Practical Training Report
On
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
Submitted
By
S.ANJANA
(Reg.No:921512413003)
In the partial fulfillment of the requirement
For the award of the degree
MASTER OF ENGINEERING
IN
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
ANNA UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI 600 025
NOVEMBER 2013
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certify that this Practical training report titled Analysis & Design of a School Building
is the bonafide work of S.ANJANA (REG NO: 921512413003) Certify further, that to the best of
my knowledge the work reported here in does not form part of any other report or dissertation on
the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this for any other
candidates.
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Dr. B.KAMESHWARI
PROFESSOR & HEAD
CIVIL ENGINEERING
RATNAVEL SUBRAMANIAM COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECH.,
DINDIGUL.
This is to certify that the candidate was examined by us in the Practical Traning Report held
at Ratnavel Subramaniam College of Engg. & Tech., Dindigul on ..
INTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First I thank the almighty for showering his blessing for completing this practical training
work sucessfully
I express my sincere and heartfelt thanks to the management and correspondent and
principal Dr.S.HARI KRISHNAN for providing all necessary facilities and support for carry out
this training program successfully.
I wish to place on record our deep since of gratitude to Dr.B.KAMESHWARI Head of the
Department, Civil Engineering whose good wishes, inspiration and support were active in
accomplishing this task.
My special thanks to our ME coordinator Dr.M.NITHYADHARAN., Associate professor,
in Civil Engineering for his in valuable guidance and suggestions to complete my practical training
work in successful way.
I express a special thanks to Mr.A.SURESH KUMAR, Assistant Professor, Civil
Engineering for his in valuable guidance and suggestions to complete my practical training work in
successful way.
I convey my in most gratitude to the staff of department of Civil Engineering for the
competent support in the execution of work.
I am especially thankful to Mr.S.VISWANATHAN. For allowing me to undergo in plant training
program in the esteemed consultancy.
CONTENTS
LIST OF SYMBOLS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: LOAD CALCULATIONS
CHAPTER 3: DESIGN OF FOOTING
CHAPTER 4: DESIGN OF FLOOR BEAMS
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
LIST OF SYMBOLS
4
Ast
Area of Steel Reinforcement
Asc
Area of Concrete
Effective depth
Overall Depth of beam or slab.
fck
Characteristic cube compressive strength of concrete
fy
Characteristic strength of steel.
Mu
Design moment of Member
Mu,lim
Limiting Moment
Pt
Percentage of reinforcement
SBC
Safe bearing capacity of soil.
Vu
Shear force due to design loads
1.0 INTRODUCTION:
5
Structural Design is An Art of understanding the Behavior of Structural Elements
subjected to different types of Loads.
This Training Report deals with an Analysis and Design of G+2 Reinforced Concrete
school building. The building is a Framed Structure, in which the members are manually designed.
The loads are taken as per the IS codes and the structure is designed in detail using Limit
State Method. The members are designed by M20 concrete mix and Fe415 high yield strength
deformed bars.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE TRAINING:
The main objective of the training session was to gain knowledge about the
Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures.
1.2 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN:
For the structural analysis and design of the project , the following steps are considered :
Calculation of total loads
The design of foundation and beams has been done by limit state design using IS 456
2000.
Typical frames were analysed by simplified substitute frame method
R.C.C design of buildings can be carried out mainly by three methods. They are namely: (1)
Working stress method, (2) Ultimate load method and (3) Limit state method.
The Limit state method is now in vogue in all government design offices and premier private
consulting firms. The Bureau of Indian Standards have published I.S.:456-2000
incorporating the use of Limit state Method of design. The designer should therefore get
well versed with the theory of Limit State Method of design.
Working Stress Method: Used over decades, this method is now practically outdated
because of its inherent limitations.
The IS:456-2000 code gives emphasis on Limit State Method.
Limit State Method is a judicious amalgamation of Working Stress Method and Ultimate
Load Method, removing the drawbacks of both the methods but retaining their good points. It is
6
also based on sound scientific principles and backed by years of research. The Limit State Method
has proved to have an edge over the Working Stress Method from the economic point of view and
is more rational. Consequently we need not stick to Working Stress Method any more.
Accordingly, all designs of R.C.C. structures are to be made as per Limit State Method.
Codes: In carrying out the design calculations, one has to comply with the provisions of
various I.S. Codes. Use of special publications of the Bureau of Indian Standards and
Hand Books which contain readymade design tables can be made.
General Technical Guidelines
o The designer is advised to study these and I.S. codes carefully and all their
provisions are to be satisfied.
Special Provisions
o Besides analytical part of structural design, following factors should also be
kept in mind while designing the structure.
(a) Strength of structure.
(b) Durability of structure.
(c) Serviceability of structure, during construction as well as during design life time.
(d) Economy in the use of building materials and ease of construction.
(e) Economy in the construction process such as in centering and form work.
(f) Aesthetics of the completed structure.
2.0 LOAD CALCULATIONS:
2.1 COLUMN C1:
Reaction due to self weight of column
= 0.230.4515.425
= 39.85 kN
7
Reaction due to self weight of brick work
= 0.23(3.353+2)6.3219.2
= 336.3 kN
Reaction due to self weight of beam
= 0.230.456.32254
= 65.4 kN
Reaction due to self weight of tie
= 0.230.236.3225
= 8.36 kN
Slab loads:
Floor slab:
Self weight of slab
= 0.12525
= 3.125 kN/m2
Floor finish
= 0.0523
= 1.15 kN/m2
= 4 kN/m2
Live load
= 8.28 kN/m2 8.3 kN/m2
Terrace:
Self weight of slab
= 0.12525
= 3.125 kN/m2
Weathering course
= 0.07519.2
= 1.44 kN/m2
Tile
= 0.02023
= 0.46 kN/m2
= 1.5 kN/m2
Live load
= 6.525 kN/m2 6.6 kN/m2
Reaction due to self weight of slab
= (3.163.168.32)
+ (3.163.166.61)
= 231.66 kN
Axial load
= 39.85+ 336.3+ 65.4+ 8.36+ 231.66
= 681.57 kN
2.2 COLUMN C2:
8
Reaction due to self weight of column
= 0.230.4515.425
= 39.85 kN
Reaction due to self weight of brick work
= 0.23(3.353+2)6.3219.2
= 336.3 kN
Reaction due to self weight of beam
= 0.230.457.5254
= 77.6 kN
Reaction due to self weight of tie
= 0.230.237.525
= 9.92 kN
Reaction due to self weight of slab
= (4.343.168.32)
+ (4.343.166.61)
= 318.2 kN
Axial load
= 39.85+ 336.3+ 77.6+ 9.92+ 318.2
= 781.87 kN
2.3 COLUMN C3:
Reaction due to self weight of column
= 0.230.4515.425
= 39.85 kN
Reaction due to self weight of brick work
= 0.23(3.353+2)3.1619.2
= 168 kN
Reaction due to self weight of beam
= 0.230.454.34254
= 44.92 kN
Reaction due to self weight of tie
= 0.230.234.3425
= 5.7 kN
Reaction due to self weight of slab
= (3.161.188.32)
+ (3.161.186.61)
= 86.51 kN
Axial load
= 39.85+ 168+ 44.92 + 5.7 + 86.51
= 344.98 kN
9
2.4 COLUMN C4:
Reaction due to self weight of column
= 0.230.4515.425
= 39.85 kN
Reaction due to self weight of brick work
= [0.23(3.352+2)7.119.2]
+ [0.233.353.219.2]
= 320 kN
Reaction due to self weight of beam
= [0.230.457.1253]
+ [0.230.453.225]
= 63.39 kN
Reaction due to self weight of tie
= 0.230.237.125
= 9.4 kN
Reaction due to self weight of slab
= (3.93.28.32)
+ (5.083.26.61)
= 314.46 kN
Axial load
= 39.85+ 320+ 63.39 + 9.4 + 314.46
= 747 kN
2.5 COLUMN C5:
Reaction due to self weight of column
= 0.230.4510.625
= 27.4 kN
Reaction due to self weight of brick work
= 0.23(3.352+2)7.119.2
= 272.78 kN
Reaction due to self weight of beam
= 0.230.458.28253
= 64.27 kN
Reaction due to self weight of tie
= 0.230.238.2825
= 10.95 kN
Reaction due to self weight of slab
= 5.083.28.32
10
= 269.85 kN
Axial load
= 27.4 + 272.78 + 64.27 + 10.95
+269.85
= 645.25 kN
2.6 COLUMN C6:
Reaction due to self weight of column
= 0.230.4515.425
= 39.85 kN
Reaction due to self weight of brick work
= [0.23(3.352+2)3.219.2]
+ [0.233.353.219.2]
= 170.28 kN
Reaction due to self weight of beam
= [0.230.454.38253]
+ [0.230.453.225]
= 42.28 kN
Reaction due to self weight of tie
= 0.230.234.3825
= 5.79 kN
Reaction due to self weight of slab
= (3.21.188.32)
+ (3.25.086.61)
= 169.97 kN
Axial load
= 39.85+ 170.28 + 42.28 + 5.79
+169.97
= 428.17 Kn
2.7 COLUMN C7:
Reaction due to self weight of column
= 0.230.4515.425
= 39.85 kN
Reaction due to self weight of brick work
= [0.23(3.352+2)7.2419.2]
+ [0.233.356.0519.2]
11
= 367.66 kN
Reaction due to self weight of beam
= 0.230.458.55254
= 88.49 kN
Reaction due to self weight of tie
= 0.230.238.5525
= 11.31 kN
Reaction due to self weight of slab
= (4.474.088.31)
+ (3.164.088.31)
+(3.164.086.61)
= 343.47 kN
Axial load
= 39.85+ 367.66 + 88.49 + 11.31
+343.47
= 850.78 kN
3.0 DESIGN OF FOOTING:
DATA:
SBC
= 30 t/m2 (or) 300 kN/m2
Load calculated for G+2 storey is 68.2 tons on column C1.
SIZE OF FOOTING:
12
Column load
= 68200 kg
Self weight of footing
= 6820 kg
Total load
= 68200+6820
= 75020 kg
Area required
75020
30000
= 2.5 m2.
Provide 1.58 m 1.58 m footing.
Upward pressure
BMx
68200
1.58 1.58
kg m 2
30000
0.675 2
30000
1.58
2
11000 kgm.
13
30000
BMy
0.565 2
1.58
2
7600 kgm.
Let D = 600 mm , providing 12 mm dia
dX
= 600-50-6 = 544 mm
dY
= 600-50-12-6 = 532 mm
FLEXURE:
In X direction
M u 1.5 10 4 11000
bd 2
750 544 2
= 0.743 N/mm2
From SP 16 Table 2,
pt
Ast
= 0.216
0.216
75 54.4
100
= 8.8 cm2.
0.12
158 75
45
2
100
158 9.4
Ast, min , Min steel
= 8.1 cm2.
14
From SP 16 Table 95,
Provide 8 nos of 12 mm dia bars
In Y direction
M u 1.5 10 4 7600
bd 2
530 532 2
= 0.759 N/mm2
From SP 16 Table 2,
pt
Ast
= 0.221
0.221
53 53.2
100
= 6.2 cm2.
0.12
158 53
45
2
100
158 8.2
Ast, min , Min steel
= 7.3 cm2.
From SP 16 Table 95,
Provide 8 nos of 12 mm dia bars
15
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
Critical shear occurs at a distance d from the face of the column.
In X direction
94
dX
450
131
525
= 206 mm.
bX
450 2 544
= 1538 mm.
pt
8 1.13 100
153.8 20.6
= 0.285
From SP 16 Table 61,
c
= 3.81 kg/cm2
Shear capacity of the section = 3.81153.820.6
= 12071 kg.
Max shear Vu
= 1.5300000.1311.58
16
= 9314 kg < 12071 kg.
In Y direction
82
dX
450
33
415
= 118 mm.
bX
230 2 532
= 1294 mm.
pt
8 1.13 100
129.4 11.8
= 0.59
From SP 16 Table 61,
c
= 5.07 kg/cm2
Shear capacity of the section = 5.07129.411.8
= 7741 kg.
Max shear Vu
= 1.5300000.0331.58
= 2346 kg < 7741 kg.
17
Hence Safe.
CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR:
d 2
Punching shear is critical at a distance
In X direction
94
dX
450
403
525
= 439 mm.
18
from the face of the column.
Area resisting punching
0.774 0.982 2 0.439
= 1.54 m2.
Punching shear
= 1.5(1.581.58 0.7740.982)30000
= 78135 kg.
Punching shear stress
78135
1.54 10 4
f ck
2
= 5.07 kg/cm < 0.25
Refer clause 31.6.3.1 of IS 456-2000
f ck
c
0.25
= 1.12 N/mm2
= 11.2 kg/cm2.
In Y direction
19
82
dY
450
299
415
= 406 mm.
Area resisting punching
0.774 0.982 2 0.406
= 1.43 m2.
Punching shear stress
78135
1.43 10 4
f ck
2
= 5.46 kg/cm < 0.25
Refer clause 31.6.3.1 of IS 456-2000
f ck
c
0.25
= 1.12 N/mm2
= 11.2 kg/cm2.
RESULT:
Size
= 15801580 mm.
Depth
= 600 mm.
20
Reinforcements
= 8 nos of 12 mm dia bars on both ways.
21
4.0 DESIGN OF FLOOR BEAMS:
Beam, B1 (230450 mm)
Assuming a cross section of 230450 mm
Self weight of beam
= 0.230.452500
= 259 kg/m
Self weight of brick work
= 0.233.81920
= 1678 kg/m
Self weight of slab
0.5 6.32 3.16 1.58 830 2
6.32
= 1967 kg/m
= 3904 kg/m 39 kN/m
Beam, B2 (230450 mm)
Assuming a cross section of 230450 mm
Self weight of beam
Self weight of slab
= 0.230.452500
0.5 2.36 1.18 830 2
2.36
= 259 kg/m
= 979 kg/m
= 1238 kg/m 12 kN/m
Stiffness & Distribution factors:
Since beam & column section is same in this case (230450 mm)
Ibeam = Icolumn
KAB
KAD = KAG =
KBC
I
6.32
I
3.8
I
2.36
22
dAB
dAD = dAG
I
6.32
I
I
I
6.32 3.8 3.8
I
3 .8
I
I
I
6.32 3.8 3.8
= 0.23
= 0.38
I
6.32
dBA
I
I
I
I
6.32 3.8 3.8 2.36
=
= 0.14
I
2.36
dBC
I
I
I
I
6.32 3.8 3.8 2.36
= 0.38
I
3 .8
dBE = dBH
dCB
dCF = dCI
I
I
I
I
6.32 3.8 3.8 2.36
I
2.36
I
I
I
2.36 3.8 3.8
I
3 .8
I
I
I
2.36 3.8 3.8
= 0.237
= 0.45
= 0.28
23
+52.7
8
+ 3.38
+6.55
-32.74
- 3.25
+49.40
-1.54
- 29.49
0.38
A
+5.01
0.23
7
0.1
B 0.3
437
8
0.23
7
0.23
0.38
0.28
0.45
0.28
-130
+130
-5.57
+5.57
+29.9
-17.79
-47.28
-2.48
+49.4
1.54
-8.9
+14.75
-29.49-1.24
+3.38
+2.05
-1.96 -3.25 -5.21
+52.78
-106.95
+5.01
+125.2
24
-32.74-59.3
-23.64+10.5 +6.55
-10.05
BEAM DESIGN:
@ Support ,
Left moment
= -106.95 kNm
Right moment
= 125.2 kNm
Effective span
= 6.32 m
Depth
= 450 mm
Cover
= 50 mm
Effective depth , d
= 400 mm
b
@ Left ,
Mu
= 230 mm
= -106.95 kNm
0.138 f ck b d 2
Mu,lim
=
= 0.138202304002
= 102 kNm < Mu
Mu
bd 2
106.95 10 6
230 400 2
= 2.9 N/mm2
From SP 16, Table 50
pt
= 0.998 ,
pc
= 0.045
25
Ast
= 918 mm2,
Asc
= 41 mm2
Provide 5 nos of 16 mm dia bars in tension side & 2 nos of 12 mm dia bars in compression side.
@ Right ,
Mu
= 125.2 kNm
0.138 f ck b d 2
Mu,lim
=
= 0.138202304002
= 102 kNm < Mu
Mu
bd 2
125.2 10 6
230 400 2
= 3.4 N/mm2
From SP 16, Table 50
pt
= 1.152 ,
pc
= 0.207
Ast
= 1060 mm2,
Asc
= 190 mm2
Provide 5 nos of 16 mm dia bars in tension side & 2 nos of 12 mm dia bars in compression side.
Mu
@ Mid span ,
wl 2
8
39 6.32 2
8
Mu
= 195 kNm
0.138 f ck b d 2
Mu,lim
=
= 0.138202304002
= 102 kNm < Mu
Effective span
The least value of
26
i)
ii)
Centre to centre
Clear span + effective depth
Lo
= 6.32 + 0.23 = 6.55 mm
= 6.32 + 0.400 = 6.72 mm
= 6.55 mm.
Effective width of flange (bf)
bf
Lo
bw 6 D f
6
6.55
0.23 6 0.125
6
= 2.072 m.
Moment capacity of flange section
0.36 f ck b f D f d 0.42 D f
Muf
=
= 0.36202072125(400 - 0.42125)
= 648 kNm > Mu
Mu
bf d 2
195 10 6
2072 400 2
= 0.588
From SP 16, Table 2
pt
= 0.169
Ast
= 1401 mm2
Provide 5 nos of 20 mm dia bars in tension side.
27
5.0 CONCLUSION:
This In-Plant Training was provided me an opportunity to understand the Analysis and
Designing of a school building by using IS codes.
This Training helps me to develop skill in the field of Design.
28
