priority than IRQ[0]. If both IRQ[1] and IRQ[0] are
asserted, IRQ[1] is processed before IRQ[0].
If multiple pending exceptions have the same priority, the pending exception with the
lowest exception number takes precedence. For example, if both IRQ[0] and IRQ[1] are
pending and have the same priority, then IRQ[0] is processed before IRQ[1].
When the processor is executing an exception handler, the exception handler is
preempted if a higher priority exception occurs. If an exception occurs with the same
priority as the exception being handled, the handler is not preempted, irrespective of the
exception number. However, the status of the new interrupt changes to pending.

39.3.3.6 Interrupt priority grouping

To increase priority control in systems with interrupts, the NVIC supports priority grouping.
This divides each interrupt priority register entry into two fields:
Only the group priority determines preemption of interrupt exceptions. When the
processor is executing an interrupt exception handler, another interrupt with the same
group priority as the interrupt being handled does not preempt the handler,

an upper field that defines the group priority

a lower field that defines a subpriority within the group.
If multiple pending interrupts have the same group priority, the subpriority field determines
the order in which they are processed. If multiple pending interrupts have the same group
priority and subpriority, the interrupt with the lowest IRQ number is processed first.
For information about splitting the interrupt priority fields into group priority and subpriority,
see Section 39.4.3.6 Application Interrupt and Reset Control Register.

39.3.3.7 Exception entry and return

Descriptions of exception handling use the following terms:

Preemption
When the processor is executing an exception handler, an exception can preempt the
exception handler if its priority is higher than the priority of the exception being
handled. See Section 39.3.3.6 for more information about preemption by an interrupt.
When one exception preempts another, the exceptions are called nested exceptions.
See Section 39.3.3.7.1 more information.

Return
This occurs when the exception handler is completed, and:
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there is no pending exception with sufficient priority to be serviced

the completed exception handler was not handling a late-arriving exception.

The processor pops the stack and restores the processor state to the state it had
before the interrupt occurred. See Section 39.3.3.7.2 for more information.

Tail-chaining
This mechanism speeds up exception servicing. On completion of an exception
handler, if there is a pending exception that meets the requirements for exception
entry, the stack pop is skipped and control transfers to the new exception handler.

Late-arriving
This mechanism speeds up preemption. If a higher priority exception occurs during
state saving for a previous exception, the processor switches to handle the higher
priority exception and initiates the vector fetch for that exception. State saving is not
affected by late arrival because the state saved is the same for both exceptions.
Therefore the state saving continues uninterrupted. The processor can accept a late
arriving exception until the first instruction of the exception handler of the original
exception enters the execute stage of the processor. On return from the exception
handler of the late-arriving exception, the normal tail-chaining rules apply.
39.3.3.7.1

Exception entry

Exception entry occurs when there is a pending exception with sufficient priority and
either:

the processor is in Thread mode

the new exception is of higher priority than the exception being handled, in which case
the new exception preempts the original exception.
When one exception preempts another, the exceptions are nested.
Sufficient priority means the exception has more priority than any limits set by the mask
registers, see Section 39.3.1.3.6. An exception with less priority than this is pending but is
not handled by the processor.
When the processor takes an exception, unless the exception is a tail-chained or a
late-arriving exception, the processor pushes information onto the current stack. This
operation is referred as stacking and the structure of eight data words is referred as
stack frame. The stack frame contains the following information:

R0-R3, R12
Return address
PSR
LR.

Immediately after stacking, the stack pointer indicates the lowest address in the stack
frame. Unless stack alignment is disabled, the stack frame is aligned to a double-word
address. If the STKALIGN bit of the Configuration Control Register (CCR) is set to 1,
stack align adjustment is performed during stacking.

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The stack frame includes the return address. This is the address of the next instruction in
the interrupted program. This value is restored to the PC at exception return so that the
interrupted program resumes.
In parallel to the stacking operation, the processor performs a vector fetch that reads the
exception handler start address from the vector table. When stacking is complete, the
processor starts executing the exception handler. At the same time, the processor writes
an EXC_RETURN value to the LR. This indicates which stack pointer corresponds to the
stack frame and what operation mode the was processor was in before the entry
occurred.
If no higher priority exception occurs during exception entry, the processor starts
executing the exception handler and automatically changes the status of the
corresponding pending interrupt to active.
If another higher priority exception occurs during exception entry, the processor starts
executing the exception handler for this exception and does not change the pending
status of the earlier exception. This is the late arrival case.
39.3.3.7.2

Exception return

Exception return occurs when the processor is in Handler mode and executes one of the
following instructions to load the EXC_RETURN value into the PC:

a POP instruction that includes the PC

a BX instruction with any register.
an LDR or LDM instruction with the PC as the destination.
EXC_RETURN is the value loaded into the LR on exception entry. The exception
mechanism relies on this value to detect when the processor has completed an exception
handler. The lowest four bits of this value provide information on the return stack and
processor mode. Table 780 shows the EXC_RETURN[3:0] values with a description of the
exception return behavior.
The processor sets EXC_RETURN bits[31:4] to 0xFFFFFFF . When this value is loaded into
the PC it indicates to the processor that the exception is complete, and the processor
initiates the exception return sequence.
Table 780. Exception return behavior
EXC_RETURN[3:0]

Description

bXXX0

Reserved.

b0001

Return to Handler mode.

Exception return gets state from MSP.
Execution uses MSP after return.

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Reserved.

b01X1

Reserved.

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Table 780. Exception return behavior

EXC_RETURN[3:0]

Description

b1001

Return to Thread mode.

Exception return gets state from MSP.
Execution uses MSP after return.

b1101

Return to Thread mode.

Exception return gets state from PSP.
Execution uses PSP after return.

b1X11

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39.3.4 Fault handling

Faults are a subset of the exceptions, see Section 39.3.3. The following generate a fault:

a bus error on:

an instruction fetch or vector table load
a data access

an internally-detected error such as an undefined instruction or an attempt to change

state with a BX instruction

attempting to execute an instruction from a memory region marked as

Non-Executable (XN)

an MPU fault because of a privilege violation or an attempt to access an unmanaged

region

39.3.4.1 Fault types

Table 781 shows the types of fault, the handler used for the fault, the corresponding fault
status register, and the register bit that indicates that the fault has occurred. See
Section 39.4.3.11 Configurable Fault Status Register for more information about the fault
status registers.
Table 781. Faults
Fault

Handler

Bit name

Fault status register

Bus error on a vector read

Hard fault

VECTTBL
FORCED

Section 39.4.3.12 Hard Fault

Status Register

IACCVIOL[1]

Section 39.4.3.13 Memory

Management Fault Address
Register

Fault escalated to a hard fault

MPU mismatch:

Memory
management
fault

on instruction access
on data access

DACCVIOL

during exception stacking

MSTKERR

during exception unstacking

MUNSKERR

Bus error:

during exception stacking

Bus fault

STKERR

during exception unstacking

UNSTKERR

Section 39.4.3.14 Bus Fault

Address Register

during instruction prefetch

IBUSERR

Precise data bus error

PRECISERR

Imprecise data bus error

IMPRECISERR

Attempt to access a coprocessor

Usage fault

Undefined instruction
Attempt to enter an invalid instruction set

NOCP
UNDEFINSTR

state [2]

INVSTATE

Invalid EXC_RETURN value

INVPC

Illegal unaligned load or store

UNALIGNED

Divide By 0

DIVBYZERO

[1]

Occurs on an access to an XN region even if the MPU is disabled.

[2]

Attempting to use an instruction set other than the Thumb instruction set.

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39.3.4.2 Fault escalation and hard faults

All faults exceptions except for hard fault have configurable exception priority, see
Section 39.4.3.9 System Handler Priority Registers. Software can disable execution of
the handlers for these faults, see Section 39.4.3.10 System Handler Control and State
Register.
Usually, the exception priority, together with the values of the exception mask registers,
determines whether the processor enters the fault handler, and whether a fault handler
can preempt another fault handler. as described in Section 39.3.3.
In some situations, a fault with configurable priority is treated as a hard fault. This is called
priority escalation, and the fault is described as escalated to hard fault. Escalation to
hard fault occurs when:

A fault handler causes the same kind of fault as the one it is servicing. This escalation
to hard fault occurs because a fault handler cannot preempt itself because it must
have the same priority as the current priority level.

A fault handler causes a fault with the same or lower priority as the fault it is servicing.
This is because the handler for the new fault cannot preempt the currently executing
fault handler.

An exception handler causes a fault for which the priority is the same as or lower than
the currently executing exception.

A fault occurs and the handler for that fault is not enabled.
If a bus fault occurs during a stack push when entering a bus fault handler, the bus fault
does not escalate to a hard fault. This means that if a corrupted stack causes a fault, the
fault handler executes even though the stack push for the handler failed. The fault handler
operates but the stack contents are corrupted.
Remark: Only Reset and NMI can preempt the fixed priority hard fault. A hard fault can
preempt any exception other than Reset, NMI, or another hard fault.

39.3.4.3 Fault status registers and fault address registers

The fault status registers indicate the cause of a fault. For bus faults and memory
management faults, the fault address register indicates the address accessed by the
operation that caused the fault, as shown in Table 782.
Table 782. Fault status and fault address registers
Handler

Status register
name

Address register Register description

name

Hard fault

HFSR

Section 39.4.3.12 Hard Fault Status Register

Memory
management
fault

MMFSR

MMFAR

Section 39.4.3.13 Memory Management Fault Address Register

Bus fault

BFSR

Section 39.4.3.11.1 Memory Management Fault Status Register

BFAR

Section 39.4.3.11.2 Bus Fault Status Register

Section 39.4.3.14 Bus Fault Address Register

Usage fault

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Section 39.4.3.11.3 Usage Fault Status Register

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39.3.4.4 Lockup
The processor enters a lockup state if a hard fault occurs when executing the NMI or hard
fault handlers. When the processor is in lockup state it does not execute any instructions.
The processor remains in lockup state until either:

it is reset
an NMI occurs.
Remark: If lockup state occurs from the NMI handler a subsequent NMI does not cause
the processor to leave lockup state.

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.3.5 Power management

Note: NXP devices based on the Cortex-M3 processor, including the LPC178x/177x,
support additional reduced power modes. See Section 4.7 Power control for
information on all available reduced power modes.

The Cortex-M3 processor sleep modes reduce power consumption:

Sleep mode stops the processor clock

Deep sleep mode stops the system clock and switches off the PLL and flash memory.
The SLEEPDEEP bit of the SCR selects which sleep mode is used, see Section 39.4.3.7
System Control Register. For more information about the behavior of the sleep modes
see Section 4.7 Power control.
This section describes the mechanisms for entering sleep mode, and the conditions for
waking up from sleep mode.

39.3.5.1 Entering sleep mode

This section describes the mechanisms software can use to put the processor into sleep
mode.
The system can generate spurious wakeup events, for example a debug operation wakes
up the processor. Therefore software must be able to put the processor back into sleep
mode after such an event. A program might have an idle loop to put the processor back to
sleep mode.
39.3.5.1.1

Wait for interrupt

The wait for interrupt instruction, WFI , causes immediate entry to sleep mode. When the
processor executes a WFI instruction it stops executing instructions and enters sleep
mode. See Section 39.2.10.12 WFI for more information.
39.3.5.1.2

Wait for event

Note: LPC178x/177x devices based on the Cortex-M3 processor do not implement
external events.

The wait for event instruction, WFE , causes entry to sleep mode conditional on the value of
an one-bit event register. When the processor executes a WFE instruction, it checks this
register:

if the register is 0 the processor stops executing instructions and enters sleep mode
if the register is 1 the processor clears the register to 0 and continues executing
instructions without entering sleep mode.
See Section 39.2.10.11 WFE for more information.
If the event register is 1, this indicate that the processor must not enter sleep mode on
execution of a WFE instruction. Typically, this is because an external event signal is
asserted, or a processor in the system has executed an SEV instruction, see
Section 39.2.10.9 SEV. Software cannot access this register directly.

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39.3.5.1.3

Sleep-on-exit

If the SLEEPONEXIT bit of the SCR is set to 1, when the processor completes the
execution of an exception handler it returns to Thread mode and immediately enters sleep
mode. Use this mechanism in applications that only require the processor to run when an
exception occurs.

39.3.5.2 Wakeup from sleep mode

The conditions for the processor to wakeup depend on the mechanism that cause it to
enter sleep mode.
39.3.5.2.1

Wakeup from WFI or sleep-on-exit

Normally, the processor wakes up only when it detects an exception with sufficient priority
to cause exception entry.
Some embedded systems might have to execute system restore tasks after the processor
wakes up, and before it executes an interrupt handler. To achieve this set the PRIMASK
bit to 1 and the FAULTMASK bit to 0. If an interrupt arrives that is enabled and has a
higher priority than current exception priority, the processor wakes up but does not
execute the interrupt handler until the processor sets PRIMASK to zero. For more
information about PRIMASK and FAULTMASK see Section 39.3.1.3.6.
39.3.5.2.2

Wakeup from WFE

The processor wakes up if:

it detects an exception with sufficient priority to cause exception entry

In addition, if the SEVONPEND bit in the SCR is set to 1, any new pending interrupt
triggers an event and wakes up the processor, even if the interrupt is disabled or has
insufficient priority to cause exception entry. For more information about the SCR see
Section 39.4.3.7 System Control Register.

39.3.5.3 The Wakeup Interrupt Controller

The Wakeup Interrupt Controller (WIC) is a peripheral that can detect an interrupt and
wake the processor from deep sleep mode, Power-down, or Deep Power-down modes.
The WIC is enabled only when the DEEPSLEEP bit in the SCR is set to 1, see
Section 39.4.3.7 System Control Register.
Remark: NXP microcontrollers extend the number of reduced power modes beyond what
is directly supported by the Cortex-M3. Details all available reduced power modes and
wakeup possibilities on the LPC178x/177x can be found in Section 4.7 Power control.

The WIC is not programmable, and does not have any registers or user interface. It
operates entirely from hardware signals.
When the WIC is enabled and the processor enters deep sleep mode or Power-down
mode, the power management unit in the system can power down most of the Cortex-M3
processor. This has the side effect of stopping the SysTick timer. When the WIC receives
an interrupt, it takes a number of clock cycles to wakeup the processor and restore its
state, before it can process the interrupt. This means interrupt latency is increased in deep
sleep mode. Wakeup from Power-down mode requires startup of many other portions of
the device, and takes longer. Wakeup from Deep Power-down mode adds time to
re-establish the on-chip regulator voltage as well.
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Remark: If the processor detects a connection to a debugger it disables the WIC.

39.3.5.4 Power management programming hints

ANSI C cannot directly generate the WFI and WFE instructions. The CMSIS provides the
following intrinsic functions for these instructions:
void __WFE(void) // Wait for Event
void __WFE(void) // Wait for Interrupt

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39.4 ARM Cortex-M3 User Guide: Peripherals

39.4.1 About the Cortex-M3 peripherals
The address map of the Private peripheral bus (PPB) is:
Table 783. Core peripheral register regions
Address

Core peripheral

Description

0xE000E008 - 0xE000E00F

System control block

Table 794 Summary of the

system control block registers

0xE000E010 - 0xE000E01F

System timer

Table 814 System timer registers

summary

0xE000E100 - 0xE000E4EF

Nested Vectored Interrupt

Controller

Table 784 NVIC register

summary

0xE000ED00 - 0xE000ED3F

System control block

Table 794 Summary of the

system control block registers

0xE000ED90 - 0xE000EDB8

Memory Protection Unit

Table 820 MPU registers

summary

0xE000EF00 - 0xE000EF03

Nested Vectored Interrupt

Controller

Table 784 NVIC register

summary

In register descriptions:

the register type is described as follows:

RW: Read and write.
RO: Read-only.
WO: Write-only.

the required privilege gives the privilege level required to access the register, as
follows:
Privileged: Only privileged software can access the register
Unprivileged: Both unprivileged and privileged software can access the register.

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39.4.2 Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller

This section describes the Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) and the registers it
uses. The NVIC supports:

Up to 112 interrupts. The number of interrupts implemented is device dependent.

A programmable priority level of 0 to 31 for each interrupt. A higher level corresponds
to a lower priority, so level 0 is the highest interrupt priority.

Level and pulse detection of interrupt signals.

Dynamic reprioritization of interrupts.
Grouping of priority values into group priority and subpriority fields.
Interrupt tail-chaining.
An external Non-maskable interrupt (NMI).

The processor automatically stacks its state on exception entry and unstacks this state on
exception exit, with no instruction overhead. This provides low latency exception handling.
The hardware implementation of the NVIC registers is:
Table 784. NVIC register summary
Address

Name

Type

Required
privilege

Reset
value

Description

0xE000E100 - 0xE000E10C

ISER0 - ISER3

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 786

0XE000E180 - 0xE000E18C

ICER0 - ICER3

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 787

0XE000E200 - 0xE000E20C

ISPR0 - ISPR3

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 788

0XE000E280 - 0xE000E28C

ICPR0 - ICPR3

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 789

0xE000E300 - 0xE000E30C

IABR0 - IABR3

RO

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 790

0xE000E400 - 0xE000E46C

IPR0 - IPR27

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 791

WO

Configurable[1]

0x00000000

Table 792

0xE000EF00
[1]

STIR

Each array element corresponds to a single NVIC register, for example the element ICER[1] corresponds to the ICER1 register.

39.4.2.1 The CMSIS mapping of the Cortex-M3 NVIC registers

To improve software efficiency, the CMSIS simplifies the NVIC register presentation. In the
CMSIS:

the Set-enable, Clear-enable, Set-pending, Clear-pending and Active Bit registers

map to arrays of 32-bit integers, so that:
the array ISER[0] to ISER[3] corresponds to the registers ISER0 - ISER3
the array ICER[0] to ICER[3] corresponds to the registers ICER0 - ICER3
the array ISPR[0] to ISPR[3] corresponds to the registers ISPR0 - ISPR3
the array ICPR[0] to ICPR[3] corresponds to the registers ICPR0 - ICPR3
the array IABR[0] to IABR[3] corresponds to the registers IABR0 - IABR3.

the 8-bit fields of the Interrupt Priority Registers map to an array of 8-bit integers, so
that the array IP[0] to IP[112] corresponds to the registers IPR0 - IPR59, and the
array entry IP[n] holds the interrupt priority for interrupt n.

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The CMSIS provides thread-safe code that gives atomic access to the Interrupt Priority
Registers. For more information see the description of the NVIC_SetPriority function in
Section 39.4.2.10.1 NVIC programming hints. Table 785 shows how the interrupts, or
IRQ numbers, map onto the interrupt registers and corresponding CMSIS variables that
have one bit per interrupt.
Table 785. Mapping of interrupts to the interrupt variables
Interrupts

[1]

CMSIS array elements [1]

Set-enable

Clear-enable

Set-pending

Clear-pending

Active Bit

0-31

ISER[0]

ICER[0]

ISPR[0]

ICPR[0]

IABR[0]

32-63

ISER[1]

ICER[1]

ISPR[1]

ICPR[1]

IABR[1]

64-95

ISER[2]

ICER[2]

ISPR[2]

ICPR[2]

IABR[2]

96-127

ISER[3]

ICER[3]

ISPR[3]

ICPR[3]

IABR[3]

Each array element corresponds to a single NVIC register, for example the element ICER[1] corresponds to the ICER1 register.

39.4.2.2 Interrupt Set-enable Registers

The ISER0-ISER3 registers enable interrupts, and show which interrupts are enabled.
See:

the register summary in Table 784 for the register attributes

Table 785 for which interrupts are controlled by each register.
The bit assignments are shown in Table 786.
Table 786. ISER bit assignments
Bits

Name

[31:0]

SETENA

Function

Interrupt set-enable bits.

Write:
0 = no effect
1 = enable interrupt.
Read:
0 = interrupt disabled
1 = interrupt enabled.

If a pending interrupt is enabled, the NVIC activates the interrupt based on its priority. If an
interrupt is not enabled, asserting its interrupt signal changes the interrupt state to
pending, but the NVIC never activates the interrupt, regardless of its priority.

39.4.2.3 Interrupt Clear-enable Registers

The ICER0-ICER3 registers disable interrupts, and show which interrupts are enabled.
See:

the register summary in Table 784 for the register attributes

Table 785 for which interrupts are controlled by each register.
The bit assignments are shown in Table 787.

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Table 787. ICER bit assignments

Bits

Name

[31:0]

CLRENA

Function

Interrupt clear-enable bits.

Write:
0 = no effect
1 = disable interrupt.
Read:
0 = interrupt disabled
1 = interrupt enabled.

39.4.2.4 Interrupt Set-pending Registers

The ISPR0-ISPR3 registers force interrupts into the pending state, and show which
interrupts are pending. See:

the register summary in Table 784 for the register attributes

Table 785 for which interrupts are controlled by each register.
The bit assignments are shown in Table 788.
Table 788. ISPR bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:0]

SETPEND

Interrupt set-pending bits.

Write:
0 = no effect
1 = changes interrupt state to pending.
Read:
0 = interrupt is not pending
1 = interrupt is pending.

Remark: Writing 1 to the ISPR bit corresponding to:

an interrupt that is pending has no effect

a disabled interrupt sets the state of that interrupt to pending.
39.4.2.5 Interrupt Clear-pending Registers
The ICPR0-ICPR3 registers remove the pending state from interrupts, and show which
interrupts are pending. See:

the register summary in Table 784 for the register attributes

Table 785 for which interrupts are controlled by each register.
The bit assignments are shown in Table 789.

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Table 789. ICPR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[31:0]

CLRPEND

Interrupt clear-pending bits.

Write:
0 = no effect
1 = removes pending state an interrupt.
Read:
0 = interrupt is not pending
1 = interrupt is pending.

Remark: Writing 1 to an ICPR bit does not affect the active state of the corresponding
interrupt.

39.4.2.6 Interrupt Active Bit Registers

The IABR0-IABR3 registers indicate which interrupts are active. See:

the register summary in Table 784 for the register attributes

Table 785 for which interrupts are controlled by each register.
The bit assignments are shown in Table 790.
Table 790. IABR bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:0]

ACTIVE

Interrupt active flags:

0 = interrupt not active
1 = interrupt active.

A bit reads as one if the status of the corresponding interrupt is active or active and
pending.

39.4.2.7 Interrupt Priority Registers

The IPR0-IPR27 registers provide a 5-bit priority field for each interrupt. These registers
are byte-accessible. See the register summary in Table 784 for their attributes. Each
register holds four priority fields, that map to four elements in the CMSIS interrupt priority
array IP[0] to IP[111] , as shown:

31

IPR27

24 23

IP[111]

16 15

IP[110]

IP[4m+3]

IP[4m+2]

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IP[109]

IP[108]

IP[4m+1]

IP[4m]

IP[1]

IP[0]

.
.
.

.
.
.
IPR0

.
.
.

.
.
.
IPRm

IP[3]

IP[2]

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Table 791. IPR bit assignments

Bits

Name

[31:24]

Priority, byte offset 3 Each priority field holds a priority value, 0-31. The lower the
Priority, byte offset 2 value, the greater the priority of the corresponding interrupt.
The processor implements only bits[7:3] of each field, bits[2:0]
Priority, byte offset 1 read as zero and ignore writes.
Priority, byte offset 0

[23:16]
[15:8]
[7:0]

Function

See Table 785 for more information about the IP[0] to IP[111] interrupt priority array, that
provides the software view of the interrupt priorities.
Find the IPR number and byte offset for interrupt N as follows:

the corresponding IPR number, M, is given by M = N DIV 4

the byte offset of the required Priority field in this register is N MOD 4, where:
byte offset 0 refers to register bits[7:0]
byte offset 1 refers to register bits[15:8]
byte offset 2 refers to register bits[23:16]
byte offset 3 refers to register bits[31:24].

39.4.2.8 Software Trigger Interrupt Register

Write to the STIR to generate a Software Generated Interrupt (SGI). See the register
summary in Table 784 for the STIR attributes.
When the USERSETMPEND bit in the CCR is set to 1, unprivileged software can access
the STIR, see Section 39.4.3.8 Configuration and Control Register.
Remark: Only privileged software can enable unprivileged access to the STIR.

The bit assignments are shown in Table 792.

Table 792. STIR bit assignments
Bits

Field

Function

[31:9]

Reserved.

[8:0]

INTID

Interrupt ID of the required SGI, in the range 0-111. For example, a value
of b000000011 specifies interrupt IRQ3.

39.4.2.9 Level-sensitive and pulse interrupts

The processor supports both level-sensitive and pulse interrupts. Pulse interrupts are also
described as edge-triggered interrupts.
A level-sensitive interrupt is held asserted until the peripheral deasserts the interrupt
signal. Typically this happens because the ISR accesses the peripheral, causing it to clear
the interrupt request. A pulse interrupt is an interrupt signal sampled synchronously on the
rising edge of the processor clock. To ensure the NVIC detects the interrupt, the
peripheral must assert the interrupt signal for at least one clock cycle, during which the
NVIC detects the pulse and latches the interrupt.

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When the processor enters the ISR, it automatically removes the pending state from the
interrupt, see Section 39.4.2.9.1. For a level-sensitive interrupt, if the signal is not
deasserted before the processor returns from the ISR, the interrupt becomes pending
again, and the processor must execute its ISR again. This means that the peripheral can
hold the interrupt signal asserted until it no longer needs servicing.
39.4.2.9.1

Hardware and software control of interrupts

The Cortex-M3 latches all interrupts. A peripheral interrupt becomes pending for one of
the following reasons:

the NVIC detects that the interrupt signal is HIGH and the interrupt is not active
the NVIC detects a rising edge on the interrupt signal
software writes to the corresponding interrupt set-pending register bit, see Table 788,
or to the STIR to make an SGI pending, see Table 792.
A pending interrupt remains pending until one of the following:

The processor enters the ISR for the interrupt. This changes the state of the interrupt
from pending to active. Then:
For a level-sensitive interrupt, when the processor returns from the ISR, the NVIC
samples the interrupt signal. If the signal is asserted, the state of the interrupt
changes to pending, which might cause the processor to immediately re-enter the
ISR. Otherwise, the state of the interrupt changes to inactive.
For a pulse interrupt, the NVIC continues to monitor the interrupt signal, and if this
is pulsed the state of the interrupt changes to pending and active. In this case,
when the processor returns from the ISR the state of the interrupt changes to
pending, which might cause the processor to immediately re-enter the ISR.

If the interrupt signal is not pulsed while the processor is in the ISR, when the
processor returns from the ISR the state of the interrupt changes to inactive.

Software writes to the corresponding interrupt clear-pending register bit.

For a level-sensitive interrupt, if the interrupt signal is still asserted, the state of the
interrupt does not change. Otherwise, the state of the interrupt changes to inactive.
For a pulse interrupt, state of the interrupt changes to:
inactive, if the state was pending
active, if the state was active and pending.

39.4.2.10 NVIC design hints and tips

Ensure software uses correctly aligned register accesses. The processor does not
support unaligned accesses to NVIC registers. See the individual register descriptions for
the supported access sizes.
A interrupt can enter pending state even it is disabled.
Before programming VTOR to relocate the vector table, ensure the vector table entries of
the new vector table are setup for fault handlers, NMI and all enabled exception like
interrupts. For more information see Table 798.

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39.4.2.10.1

NVIC programming hints

Software uses the CPSIE I and CPSID I instructions to enable and disable interrupts. The
CMSIS provides the following intrinsic functions for these instructions:
void __disable_irq(void) // Disable Interrupts
void __enable_irq(void) // Enable Interrupts

In addition, the CMSIS provides a number of functions for NVIC control, including:
Table 793. CMSIS functions for NVIC control
CMSIS interrupt control function

Description

void NVIC_SetPriorityGrouping(uint32_t priority_grouping)

Set the priority grouping

void NVIC_EnableIRQ(IRQn_t IRQn)

Enable IRQn

void NVIC_DisableIRQ(IRQn_t IRQn)

Disable IRQn

uint32_t NVIC_GetPendingIRQ (IRQn_t IRQn)

Return true (IRQ-Number) if IRQn is pending

void NVIC_SetPendingIRQ (IRQn_t IRQn)

Set IRQn pending

void NVIC_ClearPendingIRQ (IRQn_t IRQn)

Clear IRQn pending status

uint32_t NVIC_GetActive (IRQn_t IRQn)

Return the IRQ number of the active interrupt

void NVIC_SetPriority (IRQn_t IRQn, uint32_t priority)

Set priority for IRQn

uint32_t NVIC_GetPriority (IRQn_t IRQn)

Read priority of IRQn

void NVIC_SystemReset (void)

Reset the system

For more information about these functions see the CMSIS documentation.

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39.4.3 System control block

The System control block (SCB) provides system implementation information, and
system control. This includes configuration, control, and reporting of the system
exceptions. The system control block registers are:
Table 794. Summary of the system control block registers
Address

Name

Type

Required
privilege

Reset
value

Description

0xE000E008

ACTLR

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 795

0xE000ED00

CPUID

RO

Privileged

0x412FC230

Table 796

0xE000ED04

ICSR

RW[1]

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 797

0xE000ED08

VTOR

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 798

0xE000ED0C

AIRCR

RW[1]

Privileged

0xFA050000

Table 799

0xE000ED10

SCR

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 801

0xE000ED14

CCR

RW

Privileged

0x00000200

Table 802

0xE000ED18

SHPR1

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 804

0xE000ED1C

SHPR2

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 805

0xE000ED20

SHPR3

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 806

0xE000ED24

SHCRS

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 807

0xE000ED28

CFSR

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Section 39.4.3.11

0xE000ED28

MMSR [2]

RW

Privileged

0x00

Table 808

0xE000ED29

BFSR [2]

RW

Privileged

0x00

Table 809

0xE000ED2A

UFSR [2]

RW

Privileged

0x0000

Table 810

0xE000ED2C

HFSR

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 811

0xE000ED34

MMFAR

RW

Privileged

Undefined

Table 812

0xE000ED38

BFAR

RW

Privileged

Undefined

Table 813

[1]

See the register description for more information.

[2]

A subregister of the CFSR.

39.4.3.1 The CMSIS mapping of the Cortex-M3 SCB registers

To improve software efficiency, the CMSIS simplifies the SCB register presentation. In the
CMSIS, the byte array SHP[0] to SHP[12] corresponds to the registers SHPR1-SHPR3.

39.4.3.2 Auxiliary Control Register

The ACTLR provides disable bits for the following processor functions:

IT folding
write buffer use for accesses to the default memory map
interruption of multi-cycle instructions.
See the register summary in Table 794 for the ACTLR attributes. The bit assignments are
shown in Table 795.

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Table 795. ACTLR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[31:3]

Reserved

[2]

DISFOLD

When set to 1, disables IT folding. see Section 39.4.3.2.1 for more

information.

[1]

DISDEFWBUF

When set to 1, disables write buffer use during default memory map
accesses. This causes all bus faults to be precise bus faults but
decreases performance because any store to memory must complete
before the processor can execute the next instruction.

Remark: This bit only affects write buffers implemented in the

Cortex-M3 processor.
[0]

39.4.3.2.1

DISMCYCINT

When set to 1, disables interruption of load multiple and store multiple

instructions. This increases the interrupt latency of the processor
because any LDM or STM must complete before the processor can
stack the current state and enter the interrupt handler.

About IT folding

In some situations, the processor can start executing the first instruction in an IT block
while it is still executing the IT instruction. This behavior is called IT folding, and improves
performance, However, IT folding can cause jitter in looping. If a task must avoid jitter, set
the DISFOLD bit to 1 before executing the task, to disable IT folding.

39.4.3.3 CPUID Base Register

The CPUID register contains the processor part number, version, and implementation
information. See the register summary in Table 794 for its attributes. The bit assignments
are shown in Table 796.
Table 796. CPUID register bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:24]

Implementer

Implementer code:

[23:20]

Variant

Variant number, the r value in the rnpn product revision identifier:

0x41 = ARM

0x2 = r2p0
[19:16]

Constant

Reads as 0xF

[15:4]

PartNo

Part number of the processor:

0xC23 = Cortex-M3

[3:0]

Revision

Revision number, the p value in the rnpn product revision identifier:

0x0 = r2p0

39.4.3.4 Interrupt Control and State Register

The ICSR:

provides:
a set-pending bit for the Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI) exception
set-pending and clear-pending bits for the PendSV and SysTick exceptions

indicates:
the exception number of the exception being processed
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whether there are preempted active exceptions

the exception number of the highest priority pending exception
whether any interrupts are pending.

See the register summary in Table 794, and the Type descriptions in Table 797, for the
ICSR attributes. The bit assignments are shown in Table 797.
Table 797. ICSR bit assignments
Bits

Name

Type

Function

[31]

NMIPENDSET

RW

NMI set-pending bit.

Write:
0 = no effect
1 = changes NMI exception state to pending.
Read:
0 = NMI exception is not pending
1 = NMI exception is pending.
Because NMI is the highest-priority exception, normally the
processor enter the NMI exception handler as soon as it
registers a write of 1 to this bit, and entering the handler clears
this bit to 0. A read of this bit by the NMI exception handler
returns 1 only if the NMI signal is reasserted while the
processor is executing that handler.

[30:29] -

Reserved.

[28]

RW

PendSV set-pending bit.

PENDSVSET

Write:
0 = no effect
1 = changes PendSV exception state to pending.
Read:
0 = PendSV exception is not pending
1 = PendSV exception is pending.
Writing 1 to this bit is the only way to set the PendSV
exception state to pending.
[27]

PENDSVCLR

WO

PendSV clear-pending bit.

Write:
0 = no effect
1 = removes the pending state from the PendSV exception.

[26]

PENDSTSET

RW

SysTick exception set-pending bit.

Write:
0 = no effect
1 = changes SysTick exception state to pending.
Read:
0 = SysTick exception is not pending
1 = SysTick exception is pending.

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Table 797. ICSR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Type

Function

[25]

PENDSTCLR

WO

SysTick exception clear-pending bit.

Write:
0 = no effect
1 = removes the pending state from the SysTick exception.
This bit is WO. On a register read its value is Unknown.

[24]

Reserved.

[23]

Reserved for
Debug use

RO

This bit is reserved for Debug use and reads-as-zero when

the processor is not in Debug.

[22]

ISRPENDING

RO

Interrupt pending flag, excluding NMI and Faults:

0 = interrupt not pending
1 = interrupt pending.

[21:18] -

Reserved.

[17:12] VECTPENDING

RO

Indicates the exception number of the highest priority pending

enabled exception:
0 = no pending exceptions
Nonzero = the exception number of the highest priority
pending enabled exception.
The value indicated by this field includes the effect of the
BASEPRI and FAULTMASK registers, but not any effect of the
PRIMASK register.

[11]

RETTOBASE

RO

Indicates whether there are preempted active exceptions:

0 = there are preempted active exceptions to execute
1 = there are no active exceptions, or the currently-executing
exception is the only active exception.

[10:9]

Reserved.

[8:0]

VECTACTIVE[1]

RO

Contains the active exception number:

0 = Thread mode
Nonzero = The exception number[1] of the currently active
exception.

Remark: Subtract 16 from this value to obtain the IRQ

number required to index into the Interrupt Clear-Enable,
Set-Enable, Clear-Pending, Set-Pending, or Priority
Registers, see Table 769 IPSR bit assignments.
[1]

This is the same value as IPSR bits[8:0], see Table 769 IPSR bit assignments.

When you write to the ICSR, the effect is unpredictable if you:

write 1 to the PENDSVSET bit and write 1 to the PENDSVCLR bit

write 1 to the PENDSTSET bit and write 1 to the PENDSTCLR bit.
39.4.3.5 Vector Table Offset Register
The VTOR indicates the offset of the vector table base address from memory address
0x00000000 . See the register summary in Table 794 for its attributes.
The bit assignments are shown in Table 798.

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Table 798. VTOR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[31:30]

Reserved.

[29:8]

TBLOFF

Vector table base offset field. It contains bits[29:8] of the offset of the table
base from the bottom of the memory map.

Remark: Bit[29] determines whether the vector table is in the code or

SRAM memory region:
Bit[29] is sometimes called the TBLBASE bit.

[7:0]

0 = code
1 = SRAM.

Reserved.

When setting TBLOFF, you must align the offset to the number of exception entries in the
vector table. The recommended alignment is 256 words, allowing for 128 interrupts.
Remark: Table alignment requirements mean that bits[7:0] of the table offset are always
zero.

39.4.3.6 Application Interrupt and Reset Control Register

The AIRCR provides priority grouping control for the exception model, endian status for
data accesses, and reset control of the system. See the register summary in Table 794
and Table 799 for its attributes.
To write to this register, you must write 0x5VA to the VECTKEY field, otherwise the
processor ignores the write.
The bit assignments are shown in Table 799.
Table 799. AIRCR bit assignments
Bits

Name

Type

Function

[31:16]

Write:
VECTKEYSTAT

RW

Register key:
Reads as 0x05FA

Read: VECTKEY
[15]

ENDIANESS

On writes, write 0x5FA to VECTKEY, otherwise the write is

ignored.
RO

Data endianness bit:

0 = Little-endian.

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[14:11]

Reserved

[10:8]

PRIGROUP

R/W

Interrupt priority grouping field. This field determines the

split of group priority from subpriority, see
Section 39.4.3.6.1.

[7:3]

Reserved.

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Table 799. AIRCR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Type

Function

[2]

SYSRESETREQ

WO

System reset request:

0 = no system reset request
1 = asserts a signal to the outer system that requests a
reset.
This is intended to force a large system reset of all major
components except for debug. Note: SYSRESETREQ is
supported in LPC178x/177x devices.
This bit reads as 0.

39.4.3.6.1

[1]

VECTCLRACTIVE

WO

Reserved for Debug use. This bit reads as 0. When writing

to the register you must write 0 to this bit, otherwise
behavior is Unpredictable.

[0]

VECTRESET

WO

Reserved for Debug use. This bit reads as 0. When writing

to the register you must write 0 to this bit, otherwise
behavior is Unpredictable.

Binary point

The PRIGROUP field indicates the position of the binary point that splits the PRI_n fields
in the Interrupt Priority Registers into separate group priority and subpriority fields.
Table 800 shows how the PRIGROUP value controls this split.
Table 800. Priority grouping
Interrupt priority level value, PRI_N[7:0]
PRIGROUP

Binary

point [1]

Number of

Group priority
bits

Subpriority bits

Group priorities

Subpriorities

b010

bxxxxxx.000

[7:3]

none

32

b011

bxxxx.y000

[7:4]

[3]

16

b100

bxxx.yy000

[7:5]

[4:3]

b101

bxx.yyy000

[7:6]

[5:3]

b110

bx.yyyy000

[7]

[6:3]

16

b111

b.yyyyy000

None

[7:3]

32

[1]

PRI_n[7:0] field showing the binary point. x denotes a group priority field bit, and y denotes a subpriority field bit. Bits [2:0] are not used
in LPC178x/177x devices.

Remark: Determining preemption of an exception uses only the group priority field, see
Section 39.3.3.6 Interrupt priority grouping.

39.4.3.7 System Control Register

The SCR controls features of entry to and exit from low power state. See the register
summary in Table 794 for its attributes. The bit assignments are shown in Table 801.

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Table 801. SCR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[31:5]

Reserved.

[4]

SEVONPEND

Send Event on Pending bit:

0 = only enabled interrupts or events can wakeup the processor,
disabled interrupts are excluded
1 = enabled events and all interrupts, including disabled interrupts,
can wakeup the processor.
When an event or interrupt enters pending state, the event signal
wakes up the processor from WFE. If the processor is not waiting
for an event, the event is registered and affects the next WFE.
The processor also wakes up on execution of an SEV instruction or
an external event.

[3]

Reserved.

[2]

SLEEPDEEP

Controls whether the processor uses sleep or deep sleep as its low
power mode:
0 = sleep
1 = deep sleep.

[1]

SLEEPONEXIT Indicates sleep-on-exit when returning from Handler mode to

Thread mode:
0 = do not sleep when returning to Thread mode.
1 = enter sleep, or deep sleep, on return from an ISR.
Setting this bit to 1 enables an interrupt driven application to avoid
returning to an empty main application.

[0]

Reserved.

39.4.3.8 Configuration and Control Register

The CCR controls entry to Thread mode and enables:

the handlers for NMI, hard fault and faults escalated by FAULTMASK to ignore bus
faults

trapping of divide by zero and unaligned accesses

access to the STIR by unprivileged software, see Table 792.
See the register summary in Table 794 for the CCR attributes.
The bit assignments are shown in Table 802.

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Table 802. CCR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[31:10]

Reserved.

[9]

STKALIGN

Indicates stack alignment on exception entry:

0 = 4-byte aligned
1 = 8-byte aligned.
On exception entry, the processor uses bit[9] of the stacked PSR to
indicate the stack alignment. On return from the exception it uses this
stacked bit to restore the correct stack alignment.

[8]

BFHFNMIGN Enables handlers with priority -1 or -2 to ignore data bus faults caused
by load and store instructions. This applies to the hard fault, NMI, and
FAULTMASK escalated handlers:
0 = data bus faults caused by load and store instructions cause a lock-up
1 = handlers running at priority -1 and -2 ignore data bus faults caused
by load and store instructions.
Set this bit to 1 only when the handler and its data are in absolutely safe
memory. The normal use of this bit is to probe system devices and
bridges to detect control path problems and fix them.

[7:5]

Reserved.

[4]

DIV_0_TRP

Enables faulting or halting when the processor executes an SDIV or UDIV

instruction with a divisor of 0:
0 = do not trap divide by 0
1 = trap divide by 0.
When this bit is set to 0,a divide by zero returns a quotient of 0.

[3]

UNALIGN_T
RP

Enables unaligned access traps:

0 = do not trap unaligned halfword and word accesses
1 = trap unaligned halfword and word accesses.
If this bit is set to 1, an unaligned access generates a usage fault.
Unaligned LDM , STM , LDRD , and STRD instructions always fault irrespective
of whether UNALIGN_TRP is set to 1.

[2]

Reserved.

[1]

USERSETM
PEND

Enables unprivileged software access to the STIR, see Table 792:

0 = disable
1 = enable.

[0]

NONEBASE
THRDENA

Indicates how the processor enters Thread mode:

0 = processor can enter Thread mode only when no exception is active.
1 = processor can enter Thread mode from any level under the control of
an EXC_RETURN value, see Section 39.3.3.7.2 Exception return.

39.4.3.9 System Handler Priority Registers

The SHPR1-SHPR3 registers set the priority level, 0 to 31 of the exception handlers that
have configurable priority.
SHPR1-SHPR3 are byte accessible. See the register summary in Table 794 for their
attributes.
The system fault handlers and the priority field and register for each handler are:

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Table 803. System fault handler priority fields

Handler

Field

Register description

Memory management fault

PRI_4

Table 804

Bus fault

PRI_5

Usage fault

PRI_6

SVCall

PRI_11

Table 805

PendSV

PRI_14

Table 806

SysTick

PRI_15

Each PRI_N field is 8 bits wide, but the processor implements only bits[7:3] of each field,
and bits[2:0] read as zero and ignore writes.
39.4.3.9.1

System Handler Priority Register 1

The bit assignments are shown in Table 804.

Table 804. SHPR1 register bit assignments

39.4.3.9.2

Bits

Name

Function

[31:24]

PRI_7

Reserved

[23:16]

PRI_6

Priority of system handler 6, usage fault

[15:8]

PRI_5

Priority of system handler 5, bus fault

[7:0]

PRI_4

Priority of system handler 4, memory management fault

System Handler Priority Register 2

The bit assignments are shown in Table 805.

Table 805. SHPR2 register bit assignments

39.4.3.9.3

Bits

Name

Function

[31:24]

PRI_11

Priority of system handler 11, SVCall

[23:0]

Reserved

System Handler Priority Register 3

The bit assignments are shown in Table 806.

Table 806. SHPR3 register bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:24]

PRI_15

Priority of system handler 15, SysTick exception

[23:16]

PRI_14

Priority of system handler 14, PendSV

[15:0]

Reserved

39.4.3.10 System Handler Control and State Register

The SHCSR enables the system handlers, and indicates:

the pending status of the bus fault, memory management fault, and SVC exceptions
the active status of the system handlers.
See the register summary in Table 794 for the SHCSR attributes. The bit assignments are
shown in Table 807.

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Table 807. SHCSR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[31:19]

Reserved

[18]

USGFAULTENA

Usage fault enable bit, set to 1 to enable [1]

[17]

BUSFAULTENA

Bus fault enable bit, set to 1 to enable [1]

[16]

MEMFAULTENA

Memory management fault enable bit, set to 1 to enable [1]

[15]

SVCALLPENDED

SVC call pending bit, reads as 1 if exception is pending [2]

[14]

BUSFAULTPENDED

Bus fault exception pending bit, reads as 1 if exception is

pending [2]

[13]

MEMFAULTPENDED Memory management fault exception pending bit, reads as 1 if

exception is pending [2]

[12]

USGFAULTPENDED Usage fault exception pending bit, reads as 1 if exception is

pending [2]

[11]

SYSTICKACT

SysTick exception active bit, reads as 1 if exception is active [3]

[10]

PENDSVACT

PendSV exception active bit, reads as 1 if exception is active

[9]

Reserved

[8]

MONITORACT

Debug monitor active bit, reads as 1 if Debug monitor is active

[7]

SVCALLACT

SVC call active bit, reads as 1 if SVC call is active

[6:4]

Reserved

[3]

USGFAULTACT

Usage fault exception active bit, reads as 1 if exception is

active

[2]

Reserved

[1]

BUSFAULTACT

Bus fault exception active bit, reads as 1 if exception is active

[0]

MEMFAULTACT

Memory management fault exception active bit, reads as 1 if

exception is active

[1]

Enable bits, set to 1 to enable the exception, or set to 0 to disable the exception.

[2]

Pending bits, read as 1 if the exception is pending, or as 0 if it is not pending. You can write to these bits to
change the pending status of the exceptions.

[3]

Active bits, read as 1 if the exception is active, or as 0 if it is not active. You can write to these bits to change
the active status of the exceptions, but see the Caution in this section.

If you disable a system handler and the corresponding fault occurs, the processor treats
the fault as a hard fault.
You can write to this register to change the pending or active status of system exceptions.
An OS kernel can write to the active bits to perform a context switch that changes the
current exception type.
Caution

Software that changes the value of an active bit in this register without correct
adjustment to the stacked content can cause the processor to generate a fault
exception. Ensure software that writes to this register retains and subsequently
restores the current active status.

After you have enabled the system handlers, if you have to change the value of a bit
in this register you must use a read-modify-write procedure to ensure that you change
only the required bit.

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.4.3.11 Configurable Fault Status Register

The CFSR indicates the cause of a memory management fault, bus fault, or usage fault.
See the register summary in Table 794 for its attributes. The bit assignments are:


 

 

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5HJLVWHU

0HPRU\0DQDJHPHQW
)DXOW6WDWXV5HJLVWHU

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00)65

The following subsections describe the subregisters that make up the CFSR:

Table 808 MMFSR bit assignments

Table 813 BFAR bit assignments
Table 810 UFSR bit assignments.
The CFSR is byte accessible. You can access the CFSR or its subregisters as follows:

39.4.3.11.1

access the complete CFSR with a word access to 0xE000ED28

access the MMFSR with a byte access to 0xE000ED28
access the MMFSR and BFSR with a halfword access to 0xE000ED28
access the BFSR with a byte access to 0xE000ED29
access the UFSR with a halfword access to 0xE000ED2A .

Memory Management Fault Status Register

The flags in the MMFSR indicate the cause of memory access faults. The bit assignments
are shown in Table 808.
Table 808. MMFSR bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[7]

MMARVALID

Memory Management Fault Address Register (MMAR) valid flag:

0 = value in MMAR is not a valid fault address
1 = MMAR holds a valid fault address.
If a memory management fault occurs and is escalated to a hard
fault because of priority, the hard fault handler must set this bit to 0.
This prevents problems on return to a stacked active memory
management fault handler whose MMAR value has been
overwritten.

[6:5]

Reserved.

[4]

MSTKERR

Memory manager fault on stacking for exception entry:

0 = no stacking fault
1 = stacking for an exception entry has caused one or more access
violations.
When this bit is 1, the SP is still adjusted but the values in the
context area on the stack might be incorrect. The processor has not
written a fault address to the MMAR.

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Table 808. MMFSR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[3]

MUNSTKERR

Memory manager fault on unstacking for a return from exception:

0 = no unstacking fault
1 = unstack for an exception return has caused one or more access
violations.
This fault is chained to the handler. This means that when this bit is
1, the original return stack is still present. The processor has not
adjusted the SP from the failing return, and has not performed a new
save. The processor has not written a fault address to the MMAR.

[2]

Reserved

[1]

DACCVIOL

Data access violation flag:

0 = no data access violation fault
1 = the processor attempted a load or store at a location that does
not permit the operation.
When this bit is 1, the PC value stacked for the exception return
points to the faulting instruction. The processor has loaded the
MMAR with the address of the attempted access.

[0]

IACCVIOL

Instruction access violation flag:

0 = no instruction access violation fault
1 = the processor attempted an instruction fetch from a location that
does not permit execution.
This fault occurs on any access to an XN region, even when the
MPU is disabled.
When this bit is 1, the PC value stacked for the exception return
points to the faulting instruction. The processor has not written a
fault address to the MMAR.

39.4.3.11.2

Bus Fault Status Register

The flags in the BFSR indicate the cause of a bus access fault. The bit assignments are
shown in Table 809.
Table 809. BFSR bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[7]

BFARVALID

Bus Fault Address Register (BFAR) valid flag:

0 = value in BFAR is not a valid fault address
1 = BFAR holds a valid fault address.
The processor sets this bit to 1 after a bus fault where the address is
known. Other faults can set this bit to 0, such as a memory management
fault occurring later.
If a bus fault occurs and is escalated to a hard fault because of priority,
the hard fault handler must set this bit to 0. This prevents problems if
returning to a stacked active bus fault handler whose BFAR value has
been overwritten.

[6:5]

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Table 809. BFSR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[4]

STKERR

Bus fault on stacking for exception entry:

0 = no stacking fault
1 = stacking for an exception entry has caused one or more bus faults.
When the processor sets this bit to 1, the SP is still adjusted but the
values in the context area on the stack might be incorrect. The
processor does not write a fault address to the BFAR.

[3]

UNSTKERR

Bus fault on unstacking for a return from exception:

0 = no unstacking fault
1 = unstack for an exception return has caused one or more bus faults.
This fault is chained to the handler. This means that when the processor
sets this bit to 1, the original return stack is still present. The processor
does not adjust the SP from the failing return, does not performed a new
save, and does not write a fault address to the BFAR.

[2]

IMPRECISERR

Imprecise data bus error:

0 = no imprecise data bus error
1 = a data bus error has occurred, but the return address in the stack
frame is not related to the instruction that caused the error.
When the processor sets this bit to 1, it does not write a fault address to
the BFAR.
This is an asynchronous fault. Therefore, if it is detected when the
priority of the current process is higher than the bus fault priority, the bus
fault becomes pending and becomes active only when the processor
returns from all higher priority processes. If a precise fault occurs before
the processor enters the handler for the imprecise bus fault, the handler
detects both IMPRECISERR set to 1 and one of the precise fault status
bits set to 1.

[1]

PRECISERR

Precise data bus error:

0 = no precise data bus error
1 = a data bus error has occurred, and the PC value stacked for the
exception return points to the instruction that caused the fault.
When the processor sets this bit is 1, it writes the faulting address to the
BFAR.

[0]

IBUSERR

Instruction bus error:

0 = no instruction bus error
1 = instruction bus error.
The processor detects the instruction bus error on prefetching an
instruction, but it sets the IBUSERR flag to 1 only if it attempts to issue
the faulting instruction.
When the processor sets this bit is 1, it does not write a fault address to
the BFAR.

39.4.3.11.3

Usage Fault Status Register

The UFSR indicates the cause of a usage fault. The bit assignments are shown in
Table 810.

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Table 810. UFSR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[15:10]

Reserved.

[9]

DIVBYZERO

Divide by zero usage fault:

0 = no divide by zero fault, or divide by zero trapping not enabled
1 = the processor has executed an SDIV or UDIV instruction with a divisor
of 0.
When the processor sets this bit to 1, the PC value stacked for the
exception return points to the instruction that performed the divide by
zero.
Enable trapping of divide by zero by setting the DIV_0_TRP bit in the
CCR to 1, see Table 802.

[8]

UNALIGNED

Unaligned access usage fault:

0 = no unaligned access fault, or unaligned access trapping not enabled
1 = the processor has made an unaligned memory access.
Enable trapping of unaligned accesses by setting the UNALIGN_TRP
bit in the CCR to 1, see Table 802.
Unaligned LDM , STM , LDRD , and STRD instructions always fault irrespective
of the setting of UNALIGN_TRP.

[7:4]

Reserved.

[3]

NOCP

No coprocessor usage fault. The processor does not support

coprocessor instructions:
0 = no usage fault caused by attempting to access a coprocessor
1 = the processor has attempted to access a coprocessor.

[2]

INVPC

Invalid PC load usage fault, caused by an invalid PC load by

EXC_RETURN:
0 = no invalid PC load usage fault
1 = the processor has attempted an illegal load of EXC_RETURN to the
PC, as a result of an invalid context, or an invalid EXC_RETURN value.
When this bit is set to 1, the PC value stacked for the exception return
points to the instruction that tried to perform the illegal load of the PC.

[1]

INVSTATE

Invalid state usage fault:

0 = no invalid state usage fault
1 = the processor has attempted to execute an instruction that makes
illegal use of the EPSR.
When this bit is set to 1, the PC value stacked for the exception return
points to the instruction that attempted the illegal use of the EPSR.
This bit is not set to 1 if an undefined instruction uses the EPSR.

[0]

UNDEFINSTR Undefined instruction usage fault:

0 = no undefined instruction usage fault
1 = the processor has attempted to execute an undefined instruction.
When this bit is set to 1, the PC value stacked for the exception return
points to the undefined instruction.
An undefined instruction is an instruction that the processor cannot
decode.

Remark: The UFSR bits are sticky. This means as one or more fault occurs, the
associated bits are set to 1. A bit that is set to 1 is cleared to 0 only by writing 1 to that bit,
or by a reset.
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39.4.3.12 Hard Fault Status Register

The HFSR gives information about events that activate the hard fault handler. See the
register summary in Table 794 for its attributes.
This register is read, write to clear. This means that bits in the register read normally, but
writing 1 to any bit clears that bit to 0. The bit assignments are shown in Table 811.
Table 811. HFSR bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31]

DEBUGEVT

Reserved for Debug use. When writing to the register you must write 0 to
this bit, otherwise behavior is Unpredictable.

[30]

FORCED

Indicates a forced hard fault, generated by escalation of a fault with

configurable priority that cannot be handles, either because of priority or
because it is disabled:
0 = no forced hard fault
1 = forced hard fault.
When this bit is set to 1, the hard fault handler must read the other fault
status registers to find the cause of the fault.

[29:2]

Reserved.

[1]

VECTTBL

Indicates a bus fault on a vector table read during exception processing:

0 = no bus fault on vector table read
1 = bus fault on vector table read.
This error is always handled by the hard fault handler.
When this bit is set to 1, the PC value stacked for the exception return
points to the instruction that was preempted by the exception.

[0]

Reserved.

Remark: The HFSR bits are sticky. This means as one or more fault occurs, the
associated bits are set to 1. A bit that is set to 1 is cleared to 0 only by writing 1 to that bit,
or by a reset.

39.4.3.13 Memory Management Fault Address Register

The MMFAR contains the address of the location that generated a memory management
fault. See the register summary in Table 794 for its attributes. The bit assignments are:
Table 812. MMFAR bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:0]

ADDRESS

When the MMARVALID bit of the MMFSR is set to 1, this field holds the
address of the location that generated the memory management fault

When an unaligned access faults, the address is the actual address that faulted. Because
a single read or write instruction can be split into multiple aligned accesses, the fault
address can be any address in the range of the requested access size.
Flags in the MMFSR indicate the cause of the fault, and whether the value in the MMFAR
is valid. See Table 808.

39.4.3.14 Bus Fault Address Register

The BFAR contains the address of the location that generated a bus fault. See the register
summary in Table 794 for its attributes. The bit assignments are:
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Table 813. BFAR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[31:0]

ADDRESS

When the BFARVALID bit of the BFSR is set to 1, this field holds the
address of the location that generated the bus fault

When an unaligned access faults the address in the BFAR is the one requested by the
instruction, even if it is not the address of the fault.
Flags in the BFSR indicate the cause of the fault, and whether the value in the BFAR is
valid. See Table 809.

39.4.3.15 System control block design hints and tips

Ensure software uses aligned accesses of the correct size to access the system control
block registers:

except for the CFSR and SHPR1-SHPR3, it must use aligned word accesses
for the CFSR and SHPR1-SHPR3 it can use byte or aligned halfword or word
accesses.
The processor does not support unaligned accesses to system control block registers.
In a fault handler. to determine the true faulting address:
1. Read and save the MMFAR or BFAR value.
2. Read the MMARVALID bit in the MMFSR, or the BFARVALID bit in the BFSR. The
MMFAR or BFAR address is valid only if this bit is 1.
Software must follow this sequence because another higher priority exception might
change the MMFAR or BFAR value. For example, if a higher priority handler preempts the
current fault handler, the other fault might change the MMFAR or BFAR value.

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39.4.4 System timer, SysTick

The processor has a 24-bit system timer, SysTick, that counts down from the reload value
to zero, reloads (wraps to) the value in the LOAD register on the next clock edge, then
counts down on subsequent clocks.
Note: refer to the separate chapter in the LPC178x/177x User Manual Section 25.1
for device specific information on the System Timer.
Remark: when the processor is halted for debugging the counter does not decrement.

The system timer registers are:

Table 814. System timer registers summary
Address

Name

Type

Required
privilege

Reset
value

Description

0xE000E010

CTRL

RW

Privileged

0x00000004

Table 815

0xE000E014

LOAD

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 816

0xE000E018

VAL

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 817

Privileged

0x000F423F [1]

Table 818

0xE000E01C
[1]

CALIB

RO

SysTick calibration value. This value is specific to LPC178x/177x devices.

39.4.4.1 SysTick Control and Status Register

The SysTick CTRL register enables the SysTick features. See the register summary in
Table 814 for its attributes. The bit assignments are shown in Table 815.
Table 815. SysTick CTRL register bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:17]

Reserved.

[16]

COUNTFLAG

Returns 1 if timer counted to 0 since last time this was read.

[15:3]

Reserved.

[2]

CLKSOURCE

Indicates the clock source:

0 = external clock
1 = processor clock.

[1]

TICKINT

Enables SysTick exception request:

0 = counting down to zero does not assert the SysTick exception
request
1 = counting down to zero to asserts the SysTick exception request.
Software can use COUNTFLAG to determine if SysTick has ever
counted to zero.

[0]

ENABLE

Enables the counter:

0 = counter disabled
1 = counter enabled.

When ENABLE is set to 1, the counter loads the RELOAD value from the LOAD register
and then counts down. On reaching 0, it sets the COUNTFLAG to 1 and optionally asserts
the SysTick depending on the value of TICKINT. It then loads the RELOAD value again,
and begins counting.

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39.4.4.2 SysTick Reload Value Register

The LOAD register specifies the start value to load into the VAL register. See the register
summary in Table 814 for its attributes. The bit assignments are shown in Table 816.
Table 816. LOAD register bit assignments

39.4.4.2.1

Bits

Name

Function

[31:24]

Reserved.

[23:0]

RELOAD

Value to load into the VAL register when the counter is

enabled and when it reaches 0, see Section 39.4.4.2.1.

Calculating the RELOAD value

The RELOAD value can be any value in the range 0x00000001 -0x00FFFFFF . A start value of
0 is possible, but has no effect because the SysTick exception request and COUNTFLAG
are activated when counting from 1 to 0.
The RELOAD value is calculated according to its use:

To generate a multi-shot timer with a period of N processor clock cycles, use a

RELOAD value of N-1. For example, if the SysTick interrupt is required every 100
clock pulses, set RELOAD to 99.

To deliver a single SysTick interrupt after a delay of N processor clock cycles, use a
RELOAD of value N. For example, if a SysTick interrupt is required after 400 clock
pulses, set RELOAD to 400.

39.4.4.3 SysTick Current Value Register

The VAL register contains the current value of the SysTick counter. See the register
summary in Table 814 for its attributes. The bit assignments are shown in Table 817.
Table 817. VAL register bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:24]

Reserved.

[23:0]

CURRENT

Reads return the current value of the SysTick counter.

A write of any value clears the field to 0, and also clears the
SysTick CTRL.COUNTFLAG bit to 0.

39.4.4.4 SysTick Calibration Value Register

The CALIB register indicates the SysTick calibration properties. See the register summary
in Table 814 for its attributes. The bit assignments are shown in Table 818.
Table 818. CALIB register bit assignments

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Bits

Name

Function

[31]

NOREF

Indicates whether a separate reference clock is available. This value is

factory preset as described in Section 25.1.

[30]

SKEW

Indicates whether the value of TENMS is precise. This can affect the
suitability of SysTick as a software real time clock. This value is factory
preset as described in Section 25.1.

[29:24]

Reserved.

[23:0]

TENMS

This value is factory preset as described in Section 25.1.

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If a different frequency is used than that intended by the factory preset value, calculate the
calibration value required from the frequency of the processor clock or external clock.

39.4.4.5 SysTick design hints and tips

The SysTick counter runs on the processor clock. If this clock signal is stopped for low
power mode while the SysTick counter is running from it, the SysTick counter will stop.
Ensure software uses aligned word accesses to access the SysTick registers.

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Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.4.5 Memory protection unit

This section describes the Memory protection unit (MPU).
The MPU divides the memory map into a number of regions, and defines the location,
size, access permissions, and memory attributes of each region. It supports:

independent attribute settings for each region

overlapping regions
export of memory attributes to the system.
The memory attributes affect the behavior of memory accesses to the region. The
Cortex-M3 MPU defines:

eight separate memory regions, 0-7

a background region.
When memory regions overlap, a memory access is affected by the attributes of the
region with the highest number. For example, the attributes for region 7 take precedence
over the attributes of any region that overlaps region 7.
The background region has the same memory access attributes as the default memory
map, but is accessible from privileged software only.
The Cortex-M3 MPU memory map is unified. This means instruction accesses and data
accesses have same region settings.
If a program accesses a memory location that is prohibited by the MPU, the processor
generates a memory management fault. This causes a fault exception, and might cause
termination of the process in an OS environment.
In an OS environment, the kernel can update the MPU region setting dynamically based
on the process to be executed. Typically, an embedded OS uses the MPU for memory
protection.
Configuration of MPU regions is based on memory types, see Section 39.3.2.1 Memory
regions, types and attributes.
Table 819 shows the possible MPU region attributes. These include Shareability and
cache behavior attributes that are not relevant to most microcontroller implementations.
See Table 830 for guidelines for programming such an implementation.

Table 819. Memory attributes summary

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Memory type

Shareability

Other attributes

Description

Strongly- ordered

All accesses to Strongly-ordered

memory occur in program order. All
Strongly-ordered regions are
assumed to be shared.

Device

Shared

Memory-mapped peripherals that

several processors share.

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Table 819. Memory attributes summary

Memory type

Normal

Shareability

Other attributes

Description

Non-shared

Memory-mapped peripherals that only

a single processor uses.

Shared

Non-cacheable
Write-through
Cacheable
Write-back
Cacheable

Normal memory that is shared

between several processors.

Non-shared

Non-cacheable
Write-through
Cacheable
Write-back
Cacheable

Normal memory that only a single

processor uses.

Use the MPU registers to define the MPU regions and their attributes. The MPU registers
are:
Table 820. MPU registers summary
Address

Name

Type

Required
privilege

Reset
value

Description

0xE000ED90

TYPE

RO

Privileged

0x00000800

Table 821

0xE000ED94

CTRL

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 822

0xE000ED98

RNR

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 823

0xE000ED9C

RBAR

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 824

0xE000EDA0

RASR

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Table 825

0xE000EDA4

RBAR_A1

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Alias of RBAR, see Table 824

0xE000EDA8

RASR_A1

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Alias of RASR, see Table 825

0xE000EDAC

RBAR_A2

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Alias of RBAR, see Table 824

0xE000EDB0

RASR_A2

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Alias of RASR, see Table 825

0xE000EDB4

RBAR_A3

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Alias of RBAR, see Table 824

0xE000EDB8

RASR_A3

RW

Privileged

0x00000000

Alias of RASR, see Table 825

39.4.5.1 MPU Type Register

The TYPE register indicates whether the MPU is present, and if so, how many regions it
supports. See the register summary in Table 820 for its attributes. The bit assignments are
shown in Table 821.
Table 821. TYPE register bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:24]

Reserved.

[23:16]

IREGION

Indicates the number of supported MPU instruction

regions.
Always contains 0x00 . The MPU memory map is unified
and is described by the DREGION field.

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Table 821. TYPE register bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[15:8]

DREGION

Indicates the number of supported MPU data regions:

[7:0]

Reserved.

[0]

SEPARATE

Indicates support for unified or separate instruction and

date memory maps:

0x08 = Eight MPU regions.

0 = unified.

39.4.5.2 MPU Control Register

The MPU CTRL register:

enables the MPU

enables the default memory map background region
enables use of the MPU when in the hard fault, Non-maskable Interrupt (NMI), and
FAULTMASK escalated handlers.
See the register summary in Table 820 for the MPU CTRL attributes. The bit assignments
are shown in Table 822.
Table 822. MPU CTRL register bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:3]

Reserved.

[2]

PRIVDEFENA

Enables privileged software access to the default memory map:

0 = If the MPU is enabled, disables use of the default memory map.
Any memory access to a location not covered by any enabled
region causes a fault.
1 = If the MPU is enabled, enables use of the default memory map
as a background region for privileged software accesses.
When enabled, the background region acts as if it is region number
-1. Any region that is defined and enabled has priority over this
default map.
If the MPU is disabled, the processor ignores this bit.

[1]

HFNMIENA

Enables the operation of MPU during hard fault, NMI, and

FAULTMASK handlers.
When the MPU is enabled:
0 = MPU is disabled during hard fault, NMI, and FAULTMASK
handlers, regardless of the value of the ENABLE bit
1 = the MPU is enabled during hard fault, NMI, and FAULTMASK
handlers.
When the MPU is disabled, if this bit is set to 1 the behavior is
Unpredictable.

[0]

ENABLE

Enables the MPU:

0 = MPU disabled
1 = MPU enabled.

When ENABLE and PRIVDEFENA are both set to 1:

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For privileged accesses, the default memory map is as described in Section 39.3.2
Memory model. Any access by privileged software that does not address an enabled
memory region behaves as defined by the default memory map.

Any access by unprivileged software that does not address an enabled memory
region causes a memory management fault.
XN and Strongly-ordered rules always apply to the System Control Space regardless of
the value of the ENABLE bit.
When the ENABLE bit is set to 1, at least one region of the memory map must be enabled
for the system to function unless the PRIVDEFENA bit is set to 1. If the PRIVDEFENA bit
is set to 1 and no regions are enabled, then only privileged software can operate.
When the ENABLE bit is set to 0, the system uses the default memory map. This has the
same memory attributes as if the MPU is not implemented, see Table 775 Memory
access behavior. The default memory map applies to accesses from both privileged and
unprivileged software.
When the MPU is enabled, accesses to the System Control Space and vector table are
always permitted. Other areas are accessible based on regions and whether
PRIVDEFENA is set to 1.
Unless HFNMIENA is set to 1, the MPU is not enabled when the processor is executing
the handler for an exception with priority 1 or 2. These priorities are only possible when
handling a hard fault or NMI exception, or when FAULTMASK is enabled. Setting the
HFNMIENA bit to 1 enables the MPU when operating with these two priorities.

39.4.5.3 MPU Region Number Register

The RNR selects which memory region is referenced by the RBAR and RASR registers.
See the register summary in Table 820 for its attributes. The bit assignments are shown in
Table 823.
Table 823. RNR bit assignments
Bits

Name

Function

[31:8]

Reserved.

[7:0]

REGION

Indicates the MPU region referenced by the RBAR and RASR registers.
The MPU supports 8 memory regions, so the permitted values of this field
are 0-7.

Normally, you write the required region number to this register before accessing the
RBAR or RASR. However you can change the region number by writing to the RBAR with
the VALID bit set to 1, see Table 824. This write updates the value of the REGION field.

39.4.5.4 MPU Region Base Address Register

The RBAR defines the base address of the MPU region selected by the RNR, and can
update the value of the RNR. See the register summary in Table 820 for its attributes.
Write RBAR with the VALID bit set to 1 to change the current region number and update
the RNR. The bit assignments are shown in Table 824.

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Table 824. RBAR bit assignments

[31:N]

ADDR

Region base address field. The value of N depends on the region size. For
more information see Section 39.4.5.4.1.

[(N-1):5]

Reserved.

[4]

VALID

MPU Region Number valid bit:

Write:
0 = RNR not changed, and the processor:

updates the base address for the region specified in the RNR
ignores the value of the REGION field

1 = the processor:

updates the value of the RNR to the value of the REGION field
updates the base address for the region specified in the REGION field.

Always reads as zero.

[3:0]

REGION MPU region field:

For the behavior on writes, see the description of the VALID field.
On reads, returns the current region number, as specified by the RNR.

39.4.5.4.1

The ADDR field

The ADDR field is bits[31:N] of the RBAR. The region size, as specified by the SIZE field
in the RASR, defines the value of N:
N = Log2(Region size in bytes),
If the region size is configured to 4GB, in the RASR, there is no valid ADDR field. In this
case, the region occupies the complete memory map, and the base address is 0x00000000 .
The base address is aligned to the size of the region. For example, a 64 kB region must
be aligned on a multiple of 64 kB, for example, at 0x00010000 or 0x00020000 .

39.4.5.5 MPU Region Attribute and Size Register

The RASR defines the region size and memory attributes of the MPU region specified by
the RNR, and enables that region and any subregions. See the register summary in
Table 820 for its attributes.
RASR is accessible using word or halfword accesses:
The bit assignments are shown in Table 825.

the most significant halfword holds the region attributes

the least significant halfword holds the region size and the region and subregion
enable bits.

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Table 825. RASR bit assignments

Bits

Name

Function

[31:29]

Reserved.

[28]

XN

Instruction access disable bit:

0 = instruction fetches enabled
1 = instruction fetches disabled.

[27]

Reserved.

[26:24]

AP

Access permission field, see Table 829.

[23:22]

Reserved.

[21:19, 17, 16]

TEX, C, B

Memory access attributes, see Table 827.

[18]

Shareable bit, see Table 827.

[15:8]

SRD

Subregion disable bits. For each bit in this field:

0 = corresponding sub-region is enabled
1 = corresponding sub-region is disabled
See Section 39.4.5.8.3 for more information.
Region sizes of 128 bytes and less do not support subregions.
When writing the attributes for such a region, write the SRD field as
0x00 .

[7:6]

Reserved.

[5:1]

SIZE

Specifies the size of the MPU protection region. The minimum

permitted value is 3 (b00010), see See Section 39.4.5.5.1 for more
information.

[0]

ENABLE

Region enable bit.

For information about access permission, see Section 39.4.5.6.

39.4.5.5.1

SIZE field values

The SIZE field defines the size of the MPU memory region specified by the RNR. as
follows:
(Region size in bytes) = 2(SIZE+1)
The smallest permitted region size is 32B, corresponding to a SIZE value of 4. Table 826
gives example SIZE values, with the corresponding region size and value of N in the
RBAR.
Table 826. Example SIZE field values
SIZE value

Region size

Value of N [1]

Note

b00100 (4)

32 B

Minimum permitted
size

b01001 (9)

1 kB

10

b10011 (19)

1 MB

20

b11101 (29)

1 GB

30

b11111 (31)

4 GB

b01100

Maximum possible size

[1]

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In the RBAR, see Table 824.

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39.4.5.6 MPU access permission attributes

This section describes the MPU access permission attributes. The access permission
bits, TEX, C, B, S, AP, and XN, of the RASR, control access to the corresponding memory
region. If an access is made to an area of memory without the required permissions, then
the MPU generates a permission fault.
Table 827 shows the encodings for the TEX, C, B, and S access permission bits.
Table 827. TEX, C, B, and S encoding
TEX
b000

C
0
1

Memory type

Shareability

Other attributes

x [1]

Strongly-ordered

Shareable

x [1]

Device

Shareable

Normal

Not shareable

Outer and inner write-through.

No write allocate.

1
1

Shareable
Normal

Not shareable
Shareable

Outer and inner write-back. No

write allocate.

Normal

Not shareable

Outer and inner noncacheable.

1
b001

0
1

Shareable

x [1]

Reserved encoding

x [1]

Implementation defined attributes.

Normal

Shareable

Outer and inner write-back. Write

and read allocate.

Not shareable

Nonshared Device.

1
b010

b1BB

Not shareable

x [1]

Device

x [1]

Reserved encoding

x [1] x [1]

Reserved encoding

Normal

0
1

Not shareable
Shareable

[1]

The MPU ignores the value of this bit.

[2]

See Table 828 for the encoding of the AA and BB bits.

Cached memory [2], BB = outer

policy, AA = inner policy.

Table 828 shows the cache policy for memory attribute encodings with a TEX value is in
the range 4-7.
Table 828. Cache policy for memory attribute encoding
Encoding, AA or BB

Corresponding cache policy

00

Non-cacheable

01

Write back, write and read allocate

10

Write through, no write allocate

11

Write back, no write allocate

Table 829 shows the AP encodings that define the access permissions for privileged and
unprivileged software.

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Table 829. AP encoding

AP[2:0]

Privileged

Unprivileged

permissions

permissions

Description

000

No access

No access

All accesses generate a permission fault

001

RW

No access

Access from privileged software only

010

RW

RO

Writes by unprivileged software generate a

permission fault

011

RW

RW

Full access

100

Unpredictable Unpredictable

Reserved

101

RO

No access

Reads by privileged software only

110

RO

RO

Read only, by privileged or unprivileged software

111

RO

RO

Read only, by privileged or unprivileged software

39.4.5.7 MPU mismatch

When an access violates the MPU permissions, the processor generates a memory
management fault, see Section 39.3.1.4 Exceptions and interrupts. The MMFSR
indicates the cause of the fault. See Table 808 for more information.

39.4.5.8 Updating an MPU region

To update the attributes for an MPU region, update the RNR, RBAR and RASR registers.
You can program each register separately, or use a multiple-word write to program all of
these registers. You can use the RBAR and RASR aliases to program up to four regions
simultaneously using an STM instruction.
39.4.5.8.1

Updating an MPU region using separate words

Simple code to configure one region:

; R1 = region number
; R2 = size/enable
; R3 = attributes
; R4 = address
LDR R0,=MPU_RNR

; 0xE000ED98, MPU region number register

STR R1, [R0, #0x0]

; Region Number

STR R4, [R0, #0x4]

; Region Base Address

STRH R2, [R0, #0x8]

; Region Size and Enable

STRH R3, [R0, #0xA]

; Region Attribute

Disable a region before writing new region settings to the MPU if you have previously
enabled the region being changed. For example:
; R1 = region number
; R2 = size/enable

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; R3 = attributes
; R4 = address
LDR R0,=MPU_RNR

; 0xE000ED98, MPU region number register

STR R1, [R0, #0x0]

; Region Number

BIC R2, R2, #1

; Disable

STRH R2, [R0, #0x8]

; Region Size and Enable

STR R4, [R0, #0x4]

; Region Base Address

STRH R3, [R0, #0xA]

; Region Attribute

ORR R2, #1

; Enable

STRH R2, [R0, #0x8]

; Region Size and Enable

Software must use memory barrier instructions:

before MPU setup if there might be outstanding memory transfers, such as buffered
writes, that might be affected by the change in MPU settings

after MPU setup if it includes memory transfers that must use the new MPU settings.
However, memory barrier instructions are not required if the MPU setup process starts by
entering an exception handler, or is followed by an exception return, because the
exception entry and exception return mechanism cause memory barrier behavior.
Software does not need any memory barrier instructions during MPU setup, because it
accesses the MPU through the PPB, which is a Strongly-Ordered memory region.
For example, if you want all of the memory access behavior to take effect immediately
after the programming sequence, use a DSB instruction and an ISB instruction. A DSB is
required after changing MPU settings, such as at the end of context switch. An ISB is
required if the code that programs the MPU region or regions is entered using a branch or
call. If the programming sequence is entered using a return from exception, or by taking
an exception, then you do not require an ISB .
39.4.5.8.2

Updating an MPU region using multi-word writes

You can program directly using multi-word writes, depending on how the information is
divided. Consider the following reprogramming:
; R1 = region number
; R2 = address
; R3 = size, attributes in one
LDR R0, =MPU_RNR

; 0xE000ED98, MPU region number register

STR R1, [R0, #0x0] ; Region Number

STR R2, [R0, #0x4] ; Region Base Address
STR R3, [R0, #0x8] ; Region Attribute, Size and Enable
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Use an STM instruction to optimize this:

; R1 = region number
; R2 = address
; R3 = size, attributes in one
LDR R0, =MPU_RNR

; 0xE000ED98, MPU region number register

STM R0, {R1-R3}

; Region Number, address, attribute, size and enable

You can do this in two words for pre-packed information. This means that the RBAR
contains the required region number and had the VALID bit set to 1, see Table 824. Use
this when the data is statically packed, for example in a boot loader:
; R1 = address and region number in one
; R2 = size and attributes in one
LDR R0, =MPU_RBAR

; 0xE000ED9C, MPU Region Base register

STR R1, [R0, #0x0] ; Region base address and

; region number combined with VALID (bit 4) set to 1
STR R2, [R0, #0x4] ; Region Attribute, Size and Enable

Use an STM instruction to optimize this:

; R1 = address and region number in one
; R2 = size and attributes in one
LDR R0,=MPU_RBAR

; 0xE000ED9C, MPU Region Base register

STM R0, {R1-R2}

; Region base address, region number and VALID bit,

; and Region Attribute, Size and Enable

39.4.5.8.3

Subregions

Regions of 256 bytes or more are divided into eight equal-sized subregions. Set the
corresponding bit in the SRD field of the RASR to disable a subregion, see Table 825. The
least significant bit of SRD controls the first subregion, and the most significant bit controls
the last subregion. Disabling a subregion means another region overlapping the disabled
range matches instead. If no other enabled region overlaps the disabled subregion the
MPU issues a fault.
Regions of 32, 64, and 128 bytes do not support subregions, With regions of these sizes,
you must set the SRD field to 0x00 , otherwise the MPU behavior is Unpredictable.
Example of SRD use: Two regions with the same base address overlap. Region one is
128 kB, and region two is 512 kB. To ensure the attributes from region one apply to the
first 128 kB region, set the SRD field for region two to b00000011 to disable the first two
subregions, as the figure shows.

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39.4.5.9 MPU design hints and tips

To avoid unexpected behavior, disable the interrupts before updating the attributes of a
region that the interrupt handlers might access.
Ensure software uses aligned accesses of the correct size to access MPU registers:

except for the RASR, it must use aligned word accesses

for the RASR it can use byte or aligned halfword or word accesses.
The processor does not support unaligned accesses to MPU registers.
When setting up the MPU, and if the MPU has previously been programmed, disable
unused regions to prevent any previous region settings from affecting the new MPU
setup.
39.4.5.9.1

MPU configuration for a microcontroller

Usually, a microcontroller system has only a single processor and no caches. In such a
system, program the MPU as follows:
Table 830. Memory region attributes for a microcontroller
Memory region TEX

Memory type and attributes

Flash memory

Normal memory, Non-shareable, write-through

b000

Internal SRAM

b000

Normal memory, Shareable, write-through

External SRAM

b000

Normal memory, Shareable, write-back,

write-allocate

Peripherals

b000

Device memory, Shareable

In most microcontroller implementations, the shareability and cache policy attributes do

not affect the system behavior. However, using these settings for the MPU regions can
make the application code more portable. The values given are for typical situations. In
special systems, such as multiprocessor designs or designs with a separate DMA engine,
the shareability attribute might be important. In these cases refer to the recommendations
of the memory device manufacturer.

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39.5 ARM Cortex-M3 User Guide: Glossary

Abort A mechanism that indicates to a processor that the value associated with a
memory access is invalid. An abort can be caused by the external or internal memory
system as a result of attempting to access invalid instruction or data memory.
Aligned A data item stored at an address that is divisible by the number of bytes that
defines the data size is said to be aligned. Aligned words and halfwords have addresses
that are divisible by four and two respectively. The terms word-aligned and
halfword-aligned therefore stipulate addresses that are divisible by four and two
respectively.
Banked register A register that has multiple physical copies, where the state of the
processor determines which copy is used. The Stack Pointer, SP (R13) is a banked
register.
Base register In instruction descriptions, a register specified by a load or store
instruction that is used to hold the base value for the instructions address calculation.
Depending on the instruction and its addressing mode, an offset can be added to or
subtracted from the base register value to form the address that is sent to memory. See
also Index register.
Big-endian (BE) Byte ordering scheme in which bytes of decreasing significance in a
data word are stored at increasing addresses in memory. See also Byte-invariant,
Endianness, Little-endian.
Big-endian memory Memory in which:

a byte or halfword at a word-aligned address is the most significant byte or halfword

within the word at that address

a byte at a halfword-aligned address is the most significant byte within the halfword at
that address.
Breakpoint A breakpoint is a mechanism provided by debuggers to identify an
instruction at which program execution is to be halted. Breakpoints are inserted by the
programmer to enable inspection of register contents, memory locations, variable values
at fixed points in the program execution to test that the program is operating correctly.
Breakpoints are removed after the program is successfully tested.
Byte-invariant In a byte-invariant system, the address of each byte of memory
remains unchanged when switching between little-endian and big-endian operation.
When a data item larger than a byte is loaded from or stored to memory, the bytes making
up that data item are arranged into the correct order depending on the endianness of the
memory access.
An ARM byte-invariant implementation also supports unaligned halfword and word
memory accesses. It expects multi-word accesses to be word-aligned.
Cache A block of on-chip or off-chip fast access memory locations, situated between
the processor and main memory, used for storing and retrieving copies of often used
instructions, data, or instructions and data. This is done to greatly increase the average
speed of memory accesses and so improve processor performance.

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Condition field A four-bit field in an instruction that specifies a condition under which
the instruction can execute.
Context The environment that each process operates in for a multitasking operating
system. In ARM processors, this is limited to mean the physical address range that it can
access in memory and the associated memory access permissions.
Coprocessor A processor that supplements the main processor. Cortex-M3 does not
support any coprocessors.
Debugger A debugging system that includes a program, used to detect, locate, and
correct software faults, together with custom hardware that supports software debugging.
Direct Memory Access (DMA) An operation that accesses main memory directly,
without the processor performing any accesses to the data concerned.
Doubleword A 64-bit data item. The contents are taken as being an unsigned integer
unless otherwise stated.
Doubleword-aligned A data item having a memory address that is divisible by eight.
Endianness Byte ordering. The scheme that determines the order that successive
bytes of a data word are stored in memory. An aspect of the systems memory mapping.
See also Little-endian and Big-endian
Exception An event that interrupts program execution. When an exception occurs, the
processor suspends the normal program flow and starts execution at the address
indicated by the corresponding exception vector. The indicated address contains the first
instruction of the handler for the exception.

An exception can be an interrupt request, a fault, or a software-generated system

exception. Faults include attempting an invalid memory access, attempting to execute an
instruction in an invalid processor state, and attempting to execute an undefined
instruction.
Exception service routine See also Interrupt handler
Exception vector See also Interrupt vector.
Flat address mapping A system of organizing memory in which each physical
address in the memory space is the same as the corresponding virtual address.
Halfword A 16-bit data item.
Illegal instruction An instruction that is architecturally Undefined.
Implementation-defined The behavior is not architecturally defined, but is defined and
documented by individual implementations.
Implementation-specific The behavior is not architecturally defined, and does not
have to be documented by individual implementations. Used when there are a number of
implementation options available and the option chosen does not affect software
compatibility.

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Index register In some load and store instruction descriptions, the value of this
register is used as an offset to be added to or subtracted from the base register value to
form the address that is sent to memory. Some addressing modes optionally enable the
index register value to be shifted prior to the addition or subtraction. See also Base
register
Instruction cycle count The number of cycles that an instruction occupies the
Execute stage of the pipeline.
Interrupt handler A program that control of the processor is passed to when an
interrupt occurs.
Interrupt vector One of a number of fixed addresses in low memory, or in high
memory if high vectors are configured, that contains the first instruction of the
corresponding interrupt handler.
Little-endian (LE) Byte ordering scheme in which bytes of increasing significance in a
data word are stored at increasing addresses in memory. See also Big-endian,
Byte-invariant, Endianness.
Little-endian memory Memory in which:

a byte or halfword at a word-aligned address is the least significant byte or halfword

within the word at that address

a byte at a halfword-aligned address is the least significant byte within the halfword at
that address.
See also Big-endian memory.
Load/store architecture A processor architecture where data-processing operations
only operate on register contents, not directly on memory contents.
Memory Protection Unit (MPU) Hardware that controls access permissions to blocks
of memory. An MPU does not perform any address translation.
Prefetching In pipelined processors, the process of fetching instructions from memory
to fill up the pipeline before the preceding instructions have finished executing.
Prefetching an instruction does not mean that the instruction has to be executed.
Read Reads are defined as memory operations that have the semantics of a load.
Reads include the Thumb instructions LDM , LDR , LDRSH , LDRH , LDRSB , LDRB , and POP .
Region A partition of memory space.
Reserved A field in a control register or instruction format is reserved if the field is to be
defined by the implementation, or produces Unpredictable results if the contents of the
field are not zero. These fields are reserved for use in future extensions of the architecture
or are implementation-specific. All reserved bits not used by the implementation must be
written as 0 and read as 0.
Should Be One (SBO) Write as 1, or all 1s for bit fields, by software. Writing as 0
produces Unpredictable results.
Should Be Zero (SBZ) Write as 0, or all 0s for bit fields, by software. Writing as 1
produces Unpredictable results.
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Should Be Zero or Preserved (SBZP) Write as 0, or all 0s for bit fields, by software,
or preserved by writing the same value back that has been previously read from the same
field on the same processor.
Thread-safe In a multi-tasking environment, thread-safe functions use safeguard
mechanisms when accessing shared resources, to ensure correct operation without the
risk of shared access conflicts.
Thumb instruction One or two halfwords that specify an operation for a processor to
perform. Thumb instructions must be halfword-aligned.
Unaligned A data item stored at an address that is not divisible by the number of bytes
that defines the data size is said to be unaligned. For example, a word stored at an
address that is not divisible by four.
Unpredictable (UNP) You cannot rely on the behavior. Unpredictable behavior must
not represent security holes. Unpredictable behavior must not halt or hang the processor,
or any parts of the system.
Warm reset Also known as a core reset. Initializes the majority of the processor
excluding the debug controller and debug logic. This type of reset is useful if you are using
the debugging features of a processor.
WA See Write-allocate.
WB See Write-back
Word A 32-bit data item.
Write Writes are defined as operations that have the semantics of a store. Writes
include the Thumb instructions STM , STR , STRH , STRB , and PUSH .
Write-allocate (WA) In a write-allocate cache, a cache miss on storing data causes a
cache line to be allocated into the cache.
Write-back (WB) In a write-back cache, data is only written to main memory when it is
forced out of the cache on line replacement following a cache miss. Otherwise, writes by
the processor only update the cache. This is also known as copyback.
Write buffer A block of high-speed memory, arranged as a FIFO buffer, between the
data cache and main memory, whose purpose is to optimize stores to main memory.
Write-through (WT) In a write-through cache, data is written to main memory at the
same time as the cache is updated.

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40.1 Abbreviations
Table 831. Abbreviations

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Acronym

Description

ADC

Analog-to-Digital Converter

AHB

Advanced High-performance Bus

AMBA

Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture

APB

Advanced Peripheral Bus

BOD

BrownOut Detection

CAN

Controller Area Network

DAC

Digital-to-Analog Converter

DMA

Direct Memory Access

EOP

End Of Packet

ETM

Embedded Trace Macrocell

GPIO

General Purpose Input/Output

I2C

Inter-IC control bus

I2S

Inter-IC sound bus

IrDA

Infrared Data Association

JTAG

Joint Test Action Group

MII

Media Independent Interface (Ethernet related)

MIIM

Media Independent Interface Management (Ethernet related)

PHY

Physical layer interface

PLL

Phase-Locked Loop

PWM

Pulse Width Modulator

QEI

Quadrature Encoder Interface

RMII

Reduced Media Independent Interface (Ethernet related)

SE0

Single Ended Zero (USB related)

SPI

Serial Peripheral Interface

SSI

Serial Synchronous Interface

SSP

Synchronous Serial Port

UART

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

USB

Universal Serial Bus

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

40.2 Legal information

40.2.1 Definitions
Draft The document is a draft version only. The content is still under
internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in
modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any
representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of
information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of
use of such information.

40.2.2 Disclaimers
Limited warranty and liability Information in this document is believed to
be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any
representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or
completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the
consequences of use of such information.
In no event shall NXP Semiconductors be liable for any indirect, incidental,
punitive, special or consequential damages (including - without limitation - lost
profits, lost savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or
replacement of any products or rework charges) whether or not such
damages are based on tort (including negligence), warranty, breach of
contract or any other legal theory.
Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason
whatsoever, NXP Semiconductors aggregate and cumulative liability towards
customer for the products described herein shall be limited in accordance
with the Terms and conditions of commercial sale of NXP Semiconductors.
Right to make changes NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make
changes to information published in this document, including without
limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without
notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior
to the publication hereof.
Suitability for use NXP Semiconductors products are not designed,
authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in life support, life-critical or
safety-critical systems or equipment, nor in applications where failure or
malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected

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to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental

damage. NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of
NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and
therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customers own risk.
Applications Applications that are described herein for any of these
products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no
representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the
specified use without further testing or modification.
Customers are responsible for the design and operation of their applications
and products using NXP Semiconductors products, and NXP Semiconductors
accepts no liability for any assistance with applications or customer product
design. It is customers sole responsibility to determine whether the NXP
Semiconductors product is suitable and fit for the customers applications and
products planned, as well as for the planned application and use of
customers third party customer(s). Customers should provide appropriate
design and operating safeguards to minimize the risks associated with their
applications and products.
NXP Semiconductors does not accept any liability related to any default,
damage, costs or problem which is based on any weakness or default in the
customers applications or products, or the application or use by customers
third party customer(s). Customer is responsible for doing all necessary
testing for the customers applications and products using NXP
Semiconductors products in order to avoid a default of the applications and
the products or of the application or use by customers third party
customer(s). NXP does not accept any liability in this respect.
Export control This document as well as the item(s) described herein
may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior
authorization from national authorities.

40.2.3 Trademarks
Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks
are the property of their respective owners.
I2C-bus logo is a trademark of NXP B.V.

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

40.3 Tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Table 15.
Table 16.
Table 17.
Table 18.
Table 19.

Table 20.

Table 21.
Table 22.
Table 23.
Table 24.

Table 25.
Table 26.
Table 27.
Table 28.
Table 29.
Table 30.
Table 31.
Table 32.
Table 33.

Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Ordering options for LPC178x/177x parts . . . . .9
LPC178x/177x memory usage and details . . . .14
AHB peripherals and base addresses . . . . . . .17
APB0 peripherals and base addresses . . . . . .17
APB1 peripherals and base addresses . . . . . .18
Matrix Arbitration register (Matrix_Arb - 0x400F
C188) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Pin summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Summary of system control registers . . . . . . . .21
Reset Source Identification register (RSID address 0x400F C180) bit description . . . . . . .24
Reset control register 0 (RSTCON0 - 0x400F C1CC) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Reset control register 1 (RSTCON1 0x400F C1D0) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
External Interrupt registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
External Interrupt Flag register (EXTINT - address
0x400F C140) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
External Interrupt Mode register (EXTMODE address 0x400F C148) bit description . . . . . . .30
External Interrupt Polarity register (EXTPOLAR address 0x400F C14C) bit description . . . . . . .31
System Controls and Status register (SCS address 0x400F C1A0) bit description . . . . . . .32
Summary of system control registers . . . . . . . .36
Recommended values for CX1/X2 in oscillation
mode (crystal and external components
parameters) low frequency mode (OSCRANGE =
0, see Table 17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Recommended values for CX1/X2 in oscillation
mode (crystal and external components
parameters) high frequency mode (OSCRANGE =
1, see Table 17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Clock Source Selection register (CLKSRCSEL 0x400F C10C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
PLL1 registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
PLL Control registers (PLL0CON - 0x400F C080,
PLL1CON - 0x400F C0A0) bit description . . . .43
PLL Configuration registers (PLL0CFG 0x400F C084, PLL1CFG - 0x400F C0A4) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
PLL Status registers (PLL0STAT - 0x400F C088,
PLL1STAT - 0x400F C0A8) bit description . . . .43
PLL Feed registers (PLL0FEED - 0x400F C08C,
PLL1FEED - 0x400F C0AC) bit description . . .44
Elements determining PLL frequency. . . . . . . .46
PLL Multiplier values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
PLL Divider values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
CPU Clock Selection register (CCLKSEL address 0x400F C104) bit description . . . . . . .50
USB Clock Selection register (USBCLKSEL address 0x400F C108) bit description . . . . . . .51
EMC Clock Selection register (EMCCLKSEL address 0x400F C100) bit description . . . . . . .51
Peripheral Clock Selection register (PCLKSEL -

UM10470

User manual

address 0x400F C1A8) bit description. . . . . . . 52

Table 34. Power Control registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Table 35. Power Mode Control register (PCON - address
0x400F C0C0) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table 36. Encoding of reduced power modes . . . . . . . . . 58
Table 37. Power Control for Peripherals register (PCONP address 0x400F C0C4) bit description. . . . . . . 59
Table 38. Power Boost control register (PBOOST - address
0x400F C1B0) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 39. Encoding of reduced power modes . . . . . . . . . 60
Table 40. Clock Output Configuration register
(CLKOUTCFG - 0x400F C1C8) bit description 64
Table 41. Summary of flash accelerator registers . . . . . . 66
Table 42. Flash Accelerator Configuration register
(FLASHCFG - address 0x400F C000) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Table 43. Connection of interrupt sources to the Vectored
Interrupt Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Table 44. NVIC register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Table 45. Interrupt Set-Enable Register 0 register (ISER0 0xE000 E100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Table 46. Interrupt Set-Enable Register 1 register (ISER1 0xE000 E104) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Table 47. Interrupt Clear-Enable Register 0 (ICER0 0xE000 E180) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Table 48. Interrupt Clear-Enable Register 1 register (ICER1
- 0xE000 E184) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Table 49. Interrupt Set-Pending Register 0 register (ISPR0 0xE000 E200) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Table 50. Interrupt Set-Pending Register 1 register (ISPR1 0xE000 E204) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Table 51. Interrupt Clear-Pending Register 0 register
(ICPR0 - 0xE000 E280) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Table 52. Interrupt Clear-Pending Register 1 register
(ICPR1 - 0xE000 E284) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Table 53. Interrupt Active Bit Register 0 (IABR0 0xE000 E300) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Table 54. Interrupt Active Bit Register 1 (IABR1 0xE000 E304) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Table 55. Interrupt Priority Register 0 (IPR0 0xE000 E400) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Table 56. Interrupt Priority Register 1 (IPR1 0xE000 E404) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Table 57. Interrupt Priority Register 2 (IPR2 0xE000 E408) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Table 58. Interrupt Priority Register 3 (IPR3 0xE000 E40C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 59. Interrupt Priority Register 4 (IPR4 0xE000 E410) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 60. Interrupt Priority Register 5 (IPR5 0xE000 E414) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Table 61. Interrupt Priority Register 6 (IPR6 0xE000 E418) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Table 62. Interrupt Priority Register 7 (IPR7 0xE000 E41C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Table 63. Interrupt Priority Register 8 (IPR8 -

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994 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

0xE000 E420) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

Table 64. Interrupt Priority Register 9 (IPR9 0xE000 E424) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Table 65. Interrupt Priority Register 10 (IPR10 0xE000 E428) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Table 66. Software Trigger Interrupt Register (STIR 0xE000 EF00) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Table 67. LPC178x/177x pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Table 68. Boot control on pins P3[15]/D15 and P3/14]/D14 .
108
Table 69. Summary of I/O pin configuration registers . .109
Table 70. I/O Control registers for port 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Table 71. I/O Control registers for port 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Table 72. I/O Control registers for port 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Table 73. I/O Control registers for port 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Table 74. I/O Control registers for port 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Table 75. I/O Control registers for port 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Table 76. Type D IOCON registers bit description . . . . .120
Table 77. Type D I/O Control registers: FUNC values and
pin functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Table 78. Type A IOCON registers bit description . . . . .126
Table 79. Type A I/O Control registers: FUNC values and pin
functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
Table 80. Type U IOCON registers bit description . . . . .128
Table 81. Type U I/O Control registers: FUNC values and
pin functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Table 82. Type I IOCON registers bit description . . . . . .129
Table 83. Type I I/O Control registers: FUNC values and pin
functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
Table 84. Type W IOCON registers bit description. . . . .130
Table 85. Type W I/O Control registers: FUNC values and
pin functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
Table 86. GPIO pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
Table 87. GPIO register map (local bus accessible registers
- enhanced GPIO features) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
Table 88. GPIO interrupt register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
Table 89. Fast GPIO port Direction register FIO0DIR to
FIO5DIR - addresses 0x2009 8000 to
0x2009 80A0) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
Table 90. Fast GPIO port Direction control byte and
half-word accessible register description . . . .135
Table 91. Fast GPIO port output Set register (FIO0SET to
FIO4SET - addresses 0x2009 8018 to
0x2009 8098) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
Table 92. Fast GPIO port output Set byte and half-word
accessible register description . . . . . . . . . . . .136
Table 93. Fast GPIO port output Clear register (FIO0CLR to
FIO4CLR- addresses 0x2009 801C to
0x2009 809C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
Table 94. Fast GPIO port output Clear byte and half-word
accessible register description . . . . . . . . . . . .138
Table 95. Fast GPIO port Pin value register (FIO0PIN to
FIO4PIN- addresses 0x2009 8014 to
0x2009 8094) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Table 96. Fast GPIO port Pin value byte and half-word
accessible register description . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Table 97. Fast GPIO port Mask register (FIO0MASK to
FIO4MASK - addresses 0x2009 8010 to
UM10470

User manual

0x2009 8090) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Table 98. Fast GPIO port Mask byte and half-word
accessible register description. . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Table 99. GPIO overall Interrupt Status register (IOIntStatus
- address 0x4002 8080) bit description . . . . . 142
Table 100. GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 0 Rising Edge
(IO0IntEnR - 0x4002 8090) bit description. . . 143
Table 101. GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 2 Rising Edge
(IO2IntEnR - 0x4002 80B0) bit description . . 144
Table 102. GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 0 Falling Edge
(IO0IntEnF - address 0x4002 8094) bit description
145
Table 103. GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 2 Falling Edge
(IO2IntEnF - 0x4002 80B4) bit description. . . 146
Table 104. GPIO Interrupt Status for port 0 Rising Edge
Interrupt (IO0IntStatR - 0x4002 8084) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Table 105. GPIO Interrupt Status for port 2 Rising Edge
Interrupt (IO2IntStatR - 0x4002 80A4) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Table 106. GPIO Interrupt Status for port 0 Falling Edge
Interrupt (IO0IntStatF - 0x4002 8088) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Table 107. GPIO Interrupt Status for port 2 Falling Edge
Interrupt (IO2IntStatF - 0x4002 80A8) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Table 108. GPIO Interrupt Clear register for port 0 (IO0IntClr
- 0x4002 808C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Table 109. GPIO Interrupt Clear register for port 0 (IO2IntClr
- 0x4002 80AC) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Table 110. EMC configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Table 111. Memory bank selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Table 112. Pad interface and control signal descriptions 163
Table 113. Summary of EMC registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Table 114. EMC Control register (EMCControl - address
0x2009 C000) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Table 115. EMC Status register (EMCStatus - address
0x2009 C008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Table 116. EMC Configuration register (EMCConfig address 0x2009 C008) bit description . . . . . . 168
Table 117. Dynamic Control register (EMCDynamicControl address 0x2009 C020) bit description . . . . . . 168
Table 118. Dynamic Memory Refresh Timer register
(EMCDynamicRefresh - address 0x2009 C024)
bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Table 119. Dynamic Memory Read Configuration register
(EMCDynamicReadConfig - address
0x2009 C028) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Table 120. Dynamic Memory Precharge Command Period
register (EMCDynamictRP - address
0x2009 C030) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Table 121. Dynamic Memory Active to Precharge Command
Period register (EMCDynamictRAS - address
0x2009 C034) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Table 122. Dynamic Memory Self-refresh Exit Time register
(EMCDynamictSREX - address 0x2009 C038) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Table 123. Dynamic Memory Last Data Out to Active Time

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UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

register (EMCDynamictAPR - address

0x2009 C03C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
Table 124. Dynamic Memory Data-in to Active Command
Time register (EMCDynamictDAL - address
0x2009 C040) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
Table 125. Dynamic Memory Write recover Time register
(EMCDynamictWR - address 0x2009 C044) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
Table 126. Dynamic Memory Active to Active Command
Period register (EMCDynamictRC - address
0x2009 C048) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
Table 127. Dynamic Memory Auto-refresh Period register
(EMCDynamictRFC - address 0x2009 C04C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Table 128. Dynamic Memory Exit Self-refresh register
(EMCDynamictXSR - address 0x2009 C050) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Table 129. Dynamic Memory Active Bank A to Active Bank B
Time register (EMCDynamictRRD - address
0x2009 C054) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
Table 130. Dynamic Memory Load Mode register to Active
Command Time (EMCDynamictMRD - address
0x2009 C058) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
Table 131. Static Memory Extended Wait register
(EMCStaticExtendedWait - address
0x2009 C080) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .176
Table 132. Dynamic Memory Configuration registers
(EMCDynamicConfig0-3 - address 0x2009 C100,
0x2009 C120, 0x2009 C140, 0x2009 C160) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
Table 133. Address mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
Table 134. Dynamic Memory RAS & CAS Delay registers
(EMCDynamicRasCas0-3 - address
0x2009 C104, 0x2009 C124, 0x2009 C144,
0x2009 C164) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
Table 135. Static Memory Configuration registers
(EMCStaticConfig0-3 - address 0x2009 C200,
0x2009 C220, 0x2009 C240, 0x2009 C260) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180
Table 136. Static Memory Write Enable Delay registers
(EMCStaticWaitWen0-3 - address
0x2009 C204,0x2009 C224, 0x2009 C244,
0x2009 C264) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
Table 137. Static Memory Output Enable delay registers
(EMCStaticWaitOen03 - address 0x2009 C208,
0x2009 C228, 0x2009 C248, 0x2009 C268) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
Table 138. Static Memory Read Delay registers
(EMCStaticWaitRd0-3 - address 0x2009 C20C,
0x2009 C22C, 0x2009 C24C, 0x2009 C26C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
Table 139. Static Memory Page Mode Read Delay
registers0-3 (EMCStaticWaitPage0-3 - address
0x2009 C210, 0x2009 C230, 0x2009 C250,
0x2009 C270) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
Table 140. Static Memory Write Delay registers0-3
(EMCStaticWaitWr - address 0x2009 C214,
0x2009 C234, 0x2009 C254, 0x2009 C274) bit
UM10470

User manual

description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Table 141. Static Memory Turn Round Delay registers0-3
(EMCStaticWaitTurn0-3 - address 0x2009 C218,
0x2009 C238, 0x2009 C258, 0x2009 C278) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Table 142. Delay Control register (EMCDLYCTL - 0x400F
C1DC) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Table 143. EMC Calibration register (EMCCAL - 0x400F
C1E0) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Table 144. Ethernet acronyms, abbreviations, and definitions
191
Table 145. Example PHY Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Table 146. Ethernet MII pin descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Table 147. Ethernet RMII pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Table 148. Ethernet MIIM pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Table 149. Ethernet register descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Table 150. MAC Configuration register 1 (MAC1 - address
0x2008 4000) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Table 151. MAC Configuration register 2 (MAC2 - address
0x2008 4004) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Table 152. Pad operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Table 153. Back-to-back Inter-packet-gap register (IPGT address 0x2008 4008) bit description . . . . . . 203
Table 154. Non Back-to-back Inter-packet-gap register
(IPGR - address 0x2008 400C) bit description . .
203
Table 155. Collision Window / Retry register (CLRT - address
0x2008 4010) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Table 156. Maximum Frame register (MAXF - address
0x2008 4014) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Table 157. PHY Support register (SUPP - address
0x2008 4018) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Table 158. Test register (TEST - address 0x2008 401C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Table 159. MII Mgmt Configuration register (MCFG - address
0x2008 4020) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Table 160. Clock select encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Table 161. MII Mgmt Command register (MCMD - address
0x2008 4024) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Table 162. MII Mgmt Address register (MADR - address
0x2008 4028) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Table 163. MII Mgmt Write Data register (MWTD - address
0x2008 402C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Table 164. MII Mgmt Read Data register (MRDD - address
0x2008 4030) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Table 165. MII Mgmt Indicators register (MIND - address
0x2008 4034) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Table 166. Station Address register (SA0 - address
0x2008 4040) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Table 167. Station Address register (SA1 - address
0x2008 4044) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Table 168. Station Address register (SA2 - address
0x2008 4048) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Table 169. Command register (Command - address
0x2008 4100) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Table 170. Status register (Status - address 0x2008 4104) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Table 171. Receive Descriptor Base Address register

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NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

996 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

(RxDescriptor - address 0x2008 4108) bit

description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
Table 172. Receive Status Base Address register (RxStatus
- address 0x2008 410C) bit description . . . . .210
Table 173. Receive Number of Descriptors register
(RxDescriptor - address 0x2008 4110) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
Table 174. Receive Produce Index register
(RxProduceIndex - address 0x2008 4114) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Table 175. Receive Consume Index register
(RxConsumeIndex - address 0x2008 4118) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Table 176. Transmit Descriptor Base Address register
(TxDescriptor - address 0x2008 411C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Table 177. Transmit Status Base Address register (TxStatus
- address 0x2008 4120) bit description . . . . .212
Table 178. Transmit Number of Descriptors register
(TxDescriptorNumber - address 0x2008 4124) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
Table 179. Transmit Produce Index register
(TxProduceIndex - address 0x2008 4128) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
Table 180. Transmit Consume Index register
(TxConsumeIndex - address 0x2008 412C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
Table 181. Transmit Status Vector 0 register (TSV0 address 0x2008 4158) bit description. . . . . . .213
Table 182. Transmit Status Vector 1 register (TSV1 - address
0x2008 415C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Table 183. Receive Status Vector register (RSV - address
0x2008 4160) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Table 184. Flow Control Counter register
(FlowControlCounter - address 0x2008 4170) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
Table 185. Flow Control Status register (FlowControlStatus address 0x2008 4174) bit description. . . . . . .216
Table 186. Receive Filter Control register (RxFilterCtrl address 0x2008 4200) bit description. . . . . . .217
Table 187. Receive Filter WoL Status register
(RxFilterWoLStatus - address 0x2008 4204) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217
Table 188. Receive Filter WoL Clear register
(RxFilterWoLClear - address 0x2008 4208) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218
Table 189. Hash Filter Table LSBs register (HashFilterL address 0x2008 4210) bit description. . . . . . .218
Table 190. Hash Filter MSBs register (HashFilterH - address
0x2008 4214) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .218
Table 191. Interrupt Status register (IntStatus - address
0x2008 4FE0) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Table 192. Interrupt Enable register (intEnable - address
0x2008 4FE4) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Table 193. Interrupt Clear register (IntClear - address
0x2008 4FE8) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
Table 194. Interrupt Set register (IntSet - address
0x2008 4FEC) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
UM10470

User manual

Table 195. Power-Down register (PowerDown - address

0x2008 4FF4) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Table 196. Receive Descriptor Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Table 197. Receive Descriptor Control Word . . . . . . . . . 223
Table 198. Receive Status Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Table 199. Receive Status HashCRC Word . . . . . . . . . . 224
Table 200. Receive status information word . . . . . . . . . . 224
Table 201. Transmit descriptor fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Table 202. Transmit descriptor control word . . . . . . . . . . 226
Table 203. Transmit status fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Table 204. Transmit status information word . . . . . . . . . 227
Table 205. LCD controller pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Table 206. Pins used for single panel STN displays . . . . 269
Table 207. Pins used for dual panel STN displays . . . . . 270
Table 208. Pins used for TFT displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Table 209. FIFO bits for Little-endian Byte, Little-endian Pixel
order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Table 210. FIFO bits for Big-endian Byte, Big-endian Pixel
order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Table 211. FIFO bits for Little-endian Byte, Big-endian Pixel
order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Table 212. RGB mode data formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Table 213. Palette data storage for TFT modes. . . . . . . 278
Table 214. Palette data storage for STN color modes. . . 278
Table 215. Palette data storage for STN monochrome mode.
279
Table 216. Palette data storage for STN monochrome mode.
280
Table 217. Addresses for 32 x 32 cursors . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Table 218. Buffer to pixel mapping for 32 x 32 pixel cursor
format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Table 219. Buffer to pixel mapping for 64 x 64 pixel cursor
format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Table 220. Pixel encoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Table 221. Color display driven with 2 2/3 pixel data . . . 284
Table 222. Summary of LCD controller registers . . . . . . 288
Table 223. LCD Configuration register (LCD_CFG, RW 0x400F C1B8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Table 224. Horizontal Timing register (LCD_TIMH, RW 0x2008 8000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Table 225. Vertical Timing register (LCD_TIMV, RW 0x2008 8004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Table 226. Clock and Signal Polarity register (LCD_POL,
RW - 0x2008 8008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Table 227. Line End Control register (LCD_LE, RW 0x2008 800C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Table 228. Upper Panel Frame Base register
(LCD_UPBASE, RW - 0x2008 8010) . . . . . . . 293
Table 229. Lower Panel Frame Base register
(LCD_LPBASE, RW - 0x2008 8014) . . . . . . . 294
Table 230. LCD Control register (LCD_CTRL, RW 0x2008 8018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Table 231. Interrupt Mask register (LCD_INTMSK, RW 0x2008 801C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Table 232. Raw Interrupt Status register (LCD_INTRAW, RW
- 0x2008 8020). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Table 233. Masked Interrupt Status register (LCD_INTSTAT,
RW - 0x2008 8024) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

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Table 234. Interrupt Clear register (LCD_INTCLR, RW 0x2008 8028) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297

Table 235. Upper Panel Current Address register
(LCD_UPCURR, RW - 0x2008 802C) . . . . . .298
Table 236. Lower Panel Current Address register
(LCD_LPCURR, RW - 0x2008 8030) . . . . . . .298
Table 237. Color Palette registers (LCD_PAL, RW 0x2008 8200 to 0x2008 83FC) . . . . . . . . . . . .298
Table 238. Cursor Image registers (CRSR_IMG, RW 0x2008 8800 to 0x2008 8BFC). . . . . . . . . . . .299
Table 239. Cursor Control register (CRSR_CTRL, RW 0x2008 8C00) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300
Table 240. Cursor Configuration register (CRSR_CFG, RW 0x2008 8C04) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300
Table 241. Cursor Palette register 0 (CRSR_PAL0, RW 0x2008 8C08) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301
Table 242. Cursor Palette register 1 (CRSR_PAL1, RW 0x2008 8C0C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301
Table 243. Cursor XY Position register (CRSR_XY, RW 0x2008 8C10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301
Table 244. Cursor Clip Position register (CRSR_CLIP, RW 0x2008 8C14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302
Table 245. Cursor Interrupt Mask register (CRSR_INTMSK,
RW - 0x2008 8C20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302
Table 246. Cursor Interrupt Clear register (CRSR_INTCLR,
RW - 0x2008 8C24) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
Table 247. Cursor Raw Interrupt Status register
(CRSR_INTRAW, RW - 0x2008 8C28). . . . . .303
Table 248. Cursor Masked Interrupt Status register
(CRSR_INTSTAT, RW - 0x2008 8C2C) . . . . .303
Table 249. LCD panel connections for STN single panel
mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307
Table 250. LCD panel connections for STN dual panel mode
308
Table 251. LCD panel connections for TFT panels . . . . .309
Table 252. USB related acronyms, abbreviations, and
definitions used in this chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Table 253. Fixed endpoint configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . .312
Table 254. USB external interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315
Table 255. USB device controller clock sources . . . . . . .316
Table 256. USB device register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317
Table 257. USB Port Select register (USBPortSel - 0x2008
C110) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318
Table 258. USBClkCtrl register (USBClkCtrl - address
0x2008 CFF4) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .319
Table 259. USB Clock Status register (USBClkSt - address
0x2008 CFF8) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .319
Table 260. USB Interrupt Status register (USBIntSt - address
0x2008 C1C0) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .320
Table 261. USB Device Interrupt Status register
(USBDevIntSt - address 0x2008 C200) bit
allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320
Table 262. USB Device Interrupt Status register
(USBDevIntSt - address 0x2008 C200) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321
Table 263. USB Device Interrupt Enable register
(USBDevIntEn - address 0x2008 C204) bit
allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321
UM10470

User manual

Table 264. USB Device Interrupt Enable register

(USBDevIntEn - address 0x2008 C204) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Table 265. USB Device Interrupt Clear register
(USBDevIntClr - address 0x2008 C208) bit
allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Table 266. USB Device Interrupt Clear register
(USBDevIntClr - address 0x2008 C208) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Table 267. USB Device Interrupt Set register (USBDevIntSet
- address 0x2008 C20C) bit allocation . . . . . 322
Table 268. USB Device Interrupt Set register (USBDevIntSet
- address 0x2008 C20C) bit description. . . . . 323
Table 269. USB Device Interrupt Priority register
(USBDevIntPri - address 0x2008 C22C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Table 270. USB Endpoint Interrupt Status register
(USBEpIntSt - address 0x2008 C230) bit
allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Table 271. USB Endpoint Interrupt Status register
(USBEpIntSt - address 0x2008 C230) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Table 272. USB Endpoint Interrupt Enable register
(USBEpIntEn - address 0x2008 C234) bit
allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Table 273. USB Endpoint Interrupt Enable register
(USBEpIntEn - address 0x2008 C234) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Table 274. USB Endpoint Interrupt Clear register
(USBEpIntClr - address 0x2008 C238) bit
allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Table 275. USB Endpoint Interrupt Clear register
(USBEpIntClr - address 0x2008 C238) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Table 276. USB Endpoint Interrupt Set register
(USBEpIntSet - address 0x2008 C23C) bit
allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Table 277. USB Endpoint Interrupt Set register
(USBEpIntSet - address 0x2008 C23C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Table 278. USB Endpoint Interrupt Priority register
(USBEpIntPri - address 0x2008 C240) bit
allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Table 279. USB Endpoint Interrupt Priority register
(USBEpIntPri - address 0x2008 C240) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Table 280. USB Realize Endpoint register (USBReEp address 0x2008 C244) bit allocation . . . . . . . 328
Table 281. USB Realize Endpoint register (USBReEp address 0x2008 C244) bit description . . . . . . 329
Table 282. USB Endpoint Index register (USBEpIn - address
0x2008 C248) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Table 283. USB MaxPacketSize register (USBMaxPSize address 0x2008 C24C) bit description. . . . . . 330
Table 284. USB Receive Data register (USBRxData address 0x2008 C218) bit description . . . . . . 331
Table 285. USB Receive Packet Length register
(USBRxPlen - address 0x2008 C220) bit

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description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331
Table 286. USB Transmit Data register (USBTxData address 0x2008 C21C) bit description . . . . . .331
Table 287. USB Transmit Packet Length register
(USBTxPLen - address 0x2008 C224) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332
Table 288. USB Control register (USBCtrl - address
0x2008 C228) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .332
Table 289. USB Command Code register (USBCmdCode address 0x2008 C210) bit description . . . . . .333
Table 290. USB Command Data register (USBCmdData address 0x2008 C214) bit description . . . . . .333
Table 291. USB DMA Request Status register (USBDMARSt
- address 0x2008 C250) bit allocation . . . . . .334
Table 292. USB DMA Request Status register (USBDMARSt
- address 0x2008 C250) bit description . . . . .334
Table 293. USB DMA Request Clear register (USBDMARClr
- address 0x2008 C254) bit description . . . . .335
Table 294. USB DMA Request Set register (USBDMARSet address 0x2008 C258) bit description . . . . . .335
Table 295. USB UDCA Head register (USBUDCAH address 0x2008 C280) bit description . . . . . .335
Table 296. USB EP DMA Status register (USBEpDMASt address 0x2008 C284) bit description . . . . . .336
Table 297. USB EP DMA Enable register (USBEpDMAEn address 0x2008 C288) bit description . . . . . .336
Table 298. USB EP DMA Disable register (USBEpDMADis address 0x2008 C28C) bit description . . . . . .336
Table 299. USB DMA Interrupt Status register
(USBDMAIntSt - address 0x2008 C290) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337
Table 300. USB DMA Interrupt Enable register
(USBDMAIntEn - address 0x2008 C294) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337
Table 301. USB End of Transfer Interrupt Status register
(USBEoTIntSt - address 0x2008 C2A0) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337
Table 302. USB End of Transfer Interrupt Clear register
(USBEoTIntClr - address 0x2008 C2A4) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338
Table 303. USB End of Transfer Interrupt Set register
(USBEoTIntSet - address 0x2008 C2A8) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338
Table 304. USB New DD Request Interrupt Status register
(USBNDDRIntSt - address 0x2008 C2AC) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338
Table 305. USB New DD Request Interrupt Clear register
(USBNDDRIntClr - address 0x2008 C2B0) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338
Table 306. USB New DD Request Interrupt Set register
(USBNDDRIntSet - address 0x2008 C2B4) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339
Table 307. USB System Error Interrupt Status register
(USBSysErrIntSt - address 0x2008 C2B8) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339
Table 308. USB System Error Interrupt Clear register
(USBSysErrIntClr - address 0x2008 C2BC) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339
UM10470

User manual

Table 309. USB System Error Interrupt Set register

(USBSysErrIntSet - address 0x2008 C2C0) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Table 310. SIE command code table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Table 311. Set Address command bit description . . . . . . 344
Table 312. Configure Device command bit description. . 345
Table 313. Set Mode command bit description. . . . . . . . 345
Table 314. Set Device Status command bit description . 346
Table 315. Get Error Code command bit description . . . 348
Table 316. Read Error Status command bit description . 348
Table 317. Select Endpoint command bit description . . . 349
Table 318. Set Endpoint Status command bit description350
Table 319. Clear Buffer command bit description . . . . . . 351
Table 320. DMA descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Table 321. USB (OHCI) related acronyms and abbreviations
used in this chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Table 322. USB OTG port pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Table 323. USB Host register address definitions . . . . . 375
Table 324. USB OTG port 1 pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Table 325. USB OTG and I2C register address definitions .
384
Table 326. USB Interrupt Status register - (USBIntSt address 0x2008 C1C0) bit description. . . . . . 384
Table 327. OTG Interrupt Status register (OTGIntSt address 0x2008 C100) bit description . . . . . . 385
Table 328. OTG Status Control register (OTGStCtrl - address
0x2008 C110) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Table 329. OTG Timer register (OTGTmr - address
0x2008 C114) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Table 330. OTG clock control register (OTGClkCtrl - address
0x2008 CFF4) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Table 331. OTG clock status register (OTGClkSt - address
0x2008 CFF8) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Table 332. I2C Receive register (I2C_RX - address
0x2008 C300) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Table 333. I2C Transmit register (I2C_TX - address
0x2008 C300) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Table 334. I2C status register (I2C_STS - address
0x2008 C304) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Table 335. I2C Control register (I2C_CTL - address
0x2008 C308) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Table 336. I2C_CLKHI register (I2C_CLKHI - address
0x2008 C30C) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Table 337. I2C_CLKLO register (I2C_CLKLO - address
0x2008 C310) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Table 338. SD/MMC card interface pin description. . . . . 408
Table 339. Command format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Table 340. Simple response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Table 341. Long response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Table 342. Command path status flags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Table 343. CRC token status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Table 344. Data path status flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Table 345. Transmit FIFO status flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Table 346. Receive FIFO status flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Table 347. Summary of SD card interface registers . . . . 420
Table 348: Power Control register (MCIPWR - address
0x400C 0000) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Table 349: Clock Control register (MCIClock - address

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0x400C 0004) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .421

Table 350: Argument register (MCIArgument - address
0x400C 0008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .422
Table 351: Command register (MCICommand - address
0x400C 000C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .422
Table 352: Command Response Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . .422
Table 353: Command Response register
(MCIRespCommand - address 0x400C 0010) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423
Table 354: Response registers (MCIResponse0-3 addresses 0x400C 0014, 0x400C 0018,
0x400C 001C and 0x400C 0020) bit description .
423
Table 355: Response Register Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423
Table 356: Data Timer register (MCIDataTimer - address
0x400C 0024) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .423
Table 357: Data Length register (MCIDataLength - address
0x400C 0028) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .424
Table 358: Data Control register (MCIDataCtrl - address
0x400C 002C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .424
Table 359: Data Block Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425
Table 360: Data Counter register (MCIDataCnt - address
0x400C 0030) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .425
Table 361: Status register (MCIStatus - address
0x400C 0034) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .425
Table 362: Clear register (MCIClear - address 0x400C 0038)
bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426
Table 363: Interrupt Mask registers (MCIMask0 - address
0x400C 003C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .427
Table 364: FIFO Counter register (MCIFifoCnt - address
0x400C 0048) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .427
Table 365: Data FIFO register (MCIFIFO - address
0x400C 0080 to 0x400C 00BC) bit description. . .
428
Table 366: UART1 Pin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432
Table 367: UART1 register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433
Table 368: UART1 Receiver Buffer Register (U1RBR address 0x4001 0000 when DLAB = 0) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434
Table 369: UART1 Transmitter Holding Register (U1THR address 0x4001 0000 when DLAB = 0) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434
Table 370: UART1 Divisor Latch LSB Register (U1DLL address 0x4001 0000 when DLAB = 1) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435
Table 371: UART1 Divisor Latch MSB Register (U1DLM address 0x4001 0004 when DLAB = 1) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435
Table 372: UART1 Interrupt Enable Register (U1IER address 0x4001 0004 when DLAB = 0) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435
Table 373: UART1 Interrupt Identification Register (U1IIR address 0x4001 0008) bit description. . . . . . .436
Table 374: UART1 Interrupt Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437
Table 375: UART1 FIFO Control Register (U1FCR - address
0x4001 0008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .438
Table 376: UART1 Line Control Register (U1LCR - address
0x4001 000C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .439
UM10470

User manual

Table 377: UART1 Modem Control Register (U1MCR address 0x4001 0010) bit description . . . . . . 440
Table 378: Modem status interrupt generation . . . . . . . . 441
Table 379: UART1 Line Status Register (U1LSR - address
0x4001 0014) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Table 380: UART1 Modem Status Register (U1MSR address 0x4001 0018) bit description . . . . . . 443
Table 381: UART1 Scratch Pad Register (U1SCR - address
0x4001 0014) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Table 382: Auto-baud Control Register (U1ACR - address
0x4001 0020) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Table 383: UART1 Fractional Divider Register (U1FDR address 0x4001 0028) bit description . . . . . . 448
Table 384. Fractional Divider setting look-up table . . . . . 450
Table 385: UART1 Transmit Enable Register (U1TER address 0x4001 0030) bit description . . . . . . 451
Table 386: UART1 RS485 Control register (U1RS485CTRL address 0x4001 004C) bit description . . . . . . 451
Table 387. UART1 RS-485 Address Match register
(U1RS485ADRMATCH - address 0x4001 0050)
bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
Table 388. UART1 RS-485 Delay value register
(U1RS485DLY - address 0x4001 0054) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
Table 389: UARTn Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Table 390. UART0/2/3 Register Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Table 391: UARTn Receiver Buffer Register (U0RBR address 0x4000 C000, U2RBR - 0x4009 8000,
U3RBR - 04009 C000 when DLAB = 0) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
Table 392: UARTn Transmit Holding Register (U0THR address 0x4000 C000, U2THR - 0x4009 8000,
U3THR - 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 0) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Table 393: UARTn Divisor Latch LSB register (U0DLL address 0x4000 C000, U2DLL - 0x4009 8000,
U3DLL - 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 1) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Table 394: UARTn Divisor Latch MSB register (U0DLM address 0x4000 C004, U2DLL - 0x4009 8004,
U3DLL - 0x4009 C004 when DLAB = 1) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Table 395: UARTn Interrupt Enable Register (U0IER address 0x4000 C004, U2IER - 0x4009 8004,
U3IER - 0x4009 C004 when DLAB = 0) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Table 396: UARTn Interrupt Identification Register (U0IIR address 0x4000 C008, U2IIR - 0x4009 8008,
U3IIR - 0x4009 C008) bit description. . . . . . . 460
Table 397: UARTn Interrupt Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Table 398: UARTn FIFO Control Register (U0FCR - address
0x4000 C008, U2FCR - 0x4009 8008, U3FCR 0x4007 C008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Table 399: UARTn Line Control Register (U0LCR - address
0x4000 C00C, U2LCR - 0x4009 800C, U3LCR 0x4009 C00C) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Table 400: UARTn Line Status Register (U0LSR - address
0x4000 C014, U2LSR - 0x4009 8014, U3LSR -

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

0x4009 C014) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .464

Table 401: UARTn Scratch Pad Register (U0SCR - address
0x4000 C01C, U2SCR - 0x4009 801C, U3SCR 0x4009 C01C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .465
Table 402: UARTn Auto-baud Control Register (U0ACR address 0x4000 C020, U2ACR - 0x4009 8020,
U3ACR - 0x4009 C020) bit description. . . . . .466
Table 403: UARTn Fractional Divider Register (U0FDR address 0x4000 C028, U2FDR - 0x4009 8028,
U3FDR - 0x4009 C028) bit description. . . . . .469
Table 404. Fractional Divider setting look-up table . . . . .471
Table 405: UARTn Transmit Enable Register (U0TER address 0x4000 C030, U2TER - 0x4009 8030,
U3TER - 0x4009 C030) bit description . . . . . .472
Table 406: UARTn RS485 Control register (U0RS485CTRL address 0x4000 C04C, U2RS485CTRL 0x4009 804C, U3RS485CTRL - 0x4009 C04C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472
Table 407. UARTn RS-485 Address Match register
(U0RS485ADRMATCH - address 0x4000 C050,
U2RS485ADRMATCH - 0x4009 8050,
U3RS485ADRMATCH - 0x4009 C050) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473
Table 408. UARTn RS-485 Delay value register
(U0RS485DLY - address
0x4000 0054U2RS485DLY - 0x4009 8054,
U3RS485DLY - 0x4009 C054) bit description 473
Table 409: UART4 Pin description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477
Table 410. UART4 Register Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478
Table 411: UART4 Receiver Buffer Register (U4RBR 0x400A 4000 when DLAB = 0) bit description . . .
479
Table 412: UART4 Transmit Holding Register (U4THR 0x400A 4000 when DLAB = 0) bit description 479
Table 413: UART4 Divisor Latch LSB register (U4DLL 0x400A 4000 when DLAB = 1) bit description 480
Table 414: UART4 Divisor Latch MSB register (U4DLL 0x400A 4004 when DLAB = 1) bit description 480
Table 415: UART4 Interrupt Enable Register (U4IER 0x400A 4004 when DLAB = 0) bit description 480
Table 416: UART4 Interrupt Identification Register (U4IIR 0x400A 4008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .481
Table 417: UART4 Interrupt Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482
Table 418: UART4 FIFO Control Register (U4FCR 0x400A 4008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .482
Table 419: UART4 Line Control Register (U4LCR 0x400A 400C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .483
Table 420: UART4 Line Status Register (U4LSR 0x400A 4014) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .484
Table 421: UART4 Scratch Pad Register (U4SCR 0x400A 401C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .485
Table 422: UART4 Auto-baud Control Register (U4ACR 0x400A 4020) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .486
Table 423: UART4 IrDA Control Register (U4ICR 0x400A 4024) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .488
Table 424: IrDA Pulse Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489
Table 425: UART4 Fractional Divider Register (U4FDR 0x400A 4028) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .489
UM10470

User manual

Table 426. Fractional Divider setting look-up table . . . . . 492

Table 427. UART4 Oversampling Register (U4OSR 0x400A 402C) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Table 428. UART4 Smart Card Interface Control register
(U4SCICTRL - 0x400A 4048) bit description 493
Table 429: UART4 RS485 Control register (U4RS485CTRL 0x400A 404C) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Table 430. UART4 RS-485 Address Match register
(U4RS485ADRMATCH - 0x400A 4050) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Table 431. UART4 RS-485 Delay value register
(U4RS485DLY - 0x400A 4054) bit description495
Table 432. UART4 Synchronous mode control register
(U4SYNCCTRL - 0x400A 4058) bit description . .
497
Table 433: UART4 Transmit Enable Register (U4TER 0x400A 4030) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Table 434. CAN Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Table 435. Memory map of the CAN block . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Table 436. CAN acceptance filter and central CAN registers
506
Table 437. CAN1 and CAN2 controller register map . . . 506
Table 438. CAN1 and CAN2 controller register summary508
Table 439. CAN Wake and Sleep registers. . . . . . . . . . . 508
Table 440. CAN Mode register (CAN1MOD - address
0x4004 4000, CAN2MOD - address
0x4004 8000) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Table 441. CAN Command Register (CAN1CMR - address
0x4004 4004, CAN2CMR - address 0x4004 8004)
bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Table 442. CAN Global Status Register (CAN1GSR address 0x4004 4008, CAN2GSR - address
0x4004 8008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
Table 443. CAN Interrupt and Capture Register (CAN1ICR address 0x4004 400C, CAN2ICR - address
0x4004 800C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
Table 444. CAN Interrupt Enable Register (CAN1IER address 0x4004 4010, CAN2IER - address
0x4004 8010) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Table 445. CAN Bus Timing Register (CAN1BTR - address
0x4004 4014, CAN2BTR - address 0x4004 8014)
bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
Table 446. CAN Error Warning Limit register (CAN1EWL address 0x4004 4018, CAN2EWL - address
0x4004 8018) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
Table 447. CAN Status Register (CAN1SR - address
0x4004 401C, CAN2SR - address 0x4004 801C)
bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
Table 448. CAN Receive Frame Status register (CAN1RFS address 0x4004 4020, CAN2RFS - address
0x4004 8020) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
Table 449. CAN Receive Identifier register (CAN1RID address 0x4004 4024, CAN2RID - address
0x4004 8024) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Table 450. RX Identifier register when FF = 1 . . . . . . . . 523
Table 451. CAN Receive Data register A (CAN1RDA address 0x4004 4028, CAN2RDA - address
0x4004 8028) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

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UM10470

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

Table 452. CAN Receive Data register B (CAN1RDB address 0x4004 402C, CAN2RDB - address
0x4004 802C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .523
Table 453. CAN Transmit Frame Information register
(CAN1TFI[1/2/3] - address 0x4004 40[30/40/50],
CAN2TFI[1/2/3] - 0x4004 80[30/40/50]) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .524
Table 454. CAN Transfer Identifier register (CAN1TID[1/2/3]
- address 0x4004 40[34/44/54], CAN2TID[1/2/3] address 0x4004 80[34/44/54]) bit description.525
Table 455. Transfer Identifier register when FF = 1. . . . .525
Table 456. CAN Transmit Data register A (CAN1TDA[1/2/3] address 0x4004 40[38/48/58], CAN2TDA[1/2/3] address 0x4004 80[38/48/58]) bit description.526
Table 457. CAN Transmit Data register B (CAN1TDB[1/2/3] address 0x4004 40[3C/4C/5C], CAN2TDB[1/2/3] address 0x4004 80[3C/4C/5C]) bit description . . .
526
Table 458. CAN Sleep Clear register (CANSLEEPCLR address 0x400F C110) bit description . . . . . .526
Table 459. CAN Wake-up Flags register (CANWAKEFLAGS
- address 0x400F C114) bit description . . . . .527
Table 460. Central Transit Status Register (CANTxSR address 0x4004 0000) bit description. . . . . . .528
Table 461. Central Receive Status Register (CANRxSR address 0x4004 0004) bit description. . . . . . .529
Table 462. Central Miscellaneous Status Register (CANMSR
- address 0x4004 0008) bit description . . . . .529
Table 463. Acceptance filter modes and access control .530
Table 464. Section configuration register settings . . . . . .531
Table 465. Acceptance Filter Mode Register (AFMR address 0x4003 C000) bit description . . . . . .533
Table 466. Standard Frame Individual Start Address register
(SFF_sa - address 0x4003 C004) bit description .
534
Table 467. Standard Frame Group Start Address register
(SFF_GRP_sa - address 0x4003 C008) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535
Table 468. Extended Frame Start Address register (EFF_sa
- address 0x4003 C00C) bit description . . . . .535
Table 469. Extended Frame Group Start Address register
(EFF_GRP_sa - address 0x4003 C010) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535
Table 470. End of AF Tables register (ENDofTable - address
0x4003 C014) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .536
Table 471. LUT Error Address register (LUTerrAd - address
0x4003 C018) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .536
Table 472. LUT Error register (LUTerr - address
0x4003 C01C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .536
Table 473. Global FullCAN Enable register (FCANIE address 0x4003 C020) bit description . . . . . .537
Table 474. FullCAN Interrupt and Capture register 0
(FCANIC0 - address 0x4003 C024) bit description
537
Table 475. FullCAN Interrupt and Capture register 1
(FCANIC1 - address 0x4003 C028) bit description
537
Table 476. Format of automatically stored Rx messages 540
UM10470

User manual

Table 477. FullCAN semaphore operation . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Table 478. Example of Acceptance Filter Tables and ID index
Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Table 479. Used ID-Look-up Table sections . . . . . . . . . . 553
Table 480. Used ID-Look-up Table sections . . . . . . . . . . 554
Table 481. SSP pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
Table 482. SSP Register Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Table 483: SSPn Control Register 0 (SSP0CR0 - address
0x4008 8000, SSP1CR0 - 0x4003 0000,
SSP2CR0 - 0x400A C000) bit description . . . 568
Table 484: SSPn Control Register 1 (SSP0CR1 - address
0x4008 8004, SSP1CR1 - 0x4003 0004,
SSP2CR1 - 0x400A C004) bit description . . . 569
Table 485: SSPn Data Register (SSP0DR - address
0x4008 8008, SSP1DR - 0x4003 0008, SSP2DR 0x400A C008) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Table 486: SSPn Status Register (SSP0SR - address
0x4008 800C, SSP1SR - 0x4003 000C, SSP2SR
- 0x400A C00C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Table 487: SSPn Clock Prescale Register (SSP0CPSR address 0x4008 8010, SSP1CPSR 0x4003 0010, SSP2CPSR - 0x400A C010) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Table 488: SSPn Interrupt Mask Set/Clear register
(SSP0IMSC - address 0x4008 8014, SSP1IMSC 0x4003 0014, SSP2IMSC - 0x400A C014) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Table 489: SSPn Raw Interrupt Status register (SSP0RIS address 0x4008 8018, SSP1RIS - 0x4003 0018,
SSP2RIS - 0x400A C018) bit description . . . 571
Table 490: SSPn Masked Interrupt Status register (SSP0MIS
-address 0x4008 801C, SSP1MIS - 0x4003 001C,
SSP2MIS - 0x400A C01C) bit description . . . 571
Table 491: SSPn interrupt Clear Register (SSP0ICR address 0x4008 8020, SSP1ICR - 0x4003 0020,
SSP2ICR - 0x400A C020) bit description . . . 572
Table 492: SSPn DMA Control Register (SSP0DMACR address 0x4008 8024, SSP1DMACR 0x4003 0024, SSP2DMACR - 0x400A C024) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
Table 493. I2C Pin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
Table 494. I2C0CONSET and I2C1CONSET used to
configure Master mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Table 495. I2C0CONSET and I2C1CONSET used to
configure Slave mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Table 496. I2C register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Table 497. I2C Control Set register (I2CONSET: I2C0,
I2C0CONSET - address 0x4001 C000, I2C1,
I2C1CONSET - address 0x4005 C000, I2C2,
I2C2CONSET - address 0x400A 0000) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Table 498. I2C Control Clear register (I2CONCLR: I2C0,
I2C0CONCLR - 0x4001 C018; I2C1,
I2C1CONCLR - 0x4005 C018; I2C2,
I2C2CONCLR - 0x400A 0018) bit description 588
Table 499. I2C Status register (I2STAT: I2C0, I2C0STAT 0x4001 C004; I2C1, I2C1STAT - 0x4005 C004;
I2C2, I2C2STAT - 0x400A 0004) bit description. .

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UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

589
Table 500. I2C Data register (I2DAT: I2C0, I2C0DAT 0x4001 C008; I2C1, I2C1DAT - 0x4005 C008;
I2C2, I2C2DAT - 0x400A 0008) bit description589
Table 501. I2C Monitor mode control register (I2MMCTRL:
I2C0, I2C0MMCTRL - 0x4001 C01C; I2C1,
I2C1MMCTRL- 0x4005 C01C; I2C2,
I2C2MMCTRL- 0x400A 001C) bit description 590
Table 502. I2C Data buffer register (I2DATA_BUFFER: I2C0,
I2CDATA_BUFFER - 0x4001 C02C; I2C1,
I2C1DATA_BUFFER- 0x4005 C02C; I2C2,
I2C2DATA_BUFFER- 0x400A 002C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .591
Table 503. I2C Slave Address registers (I2ADR0 to 3: I2C0,
I2C0ADR[0, 1, 2, 3]- 0x4001 C0[0C, 20, 24, 28];
I2C1, I2C1ADR[0, 1, 2, 3] - address
0x4005 C0[0C, 20, 24, 28]; I2C2, I2C2ADR[0, 1, 2,
3] - address 0x400A 00[0C, 20, 24, 28]) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .592
Table 504. I2C Mask registers (I2MASK0 to 3: I2C0,
I2C0MASK[0, 1, 2, 3] - 0x4001 C0[30, 34, 38, 3C];
I2C1, I2C1MASK[0, 1, 2, 3] - address
0x4005 C0[30, 34, 38, 3C]; I2C2, I2C2MASK[0, 1,
2, 3] - address 0x400A 00[30, 34, 38, 3C]) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .592
Table 505. I2C SCL HIGH Duty Cycle register (I2SCLH: I2C0,
I2C0SCLH - address 0x4001 C010; I2C1,
I2C1SCLH - address 0x4005 C010; I2C2,
I2C2SCLH - 0x400A 0010) bit description . . .593
Table 506. I2C SCL Low duty cycle register (I2SCLL: I2C0 I2C0SCLL: 0x4001 C014; I2C1 - I2C1SCLL:
0x4005 C014; I2C2 - I2C2SCLL: 0x400A 0014) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593
Table 507. Example I2C clock rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .593
Table 508. Abbreviations used to describe an I2C operation.
595
Table 509. I2CONSET used to initialize Master Transmitter
mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596
Table 510. I2CONSET used to initialize Slave Receiver
mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600
Table 511. Master Transmitter mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603
Table 512. Master Receiver mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604
Table 513. Slave Receiver mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605
Table 514. Slave Transmitter mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607
Table 515. Miscellaneous States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608
Table 516. Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621
Table 517. I2S register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .622
Table 518: Digital Audio Output register (I2SDAO - address
0x400A 8000) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .623
Table 519: Digital Audio Input register (I2SDAI - address
0x400A 8004) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .623
Table 520: Transmit FIFO register (I2STXFIFO - address
0x400A 8008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .623
Table 521: Receive FIFO register (I2RXFIFO - address
0x400A 800C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .624
Table 522: Status Feedback register (I2SSTATE - address
0x400A 8010) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .624
Table 523: DMA Configuration register 1 (I2SDMA1 UM10470

User manual

address 0x400A 8014) bit description . . . . . . 624

Table 524: DMA Configuration register 2 (I2SDMA2 address 0x400A 8018) bit description . . . . . . 625
Table 525: Interrupt Request Control register (I2SIRQ address 0x400A 801C) bit description . . . . . . 625
Table 526: Transmit Clock Rate register (I2TXRATE address 0x400A 8020) bit description . . . . . . 626
Table 527: Receive Clock Rate register (I2SRXRATE address 0x400A 8024) bit description . . . . . . 627
Table 528: Transmit Clock Bit Rate register (I2TXBITRATE address 0x400A 8028) bit description . . . . . . 627
Table 529: Receive Clock Rate Bit register (I2SRXBITRATE
- address 0x400A 802C) bit description. . . . . 627
Table 530: Transmit Mode Control register (I2STXMODE 0x400A 8030) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
Table 531: Receive Mode Control register (I2SRXMODE 0x400A 8034) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
Table 532: I2S transmit modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
Table 533: I2S receive modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634
Table 534. Conditions for FIFO level comparison . . . . . . 638
Table 535. DMA and interrupt request generation . . . . . 638
Table 536. Status feedback in the I2SSTATE register . . 638
Table 537. Timer/Counter pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Table 538. TIMER/COUNTER0-3 register map . . . . . . . 644
Table 539. Interrupt Register (T[0/1/2/3]IR - addresses
0x4000 4000, 0x4000 8000, 0x4009 0000,
0x4009 4000) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Table 540. Timer Control Register (TCR, TIMERn: TnTCR addresses 0x4000 4004, 0x4000 8004,
0x4009 0004, 0x4009 4004) bit description . . 646
Table 541. Count Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]CTCR addresses 0x4000 4070, 0x4000 8070,
0x4009 0070, 0x4009 4070) bit description . . 646
Table 542. Match Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]MCR addresses 0x4000 4014, 0x4000 8014,
0x4009 0014, 0x4009 4014) bit description . . 648
Table 543. Capture Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]CCR addresses 0x4000 4028, 0x4000 8020,
0x4009 0028, 0x4009 4028) bit description . . 649
Table 544. External Match Register (T[0/1/2/3]EMR addresses 0x4000 403C, 0x4000 803C,
0x4009 003C, 0x4009 403C) bit description . 650
Table 545. External Match Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Table 546. System Tick Timer register map . . . . . . . . . . 654
Table 547. System Timer Control and status register
(STCTRL - 0xE000 E010) bit description. . . . 654
Table 548. System Timer Reload value register (STRELOAD
- 0xE000 E014) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Table 549. System Timer Current value register (STCURR 0xE000 E018) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Table 550. System Timer Calibration value register
(STCALIB - 0xE000 E01C) bit description . . . 656
Table 551. Set and reset inputs for PWM Flip-Flops. . . . 662
Table 552. Pin summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Table 553. PWM0 and PWM1 register map . . . . . . . . . . 664
Table 554: PWM Interrupt Register (PWM0IR - 0x4001 4000
and PWM1IR - 0x4001 8000) bit description . 665
Table 555: PWM Timer Control Register (PWM0TCR -

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UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

0x4001 4004 PWM1TCR - 0x4001 8004) bit

description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .665
Table 556: PWM Count control Register (PWM0CTCR 0x4001 4070 and PWM1CTCR - 0x4001 8070) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .666
Table 557: Match Control Register (PWM0MCR 0x4001 4014 and PWM1MCR - 0x4001 8014) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .667
Table 558: PWM Capture Control Register (PWM0CCR 0x4001 4028 and PWM1CCR - 0x4001 8028) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .669
Table 559: PWM Control Registers (PWMPCR 0x4001 404C and PWM1PCR - 0x4001 804C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .670
Table 560: PWM Latch Enable Register (PWM0LER 0x4001 4050 and PWM1LER - 0x4001 8050) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .671
Table 561. Pin summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .673
Table 562. Motor Control Pulse Width Modulator (MCPWM)
register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .676
Table 563. MCPWM Control read address (MCCON 0x400B 8000) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .677
Table 564. MCPWM Control set address (MCCON_SET 0x400B 8004) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .678
Table 565. MCPWM Control clear address (MCCON_CLR 0x400B 8008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .679
Table 566. MCPWM Capture Control read address
(MCCAPCON - 0x400B 800C) bit description 680
Table 567. MCPWM Capture Control set address
(MCCAPCON_SET - 0x400B 8010) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .681
Table 568. MCPWM Capture control clear register
(MCCAPCON_CLR - address 0x400B 8014) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .681
Table 569. Motor Control PWM interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . .682
Table 570. Interrupt sources bit allocation table . . . . . . .682
Table 571. MCPWM Interrupt Enable read address
(MCINTEN - 0x400B 8050) bit description . . .682
Table 572. PWM interrupt enable set register
(MCINTEN_SET - address 0x400B 8054) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .682
Table 573. PWM interrupt enable clear register
(MCINTEN_CLR - address 0x400B 8058) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .683
Table 574. MCPWM Interrupt Flags read address (MCINTF 0x400B 8068) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .683
Table 575. MCPWM Interrupt Flags set address
(PWMINTF_SET - 0x400B 806C) bit description .
683
Table 576. MCPWM Interrupt Flags clear address
(PWMINTF_CLR - 0x400B 8070) bit description .
683
Table 577. MCPWM Count Control read address
(MCCNTCON - 0x400B 805C) bit description 684
Table 578. MCPWM Count Control set address
(MCCNTCON_SET - 0x400B 8060) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .685
Table 579. MCPWM Count Control clear address
UM10470

User manual

(MCCAPCON_CLR - 0x400B 8064) bit

description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Table 580. MCPWM Timer/Counter 0-2 registers (MCTC0-2
- 0x400B 8018, 0x400B 801C, 0x400B 8020) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686
Table 581. MCPWM Limit 0-2 registers (MCLIM0-2 0x400B 8024, 0x400B 8028, 0x400B 802C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
Table 582. MCPWM Match 0-2 registers (MCMAT0-2 addresses 0x400B 8030, 0x400B 8034,
0x400B 8038) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
Table 583. MCPWM Dead-time register (MCDT - address
0x400B 803C) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
Table 584. MCPWM Commutation Pattern register (MCCP address 0x400B 8040) bit description . . . . . . 689
Table 585. MCPWM Capture read addresses (MCCAP0/1/2
- 0x400B 8044, 0x400B 8048, 0x400B 804C) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
Table 586. MCPWM Capture clear address (CAP_CLR 0x400B 8074) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
Table 587. Encoder states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
Table 588. Encoder state transitions[1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
Table 589. Encoder direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700
Table 590. QEI pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702
Table 591. Register summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703
Table 592: QEI Control register (QEICON - address
0x400B C000) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
Table 593: QEI Configuration register (QEICONF - address
0x400B C008) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
Table 594: QEI Status register (QEISTAT - address
0x400B C004) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
Table 595: QEI Position register (QEIPOS - address
0x400B C00C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
Table 596: QEI Maximum Position register (QEIMAXPOS address 0x400B C010) bit description . . . . . . 705
Table 597: QEI Position Compare register 0 (CMPOS0 address 0x400B C014) bit description . . . . . . 705
Table 598: QEI Position Compare register 1 (CMPOS1 address 0x400B C018) bit description . . . . . . 706
Table 599: QEI Position Compare register 2 (CMPOS2 address 0x400B C01C) bit description . . . . . 706
Table 600: QEI Index Count register (INXCNT - address
0x400B C020) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 706
Table 601: QEI Index Compare register 0 (INXCMP0 address 0x400B C024) bit description . . . . . . 706
Table 602: QEI Index Compare register 1 (INXCMP1 address 0x400B C04C) bit description . . . . . 706
Table 603: QEI Index Compare register 2 (INXCMP2 address 0x400B C050) bit description . . . . . . 707
Table 604: QEI Timer Load register (QEILOAD - address
0x400B C028) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
Table 605: QEI Timer register (QEITIME - address
0x400B C02C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
Table 606: QEI Velocity register (QEIVEL - address
0x400B C030) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
Table 607: QEI Velocity Capture register (QEICAP - address
0x400B C034) bit description. . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
Table 608: QEI Velocity Compare register (VELCOMP -

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NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

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address 0x400B C038) bit description . . . . . .708

Table 609: QEI Digital Filter ON PHA (FILTERPHA - address
0x400B C03C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .708
Table 610: QEI Digital Filter on PHB (FILTERPHB - address
0x400B C040) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .708
Table 611: QEI Digital Filter on INX (FILTERINX - address
0x400B C044) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .708
Table 612: QEI index acceptance Window (WINDOW address 0x400B C048) bit description . . . . . .708
Table 613: QEI Interrupt Status register (QEIINTSTAT address 0x400B CFE0) bit description . . . . . .709
Table 614: QEI Interrupt Set register (QEISET - address
0x400B CFEC) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . .710
Table 615: QEI Interrupt Clear register (QEICLR 0x400B CFE8) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
Table 616: QEI Interrupt Enable register (QEIIE - address
0x400B CFE4) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .712
Table 617: QEI Interrupt Enable Set register (QEIIES address 0x400B CFDC) bit description . . . . .713
Table 618: QEI Interrupt Enable Clear register (QEIIEC address 0x400B CFD8) bit description . . . . . .714
Table 619. RTC pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .717
Table 620. Real-Time Clock register map . . . . . . . . . . . .718
Table 621. Interrupt Location Register (ILR - address
0x4002 4000) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .719
Table 622. Clock Control Register (CCR - address
0x4002 4008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .719
Table 623. Counter Increment Interrupt Register (CIIR address 0x4002 400C) bit description . . . . . .720
Table 624. Alarm Mask Register (AMR - address
0x4002 4010) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .721
Table 625. RTC Auxiliary control register (RTC_AUX address 0x4002 405C) bit description . . . . . .721
Table 626. RTC Auxiliary Enable register (RTC_AUXEN address 0x4002 4058) bit description. . . . . . .721
Table 627. Consolidated Time register 0 (CTIME0 - address
0x4002 4014) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .722
Table 628. Consolidated Time register 1 (CTIME1 - address
0x4002 4018) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .722
Table 629. Consolidated Time register 2 (CTIME2 - address
0x4002 401C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .722
Table 630. Time Counter relationships and values . . . . .723
Table 631. Time Counter registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .723
Table 632. Calibration register (CALIBRATION - address
0x4002 4040) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .724
Table 633. General purpose registers 0 to 4 (GPREG0 to
GPREG4 - addresses 0x4002 4044 to
0x4002 4054) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .725
Table 634. Alarm registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .725
Table 635. Event Monitor/Recorder pin description. . . . .729
Table 636. Event Monitor/Recorder register map . . . . . .729
Table 637. Event Monitor/Recorder Control Register
(ERCONTROL - 0x4002 4084) bit description730
Table 638. Event Monitor/Recorder Status Register
(ERSTATUS - 0x4002 4080) bit description . .732
Table 639. Event Monitor/Recorder Counters Register
(ERCOUNTERS - 0x4002 4088) bit description . .
733
UM10470

User manual

Table 640. Event Monitor/Recorder First Stamp Register

(ERFIRSTSTAMP0 - 0x0x4002 4090,
ERFIRSTSTAMP1 - 0x0x4002 4094,
ERFIRSTSTAMP2 - 0x4002 4098) bit description
733
Table 641. Event Monitor/Recorder Last Stamp Register
(ERLASTSTAMP0 - 0x0x4002 40A0,
ERLASTSTAMP1 - 0x0x4002 40A4,
ERLASTSTAMP2 - 0x4002 40A8) bit description
734
Table 642. Watchdog register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738
Table 643: Watchdog Mode register (WDMOD 0x4000 0000) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738
Table 644. Watchdog operating modes selection . . . . . . 739
Table 645: Watchdog Timer Constant register (WDTC 0x4000 0004) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739
Table 646: Watchdog Feed register (WDFEED 0x4000 0008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740
Table 647: Watchdog Timer Value register (WDTV 0x4000 000C) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740
Table 648: Watchdog Timer Warning Interrupt register
(WDWINDOW - 0x4000 0014) bit description 740
Table 649: Watchdog Timer Window register (WDWINDOW
- 0x4000 0018) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . 740
Table 650. ADC pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744
Table 651. ADC registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745
Table 652: A/D Control Register (AD0CR - address
0x4003 4000) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746
Table 653: A/D Global Data Register (AD0GDR - address
0x4003 4004) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747
Table 654: A/D Interrupt Enable register (AD0INTEN address 0x4003 400C) bit description . . . . . . 748
Table 655: A/D Data Registers (AD0DR0 to AD0DR7 0x4003 4010 to 0x4003 402C) bit description 749
Table 656: A/D Status register (AD0STAT - address
0x4003 4030) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750
Table 657: A/D Trim register (ADTRM - address
0x4003 4034) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751
Table 658. D/A Pin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
Table 659. DAC registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
Table 660: D/A Converter Register (DACR - address
0x4008 C000) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
Table 661. D/A Control register (DACCTRL - address
0x4008 C004) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756
Table 662: D/A Converter Counter Value register
(DACCNTVAL - address 0x4008 C008) bit
description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756
Table 663. Endian behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
Table 664. DMA connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
Table 665. GPDMA register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765
Table 666. DMA Interrupt Status register (DMACIntStat 0x2008 0000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767
Table 667. DMA Interrupt Terminal Count Request Status
register (DMACIntTCStat - 0x2008 0004) . . . 767
Table 668. DMA Interrupt Terminal Count Request Clear
register (DMACIntTCClear - 0x2008 0008) . . 767
Table 669. DMA Interrupt Error Status register
(DMACIntErrStat - 0x2008 000C) . . . . . . . . . 768

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NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

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Table 670. DMA Interrupt Error Clear register

(DMACIntErrClr - 0x2008 0010) . . . . . . . . . .768
Table 671. DMA Raw Interrupt Terminal Count Status
register (DMACRawIntTCStat - 0x2008 0014) . . .
768
Table 672. DMA Raw Error Interrupt Status register
(DMACRawIntErrStat - 0x2008 0018) . . . . . .769
Table 673. DMA Enabled Channel register
(DMACEnbldChns - 0x2008 001C) . . . . . . . .769
Table 674. DMA Software Burst Request register
(DMACSoftBReq - 0x2008 0020) . . . . . . . . .769
Table 675. DMA Software Single Request register
(DMACSoftSReq - 0x2008 0024) . . . . . . . . .770
Table 676. DMA Software Last Burst Request register
(DMACSoftLBReq - 0x2008 0028) . . . . . . . .770
Table 677. DMA Software Last Single Request register
(DMACSoftLSReq - 0x2008 002C) . . . . . . . .770
Table 678. DMA Configuration register (DMACConfig 0x2008 0030) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .771
Table 679. DMA Synchronization register (DMACSync 0x2008 0034) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .771
Table 680. DMA Request Select register (DMACReqSel 0x400F C1C4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .772
Table 681. DMA Channel Source Address registers
(DMACCxSrcAddr - 0x2008 01x0) . . . . . . . . .773
Table 682. DMA Channel Destination Address registers
(DMACCxDestAddr - 0x2008 01x4) . . . . . . . .774
Table 683. DMA Channel Linked List Item registers
(DMACCxLLI - 0x2008 01x8) . . . . . . . . . . . . .774
Table 684. DMA channel control registers (DMACCxControl
- 0x2008 01xC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .775
Table 685. DMA Channel Configuration registers
(DMACCxConfig - 0x2008 01x0) . . . . . . . . . .777
Table 686. Transfer type bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .778
Table 687. DMA request signal usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .781
Table 688. Register overview: CRC engine. . . . . . . . . . .789
Table 689. CRC mode register (CRC_MODE - 0x2009 0000)
bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .789
Table 690. CRC seed register (CRC_SEED - 0x2009 0004)
bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .789
Table 691. CRC checksum register (CRC_SUM 0x2009 0008) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .789
Table 692. CRC data register (CRC_DATA - 0x2009 0008)
bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .790
Table 693. Register overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .793
Table 694. EEPROM command register (EECMD - address
0x0020 0080) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .794
Table 695. EEPROM address register (EEADDR - address
0x0020 0084) address description . . . . . . . . .794
Table 696. EEPROM write data register (EEWDATA address 0x0020 0088) bit description. . . . . . .795
Table 697. EEPROM read data register (EERDATA address 0x0020 008C) bit description . . . . . .795
Table 698. EEPROM wait state register (EEESTATE address 0x0020 0090) bit description. . . . . . .796
Table 699. EEPROM clock divider register (EECLKDIV address 0x0020 0094) bit description. . . . . . .796
Table 700. EEPROM power down/DCM register
UM10470

User manual

(EEPWRDWN - address 0x0020 0098) bit

description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796
Table 701. Interrupt enable register (EEINTEN - address
0x0020 0FE4) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
Table 702. Interrupt enable clear register (EEINTENCLR address 0x0020 0FD8) bit description . . . . . . 797
Table 703. Interrupt enable set register (EEINTENSET address 0x0020 0FDC) bit description. . . . . . 798
Table 704. Interrupt status register (EEINTSTAT - address
0x0020 0FE0) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798
Table 705. Interrupt status clear register (EEINTSTATCLR address 0x0020 0FE8) bit description . . . . . . 799
Table 706. Interrupt status set register (EEINTSTATSET address 0x0020 0FEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
Table 707. Sectors in a LPC178x/177x device . . . . . . . . 809
Table 708. Code Read Protection options . . . . . . . . . . . 810
Table 709. Code Read Protection hardware/software
interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811
Table 710. ISP command summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
Table 711. ISP Unlock command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
Table 712. ISP Set Baud Rate command . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
Table 713. Examples of supported ISP baud rates and PCLK
frequency (in MHz). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
Table 714. ISP Echo command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
Table 715. ISP Write to RAM command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
Table 716. ISP Read Memory command . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
Table 717. ISP Prepare sector(s) for write operation
command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
Table 718. ISP Copy command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
Table 719. ISP Go command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
Table 720. ISP Erase sector command . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
Table 721. ISP Blank check sector command . . . . . . . . 817
Table 722. ISP Read Part Identification command . . . . . 817
Table 723. LPC178x/177x part identification numbers . . 818
Table 724. ISP Read Boot Code version number command
818
Table 725. ISP Read device serial number command . . 818
Table 726. ISP Compare command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
Table 727. ISP Return Codes Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
Table 728. IAP Command Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
Table 729. IAP Prepare sector(s) for write operation
command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822
Table 730. IAP Copy RAM to Flash command . . . . . . . . 822
Table 731. IAP Erase Sector(s) command . . . . . . . . . . . 823
Table 732. IAP Blank check sector(s) command . . . . . . 823
Table 733. IAP Read part identification number command. .
823
Table 734. IAP Read Boot Code version number command
824
Table 735. IAP Read device serial number command . . 824
Table 736. IAP Compare command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824
Table 737. Re-invoke ISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825
Table 738. IAP Status Codes Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825
Table 739. Register overview: FMC (base address
0x0020 0000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826
Table 740. Flash Module Signature Start register
(FMSSTART - 0x0020 0020) bit description . 827
Table 741. Flash Module Signature Stop register (FMSSTOP

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Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1006 of 1035

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NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

- 0x0020 0024) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . .827

Table 742. FMSW0 register bit description (FMSW0,
address: 0x0020 002C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827
Table 743. FMSW1 register bit description (FMSW1,
address: 0x0020 0030) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827
Table 744. FMSW2 register bit description (FMSW2,
address: 0x0020 0034) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .828
Table 745. FMSW3 register bit description (FMSW3,
address: 0x0020 0038) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .828
Table 746. Flash module Status register (FMSTAT 0x0020 0FE0) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .828
Table 747. Flash Module Status Clear register (FMSTATCLR
- 0x0x0020 0FE8) bit description . . . . . . . . . .828
Table 748. JTAG pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .831
Table 749. Serial Wire Debug pin description . . . . . . . . .831
Table 750. Parallel Trace pin description. . . . . . . . . . . . .831
Table 751. Memory Mapping Control register (MEMMAP 0x400F C040) bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . .834
Table 752. Cortex-M3 instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .838
Table 753. CMSIS intrinsic functions to generate some
Cortex-M3 instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .841
Table 754. CMSIS intrinsic functions to access the special
registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .841
Table 755. Condition code suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .848
Table 756. Memory access instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . .851
Table 757. Offset ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .854
Table 758. Offset ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .860
Table 759. Data processing instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . .868
Table 760. Multiply and divide instructions . . . . . . . . . . .883
Table 761. Packing and unpacking instructions. . . . . . . .891
Table 762. Branch and control instructions . . . . . . . . . . .896
Table 763. Branch ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .897
Table 764. Miscellaneous instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .905
Table 765. Summary of processor mode, execution privilege
level, and stack use options . . . . . . . . . . . . . .919
Table 766. Core register set summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .919
Table 767. PSR register combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .921
Table 768. APSR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .922
Table 769. IPSR bit assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .923
Table 770. EPSR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .923
Table 771. PRIMASK register bit assignments . . . . . . . .924
Table 772. FAULTMASK register bit assignments. . . . . .924
Table 773. BASEPRI register bit assignments . . . . . . . .925
Table 774. CONTROL register bit assignments . . . . . . .925
Table 775. Memory access behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .930
Table 776. SRAM memory bit-banding regions . . . . . . . .932
Table 777. Peripheral memory bit-banding regions . . . . .932
Table 778. C compiler intrinsic functions for exclusive access
instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .935
Table 779. Properties of the different exception types. . .937
Table 780. Exception return behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .942
Table 781. Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .944
Table 782. Fault status and fault address registers . . . . .945
Table 783. Core peripheral register regions . . . . . . . . . .950
Table 784. NVIC register summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .951
Table 785. Mapping of interrupts to the interrupt variables . .
952
Table 786. ISER bit assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .952
UM10470

User manual

Table 787. ICER bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953

Table 788. ISPR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953
Table 789. ICPR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954
Table 790. IABR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954
Table 791. IPR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955
Table 792. STIR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955
Table 793. CMSIS functions for NVIC control. . . . . . . . . 957
Table 794. Summary of the system control block registers .
958
Table 795. ACTLR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959
Table 796. CPUID register bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . 959
Table 797. ICSR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960
Table 798. VTOR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962
Table 799. AIRCR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962
Table 800. Priority grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963
Table 801. SCR bit assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964
Table 802. CCR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965
Table 803. System fault handler priority fields . . . . . . . . 966
Table 804. SHPR1 register bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . 966
Table 805. SHPR2 register bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . 966
Table 806. SHPR3 register bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . 966
Table 807. SHCSR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967
Table 808. MMFSR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968
Table 809. BFSR bit assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969
Table 810. UFSR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971
Table 811. HFSR bit assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972
Table 812. MMFAR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972
Table 813. BFAR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973
Table 814. System timer registers summary. . . . . . . . . . 974
Table 815. SysTick CTRL register bit assignments . . . . 974
Table 816. LOAD register bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . 975
Table 817. VAL register bit assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . 975
Table 818. CALIB register bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . 975
Table 819. Memory attributes summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977
Table 820. MPU registers summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978
Table 821. TYPE register bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . 978
Table 822. MPU CTRL register bit assignments . . . . . . . 979
Table 823. RNR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980
Table 824. RBAR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981
Table 825. RASR bit assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982
Table 826. Example SIZE field values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982
Table 827. TEX, C, B, and S encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983
Table 828. Cache policy for memory attribute encoding. 983
Table 829. AP encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984
Table 830. Memory region attributes for a microcontroller . .
987
Table 831. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992

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40.4 Figures
Fig 1.
Fig 2.
Fig 3.
Fig 4.
Fig 5.
Fig 6.
Fig 7.
Fig 8.

Fig 9.
Fig 10.
Fig 11.
Fig 12.
Fig 13.
Fig 14.
Fig 15.
Fig 16.
Fig 17.
Fig 18.
Fig 19.
Fig 20.
Fig 21.
Fig 22.
Fig 23.
Fig 24.
Fig 25.
Fig 26.
Fig 27.
Fig 28.
Fig 29.
Fig 30.
Fig 31.
Fig 32.
Fig 33.
Fig 34.
Fig 35.
Fig 36.
Fig 37.
Fig 38.
Fig 39.
Fig 40.
Fig 41.
Fig 42.
Fig 43.
Fig 44.
Fig 45.
Fig 46.
Fig 47.
Fig 48.
Fig 49.

LPC178x/177x simplified block diagram . . . . . . .10

LPC178x/177x block diagram, CPU and buses. .13
LPC1788 system memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Reset block diagram including the wake-up timer22
Example of start-up after reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
External interrupt logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Clock generation for the LPC178x/177x . . . . . . .35
Oscillator modes and models: a) slave mode of
operation, b) oscillation mode of operation, c)
external crystal model used for CX1/X2 evaluation38
PLL1 block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
CLKOUT selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Simplified block diagram of the flash accelerator
showing potential bus connections . . . . . . . . . . .65
I/O configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
EMC block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
EMC programmable delays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
EMC delay calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
32 bit bank external memory interfaces ( bits
MW = 10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
16 bit bank external memory interfaces (bits
MW = 01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
8 bit bank external memory interface (bits MW = 00)
189
Typical memory configuration diagram . . . . . . .190
Ethernet block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Ethernet packet fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
Receive descriptor memory layout. . . . . . . . . . .222
Transmit descriptor memory layout . . . . . . . . . .225
Transmit example memory and registers. . . . . .238
Receive Example Memory and Registers . . . . .244
Transmit Flow Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249
Receive filter block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
Receive Active/Inactive state machine . . . . . . .255
Transmit Active/Inactive state machine . . . . . . .256
LCD controller block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272
Cursor movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280
Cursor clipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281
Cursor image format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282
Power-up and power-down sequences . . . . . . .287
Horizontal timing for STN displays. . . . . . . . . . .304
Vertical timing for STN displays . . . . . . . . . . . . .305
Horizontal timing for TFT displays . . . . . . . . . . .305
Vertical timing for TFT displays . . . . . . . . . . . . .306
USB device controller block diagram . . . . . . . . .313
USB MaxPacketSize register array indexing . . .330
Interrupt event handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342
UDCA Head register and DMA Descriptors . . . .357
Isochronous OUT endpoint operation example .364
Data transfer in ATLE mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365
USB Host controller block diagram . . . . . . . . . .373
USB OTG controller block diagram . . . . . . . . . .378
USB OTG port configuration: port U1 OTG dual-role
device, port U2 host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380
USB OTG port configuration: VP_VM mode . . .381
USB host port configuration: port U1 and U2 as

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hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Fig 50. USB device port configuration: port U1 host and port
U2 device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Fig 51. Port selection for PORT_FUNC bit 0 = 0 and
PORT_FUNC bit 1 = 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Fig 52. USB OTG interrupt handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Fig 53. USB OTG controller with software stack . . . . . . 395
Fig 54. Hardware support for B-device switching from
peripheral state to host state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Fig 55. State transitions implemented in software during
B-device switching from peripheral to host . . . . 397
Fig 56. Hardware support for A-device switching from host
state to peripheral state. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Fig 57. State transitions implemented in software during
A-device switching from host to peripheral . . . . 400
Fig 58. Clocking and power control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Fig 59. Secure digital memory card connection . . . . . . 408
Fig 60. Multimedia card system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Fig 61. SD card interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Fig 62. Command path state machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Fig 63. Command transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Fig 64. Data path state machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Fig 65. Pending command start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Fig 66. UART1 block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Fig 67. Auto-RTS Functional Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Fig 68. Auto-CTS Functional Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Fig 69. Auto-baud a) mode 0 and b) mode 1 waveform 447
Fig 70. Algorithm for setting UART dividers . . . . . . . . . 449
Fig 71. UART0, 2, and 3 block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Fig 72. Auto-baud a) mode 0 and b) mode 1 waveform 468
Fig 73. Algorithm for setting UART dividers . . . . . . . . . 470
Fig 74. UART 4 block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Fig 75. Auto-baud a) mode 0 and b) mode 1 waveform 488
Fig 76. Algorithm for setting UART dividers . . . . . . . . . 491
Fig 77. CAN controller block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Fig 78. Transmit buffer layout for standard and extended
frame format configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Fig 79. Receive buffer layout for standard and extended
frame format configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Fig 80. Global Self-Test (high-speed CAN Bus example) . .
505
Fig 81. Local self test (high-speed CAN Bus example). 505
Fig 82. Entry in FullCAN and individual standard identifier
tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Fig 83. Entry in standard identifier range table . . . . . . . 532
Fig 84. Entry in either extended identifier table . . . . . . . 532
Fig 85. ID Look-up table example explaining the search
algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
Fig 86. Semaphore procedure for reading an auto-stored
message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
Fig 87. FullCAN section example of the ID look-up table . .
544
Fig 88. FullCAN message object layout . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
Fig 89. Normal case, no messages lost . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
Fig 90. Message lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
Fig 91. Message gets overwritten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

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Fig 92. Message overwritten indicated by semaphore bits

and message lost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548
Fig 93. Message overwritten indicated by message lost549
Fig 94. Clearing message lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .550
Fig 95. Detailed example of acceptance filter tables and ID
index values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .552
Fig 96. ID Look-up table configuration example (no
FullCAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .554
Fig 97. ID Look-up table configuration example (FullCAN
activated and enabled) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556
Fig 98. Texas Instruments Synchronous Serial Frame
Format: a) Single and b) Continuous/back-to-back
Two Frames Transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560
Fig 99. SPI frame format with CPOL=0 and CPHA=0 (a)
Single and b) Continuous Transfer) . . . . . . . . . .561
Fig 100. SPI frame format with CPOL=0 and CPHA=1 . .562
Fig 101. SPI frame format with CPOL = 1 and CPHA = 0 (a)
Single and b) Continuous Transfer) . . . . . . . . . .563
Fig 102. SPI Frame Format with CPOL = 1 and CPHA = 1. .
564
Fig 103. Microwire frame format (single transfer) . . . . . .565
Fig 104. Microwire frame format (continuos transfers) . .566
Fig 105. Microwire frame format setup and hold details .566
Fig 106. I2C-bus configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575
Fig 107. Format in the Master Transmitter mode . . . . . .577
Fig 108. Format of Master Receiver mode . . . . . . . . . . .578
Fig 109. A Master Receiver switches to Master Transmitter
after sending repeated START . . . . . . . . . . . . .578
Fig 110. Format of Slave Receiver mode . . . . . . . . . . . .579
Fig 111. Format of Slave Transmitter mode . . . . . . . . . .580
Fig 112. I2C serial interface block diagram . . . . . . . . . . .581
Fig 113. Arbitration procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583
Fig 114. Serial clock synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583
Fig 115. Format and states in the Master Transmitter mode .
597
Fig 116. Format and states in the Master Receiver mode. . .
599
Fig 117. Format and states in the Slave Receiver mode.601
Fig 118. Format and states in the Slave Transmitter mode . .
602
Fig 119. Simultaneous repeated START conditions from two
masters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610
Fig 120. Forced access to a busy I2C-bus . . . . . . . . . . .610
Fig 121. Recovering from a bus obstruction caused by a
LOW level on SDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .610
Fig 122. Simple I2S configurations and bus timing . . . . .621
Fig 123. Typical transmitter master mode, with or without
MCLK output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632
Fig 124. Transmitter master mode sharing the receiver
reference clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632
Fig 125. 4-wire transmitter master mode sharing the receiver
bit clock and WS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632
Fig 126. Typical transmitter slave mode . . . . . . . . . . . . .632
Fig 127. Transmitter slave mode sharing the receiver
reference clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .632
Fig 128. 4-wire transmitter slave mode sharing the receiver
bit clock and WS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .633
Fig 129. Typical receiver master mode, with or without MCLK
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User manual

output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Fig 130. Receiver master mode sharing the transmitter
reference clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Fig 131. 4-wire receiver master mode sharing the transmitter
bit clock and WS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Fig 132. Typical receiver slave mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Fig 133. Receiver slave mode sharing the transmitter
reference clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Fig 134. 4-wire receiver slave mode sharing the transmitter
bit clock and WS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
Fig 135. I2S clocking and pin connections . . . . . . . . . . . 637
Fig 136. FIFO contents for various I2S modes . . . . . . . . 639
Fig 137. Timer block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642
Fig 138. A timer cycle in which PR=2, MRx=6, and both
interrupt and reset on match are enabled. . . . . 652
Fig 139. A timer Cycle in Which PR=2, MRx=6, and both
interrupt and stop on match are enabled . . . . . 652
Fig 140. System Tick Timer block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . 654
Fig 141. PWM block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Fig 142. Sample PWM waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662
Fig 143. MCPWM Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Fig 144. Edge-aligned PWM waveform without dead time,
POLA = 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
Fig 145. Center-aligned PWM waveform without dead time,
POLA = 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692
Fig 146. Edge-aligned PWM waveform with dead time,
POLA = 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692
Fig 147. Center-aligned waveform with dead time, POLA = 0
693
Fig 148. Three-phase DC mode sample waveforms . . . 695
Fig 149. Three-phase AC mode sample waveforms, edge
aligned PWM mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696
Fig 150. Encoder interface block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . 698
Fig 151. Quadrature Encoder Basic Operation. . . . . . . . 700
Fig 152. RTC domain conceptual diagram . . . . . . . . . . . 716
Fig 153. RTC functional block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716
Fig 154. Event Monitor/Recorder block diagram . . . . . . 728
Fig 155. Watchdog Timer block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . 737
Fig 156. Early Watchdog Feed with Windowed Mode
Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
Fig 157. Correct Watchdog Feed with Windowed Mode
Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
Fig 158. Watchdog Warning Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742
Fig 159. ADC block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744
Fig 160. DAC control with DMA interrupt and timer . . . . 754
Fig 161. DMA controller block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
Fig 162. LLI example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785
Fig 163. CRC block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
Fig 164. Starting a write operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801
Fig 165. (16-bit) write operations with post-incrementing of
address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801
Fig 166. Programming a page into memory . . . . . . . . . . 802
Fig 167. Starting a read operation (32-bit read from address
A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
Fig 168. Map of lower memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
Fig 169. Boot process flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808
Fig 170. IAP parameter passing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
Fig 171. Algorithm for generating a 128 bit signature. . . 829

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Fig 172. ARM Standard JTAG Connector . . . . . . . . . . . .832

Fig 173. Cortex Debug Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .833
Fig 174. Cortex Debug & ETM Connector. . . . . . . . . . . .833
Fig 175. Typical Cortex-M3 implementation . . . . . . . . . .835
Fig 176. ASR #3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .844
Fig 177. LSR#3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .845
Fig 178. LSL#3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .845
Fig 179. ROR#3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .846
Fig 180. RRX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .846
Fig 181. Bit-band mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .933
Fig 182. Vector table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .939

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

40.5 Contents
Chapter 1: Introductory information
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
5
1.6

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Part options summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Simplified block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Architectural overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.7
1.7.1

1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11

ARM Cortex-M3 processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Cortex-M3 Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . 11
System options: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Debug related options:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
On-chip flash memory system. . . . . . . . . . . . 12
On-chip Static RAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
On-chip EEPROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Detailed block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Chapter 2: LPC178x/7x Memory map

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2

Memory map and peripheral addressing. . . .

Memory maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On-chip peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AHB peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APB peripheral addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14
15
17
17
17

2.4

20
20
21
22

3.6
3.7
3.7.1
3.7.2

24
25

3.7.3

2.5
2.5.1

Memory re-mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Boot ROM re-mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
AHB arbitration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Matrix Arbitration register (Matrix_Arb - 0x400F
C188) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Chapter 3: LPC178x/7x System control

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.4.1
3.5
3.5.1
3.5.2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chip reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reset Source Identification Register (RSID 0x400F C180) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Peripheral reset control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reset control register 0 (RSTCON0 0x400F C1CC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reset control register 1 (RSTCON1 0x400F C1D0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25
26

3.7.4

3.8
3.8.1

Brown-out detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
External interrupt inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
External Interrupt flag register (EXTINT 0x400F C140) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
External Interrupt Mode register (EXTMODE 0x400F C148) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
External Interrupt Polarity register (EXTPOLAR 0x400F C14C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Other system controls and status flags . . . . 32
System Controls and Status register (SCS 0x400F C1A0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Chapter 4: LPC178x/7x Clocking and power control

4.1

Summary of clocking and power control

functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.2
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.3
Oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.3.1
Internal RC oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.3.2
Main oscillator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.3.2.1
Main oscillator startup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.3.3
RTC oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.3.4
Watchdog oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.4
Clock source selection multiplexer . . . . . . . . 40
4.4.1
Clock Source Selection register (CLKSRCSEL 0x400F C10C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.5
PLL0 and PLL1 (Phase Locked Loops) . . . . . 41
4.5.1
PLL and startup/boot code interaction . . . . . . 41
4.5.2
PLL register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.5.3
PLL Control registers (PLL0CON - 0x400F C080,
PLL1CON - 0x400F C0A0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

UM10470

User manual

4.5.4

PLL Configuration registers (PLL0CFG 0x400F C084, PLL1CFG - 0x400F C0A4) . . . 43

4.5.5
PLL Status registers (PLL0STAT - 0x400F C088,
PLL1STAT - 0x400F C0A8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.5.6
PLL Interrupts: PLOCK0 and PLOCK1 . . . . . 44
4.5.7
PLL Feed registers (PLL0FEED - 0x400F C08C,
PLL1FEED - 0x400F C0AC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.5.8
PLLs and Power-down mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.5.9
PLL frequency calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.5.10
Procedure for determining PLL settings. . . . . 46
4.5.11
PLL configuration sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
To set up a PLL and switch clocks to its
output: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
To switch clocks away from a PLL output:. . . . 48
4.5.12
PLL configuration examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.6
Clock selection and division . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.6.1
CPU Clock Selection register (CCLKSEL 0x400F C104) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

4.6.2
4.6.3
4.6.4

4.7
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.7.3
4.7.4
4.7.5
4.7.6
4.7.7

USB Clock Selection register (USBCLKSEL 0x400F C108) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

EMC Clock Selection register (EMCCLKSEL 0x400F C100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Peripheral Clock Selection register (PCLKSEL 0x400F C1A8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Power control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Sleep mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Deep Sleep mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Power-down mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Deep Power-down mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Peripheral power control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Power boost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

4.7.8

Power Mode Control register (PCON 0x400F C0C0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

4.7.8.1
Encoding of Reduced Power Modes . . . . . . . 57
4.7.9
Wake-up from Reduced Power Modes . . . . . 58
4.7.10
Power Control for Peripherals register (PCONP 0x400F C0C4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.7.11
Power control usage notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.7.12
Power Boost control register (PBOOST 0x400F C1B0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.7.12.1 Encoding of Reduced Power Modes . . . . . . . 60
4.7.13
Power domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.8
Wake-up timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.9
External clock output pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.9.1
Clock Output Configuration register
(CLKOUTCFG - 0x400F C1C8) . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Chapter 5: LPC178x/7x Flash accelerator

5.1
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flash accelerator blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flash memory bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flash programming Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65
65
65
66

5.3
5.4
5.5

Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Flash Accelerator Configuration register
(FLASHCFG - 0x400F C000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Chapter 6: LPC178x/7x Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC)

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.5.1
6.5.2
6.5.3
5.4
6.5.5
6.5.6
6.5.7
6.5.8
6.5.9

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Interrupt sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Vector table remapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Examples: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Interrupt Set-Enable Register 0 register (ISER0 0xE000 E100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Interrupt Set-Enable Register 1 register (ISER1 0xE000 E104) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Interrupt Clear-Enable Register 0 (ICER0 0xE000 E180) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Interrupt Clear-Enable Register 1 register (ICER1
- 0xE000 E184). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Interrupt Set-Pending Register 0 register (ISPR0 0xE000 E200) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Interrupt Set-Pending Register 1 register (ISPR1 0xE000 E204) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
. . . . . Interrupt Clear-Pending Register 0 register
(ICPR0 - 0xE000 E280) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
. . . . . Interrupt Clear-Pending Register 1 register
(ICPR1 - 0xE000 E284) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Interrupt Active Bit Register 0 (IABR0 0xE000 E300) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

6.5.10
6.5.11
6.5.12
6.5.13
6.5.14
6.5.15
6.5.16
6.5.17
6.5.18
6.5.19
6.5.20
6.5.21
6.5.22

Interrupt Active Bit Register 1 (IABR1 0xE000 E304) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Interrupt Priority Register 0
(IPR0 - 0xE000 E400) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupt Priority Register 1
(IPR1 - 0xE000 E404) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupt Priority Register 2
(IPR2 - 0xE000 E408) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupt Priority Register 3
(IPR3 - 0xE000 E40C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupt Priority Register 4
(IPR4 - 0xE000 E410) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupt Priority Register 5
(IPR5 - 0xE000 E414) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupt Priority Register 6
(IPR6 - 0xE000 E418) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupt Priority Register 7
(IPR7 - 0xE000 E41C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupt Priority Register 8
(IPR8 - 0xE000 E420) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupt Priority Register 9
(IPR9 - 0xE000 E424) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupt Priority Register 10 (IPR10 0xE000 E428) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Software Trigger Interrupt Register (STIR 0xE000 EF00) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83
84
84
84
85
85
85
86
86
86
87
87
87

Chapter 7: LPC178x/7x Pin configuration

7.1

LPC178x/177x pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . 88

7.2

Boot control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

8.2

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Chapter 8: LPC178x/7x I/O configuration

8.1

How to read this chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

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User manual

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

8.3
8.3.1
8.3.2
8.3.3
8.3.4
8.3.5
8.3.6
8.3.7
8.3.8
8.3.9
8.3.10
8.4

IOCON registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Multiple connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Pin function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Pin mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Hysteresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Input Inversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Analog/digital mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Input filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Output slew rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
I2C modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Open-Drain Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
DAC enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

8.4.1
8.4.1.1
8.4.1.2
8.4.1.3
8.4.1.4
8.4.1.5

I/O configuration register contents (IOCON) . 119

Type D IOCON registers (applies to most GPIO
port pins) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Type A IOCON registers (applies to pins that
include an analog function) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Type U IOCON registers (applies to pins that
include a USB D+ or D- function). . . . . . . . . 128
Type I IOCON registers (applies to pins that
include a specialized I2C function) . . . . . . . . 129
Type W IOCON registers (these pins are
otherwise the same as Type D, but include a
selectable input glitch filter, and default to
pull-down/pull-up disabled). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Chapter 9: LPC178x/7x GPIO

9.1
9.2
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.5.1

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Digital I/O ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Interrupt generating digital ports . . . . . . . . . . 131
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
GPIO port Direction register FIOxDIR (FIO0DIR to
FIO5DIR- 0x2009 8000 to 0x2009 80A0) . . . 134
9.5.2
GPIO port output Set register FIOxSET (FIO0SET
to FIO5SET - 0x2009 8018 to 0x2009 80B8) 135
9.5.3
GPIO port output Clear register FIOxCLR
(FIO0CLR to FIO5CLR- 0x2009 801C to
0x2009 80BC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
9.5.4
GPIO port Pin value register FIOxPIN (FIO0PIN to
FIO5PIN- 0x2009 8014 to 0x2009 80B4) . . . 138
9.5.5
Fast GPIO port Mask register FIOxMASK
(FIO0MASK to FIO5MASK - 0x2009 8010 to
0x2009 80B0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
9.5.6
GPIO interrupt registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
9.5.6.1
GPIO overall Interrupt Status register (IOIntStatus
- 0x4002 8080) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

9.5.6.2

GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 0 Rising Edge

(IO0IntEnR - 0x4002 8090) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
9.5.6.3
GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 2 Rising Edge
(IO2IntEnR - 0x4002 80B0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
9.5.6.4
GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 0 Falling Edge
(IO0IntEnF - 0x4002 8094) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
9.5.6.5
GPIO Interrupt Enable for port 2 Falling Edge
(IO2IntEnF - 0x4002 80B4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
9.5.6.6
GPIO Interrupt Status for port 0 Rising Edge
Interrupt (IO0IntStatR - 0x4002 8084) . . . . . 147
9.5.6.7
GPIO Interrupt Status for port 2 Rising Edge
Interrupt (IO2IntStatR - 0x4002 80A4) . . . . . 148
9.5.6.8
GPIO Interrupt Status for port 0 Falling Edge
Interrupt (IO0IntStatF - 0x4002 8088) . . . . . 149
9.5.6.9
GPIO Interrupt Status for port 2 Falling Edge
Interrupt (IO2IntStatF - 0x4002 80A8) . . . . . 150
9.5.6.10 GPIO Interrupt Clear register for port 0 (IO0IntClr
- 0x4002 808C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
9.5.6.11 GPIO Interrupt Clear register for port 0 (IO2IntClr
- 0x4002 80AC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
9.6
GPIO usage notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
9.6.1
Example: An instantaneous output of 0s and 1s on
a GPIO port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
9.6.2
Writing to FIOSET/FIOCLR vs. FIOPIN . . . . 153

Chapter 10: LPC178x/7x External Memory Controller (EMC)

10.1
How to read this chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.2
Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.3
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.4
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5
EMC functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5.1
AHB slave register interface . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5.2
AHB slave memory interface . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5.2.1 Memory transaction endianness. . . . . . . . . .
10.5.2.2 Memory transaction size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5.2.3 Write protected memory areas . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5.3
Pad interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5.4
Data buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5.4.1 Write buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5.4.2 Read buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.5.5
Memory controller state machine . . . . . . . . .
UM10470

User manual

154
155
155
156
157
157
158
158
158
158
158
158
158
159
159

10.5.6

Timing control with programmable delay

elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.6
Low-power operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.6.1
Low-power SDRAM Deep-sleep Mode . . . .
10.6.2
Low-power SDRAM partial array refresh . . .
10.7
Memory bank select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.8
EMC Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.9
Address shift mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.10 Memory mapped I/O and burst disable . . . .
10.11 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.12 Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.12.1 EMC Control register (EMCControl 0x2009 C000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

160
160
160
160
161
161
161
162
163
164
167

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

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NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

10.12.2
10.12.3
10.12.4
10.12.5
10.12.6
10.12.7
10.12.8

10.12.9
10.12.10
10.12.11

10.12.12
10.12.13

10.12.14
10.12.15
10.12.16

10.12.17

10.12.18

EMC Status register

(EMCStatus - 0x2009 C004). . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
EMC Configuration register (EMCConfig 0x2009 C008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Dynamic Memory Control register
(EMCDynamicControl - 0x2009 C020) . . . . . 168
Dynamic Memory Refresh Timer register
(EMCDynamicRefresh - 0x2009 C024) . . . . 169
Dynamic Memory Read Configuration register
(EMCDynamicReadConfig - 0x2009 C028) . 170
Dynamic Memory Precharge Command Period
register (EMCDynamictRP - 0x2009 C030) . 171
Dynamic Memory Active to Precharge Command
Period register (EMCDynamictRAS 0x2009 C034) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Dynamic Memory Self-refresh Exit Time register
(EMCDynamictSREX - 0x2009 C038) . . . . . 172
Dynamic Memory Last Data Out to Active Time
register (EMCDynamictAPR - 0x2009 C03C) 172
Dynamic Memory Data-in to Active Command
Time register (EMCDynamictDAL - 0x2009
C040) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Dynamic Memory Write Recovery Time register
(EMCDynamictWR - 0x2009 C044) . . . . . . . 173
Dynamic Memory Active to Active Command
Period register (EMCDynamictRC - 0x2009 C048)
174
Dynamic Memory Auto-refresh Period register
(EMCDynamictRFC - 0x2009 C04C) . . . . . . 174
Dynamic Memory Exit Self-refresh register
(EMCDynamictXSR - 0x2009 C050) . . . . . . 175
Dynamic Memory Active Bank A to Active Bank B
Time register (EMCDynamictRRD - 0x2009
C054) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Dynamic Memory Load Mode register to Active
Command Time (EMCDynamictMRD 0x2009 C058) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Static Memory Extended Wait register
(EMCStaticExtendedWait - 0x2009 C080) . . 176

10.12.19 Dynamic Memory Configuration registers

(EMCDynamicConfig0-3 - 0x2009 C100, 120,
140, 160) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
10.12.20 Dynamic Memory RAS & CAS Delay registers
(EMCDynamicRASCAS0-3 - 0x2009 C104, 124,
144, 164) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
10.12.21 Static Memory Configuration registers
(EMCStaticConfig0-3 - 0x2009 C200, 220, 240,
260) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
10.12.22 Static Memory Write Enable Delay registers
(EMCStaticWaitWen0-3 - 0x2009 C204, 224, 244,
264) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
10.12.23 Static Memory Output Enable Delay registers
(EMCStaticWaitOen0-3 - 0x2009 C208, 228, 248,
268) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
10.12.24 Static Memory Read Delay registers
(EMCStaticWaitRd0-3 - 0x2009 C20C, 22C, 24C,
26C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
10.12.25 Static Memory Page Mode Read Delay registers
(EMCStaticwaitPage0-3 - 0x2009 C210, 230, 250,
270) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
10.12.26 Static Memory Write Delay registers
(EMCStaticWaitWr0-3 - 0x2009 C214, 234, 254,
274) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
10.12.27 Static Memory Turn Round Delay registers
(EMCStaticWaitTurn0-3 - 0x2009 C218, 238, 258,
278) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
10.12.28 Delay Control register (EMCDLYCTL 0x400F C1DC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
10.12.29 EMC Calibration register (EMCCAL 0x400F C1E0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Procedure for calibrating programmable
delays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
10.13 External memory interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
10.13.1 32-bit wide memory bank connection . . . . . 187
10.13.2 16-bit wide memory bank connection . . . . . 188
10.13.3 8-bit wide memory bank connection . . . . . . 189
10.13.4 Memory configuration example . . . . . . . . . . 190

Chapter 11: LPC178x/7x Ethernet

11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.8.1
11.8.2
11.9
11.10
11.10.1
11.11

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architecture and operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DMA engine functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview of DMA operation . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ethernet packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example PHY Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Registers and software interface . . . . . . . . .
Register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ethernet MAC register definitions . . . . . . . .

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User manual

191
191
192
193
194
194
195
196
196
197
198
199
199
201

11.11.1
11.11.2
11.11.3
11.11.4
11.11.5
11.11.6
11.11.7
11.11.8
11.11.9

MAC Configuration Register 1 (MAC1 0x2008 4000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

MAC Configuration Register 2 (MAC2 0x2008 4004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Back-to-Back Inter-Packet-Gap Register (IPGT 0x2008 4008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Non Back-to-Back Inter-Packet-Gap Register
(IPGR - 0x2008 400C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Collision Window / Retry Register (CLRT 0x2008 4010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Maximum Frame Register (MAXF - 0x2008
4014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
PHY Support Register (SUPP - 0x2008
4018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Test Register (TEST - 0x2008 401C). . . . . . 204
MII Mgmt Configuration Register (MCFG 0x2008 4020) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1014 of 1035

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11.11.10 MII Mgmt Command Register (MCMD 0x2008 4024) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

11.11.11 MII Mgmt Address Register (MADR 0x2008 4028) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
11.11.12 MII Mgmt Write Data Register (MWTD 0x2008 402C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
11.11.13 MII Mgmt Read Data Register (MRDD 0x2008 4030) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
11.11.14 MII Mgmt Indicators Register (MIND 0x2008 4034) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
11.11.15 Station Address 0 Register (SA0 - 0x2008 4040) .
207
11.11.16 Station Address 1 Register (SA1 - 0x2008 4044) .
208
11.11.17 Station Address 2 Register (SA2 - 0x2008 4048) .
208
11.12
Control register definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
11.12.1 Command Register (Command - 0x2008 4100). .
209
11.12.2 Status Register (Status - 0x2008 4104) . . . . 209
11.12.3 Receive Descriptor Base Address Register
(RxDescriptor - 0x2008 4108). . . . . . . . . . . . 210
11.12.4 Receive Status Base Address Register (RxStatus
- 0x2008 410C). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
11.12.5 Receive Number of Descriptors Register
(RxDescriptor - 0x2008 4110). . . . . . . . . . . . 210
11.12.6 Receive Produce Index Register
(RxProduceIndex - 0x2008 4114) . . . . . . . . . 211
11.12.7 Receive Consume Index Register
(RxConsumeIndex - 0x2008 4118) . . . . . . . . 211
11.12.8 Transmit Descriptor Base Address Register
(TxDescriptor - 0x2008 411C). . . . . . . . . . . . 211
11.12.9 Transmit Status Base Address Register (TxStatus
- 0x2008 4120) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
11.12.10 Transmit Number of Descriptors Register
(TxDescriptorNumber - 0x2008 4124) . . . . . 212
11.12.11 Transmit Produce Index Register
(TxProduceIndex - 0x2008 4128) . . . . . . . . . 212
11.12.12 Transmit Consume Index Register
(TxConsumeIndex - 0x2008 412C). . . . . . . . 213
11.12.13 Transmit Status Vector 0 Register (TSV0 0x2008 4158) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
11.12.14 Transmit Status Vector 1 Register (TSV1 0x2008 415C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
11.12.15 Receive Status Vector Register (RSV 0x2008 4160) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
11.12.16 Flow Control Counter Register
(FlowControlCounter - 0x2008 4170) . . . . . . 215
11.12.17 Flow Control Status Register (FlowControlStatus 0x2008 4174) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
11.13 Receive filter register definitions . . . . . . . . . 217
11.13.1 Receive Filter Control Register (RxFilterCtrl 0x2008 4200) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

11.13.2

Receive Filter WoL Status Register

(RxFilterWoLStatus - 0x2008 4204) . . . . . . . 217
11.13.3 Receive Filter WoL Clear Register
(RxFilterWoLClear - 0x2008 4208) . . . . . . . 218
11.13.4 Hash Filter Table LSBs Register (HashFilterL 0x2008 4210) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
11.13.5 Hash Filter Table MSBs Register (HashFilterH 0x2008 4214) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
11.14 Module control register definitions . . . . . . . 219
11.14.1 Interrupt Status Register (IntStatus 0x2008 4FE0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
11.14.2 Interrupt Enable Register (IntEnable 0x2008 4FE4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
11.14.3 Interrupt Clear Register (IntClear - 0x2008 4FE8)
220
11.14.4 Interrupt Set Register (IntSet - 0x2008
4FEC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
11.14.5 Power-Down Register (PowerDown 0x2008 4FF4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
11.15 Descriptor and status formats . . . . . . . . . . . 222
11.15.1 Receive descriptors and statuses . . . . . . . . 222
11.15.2 Transmit descriptors and statuses . . . . . . . . 225
11.16 Ethernet block functional description. . . . . 228
11.16.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
11.16.2 AHB interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
11.17 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
11.17.1 Direct Memory Access (DMA) . . . . . . . . . . . 230
11.17.2 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
11.17.3 Transmit process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
11.17.4 Receive process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
11.17.5 Transmission retry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
11.17.6 Status hash CRC calculations . . . . . . . . . . . 246
11.17.7 Duplex modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
11.17.8 IEE 802.3/Clause 31 flow control. . . . . . . . . 247
11.17.9 Half-Duplex mode backpressure . . . . . . . . . 249
11.17.10 Receive filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
11.17.11 Power management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
11.17.12 Wake-up on LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
11.17.13 Enabling and disabling receive and transmit 254
11.17.14 Transmission padding and CRC . . . . . . . . . 256
11.17.15 Huge frames and frame length checking . . . 257
11.17.16 Statistics counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
11.17.17 MAC status vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
11.17.18 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
11.17.19 Ethernet errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
11.18 AHB bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
11.18.1 DMA access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
11.18.2 Types of CPU access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
11.18.3 Overall bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
11.19 CRC calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Chapter 12: LPC178x/7x LCD controller

12.1
12.2

How to read this chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

UM10470

User manual

12.3
12.4

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1015 of 1035

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

12.4.1
Programmable parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4.2
Hardware cursor support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4.3
Types of LCD panels supported . . . . . . . . . .
12.4.4
TFT panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4.5
Color STN panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.4.6
Monochrome STN panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.5
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.5.1
Signal usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.5.1.1 Signals used for single panel STN displays .
12.5.1.2 Signals used for dual panel STN displays . .
12.5.1.3 Signals used for TFT displays . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6
LCD controller functional description . . . . .
12.6.1
AHB interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.1.1 AMBA AHB slave interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.1.2 AMBA AHB master interface . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.2
Dual DMA FIFOs and associated control
logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.3
Pixel serializer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.4
RAM palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.5
Hardware cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.5.1 Cursor operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.5.2 Cursor sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.5.3 Cursor movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.5.4 Cursor XY positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.5.5 Cursor clipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.5.6 Cursor image format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.6
Gray scaler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.7
Upper and lower panel formatters . . . . . . . .
12.6.8
Panel clock generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.9
Timing controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.10 STN and TFT data select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.10.1 STN displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.10.2 TFT displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.11 Interrupt generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.11.1 Master bus error interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.11.2 Vertical compare interrupt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.11.2.1 Next base address update interrupt . . . . . .
12.6.11.2.2 FIFO underflow interrupt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.6.12 LCD power-up and power-down sequence .
12.7
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7.1
LCD Configuration register (LCD_CFG, RW 0x400F C1B8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7.2
Horizontal Timing register (LCD_TIMH, RW 0x2008 8000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7.2.1 Horizontal timing restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.7.3
Vertical Timing register (LCD_TIMV, RW 0x2008 8004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

266
267
267
267
268
268
269
269
269
269
270
271
272
272
272
273
273
277
279
279
279
280
280
281
281
284
284
285
285
285
285
285
285
286
286
286
286
286
288

12.7.4
12.7.5
12.7.6
12.7.7
12.7.8
12.7.9
12.7.10
12.7.11
12.7.12
12.7.13
12.7.14
12.7.15
12.7.16
12.7.17
12.7.18
12.7.19
12.7.20
12.7.21
12.7.22
12.7.23
12.7.24

289

12.7.25

289
289

12.7.26

290

12.8
12.9

Clock and Signal Polarity register (LCD_POL, RW

- 0x2008 8008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Line End Control register (LCD_LE, RW 0x2008 800C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Upper Panel Frame Base Address register
(LCD_UPBASE, RW - 0x2008 8010) . . . . . . 293
Lower Panel Frame Base Address register
(LCD_LPBASE, RW - 0x2008 8014) . . . . . . 293
LCD Control register (LCD_CTRL, RW 0x2008 8018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Interrupt Mask register (LCD_INTMSK, RW 0x2008 801C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Raw Interrupt Status register (LCD_INTRAW, RW
- 0x2008 8020). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Masked Interrupt Status register (LCD_INTSTAT,
RW - 0x2008 8024) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Interrupt Clear register (LCD_INTCLR, RW 0x2008 8028) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Upper Panel Current Address register
(LCD_UPCURR, RW - 0x2008 802C) . . . . . 297
Lower Panel Current Address register
(LCD_LPCURR, RW - 0x2008 8030). . . . . . 298
Color Palette registers (LCD_PAL, RW 0x2008 8200 to 0x2008 83FC) . . . . . . . . . . 298
Cursor Image registers (CRSR_IMG, RW 0x2008 8800 to 0x2008 8BFC) . . . . . . . . . . 299
Cursor Control register (CRSR_CTRL, RW 0x2008 8C00) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Cursor Configuration register (CRSR_CFG, RW 0x2008 8C04) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Cursor Palette register 0 (CRSR_PAL0, RW 0x2008 8C08) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Cursor Palette register 1 (CRSR_PAL1, RW 0x2008 8C0C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Cursor XY Position register (CRSR_XY, RW 0x2008 8C10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Cursor Clip Position register (CRSR_CLIP, RW 0x2008 8C14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Cursor Interrupt Mask register (CRSR_INTMSK,
RW - 0x2008 8C20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Cursor Interrupt Clear register (CRSR_INTCLR,
RW - 0x2008 8C24) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Cursor Raw Interrupt Status register
(CRSR_INTRAW, RW - 0x2008 8C28) . . . . 303
Cursor Masked Interrupt Status register
(CRSR_INTSTAT, RW - 0x2008 8C2C) . . . . 303
LCD timing diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
LCD panel signal usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Chapter 13: LPC178x/7x USB device controller

13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6

How to read this chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fixed endpoint configuration . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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User manual

310
310
310
311
311
312

13.6.1
13.6.2
13.6.3
13.6.4
13.6.5
13.6.6
13.6.7

Analog transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Serial Interface Engine (SIE) . . . . . . . . . . . .
Endpoint RAM (EP_RAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EP_RAM access control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DMA engine and bus master interface. . . . .
Register interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SoftConnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

313
313
313
313
314
314
314

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

13.6.8
GoodLink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
13.7
Operational overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
13.8
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
13.9
Clocking and power management . . . . . . . . 315
13.9.1
Power requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
13.9.2
Clocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
13.9.3
Power management support . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
13.9.4
Remote wake-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
13.10 Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
13.10.1 Port select register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
13.10.1.1 USB Port Select register (USBPortSel 0x2008 C110) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
13.10.2 Clock control registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
13.10.2.1 USB Clock Control register (USBClkCtrl 0x2008 CFF4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
13.10.2.2 USB Clock Status register (USBClkSt 0x2008 CFF8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
13.10.3 Device interrupt registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
13.10.3.1 USB Interrupt Status register (USBIntSt 0x2008 C1C0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
13.10.3.2 USB Device Interrupt Status register
(USBDevIntSt - 0x2008 C200) . . . . . . . . . . . 320
13.10.3.3 USB Device Interrupt Enable register
(USBDevIntEn - 0x2008 C204) . . . . . . . . . . 321
13.10.3.4 USB Device Interrupt Clear register
(USBDevIntClr - 0x2008 C208) . . . . . . . . . . 322
13.10.3.5 USB Device Interrupt Set register (USBDevIntSet
- 0x2008 C20C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
13.10.3.6 USB Device Interrupt Priority register
(USBDevIntPri - 0x2008 C22C) . . . . . . . . . . 323
13.10.4 Endpoint interrupt registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
13.10.4.1 USB Endpoint Interrupt Status register
(USBEpIntSt - 0x2008 C230) . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
13.10.4.2 USB Endpoint Interrupt Enable register
(USBEpIntEn - 0x2008 C234) . . . . . . . . . . . 325
13.10.4.3 USB Endpoint Interrupt Clear register
(USBEpIntClr - 0x2008 C238) . . . . . . . . . . . 326
13.10.4.4 USB Endpoint Interrupt Set register (USBEpIntSet
- 0x2008 C23C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
13.10.4.5 USB Endpoint Interrupt Priority register
(USBEpIntPri - 0x2008 C240) . . . . . . . . . . . 327
13.10.5 Endpoint realization registers . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
13.10.5.1 EP RAM requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
13.10.5.2 USB Realize Endpoint register (USBReEp 0x2008 C244) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
13.10.5.3 USB Endpoint Index register (USBEpIn 0x2008 C248) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
13.10.5.4 USB MaxPacketSize register (USBMaxPSize 0x2008 C24C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
13.10.6 USB transfer registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
13.10.6.1 USB Receive Data register (USBRxData 0x2008 C218) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
13.10.6.2 USB Receive Packet Length register
(USBRxPLen - 0x2008 C220) . . . . . . . . . . . 331
13.10.6.3 USB Transmit Data register (USBTxData 0x2008 C21C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

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User manual

13.10.6.4 USB Transmit Packet Length register

(USBTxPLen - 0x2008 C224) . . . . . . . . . . . 332
13.10.6.5 USB Control register (USBCtrl - 0x2008 C228) . .
332
13.10.7 SIE command code registers. . . . . . . . . . . . 333
13.10.7.1 USB Command Code register (USBCmdCode 0x2008 C210) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
13.10.7.2 USB Command Data register (USBCmdData 0x2008 C214) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
13.10.8 DMA registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
13.10.8.1 USB DMA Request Status register (USBDMARSt
- 0x2008 C250) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
13.10.8.2 USB DMA Request Clear register (USBDMARClr
- 0x2008 C254) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
13.10.8.3 USB DMA Request Set register (USBDMARSet 0x2008 C258) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
13.10.8.4 USB UDCA Head register (USBUDCAH 0x2008 C280) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
13.10.8.5 USB EP DMA Status register (USBEpDMASt 0x2008 C284) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
13.10.8.6 USB EP DMA Enable register (USBEpDMAEn 0x2008 C288) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
13.10.8.7 USB EP DMA Disable register (USBEpDMADis 0x2008 C28C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
13.10.8.8 USB DMA Interrupt Status register (USBDMAIntSt
- 0x2008 C290) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
13.10.8.9 USB DMA Interrupt Enable register
(USBDMAIntEn - 0x2008 C294) . . . . . . . . . 337
13.10.8.10 USB End of Transfer Interrupt Status register
(USBEoTIntSt - 0x2008 C2A0) . . . . . . . . . . 337
13.10.8.11 USB End of Transfer Interrupt Clear register
(USBEoTIntClr - 0x2008 C2A4) . . . . . . . . . . 338
13.10.8.12 USB End of Transfer Interrupt Set register
(USBEoTIntSet - 0x2008 C2A8) . . . . . . . . . 338
13.10.8.13 USB New DD Request Interrupt Status register
(USBNDDRIntSt - 0x2008 C2AC) . . . . . . . . 338
13.10.8.14 USB New DD Request Interrupt Clear register
(USBNDDRIntClr - 0x2008 C2B0) . . . . . . . . 338
13.10.8.15 USB New DD Request Interrupt Set register
(USBNDDRIntSet - 0x2008 C2B4) . . . . . . . 338
13.10.8.16 USB System Error Interrupt Status register
(USBSysErrIntSt - 0x2008 C2B8) . . . . . . . . 339
13.10.8.17 USB System Error Interrupt Clear register
(USBSysErrIntClr - 0x2008 C2BC) . . . . . . . 339
13.10.8.18 USB System Error Interrupt Set register
(USBSysErrIntSet - 0x2008 C2C0) . . . . . . . 339
13.11 Interrupt handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Slave mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
DMA mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
13.12 Serial interface engine command description . .
343
13.12.1 Set Address (Command: 0xD0, Data: write
1 byte) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
13.12.2 Configure Device (Command: 0xD8, Data:
write 1 byte) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
13.12.3 Set Mode (Command: 0xF3, Data: write
1 byte) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

13.12.4

Read Current Frame Number (Command: 0xF5,

Data: read 1 or 2 bytes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
13.12.5 Read Test Register (Command: 0xFD, Data: read
2 bytes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
13.12.6 Set Device Status (Command: 0xFE, Data: write 1
byte) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
13.12.7 Get Device Status (Command: 0xFE, Data: read 1
byte) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
13.12.8 Get Error Code (Command: 0xFF, Data: read 1
byte) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
13.12.9 Read Error Status (Command: 0xFB, Data: read 1
byte) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
13.12.10 Select Endpoint (Command: 0x00 - 0x1F, Data:
read 1 byte (optional)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
13.12.11 Select Endpoint/Clear Interrupt (Command:
0x40 - 0x5F, Data: read 1 byte) . . . . . . . . . . 349
13.12.12 Set Endpoint Status (Command: 0x40 - 0x55,
Data: write 1 byte (optional)). . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
13.12.13 Clear Buffer (Command: 0xF2, Data: read 1 byte
(optional)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
13.12.14 Validate Buffer (Command: 0xFA, Data:
none) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
13.13 USB device controller initialization . . . . . . . 352
13.14 Slave mode operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
13.14.1 Interrupt generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
13.14.2 Data transfer for OUT endpoints. . . . . . . . . . 354
13.14.3 Data transfer for IN endpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . 354
13.15 DMA operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
13.15.1 Transfer terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
13.15.2 USB device communication area . . . . . . . . . 356
13.15.3 Triggering the DMA engine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
13.15.4 The DMA descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
13.15.4.1 Next_DD_pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
13.15.4.2 DMA_mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
13.15.4.3 Next_DD_valid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
13.15.4.4 Isochronous_endpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
13.15.4.5 Max_packet_size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
13.15.4.6 DMA_buffer_length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
13.15.4.7 DMA_buffer_start_addr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

13.15.4.8 DD_retired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

13.15.4.9 DD_status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
13.15.4.10 Packet_valid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
13.15.4.11 LS_byte_extracted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
13.15.4.12 MS_byte_extracted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
13.15.4.13 Present_DMA_count. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
13.15.4.14 Message_length_position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
13.15.4.15 Isochronous_packetsize_memory_address 360
13.15.5 Non-isochronous endpoint operation . . . . . . 361
13.15.5.1 Setting up DMA transfers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
13.15.5.2 Finding DMA Descriptor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
13.15.5.3 Transferring the data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
13.15.5.4 Optimizing descriptor fetch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
13.15.5.5 Ending the packet transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
13.15.5.6 No_Packet DD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
13.15.6 Isochronous endpoint operation. . . . . . . . . . 362
13.15.6.1 Setting up DMA transfers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
13.15.6.2 Finding the DMA Descriptor. . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
13.15.6.3 Transferring the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
OUT endpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
IN endpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
13.15.6.4 DMA descriptor completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
13.15.6.5 Isochronous OUT Endpoint Operation
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
13.15.7 Auto Length Transfer Extraction (ATLE) mode
operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
OUT transfers in ATLE mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
IN transfers in ATLE mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
13.15.7.1 Setting up the DMA transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
13.15.7.2 Finding the DMA Descriptor. . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
13.15.7.3 Transferring the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
OUT endpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
IN endpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
13.15.7.4 Ending the packet transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
OUT endpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
IN endpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
13.16 Double buffered endpoint operation . . . . . . 368
13.16.1 Bulk endpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
13.16.2 Isochronous endpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Chapter 14: LPC178x/7x USB Host controller

14.1
14.2
14.3
14.3.1
14.3.2

How to read this chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

371
371
372
372
373

14.4
Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.4.1
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.4.1.1 USB host usage note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.4.2
Software interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.4.2.1 Register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.4.2.2 USB Host Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . .

374
374
374
375
375
376

Chapter 15: LPC178x/7x USB OTG controller

15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6

How to read this chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Modes of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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377
377
377
378
378

15.7
Pin configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
15.7.1
Using port U1 for OTG operation . . . . . . . . . 379
15.7.2
Using both ports U1 and U2 for host
operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
15.7.3
Using U1 for host operation and U2 for device
operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
15.8
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

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Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1018 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

15.8.1
15.8.2
15.8.3
15.8.4
15.8.5
15.8.6
15.8.7
15.8.8
15.8.9
15.8.10
15.8.11
15.8.12

USB Interrupt Status Register (USBIntSt 0x2008 C1C0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

OTG Interrupt Status Register (OTGIntSt 0x2008 C100) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
OTG Interrupt Enable Register (OTGIntEn 0x2008 C104) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
OTG Interrupt Set Register (OTGIntSet 0x2008 C20C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
OTG Interrupt Clear Register (OTGIntClr 0x2008 C10C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
OTG Status and Control Register (OTGStCtrl 0x2008 C110) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
OTG Timer Register (OTGTmr - 0x2008 C114) . .
387
OTG Clock Control Register (OTGClkCtrl 0x2008 CFF4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
OTG Clock Status Register (OTGClkSt 0x2008 CFF8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
I2C Receive Register (I2C_RX - 0x2008
C300) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
I2C Transmit Register (I2C_TX - 0x2008
C300) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
I2C Status Register (I2C_STS - 0x2008
C304) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

15.8.13

I2C Control Register (I2C_CTL - 0x2008

C308) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
15.8.14 I2C Clock High Register (I2C_CLKHI 0x2008 C30C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
15.8.15 I2C Clock Low Register (I2C_CLKLO 0x2008 C310) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
15.8.16 Interrupt handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
15.9
HNP support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
15.9.1
B-device: peripheral to host switching . . . . . 395
Remove D+ pull-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Add D+ pull-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
15.9.2
A-device: host to peripheral HNP switching. 398
Set BDIS_ACON_EN in external OTG
transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Clear BDIS_ACON_EN in external OTG transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Discharge VBUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Load and enable OTG timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Stop OTG timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Suspend host on port 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
15.10 Clocking and power management. . . . . . . . 403
15.10.1 Device clock request signals . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
15.10.1.1 Host clock request signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
15.10.2 Power-down mode support . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
15.11 USB OTG controller initialization . . . . . . . . 406

Chapter 16: LPC178x/7x SD card interface

16.1
Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.2
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.3
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.4
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5
Functional overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.1
Secure digital memory card . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.1.1 Secure digital memory card bus signals . . . .
16.5.2
Multimedia card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3
SD card interface details. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.1 Adapter register block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.2 Control unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.3 Command path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.4 Command path state machine . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.5 Command format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.6 Data path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.7 Data path state machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.8 Data counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.9 Bus mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.10 CRC Token status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.11 Status flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.12 CRC generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.13 Data FIFO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.14 Transmit FIFO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.15 Receive FIFO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.16 APB interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.5.3.17 Interrupt logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.6
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.6.1
Power Control Register (MCIPWR 0x400C 0000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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407
407
407
408
408
408
408
408
409
410
410
411
411
412
413
414
415
416
416
417
417
417
418
418
419
419
420

16.6.2
16.6.3
16.6.4
16.6.5
16.6.6

16.6.7
16.6.8
16.6.9
16.6.10
16.6.11
16.6.12
16.6.13
16.6.14
16.6.15

Clock Control Register (MCIClock - 0x400C

0004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Argument Register (MCIArgument 0x400C 0008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Command Register (MCICommand 0x400C 000C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Command Response Register
(MCIRespCommand - 0x400C 0010) . . . . . 422
Response Registers (MCIResponse0-3 0x400C 0014, 0x400C 0018, 0x400C 001C and
0x400C 0020) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Data Timer Register (MCIDataTimer 0x400C 0024) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Data Length Register (MCIDataLength 0x400C 0028) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Data Control Register (MCIDataCtrl 0x400C 002C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Data Counter Register (MCIDataCnt 0x400C 0030) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Status Register (MCIStatus - 0x400C 0034) 425
Clear Register (MCIClear - 0x400C 0038). . 426
Interrupt Mask Registers (MCIMask0 0x400C 003C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
FIFO Counter Register (MCIFifoCnt 0x400C 0048) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Data FIFO Register (MCIFIFO - 0x400C 0080 to
0x400C 00BC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

420

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1019 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

Chapter 17: LPC178x/7x UART1

17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.5.1

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
UART1 Receiver Buffer Register (U1RBR 0x4001 0000, when DLAB = 0). . . . . . . . . . . 434
17.5.2
UART1 Transmitter Holding Register (U1THR 0x4001 0000 when DLAB = 0) . . . . . . . . . . . 434
17.5.3
UART1 Divisor Latch LSB and MSB Registers
(U1DLL - 0x4001 0000 and U1DLM 0x4001 0004, when DLAB = 1). . . . . . . . . . . 434
17.5.4
UART1 Interrupt Enable Register (U1IER 0x4001 0004, when DLAB = 0). . . . . . . . . . . 435
17.5.5
UART1 Interrupt Identification Register (U1IIR 0x4001 0008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
17.5.6
UART1 FIFO Control Register (U1FCR 0x4001 0008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
17.5.6.1 DMA Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
UART receiver DMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439
UART transmitter DMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439
17.5.7
UART1 Line Control Register (U1LCR 0x4001 000C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
17.5.8
UART1 Modem Control Register (U1MCR 0x4001 0010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
17.5.9
Auto-flow control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
17.5.9.1 Auto-RTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
17.5.9.2 Auto-CTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
17.5.10 UART1 Line Status Register (U1LSR 0x4001 0014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

17.5.11

UART1 Modem Status Register (U1MSR 0x4001 0018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

17.5.12 UART1 Scratch Pad Register (U1SCR 0x4001 001C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
17.5.13 UART1 Auto-baud Control Register (U1ACR 0x4001 0020) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
17.5.14 Auto-baud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
17.5.15 Auto-baud modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
17.5.16 UART1 Fractional Divider Register (U1FDR 0x4001 0028) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
17.5.16.1 Baud rate calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
17.5.16.1.1 Example 1: PCLK = 14.7456 MHz,
BR = 9600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
17.5.16.1.2 Example 2: PCLK = 12 MHz, BR = 115200 450
17.5.17 UART1 Transmit Enable Register (U1TER 0x4001 0030) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
17.5.18 UART1 RS485 Control register (U1RS485CTRL 0x4001 004C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
17.5.19 UART1 RS-485 Address Match register
(U1RS485ADRMATCH - 0x4001 0050) . . . . 452
17.5.20 UART1 RS-485 Delay value register
(U1RS485DLY - 0x4001 0054) . . . . . . . . . . 452
17.5.21 RS-485/EIA-485 modes of operation . . . . . . 452
RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode
(NMM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Address Detection (AAD)
mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Direction Control. . . . . 453
RS485/EIA-485 driver delay time. . . . . . . . . . 453
RS485/EIA-485 output inversion . . . . . . . . . . 453

Chapter 18: LPC178x/7x UART0/2/3

18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.6.1

How to read this chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
UARTn Receiver Buffer Register (U0RBR 0x4000 C000, U2RBR - 0x4009 8000, U3RBR 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 0) . . . . . . . . . . . 458
18.6.2
UARTn Transmit Holding Register (U0THR 0x4000 C000, U2THR - 0x4009 8000, U3THR 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 0) . . . . . . . . . . . 458
18.6.3
UARTn Divisor Latch LSB register (U0DLL 0x4000 C000, U2DLL - 0x4009 8000, U3DLL 0x4009 C000 when DLAB = 1) and UARTn
Divisor Latch MSB register (U0DLM 0x4000 C004, U2DLM - 0x4009 8004, U3DLM 0x4009 C004 when DLAB = 1) . . . . . . . . . . . 459
18.6.4
UARTn Interrupt Enable Register (U0IER 0x4000 C004, U2IER - 0x4009 8004, U3IER 0x4009 C004 when DLAB = 0) . . . . . . . . . . . 459

UM10470

User manual

18.6.5

UARTn Interrupt Identification Register (U0IIR 0x4000 C008, U2IIR - 0x4009 8008, U3IIR 0x4009 C008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
18.6.6
UARTn FIFO Control Register (U0FCR 0x4000 C008, U2FCR - 0x4009 8008, U3FCR 0x4009 C008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
18.6.6.1 DMA Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
UART receiver DMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
UART transmitter DMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
18.6.7
UARTn Line Control Register (U0LCR 0x4000 C00C, U2LCR - 0x4009 800C, U3LCR 0x4009 C00C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
18.6.8
UARTn Line Status Register (U0LSR 0x4000 C014, U2LSR - 0x4009 8014, U3LSR 0x4009 C014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
18.6.9
UARTn Scratch Pad Register (U0SCR 0x4000 C01C, U2SCR - 0x4009 801C U3SCR 0x4009 C01C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
18.6.10 UARTn Auto-baud Control Register (U0ACR 0x4000 C020, U2ACR - 0x4009 8020, U3ACR 0x4009 C020) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
18.6.10.1 Auto-baud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
18.6.10.2 Auto-baud modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

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18.6.11

UARTn Fractional Divider Register (U0FDR 0x4000 C028, U2FDR - 0x4009 8028, U3FDR 0x4009 C028) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
18.6.11.1 Baud rate calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
18.6.11.1.1 Example 1: PCLK = 14.7456 MHz,
BR = 9600. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
18.6.11.1.2 Example 2: PCLK = 12 MHz, BR = 115200 471
18.6.12 UARTn Transmit Enable Register (U0TER 0x4000 C030, U2TER - 0x4009 8030, U3TER 0x4009 C030) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
18.6.13 UARTn RS485 Control register (U0RS485CTRL 0x4000 C04C, U2RS485CTRL - 0x4009 804C,
U3RS485CTRL - 0x4009 C04C) . . . . . . . . . 472

18.6.14

18.6.15

18.6.16

UARTn RS-485 Address Match register

(U0RS485ADRMATCH - 0x4000 C050,
U2RS485ADRMATCH - 0x4009 8050,
U3RS485ADRMATCH - 0x4009 C050) . . . . 472
UARTn RS-485 Delay value register
(U0RS485DLY - 0x4000 C054, U2RS485DLY 0x4009 8054, U3RS485DLY - 0x4009 C054) 473
RS-485/EIA-485 modes of operation . . . . . . 473
RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode
(NMM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Address Detection (AAD)
mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Direction Control. . . . . 474
RS485/EIA-485 driver delay time. . . . . . . . . . 474
RS485/EIA-485 output inversion . . . . . . . . . . 474

Chapter 19: LPC178x/7x UART4

19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.6.1

How to read this chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
UART4 Receiver Buffer Register (U4RBR 0x400A C000 when DLAB = 0). . . . . . . . . . . 479
19.6.2
UART4 Transmit Holding Register (U4THR 0x400A C000 when DLAB = 0). . . . . . . . . . . 479
19.6.3
UART4 Divisor Latch LSB register (U4DLL 0x400A 4000 when DLAB = 1) and UART4
Divisor Latch MSB register (U4DLM 0x400A C004 when DLAB = 1). . . . . . . . . . . 479
19.6.4
UART4 Interrupt Enable Register (U4IER 0x400A C004 when DLAB = 0). . . . . . . . . . . 480
19.6.5
UART4 Interrupt Identification Register (U4IIR 0x400A C008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
19.6.6
UART4 FIFO Control Register (U4FCR 0x400A C008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
19.6.6.1 DMA Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
UART receiver DMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483
UART transmitter DMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483
19.6.7
UART4 Line Control Register (U4LCR 0x400A C00C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
19.6.8
UART4 Line Status Register (U4LSR 0x400A C014). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
19.6.9
UART4 Scratch Pad Register (U4SCR 0x400A C01C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
19.6.10 UART4 Auto-baud Control Register (U4ACR 0x400A C020). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
19.6.10.1 Auto-baud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

19.6.10.2 Auto-baud modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

19.6.11 UART4 IrDA Control Register (U4ICR 0x400A C024) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
19.6.12 UART4 Fractional Divider Register (U4FDR 0x400A C028) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
19.6.12.1 Baud rate calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
19.6.12.1.1 Example 1: PCLK = 14.7456 MHz,
BR = 9600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
19.6.12.1.2 Example 2: PCLK = 12 MHz, BR = 115200 492
19.6.13 UART4 Oversampling Register (U4OSR - 0x400A
402C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
19.6.14 UART4 Smart Card Interface Control register
(U4SCICTRL - 0x400A 4048) . . . . . . . . . . . 493
19.6.14.1 Smartcard Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
19.6.14.2 Smartcard Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
19.6.15 UART4 RS485 Control register (U4RS485CTRL 0x400A 404C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
19.6.16 UART4 RS-485 Address Match register
(U4RS485ADRMATCH - 0x400A 4050). . . . 495
19.6.17 UART4 RS-485 Delay value register
(U4RS485DLY - 0x400A 4054) . . . . . . . . . . 495
19.6.18 RS-485/EIA-485 modes of operation . . . . . . 495
RS-485/EIA-485 Normal Multidrop Mode
(NMM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Address Detection (AAD)
mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
RS-485/EIA-485 Auto Direction Control. . . . . 496
RS485/EIA-485 driver delay time. . . . . . . . . . 496
RS485/EIA-485 output inversion . . . . . . . . . . 496
19.6.19 UART4 Synchronous mode control register
(U4SYNCCTRL - 0x400A 4058) . . . . . . . . . 497
19.6.20 UART4 Transmit Enable Register (U4TER 0x400A C05C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

Chapter 20: LPC178x/7x CAN controller

20.1
20.2
20.3
20.3.1
20.3.2

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAN controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General CAN features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAN controller features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UM10470

User manual

500
500
500
500
501

20.3.3
20.4
20.5
20.5.1
20.5.2

Acceptance filter features . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAN controller architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APB Interface Block (AIB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interface Management Logic (IML) . . . . . . .

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

501
501
501
502
502

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

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20.5.3
20.5.4
20.5.5
20.5.6
20.5.7
20.5.8

Transmit Buffers (TXB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

Receive Buffer (RXB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Error Management Logic (EML) . . . . . . . . . 504
Bit Timing Logic (BTL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Bit Stream Processor (BSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
CAN controller self-tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Global self test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .505
Local self test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .505
20.6
Memory map of the CAN block. . . . . . . . . . . 506
20.7
CAN controller registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
20.7.1
CAN Mode register (CAN1MOD - 0x4004 4000,
CAN2MOD - 0x4004 8000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
20.7.2
CAN Command Register (CAN1CMR 0x4004 x004, CAN2CMR - 0x4004 8004) . . 510
20.7.3
CAN Global Status Register (CAN1GSR 0x4004 x008, CAN2GSR - 0x4004 8008) . . 511
RX error counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513
TX error counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513
20.7.4
CAN Interrupt and Capture Register (CAN1ICR 0x4004 400C, CAN2ICR - 0x4004 800C). . . 514
20.7.5
CAN Interrupt Enable Register (CAN1IER 0x4004 4010, CAN2IER - 0x4004 8010) . . . 517
20.7.6
CAN Bus Timing Register (CAN1BTR 0x4004 4014, CAN2BTR - 0x4004 8014) . . . 518
Baud rate prescaler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519
Synchronization jump width . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519
Time segment 1 and time segment 2 . . . . . . .519
20.7.7
CAN Error Warning Limit register (CAN1EWL 0x4004 4018, CAN2EWL - 0x4004 8018) . . 519
20.7.8
CAN Status Register (CAN1SR - 0x4004 401C,
CAN2SR - 0x4004 801C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
20.7.9
CAN Receive Frame Status register (CAN1RFS 0x4004 4020, CAN2RFS - 0x4004 8020) . . . 522
20.7.9.1 ID index field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
20.7.10 CAN Receive Identifier register (CAN1RID 0x4004 4024, CAN2RID - 0x4004 8024) . . . 522
20.7.11 CAN Receive Data register A (CAN1RDA 0x4004 4028, CAN2RDA - 0x4004 8028) . . 523
20.7.12 CAN Receive Data register B (CAN1RDB 0x4004 402C, CAN2RDB - 0x4004 802C) . . 523
20.7.13 CAN Transmit Frame Information register
(CAN1TFI[1/2/3] - 0x4004 40[30/ 40/50],
CAN2TFI[1/2/3] - 0x4004 80[30/40/50]) . . . . 524
Automatic transmit priority detection. . . . . . . .524
Tx DLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525
20.7.14 CAN Transmit Identifier register (CAN1TID[1/2/3]
- 0x4004 40[34/44/54], CAN2TID[1/2/3] 0x4004 80[34/44/54]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
20.7.15 CAN Transmit Data register A (CAN1TDA[1/2/3] 0x4004 40[38/48/58], CAN2TDA[1/2/3] 0x4004 80[38/48/58]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
20.7.16 CAN Transmit Data register B (CAN1TDB[1/2/3] 0x4004 40[3C/4C/5C], CAN2TDB[1/2/3] 0x4004 80[3C/4C/5C]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
20.7.17 CAN Sleep Clear register (CANSLEEPCLR 0x400F C110) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
20.7.18 CAN Wake-up Flags register (CANWAKEFLAGS
- 0x400F C114) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
UM10470

User manual

20.8
CAN controller operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
20.8.1
Error handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
20.8.2
Sleep mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
20.8.3
Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
20.8.4
Transmit priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
20.9
Centralized CAN registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
20.9.1
Central Transmit Status Register (CANTxSR 0x4004 0000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
20.9.2
Central Receive Status Register (CANRxSR 0x4004 0004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
20.9.3
Central Miscellaneous Status Register (CANMSR
- 0x4004 0008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
20.10 Global acceptance filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
20.11 Acceptance filter modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
20.11.1 Acceptance filter Off mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
20.11.2 Acceptance filter Bypass mode . . . . . . . . . . 530
20.11.3 Acceptance filter Operating mode . . . . . . . . 531
20.11.4 FullCAN mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
20.12 Sections of the ID look-up table RAM . . . . . 531
20.13 ID look-up table RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
20.14 Acceptance filter registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
20.14.1 Acceptance Filter Mode Register (AFMR 0x4003 C000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
20.14.2 Section configuration registers. . . . . . . . . . . 534
20.14.3 Standard Frame Individual Start Address register
(SFF_sa - 0x4003 C004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
20.14.4 Standard Frame Group Start Address register
(SFF_GRP_sa - 0x4003 C008) . . . . . . . . . . 535
20.14.5 Extended Frame Start Address register (EFF_sa 0x4003 C00C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
20.14.6 Extended Frame Group Start Address register
(EFF_GRP_sa - 0x4003 C010) . . . . . . . . . . 535
20.14.7 End of AF Tables register (ENDofTable 0x4003 C014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
20.14.8 Status registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
20.14.9 LUT Error Address register (LUTerrAd 0x4003 C018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
20.14.10 LUT Error register (LUTerr - 0x4003 C01C). 536
20.14.11 Global FullCANInterrupt Enable register (FCANIE
- 0x4003 C020) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
20.14.12 FullCAN Interrupt and Capture registers
(FCANIC0 - 0x4003 C024 and FCANIC1 0x4003 C028) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
20.15 Configuration and search algorithm . . . . . . 537
20.15.1 Acceptance filter search algorithm . . . . . . . . 537
20.16 FullCAN mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
20.16.1 FullCAN message layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
20.16.2 FullCAN interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
20.16.2.1 FullCAN message interrupt enable bit . . . . . 543
20.16.2.2 Message lost bit and CAN channel number. 544
20.16.2.3 Setting the interrupt pending bits (IntPnd 63 to 0)
545
20.16.2.4 Clearing the interrupt pending bits
(IntPnd 63 to 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
20.16.2.5 Setting the message lost bit of a FullCAN
message object (MsgLost 63 to 0). . . . . . . . 545

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1022 of 1035

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

20.16.2.6 Clearing the message lost bit of a FullCAN

message object (MsgLost 63 to 0) . . . . . . . . 545
20.16.3 Set and clear mechanism of the FullCAN
interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
20.16.3.1 Scenario 1: Normal case, no message lost . 545
20.16.3.2 Scenario 2: Message lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
20.16.3.3 Scenario 3: Message gets overwritten indicated
by Semaphore bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
20.16.3.4 Scenario 3.1: Message gets overwritten indicated
by Semaphore bits and Message Lost . . . . . 547
20.16.3.5 Scenario 3.2: Message gets overwritten indicated
by Message Lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
20.16.3.6 Scenario 4: Clearing Message Lost bit . . . . . 549
20.17 Examples of acceptance filter tables and ID
index values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
20.17.1 Example 1: only one section is used . . . . . . 550
20.17.2 Example 2: all sections are used . . . . . . . . . 550
20.17.3 Example 3: more than one but not all sections are
used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

20.17.4
20.17.5
20.17.6

20.17.7

20.17.8

Configuration example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Configuration example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Configuration example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Explicit standard frame format identifier section
(11-bit CAN ID): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Group of standard frame format identifier section
(11-bit CAN ID): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Explicit extended frame format identifier section
(29-bit CAN ID, Figure 96) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Group of extended frame format identifier section
(29-bit CAN ID, Figure 96) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Configuration example 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
FullCAN explicit standard frame format identifier
section (11-bit CAN ID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Explicit standard frame format identifier section
(11-bit CAN ID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
FullCAN message object data section . . . . . . 555
Look-up table programming guidelines . . . . 556

Chapter 21: LPC178x/7x SSP interfaces

21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
21.5
21.5.1

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
Bus description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
Texas Instruments synchronous serial frame
format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
21.5.2
SPI frame format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
21.5.2.1 Clock Polarity (CPOL) and Phase (CPHA)
control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
21.5.2.2 SPI format with CPOL=0,CPHA=0 . . . . . . . . 561
21.5.2.3 SPI format with CPOL=0,CPHA=1 . . . . . . . . 562
21.5.2.4 SPI format with CPOL = 1,CPHA = 0 . . . . . . 562
21.5.2.5 SPI format with CPOL = 1,CPHA = 1 . . . . . . 564
21.5.3
National Semiconductor Microwire frame
format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
21.5.3.1 Setup and hold time requirements on CS with
respect to SK in Microwire mode . . . . . . . . . 566
21.6
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
21.6.1
SSPn Control Register 0 (SSP0CR0 0x4008 8000, SSP1CR0 - 0x4003 0000,
SSP2CR0 - 0x400A C000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
21.6.2
SSPn Control Register 1 (SSP0CR1 0x4008 8004, SSP1CR1 - 0x4003 0004,
SSP2CR1 - 0x400A C004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

21.6.3

21.6.4

21.6.5

21.6.6

21.6.7

21.6.8

21.6.9

21.6.10

SSPn Data Register (SSP0DR - 0x4008 8008,

SSP1DR - 0x4003 0008, SSP2DR 0x400A C008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
SSPn Status Register (SSP0SR - 0x4008 800C,
SSP1SR - 0x4003 000C, SSP2SR 0x400A C00C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
SSPn Clock Prescale Register (SSP0CPSR 0x4008 8010, SSP1CPSR - 0x4003 0010,
SSP2CPSR - 0x400A C010) . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
SSPn Interrupt Mask Set/Clear Register
(SSP0IMSC - 0x4008 8014, SSP1IMSC 0x4003 0014, SSP2IMSC - 0x400A C014) . 570
SSPn Raw Interrupt Status Register (SSP0RIS 0x4008 8018, SSP1RIS - 0x4003 0018, SSP2RIS
- 0x400A C018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
SSPn Masked Interrupt Status Register
(SSP0MIS - 0x4008 801C, SSP1MIS 0x4003 001C, SSP2MIS - 0x400A C01C) . . 571
SSPn Interrupt Clear Register (SSP0ICR 0x4008 8020, SSP1ICR - 0x4003 0020, SSP2ICR
- 0x400A C020) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
SSPn DMA Control Register (SSP0DMACR 0x4008 8024, SSP1DMACR - 0x4003 0024,
SSP2DMACR - 0x400A C024) . . . . . . . . . . 572

Chapter 22: LPC178x/7x I2C-bus interfaces

22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.4.1
22.5
22.6

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I2C FAST Mode Plus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I2C operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UM10470

User manual

573
574
574
574
575
576
576

22.6.1
22.6.2
22.6.3
22.6.4
22.7
22.7.1
22.7.2

Master Transmitter mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Master Receiver mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slave Receiver mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slave Transmitter mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I2C implementation and operation. . . . . . . .
Input filters and output stages . . . . . . . . . . .
Address Registers, I2ADR0 to I2ADR3 . . . .

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

576
577
578
579
580
580
582

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1023 of 1035

UM10470

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

22.7.3

Address mask registers, I2MASK0 to

I2MASK3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
22.7.4
Comparator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
22.7.5
Shift register, I2DAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
22.7.6
Arbitration and synchronization logic . . . . . . 582
22.7.7
Serial clock generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
22.7.8
Timing and control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
22.7.9
Control register, I2CONSET and I2CONCLR 584
22.7.10 Status decoder and status register . . . . . . . . 584
22.8
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
22.8.1
I2C Control Set register (I2CONSET: I2C0,
I2C0CONSET - 0x4001 C000; I2C1,
I2C1CONSET - 0x4005 C000; I2C2,
I2C2CONSET - 0x400A 0000) . . . . . . . . . . . 586
22.8.2
I2C Control Clear register (I2CONCLR: I2C0,
I2C0CONCLR - 0x4001 C018; I2C1,
I2C1CONCLR - 0x4005 C018; I2C2,
I2C2CONCLR - 0x400A 0018) . . . . . . . . . . . 588
22.8.3
I2C Status register (I2STAT: I2C0, I2C0STAT 0x4001 C004; I2C1, I2C1STAT - 0x4005 C004;
I2C2, I2C2STAT - 0x400A 0004). . . . . . . . . . 589
22.8.4
I2C Data register (I2DAT: I2C0, I2C0DAT 0x4001 C008; I2C1, I2C1DAT - 0x4005 C008;
I2C2, I2C2DAT - 0x400A 0008) . . . . . . . . . . 589
22.8.5
I2C Monitor mode control register (I2MMCTRL:
I2C0, I2C0MMCTRL - 0x4001 C01C; I2C1,
I2C1MMCTRL- 0x4005 C01C; I2C2,
I2C2MMCTRL- 0x400A 001C) . . . . . . . . . . . 589
22.8.5.1 Interrupt in Monitor mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
22.8.5.2 Loss of arbitration in Monitor mode . . . . . . . 591
22.8.6
I2C Data buffer register (I2DATA_BUFFER: I2C0,
I2CDATA_BUFFER - 0x4001 C02C; I2C1,
I2C1DATA_BUFFER- 0x4005 C02C; I2C2,
I2C2DATA_BUFFER- 0x400A 002C) . . . . . . 591
22.8.7
I2C Slave Address registers (I2ADR0 to 3: I2C0,
I2C0ADR[0, 1, 2, 3]- 0x4001 C0[0C, 20, 24, 28];
I2C1, I2C1ADR[0, 1, 2, 3] - address
0x4005 C0[0C, 20, 24, 28]; I2C2, I2C2ADR[0, 1, 2,
3] - address 0x400A 00[0C, 20, 24, 28]). . . . 592
22.8.8
I2C Mask registers (I2MASK0 to 3: I2C0,
I2C0MASK[0, 1, 2, 3] - 0x4001 C0[30, 34, 38, 3C];
I2C1, I2C1MASK[0, 1, 2, 3] - address
0x4005 C0[30, 34, 38, 3C]; I2C2, I2C2MASK[0, 1,
2, 3] - address 0x400A 00[30, 34, 38, 3C]). . 592
22.8.9
I2C SCL HIGH duty cycle register (I2SCLH: I2C0,
I2C0SCLH - 0x4001 C010; I2C1, I2C1SCLH 0x4005 C010; I2C2, I2C2SCLH - 0x400A
0010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
22.8.10 I2C SCL Low duty cycle register (I2SCLL: I2C0 I2C0SCLL: 0x4001 C014; I2C1 - I2C1SCLL:
0x4005 C014; I2C2 - I2C2SCLL: 0x400A
0014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
22.8.11 Selecting the appropriate I2C data rate and duty
cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
22.9
Details of I2C operating modes. . . . . . . . . . . 595
22.9.1
Master Transmitter mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
22.9.2
Master Receiver mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
22.9.3
Slave Receiver mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
UM10470

User manual

22.9.4
22.9.5
22.9.6
22.9.6.1
22.9.6.2
22.9.7
22.9.7.1

Slave Transmitter mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

Detailed state tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Miscellaneous states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
I2STAT = 0xF8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
I2STAT = 0x00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
Some special cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
Simultaneous repeated START conditions from
two masters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
22.9.7.2 Data transfer after loss of arbitration . . . . . . 609
22.9.7.3 Forced access to the I2C-bus. . . . . . . . . . . . 609
22.9.7.4 I2C-bus obstructed by a LOW level on SCL or
SDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
22.9.7.5 Bus error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
22.9.8
I2C state service routines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
22.9.8.1 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
22.9.8.2 I2C interrupt service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
22.9.8.3 The state service routines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
22.9.8.4 Adapting state services to an application. . . . 611
22.10 Software example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
22.10.1 Initialization routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
22.10.2 Start Master Transmit function . . . . . . . . . . . 612
22.10.3 Start Master Receive function . . . . . . . . . . . 612
22.10.4 I2C interrupt routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
22.10.5 Non mode specific states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
22.10.5.1 State: 0x00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
22.10.5.2 Master States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
22.10.5.3 State: 0x08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
22.10.5.4 State: 0x10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
22.10.6 Master Transmitter states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
22.10.6.1 State: 0x18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
22.10.6.2 State: 0x20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
22.10.6.3 State: 0x28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
22.10.6.4 State: 0x30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
22.10.6.5 State: 0x38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
22.10.7 Master Receive states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
22.10.7.1 State: 0x40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
22.10.7.2 State: 0x48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
22.10.7.3 State: 0x50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
22.10.7.4 State: 0x58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
22.10.8 Slave Receiver states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
22.10.8.1 State: 0x60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
22.10.8.2 State: 0x68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
22.10.8.3 State: 0x70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
22.10.8.4 State: 0x78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
22.10.8.5 State: 0x80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
22.10.8.6 State: 0x88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
22.10.8.7 State: 0x90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
22.10.8.8 State: 0x98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
22.10.8.9 State: 0xA0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
22.10.9 Slave Transmitter states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
22.10.9.1 State: 0xA8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
22.10.9.2 State: 0xB0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
22.10.9.3 State: 0xB8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
22.10.9.4 State: 0xC0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
22.10.9.5 State: 0xC8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1024 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

Chapter 23: LPC178x/7x I2S interface

23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.5.1
23.5.2
23.5.3
23.5.4
23.5.5
23.5.6
23.5.7

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Digital Audio Output register (I2SDAO 0x400A 8000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Digital Audio Input register (I2SDAI 0x400A 8004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transmit FIFO register (I2STXFIFO 0x400A 8008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Receive FIFO register (I2SRXFIFO 0x400A 800C). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Status Feedback register (I2SSTATE 0x400A 8010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DMA Configuration Register 1 (I2SDMA1 0x400A 8014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DMA Configuration Register 2 (I2SDMA2 0x400A 8018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

619
619
620
621
622
622
623
623
624
624
624
625

23.5.8

Interrupt Request Control register (I2SIRQ 0x400A 801C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

23.5.9
Transmit Clock Rate register (I2STXRATE 0x400A 8020). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
23.5.9.1 Notes on fractional rate generators . . . . . . . 626
23.5.10 Receive Clock Rate register (I2SRXRATE 0x400A 8024). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
23.5.11 Transmit Clock Bit Rate register (I2STXBITRATE
- 0x400A 8028) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627
23.5.12 Receive Clock Bit Rate register (I2SRXBITRATE 0x400A 802C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627
23.5.13 Transmit Mode Control register (I2STXMODE 0x400A 8030). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627
23.5.14 Receive Mode Control register (I2SRXMODE 0x400A 8034). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
23.6
I2S transmit and receive interfaces . . . . . . . 629
23.7
I2S operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
23.7.1
I2S transmit modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
23.7.2
I2S receive modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634
23.7.2.1 Overall clocking and pin connections. . . . . . 637
23.8
FIFO controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

Chapter 24: LPC178x/7x Timer0/1/2/3

24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
24.5.1
24.6
24.6.1

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Multiple CAP and MAT pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
Interrupt Register (T[0/1/2/3]IR - 0x4000 4000,
0x4000 8000, 0x4009 0000, 0x4009 4000) . 645
24.6.2
Timer Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]CR 0x4000 4004, 0x4000 8004, 0x4009 0004,
0x4009 4004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
24.6.3
Count Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]CTCR 0x4000 4070, 0x4000 8070, 0x4009 0070,
0x4009 4070) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
24.6.4
Timer Counter . . . . . . . .registers (T0TC - T3TC,
0x4000 4008, 0x4000 8008, 0x4009 0008,
0x4009 4008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647

24.6.5
24.6.6

24.6.7
24.6.8

24.6.9
24.6.10

24.6.11

24.6.12
24.7

Prescale register (T0PR - T3PR, 0x4000 400C,

0x4000 800C, 0x4009 000C, 0x4009 400C) 647
Prescale Counter register (T0PC - T3PC,
0x4000 4010, 0x4000 8010, 0x4009 0010,
0x4009 4010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
Match Registers (MR0 - MR3) . . . . . . . . . . . 648
Match Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]MCR 0x4000 4014, 0x4000 8014, 0x4009 0014,
0x4009 4014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
Capture Registers (CR0 - CR1) . . . . . . . . . . 649
Capture Control Register (T[0/1/2/3]CCR 0x4000 4028, 0x4000 8028, 0x4009 0028,
0x4009 4028) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
External Match Register (T[0/1/2/3]EMR 0x4000 403C, 0x4000 803C, 0x4009 003C,
0x4009 403C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
DMA operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
Example timer operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

Chapter 25: LPC178x/7x System Tick timer

25.1
25.2
3
25.4
25.5
25.5.1

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
System Timer Control and status register
(STCTRL - 0xE000 E010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
25.5.2
System Timer Reload value register (STRELOAD
- 0xE000 E014). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
UM10470

User manual

25.5.3

System Timer Current value register (STCURR 0xE000 E018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

25.5.4
System Timer Calibration value register
(STCALIB - 0xE000 E01C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
25.6
Example timer calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Example 1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Example 2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Example 3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Example 4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1025 of 1035

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

Chapter 26: LPC178x/7x Pulse Width Modulators (PWM0/1)

26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
26.4.1
26.4.2

26.5
26.6
26.6.1
26.6.2

26.6.3

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
Sample waveform with rules for single and
double edge control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662
Rules for Single Edge Controlled PWM Outputs .
663
Rules for Double Edge Controlled PWM Outputs.
663
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
PWM Interrupt Register (PWM0IR - 0x4001 4000
and PWM1IR - 0x4001 8000) . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
PWM Timer Control Register (PWM0TCR 0x4001 4004 and PWM1TCR - 0x4001 8004) . . .
665
PWM Count Control Register (PWM0CTCR 0x4001 4070 and PWM1CTCR - 0x4001 8070) . .
666

26.6.4
26.6.5
26.6.6
26.6.7

26.6.8
26.6.9

26.6.10

26.6.11
26.6.12

PWM Timer Counter (PWM0TC - 0x4001 4008

and PWM1TC - 0x4001 8008) . . . . . . . . . . . 667
PWM Prescale Register (PWM0PR 0x4001 400C and PWM1PR - 0x4001 800C) 667
PWM Prescale Counter Register (PWM0PC 0x4001 4010 and PWM1PC - 0x4001 8010) 667
PWM Match Control Register (PWM0MCR 0x4001 4014 and PWM1MCR - 0x4001 8014) . .
667
PWM Match Registers (PWM0MR0 to PWM0MR6
and PWM1MR0 to PWM1MR6) . . . . . . . . . . 669
PWM Capture Control Register (PWM0CCR 0x4001 4028 and PWM1CCR - 0x4001 8028) . .
669
PWM Capture Registers (PWM0CR0 0x4001 402C and PWM1CR0/CR10x4001 802C/30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
PWM Control Registers (PWM0PCR 0x4001 404C and PWM1PCR 0x4001 804C) 670
PWM Latch Enable Register (PWM0LER 0x4001 4050 and PWM1LER 0x4001 8050) 671

Chapter 27: LPC178x/7x Motor control PWM

27.1
Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
27.2
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
27.3
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
27.4
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
27.5
Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
27.6
Configuring other modules for MCPWM use 675
27.7
General operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
27.8
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676
27.8.1
MCPWM Control register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
27.8.1.1 MCPWM Control read address (MCCON 0x400B 8000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
27.8.1.2 MCPWM Control set address (MCCON_SET 0x400B 8004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
27.8.1.3 MCPWM Control clear address (MCCON_CLR 0x400B 8008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
27.8.2
MCPWM Capture Control register . . . . . . . . 680
27.8.2.1 MCPWM Capture Control read address
(MCCAPCON - 0x400B 800C) . . . . . . . . . . . 680
27.8.2.2 MCPWM Capture Control set address
(MCCAPCON_SET - 0x400B 8010) . . . . . . . 680
27.8.2.3 MCPWM Capture control clear address
(MCCAPCON_CLR - 0x400B 8014). . . . . . . 681
27.8.3
MCPWM Interrupt registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
27.8.3.1 MCPWM Interrupt Enable read address
(MCINTEN - 0x400B 8050) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
27.8.3.2 MCPWM Interrupt Enable set address
(MCINTEN_SET - 0x400B 8054) . . . . . . . . . 682
27.8.3.3 MCPWM Interrupt Enable clear address
(MCINTEN_CLR - 0x400B 8058) . . . . . . . . 683
27.8.3.4 MCPWM Interrupt Flags read address (MCINTF 0x400B 8068) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
UM10470

User manual

27.8.3.5

MCPWM Interrupt Flags set address

(MCINTF_SET - 0x400B 806C) . . . . . . . . . 683
27.8.3.6 MCPWM Interrupt Flags clear address
(MCINTF_CLR - 0x400B 8070) . . . . . . . . . 683
27.8.4
MCPWM Count Control register . . . . . . . . . 684
27.8.4.1 MCPWM Count Control read address
(MCCNTCON - 0x400B 805C). . . . . . . . . . . 684
27.8.4.2 MCPWM Count Control set address
(MCCNTCON_SET - 0x400B 8060) . . . . . . 685
27.8.4.3 MCPWM Count Control clear address
(MCCNTCON_CLR - 0x400B 8064) . . . . . . 685
27.8.5
MCPWM Timer/Counter 0-2 registers (MCTC0-2 0x400B 8018, 0x400B 801C, 0x400B 8020) 686
27.8.6
MCPWM Limit 0-2 registers (MCLIM0-2 0x400B 8024, 0x400B 8028, 0x400B 802C) 687
27.8.7
MCPWM Match 0-2 registers (MCMAT0-2 0x400B 8030, 0x400B 8034, 0x400B 8038) 688
27.8.7.1 Match register in Edge-Aligned mode . . . . . 688
27.8.7.2 Match register in Center-Aligned mode . . . . 688
27.8.7.3 0 and 100% duty cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
27.8.8
MCPWM Dead-time register (MCDT 0x400B 803C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
27.8.9
MCPWM Commutation Pattern register (MCCP 0x400B 8040). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
27.8.10 MCPWM Capture Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
27.8.10.1 MCPWM Capture read addresses (MCCAP0-2 0x400B 8044, 0x400B 8048, 0x400B 804C) 690
27.8.10.2 MCPWM Capture clear address (MCCAP_CLR 0x400B 8074). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
27.9
PWM operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
27.9.1
Pulse-width modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
Edge-aligned PWM without dead-time. . . . . . 691

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1026 of 1035

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

27.9.2
27.9.3
27.9.4

Center-aligned PWM without dead-time . . . . .691

Dead-time counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692
Shadow registers and simultaneous updates 693
Fast Abort (ABORT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
Capture events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693

27.9.5
27.9.6
27.9.7
27.9.8

External event counting (Counter mode) . . .

Three-phase DC mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Three phase AC mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

694
694
695
696

Chapter 28: LPC178x/7x Quadrature Encoder Interface (QEI)

28.1
Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
28.2
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
28.3
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
28.4
Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
28.4.1
Input signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
28.4.1.1 Quadrature input signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
28.4.1.2 Digital input filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700
28.4.2
Position capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700
28.4.3
Velocity capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
28.4.4
Velocity compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
28.5
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702
28.6
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703
28.6.1
Register summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703
28.6.2
Control registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
28.6.2.1 QEI Control register (QEICON - 0x400B
C000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
28.6.2.2 QEI Configuration register (QEICONF 0x400B C008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
28.6.2.3 QEI Status register (QEISTAT - 0x400B
C004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
28.6.3
Position, index and timer registers . . . . . . . . 705
28.6.3.1 QEI Position register (QEIPOS - 0x400B
C00C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
28.6.3.2 QEI Maximum Position register (QEIMAXPOS 0x400B C010). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
28.6.3.3 QEI Position Compare register 0 (CMPOS0 0x400B C014). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
28.6.3.4 QEI Position Compare register 1 (CMPOS1 0x400B C018). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706
28.6.3.5 QEI Position Compare register 2 (CMPOS2 0x400B C01C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706
28.6.3.6 QEI Index Count register (INXCNT 0x400B C020). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706
28.6.3.7 QEI Index Compare register 0 (INXCMP0 0x400B C024). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706

28.6.3.8
28.6.3.9
28.6.3.10
28.6.3.11
28.6.3.12
28.6.3.13
28.6.3.14
28.6.3.15
28.6.3.16
28.6.3.17
28.6.3.18
28.6.4
28.6.4.1
28.6.4.2
28.6.4.3
28.6.4.4
28.6.4.5
28.6.4.6

QEI Index Compare register 1 (INXCMP1 0x400B C04C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706

QEI Index Compare register 2 (INXCMP2 0x400B C050) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
QEI Velocity Timer Reload register (QEILOAD 0x400B C028) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
QEI Velocity Timer register (QEITIME 0x400B C02C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
QEI Velocity register (QEIVEL - 0x400B C030) . .
707
QEI Velocity Capture register (QEICAP 0x400B C034) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
QEI Velocity Compare register (VELCOMP 0x400B C038) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
QEI Digital Filter on PHA (FILTERPHA 0x400B C03C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
QEI Digital Filter on PHB (FILTERPHB 0x400B C040) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
QEI Digital Filter on INX (FILTERINX 0x400B C044) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
QEI index acceptance Window (WINDOW 0x400B C048) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
Interrupt registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
QEI Interrupt Status register (QEIINTSTAT 0x400B CFE0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
QEI Interrupt Set register (QEISET 0x400B CFEC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710
QEI Interrupt Clear register (QEICLR 0x400B CFE8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
QEI Interrupt Enable register (QEIIE 0x400B CFE4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712
QEI Interrupt Enable Set register (QEIIES 0x400B CFDC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713
QEI Interrupt Enable Clear register (QEIIEC 0x400B CFD8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714

Chapter 29: LPC178x/7x Real Time Clock (RTC)

29.1
Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29.2
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29.3
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29.4
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29.5
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29.6
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29.6.1
RTC interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29.6.2
Miscellaneous register group . . . . . . . . . . . .
29.6.2.1 Interrupt Location Register (ILR - 0x4002
4000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29.6.2.2 Clock Control Register (CCR - 0x4002 4008)
UM10470

User manual

715
715
715
716
717
717
719
719

29.6.2.3

719
719

29.6.3.2

29.6.2.4
29.6.2.5
29.6.2.6
29.6.3
29.6.3.1

Counter Increment Interrupt Register (CIIR 0x4002 400C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720

Alarm Mask Register (AMR - 0x4002 4010) 720
RTC Auxiliary control register (RTC_AUX 0x4002 405C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
RTC Auxiliary Enable register (RTC_AUXEN 0x4002 4058) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Consolidated time registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722
Consolidated Time Register 0 (CTIME0 0x4002 4014) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722
Consolidated Time Register 1 (CTIME1 0x4002 4018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1027 of 1035

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

29.6.3.3
29.6.4
29.6.4.1
29.6.4.2
29.6.5

Consolidated Time Register 2 (CTIME2 0x4002 401C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

Time Counter Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
Leap year calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
Calibration register (CALIBRATION - address
0x4002 4040) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
Calibration procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724
Backward calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .724

29.6.6
29.6.6.1

29.6.7
29.7

Forward calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724

General purpose registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
General purpose registers 0 to 4 (GPREG0 to
GPREG4 - addresses 0x4002 4044 to
0x4002 4054) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
Alarm register group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
RTC usage notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

Chapter 30: LPC178x/7x Event Monitor/Recorder

30.1
30.2
30.3
30.4
30.5
30.6
30.6.1

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Event Monitor/Recorder Control Register
(ERCONTROL - 0x4002 4084). . . . . . . . . . .
30.6.2
Event Monitor/Recorder Status Register
(ERSTATUS - 0x4002 4080). . . . . . . . . . . . .

726
726
726
727
729
729

30.6.3
30.6.4

30.6.5

730

Event Monitor/Recorder Counters Register

(ERCOUNTERS - 0x4002 4088) . . . . . . . . . 733
Event Monitor/Recorder First Stamp Register
(ERFIRSTSTAMP0 - 0x0x4002 4090,
ERFIRSTSTAMP1 - 0x0x4002 4094,
ERFIRSTSTAMP2 - 0x4002 4098) . . . . . . . 733
Event Monitor/Recorder Last Stamp Register
(ERLASTSTAMP0 - 0x0x4002 40A0,
ERLASTSTAMP1 - 0x0x4002 40A4,
ERLASTSTAMP2 - 0x4002 40A8) . . . . . . . . 734

732

Chapter 31: LPC178x/7x Windowed Watchdog Timer (WWDT)

31.1
31.2
31.3
31.4
31.4.1

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738
Watchdog Mode register (WDMOD 0x4000 0000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738
31.4.2
Watchdog Timer Constant register (WDTC - base
+ -x04) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739

31.4.3

Watchdog Feed register (WDFEED 0x4000 0008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739

31.4.4
Watchdog Timer Value register (WDTV 0x4000 000C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740
31.4.5
Watchdog Timer Warning Interrupt register
(WDWARNINT - 0x4000 0014) . . . . . . . . . . 740
31.4.6
Watchdog Timer Window register (WDWINDOW 0x4000 0018) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740
31.5
Watchdog timing examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741

Chapter 32: LPC178x/7x Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

32.1
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.5
32.5.1

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745
A/D Control Register (AD0CR - 0x4003 4000) . . .
746
32.5.2
A/D Global Data Register (AD0GDR 0x4003 4004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747

32.5.3

A/D Interrupt Enable register (AD0INTEN 0x4003 400C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32.5.4
A/D Data Registers (AD0DR0 to AD0DR7 0x4003 4010 to 0x4003 402C). . . . . . . . . . .
32.5.5
A/D Status register (ADSTAT - 0x4003 4030)
32.5.6
A/D Trim register (ADTRIM - 0x4003 4034).
32.6
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32.6.1
Hardware-triggered conversion . . . . . . . . . .
32.6.2
Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32.6.3
Accuracy vs. digital receiver . . . . . . . . . . . .
32.6.4
DMA control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

748
749
750
751
752
752
752
752
752

Chapter 33: LPC178x/7x Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

33.1
33.2
33.3
33.4
33.5
33.5.1

Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
D/A Converter Register (DACR - 0x4008 C000) .
755

UM10470

User manual

33.5.2

D/A Converter Control register (DACCTRL 0x4008 C004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.5.3
D/A Converter Counter Value register
(DACCNTVAL - 0x4008 C008). . . . . . . . . . .
33.6
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33.6.1
DMA counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33.6.2
Double buffering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

755
756
757
757
757

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1028 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

Chapter 34: LPC178x/7x General Purpose DMA controller

34.1
Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758
34.2
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758
34.3
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758
34.4
Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
34.4.1
DMA controller functional description . . . . . . 759
34.4.1.1 AHB slave interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
34.4.1.2 Control logic and register bank . . . . . . . . . . . 760
34.4.1.3 DMA request and response interface . . . . . . 760
34.4.1.4 Channel logic and channel register bank . . . 760
34.4.1.5 Interrupt request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
34.4.1.6 AHB master interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
34.4.1.6.1 Bus and transfer widths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
34.4.1.6.2 Endian behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
34.4.1.6.3 Error conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762
34.4.1.7 Channel hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
34.4.1.8 DMA request priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
34.4.1.9 Interrupt generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
34.4.2
DMA system connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
34.4.2.1 DMA request signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
34.4.2.2 DMA response signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
34.4.2.3 DMA request connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
34.5
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765
34.5.1
DMA Interrupt Status register (DMACIntStat 0x2008 0000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767
34.5.2
DMA Interrupt Terminal Count Request Status
register (DMACIntTCStat - 0x2008 0004). . . 767
34.5.3
DMA Interrupt Terminal Count Request Clear
register (DMACIntTCClear - 0x2008 0008) . 767
34.5.4
DMA Interrupt Error Status register
(DMACIntErrStat - 0x2008 000C) . . . . . . . . . 767
34.5.5
DMA Interrupt Error Clear register
(DMACIntErrClr - 0x2008 0010) . . . . . . . . . . 768
34.5.6
DMA Raw Interrupt Terminal Count Status register
(DMACRawIntTCStat - 0x2008 0014). . . . . . 768
34.5.7
DMA Raw Error Interrupt Status register
(DMACRawIntErrStat - 0x2008 0018). . . . . . 768
34.5.8
DMA Enabled Channel register
(DMACEnbldChns - 0x2008 001C). . . . . . . . 769
34.5.9
DMA Software Burst Request register
(DMACSoftBReq - 0x2008 0020) . . . . . . . . . 769
34.5.10 DMA Software Single Request register
(DMACSoftSReq - 0x2008 0024) . . . . . . . . . 769
34.5.11 DMA Software Last Burst Request register
(DMACSoftLBReq - 0x2008 0028) . . . . . . . . 770
34.5.12 DMA Software Last Single Request register
(DMACSoftLSReq - 0x2008 002C). . . . . . . . 770

34.5.13

DMA Configuration register (DMACConfig 0x2008 0030) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771

34.5.14 DMA Synchronization register (DMACSync 0x2008 0034) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771
34.5.15 DMA Request Select register (DMACReqSel 0x400F C1C4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772
34.5.15.1 Timer DMA requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772
34.5.16 DMA Channel registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
34.5.17 DMA Channel Source Address registers
(DMACCxSrcAddr - 0x2008 01x0). . . . . . . . 773
34.5.18 DMA Channel Destination Address registers
(DMACCxDestAddr - 0x2008 01x4). . . . . . . 773
34.5.19 DMA Channel Linked List Item registers
(DMACCxLLI - 0x2008 01x8). . . . . . . . . . . . 774
34.5.20 DMA channel control registers (DMACCxControl 0x2008 01xC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774
34.5.20.1 Protection and access information. . . . . . . . 774
34.5.21 DMA Channel Configuration registers
(DMACCxConfig - 0x2008 01x0) . . . . . . . . . 776
34.5.21.1 Lock control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
34.5.21.2 Transfer type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778
34.6
Using the DMA controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779
34.6.1
Programming the DMA controller. . . . . . . . . 779
34.6.1.1 Enabling the DMA controller . . . . . . . . . . . . 779
34.6.1.2 Disabling the DMA controller . . . . . . . . . . . . 779
34.6.1.3 Enabling a DMA channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779
34.6.1.4 Disabling a DMA channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779
Disabling a DMA channel and losing data in the
FIFO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779
Disabling the DMA channel without losing data in
the FIFO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779
34.6.1.5 Setting up a new DMA transfer . . . . . . . . . . 779
34.6.1.6 Halting a DMA channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780
34.6.1.7 Programming a DMA channel . . . . . . . . . . . 780
34.6.2
Flow control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780
34.6.2.1 Peripheral-to-memory or memory-to-peripheral
DMA flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781
34.6.2.2 Peripheral-to-peripheral DMA flow. . . . . . . . 781
34.6.2.3 Memory-to-memory DMA flow . . . . . . . . . . . 782
34.6.3
Interrupt requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
34.6.3.1 Hardware interrupt sequence flow . . . . . . . . 783
34.6.4
Address generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
34.6.4.1 Word-aligned transfers across a boundary . 783
34.6.5
Scatter/gather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
34.6.5.1 Linked list items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
34.6.5.1.1 Programming the DMA controller for
scatter/gather DMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
34.6.5.1.2 Example of scatter/gather DMA. . . . . . . . . . 785

Chapter 35: LPC178x/7x CRC engine

35.1
35.2
35.3
35.4

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UM10470

User manual

787
787
788
789

35.4.1
35.4.2

CRC mode register (CRC_MODE - 0x2009 0000)

789
CRC seed register (CRC_SEED - 0x2009 0004)
789

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1029 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

35.4.3
35.4.4

CRC checksum register (CRC_SUM 0x2009 0008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789

CRC data register (CRC_DATA - 0x2009 0008). .
790

35.5

Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791

CRC-CCITT set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
CRC-16 set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
CRC-32 set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791

Chapter 36: LPC178x/7x EEPROM memory

36.1
Basic configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
36.2
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
36.3
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
36.4
Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
36.4.1
EEPROM control registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
36.4.1.1 EEPROM command register (EECMD 0x0020 0080) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
36.4.1.2 EEPROM address register (EEADDR 0x0020 0084) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
36.4.1.3 EEPROM write data register (EEWDATA 0x0020 0088) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
36.4.1.4 EEPROM read data register (EERDATA 0x0020 008C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795
36.4.1.5 EEPROM wait state register (EEWSTATE 0x0020 0090) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795
36.4.1.6 EEPROM clock divider register (EECLKDIV 0x0020 0094) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796
36.4.1.7 EEPROM power down register (EEPWRDWN 0x0020 0098) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796

36.4.2
36.4.2.1

Interrupt registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797

Interrupt enable register (EEINTEN 0x0020 0FE4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
36.4.2.2 Interrupt enable clear register (EEINTENCLR,
0x0020 0FD8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
36.4.2.3 Interrupt enable set register (EEINTENSET 0x0020 0FDC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798
36.4.2.4 Interrupt status register (EEINTSTAT 0x0020 0FE0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798
36.4.2.5 Interrupt status clear register (0x0020 0FE8) 799
36.4.2.6 Interrupt status set (EEINTSTATSET 0x0020 0FEC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
36.5
EEPROM operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
36.5.1
EEPROM device description . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
36.5.2
EEPROM operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
36.5.2.1 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
36.5.2.2 Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802
36.5.2.3 Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802
36.5.2.4 Error responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803

Chapter 37: LPC178x/7x Flash memory

37.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
37.2
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
37.3
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
37.3.1
Memory map after any reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
37.3.1.1 Criterion for Valid User Code . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
37.3.2
Communication protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
37.3.2.1 ISP command format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
37.3.2.2 ISP response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
37.3.2.3 ISP data format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
37.3.2.4 ISP flow control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
37.3.2.5 ISP command abort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
37.3.2.6 Interrupts during IAP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
37.3.2.7 RAM used by ISP command handler . . . . . . 807
37.3.2.8 RAM used by Boot process prior to entering user
program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
37.3.2.9 RAM used by IAP command handler . . . . . . 807
37.4
Boot process flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808
37.5
Sector numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
37.6
Code Read Protection (CRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . 810
37.7
ISP commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
37.7.1
Unlock <Unlock code> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
37.7.2
Set Baud Rate <Baud Rate> <stop bit> . . . . 813
37.7.3
Echo <setting> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
37.7.4
Write to RAM <start address> <number of
bytes> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
37.7.5
Read Memory <address> <no. of bytes> . . . 814
37.7.6
Prepare sector(s) for write operation <start sector
number> <end sector number> . . . . . . . . . . 815
UM10470

User manual

37.7.7
37.7.8
37.7.9
37.7.10
37.7.11
37.7.12
37.7.13
37.7.14
37.7.15
37.8
37.8.1
37.8.2
37.8.3
37.8.4
37.8.5
37.8.6
37.8.7
37.8.8
37.8.9
37.8.10
37.9
37.10
37.10.1

Copy RAM to Flash <flash address> <RAM

address> <no of bytes> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
Go <address> <mode> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
Erase sector(s) <start sector number> <end
sector number> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
Blank check sector(s) <sector number> <end
sector number> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
Read Part Identification number . . . . . . . . . 817
Read Boot Code version number. . . . . . . . . 818
Read device serial number . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
Compare <address1> <address2> <no of
bytes> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
ISP Return Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
IAP commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820
Prepare sector(s) for write operation . . . . . . 822
Copy RAM to Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822
Erase Sector(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823
Blank check sector(s). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823
Read part identification number . . . . . . . . . . 823
Read Boot Code version number. . . . . . . . . 824
Read device serial number . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824
Compare <address1> <address2> <no of
bytes> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824
Re-invoke ISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825
IAP Status Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825
JTAG flash programming interface . . . . . . . 825
Flash signature generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826
Register description for signature generation 826

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

1030 of 1035

UM10470

NXP Semiconductors

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

37.10.1.1 Signature generation address and control

registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
37.10.1.2 Signature generation result registers . . . . . . 827
37.10.1.3 Flash Module Status register (FMSTAT 0x0x0020 0FE0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828

37.10.1.4 Flash Module Status Clear register (FMSTATCLR

- 0x0x0020 0FE8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828
37.10.2 Algorithm and procedure for signature
generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829
Signature generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829
Content verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829

Chapter 38: LPC178x/7x JTAG, Serial Wire Debug, and Trace

38.1
38.2
38.3
38.4
38.5

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Debug connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

830
830
830
831
832

38.6
JTAG TAP Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833
38.7
Debug Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834
38.8
Debug memory re-mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834
38.8.1
Memory Mapping Control register (MEMMAP 0x400F C040) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834

Chapter 39: ARM Cortex-M3 Appendix

39.1
ARM Cortex-M3 User Guide: Introduction. . 835
39.1.1
About the processor and core peripherals . . 835
39.1.1.1 System level interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836
39.1.1.2 Integrated configurable debug . . . . . . . . . . . 836
39.1.1.3 Cortex-M3 processor features and benefits
summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
39.1.1.4 Cortex-M3 core peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
39.2
ARM Cortex-M3 User Guide: Instruction Set 838
39.2.1
Instruction set summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838
Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .838
39.2.2
Intrinsic functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
39.2.3
About the instruction descriptions. . . . . . . . . 841
39.2.3.1 Operands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
39.2.3.2 Restrictions when using PC or SP . . . . . . . . 842
39.2.3.3 Flexible second operand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
39.2.3.3.1 Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
39.2.3.3.2 Register with optional shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843
39.2.3.4 Shift Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843
39.2.3.4.1 ASR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844
Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .844
39.2.3.4.2 LSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844
Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .844
39.2.3.4.3 LSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845
Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .845
39.2.3.4.4 ROR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845
Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .845
39.2.3.4.5 RRX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846
39.2.3.5 Address alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846
39.2.3.6 PC-relative expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847
Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .847
39.2.3.7 Conditional execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847
39.2.3.7.1 The condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848
39.2.3.7.2 Condition code suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848
39.2.3.8 Instruction width selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849
39.2.3.8.1 Example: Instruction width selection . . . . . . 850
39.2.4
Memory access instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851
39.2.4.1 ADR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852
39.2.4.1.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852
39.2.4.1.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852
39.2.4.1.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852
39.2.4.1.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852
UM10470

User manual

39.2.4.1.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.2 LDR and STR, immediate offset . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.2.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.2.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.2.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.2.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.2.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.3 LDR and STR, register offset . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.3.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.3.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.3.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.3.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.3.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.4 LDR and STR, unprivileged . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.4.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.4.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.4.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.4.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.4.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.5 LDR, PC-relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.5.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.5.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.5.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.5.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.5.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.6 LDM and STM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.6.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.6.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.6.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.6.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.6.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.6.6 Incorrect examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.7 PUSH and POP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.7.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.7.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.7.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.7.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.7.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.8 LDREX and STREX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.8.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.4.8.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

39.2.4.8.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865

39.2.4.8.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866
39.2.4.8.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866
39.2.4.9 CLREX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867
39.2.4.9.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867
39.2.4.9.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867
39.2.4.9.3 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867
39.2.4.9.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867
39.2.5
General data processing instructions . . . . . . 868
39.2.5.1 ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, and RSB . . . . . . . . . 869
39.2.5.1.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869
39.2.5.1.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869
39.2.5.1.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869
Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .870
39.2.5.1.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870
39.2.5.1.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870
39.2.5.1.6 Multiword arithmetic examples . . . . . . . . . . . 870
39.2.5.2 AND, ORR, EOR, BIC, and ORN . . . . . . . . . 872
39.2.5.2.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872
39.2.5.2.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872
39.2.5.2.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872
39.2.5.2.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872
39.2.5.2.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872
39.2.5.3 ASR, LSL, LSR, ROR, and RRX . . . . . . . . . 874
39.2.5.3.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874
39.2.5.3.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874
39.2.5.3.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874
39.2.5.3.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
39.2.5.3.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
39.2.5.4 CLZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
39.2.5.4.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
39.2.5.4.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
39.2.5.4.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
39.2.5.4.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
39.2.5.4.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
39.2.5.5 CMP and CMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
39.2.5.5.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
39.2.5.5.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
39.2.5.5.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
39.2.5.5.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
39.2.5.5.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
39.2.5.6 MOV and MVN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878
39.2.5.6.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878
39.2.5.6.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878
39.2.5.6.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
39.2.5.6.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
39.2.5.6.5 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
39.2.5.7 MOVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
39.2.5.7.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
39.2.5.7.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
39.2.5.7.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
39.2.5.7.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
39.2.5.7.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
39.2.5.8 REV, REV16, REVSH, and RBIT . . . . . . . . . 881
39.2.5.8.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881
39.2.5.8.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881
39.2.5.8.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881
39.2.5.8.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881
UM10470

User manual

39.2.5.8.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.5.9 TST and TEQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.5.9.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.5.9.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.5.9.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.5.9.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.5.9.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6
Multiply and divide instructions . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.1 MUL, MLA, and MLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.1.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.1.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.1.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.1.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.1.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.2 UMULL, UMLAL, SMULL, and SMLAL . . . .
39.2.6.2.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.2.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.2.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.2.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.2.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.3 SDIV and UDIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.3.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.3.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.3.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.3.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.6.3.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.7
Saturating instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.7.1 SSAT and USAT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.7.1.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.7.1.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.7.1.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.7.1.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.7.1.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8
Bitfield instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.1 BFC and BFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.1.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.1.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.1.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.1.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.1.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.2 SBFX and UBFX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.2.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.2.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.2.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.2.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.2.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.3 SXT and UXT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.3.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.3.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.3.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.3.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.8.3.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.9
Branch and control instructions . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.9.1 B, BL, BX, and BLX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.9.1.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.9.1.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.9.1.3 Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.2.9.1.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

39.2.9.1.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898

39.2.9.2 CBZ and CBNZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
39.2.9.2.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
39.2.9.2.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
39.2.9.2.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
39.2.9.2.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
39.2.9.2.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
39.2.9.3 IT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900
39.2.9.3.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900
39.2.9.3.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900
39.2.9.3.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900
39.2.9.3.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
39.2.9.3.5 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
39.2.9.4 TBB and TBH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
39.2.9.4.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
39.2.9.4.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
39.2.9.4.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
39.2.9.4.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
39.2.9.4.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
39.2.10 Miscellaneous instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905
39.2.10.1 BKPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906
39.2.10.1.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906
39.2.10.1.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906
39.2.10.1.3 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906
39.2.10.1.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906
39.2.10.2 CPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
39.2.10.2.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
39.2.10.2.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
39.2.10.2.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
39.2.10.2.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
39.2.10.2.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
39.2.10.3 DMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908
39.2.10.3.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908
39.2.10.3.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908
39.2.10.3.3 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908
39.2.10.3.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908
39.2.10.4 DSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
39.2.10.4.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
39.2.10.4.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
39.2.10.4.3 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
39.2.10.4.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
39.2.10.5 ISB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910
39.2.10.5.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910
39.2.10.5.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910
39.2.10.5.3 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910
39.2.10.5.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910
39.2.10.6 MRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
39.2.10.6.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
39.2.10.6.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
39.2.10.6.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
39.2.10.6.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
39.2.10.6.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
39.2.10.7 MSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912
39.2.10.7.1 Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912
39.2.10.7.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912
Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .912
39.2.10.7.3 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912
39.2.10.7.4 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912
UM10470

User manual

39.2.10.7.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912

39.2.10.8 NOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
39.2.10.8.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
39.2.10.8.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
39.2.10.8.3 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
39.2.10.8.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
39.2.10.9 SEV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914
39.2.10.9.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914
39.2.10.9.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914
39.2.10.9.3 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914
39.2.10.9.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914
39.2.10.10 SVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
39.2.10.10.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
39.2.10.10.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
39.2.10.10.3 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
39.2.10.10.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
39.2.10.11 WFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916
39.2.10.11.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916
39.2.10.11.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916
39.2.10.11.3 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916
39.2.10.11.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916
39.2.10.12 WFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917
39.2.10.12.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917
39.2.10.12.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917
39.2.10.12.3 Condition flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917
39.2.10.12.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917
39.3
ARM Cortex-M3 User Guide: Processor . . . 918
39.3.1
Programmers model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918
39.3.1.1 Processor mode and privilege levels for software
execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918
39.3.1.2 Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918
39.3.1.3 Core registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919
39.3.1.3.1 General-purpose registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920
39.3.1.3.2 Stack Pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920
39.3.1.3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Link Register 920
39.3.1.3.4 Program Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920
39.3.1.3.5 Program Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920
39.3.1.3.6 Exception mask registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924
39.3.1.3.7 CONTROL register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925
39.3.1.4 Exceptions and interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925
39.3.1.5 Data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926
39.3.1.6 The Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface
Standard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926
39.3.2
Memory model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928
39.3.2.1 Memory regions, types and attributes . . . . . 928
39.3.2.2 Memory system ordering of memory
accesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929
39.3.2.3 Behavior of memory accesses . . . . . . . . . . 930
39.3.2.4 Software ordering of memory accesses. . . . 930
39.3.2.5 Bit-banding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931
39.3.2.5.1 Directly accessing an alias region . . . . . . . . 933
39.3.2.5.2 Directly accessing a bit-band region . . . . . . 933
39.3.2.6 Memory endianness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934
39.3.2.6.1 Little-endian format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934
39.3.2.7 Synchronization primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934
39.3.2.8 Programming hints for the synchronization
primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935
39.3.3
Exception model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936

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Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

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39.3.3.1 Exception states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39.3.3.2 Exception types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.3.3 Exception handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.3.4 Vector table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.3.5 Exception priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.3.6 Interrupt priority grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.3.7 Exception entry and return . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.3.7.1 Exception entry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.3.7.2 Exception return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.4
Fault handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.4.1 Fault types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.4.2 Fault escalation and hard faults . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.4.3 Fault status registers and fault address
registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.4.4 Lockup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.5
Power management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.5.1 Entering sleep mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.5.1.1 Wait for interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.5.1.2 Wait for event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.5.1.3 Sleep-on-exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.5.2 Wakeup from sleep mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.5.2.1 Wakeup from WFI or sleep-on-exit. . . . . . . .
39.3.5.2.2 Wakeup from WFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.3.5.3 The Wakeup Interrupt Controller . . . . . . . . .
39.3.5.4 Power management programming hints. . . .
39.4
ARM Cortex-M3 User Guide: Peripherals . .
39.4.1
About the Cortex-M3 peripherals . . . . . . . . .
39.4.2
Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller . . . . . .
39.4.2.1 The CMSIS mapping of the Cortex-M3 NVIC
registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.2.2 Interrupt Set-enable Registers . . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.2.3 Interrupt Clear-enable Registers. . . . . . . . . .
39.4.2.4 Interrupt Set-pending Registers . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.2.5 Interrupt Clear-pending Registers. . . . . . . . .
39.4.2.6 Interrupt Active Bit Registers . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.2.7 Interrupt Priority Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.2.8 Software Trigger Interrupt Register . . . . . . .
39.4.2.9 Level-sensitive and pulse interrupts . . . . . . .
39.4.2.9.1 Hardware and software control of interrupts.
39.4.2.10 NVIC design hints and tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.2.10.1 NVIC programming hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.3
System control block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.3.1 The CMSIS mapping of the Cortex-M3 SCB
registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.3.2 Auxiliary Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.3.2.1 About IT folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.3.3 CPUID Base Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39.4.3.4 Interrupt Control and State Register . . . . . . .
39.4.3.5 Vector Table Offset Register . . . . . . . . . . . . .

936
936
938
939
939
940
940
941
942
944
944
945
945
946
947
947
947
947
948
948
948
948
948
949
950
950
951
951
952
952
953
953
954
954
955
955
956
956
957
958
958
958
959
959
959
961

39.4.3.6

Application Interrupt and Reset Control

Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962
39.4.3.6.1 Binary point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963
39.4.3.7 System Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963
39.4.3.8 Configuration and Control Register . . . . . . . 964
39.4.3.9 System Handler Priority Registers . . . . . . . . 965
39.4.3.9.1 System Handler Priority Register 1 . . . . . . . 966
39.4.3.9.2 System Handler Priority Register 2 . . . . . . . 966
39.4.3.9.3 System Handler Priority Register 3 . . . . . . . 966
39.4.3.10 System Handler Control and State Register 966
Caution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967
39.4.3.11 Configurable Fault Status Register . . . . . . . 968
39.4.3.11.1 Memory Management Fault Status Register 968
39.4.3.11.2 Bus Fault Status Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969
39.4.3.11.3 Usage Fault Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . 970
39.4.3.12 Hard Fault Status Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972
39.4.3.13 Memory Management Fault Address
Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972
39.4.3.14 Bus Fault Address Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972
39.4.3.15 System control block design hints and tips . 973
39.4.4
System timer, SysTick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974
39.4.4.1 SysTick Control and Status Register . . . . . . 974
39.4.4.2 SysTick Reload Value Register . . . . . . . . . . 975
39.4.4.2.1 Calculating the RELOAD value . . . . . . . . . . 975
39.4.4.3 SysTick Current Value Register . . . . . . . . . . 975
39.4.4.4 SysTick Calibration Value Register . . . . . . . 975
39.4.4.5 SysTick design hints and tips. . . . . . . . . . . . 976
39.4.5
Memory protection unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977
39.4.5.1 MPU Type Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978
39.4.5.2 MPU Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979
39.4.5.3 MPU Region Number Register . . . . . . . . . . 980
39.4.5.4 MPU Region Base Address Register. . . . . . 980
39.4.5.4.1 The ADDR field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981
39.4.5.5 MPU Region Attribute and Size Register. . . 981
39.4.5.5.1 SIZE field values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982
39.4.5.6 MPU access permission attributes. . . . . . . . 983
39.4.5.7 MPU mismatch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984
39.4.5.8 Updating an MPU region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984
39.4.5.8.1 Updating an MPU region using separate
words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984
39.4.5.8.2 Updating an MPU region using multi-word
writes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985
39.4.5.8.3 Subregions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986
39.4.5.9 MPU design hints and tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987
39.4.5.9.1 MPU configuration for a microcontroller . . . 987
39.5
ARM Cortex-M3 User Guide: Glossary . . . . 988

continued >>

UM10470

User manual

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.

Rev. 1.5 6 July 2011

NXP B.V. 2011. All rights reserved.

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Chapter 40: Supplementary information

Chapter 40: Supplementary information

40.1
40.2
40.2.1
40.2.2
40.2.3

Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1035

992
993
993
993
993

40.3
40.4
40.5

Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994
Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008
Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011

Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s)
described herein, have been included in section Legal information.

NXP B.V. 2011.

All rights reserved.

For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com

For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
Date of release: 6 July 2011
Document identifier: UM10470