Joseph Parsalis Nicholas Stephens EW EDITIONS sh Language Teaching +Unit 11 (Gai Unit 13 7 Examin Present Tenses Present Simple & Continuous, Stative Verbs, Present Perfact Simple & Continuous ‘Vocabulary Practice Past Tenses (1) Past Simple & Continuous Vocabulary Practice Past Tenses (2) & Pronouns Past Perfect Simple & Continuous, Used To/Would, Personal Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Possession Use of English Practice Tests 1 & 2 The Future Future Simple & Continuous, Be Going To, Present Simple & Continuous, Future Perfect Simple & Continuous Vocabulary Practice Nouns, Quantifiers & Articles Plural Nouns, Countable & Uncountable Nouns, Quantifiers, Definite & Indefinite Articles Vocabulary Practice Modals Can, Could & Be Able To, Must & Have To, May/Might, Should, Needn’t Examination Practice Use of English Practice Tests 3 & 4 Adjectives & Adverbs ‘Comparatives & Superlatives, Adverbs of Frequency, Prepositions of Time & Place Vocabulary Practice . The Passive Passive Voice, Personal & Impersonal Construction, MakelLe/Be Allowed To page page page page page page page page page Page page page page 28 34 40 46 52 56 62 66 78 84oO CONTENTS a Vocabulary Practice page 106 The Causative Form page 110 mination Practice page 112 Use of English Practice Tests 5 & 6 Infinitive & Gerund page 118 Full Infinitive, Bare Infinitive, Gerund, Too/Enough Vocabulary Practice page 130 Indirect Speech page 134 Indirect Statements, Indirect Questions, Indirect Commands & Requests, Reporting Verbs Vocabulary Practice page 144 Question Tags & So/Neither page 148 page 150 Use of English Practice Tests 7 & 8 Conditionals & Wishes page 156 Zero Conditional, First Conditional, Second Conditional, Third Conditional, Wishes, Suppose/What if ..2 Vocabulary Practice page 166 Clauses (1) page 170 Relative Clauses, Time Clauses, Result Clauses, Too/Enough “ Mocabulary Practice page 178 Unit 29 Clauses (2) page 182 Purpose Clauses, In Case, Reason Clauses, Clauses of Contrast & Concession, Participle Clauses, Not Only ... But Also Baie xainination Practice page 186 Use of English Practice Tests 9 & 10 Irregular Verbs page 192PRESENT TENSES Present Simple & Continuous, Stative Verbs, Present Perfect Simple & Continuous | Present Simple Do tiyouwelthey work? Uyoulwelthey work Does helshelit work? helshelit works 2 Habiwal actions | George always brushes his teeth in the morning. © Laws of science and nature Water boils at 100°C. © Permanent situations LHe lives near the airport. / She doesn’t work here. |G Timetables and programmed | The train leaves at 19.25. events Present Continuous Am | working? Are youlwelthey working? Is helshelit working? am working Vm not working youlwelthey are working youlwelthey aren't working he/shetie isn’t working To describe a temporary Jane is preparing o meal now. action taking place now or Tony is working in the library this summer around the time of speaking 8 For arrangements that will Peter is having a party on Saturday. take place in the near future ® For a repeated action My sister is always borrowing my clothes without asking. indicating annoyance (used with always, constantly, ete) Stative Verbs | Stative verbs [Link] used in the Present Simple tense and not the Present Continuous. ee | feel tired. | admire, appreciate, desire, like, |! really respect you. dislike, detest, fear, hate, love, She doesn’t want to come, mind, need, respect, want, wish agree, believe, expect forget, || dom't agree with you imagine, know, mean, realise, You don’t mean that. recognise, remember, understand ‘own, belong, owe, possess, have | This hotel belongs to my father. notice, appear, matter, seam, | It doesn’t matter whether you sound, cost [_came or not. ]a = naa 9 20 g Complete the following sentences by putting the verbs in Some stative verbs can be used in continuous forms, but there is a change in meaning. Instead of describing a state, they describe an activity. have | have two brothers. | She Is having a holiday in Fronce. (experiencing) feel | [feel tred | The doctor is feeling her arm. (touching) expect | | expect you're sorry now. fam expecting an answer. (waiting for) taste This soup tastes fantastic. | She is tasting the food. (tasting the flavour) see | [see thatyou have got a new car. | | am seeing the doctor today. (meeting by appointment) smell | This bread smells delicious | Why are you smelling the food? (sniffing at) think (of) i | think you're very clever. |) Lar thinking of buying a new car. forming 2 possible plan in one’s mind) Note: Hove can also be used in continuous forms when combined with a pary, baby, o dink @ bath, a meal, etc She is having a baby in the summer. He can't come to the phone; he is having a bath. Jam having lunch with my mother tomorrow. brackets into the Present Simple or Present Continuous. Mrs Owen..... .. (receive) a letter from her son every month. He +++ (study) abroad and ie cesses (never forget) to write to his mother. When I so (G0) to the dentist, (feel) tense. (not remember) new words after -..(o0t seem) to be able Kate .. studying them. She to learn them. She +++ (watch) TV at the moment. She .. (watch) TV every night before she sssscsseese (GO) t0 bed. “Hello, Sue! What ... .. (you do) over there?” Wess seve (t19) to fix this radio. 1 Jane can't come to the phone because she .. She (wash) her hair every day. ssseeuss (YOU [always | lock) your windows before you leave? | (SOW). IE. sceesessssseeeseee (Seldom snow) at this time of year, .. (668) a doctor about her headaches tomorrow morning. . (have) a wonderful house. TV cccussssssssssssee (think) Mr Brown is a very good teacher. . (think) of buying a new house. | can't afford to buy this house. I. sees (C0St) too much .» (listen) to the radio every day after work. . (wash) her hair. LOOK It .sssssceeeesssseee (Tain), Unfortunately, | ese (Rot have) my umbrella with me, During the week, | cesses: (sleep) until 8 am. Then, | eseees (Get UP), « . . (brush) my teeth, s+ (have) breakfast and ... + (G0) t0 SCHOOL I es ssseereseee secsneeeusseeeese (NeWeF miss) school. Sue .... sss (NOt Want) to visit her grandmother because her friends ...csssesssseesetevee (go) to the beach. What time sossessseeesse . (the plane / take off)? They sssesveorsenc (have) a party on Saturday5 Choose the correct word or phrase He tastes s (Ciesingythe soup at the moment to see if it needs more salt. They are visting / visit their grandparents every Sunday. What do you think / are you thinking the best way to overcome stress is? 1 2 3 4 Lanry never goes /7s going out after midnight. 5 We think / are thinking of moving to Wales. 6 Jack always is wearing / wears a suit to the office 7 Itisn’t true. | am not believing / don’t believe it. 8 Please be quiet. | am trying / try to concentrate. 9 Martha stays / is staying with Jil for the time being. 10. Marilyn doesn’ watch / isn't watching horror films 11 How are you going / do you go to work every day? 12. I can’t come with you tonight. | am seeing / see an old friend. 13. {think / am thinking that you should find another job. 14 Well done! | am admiring / admire your courage. 15 He is thinking / thinks of buying a house in the country. 16 This perfume smells /is smelling awful = Find the mistake and correct the sentence. 1 Does Paul walks to work every day? 5 Nobody think that John will pass the test. ‘ TY LAY? ee os 7 2. My mother always telling us to eat breakfast! 6 My brother don’t have a job right now. 3. What time do the last train leave? 7 My friend isn’t liking her house. 4 Hes see the dentist at 6 pm today. 8 She thinks of moving to a new apartment. | Write the questions to the answers. 3. e 1 A Where 49, [Link], 80. at ekend. B | usually go to my friend’s house at the weekend. 2 A What time «se. et ieiaieieeecetieeaetteect B { leave school at four o'clock every dey. 3A Where cacseceeenseeres es B My sister ives in London, 4 AWhat « . on Saturday night? B tam visting my grandmother, | SAL. 7 ea st .. with us to the party on Sunday? | B No, | am not. | think I will stay at home. | 6 AWhy . : . that woolly hat? ! B l feel rather cold today. | TA Secrecy Ste sess heavy coat? B No, t don’t. | only wear a heavy coat when itis cold outside, | 8 A Wheat soos fight now? | B {am doing my homework,R a Rewrite the sentences using the interrogative and the negative form, We eat out during the week. the week... he we Sheila is sitting her exams'in June, A. B No, ... Ie snows in Alaska, Ase : BNO, sssssseeee Paul likes spaghett. pAtitceetatattaetiae ie ? B No, .. Sie taieteta He comes home from work at 7 pm. A. 2 B Noy ssssee Present Continuous. £ Complate the following sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lo in 12 The children are doing. {do) their homework at the moment. Leeasteesittooeane ++ (have) lunch with Mary tomorrow. Light .. sessssses (travel) at 186,000 miles per second. 1 +» (work) in the sales department for a few days. They . (always try) to show how clever they are. It's so annoying! We : sss (G0) t0 Santorini every summer, The children sce (get) lots of presents every Christimas. Now | : sesserusseee (Femember) her name! It's Juliette, ack iestasttiaantaiettioetti (have) a small cottage in the country. The ice at the North Pole .. seve (get) thinner. The last performance She Rae (start) at eleven o'clock on Fridays. (not g0) sho Present Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Simple 7 have/has + past participle Ihave lived here since 1990. Present Perfect Continuous hhave/has + been + -ing J have been painting the house. Note: With regular verbs, the past participle is formed by adding -ed_to the infinitive. With irregular verbs, the past participle forms must be learnt. A list of the most common irregular verbs is on page 192 at the back of this book.Present Perfect Simple a Actions which started in the past and have I have worked in this office for three years. ‘ot stopped I ® Actions which occurred in the past and have an. | She's forgotten his phone number, so she can't ring him. effect on the present © Actions which occurred in the past but we do | We have seen this film before. not know or are not interested in when @ Experiences They have visited India. |. ® Achievements He has learnt three foreign languages. | & The number of umes something has happened | He's failed his crving tet four times. | 'B Actions which have occurred during an unfinished | I've done a lot of work this morning and its only ten period of time “ ‘Note: The Present Perfect Simple is also used with already, before, ever, just, never, up to now, yet, fo, since. Ive already told him about the problem. | She's just finished her project. Thave lived here for two years. He has worked there since 1997. gO oes Present Perfect Continuous uae s © Actions which started in the past and are stil going on © To emphasise how long an action has been in progress 5 Actions which may or may not have stopped and are responsible for a present condition J have been waiting all moming! He's been looking after the children; that’s why he’s exhausted. Note: The Present Perfect Continuous is also used with all day/night, for, since, lately, recently. He has been training hard lately. She has been decorating her house since Jonuary. They have been studying for their exams since October. i Pur the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. vent been, (not go) to a party since Christmas. ae It. ss (Pain) all day. Ie seems it will never stop! 3. People (call) all morning to complain about the poor service and they a still calling. actin (you / finish) your homework yet? 5 (cry) to contact Peter but his phone is always engaged. 6 He : - sess (fly) an aeroplane before but he doesn’t think he can do it now. 7 ‘What's all this mess? What. caste (you Ido)?” 8 Where ... oss (YOU J BE)PL esseseseenssseeessrnnsseessseeessnss (OOK) for you for two hours. 9 He... seen (work) in this company for 40 years and ....+.ssesseeessseesee (never cause) any trouble. 10 Since the doctor warned him about his poor health, James . sees (give up) smoki HL Someone os... +++ (use) my towel. It’s wet. 2 (wait) for you for halfan hour. Why did't you cal to say you would be late? 3 {not pay) your rent yet. You always forget. 14 . (make) up his rind not to accept the post. re ngd correcting, 0 Correct the following sentences where necessary. Put.a tick (7) below those which do not ne 1 Soméone has been smoking in here. I can smell 5 _It's the first time she is playing golf with us. cigarette smoke. 6 We've been checking the records but we haven't 2 finished yet. 7 Tom has been missing the bus so he'll be late, @ Her eyes are red because she has cried. [ "He hos never eten Chinese fod before [ This isthe frst time ...2¢.has (ever) eaten. Chinese food. 1 Jane has never played the guitar before. This is the first time 2 They have never visited a museum before. This is the first time 3 Mybrother has never had an accident before. This is the first time . a 4 Ihave never been to a rock concert before. les the first time 5 Thave never sung in front of an audience before. les the first time . ft 6 He has never listened to this kind of music before. It’s the first time ..... Sg Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. We veresenunitave missed . (miss) the bus, so we're walking to school. secsececssseee (SWim) all morning. That's why they're exhausted. He oceeesseeeseseessesseeesnseessseeess (Duy) the book you wanted, (catch) a cold three times this year seseeseses (learn) English? (g0) to Italy for their holidays for ten years. .. (look) for a new job since last year and still hasn't found one. . (forget) where they parked their car. (try) to repair the TV for two hours. | think she should give up now. The teacher aseeoreen sessseecssaeeesenes (088) some of her books Sie cst piistnsasteaaatecaetta gPhrasal verbs: break Use the verb break in its correct form together with the particles below to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you. ‘out ‘out off we up up up into down down 1 After Joe had lost control of his model aeroplane, it hit the ground and .. broke up, (smashed into pieces) 2 Two prisoners succeeded if ..ssssssseeceessassseeeseseseee (@scaping) by dressing up as guards. sessoes (ended) their engagement at last night's party. .. (ended their school term) for the 3. Jane and Simon .. : 4 They aren't at school because they summer holidays last week. 5 Harry's old car seems to The police had to .... sessensssses (Stop working) at least once a month, v destroy) the front door in order to rescue the kidnapped child. 7 Peace talks failed to prevent war from secsetccnsseveneecee (Starting). i 8 © Maggie and Mark have . a (separated) after four years of marriage. 9 The burglars -.sscsssese +. (forcibly entered) the house through the kitchen window. 10 Ouir meeting . (ended) so late that | didn’t get home until after midnight. Phrasal verbs: bring Use the verb bring in its correct form together with the particles below to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you. out about —round =—sround «back = back = in. ff, «Sonu 1 Our new teacher has the ability t0 .......0.++ D/EMS. OWL... (explain clearly) all the main points of our physics theory. Do What .cosecscsssssussssensseeeemsseee (Caused) his sudden change in attitude towards her? 3 They have . ssseinseeeessees (produced) some excellent. computer games this year. 4 Sam doesn’t agree with our plans but Karen should be able to (convince) . i inch et eeeeet eer ree 5 Going out in cold weather with wet hair ccsrsitesesissesrsseess (Was the cause of) a heavy cold, ! 6 The government has . introduced) new laws concerning taxation. 7 Could you please .. (return) the book as soon as possible. | 8 The old toys I found in the attic sesssesreseeeees (Caused me to recall) memories of my childhood. 9 We had to use smelling salts to . (help) the man who had fainted (regain \ consciousness). 10. Jane sald she'd get them to sign the contract and she actually (succeeded in doing)Phrasal verbs: come Use the verb come in its correct form together with the particles below to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences, The first one has been done for you, up against into up out down down = up with — out in if you are ever in my neighbourhood, feel free to come. round......... (pay mea visit). 1 2. Whenever she eats strawberries she ..... : (develops) a rash all over her body. 3. le took the patient quite a while £0 ..[Link] (Fegain consciousness) after the operation. 4 Some power lines seessesssee (ll to the ground) in last night's hurricane so we had no electricity 5 I'l buy a new computer as soon as the Price ...seeeceessse (falls). 6 we... i . (face) any more financial problems, we may have to abandon the project. 7 Te was Janet Who «.sssosseeeee (found) the solution to our financial problems. B The (Wins -esssnnvnnsniesno (inherited) a fortune when ther rich uncle ded. 9 e's much warmer now that the sun haS ssssssseee ssssssssees (appeared from behind the clouds). 10 As 1 was tidying up, Vs ssseeeeesee sss: (found) some old stamps (quite by chance). IL Whoever would have thought that their plan to own a multinational company would seseneneeee ~ (succeed)! 12. ean's go shopping with you because something has .. (happened unexpectedly). Words easily confused Use the words on the left to complete the sentences on the right. Make sure the words are in the. correct form. Use each word at least once. “he was going out but he didn't. me wher louder than words. Enonsense again. Stop ...cseccsseecsseee es and start the -d What language were they eevee PD ean't oe > difference between German and Dutch. . us some marvellous stories during her stay. ferret e .- at the moment. b Going on a long sea .. ses Was dangerous at one time. ©THE vveseseeee will be shorter once they've completed the tunnel. do cecsssesseersensens IS Said to broaden the mind. her to lend you her car? Do you think you CaM ses-eeee He vseccsse con staying at the most expensive hotel. © Her dietician «.2..-ccssscessee her to lose weight slowly. that you put your money in that bank? ‘we should leave on Friday night. of living has risen again. far more than | paid for it. ‘We can't afford anew washing machine at that .... These rare stamps are of greatcustomer: guest patient Ihave been sent two video cassettes in .... {eis often quite difficult to tell the difference between right and According to her mother, she could do no .. Try fot to make so many «... You can't put the .... on me this time. Hinvited her by .. : My employing her was a(n) seovseee Of judgement. It’s not my ... you lost your wallet, in one of the brakes. There was a . panicked when they heard the bomb go off. ‘waiting to see the doctor. vu lnlude showbiz personalities. . . the shop owner reduced his prices. The hotel .. . ‘There were only a few He's a well-known lawyer whose In order to attract ..... How do you ... Don't Can you Time cesses She ... . your free time? asses time! You've got 2 lot of work to do. cesssssse ten minutes to discuss the new security arrangements? quickly during the holidays. .- alot of time reading. ‘The police had difficulty in controlling the seen that had turned up to greet the team at the airport. ++ Will be able to take part in their favourite TV game show. . should tune in at four o'clock for live commentary of Radié 1 the match. The ... sass. thoroughly enjoyed the play. Fewer than one thousand «...-r-veveneses SAW the game. Every easserens «ofthe jury fet sorry forthe defendant. After the robbery, the va. escaped in a stolen car. It’s one of the best golf ..... I'm afraid all the tennis Sao The spectator who ran onto the ... football stadium by police. Athletes enjoy running on the action, The new Pea We played on. are booked. was removed from the where the spectators are close to has been in use for a month now. Her flat has been .. Nobody knows who . My business partner tried to Banks in Los Angeles are .. They twice this year. the video camera. me out of my share of the profits. .. quite frequently. . the elderly couple of their life savings. Henrietta was -..... These plants «so... We both ... . by her aunt. fairly quickly on a small island.Cie Suffixes and prefixes In the First Certificate examination you will be given a task which involves changing the base form of a word into another form. This can be done by adding suffixes or prefixes or both. The table below shows the most common suffixes and, in the case of verbs, prefixes, used to form nouns, verbs and adjectives. Suffix Example | Example val survival | ate compensate able acceptable age carriage [ect detect al additonal -ance acceptance =| -en shorten ved pointed -ation exploration | ify terrify “on wooden -dom. wisdom | “ise modernise |. ful faithful ence dependence | | ible responsible vency urgency | Prefix Bample | atmospheric hood childhood, | sical technological -ing(s) belongings | om empower | ing disappointing ion exception | Be “ish selfish “ity popularity = | -ive attractive -ment argument | | tess endless ness darkness | Io lovely “ship fiendship | ory satisfactory th width | I -ous dongerous “y sofety | vular triangular -ure foiture y crazy ¥ honesty cant assistant | vee employee | “er trainer | -ian politician | vist physicist | | -or sailorWord formation Compiete the following table. \ | i educate i i eles annoyedlannoying grownlgrowing : warm prefer itd describe peeled compete “ Include seeeeemce : 7 oe decisive mountain : . eee reactive conclusive appreciate eae . explode Rese eee | Lenn a hem a Use the word in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in the space in the sentence. ‘ 1 Juventus are the favourites to win the .......StamplensiiP........ next year CHAMPION i 2 YOUr sessesssssssseevevsestesessseseesess behaviour will not go unpunished. CHILD We 3° Throughout her .. she had difficulty in making friends. CHILD i 4. They have shown no . ssees to Cooperate. WILLING i i 5 {didn’t expect him to be so ROMANCE i 6 Going out without a coat wasn't very «. . was i? SENSE i 7 Whatis the sas of the word ‘impartial’. MEAN ! 8 The ballerina danced .. .. across the stage GRACE i 9 Take no notice of him if he to call the police THREAT 10 There's a... as for you in your office PACKPreposition practice Use the prepositions below only where necessary to complete the sentences which follow. on in of to for about at with They accused me ......%f...... dropping the plate ..... I 2 Hyou're seecseesssseee a hurry, don’t go ++ foot, 3 Nobody wanted to discuss ......+ssee« polities because nobody was interested «the subject. 4 complained «ss... the manager .. ses the quality -...co-ssee the video cassettes. 5 Rosa told vesssseeseeess me that she had no intention ......eeeees» apologising ---ceseseeeeee What she had done. 6 My friends faughed .....-.c..-.- me when I mistook a cow .. a bull 7 Mike used to be keen .... _-- playing volleyball but now he’s fed up it 8 The box was full ......[Link]. stolen jewellery. 9 They had 2 dISCUSSiON [Link] TE seseseseessee SOCTEE 10 Frank is getting engaged . Mary even though they have very little... COMMON,Past Simple Past Simple & Continuous Regular verbs in the Past Simple are formed by adding -(e}d to the infinitive. Irregular verbs in the Past Simple Afirmative have to be learnt. See page 192 for a list of irregular verbs. Vyou looked he/shelit looked welyoulthey looked you ate helshelit ate welyoulthey ate ® For actions completed in | the past at a definite time ® When the action clearly took place at a definite | time in the past although this time is not mentioned 5 For a past habit 1 For an action which interrupted another action that was in progress in the past 8 For a series of completed actions in the past | Write answers to che questions, as in the example, ~ Regular Verbs helshelit didn't look welyouifthey didn't look | Did welyourthey look? you didn’t eat he/shelit didn't eat welyoulthey didn't eat a “Ts you diet look Did you look? | Did helshefit look? Did tyou eat? Did helshelit eat? Did welyoulthey eat? | bought this car in London. He didn’t say anything about it He went for a walk every morning. The telephone rang while we were having a meeting. | was writing a letter when the parcel arrived. She sat down, opened her book and started reading. weep Say. sorry £0, Ie 2 Did your mother know about it? (father) 4 Did she move here three years ago? (four years ago) 5 Did George accuse you of stealing? (lying) ry to her? (him) He said sorry to him...Write the past form of the verbs. steal ee 6 feed Hsupport burn 7 know 12 play belong & speak 13 study catch 9 grow 14 cost buy 10 build 15 watch i Correct the sentences. I didn't went to school today because I was sick. 12 | didn’t felt very well last night; that’s why Ididn't go.t0 school today, because I was sick, | didn’t go to the cinema. ‘When | got home, Mum didn't be there. Ee Bae 13. When I see the thieves in my house last night, 1 eae ee was scared | arrive at the station two hours ago, and | am still here, 14 At that moment, I really don’t know what to do. Mary didn't came to the party yesterday. peat 15.1 lee them take what they want and then I called i the police. eee : : sess 16 When the police arrived, there is nobody in the Did you followed my advice? house. Of course | told him the truth, but he not believed me. He had all the qualifications for the job, but he doesn't get it. When I see him last night, | invited him to dinner, My father didn’t letted me go out last night. The cat drunk all the milk. We had to buy some more.Past Continuous | was looking | wasn’t looking | ‘Was | looking? | you were looking you weren't looking Were you looking? } helshelit was looking | he/shelit wasn’t looking | Was he/shelit looking? welyouithey were looking welyoulthey weren't looking Were welyouithey looking? © For actions which were I was living in Belgium at thot time, in progress at a certain She was preparing lunch at [2 pm. time in the past 4 For actions in progress He was doing the washing-up when Sue telephoned. in the past which were They were driving on the motoway when they had an accident | interrupted by another | | action | ® For two or more actions While I was waiting for her at the restaurant, she was washing her hair. that were in progress at While fohn was visiting his grandma, | was shopping. the same time in the past [nese ae Let I ete Constructions with Past Continuous ‘An action in progress in the past Another action interrupted it Iwas doing my homework when the phone rang. She was cooking dinner when the lights went out. ‘Two actions in progress at the same time | was listening to music while iy sister was reading o book. We were watching TV while my parents were sleeping. a Scudy the table at the bottom of page 18 and use the prompts to write sentences, Bn 1 My father / read a newspaper / my mother / cook 5 1 / read my book / she / open the door My father was reading a newspaper w/ other was. cook! ‘Alot of people dance / Kate and | / eat snacks 2. My sister / do her homework /1/ phone her 3 He/ talk on the phone / she / read a magazine 7 The doctor / examine him / the earthquake happen 4 Pam / paint her room / her friend / arrive 8Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in either the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. 1 (not hear) the alarm clock this morning because Is... (be) so tired. 2 : ssssseeess (NO realise) that something was wrong. BoD cssssseesesssseee (Study) in my room when the doorbell . 4 5 When | (see) Mary last night, I... (ring). My mother (read) a book while my father = (watch) TV. The robber "fore everybody to lie down and We . (enter) the bank, "(take all the money from the safe 6 (plan) to have a barbeque party when it suddenly... . (start) to rain, 7 The children . . (dance) at the party when the lights i + (go out) 8 HOW cecccseeesseeeeess (YOU break) your arm? 9 1. (sid) last weekend when | secccssae (fall) aNd .scsesssssossceeeen (break) my leg o 1 (not feel) very well this morning, $0 | ..s-+se+e-ssssseee» (@SK) my boss for permission to leave early. 1 Why : ssecrstesees (YOu / not tell) me the truth in the first place? 2 He... (sit) on the bank of the river when he ...s.-scesssussseee (See) a rare bird, Bot sescsssesee (rain) heavily when | ..-sccccsssseceen (Wake) up this morning, 14 Everyone in the library .. (read) quistly when suddenly the door sescee (Open), 5 t.. sensssees (G0) to Paul's house yesterday but | .. . (not find) him there, 16 While |. (wonder) whether to buy the suit oF not, @ MAN sssecscessesnsseeeee (COME) in and bought it V7 What escceereecnss (you / do) from 10 am to 2 pm yesterday” asked the detective, 18 My dog ..ssssersesssseeeeee (attack) the postman whilé he ... (try) to deliver a letter. 19 We .. (not sleep) all night because our next door neighbours ....ecesseeessssre (have) a noisy party which went on til early in the morning, 20 : (you / do) when the burglars. - (get) in?” (watch) TV and my child ss sntn . (study) in their room.’ 21 (you J work) when your boss .. (arrive) unexpectedly? 22 Why sree ssssssenes (YOU / not report) the burglary at once? St Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. 1) (walk) along Regent Street when I (2) . - (realise) that. a man (3) sees (follow) me. I (4) sone (turn) right 7 he (5) sees . (follow). Whenever I (6) ~ (stop), Ointenties (60) t00. 1 (8) sesseessee (decide) to take the 717 be from the bus stop just behind me. Just as the bus (2) .. = (move) off, 1 (10) - (jump) on, The man (1) . cee (ass) the bus but he (12) (get) on another 717. He (13) s.- - (seem) rather angry. 1 (14) = ". (get) off at Leicester Square with lots of other people. He (15) : (not notice) me. getting off the bus. | immediately (18) (head) for the nearest police station to report him, Be Study the box and write two of your own sentences. “Las walking home when it started to rain. (action in progress + action interrupting) We were watching the film while Andrea was preparing dinner. __(owo actions In progress atthe same time)ae Past simple © Didn't liyou win? | Bide hefsheic wine | | { Didn't welyoulthey win? © To express surprise or admiration 8 To express annoyance | 1 Don't you like your haircut? Can't he come to cur party? g Use the words in brackets to write negative questions 1 Ltalked to Mum about it. (Dad) Didn't you talk to Dad about it? 2 Thelped jill with her homework. (John) 3 She gave her daughver ten pounds. (eon 4 | bought Penny a nice present. (Mary) 5 I warned Henry. (lames) 9 [ spoke Italian when | was younger. (German) 10 Dad bought a sandwich for you. (for Jane) ULL visited lors of museums in Vienna. (any galleries) 12. I played the piano when | was much younger. (violin) Note: The negative interrogative can also be used in other tenses. Past Continuous Wasn't | listening? Weren't you listening? Wasn't helshelit listening? Weren't wolyoutheytstening? Didn't you enjoy the party? Didn't they know how to get to the airport? Didn't she look beautiful? Why weren't you paying attention in class?ye the mistake and correct the sentence. 1 Wher | saw my friend yesterday, he was cry. ‘When I saw my friend yesterday, he was crying: 2. Ly to cut down on smoking lst year but it was impossible. 3. My parents never letied me go out at nighe when | was younger. 4 Two burglars broken into my house yesterday. 5 They were have a good time at the party when the police came 6 I spoked to Sarah about it and she seemed quite interested. : 7 The teacher was writing on the board while Ji fined 8 When did you saw him in the supermarket? Use the prompts to write sentences as in the example, 7 three years / go to the cinema Tes diree years since I last went to the cinema, 1 two days / see Tom 5. seven months / catch a cold 2 along time / eatin a Chinese restaurant 6 three years / leave the country 7 four hours / have something to eat 4 five months / go on holiday 8 ayear J ride a horse Study the example and rewrite the sentences from the previous exercise.s Use the prompts to write sentences as in the example, 1 eat spaghetti / a month The last time T ate spaghetti was a month ago. 2 go abroad / three years my grandparents / two months 3 vi 4° take an exam / a year 5 redecorate my room five years an kealian restaurant / a month : | Find the mistakes and correct them She didn't did the ironing yesterday because she was tired. She didn’t do the ironing yesterday because she was tired. 2. He wasn't at work yesterday when | call him. 3. The teacher catched a student cheating in the exam. with my friends last Sunday. 4 My father not letted me go out 5 Sarah were writing her composition when I saw her yesterday. 6 Our neighbour was always complained about the loud music. 7 Why did you brought me flowers? You are very kind 8 Jane walking home when I met her.Present Perfect Simple and Past Simple For a full explanation of the Present Perfect Simple, see Unit | (page 8). Here is @ reminder of how it is formed. Present Perfect Simple havefhas + past participle Ihave just finished my project. Past Simple infinitive + -ed | finished my project yesterday. He Present Perfect Simple Past Simple © For actions which started in the past and ® For actions which began and ended in the past haven't stopped I worked there until last year. Ihave worked here for two years. ‘9 For actions which occurred in the past and have an effect on the present He has worked in a laboratory, so he knows what it fke. 8 Often used with already, before, ever, just, lately, never, recenty, since, up to now, yet Thave never worked here before. He hasn't been to France since 1996. 5 For actions completed at a definite time in the past | saw John yesterday. Note: The Present Perfect Simple has a connection with the present. The Past Simple always relates to the past. +1 (know) Jane for a long time and we are good friends. 1 2° ‘Sorry, Mum. | seveeee (already eat). ! am not hungry’ 3 Since! seeeevsseecnsseeeess (168VE) SCHOOL esse eceeseeeeeenes (NOE SES) Jenny. ae (never eat) this kind of food before. 5 James .. sesseseeee (Rot start) Working yet. He is stil studying at university. 6 ANN cose (not go) to a concert since she (be) twenty. 7 ‘Vhear that Barry ss... ata .- (buy) a Ferrari. "105, he veeeseesosseseseeeceesvsssesecees (Duy) it ast week” Bt cessensses (you ever fly) a plane?’ "Yes Vs sesctssssses fly) a plane when | was in the airforce.” 9 Jonathan ssscssvssseeceseessssssereeness (O¥ersleep) this morning and secon (tniss) hhis maths examination, He ... ++ (not do) that before, 10 Last week, Jim ie (finish) painting one of the best paintings he een : . (ever paint) HI "No more thanks. | sesssvees (already eat) too much.” 12 Vesseessssesssseee (buy) a new car last year, but | ...csessessnsee (not sell) my old one yet. 13 Bill usually gets up at 6 am. Yesterday, he ...ccesssccssssssssesseeeesees (get) up at Ham, 14 It’s three years since [last ...sescesees se (visit) Susan. an eeeecess (not see) Carol for a long time. 16 Anna .. : : (go) to live in the country six months ago and (not be) back since thenE Study the example and rewrite the sentences. It’s three years since | last saw Susan. [Its three weeks since I last saw a film on TV. 7 1. 2._ {t's five hours since | had something to eat. 8. 3° It’s two years since he bought a car. 9 He . 4 It's two weeks since she last ate meat, 10 She 5 It's years since James last spoke English, " James .. 6 It's six months since Mary last visited a doctor. 12. Mary oo Study the example and rewrite the sentences, The last time I spoke to George was three weeks ago. z George for three weeks 1 The last time | saw James was two days ago. 2 The last time Sheila ate a pizza was three years ago, Sheila . It’s three months since Carol last earned any money. Carol It’s three weeks since my parents last went out, My parents .. We five years since we last went on holiday. isiaoiieentintinree le's three days since we last watched TV. We It’s ten years since they moved house. They It’s a month since I last wrote to my parents. 3. The last time my sister sang in a choir was six years ago My sister 4 The last time | bought something expensive was five weeks ago. I 5 The last time she had a party was six months ago. She .. 6 The last time he earned any money was three moths ago. He... 7 The last time { left my keys in the car was two years ago. 8 The last time I fed the cat was six hours ago. Heatiaate 9 The last time I flew a plane was three years ago. 10 The last time I had the flu was a year ago.ae Study the example and rewrite the sentences. ‘haven't ployed tennis since | was at univers. ayed tennis when I was at university. | We haven't travelled abroad since we went to the Caribbean, j We last ... ‘ 2. She hasn't seen her cousin since she went to visit her. She fast. : eerie : 3. They haven't swum in the Mediterranean since they were on holiday in Greece. They last... 4 The Prime Minister hasnt given a speech since he was elected The Prime Minister fast... 5) My son hasn't sent me a postcard since he was in Eaypt. My son last «os. 6 _Enly hasnt taken the bus to work since her car broke down last yea Emily last. a 7 Peter hasnt eun Ina marathon since he was twenty-eight years ol. Peter fast. : 8 ‘haven't driven my car since | took Dad to the airport Vast Ey Study the examples and rewrite the questions How long isi since you last met James? When did. you last meet James How long ago .. | When did you last see your grande How long is it . i 2. How long & it since you last visited your uncle? WIRED oe eeesseescee : 2 3 How long is it since your mother last cooked Italian food? When eons sessed 4. When did your father last give you pocket money! How long ago ... 2 5 When did you last take an exam? How long ag0 «ss. & How longi t since you last heard from her? When .. eee - 7) When cid you ltt earn any money? How long is it . ses 8 How long ist since your father lst played gol How long ago .. a 9 When did you last get a good mark? How tong is it .. 2 10. How long is it since Jane had a haircut? WhenUse the prompts to write sentences as in the example, _-He// snioke dgarette / the doctor tell him to stop He hasn’ the doc $107... 1 Mum / cook meal for us / she break her arm 2 1 speak to Paul / last year 3. She / travel by plane / she be a child 4 Susan / see her friends / she leave town 5 My father / smoke cigarette / he give up ten years ago 6 The prisoner J see his family / he go to a ten years ago 7 Paul send flowers to his wife / they get married 8 My parents / go on holiday / they buy thelr house Use the prompts to write sentences as in the example. i Lae a n ocident last year / not drive his car since then eh iven his ¢ She / break her arm last month / not cook since then He / have an argument with his boss last seyear/ be out of work since then He / have operation last month / be in pain since then Use either since or for to answer the questions as in the example, Can you drive a lorry? (two years) Yes, but I haven’, Can you type? (six years) Can you play the piano? (1 was a child) Can you ride a bicycle? (1998) Can you dance? (April) Can you fly a plane? (many years)i a E Choose the correct word or phrase. j 1 Marti Gigsn’t seeDY didn’t see his daughter since Christmas. : | have looked / looked for my‘cat for days but I never found her, ies three years since | have last gone / last went to a rock concert. My mother didn’t find / hosn't found her purse yet. Mrs Black has taught / taught French last year. She hasn't acted in a film for /since two years. She hasn't finished writing her novel recently / yet. Einstein developed / has developed the theory of relativity many years ago. a Find and correct the misrakes in the sentences | We haven't play football for a fong time. leis been three years since I ast went on hotiday. Nobody has ever spoke to me like that. How long ago did you took up this position in the company? We have finish tidying up our room, Mum, Can we go out now? We haven't heard from Tom since a long time. My mother has leaved her books at home again, 2 3 4 5 6 Thave lost my wallet last week. pea 7 8 9 When have you sent the letter? | haven’t received it yet, 0 Sheila has written a letter to me two months ago. IL know Betty for ten years. She is my best friend. 12. Maria has done her homework last night. poate a Use the words in the box to complete the sentences, | since for yf already recently just always: ago still ever 1 [haven't finished decorating the house .............28. 2 Ihave. bought 2 new car. In fact, | have only had it for two weeks. 3 I haven't seen John .. awhile, 4. She started to learn the piano three years . mean 5 She... hasn't finished cooking. The guests have already arrived. 6 Weill have to choose another film. I have ... ce .. seen this one, 7 Have you : Visited an old castle? 8 My mother has .... wanted to visit Hawaii 9 It's ages . Hast saw you. < 10 Ihave been having terrible headaches‘| Phrasal verbs: mixed following sentences. The first one has been done for you. f Use the phrasal verbs below in the correct form to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the ask after back out of back up burst in i care for care about cay on (2) carry out (2) You're old enough to know better, so stop [Link].......... (behaving) like a child 1 2. When | saw John this morning, he .. esses (enquired about) you. 3. Although some protesters started shouting, the politician ... (continued) speaking 4 Who's going to esses look after) Gran while I'm in the States? 5 You can't eas sesssssstusssses (Withdraw from) the agreement after you've signed the papers. 6 It’s the duty of every police officer to .. ci . (support) his or her colleagues. 7 Soldiers must : scsi: (Obey) ofders without question. 8 I was in the queue at the bank when two men . (entered suddenly) and told everyone to lie down. . (isn’t woFried about) money because he’s filthy rich. sass (performs) all her secretarial duties to perfection. 9 It’s easy for him to say he ... 10 Despite her inexperience, she .. Use the phrasal verbs below in the correct form to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the | following sentences. The first one has been done for you. ‘catch on (2) catch out catch up with check in (2) i check out (2) checkafp on clear up (2) clear off close down 1 Ihave to go to the factory to [Link]....... (make sure that everything is all right with) the work being done there. 2. You only have to explain it once'for Alan to ...... sesso (understand). | 3 When you -..escsscesseeseeneen (present your tickets) at the airport you must have your passport | with you. Why don’t yOu jUst ..sscsssssceeeseeerenes Roller blading has 4 sss (go away) and leave me in peace. 5 6 If the weather ... 7 8 (become fashionable) recently. | (improves), we'll go out this afternoon, The hotel receptionist will give you the room key after you have Since he has missed so much schoo! he'll have to work hard to... same level as) the rest of the class. . (have a look at) the new amusement arcade, shall we? 9 Let's go and .. 10 They have ...sssccsssssesstsessseeseeeese (Stopped using) the old cinema because the new one has opened. 11 You'll get your passport back from reception when you seccsteescssseseeees (leave). 12. He said he didn’t have any money but he was .. (proved a liar) when he accepted our invitation to go to the casino. 13. You can't go out to play until you have «. .+ (tidied) the mess in your bedroom.Words easily confused G Use the wSrds on the left to complete the sentences on the right. Make sure the words are in the Jackets made of genuine leather. Put your There was no fire. It was a(n) a He lost his job when it was discovered that his diploma Was @ .-..cssssssssesens a runner is responsible for two starts, he or she is disqualified. Those flowers aren’t real. They're © Old Mr Williams has a(n) «.... leather are much cheaper than those made of teeth in so | can understand what you're saying, seseeeeeeees AAEM. 2 succeed SHE veesesseesesessees SueeOSS Very early in her career. manage b We... to complete the project in one week achieve. ¢ Robert never su. the promise he showed as a young pianist. fun He'd vsssssssesesssssse Most of his ambitions by middle age, able, Willian ...ccccsseccsesessees in discovering the truth. copable f Will you be sess to take a day off work? g Pmaquite ssn. of doing ie myself. 3 The offer of a job abroad was a golden .. s+ for me to make a | fresh start. The scarf Was a secsssssssseesseee at £10. What are the .. of you getting a promotion? Te was an) .esssssssseeessesss OM Which you could speak to your boss on equal terms. We've got a problem to solve so let's look at the «shall we? 4 | think we can his team in the final She... ++. some money on the horses. ‘The chairman is said to about £25,000 a month. Who .. sscexs the match? Sally's mother says she's not losing a daughter but... 5 Well be late if we the carly train. +. your book at home again? to lock the door. BVO sesseseesseesesseeees Mine. I's in my other pencil case. them. Haye YOU sescceseee I think | ....... Could | borrow a per \ can’t find my sunglasses anywhere. | suppose I must have ..b How-ean he _ losing the ring when he had it ast. Would visitors please:..... from smoking. fae +o help people who won't help themselves. “ All:iny job applications have been ‘Although the cakes looked delicious, | ss the temptation to eat one, manner ees sues to the cathedral? , welll get there by midday. . in Sherwood Forest. Do you know the . If we go by the shortest {enjoy walking along the .. She has such a charming . 1 suppose that’s one « Nobody knows the .... of the word. Il check to see if we have the CD in A journ: The country's oil .. Explorers couldn't find the . should never reveal his, were cut off during the war. sesso Of the rivers ‘The dog must havé escaped through a(n) . in the fence. If you're tired, we can have a(n) .. ‘The film was so bad that we left during the ...... sss in the cassette which give you time to practise There are ... your pronunciation. Harold denied that | had We're .. iva villa for the whole summer. I were you, | wouldn’e him the money. money from anyone. A surprisingly large number of people . private detectives. You can choose from a Wide .......+:esiesees Of books at this shop. e's quality not... . that is important. He has a large .. of foreign stamps in his collection. . but we differ on a few points. cof money in a Swiss bank account, [agree with you to some . They have a large ... 4Be Make and do | an attempt a mess | (an) orrangement(s) ‘a mistake | certair/sure ‘money i | acomplaint noise | a decision 1 profit | a difference progress | an effort Lup one’s mind | an excuse one’s way to | friends (with) somebody fee! better/younger | fun of | | a journey | The tables below provide lists of common expressions with make and do. on the following sentences by using make or do in the correct tense and form. In general, make is concerned with creating and do is concerned with performing actions. ‘one’s best business (with) damoge one’s duty can/some exercise(s) homework favour 00d harm work wrong a lot of damage to houses last night. . 8 complaint to the hotel manager? . friends with the children next 1 They .. pedal .. business with a Japanese company at the moment. 2 HY OU sssseeeseets your best from now én, you ‘good progress. 3) Thanks for .. me that favour. 4° That's the third mistake you . today! 5 The high winds 6 Why don’t you 7 2 YOU -. 8 a .» all the arrangements for the party. 9 He couldn't ..... oi up his mind about the job offer. 10 Don't a mess while you homework. ceevnee YOUF arGE Prefixes The table below shows the most commonly used prefixes together with their meanings. reason (im)maturity health (inaccuracy logic continent stop G@is)comfort oppositafnot opposite/not ‘opposite/aat opposite/not oppasite/not between wrongly not 100 much again opposite/not reverse action too litle spectacle importance necessity sciencelscientist luxury emotion(s) (uncomfortable dislike, disappear illegal, legible impossible, immodest incorrea, insensitive irrelevant, irresponsible intérnational, intercity mistake, misunderstand nonalcoholic, non-smoker overdo, overweight replay, reuse unfair, unkind untie, unload undercook, underwefght (dis)loyal silent (un)erue (uncertain (in)eficient crue! (dis)honest ‘8a Use the word in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in the space in the sentence, § {These new light bulbs are much more ...@¢9m0Mic8... than the old ones, ECONOMY : 2. With the of Janet, we all enjoyed the concert. EXCEPT 2 3. The minister's vas quite unexpected. ARRIVE i 4 Despite the poor visibility, the pilot made a perfect LAND ¥ Sw we won't be able to go on holiday this summer. FORTUNE t 6 Whata .. performance that was, MARVEL TTak€ this wnwsmnennnnann Scarf with yOu In ease it gets cold. woo. : 8 Since the wall is not strong enough it will have to be BUILD 9 Ie was a wonderful holiday — simply nen FORGET 1D He won't tolerate any kind of are INTERFERE Preposition practice a Use the prepositions below only where necessary to complete the sentences which follow. it on in of to at with for +. behalf of the senior partners, I would like to congratulate you the way you | handled the case. L 2 Her pronunciation, . particular, has improved but I am still disappointed .....sesseee het attondarice record 3. Bernard never gets tired .. listening seve Classical music. 4 ..u. theory, the more advanced our technology becomes, the more likely we are to contact alien life forms. 5 There has been an increase sosseseess the number of students leaving .. ---. Schoo! .. the age of eighteen. 6 How can we prevent the Cat 2... jumping off the balcony? She's .[Link] tars all the time because you are so crue! .. her. One of these days she'll RACK sesseeceesssee YOU & We must find a solution ..... this problem .......cc.0- all costs Harold insisted staying bed despite .....csssser- the fact that he only had a slight cold 10 You're not going to blame me .. 2 YOUR Being ...soeeceesses debtZ PAST TENSES (2) & PRONOUNS Past Perfect! Simple & Continuous, Used To/Would, Personal Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Possession aa Past Perfect Simple We form the Past Perfect Simple with had + past participle. Had liyoulwelthey worked? “ Vyoulwelthey had worked liyoulwelthey hadn't worked t Had helshesie worked? he/she/it had worked helshesit hadn't worked For an action that happened | | had already finished cooking when the guests arrived. before another action in the | By the time we arrived, the match had already started. past or before a certain time oe Note: The Past Perfect Simple is used with when, ofier, by the time, as soon as, til, unti, before, by, already and with phrases such as It was the frst time. When | got home, she had already left. By the time we reached the station, the train had left. It was the first time she had been to Sweden. Past Perfect Continuous We form the Past Perfect Continuous with had + been + -ing. Had llyoulwelthey been working? Had he/shefit been working? Wyoulwelthey hadn't been working Vyoulwelthey had been working helshelit hadn't been working helshefit had been working He had been waiting for Sally for an hour before she finally arrived. 5 For an action which began before another action or time in the past and continued up to that time © For an action that had just finished at a certain time in the past but was still relevant at that time They had been running for hours and they were exhausted. Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect Simple or Continuous. cen, doi 1 When her parents arrived, she .- (do) her homework for three hours. 2 As soon as she got home, she realised she .. leave) her glasses at work. 3. My brother .. cesses (try) to repair the TV for two hours before | called him. A USE seeseecees (never see) such a beautiful painting until she went to the Museum of Modern Art. 5 Amanda ... 6 By the time the film ended, she ... _ (work) as a waitress for three years before she became a singer. . (fall asleep) on the sofa. oe |i Complete the sentences with one of the time expressions from the box already, since by the time until { started taking driving lessons only . Thad bought anew car. 1 2. The train had already left... : we reached the station. 3. Sheila had been waiting for me ...... four 0° clock. 4 They had been trying to solve the problem ......[Link] three hours when they finally found the solution, 5 She had . : .--. done her homework by the time her friend came to see her. 6 He didn't leave .-+. he had paid the bil = Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or the Past Perfect Simple. 1 When! soe (See) Bill yesterday, he ......./12d'T't sold, {not sell} his car 2 The airplane .. .- (already take off) when we .. (arrive) at the airport 3 Assoonas she .... sevses (@nter) the HOUSE, SHE [Link] (realise) that somebody .ssrseoessee seveee (BreaK In) aNd escssssseeseserssersoreeee (steal) all her furniture, 4° When! {arrive) at the cinema, my friend Alice (already buy) the tickets. 5 After... (tidy) my room, 1... .. (ask) my mother to let me go out with my friends 6 Bythe time! go out 7 That was the first time | Erte eatia (pone) hey afi s estates feo aoe orcs . (already arrange) to 7 sores (ever sing) on stage. 8 The moment the plane took off, I realised that I ......... --» (leave) my glasses at home, Continuous. g Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or the Past Perfect Simple or 1 Mary .. had 2 How long... studying... (study) for ten hours before she went to bed. s+ (you clean) your room when your mother... (arrive) yesterday? ' sseees (rive) for three hours when the accident .. (happen) 4 When she .. . (see) the doctor, she ... (eel) him that she - (not steep) for three days, soscoe (tell) us that he... (come) to our school. s+ (find) this job, 1 5 The teacher he. 6 Until without success. 7 Until yesterday, he + (teach) for ten years before . (Search) for almost ten months +. (never ride) a motorbike before. B She van sescnece (thy) t0 explain Why She .[Link] lle) to her parents when policeman .... ssseccssses (all) to say that they should go to the police station, 9 Bythe time! (get) to the theatre, the play ..escssseceseessseesseees (start) to 1 +» (not start) tidying up until all the guests «ee. (leave). taa Seudy the example and rewrite the sentences. ‘Mary didn’t start eating unt al the famniy had sat dove. | Mary waited family és i 1 I didn’t start reading undi all the students had stopped aalkeg, | waited .. 2, My father did't go to bed nel both my Brother and I had come home. My father waited ... 3. | did't invite my fends tothe party unl ray mother had given me permission. [waited «ss... 4 My teacher didn't start explaining the exer: My teacher waited . : 5. Emma didn't find a job until her children had started school. Emma waited .. nan E Study the example and rewrite the sentences. | it-was the first time that she had lied to her parents. ‘She Jidd never lied to her parents before... I 2 Te was the first time that Samantha had driven a fast car. Samantha . 3 Iwas the firse ume that Lucy had taken exams. Lucy « 4 fewas the rs me that my parents had vised a foreign councry My parents .. 5 ews the firs time our teacher had shouted at us like that (Our teacher .. E Use the prompts to write sentences asin the example ‘My mother already eat / when / I come home as soon as /| enter the house / I realise somebody break in 3 we/ not start eating / until / all our guests arrive 4 by the time / the police arrive / the thieves get away ‘an Oscar / she retire 5 after / the famous actress 6 she not serve dinner / until / all the family come home Natale not graduate from university / when they offer her a job‘The whole family used to:go for @ walk on Sunday. Grandpa would sit ond stare at the fireplace for hours. © Used to + infinitive and would + > infinitive are used to describe past habits which no longer exist. ‘The negative and question forms of used to are didn’t use to and Did(n’t)... use to... ? 8 Used to + infinitive is also used to Harry used to be a journalist. describe past states which no longer Nancy used to have her own business. exist, Would cannot be used in this We didn’t use to spend so much money in those days. Didn’t she use to go sailing with Margaret? Be used to/get used to es © Be used to + -ing/noun/pronoun 1am used to giving speeches so I'm not nervous means ‘be accustomed to’. @ Get used to + -inginoun/pronoun Don’t worry. You'll soon get used to working with Mike. means ‘become accustomed to’. It took me a while to get used to his strange manner. a Choose the correct alternative in each sentence 1 He@ed 2y would have long hair. 2 Imnot used to tell / telling other people what to do. 3 Have you got / been used to living in the city yet? 4 My father would to take / take us out for a meal on his birthday. 5 He isn't used to / didn't use to driving such a big car 6 Graham wasn't used to / didh't use to the routine when he first arrived. 7 I could never get used to staying / stay out so late. 8 Did you use to get / getting a lot of pocket money? 9. They would / were used to send us [Link] every Christmas. 10 | would / used to understand German when I was a child. a Complete the sentences with used to, would or be/get used to in the correct form. | When 1 lived with my parents, staying up late. 2 find it difficult to ... ..... driving on the left. | think ft will take me some time. 3. She never . go out at night. 4 Mark will never .. learning history by heart. He finds it difficule 5 When Sally worked for an advertising agency, she (not) .. every evening, ‘would. go to sleep at 9 pm, but now I've ... 80.4804, to leave work until 6 pm 6 The students ........ studying hard as their teacher is very demanding. 7 Mary and her sister . sss Study together when they were students, et. sssssseees having orange juice and eggs for breakfast. 9 His parents (not) . va eating out every night: 10. My father «.....secseeeeenere Smoke, but he gave up when his doctor told him to stop.Bveid sHseK— eVauren— a Complete che sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct formn._ ‘Whel I lived alone, | used (cook) ... Simon has great difficulty in getting used (live) . She is used (buy) He will soon get used (tidy) . My daughter is not used (drink) Mary used (invite) .. His mother is used (work) - for myself, sesesser alone, expensive clothes. his own room. milk in the morning. all her friends to her parties. » $0 it will be difficult for her to retire, She used (train) "for five hours a day when she was in the team, Your father will soon get used (eat) .. .--» healthily if you help him. Molly used (€2t) ...ceecccseeseeereee “ast food but she doesn't any tonger. Complete the sentences with the appropriate subjece or object pronoun | 1 I met John yesterday. ......1¢...., told me about the accident. . was really terrible. | 2 Sally didn’t like her dress. We told . that It was fine but she didn’t believe .. 3. Sam didn’t invite Mel and Simon to the party. He didn't want to come. Personal Pronouns 4 We asked Tom to give a lf, 5 They are expecting your answer. Why don't you phone 2 .- a wonderful present for my birthday. Pronouns [ Painted my room myself. eee poe ) 1 Sheila looked at seseesees in the { ‘ourselves ‘Are you enjoying yourselves? mirror. yourseies They buit the house themselves. 2 He wrote it by .... 3 Let me introduce Note: We use by + reflexive pronoun to emphasise “me that we did something without help or that we 4 We cooked the fod were alone when we did something 5 They are really enjoying I made the cake by myself. He went to America by himself. i Complete the sentences with the appropriate reflexive pronoun. You should really be ashamed of ... Yous'self/y The dog is looking at .. “ ‘The students couldn't do the exercise by Sheila says she doesn't need any help. She can do i by : My mother cut .. oe ‘with 2 knife while she was cooking, You haven't introduced «... .. What's your name? The guests enjoyed .... . at the party yesterday. We redecorated our house by te : ‘SELVES... How could you do such a thing? in the pond.eats eee a A when This car belongs to my father. A A book ~ the boy Possessive Form (’s) Tom owns this dog. James owns this cat. ~ The boy owns this kite. The girls own these dolls. The children own these horses, Betty and Jim own this house. John owns this bike and Kate owns this bike, Susan's cousin owns this car. ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a simi This is 1 fathe 0 Choose the correct word or phrase, t have a wonderful cat. Their ATE) name is Kitty. Our / ours house is really big. It has six bedrooms. This is not yours /your book. It is my / min. Oh! | am sorry. I left my / mine purse at home. Thave lost my / mine calculator. Can | use yours / your, please? 6 Don't use this pen! It's my / mine. Why don’t you use your / yours pen? “Is this John’s bike?” "No, | don't think it's his / him.” I didn’t know Susan was your / yours cousin, = SAT ‘This is Tom's dog. This is James' cat. This is the boy's kite. These are the girls' dolls. These are the children’s horses. This is Betty and Jim's house. These are John's and Kate's bikes. ‘This is Susan's cousin's car. ilar meaning to the first sentence. Erna has a brother called John and a sister called Sue. nina is osssseccecessnseeseeeee eli Mr Wallis owns this apartment. This is : a This necklace belonged to Peter's aunt. This was .. eet eeieeieitae These two ski jackets belong to David and Patrick. These are sess. pu iediadeeeiatetaee tit This boat belongs to Jennifer's father. fis teeta Write the possessive form, as in the example. [Link] book,...... dresses — the sisters ...... bike — the friend toys ~ the children bag — the woman test ~ Sally dl sons ~ Tim and Molly .. room — the teachers... food ~ the baby video ~ James house ~ Alice zlPractice Test | ‘ 5 For questions 1-15, read the text below: aid decide which answer A 5 Corb ber fess th space. ‘There is an example at the beginning (0). : g The ‘Stockholm Syndrome’ Imagine the following (Q) save: A (I) ssees of bank (2) ...... do not have time to escape because the police have the building surrounded, Automaticaly the (3) ...... become hostages while the criminals (4) ...... time deciding wiat to do, Outside the bank a crowd has gathered together with TV crews who provide (5) ...... with live coverage of the incident, Experts appear and (6) ...... what should be done in order to avoid a disaster. Back inside the building 3 relationship is developing between the hostages and their captors. They start (7) ...... each other about themselves and the hostages begin to put the (8) ...... on the police and authorities for the incident. ‘You may think that this could only be a scene from a Hollywood movie, but you would be (9) ...... . The phenomenon {s (10) ......28 the ‘Stockholm Syndrome’ because it was first observed in Stockholm, Sweden. The hostages helped their ‘eaptors solve any problems they (I!) ...... up against and had no intention (12) ......leting the police harm them. They ‘even stopped the police (13) ...... down @ door and shielded thelr captors when they all left the building together. Nobody knows quite what (14) ...... about this behaviour but it seems that the (15) be underestimated. ‘of communication cannot ‘a condition’: situation © circumstances a pour Sb set Cae - a burglars - b thioves “© shoplteers a guests -B customers > € patrons al pass Ee oe Bape foc ede) a yews 2) Bosperatos listeners a 6b © persuade : a © speaking : a 3 © fale 4 ; < : a : a b pushing : a -B: broughe a b Worth = i For questions 16-30, read the text below. and think. eo the word: which. best fits each Space: Use only one word in each space. [Link] an example at the beginning (0). Some spare time activities Spare time activites basically fal (0)... _ two categories: traditional and modern, Traditional activities include pastimes such (16)... collecting and reading while modern actives involve playing computer games, surfing the Ineernat and (17) s.r television, Children often become interested (18) collecting when they come (19) sssoss+s++:+«. Something their parents or grandparents have collected, Although they are keen (20) . \ collecting when they first start, they very (21) become fed up (22) . 1 it as 23) 25 they reach their ate teens Reading is normally a leisure activity that develops with parental encouragement. Unlike collecting, reading is @ pastime that people hardly (24)... abandon. inco. Nowadays (25) ius: are many modern 2etivities which are based on modern technology and 8) is not unusual to find a teenager's bedroom full (27) . ‘computer games. While computer games are considered to be mainly a teenage pastime, surfing the Internet (28). ‘always popular with both ‘teonagers and adults. Another pastime which teenagers have (29) ‘common with adults is sitting infront of the television, It is interesting to note that none of these activities involve having a discussion (G0) sseesenesne ImPOFEARE Issues ~ something which was popular in the past. sateen“For questions 31-40, nee the second sentence so that it has othe fr the word given, Do not change the word given, You must use betwess wo ana fh ‘wotds; Including the word given. There is an example at the beginning. fishing trip before Ga I met Sue at university. since 1 | don't remember Mary being such a difficult person in the past. we were at university. use Mary . such a dificult person, Barbara was raised in a small village by her grandmother, brought Barbara's grandmother + ina small vilage, It takes three hours by car to reach the nearest hospital. drive ft .- to the nearest hospital It is very unusual for Jack to be late for a meeting. arrives Jack... We got planning permission and then we started building. for a meeting. soon We started building as .. planning permission. The growth of these plants was very slow in my back garden. grow These plants ........ .- in my back garden. | think what she said at the press conference was true. truth I think cso She talks nonsense all the time and I can’t stand it. fed tm .. at the press conference. . nonsense all the time. ‘What caused the machine to stop working this morning? break this morning?fhe lines are correct Re ake a fa'line has:a word whieh should not be | ere, ee i h warnples at 1g (and 00), Why | won't get a mobile phone 0 Although many of my friends have a mobile phone and 00 look at me too strangely because I don't put one down 41 on the table when we go for a cup of coffee, | still refuse 42. to buy one. Whenever we discuss about the advantages 43. of having a mobile phone, | tell to them the story of 44a relative of mine who he was in Portugal on business. 45. He was driving along the motorway on his way to the 46 airport when his car broke it down. He had been 4T given a number to ring in an emergency, so he used 48 his mobile phone. He speaks fluently German and Italian, . 49 but no Portuguese and they could to speak no English. 50. Unfortunately, he was spent a long time stuck on the 51 motorway and he missed finally his fight. | am sure 52. this has happened to others people so I will not buy oa a mobile phone until the manufacturers will organise a translation service for people travelling abroad. My friends say | always am too fussy but | only want the best. For questions 56-65, read the toxt aw Wott Word given in capitals at the en: forma word that fs in the space inthe same line, There is an example atthe beginning (), Bringing families closer A recent survey has (0) surprisingly... revealed that home computers, SURPRISE. do NOt (56) ...sssseseseessseeeees Felationships within families but do, WEAK in fact, bring children and parents together. A (57) --.sssssessens : GROW number of parents have now become involved in their children’s (58) .. .. Retivities through the computer, which appears to EDUCATION (59) coseeccsesseeeeeeeeses bonds between family members. STRONG One further (60) . reached in a report based on the CONCLUDE survey is that children’s (61) saves needs are satisfied when COMPETE they consistently beat their parents at computer games. The survey must come as a great (62) . sessenses €0 those parents RELIEVE who were (63) ieee ere tener: bousT home, Furthermore, parents who have so far shown no (64) . ans WILLING to buy a computer due to the strong (65) them may now do so. Seeger SUSPECT_ Practice Test 2 For questions 1-15, read the text below and decide which answer A, By C or D best fits each space, There is an example at the beginning 0). Recycling in the office Probably one of the most exciting new (0) ..... In the fold of recycling is a machine that can clean used photocopier “| paper. The device, (I) ...... a decopier, uses a mixture of chemicals to loosen the ink from the paper. A brush then, 2) cass the ink, (3) vee the paper clean and ready to be re-used. (4) ...... the manufacturers, nothing like this has appeared on the market (5) ...... . They claim that the machine is (6) ...... of cleaning a single sheet of paper at least five times. This is because the damage (7) ... chemical which causes an increase (B) ...... the strength of the paper. to the paper by the cleaning chemicals is compensated for by a special Ics predicted thatthe machine will (8)... on despite the high (10) ....« The inital price of £30,000 will probably be too high for small companies but they will ether be able to (11)... one for a reasonable monthly sum or watt for a (12)... smaller, cheaper version to be launched. Multinational companies will have a golden (13) thei bit for the environment and wil save £30,000 within 18 months, assuming they use 1000 sheets of paper day. In addition to saving money and the environment, the machine will to a great (I4) cow « provide a (15) wr... © improve security as it offers an alternative to shredding highly confidential documents to do @ fevelations ~ © inventions ‘discoveries 'd_ concoctions ‘a called B: named ¢. know: dd described: a rejects | ‘Bb. resists. “removes “d > refrains a lewing b leaving © losing resulting ‘a On behalf of b Asregrds |e Byreaconof. According to aagin be since. 5G before diye a capable “babe c possible =“ cotmpetent a made 1b oposed © ificeed done at bin SSS 6 tore through: a catch b: get’ © carry od bring 3 amount b cost © value <6 Worth a take & lend & borrow | dirent | alight 'B sparinely virtually. filly a chance ‘b opportunity. © occasion ‘d_ possibilty a length bi extene range © amount a route “b. manner ¢ method > d way For questions 16-30, read the tex: below and think of the word which best fits each space. in each space, There is an example at the beginning (0). “ee Staying attractive For those people who (0) ....[1!4..... it difficult to stay slim or are disappointed (16) their looks, there may be a solution (17). their problems on its way into thelr ives, Instead of going on dics oF working out in the gym, (18) wil be possible to take tablets to lose weight or stay young. These tablets which (19) sisters Bo a easy £0 take (20) vitamin pills should be avalible in the next decade. Researchers have discovered a gene responsible for producing a previously unknown protein, UCP2, in animals. “This protein is the (21) ....:eensses. important substance in determining whether excess calories are stored as fat or burned off as body heat. Recently, UCP2 has been found in human tissue and drugs which increase the 22) seve of this protein are being tested (23) .-...-+..---. the moment. (24) Is also an exercise pill which acts as a hormone and increases matabolism. This pill will allow the user to lose about one kilo a month ‘without (25) . any exercise at al. {tis believed that the pituitary gland, where the growth hormone (HGH) is manufactured, is the key to youthful looks. HGH prevents skin (26) .... becoming ‘loose’ and stops arteries ‘hardening’. Tests show that an increased level of HGH (27) .. people fee! and look (28) .. Younger. Pharmaceutical companies are going (29) .. develop special drugs called secretagogues to cause the pituitary gland to release more HGH (30) .sscsssevsees ROFMal to help people hold on to their youth.It's a soldier's duty to obey his superior. carry i A solder must The rent was lower than | had expected. as The rent I had expected. This is her first chess tournament. never She . -». chess tournament before. ve never looked after a dog before. used It Harry didn’t turn off his stereo when we came in. after a dog. carried When we came in, Harry His answer to the first question is wrong, mistake He ese sooseeeeee the first question. How can I reach the airport in the shortest time? the airport? She tried as hard as she could, but she failed, did She , but she failed. Charles Dickens wrote his first novel when he was twenty-five years old. age Charles Dickens wrote his first novel ..... Karen will never let you pay her share of the bill. 1. her share of the bill. There has been another increas gone ‘The price of petrol the price of petrol. _ twenty-five. i siete ile sre eeeFor questions 41-55; read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of th lines are and some have a word which should not be there. Ifa line is correct, put a tick (t) in the margin ‘on the right. fa line has a word which should not be there, underline che word and write itn the margin ‘on the right. There are two examples at the beginning (0 and 00). : School reunions The idea of school reunions has always been popular in the United States, where people see thelr former classmates every ‘once a year. Apparently, the idea has also caught it on in England since there are several them announced in the Seat seer at ase newspapers every day. From many people's point of view, school reunions are for those who like to show off or cannot make their friends easily. When a person leaves from school, a new chapter in their life is about to feet begin. It is much more better to keep a few school friends that you really like rather than it Is to contact with those that you did not really care about them, Of course, itis only natural to wonder what your old schoolmates have achieved and how they have changed but, in most cases, they are not just the same as they were at school. They are probably still tell the same awful jokes and stories. | have not seen most of my schoolmates again since | was at school and { do not really want to. For questions B6-65, read the text below, Use _form a. word that fits in the space in the same line, There is an ae at the beginning A better place to live The recent (0) ....... SUCCESS. ‘of an animal charity in moving five SUCCEED tigers from an extremely (56) . cesses €age in Italy to much COMFORT more (57) surroundings in England is another LUXURY encouraging example of (58) . cooperation between NATION animal welfare organisations. The tigers’ (59) ..... at a new home in Kent has brought ‘ ‘ARRIVE hope to people who fight to prevent (60) .. to animals CRUEL ‘ona daily basis. (61) ... secves » ROE all animals can be liberated FORTUNE from the (62) A _. conditions in which they are discovered. HEALTH This is usually because of (63) .. delays in legal procedures REASON and the fact that many courts are (64) wines to the needs of SENSE animals in captivity. In order to end this (65) ....-.0.. suffering, NECESSITY there must be greater understanding of the problem,Future Simple & Continuous, Be Going To, Present Simple & Continuous, Future Perfect Simple & Continuous Future Simple I won't leave Shall Vieave? | will (shall) leave © youthe/she/it will leave youthelsheli¢ won't { Will youlhe/shefit leave? ‘we will (shall) leave we won't leave Shall we leave? you/they will leave youlthey won't leave Will you/they leave? He will probably be late. © Instant decisions ‘The telephone's ringing. | will answer it. ® Requests Will you help me with my homework? 8 Promises I will do my best. © Offers | will pick you up after work. 5 Threats IF you tell anyone, PIL Kall you! 1 suppose he will be here in @ minute. 1 think you will like the new CD. & Opinions about the future, introduced by verbs such as: assume, believe, think, expect, suppose, be sure, know, hope Note: We say Shall I. ? or Shall we... ? when we want to offer or suggest something. L | Shall I bring you a drink? Shall we go home now? Future Continuous Will iyourhe/shefit be leaving? Will welyoulthey be leaving? Uyoulhelshetit will be leaving welyoulthey will be leaving Vyourhelshelit won't be leaving welyoulthey won't be leaving Don't call at 6 pm because I will be studying then An action in progress at a specific time in the future An arrangement for the future © To find out about somebody's plans when we want to ask them a favour He will be going to France for his holiday this year. Will you be wearing your leather jacket tomorrow? ff not, can 1 borrow it?since cs Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Fueure Simple or the Future Continuous, Ujsid fesreeseceettcbocrice 2 I think he . 3° Don't call me at 10 pm. 1 .. "We don't have any more bread.’ ‘Don’t worry. ! This time tomorrow |... I really don’t know where I . This time next month | It’s @ beautiful island. | am sure you ‘At 9 pm tonight, we .. Don't vist your grandparents ths afternoon. They ~. film at the cinema. Be Going to am going to leave ~ 1m noe going to leave he/shelt is going to leave he/shelit isn’t going to leave youlwelthey are going to leave | youfwelthey aren going to leave (help) you carry this armchair. Don't worry. + (be) here soon. (have) a bath at that time, (buy) some.” (work) this time next year, (ski) in the Alps. +11 (enjoy) your holiday there. ‘Am I going to leave? |s he/she/it going to leave? Are youlwelthey going to leave? To express intention {am going to fly 0 Pars tonight. 5 To make predictions based Look ot the clouds! It's going to rain. on present facts i Present Simple with a future meaning Do tlyoulwelthey start? Does he/shefit start? Uyoulwelthey stare helshefit starts Wyoulwelthey don't start he/she/it doesn't start & For programmed events © For timetables The concert starts at 8.30 am. The airplane takes off at 9.45 pm. {ain leaving {tm not leaving helshefte is leaving helshefie sn’ leaving youlwelthey are leaving youlwelthey aren't leaving Am leaving? Is he/sheit leaving? ‘Are youlwelthey leaving? & Fora definite arrangement Fam having « party on Saturday night. Wil you come? in the near future Are you coming with us tomorrow? 1 can't come with you on Tuesday. | am seeing the doctor. Note: There must be a word or phrase that talks about fupure time unless this can be understood from the context.r Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the appropriate tense: Future Simple, be going to, Present Simple or Continuous. There may be more than one possible answer in some sentences. 1.2m meeting/am going £0 meet... (meet) jim at 9,30 tonight. You can join us if you want. | (g0) to Rome tomorrow. (you / pass) the salt, please? ( (probably'come) to see you some time next month. (answer) it i os (give) you a lift. sesesssses (take off) at 9 am. (eal) her about Ie 1 promise 9 Noone..... pease «(ever know) the truth, 10 Where . (we / meet)? What about Victoria station? Wee Jesse (G0) to a rock concert on Sunday. Would you like to come! 12 You didh’c keep my secret. | «+ (never tell) you anything again, 13. I suppose the teacher . i _ (explain) it to us. (John / come) to the cinema with us? (rain). Look at those dark clouds! The buses are on strike. | .. We have to hurry. The plane . 1 2 3 4 : 5 The phone is ringing. | . 6 7 8 IS It looks like it Complete the following sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the appropriate tense: Future Simple or be going to. Lo. Will you open {you / open) the door for me, please? (look after) the children for you. (put) your new stereo? “(eelg) from my job next month. 1 2 3 4 « (hrave) a look at it for you. (be) a rice day tomorrow. 5. tnt your television working property? I. 6 Look at that red sky. fe ie = «(Pot 589) a word to anyone and that’s @ promise. 8 Don't worry. F. scree (B8) on time for the meeting. i He 9 We... (play) tennis this evening. t 10 I suppose he .......ss000 ld aid (be) on his way to London soon, ! Future Perfect Simple ‘The Future Perfect Simple is formed using will + have + past participle. “Wil Uyoulhlael it have ie I Will welyourthey have left? liyoulhelshelic won'tihave left “Myoufhe/shesit will have left ~ ft welyoulthey won't have left ‘welyourthey will have left ® For an action that will have By the time they come home, | will have eaten my dinner. happened before a certain time in the future 5 Normally used with a time ‘expression beginning with By: By then, By the end of... By Monday... By Monday, | will have finished writing the reportFuture Perfect Continuous ‘The Future Perfect Continuous is formed using will + have + been + -ing. you will have been waiting helsheft will have been waiting wetyoulthey will have been waiting you won't have been waiting hhelshe/it won't have been waiting welyoulthey won't have been waiting aa Lee Will you have been waiting? Will hefsheit have been waiting? Will welyoulthey have been waiting? 8 To talk about how long something will have been in progress at a certain time in the future. ® Normally used with a time expression beginning with By: By then, By the end of..., By Monday. By the time they come home, | will have been cooking for two hours. By Monday, | will have been writing my novel for three months. @ Future tenses cannot be ‘As soon as | get home, fil call him. used in a time clause after When we are arriving ot the airport, their plane will be landing. words such as when, as soon | I will have finished decorating her room by the time she gets back from as, after, before, by the time, | holiy. tunti, ete. A present tense is | I won't tell her about it until you say it's OK. always used. i Note: We use the Present Perfect Simple when we want to emphasise that one action is finished before the next one begins By the time | have finished cleaning my room, lunch will be ready. Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the Future Perfect Simple or the Future Perfect Continuous. ___will have finished 1 By ten o'clock, | (finish) doing my homework. 2 When | arrive at 10 pm, Sarah . (cook) for three hours. 3 By next year, he vesseesessees (cave) enough money to buy a house, 4 By the time you get to the airport, your aunt coer orice (check in). 5. By the end of this month, my father ..... (work) for forty years, 6 By the end of this school year, Mrs Thomas .... sessssessessseeses (teach) for fifteen years. 7 In May, my grandmother .. (be) married to my grandfather for fifty years. 8 By the time you get home, |... ++ finish) tidying up. 9 By the end of this year, Sue . (rive) a car for twenty years 10 By the time Peter comes back, our friends ....sccssseeisssese ov (leave), TH By April, Polly... sssunes (Work) a5 a doctor for seven years. 12 They creesesesne (repair) this road by the time you visit this area again 1B They sesssseeee .. (ouild) the new hospital by the year 2006. 14 By nine o'clock tonight, | .. (write) invitations for five hours.Use the prompts to write sentences [Link] the examples. ime /you/ onive /1 eat (dinner, .... By 8 pm/1/ work / five hours ie ‘arrive, I will: haveeater dinner. By; 8 pm, I will have been working for five hours, i ‘ | 2 Bynoon/1/ paint / room / blue 5 By 9 pm/ she / get ready / for the party / three hours | 6 My parents / drive / a day / by the time / they / reach / the village Our teacher / teach / twenty years / by the time / he / retire ~ 8 By this evening/1/ make / all the preparations / for the party { 4 9° The Prime Minister / be / in office / four years / by thenext election I 10 By the time / he / be / fifteen years old / he / learn / English / seven years Complete the following sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the Fucure Perfect Simple, the Future Perfect Continuous or the Future Continuous. I . (Ging) in the church choir for ten years. | (talk) about politics. By the end of next month, | If Gerry is with them, they ; i I. = (work) late this evening so don’t wait up for me. By the year 2050, mankind ....... sessssseee (destroy) all the rainforests. We pd (Stay) with my aunt until we find another flat ‘At the end of the academic year, Mr White . (teach) geography at this school for thirty years. on koNa ‘Choose the correct word or phrase | promise 1@itnever IY won't be lying to you again. 2A will work / wil be working at 9 pm. You can’t come at that time. 3 Wait a minute. | wil get / wil be getting dressed very quickly. 4. Sue will have been working / will work here for ten years by the end of the month. 5 Mary won't eat / won't have eaten, so let’s take her a sandwich. [ 6 7 8 9 Mum will be finishing / will have finished cooking by the time we arrive. ‘ When | get home in the afternoon, my brother will be watching / will watch his favourite TV programme. Don’t forget. The plane lands / will land at 7 pm. By the year 2008, John will be / will have been thirty years old. 10 By our next anniversary, we will have been married / will be married for fifteen years. wComplete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple, Future Continuous or the Present Simple | Mrs Thomson ....Will,have been working. ... (work) in this firm for twenty years by the time she : : : (be) forty-six years old. 2 By the time he eee eves (graduate), he economics for five years. (study) 3) When my father -[Link] secseseeccnesee (Gell) the Old eat he sees fe (buy) a new one. 4 When I vsscon (get) home, | (call) you right away. (aot be able) to complete this exercise uncil .- (show) you how. aves (turn off) the lights before I. (finish) the washing-up, 1 5 You. - (leave). 7 Assoon as | (take) you to the station. 8 We eseeeeeusseeenseee (have) lunch when John . a Find the mistake and correct the sentences. 1 When he will arrive, he will sess ering to me. 5 _ jill wil see a client from 9 am to Il am, Don't call her then, 6 We are late for the tran, fe wil leave by now. B Choose the correct sentence, A or B. 1 Can you come shopping with us tomorrow morning? ‘A Sorry, but Il see my dentist tomorrow morning, Sorry, but | am seeing my dentist tomorrow morning, 2 I'd really lke to mest you on Saturday. A Great! I'm not doing anything then. B Great! | don’t do anything then. 3 What are you thinking about? A This time tomorrow, | willie on a beach. B This time tomorrow, | will be lying on a beach. 4 This is the second time you've lied to me. A Sorry, Mum. I'll never lie to you again. B Sorry, Mum. | won't be lying to you again. 5 Can you give Tom this parcel for me, please? A Of course, | can. | will have seen Tom today. B Of course, | can, | am seeing Tom today. 6 Are you reading another book? A Yes, L will be finishing it by this evening. B Yes; | will have finished it by this evening,VOCABULARY PRACTICE Phrasal verbs: mixed Use the phrasal verbs below in the correct form to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you. call back call for (2) all off all out call on call up count on count in coup out count up cross out 1 ifthe match is on 20th April, you'll have to ...... . (exclude) me .. eee because my best friend is getting marti Tonight's meeting has been «.....:ecsssesssse« (Cancelled) because some of the committee are ill, She had such a high temperature that we decided to ... sess (Send for) a doctor last night. saccss (Pequires) a great deal of patience 2 3 4 Being a primary school teacher «1... 5 You'll have to sess: (puta line through) your mistakes because you can’t erase them. 6 7 8 9 He said he'd . (come to our house to fetch) us so we don’t need to use our car. | told her she could : (visit) me whenever she liked. We cat veces (rely on) Jane because she never breaks a promise, ‘When | mentioned the job to Jack, he said we shouldn't ......sssssesssseees (Include) him... unless he was going to be well paid for it. i 10 anyone phones while I'm in the meeting, tell them I'll . (return their phone call) later. HL In the event of war, men aged between 18 and 25 are .. . (taken into the army) first. 12. Atthe end of the day We .....sssssesesseeee (add up) the money in the till and put itinto the safe, Use the phrasal verbs below in the correct form to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you. ‘cut down. ‘cut down on cus Q) cut out (2) do away with do out of do up do without (solated) as a result of heavy snowstorms, soseees (disconnected). Several smal villages have been Unless you pay the bill within the next three days, your phone will be ... ‘Wait until the noise ... (comes to an end) before you begin your speech. By. esses (Feducing the amount of) waste, a company can increase its profit. The old cottage will have to be ... +: (redecorated and repaired) before we move in. me ccessssnsess (stopped from having) my share of the profits. _.- (bring to the ground) the old tree because the trunk was rotten. I don’t think he’s «.. as. (Buited) t0 be a teacher because he’s not patient enough. “HE you don’t «sssseo _ (stop) this childish behaviour, you wor’t be in the team,’ sald the manager. They .... .-+: (got rid of) the one-pound note in Britain and replaced it with a coin. How can we Henry sete We had to .. .. (manage if we haven't go any) money when we have bills to pay? . (taking a shorter route through) the park. You can save time by ..... i Ib 1 { | i i 1Use the phrasal verbs below in the correct form to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences. The first one his been done for you. [ drayGat draw up drop in drop off drop out eat out fall for 2)’ fallin with, fall out fall through (withdrew) some money from the bank this morning so I can lend you £20 until tomorrow. .- (filed) because the bank refused to give her a loan, sssesseen (COOK an immediate liking to) the world-famous actress. Her plans to open a shop ..... The young actor .. Acar .. (stopped) outside the bank and two armed men got out. Ill take a tong time for him to (agree to) the changes we want to make. ++ (go to a restaurant) instead. 2 3 4 5 6 I don’t fancy cooking this evening so let's 7 Graham and Belinda (had an argument) last night so they're not speaking'to each other. 8 You can (Visic without making an arrangement) at any time you like. 9 I'm surprised that she i .- (was deceived by) an old trick like that. }0 Only ten members took part, The rest .aisssseessssssses (iled to take part) because of a flu epidemic. TL Pye got the car this mornitig So 1 cam ...scsssessessens (take) yOu -. wherever you want. Words easily confused Use the words on the left to complete the sentences on the right. Make sure the words are in the correct form. Use each word at least once. recognise, him, 1 to switch off the lights when you leave, me of my cousin, ‘the code and burnt the paper on which it was written, ime to phone Jack this evening. .. Seeing her at the exhibition? rode over a nail and gota . sscee in my front tyre. There's a . + in the sleeve so | can’t wear this shire. If the engine is losing oll there must be a... : somewhere. in the wall after the earthquake. There was a .. The cake had a thin... Of cream on top. She lives in a three-......ecsecsccceeeees HOUSE. They. work in an office on the fiftieth ssssssens Of New York skyscraper, The OZONE vsesicvezernvseseee {5 getting thinner and thinner. ‘There was a swimming poo! on nearly every You can’t exchange goods without a ‘The play received excellent Hound the .. You need a : Driving at such high speeds is a . . for this meal in a maga to get this medicine. eves for disaster.iv ob feance | | think you should apply for the .. He's been offered a .. in the local factory. The journey to .. can take up to two hours, A. «in journalism can be quite rewarding. All he talks about is of sales manager. oe ’ c d e f a b © d a b c d e f sco if fm not satisfied with the service. hhas been offered for information leading to the arrest of the kidnappers. We deliver and install the system at no extra eel “The. are so high at that school that few parents can afford to send their children there. Unless we receive ithin a week, your order will be cancelled. Being hungry, the dog -....ss00 veessssssuses this sweet and your sore throat will feel better. Snakes can... .-. eggs that are several times larger than their head Seand still or the dog will ....-ssesseeeessee YOU We gave the rabbit a carrot to Instead of . the, champagne, he drank it in one gulp. She works for a law «1. There was a large explosion at the .. Al the managers here have a .. ‘This country depends heavily on the tourist «.. in the capital this morning. car. used to be .. . of spiders. Fora few . . moments | thought the plane would crash Despite being an experienced actor, he stil gets «....--ssesensvsseee before & performance. Where have you been? | have been .......esssseesses+ abOUL YOU. He's. se-re with me because | made fun of him. . several witnesses made false statements. The ssssseeeeeee consisted of seven men and five women. I we can't agree on a solution, the matter will have to be settled in ‘The blackmailer received a three-year prison ... le doesn’t... cesses Whatt you wear to the party. What really wossoeeeee ime is the way she acts when she can't get her own way. don’t want to be ....ssssesssessessee« Please leave me alone, Don to anyone using his tools. ‘The flowers outside the murder victim's kitchen window had been ...ecssseesssesias + Would you ss... helping me with the washing-up?Word formation (un)discovered {non)violent empower (disappear blind shortishortish (unreliability special . generous aia enable ee Haeebaee “ apply sesecesssnes | beautify Seite : revolutionise : fe .. | deafideafening closed creationlereativity) « attentive soossueseceee | Satisfy | I | 1 . is being delivered this afternoon, MACHINE 2 Has the cesses bill arrived yet? ELECTRIC 3° What kind of .... esveeee do you have with your sisters? RELATE 4 Their decision to stop helping the handicapped can only be described as . HEART Sate sess are advised to avoid unnecessary overtaking. MOTOR 6 He has dark .oeecccescseensees hal CURL 7 Lenjoy sitting on the balcony in surnmer, ...secssseesssss+e when | am in good company. ‘SPECIAL 8 Would you like to come to an «+ .. meeting next weekend. ATHLETE 9 This soup is far t00 ..-s-seesee for me, SALT TO. find it hard €0 ..sessssseeseeeeses Fong passages for homework. MEMORY Preposition practice Use the prepositions below only where necessary to complete the sentences which follow. out of to in with at on by as for 1 Ttetephoned .......c.....2 the police station and spoke .....4%....4 the officer .. duty. 2 Your reaction . his promotion took me ... surprise, 3. This uniform is exactly the same .....[Link] the one | wore When I Was ssssseeeeeeess School. 4 He's not ........:see a good mood because he's ....sesseses- @ strict diet, 5 Several people were injured when the coach collided ... a lorry, 6 We arrived ...--sccssvsee the cinema .. time to have a cup of coffee before the film started, 7 What was Marie Curie famous .. 8 Your working ...... a taxi driver .». the question 9 Please concentrate .....esss++s+ What you're doing. TO Lwent .aceessesesse Holiday sossssseseuess myself for the first time last year.Plural Nouns, Countable & Uncountable Nouns, Quantifiers, Definite & Indefinite Articles Plural Nouns ‘The plural is formed: dog dogs : by adding -s. : song — songs a ‘ table ~ tables : : Nouns ending in. brush — brushes BUT: -sh, -ch, “8s, -%,-0 church ~ churches kilo kilos take es to form the plural 5 kiss = kisses radio ~ radios box - boxes plafio ~ pianos tomato ~ tomatoes. ~ 5 (words of foreign origin) Nouns eniding in -y following baby ~ babies BUT: toy toys @ consonant take -les to form lady = ladies & Cy after a vowel) the plural. Nouns ending in -f or -fe take knife ~ knives wolf - wolves BUT: ves to form the plural. life = lives loaf — loaves belief — beliefs thief - thieves shelf ~ shelves roof ~ roofs wife — wives Some nouns have tooth - teeth goose ~ geese sheep ~ sheep irregular plural forms. foot ~ feet mouse ~ mice ox - oxen man- men child — children deer ~ deer ‘woman= women person—people fish ~fish Some nouns have the same ‘4 means — two means a sheep — two sheep form in the plural a series — two series a deer ~ two deer a species ~ two species a fish — Wo fish Collective nouns can take a ‘Our team is the best. ‘Our team are the best. ular or plural verb. (We consider the team a single group,) (A number of individuals) Certain words are always clothes pyjamas scissors plural and take a plural verb. police binoculars spectacles trousers glasses scales boy ~ girl nephew ~ niece husband — wife baby bachelor — spinster widower — widow man = woman child bridegroom — bride father ~ mother son — daughter parent duke ~ duchess king — queen uncle = aunt relative prince ~ princess teenager cousing Complete the sentences using the plural form of the nouns in brackets. +t Find the mistakes and correct the sentences. “ me Theré were some intelligent Scientific .. foe at the meeting. (man) are made eveiy day. (discovery) We went to an island with many beautiful. sesessne « (Beach) James couldn't reach the top three . ++ of the bookcase. (shelf) She saw two sssossssoee under the bed and started screaming. (mouse) She went on a det because she had put on ten sensu Many animal .. Sarah did't ike any of her wedding - We saw some (kilo) snasnnearesbecoming extinct (species) {photo) ,some (fox, deer, sheep) - and some I broke two . -. when [fell over. (tooth) Write the masculine or feminine form Write the plural form of the nouns. of the nouns, child sooo Gitzo... | bachelor kerife 2 duchess foot .. 3 nephew series : 4 man country 5S bride donkey 7 6 wife wolf . 7 uncle roof . 8 son man 2 9 widow fish 10 prince | met two boyes last night and we became friends, met two. boys lest night and, ame fils Sarah doesn't like potatos. My parents had the time of their lifes when they went to Brazil. Some peoples believe that Mr Smith Is 2 th He bought some peachs and bananas at the supermarket. yesterday's match, I broke two tooths ‘Three babys were crying in the nursery. He mustn't play with Knifes, He should play with his toys, “The prison is full of mouse’ said the convict ‘Two thiefs were arrested by the police yesterday.Countable Nouns ‘We can count countable nouns. . 4 fox — two foxes a-chld ~ three children ‘They have singular and plurat forms and can take both singular and plural verb types. The dog is under the table. The dogs are under the table. We can use , an, the, my, etc. {sold my car. | Bought a car. Few people came to the party. In the plural we can use some, any, many, few. | [found some books in the attic Uncountable Nouns We cannot count uncountable nouns. ‘occommodation fun news odvice furniture rubbish bread hair water chocolate information weather coffee iter wine domoge luggage work ‘equipment money They are always singular and do not take @ I need oxcadvice. I need some advice. ‘or an, They can take some. I gave him 3 information, I gave him some information. Tboughoacnew furniture. I bought some new furniture. To show the amount of an uncountable noun, we can use expressions such as @ piece of, a bar of, « glass/eup/bow! of, a bottle of, a loaf of « tin of etc. | gave him a piece of advice. She bought two loaves of bread. He opened one bottle of red wine and two bottles of white wine. 4 Take the rubbishes outside, please. He gave me a useful advice. ‘The police were asking questions about Carol. ‘The party was 2 great fun We're still waiting for some new equipments. Meg's hair is naturally curly. There are some good news for you in this letter. ‘There was a marvellous scenery near our hotel. ‘Your money has been transferred to our branch in York. I've got a work to do so don't interrupt me again. Correct the sentences where necessary. Ifa sentence is correct, put a tick (7) on the right. Otherwise, underline the incorrect word(s) and write the correct word(s) on the right. rubbish. ee eee FE would lke 00. 8Q2%@..0..e0 information about the rooms in your hotel. 2 Péike ... soup, please 3. Mum, need . . money to buy new notebook 4 Lwatched . ves unusual film a€ the cinema yesterday. 5 I bought . ceoseseses NeW furniture when I was in Thailand, 6 Could you give me sasseesse . advice, please? 7 Could you buy .... ... leaf of bread, Tom? 8 Ineed osu . equipment for my camping holiday. 9 Would you like seceesesees Cup OF Coffee? 10 He did sass damage to his car when he reversed into a building. : Quantifiers much ‘With uncountable nouns { don't have much money. (only-in negative sentences Js there much soup lef? and questions) 1 many With countable nouns She has many friends. He didn't invite many people to his party. little ‘With uncountable nouns She has lietle money. She can't come with us. (© not much) She has little experience. She didn’t get the job. alittle With uncountable nouns There is @ little rice left. Help yourself (= some) few With countable nouns He has few friends that he can trust. (& not many) Few people go to the theatre nowadays. afew With countable nouns There are a few boys playing in the yerd. | (© some) | saw a few people running down the stret. a ‘Complete the sentences with few, a few, little or a little AB Vo enseeedGW, people applied for the job, so they put another advertisement in the newspaper. DD have oes .. time to watch TY. I have too much work, 3 Jack has ... friends in this town. It seems that nobody likes him. 4 gave my teacher .- ideas for the class project. He liked them a lot, SM vvsssnee years, people will be using the Internet to do their shopping. 6 Thave ... free time today. How about going to the cinema? 7 Mum, Ineed .. advice, said Sheila. 8 My father has . patience with people who are rude to him,a Find che misakes and correct the sentences. ‘You mustn't carry many luggage when you travel. 5 There weren't much people at the concert, | You musta’[Link] Lugaage when, [Link]. 7 coovteeeeveneceereeesneeetseuectennesee 2 I gave the police the informations they needed. 6 | gave you £50 last week. What did you do with them? | 3 would like you to give me an a 4 Yesterday's news were really shocking, 8 I B Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use one word. ; | 1 Twent on a school trip last weekend, but not many students came, : I went on a school trip last weekend, but .........-/&W......... students came, 2. He told the visitors that he could only talk for a short time, He told the visitors that he didn’t have time to talk, I've only got a little luggage so | can carry it myself. | Edon’t have ...eccccssoeessresssns luggage so I can carry it myself. | 4 You didn’t include enough information in your letter. 7 I There was .. information in your letter. I need more. i I really don’t spend much money on clothes. : | spend ... money on clothes. 6 Martha doesn’t know many people in this town, Martha knows people in this town. i 7 There weren’ many guests at her party. } There were .. 1. guests at her party. i 8 There isn’t much water in that part of the world. There is ‘water in that part of the world. Definite Article — the \ ‘When the noun referred to | There were two men and woman in th carrge. ‘The wortan ‘| | has already been mentioned | was friendly but the men were not . | i Wheb it is obvious what is belhg | Don’t forget to lock the door when you leave. a e : : referred to SES ‘ x \ : When referring to people of the “The Japanese respect tradition. é same nationality and animals or ‘The black rhinoceros hos became very rare, gs of the same kind ] When referring to something Exéryone knows what the Mona Lisa looks tke. unique The sky is beautiful this evening. With superiatives Ie was the most incredible film Pd ever seen. | With oceans, seas, rivers, deserts, 1 would love to swim in the Indian Ocean, float on the Dead Sea, ) : island groups and mountain ranges sail down the Nile, cross the Sahara, have a house in the i t Seychelles and float over the Alps in a hot air balloon, 7 With the names of hotels, theatres, The Hiton hotel is near the Globe treatre. cirmenas, ships, newspapers and He's sailing on the Admiral todoy. } : organisations | get the Daily Telegraph every day. | ' She works for the Red Cross. : ‘When referring to something The ice cream you can buy in Rome is quite different from the ‘ belonging to a specific person, ice cream we have here. i : place or time VI i 5 With certain adjectives J donated some money to a charity called ‘Guide Dogs for the Blind’ | (Other adjectives commonly used in this way are: deof, elderly, Od, poor, rich, unemployed and young) |® With singular countable nouns mentioned for the first time ‘To mean per/each in expressions of frequency 5 To show job, nationality, political persuasion, etc Have you got a pen you can lend me? 1 go to the gym twice a week. His wife sa dentist. He is an American. She is a Conservative There is an apple on the table. It was an obvious solution. 1 see you in an hour. Do you have to wear a uniform to school? This is a useless pen! Have you got another one? Note: The indefinite article an is used before nouns (or adjective + noun) beginning with a vowel «@,¢, jo, wand a few words beginning with h when the h is not pronounced. When u is pronounced ‘you, itis preceded by the indefinite article «. “Articles are not used ees with countable nouns in the plural whien we are referring to something ina general way. with abstract nouns. | with names of sports, games, colours, days, months; drinks, holidays, meals and languages (not followed by the word language). ® with the names of countries (but the Argentine, the USA), cities, streets (but the M5, the High Street), squares, bridges (but the Golden Gate Bridge), parks, stations, individual mountains, islands, lakes, continents. ® bed, church, hospital, school, prison, universiy, college, court when referring to the reason they exist. Lions ore hunters: Life can be so unfair at times. Tennis is Rachels favourite sport. Chinese is very hard to learn, Im getting married in August. Nigeria is in Africa. ‘Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in Europe. Lake Windermere isn't far from Liverpool. She was taken to hospital by ambulance. Tye put your clothes on the bed. 1 Many people believe that 2 When | was at life of .. about continents like ........- Asia, There was .. sees Strange light in . + peace is always preferable to Being Where is . How can you study in « George is making .... Only Mark made... soo golf is not war. engineer, he doesn’t have time to play . book I ent you? progress in all subjects. useful contribution to Swvmvaurse . easy sport to master. - doctor is .. school, my favourite subject was ....... . Germany if you can’t speak ......... German? E ‘Complete the following sentences with the, @ or an where necessaty. glamorous one. ‘geography because | enjoyed lear sky last night, tennis, discussion.Phrasal verbs: get Use the word get phrases in bracket across down (2) awaywith by ~—outof_ ~— downto. — onwfth = out, away its correct form together with the particles below to replace the words and the following sentences, The first [Link] been done for you. get on with les important to «..... . (pave a good relationship with) your colleagues. 2. All this talk of unemployment... sescssees (makes) Me... (depressed). 3. I don't know who's been stealing from us but they're not going to ... punished for) it. 4 No matter how difficult the theory is, our physics teacher can ... .- (avoid being (explain) it 5 We haven't got much money but I'm sure we'll ++ (manage). 6 Ruth hasn't done the washing-up all week but she’s not going to ....... sesseeesees avoid) ft today, 7 Ifyou want to make new friends, you'll have to (spend) more (time outside the home). & I thought Id caught a big fish but somehow it managed to ... .- (escape). derrennrertmneacieenity err eat ce ek et .- (start doing) it right now. 9 How can b essscee 10 1've gota lot of homework to do so | suppose | should .. Use the word get in its correct form together with the particles below to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences, The first one has been done for you. ‘over round through) up together throughto-—roundto—back. | Don't leave the children alone for too long or they'll ose... BOE MP. FO. .sseoes (start doing) something (naughty). We should .. .. (meet) for a cup of coffee some time. 3 Since the wind is (becoming stronger) I'd rather not go sailing today. . (make contact “There must be something wrong wth her phone because | can't with) her. 5 Ie didn't take him long to .. ‘As soon as I've esses (spend) the money he won on the pools. . (recovered from) the operation, I'll be ready to go back to work. 7 Despite not revising very much, James ........ sose+ (succeeded in) all his exams. Sue can usually ... (persuade) her father (to do what she wants) 9 We must .. +. (recover) the CDs .. . before Jane finds out they're missing. 10 There's a lot of cleaning to be done but | haven’t been able to ..... to do) it yet. . (find the timei iH | Phrasal verbs: give Use the word give in its correct form together with the particles below to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you. | awe - oypto out back off up (2) in Q) 1 This room is ... SYS! 9¥E".£0.... (used for) entertaining foreign visitors. We have t0 sess .. (submit) our compositions by Friday at the latest. 3 Once the robber realised there was no escape, he ++ (surrendered) himself 4 [lent him some books last month but he hasn't ae (returned) them eee to me yet. 5 My doctor advised me to .... sesssss (Stop) eating junk food. GEE .. (donated) many of my old books to the local orphanage. 7 Burning tyres .» (produce) thick, foulssmelling clouds of smoke. & I'm determined not to .. (Surrender) to her this time. She can't always have what she wants, 9 The way he spoke to his wife 10 As the teacher was .. sssssassen (showed) his true feelings towards her. . (distributing) the examination papers, my mind went blank. P Words easily confused Use the words on the left to complete the sentences on the right. Make sure the words are in the correct form. Use each word at least once. eee by clicking her fingers. of the ‘No swimming’ signs and dived 8 boxes must be handled with smu Fecord in this class is very poor. Your ankle is not broken. t's just a . a bo He's hada vous On his cheek since he was @ child. ¢ The boxer’s face was black and blue from the .. he received during the fight. d Kes a deep ....cscsscecssses $0 it will probably need stitches. She survived the crash with not so much as a... ‘on her body. There was no sonrso of a break-in at the scene of the crime. All the .. points to suicide. Without hard ... he won't be found guity. The sei + inthis ease speak for themselves. I you can provide .--vrsen that you were somewhere else, you won't beconvicted. ‘Articles cannot be exchanged without. . of purchase. i's a waste of time. towards you? .. of the way I ran the office. ‘of the new process? From my point of What provoked their hostile... My boss expressed her ... What's your .a Eagles are not very ... in this area, “Photographing everything insight is stsscssseeee behaviour for a Japanese tourist. liar with, sissssess Office procedure. Ed Having’ seen nothing out of the .. the security guard went back to his office. @) For some Feason, she didn't follow her .. f After Speaking to her, | realised we had not . routine, EEE oor ogee EEEL Ee You're under arrest. b He drives the .. make of car as my father. They get on well together because they're so much ... Your watch is 1 to the one I have but mine has a leather strap, of fish while snorkelling in the sea, ‘of bees started chasing them, ooo. Of wolves roaming these forests. He has two sheepdogs to look after his .......- coovsee OF sheep, of cattle in the field we decided not to cross it . offions. a The demonstrators «04. b On average our hens The detectives . out and searched the field for the murder weapon, d. Could you help me . the table, please? down if you feel unwell, unopened on the table. when the riot police appeared. . one egg a day. a Her unele spent two brief .. working in Asia, bo In this day and .2...002......1...... up-to-date information fs vital. We get our school reports at the end of .. d- Do you remember the ....... _ when we went to Brands Hatch? We have history first on Monday morning. Welve bought a second-hand ear in excellent Finding herself in 2 wncnssneesnees Of pOWEr has changed her completely The got worse and worse until war broke out a year later. Your children are in an excellent a b © d a b © He stil bears the scars of a gunshot A serious back Brenda was in quite a lot of d Fortunately, the storm did litde «ss. A little exercise won't do you any .. on his right leg. forced him to miss most of last season. after the operation. . to our property. aWord formation aa ‘Complete the following table. Use prefixes where qa aay threatening _ boredom. | bore | sess | mystify | sar Bee Epeseriatt i | ee neighbourly profit 7 | pee | excitedlexciting | | kindness oo | prediction jictastoetee as |- Picci | | (un)prepared iz ay | endless | invitation pensreessce! {un)communicative i preventive : | P.. eeeseen a = } a a explanatory completion | aa } 1 | defensive be surviving ii ses | ceeseeceesceeens | visiting | - hide | See 8 Use the word in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in the space in the sentence, Under .....faveurable..... conditions we can reach the nearest istand In two hours. FAVOUR 1 2 His ambition is to become a concert .. potas tat PIANO 3. She studied ..... at university ECONOMY 4 They are so good at doubles that they are virtually ......csssssessceeee BEAT 5 You'd better not drive if itis ma FOG 6 Neither of us have any «sss to your going on holiday with your friends. ‘OBJECT 7 Without ... - our racing team will face financial difficulties. SPONSOR 8 The. of students were in favour of the proposal. MAJOR 9 ities sesesesy throw it away, USE 10 Have you ever met a film star? FAME Preposition practice ge Use the prepositions below only where necessary to complete the sentences which follow. My parents went .. He's annoyed 1 shopping and we stayed 2 . you for not getting in contact .. 3 all means bring your dog but keep it ......... control. 4 You must believe ‘yourself if you want to succeed ......... Feaching the top . 5 Margaret is - 8 great deal of pressure ......... the moment. 6 My father gave me a clock which once belonged ......... his grandfather. i” 8 9 0 your chosen career. + my mind, everyone is responsible ......... the problems caused by pollution. times you remind me your grandmother. it happened ......... accident, why would they put the blame ......... you? People are quite prepared to spend large sums ......... money their children's education,“Can, Could & Be Able To, Must & Have To, May/Might, Should, Needn’t | i We use can + bare infinitive ae = to talk about ability in che present or future. = to talk about or ask for permission. = to make requests | He can play the piano. Can | go to the cinema tonight, Murn? Gan you buy some mik on your way home, please? B We use could + bare infinitive - to talk about a general ability in the past. = to ask for permission in the present or future. = to make a polite request in the present. | could play chess when I was young. Could | use your telephone, please? Could | have another cup of tea, please? We use be able to in a variety of simple tenses = to talk about ability. - to talk about one specific occasion when we | J won't be able to come to your party L. managed (or didn't manage) to do something. He was able to save the boy from drowning. They weren't able to find tickets for the concert. We could hear the sea from our hotel room. Note: With verbs of senses, we use could and not be able to. | She could see that Laura had had her hair cut. Complete the following sentences by using can(’t), could(a’t) or the correct form of be able to. Some sentences can be completed in more than one way. 1 Fortunately, wo .........MEFe able 00. reach the airport in time for our flight. | 2 They rveeeeevee find a solution to the problem yet. 3 Ihave some more chocolate, please? 4° Although | tried hard, 1. sccssseeussseees Beat the club champion, 5 She type as well as anyone | know. | 6 Md lke . . choose my own working hours. otter _.. you hear the teacher clearly from the back of the room? | 8 Both his sisters. play a reasonably good game of chess at the age of five. 9 .. see most of the city from the top of the hil. | 10 .. borrow my dress at the weekend. | ul _ persuade his parents to let him go on holiday with his friends. | R come to lunch tomorrow; she's working.Must & Have To © Must + bare infinitive and have to + bare All visitors must provide proof of identi. infinitive express obligation. You have to read chapter six tonight becouse we're discussing it in class tomorrow. Must not (mustn't) expresses prohibition, Students must not eat in the classroom, © Do not (don't) have to talks about something You don’t have to go to the party if you don't want to that is not a necessity. Note: Must is not often used in the interrogative form. L to Study the examples and reverice the sentences. “Ibis necessary for her to study more ce Itisn't necessary for her to work. She doesn't have £0 work. | Its necessary for Mary to ask her parents first. Mary 2 It isn't necessary for my mother to cook for my party. My ROCHE sssscsecsssessssessensree 3. It is unnecessary for my father to pay for my bike. My father . 4 Itisn’t necessary for Mrs Brown to water the flowers every day.. Mrs Brown 5 It isn't necessary for him to wal He in the queue. 6 Itis unnecessary for you to worry about the exams. You Complete the sentences with must or have to in the appropriate form, Some sentences can be completed in more than one way. TEE Ou esse atte aU ++ (not) lie to your parents. 2 This year, t ++ (not) get up early every day, but last year I . get up early each morning. Bo SHeMa eeseesseescseeeesetese +. (RO) bring so much food to the party yesterday. tt wasn't necessary. 4 You sss (Not) come to tomorrow's meeting if you don't want to. 5. Since his wife's death, he ..... take care of his two children all by himself. 6 Ji cassette sscesttessetseseessseee finish the report by next. month. 7 My teacher told me that | study more if | wanted to pass. 8 You.. . + (not) play music very loudly at night. 9. She will be rich when she reaches the age of thirty. She ... Baer s+ (not) work. 10 1. 1. stop playing tennis when I broke my leg as year. (ait i i Ey cee the sentences with mustn’t or elon’t/doesn’e have to. 1 You... JOM Rave £0......... come with me if you don't want to. 2 Children disobey their parents. 3 He rush, He's got plenty of time. 4 Peter write to his friend, John, as he is seeing him next weekend. 5 Children ... 6 YOU seeccsenes play your music loud at night when people are sleeping. 7 oi ssssnsse G0 to bed early tonight. B Drivers .sseeesee throw litter out of car windows. Can’t & Must We use can’t for negative deductions He can’t be at work. He’s il about the present. He can’t be working. | can hear music. ® We use must for positive deductions He must be at work. Its Monday moming. He must be working. The light in his office is on. L about the present, u Scudy the examples and then rewrite the sentences. | Tam sure he isn’t at home now. ‘ham sure he isn't working iow. 11am sure Susan isn’t at work now. She left the office an hour ago. SusaM .asessseeesseeeceee 3 Lam sure my mother isn’t cooking again. | saw her cooking at noon. My mother 4 Lam sure Mary doesn't study for three hours a day. She isn’t a good student. Mary 5. | am sure that your son isn’t doing his homework in his room. | saw him in the garden. Your son .. 6 Lam sure she doesn’t spend much money. She is poor. She . aya Seudy the examples and revrrite the sentences, \ Jam sure she is at home now. She cores MBE De. Bt home ROW, | [am sure she works very hard. / She | think she is. doing her homework now. “must work, very, han 1 Lam sure she is at the office now. | just spoke to her on the phone. She .. . Bate i 2. I think my mother is on her way home, She isn't answering the phone at work. My mother fe i 3 Lam sure Wendy is in Rome now. She got on the plane hours ago. Wendy «. 4 I chink my teacher exercises everyday. He's very fit. My teacher ... 5 Lam sure my sister is talking on the phone now The line is busy My Sister oseesssssessessseeeeeeeeseeesstttie peeereeiee Complete the sentences with must or can’t. a 1 The line is busy. That .... ae FUSE. scseesee be Jane. She's always talking on the phone. \ That... i: : be Mary over there. She went to Paris on Monday. e She looks very young. she Be . be over thirty. He has three expensive cars. He . be a rich man, That «. be Sue; if iis, she has changed a lot. 2 3 4 5 Can’t Have & Must Have a Se ® We use can’t have + past participle for She can’t have been avay last week. negative deductions about the past. She can’t have left yesterday. She can’t have been travelling lost night. 5 We use must have + past participle for He must have been angry last night positive deductions about the past. He must have argued with his wife. They must have been fighting about money.1 Lam suré she didnt know the answer. She ..£a7t have known the, we) 2 Lam sure we didn’t leave the car keys at home. 3 Lam sure she didn’t come home early fast night. She ... 4 Lam sure this man didn’t steal my wallet. | This man paerste easter asteaaetaittted 51am sure he wasn't lying to you about last night. He cearicE : 6 Lam sure they weren't happy in that house. They ... 7 Lam sure she hasn't been sleeping well lately i she eee i eee l 8 Lam sure you didn't see Helen at the cinema yesterday. | You .. a Rewrite the sentences using must have. 1 Tam sure she arrived late for the interview. She _.must have arrived late for the interview. | : Rewrite the sentences using can’t have. Se oe) ger 2 Lam sure she has told him everything, She esceee 3. Lam sure she was |) 4 Lamsure she had inva him before tod her co She .. oe en 5 Lam sure she got up late this morning. SHE evensnee Gerretc rerreeseeoeteceoresorttat & Lam certain my sister was talking on the phone all morning, My Si00F crest ; mente 7 Lam sure she was feeling tired; that’s why she went home Sha Gaetan ieee i 8 Lam sure james forgot to invite Alice to the party. James . : ae | 9 Tam sure he had studied a fot before the exam. 10 1am sure they were on holiday because the house looked empty. i PTney tH eee ae 11 fam sure our neighbour called the police. Our neighbour .... 12 Lam sure you left your bag on the bus.££ Use must have or can't have with the past participle of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences. I ‘Did they go to the cinema yesterday?" “They ......SI Rave gone’... (go) because there was no one at home when I called. 2 Kate is exhausted, She .. (work) hard in the garden today. 3 Susan's telephone was out of order yesterday. She ...ccscesessssssssssssssseeee (phone) you. 4 She hadn't seen him before, 50 she sss. (recognise) him. 5 I called her twice but she didn’t answer the phone. She .... 6 John translated the letter for me.” “He doesn’t speak French, so he .... sos (translate) it” 7 Emma has been at home all day. You ...... srsssssse (S88) her at the restaurant. 8 She asked me for money again. She - (spend) all the money | gave her. edt He reece (work) for more than ten hours yesterday. That's why he is so tired today. 10 Itonly takes two hours to fly from London to Rome. She «ses... +» (ly) for four hours. Ope May/Might & May Have/Might Have ® We use may/might (not) + bare infinitive for possibility about the present. We may be at home this aftemoon, We might not go to the park. We may be watching TV. © We use may/might (not) have + past He might have been at home yesterday. Participle for possibility about the past. He may not have gone to school. He may have been feeling il g~ the examples and rewrite the sentences. Perhaps she is at home now. She «.,.....maymight be at home now. Perhaps she works « lot. ShE oo sassonnnn AE Might Work a Lot It is possible that she is working now, She may/might be working now | leis possible that she is coming home, but I am not sure. Sheba 2. Perhaps she is much older than she says. She vooeoee reece 3. Perhaps he is studying in his room. He... 4° Ic is possible that he will pass his exams, He 5 Itis possible that the Browns are moving house, but ! am not sure. The Browns .......-a Rewrite che sentences using may/might have or may/ | Perhaps she hasn't arrived yet. might not have arrived 2 Perhaps my sister took my pen without asking. My sister ssscsesssoe 3. Perhaps my parents have gone out. My parents ss... 4 I think they were steeping when I came in, but | am not sure. They i 5 Perhaps John was listening to music. John 7 sciessasenennnsese 6 Perhaps there were a lot of people at the theatre. There .... Seer 7 Perhaps the robbers left fingerprints all over the house. The robbers ..... 8 Perhaps she wasn't listening and that’s why she didn’t answer, She ... 9. Perhaps our son didn’t know anything about it, (Our son . 10 Perhaps you haven't heard about the bank robbery. You vvesesnee You shouldn't spend so: much time ploying computer garnes. We ought to be on tine for the wedding We should be sunbathing tomorrow afternoon, 5 We use should (not)/ought (not) to + bare infinitive for advice or obligation. ® We use should (not) have/ought. You ought to have told the truth, (not) to have + past participle for He should have been at the meeting. criticism or regret. | shouldn't have stayed up to watch the film last night. ‘Complete the sentences by using should or ought to and the verbs in brackets in the correct form. = joasnse I'm ready to burst. |. Shouldm/ougiie not ro have eaten. (eae) so much. You .. (use) your car so often. More exercise will do you good. Henry . -- (wash) his car. He nearly always does it on Sunday afternoon, (follow) the instructions on the box. Now you've ruined everything sass (have) the party at the weekend. Then more people would have come. . (revise) for my exams right now but | just don’t feel lke itGE Complete the sentences using should have or shouldn't have. 1 Tom was supposed to be sleeping. Tom should have been sleeping: 2__Jim was supposed to bring all the documents. Ji ee 5 3. My brother didn’t buy any food for the party. My brother a 4 He didn’t arrive on time for the rehearsal. He tiitacisatad 5. She waited for me. She aeenaa 6 Molly went out yesterday. Molly 7 Ben lied to his parents. Bem vesssossssscsesecseccectectes 8 My brother didn’t mention the accident. My brother 9 Our neighbour was playing music loudly last night. (Our neighbour 10 She was watching TV until ate last night. She .. ees : My sister didn’t phone to say that she would be late. My sister . 12. My father wasn’t driving carefully. My father .. 13 Our teacher didn’t tell us about the test. 14 Emma was shouting at the children. i 15 He didn't finish his homework, i electNeedn’t Have & Didn’t Have To We use needn’t have + past participle ‘when somebody has done something that anyway. was not necessary. ; 5 We use didn’t have to + bare infinitive { didn’t have to go to school today because it when somebody hasn't done something was o holiday. because it wasn’t necessary. 5 Write sentences using needa’t have or didn’t have to, | [twas unnecessary for you to bring all this food. You're very kind. int. have, broueht all this food. You 2 Itwasn’t necessary for me to get up early this morning, that’s why | slept till late. | 3 | didn’e go shopping today. fe wasn’t necessary. 4 She watered the flowers this morning but it rained later. She ..... 5 My mother didn't cook today, It wasn’t necessary. My mother «ese 6 I studied for the test, but it was unnecessary. i 1Circle the correct word or phrase, We shali /Gan)stay in and watch a film if you like. Lite children mustn't / needn't lie to their parents. IF you feel il, you may / should see a doctor. | must not / may not be able to come to the meeting on time. 1am not sure, You musti’t / don't have to drive if you have been drinking alcohol Susan needn't / mustn't cook for us. We have already eaten a lot. ‘Must / Will| tidy my room now, Mum? She can’t / mustn't be listening to music. The CD player doesn't work. ‘Must / Moy | sit here, please? 10 Tom can’t / must be on his way to Rome. The plane took off an hour ago. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1 Lam sure he is working overtime again. He .. must be working overtime a | i 2. Im sure he doesnt get good marks. He never does any work | He i 3 Itisn’t necessary for you to come with me. I can manage on my own. Deed eeseteccoeist ina sestecaoesatita 4 Perhaps he will be travelling to Paris this time tomorrow. I He vvesssseeneeenen seven . sess : 5 am sure she is writing a letter to her cousin. She .. H I 6 Perhaps he doesn’t know how to swim. t 7 Itisn'e necessary to o drive to the concert. You can take the bus. 8 am sure he doesn't know how to drive a car. He's only fifteen. He ves YOu sssoseceee } | iven. Do not change the word. g Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word ! | Pam knows how to play the piano. 6 You are not allowed to go out tonight. CAN NoT Pam .. the piano. You Aeaaaiaa eevee Out tonight, 2 Ieisn't necessary for her to finish the report today. 7 It is possible that we will win the game. HAVE May She .. .. the report today, We... .. the game. 3 Lamm sure Molly is at the dentist's 8 Lam sure she Is e/ping the letter now. BE BE Molly sssosecsssesssseseeceensssnee the dentist! She ... i 4 Its forbidden to smoke here. 9 Lam sure he is trying his best. i 1 | k NOT MusT You sececssesseesee ROPE, He cs cesccsssoee His best S| am sure this isnt the place we are looking for. 10 Your doctor advises you to stop smoking, BE OUGHT now. This .... : we are looking for. You sececsssneecenssnnsesee SMOKINGComplete the second sentence so that it has @ similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word. | Sheila managed to finish her report in one day. Sheila ...........[Link] [0 fiTnish........... her report in one day. WAS 2. fe was not necessary for you to buy a present for me. You .. a present for me. HAVE 3. Perhaps your son took your car. Your son your ear. HAVE 4 I'm sure that you didn’t see Mary in the city centre. You .. .. Mary in the city centre, SEEN 5 lam sure my mother cooked this delicious meal. My mother... . . this delicious meal. COOKED 6 Thank you very much for the sweets, Ie wasn’t necessary. YOu ssssesseerees 7 ++ Sweets with you. BROUGHT 7 You didn’t ask your parents first. YOu ween first. HAVE 8 You didn’t pass because you didn't study enough. You : more in order to pass. SHOULD 9 Lam sure that isn’t Ben because he is in Atlanta. That. st seceeseceeeness Ben, He is in Atlanta, BE 10 You ought to see @ doctor about that cold. You td seseneesees 2 doctor about that cold, SHOULD 11 fe wasn't necessary for Jim to work late last night, so he came home. Jim .. sossss late fast night, so he came home. HAVE 12. It's forbidden to park your car on the pavement. YOU seas car on the pavement, NoT 13am sure that man didn’t participate in the robbery. That man sesesenees the robbery. HAVE [4 Perhaps he left his car keys at home, He escccsssseseee sesseeusses €ar keys at home. HAVE 15. Perhaps Jane is at the supermarket. Jane . at the supermarket. BE 16 Itis forbidden to smoke in here. You. an eevee im here, NoT 17 Lam sure he was eating when | called. He ceesesosee when I called BEEN 18 Perhaps Mary didn't see you. Mary you.ee Permission } a Request oo Cant | & Inability | & Impossibility © Asking for permission B Polite request possible here) ® Obligation © Certainty © Obligationinecessity 5 Possibility | Permission 5 Possibility Should/Ought To | 5 Advice ® Obligation Lack of necessity General ability (present or future) (past form of can) General ability (in place of can) Specific past ability (could is not He can drive a lorry. You can go out offer you have studied, Can you help with this suitcase, please? I can't understand this exercise. That can't be his mother. She's too young. He could play chess when he was six. Could I borrow your pen, please? Could you post this letter for me, please? She will be able to come to dinner next week. Jan was able to collect her from school You must wear a seat belt when driving. He must be out. There aren't any lights on. He has to visit his grandfather. We don't have to water the plants. It may rain tonight. You may go out now if you want. Gall him» now because he might be out loter. You should see a dentist. T ought to stay in tonight and do some revision. You needn't worry about the test. t's easy.vis I-15, read the text below and decide which answer A | For questions 3 cb ‘There is an-examiple at the beginning (0). A new breed of superstar [Aithough most people become famous because of their involvement in politics, sport or acting, there are some who become household names through professions that were once (0) ...... of as simply respectable. Take lawyers, for example, Getting a (I) suis with atop law (2)... may not only ensure nancial security due to dhe astronomical {G) lawyers can command but it may also bring the same superstar status (4)... that of a screen idol. Indeed, there can be very few Americans who would not (S)..... the name of the independent pubic prosecutor, Kenneth Starr, in connection with the case involving Presiden Clintons relationship with Monica Lewinsky. Like politicians, sports stars and actors, a person must be (6) ...... out to be a lawyer in order to be successful Firstly, 1 persuasive character is essential as getting every (7) ..... of the jury to (8) ..... in with your line of argument is of prime importance. Secondly, the (9) ...... to judge character Is vital since a witness's reaction (10) ......a question may be more significant than the answer given. Thirdly, calmness under pressure is extremely important. A good lawyer must never get (Il) ....«. with an uncooperative witness who (2) ...... to answering questions directly. This would bea (13) ..... for disaster. Finally, leadership qualities are fundamental. Top lawyers do not hava the time to (14) under their command so that they can (15) ...... on the team to work conscientiously. ee “bs anxious Eb objects |B. prescription b cays a trust S ‘For questions 16-30, read the ce: “Use only one word in each'space: Tt Some spare time activities Robert Burns, Scotland's greatest poet, (0) .....W8S..... born (16) .. ‘25th January, 1759. (17) an early age he had to help his father on his farm ae well as attend lessons given by a teacher who was employes fis father and a (18) [Link] Neighbours. ‘When he was twenty-two, he (19) .. to Irvine, where he began to learn about making doth, Shortly after 20) saesussesse attival, the factory in which he was training was destroyed by fire so he started a farm with his younger brother Gilbert. While he QI) cscs living on the farm, he concentrated (22) . writing poems and fel 23) {sox 8 foeal girl, Jean Armour. Robert wanted to marry her but her father (24) . not allow him to do s0, probably because he thought Burns was not wealthy enough. Her father’s refusal took Robert 25) .. surprise and since he could not (26). ‘used to the idea of being unable to marry her, hhe decided to leave the country. (27) ..-iesvirie» Very little money, Robert had to obtain the fare for the voyage by selling some poems. Just as he was about to leave he was given (28) ........n.» advice — to publish a new edi ‘of the poems he (29) ‘written, He received a large sum of money for the poetry and was able to get married to Jean Armour. During his marriage he continued to write the expressive poetry he became famous G0) Robert Burns died in 1796 from rheumatic fever. all the research necessary in a case by themselves. As a result, they have to set an example for the team of lawyers™ Have you been invited to John’s party? invitation Has John . given you an i sons his party? BZ : 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39. 40 We can be sure that Jane will help at the party. count We can .. help at the party. He doesn’t intend to stay for very long, going He... sass: Very Soon, The house was completely empty. furniture There .. the house. I'm sure they were asleep during the burglary. must They «-s | don't remember him behaving violently in the past. seve during the burglary. use He .. My dentist advised me to reduce the amount of chocolate | ate. advice a violent person. My... sess down on chocolate. ‘When we got to Dover, the ferry wasn't there. already The ferry ... the time we got to Dover. Whenever he visited us he brought flowers. would He esos .» bringing flowers. Ingrid and Astrid have had many arguments in the past. fallen {e's not the first time Ingrid .... Astrid. ‘You need to be courageous and determined in order to be a good soldier. calls Being a good soldier .. and determination.‘some A i Puppy saves lion cub Sometimes, just as human beings do, animals reject their young at the birth. This recently occurred at Dudley Zoo In England. The animal involved was an Asiatic lion cub which called Sam. Sam’s mother, Gir, would have to nothing to do with the cub so its future looked black. When staff at the zoo saw what had been happened, they decided to telephone to the director's wife, whose dog had given birth to four Japanese Akita puppies about six weeks earlier. While realising how important it was for her to act quickly, she took the one of the puppies, Koneka, to the z00. Fortunately, the two animals took on to each other immediately. Sam and Koneka are now used to be sharing food and a bed. The cub has made a very good progress. ft will stay with Koneka for another four months. Then EEE Sam will be moved to a bigger 200 as part of a programme to preserve his species. Asiatic lions were used to be quite common but now there are existing only four hundred worldwide. Bringing families closer In the past few years, extreme sports have (0) .........@72athy. in popularity. The people who have taken up (56) .... DANGER activities like bungee jumping say they get no (57) ......c+sessssseeeeeeese from SATISFY. traditional sports of (58) «........0. and their boring daily routine ATHLETE does not (59)... seseceescsses them to live fife to the full. : ABLE Nowadays, (60) .. sssssosssss in America, there are competitions in SPECIAL which those people (61) ....... ‘enough to face the challenge of © COURAGE these (62) ss can win large cash prizes. This REVOLUTION. has resulted in the (63) aseseee ree . of a whole new industry which & CREATE (64)... in making equipment and clothing for extreme § SPECIAL games, Often the (65) -.-..s.0. . that certain games have become DISCOVER commercial causes other people to come up with even more extreme a ane sports and the cycle is repeated,| For questions 1-15; reag the tent below and decide hich answer A, B.C or Dest fits each me | There is an’ example. at the beginning ©) z Take care, it’s a jungle out there ‘The (0)... of young children playing happily in the garden isa joy to behold and since an Englishman's home is his castle, its widely regarded that they can come to no (|)... there, However, if asked about possible dangers, parents vill admit chat children could be stung by a (2)... of bees oF (3)... themselves on the rosebushes, but these are not (4) ss.» occurrences. In most people's (5)... , being (6)... home means staying safe. Unfortunately, the (7) ....-. points to quite a different story. About four thousand British toddlers, some of (8) have to spend time in hospital because their (9) ...... is considered serious, are poisoned by plants each year. In order to combat this danger, there should be a (10) ...... awareness of which plants are seriously polsonous. Very often the flowers that are the most attractive are the most lethal, but i's no (II) ...-. trying to get this (12) .. child because tasting flowers is quite natural. Afterall, che child is simply exploring. . to a small It is clear that safety in the garden depends on parents paying close (13) ...... to what their children are doing. When they are quiet, it often means they are (14) ...,.. up to something and require supervision. Although medical science inthis day and (15) ...... i likely to prevent a fatality, leaving children unattended in the garden is too big a risk to take, @ seh a lijury a sprain a common egeecegs | For questions 16-30, read the t ehaow and ‘think/of the word which best tts each spa [Use only one Word in each space. There is an example ac A man with a vision Stamford Raffles was born aboard a ship off the coast of Jamaica (0) ....f!%...... 1781. Instead (16) attending university, he worked for the East India Company (17) «1... 2 clerk and studied hard in his spare (18) .... ‘At the age of thirty, he became lieutenant governor of Java, (19) soos he employed zoologists and botanists (20) ......-.e discover all they could about the animals and plants on the islands. Rafiles himself acquired a large collection of animals, including a Malayan sun bear that was brought (21) ... with his children. The bear often joined Raffles for dinner, (22) .......... fruit and drinking champagne. ‘On a trip to Europe in 1817, Raffles visited a scientific institution for the seudy of plants and animals. fe was this visit 23) . gave him the idea for the forming of a collection of living animals. 24)... founding the colony of Singapore in 1819, Raffies (25) . together with several influential scientists and aristocrats 26) ++ listened carefully to the ideas he so strongly believed (27) + Raffles (28) oeescsenne i convincing these people that his ideas were sound and they voted him president of the Zoological Society of London Ratfles died suddenly from a stroke in 1826, Sadly, the man (28) idea it was to start London Zoo did not see its opening two years (30)... + in 1828.i 32 3 “| 4 35, 36 37 38 39 40 allowed You. Sich el awen te eel .@ calculator in the test {'m sell waiting for her decision. decided She ... to do yet. You are not allowed to take these documents out of the library. remain These documents .. . the library. There weren't many apples on the tree, few There .. . on the tree. I've only got a little luggage so | don’t need a trolley. much : sess luggage, s0 I don't need a trolley. They are going to demolish the old shoe factory next month. pulled The old shoe factory Is «-sseessess Jam sure he has told her my secret. ext month. must He esse : or my secret. There were only a few people at the party. many There . . . at the party. Some of the paintings are still for sale. been Some of the paintings .. He bought me a computer because | wanted to work at home. so He bought me a computer «....... The goods cannot leave the factory unless there is a signature on these papers, signed These fee .. the goods can leave the factory. PapersFoe questions 41AS5, ae the katt below ant logi-carfuly o¢ ext lie Serna Ut chalves a | and some have a word which should not be there. If line is correct, put a tick (04) in: the margin o the fight: I @ line has a word ane oe not be there, nas ie the wol 0 00 4t a B 44 | 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Teenagers’ spending habits It is a well-known fact that teenagers today have greater spending power than they got used to have. It is also known that they have more things to spend their money on so they get out through it faster. Parents normally give to their children pocket money at the weekend so most of them go for shopping on Saturday. Among the things that they do usually buy are CDs, computer games and clothes. If pea they have any of money left, they go to the cinema or a cafeteria. By the time they go back to school or college on Monday, very few of them have anything left. This obviously means that the teenagers who they save Sore money are in the minority. It seems the more the money they get, the faster they spend it. Nowadays another one common trend is teenagers with credit cards, It is not being unusual to see them to spend large sums of money on clothes which they are then pald for by thelr parents. A holiday on Mauritius pitals at the end of wae beginning (0). With holiday resorts getting more and more (0) rowded |, the CROWD. idea of spending a holiday in an (56) .. .. luxury hotel next ISOLATE to (57) sandy beaches is becoming more and more END attractive. Mauritius, an almost (58) island about 600 miles CIRCLE from the East African coast, can provide a very (59) «... : PLEASE location for just such a holiday. The island, probably most (60) ... FAME for its rare stamps, has litle touristn, so (61)... todayean visit enjoy its unspoilt scenery. There are few sights on the island but cae (62)... .. fs never a problem since local sourlst organisations a BORE offer (63) . fishing and sailing trips to EXCITE A) vor areas of breathtaking natural beauty. Mauritius is HIDE guaranteed to leave the holidaymaker (65) «.....ccsssseseeeeeesee Pelaxed. a COMPLETEADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Adjectives & Adverbs, Comparatives & Superlatives, Adverbs of Frequency, Prepositions of Time & Place [Adjectives & Adverbs : as 5 Adjectives describe nouns. Adjectives in clever boy clever boys i | English have the’ same form for singular rich man ich men i | and plural, | ® We ad ly to an adjective to form the adverb, He is a slow reader, He reads slowly. 8 Some adverbs such as deep; early, fast, hard, He isa fast learner. He learns fast. high, late, much, near, short, wrong, etc have the same form as adjectives. | rs Some of these adverbs also have an -ly form, Have you seen your grandmother lately? but the meaning Is different. Tm coming; 'm nearly ready. I was deeply moved by the film. Mike hardly ever goes out. ‘Complete the table with the Complete the table with the comparative and superlative correct adverbs. form of the adjectives. scientific comfortable extremeComparatives & Superlatives f We add -erAest to adjectives and adverbs toll toler tallest with one or two syllables. clever dleverer everest S| The last consonant is doubled for one syllable hot hotter hottest adjectives/adverbs with consonant - vowel - consonant. 5 For one or two syllable adjectives/adverbs hoppy hoppier hoppiest that end in -, the y changes to i and then we add -er/est, We use more/most or less/least with expensive more expensive most expensive adjectives/adverbs of more than two syllables. demanding ess demanding feast demanding Some adjectives/adverbs are irregular and the alotof more most comparative and superlative forms must be bad/badly — worse worst learnt. for farthedfurther —farthestfurthest good/vell better best it worse worst fle smallerfess smallestleast mony/much — more most old older/elder oldesveldest We use than with the comparative when ‘My brother is taller than me. ‘two people, groups, places or things are Your car was more expensive than mine. compared. 5 Choose the correct word, 1 You should be more carefully (Carefiwith your work, - : His foot sank deeply / deep into the mud. ABR | haven't been to the cinema late / lately. Our teacher was in a vary bad / badly mood today. wan Sally types very fastly / fast. —Complete the sentences with the words in the box. heavy. ‘carefully good prettily heavily careful “fluently “rarely difgetic hardly hard fluent angrily Sarah couldn't do the exercise because it was Very «oss... fffigult, 1 2 The little girls are always ...-.-csccsssssseeen cecoceees dressed. Bo SRE esses ever goes out at night. 4 John is such a 7 .- student, 5 Dad works so .. that we . see him. 6 Mum drives «..... She 15 & seesesserssseeees .. driver. 7 speak English eee Lam soe @ Johnisa... smoker, He smokes [Link] 9 Our boss was very « sssses today. He shouted at us . eeeereee 10 My father is a . lawyer. = Fill in the gaps with the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets. 1 Last night, I went to a rock concert. It was one of the ........P0St....... (good) concerts | have ever been to. 2 Living in the country is ....ssssessseseesss+ (healthy) than living in a city. 3 Economy Class is (comfortable) than Business Class. 4 Learning Chines (difficult) than learning English. 5 Mrs Hamitton is . (strict) teacher in our school. 6 7 8 John is rch ....ese. . (naughty) than Peter. This is .. : ++» (delicious) food that I've ever eaten. Tom is .....ssseeseeesssses (Careful) than John, John always makes mistakes. 9 Another person got the job because he was MUCh ssassseecee ++ (experienced) than me, 10 That was ... Ho te’s 12. Today is (warm) than yesterday, but tomorrow will be ........ss+-+eeeeeees (cold) than today. iH (bad) film I've ever watched. sss (silly) thing I've ever heard, How could you say something like that? Use the prompts to write sentences as in the examples. Tom /be / tall / Mary Jim /be / tall / boy / the class Tom is taller than Mary. a ‘Jina is the tallest boy in th 1 run Fast / you 6 Tony / be / nauighty / boy /.our class 2 Gold / be / expensive / silver 7 This / be / good / restaurant / the city. 3 James / drive / carefully / his brother 8 Jerry / be clever / Tom 4 The North Pole / cold / place / the world 9 Tim / like f me / much / John She / be / bad | singer / the school 10 The Olympics / be / important sports event(not) as + adjective + as hot) as + adverb + as the + comparative, the + comparative ‘My brother 4 Study the example and rewrite the sentences. Ido. Jill can walk faster than Mary. Mary can’t .. My mother works harder than my father My father doesn’t ....... Flying to New York tales more time than fying to Madri Flying to Madrid doesn’ anaes You have visited more reps in England than | have. Uhaven't Shopping centres are more convenient than small shops. Small shops aren't ...... James can drive faster than Timothy can Timothy ..--ssee This fim is more interesting than the last one we saw. The fast film we saw so. We expected the match to be better ‘The match wasn't .. The Indian elephant is not as big as the African elephant. He doesn't work as hard as | do. Jane plays tennis as well as.1 do. The more you practise, the better you will get. The longer she waited, the angrier she became. Be the sentences practising the + comparative, the + comparative. ‘As she grew older, she became less patient. The older she grew, tite less patient she, became, You are more likely to have an accident when you drive fast. if you work quicky, youll be able to leave sooner. ‘As he went further into the forest he became more frightened. Eb Choose the correct word or phrase. This is the most easy AGasiesptest I've ever done. In fact, the test wasn't as harder / hard as | expected, Al Pacino is one of the more talented / most talented actors of his generation. Antonio can't speak English as good / well as Philip. Our flight to Madrid took the longest / longer than we expected. ‘How are you today?” ‘Well, | feel more bad / worse than yesterday” The Empire State Building was once the taller / tallest building in the world. He didn’ answer the questions as quickly / quick as | did.5 Complete the sentences by waiting one word in each space, 1 My sister doesn’t cook a8 well as | do. In other words, lam much better .... | 2 You can’t walk eel fast Lean. | 3° Johnis ... as» Youngest boy in the class. Hi} 4_ Jane thinks she is [Link] MC | 5. The bigger your house is, . the more furniture you need. | 6 The test was less difficult ......seessessnes Lexpected | 7 He a8 cessssssssessssessses best pianist of his generation, 8 The film ‘The Beach! Wasn't ....cceseeeesenees SuCeessful ie. a Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of the words in brackets, Driving in a village isn't... .-. (dangerous) driving in a city | Hels. . - (bad) student in the class. 2 Our trip to Paris t00K ....cccseesen (long) we expected. 3 This SUES oo essseeeeeeeenen (expensive) one of af. 4 My old bed was ... .- (comfortable) my new one. 5 Jonathan is ..sssecsssseeeee (intelligent) student that I've ever had. 6 Hes cesses 7 . (dangerous) criminal in the world. 7 8 Tom isnt ssssessseesssssseeeceeessssesss (Welkprepared) for the exam Study the example and rewrite the sentences. 2 iH Ie never éaten such a delicious meal before. “es the , Most delicious meal I've ever eaten. | Martha has never been to a more beautiful place before. His the-ticteiettiattisttiar tists 2 Ie never read a more interesting book before, les the ... peetieeed inant titer We've never seen such a good film before. I's the... 4 I've never tasted such delicious soup before. It’s the .... 5. Ie never had such a terrible experience before. les the _tComplete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Philip nnn TALL 2 Sirius is the brightest star of all. Sirius ee vm any other star, SHINES 3. This carpet cost a lot more than the other one. This carpet .. rewmnmenninnn the other one, EXPENSIVE 4 Men usually die at a younger age than women. Women usually : men LIVE 5 Hank plays better than anyone I know. I don’t know anyone. wwone Hank, AS 6 Itdoesn’t rain as much in Greece as it does in England. Ie rains wit does in Greece. OFTEN 7 Amsterdam is not nearly as far away as Tokyo. TOKYO IS snus . Amsterdam, MUCH 8 She weighs a bit less than she did as a teenager. When she was 2 teenager, she was she isnow. SLIGHTLY Adverbs of Frequency They never help me in the kitchen. Tom is sometimes bad-tempered in the morning. ~ Adverbs of frequeticy (never, seldom, rarely, hardly ever, occasionally, sometimes, (very) often usually, frequently, always) come before the main verb except when the main verb is to be, They come after the first auxiliary verb. have often wondered what life was lke in the distant past. Swans have never been seen here before in such large numbers. Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of frequency in the correct position. 1 She has done her best. (always) She has always doy 2 They are on time for work. (hardly ever) 3- Brian has seen a polar bear. (never) 4 Does she shout at you like that? (usually) 5 I could have done it without your help. (never)Prepositions of Time Prepositions of time show when something has happened, is happening or will happen. exact time 1 times of the day ® celebrations the weekend The programme starts at three o'clock, We eat lunch’ at noon. We give presents at Christmas. We relax at the weekend, W days of the week 5 dates 8 celebrations with the word ‘day’, 1 go to the cinema on Fridays. 1s his bithday on 21st August. We eat turkey on Christmas day. | months The exam is in July. years They met in 1992. & centuries TV was invented in the twentieth century. ® seasons She goes swimming in surnmer. ® certain time ps | go swimming in the moming and to the gym in the afternoon, Use the prompts to write sentences as in the example, E. Complete the sentences with in, a€ or on. | The exam will finish Al...... two o'clock. Sty (as / the car / Sundays Sundays. 2 My birthday is ......,........ March. Tony washes the ear on Sundays. “ ifer’s birthday .... Jul Steere nae 28th July. 1 David / not go / to the gym / Mondays 4 What do you do ......4.:+142 New Year’s day? 5 Do you go skiing .....-..e.2. Winter? ae ete : 2 Peter / play / tennis / the weekend 6 Hse yOu .sssesseees the morning. 7 Vim having a party «..s.+eeesseees Sunday. * of 8 The party finished ..... . midnight. 3 he / go / the beach / the holidays 9 I'm going swimming .. the weekend. sereeeneeeennnnnse 10 | passed my driving test 2001 4 she I visit / her friends / Christmas 17 go / to bed / tate / nightPrepositions of Place We use prepositions of place to show where someone or something i He is at his sister’s house. Don't hide behind that sofa. ‘The office is between the bonk and the post office. There's « fy in my soup. in front of The teacher is in front of the students. near Our house is near the supermarket. next to Stand next to me and hold my hand. on The plates are on the table. opposite He sat opposite her at dinner so thot he could see her face. under Your slippers are under the bed. [ab eee Note: For countries and cities we use the preposition in, Live in France. Do you live in London? For smaller locations, we use the preposition at. They are at the cinemo. J ve at 24 Upper Road. He is at work now. Here are some useful expressions with prepositions of place: on the train/bus/plane in bed at school on the right/lefe in hospital at work fon the wall ina car athome in the middie at the top. ai the bottom 2 ‘Complete the sentences with prepositions of place. The sun went .. Iwas squashed . You have so many flowers My parents live .. She's stil. Chess players sit Sie She sat : There's too much cheese the I don’t like it when a tall person sits. . a cloud and suddenly it felt cold. te at the cinema because | can’t see anything. ‘wo large ladies in the lift, : - your garden! . us but I'd prefor it if they moved even closer. office at the moment. She usually leaves at 5 pm. each other. me. | want to talk to you about something important. . the umbrella to protect her skin from the sun. . this pizza. Dp Complete the following sentences by writing a preposition in each space. There is a painting «......0! My grandmother's ..... She lived ... She stood He's .. . the office. You can call him there, eu nen There are many beautiful shells Turn left and you'll see our house the middle of the room wondering if anyone would talk to her. the wall hospital at the moment. . Paris for four years when she was much younger. the bottom of the sea the rightUse the word go iin its correct form together with the particles below to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences: The first one has been done for you. alongith off (2) on with after through (2) in for down with out up down Phrasal verbs: go Vil always ...£2. - (agree to support) an employee who comes up with a good idea, The alarm ....... .. (started ringing) when somebody moved too close to the priceless painting. Two students sss (Continued) talking after they'd been asked to be quiet. | Mrs Jackson «0... .. (suffered) a great deal of pain before her hip operation. | Almost half the staff has ......0. «. (become ill with) 'flu this week, | | 1 2 3 4 5 6 Since prices have .vsssssseessetsvee (increased) fewer people have been able to afford a new car. 7 8 9 0 ' The lights ssscssees (Stopped shining) while | was reading. Don't sign the papers until you've .... (examined) them carefully. only essen (entered) the competition because my cousin suggested It, Those shoes .. sss: (match) your dress perfectly. (turned bad). You forgot to switch the fridge on after It’s no wonder the fish has .. defrosting it. 12> One of the security guards ......ecssssssesssseee (Chased) a pickpocket who'd stolen a wallet from an elderly man. 13 won't buy a new computer until prices + (fall). Phrasal verbs: mixed Use the phrasal verbs below in the correct form to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences, The first one has been done for you. | faced to feel like. feel up to fi grow on find out grow up hand in hand out hand over | €.up tO... (confront) his problems by himself. We were asked €0 «.....:-sssssssseeee (Complete) an application form before we could attend an interview. . (have the strength to manage) a long walk. How did YOU ....-ssssseeeneseee (discover) who sent the note? the . (am in the mood for) a good workout in the gym. How about you? {couldn't .. +. (submit) my homework on time because I'd hurt my wrist in a basketball match. | ‘The thief was made to . ssssssens (give back) most of the things he'd stolen. You may not like the village at first but m sure it will sesscssessees (become more likeable to) you in time. Now that he’s living on his own, he'll have to She's still weak after her illness and doesn’t ... I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Shella was born in Kent but .. to .-+ (Spent her childhood and adolescence) in Wales. (distributing) free samples of a new type of biscuit outside the supermarket. Someone was «....Words easily confused Use the words on the left to complete the sentences on the right. Make sure the words are in the correct form, Use each word at least once. f a [think Ill :.......4448,...., the children on a picnic tomorrow. k b | We ordered fish and you've jesse us lamb. | Could someone help me «...eese . my luggage? I @ There's a firstald kit in the car. Please ... it for me. Ee e Paul's not here. He's Serratia ert a doctor. the engine from overheating, 2 a This device . b How cant sassesns Speaking to her when we work in the same office. > prevent. ¢ The headmaster accepted the pupil's explanation and she ....... block punishment. d They've been sesso from the dub for fighting. e Taking photographs in this area is strictly ee f The dofender «.....-. .. the shot and saved his team from defeat. | 3 bc What «2. to your car? 1b You've already ......1-.-:-seiseees enough trouble so stop it! <¢ Don't speak about her like that. She +. to be a friend of mine, The heavy rain .. .- in floods. It was your attitude towards Jack that ......seeessssssse+s 80 his decision to resi te suddenly . . to me that | had forgotten my passport. e f Several shopkeepers have their prices. His land .. . well beyond the river. Fertilizers are used to sessseessses €FOP yields. “They're thinking Of ....csseeesescsss thelr business, Hf the temperature .... sss any higher, turn on the air conditioning Gases woos when heated. She .. . at the party in 2 satin dress. After an hour's walk, we The plane is due to .... .. the bridge. Jn twenty minutes. This train .....-s-sss sess to Glasgow at three o'clock 6 angle 2 Leave the bag in the .[Link] Next t0 the lamp. corner b Let's look at the problem from a different .....ssssessssseee + edge © Why does your point of ..-.1. .. always differ from margin Don't write in the .... because that’s where the teacher makes her view. comments. e They stood at the water's .. soovs and gazed at the sunset.a. Don't worry. They're .... ‘on their way here, bless ‘that Johnson will win the race. tm. +21 RO going to lend him any more CDs! He can buy his own. re longer’ you wait, the more. ..ssecee00 . she is to charge her mind. That's visser the worst song I've ever heard, 1 yOu Can't be serious! . cheap at that store. brilliant film, successful businessman, he Is very wealthy, relieved to hear that the children had been found Prices are fe was a(n)... Being a(n) ... We were safe and sound, lewas Henri Becquerel who “The police managed to ‘Can you .. One type of telescope Was ..esssseee His grandfather ...:.. radioactivity s+: Most of the stolen property. sess when the bus leaves, please? . by Sir William Herschel. . the company sixty years ago. eons She wears sunglasses because her eyes are-v....-sessene He's so « t0 light, ‘that he gets upset when you criticise him. Being so .. Julie is in great demand as a babysitter. I'm trying to be . but they refuse to cooperate. There's no explanation for this event. The jury must recur a ‘not guilty’ verdict if there is any .. doubt. .. the search for ‘The weather was so bad that the navy had to the missing sailors. The soldier ...... - his post during the battle. ‘As the fog descended, the block of flats opposite slowly .. view. My glasses can’t have seem to have into thin airt ++ my pen. Have you seen it? This watch iS ..sesessces had the printer make a(n) . been torn, You said you left at about midnight. Can you be more . to within five seconds a decade. . copy of an old poster which had ., please? » Be i ; i | {Word formation ‘Complete the following table, Use prefixes where possible, “FR infection symbolic seeessmssseeseee | respond {un)identifiable atmosphere. | - eae . | pecnesens (unconfirmed - (in)sincere eseneee notice ee (unsuitability embarrassedi-ing imagine hesitation cece Seem | oe | sesseseeseeees | payable z Use the word in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in the space in the sentence. Our... -+ of natural resources has risen to a dangerously high level CONSUME 2 That was a very «. decision. Well done. SENSE 3 . warming is causing ecologists great concern. GLOBE 4 Giving the job to such an - person was a recipe for disaster. RESPONSIBLE 5 How are we going t0 sees . the flower show? PUBLIC 6 How .. 7 Sally ist wit 7 She plays tennis... PROFESSION 8 You cannot order items worth more than £500 without the manage’... APPROVE 9 Don't. .- your sister to do anything naughty. COURAGE 10 Take your .- and get out now! BELONG Preposition practice Use the prepositions below only where necessary to complete the sentences which follow. from@) in’ of to. with_ «out. in. «—outof_ «as, at against I scosses him a letter saying that she was no longer ......!.... 2 He regarded this her way .. .. telling him that she was fond ...... 3 He quickly replied . her letter and invited her + his house. 4 Realising he had misunderstood her letter, she made him aware .........cer.. the fact that she was going .- with someone else. + love «6H... her fiancé. . him. She wrote... 5 He never got over +. the shock of this and now Suffers ..........s.1 a lack of self-confidence. 6 Hels still. sev hospital But ....,.ceese10» least his condition has improved and he is danger. 7 _ Its the first time she's been seen essere public since her divorce. 8 They are... sale half price in my local supermarket. 9 You can never depend Oliver. 10 | warned them .» surfing in this area but they took no notice 11 How dare you shout your mother! 12 There were cars ‘every type at the exhibition,Z Passive Voice, Personal & Impersonal Construction, Make/Let/Be Allowed To Gea The Passive Voice ‘The Passive is formed using the verb to be + the past participle of the main verb. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. [Link] the passive to put. efnphasis on the action itself... rather than the person who did 5 Ina passive senterice; we use the| ‘word by to introduce the person who did the action (the agent). It is necessary to mention the agent when the person who did it is obvious or the person who did it is not known or important in the sentence. ‘Our proposal for another school excursion was rejected by the school headmaster. Two football fans were arrested yesterday. * ‘My wallet was stolen yesterday. CERES Present Simple He supports me. [am supported. Present Continuous He is supporting me. Lam being supported, Past Simple He supported me. Iwas supported. Past Continuous He was supporting me. Iwas being supported. Present Perfect Simple He has supported me. Uhave been supported. Past Perfect Simple He had supported me. Thad been supported. Future Simple He will support me. | will be supported. Going to He is going to support me. am going to be supported. Future Perfect Simple He will have supported me. Iwill have been supported. Note: We don’t use the passive with the Present Perféct Continuous, the Past Perfect Continuous, the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect Continuous.Put the sentences into the passive. ‘ Present Simple | They build a house. [1 Ahouse é[Link], i Present Continuous | They are building a house. | 2 Ahouse Past Simple | They built a house. 1 3B Ahouse..... : Past Continuous | They were building ahouse. | 4 Ahouse. | Present Perfect Simple | They have built a house, FS ANOUSE essccsccee | Past Perfect Simple | They had built a house. | 6 Ahouse | Future Simple | They will build a house. 17 Ahouse | Going to | They are going to build a house, | 8 Ahoue. | Future Perfect Simple | They will have built ahouse. | 9 Ahouse .. | |eeevinnrnnneiiaesinnnn 4 | Choose the correct word or phrase. | My car is been (Geing)serviced at the moment. 2 Two young men were killing / killed yesterday in a car accident. 3. My father is going to be promoted / promote next week. 4 He has never be / been suspected of theft before. 5 Our teacher will be tought / have been teaching for twenty-five years when she retires. 6 Two football fans were arrested / arresting yesterday. 7 Awindow was broke / broken at school yesterday and | was accusing / accused of doing it. 8 — Our mail is delivering / delivered to our doorstep every day. 9 Smoking doesn’t / isn't allowed in hospitals. 10 The boy was took / taken to the hospital immediately after the accident. 11 My house is decorating / being decorated at the moment. 12 Our new car was stolen / stealing yesterday. 13. She gave / was given permission to take a day off by her boss. 14 Samantha brought / was brought her friend to our house yesterday, 15 The police haven't arrested / haven't been arrested the criminal yet. ;| a Find the mistakes and correct the sentences. é He hasn’t be told the truth yet. He hasn't rt ‘Samantha wasn't inviting to the party. The snacks were all ate yesterday. ‘This book was wrote by a famous author. The invitations will delivered to you on time. He had be lent some money by his father. ‘These cameras are make by a Dutch firm, 12 Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, active or passive voice. A posteard ......¥8S Set... (send) to me yesterday. a (not invite) me to his party last Saturday. A gift cosssesecssssseesssees (deliver) to him by post. ‘He (paint) his bedroom at the moment. He can't speak to you.’ This dress can’t (Wash) by hand, It should «.....ssseeessssseeees (take) to the dry cleaner’s. They eoseeesine (bring) their children up in France, but now they live in Italy. Your watch can't (repair). You should ..sssssseessseesens (buy) a new one, Your letter sossssees (ROE post) yet. Our cat . (run over) by a lorry yesterday. The book has to ... : .- (return) next week. He .. : (not introduce) to her mother yet. These documents shouldn' +. (read) by anyone else. The thief sessoseenste (ArT@St) Very SOON, He . (already pay) a lot of money by the Browns to répair the roof. By the time you come back, dinner (cook) The parcet (not deliver) until next Tuesday. Germany is an industrial country. A lot of cars seceseesssnsees (manufacture) there. She .. ad (not return) my keys to me yet. Passengers ....-.. - (require) to fasten their seatbelts. Their house .. (earch) by the police yesterday. People (not permit) to park here. My car (Gervice) by the mechanic at the moment. Last night's plane crash .. {come about) due to poor visibility. The fire (extinguish) by the residents before the fire brigade arrived. When he fell off the slide, he ....ssccsssesseeessess (Catch) by his mother.Study the example and rewrite the sentences. Belinda pairted the room white last week. The room: was painted white last week by Belinda. 1 My father has just bought a new car. 2 They are building a new sports centre in the city. 3. They are going to publish John’s poems. 4 Somebody has taken the money from the safe. 5 The postman hasn't delivered the parcel yet. 6 The postman isn't going to deliver the mail tomorrow. 7 She gave him a birthday present. 8 The police are investigating the murder of an old man, 9 Someone 'has taken my calculator without my permission. 10 He had eaten all the cake by the time we arrived. I1 They have already reported the theft to the police. 12 They postponed the meeting until next Friday. 13. They will express their views in the next meeting. 14 He took over the company when his father died. 15 {will never forgive you for your dishonest behaviour. { 16 The company employed 3,000 new workers last year.If i Study the example and rewrite the sentences, The milkman eee milk to my door every day. 1 Someone left this schoolbag in the classroom yesterday. This schoolbag ........ 2 They are constructing a new motorway in our city at the moment. ‘A new motorway 3 No one has ever accused me of lying before. 4 Jason had already eaten all the food when | arrived. AI the £000 ssesssssseeccsessenossseeennsevenesssteceeensens : 5. She will never invite Tom to her party again. AM diseased ee 6 An ambulance took the injured man to hospital. The injured man .. 7 We wil provide the homeless witha place to Ive. The homeless .. : 8 Thay had never signe a contract ebetore A contract pear settee ste a 9 The mayor is going to announce the results of the contest. The results of pede 10 They are building a new hospital ‘Anew hospital this area to Complete the following sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct tense in the passive. By the time the truth came out, the scandal .........ad been forgotten forget), 1 2 The examination papers ... (mark) at the moment, 3. The original film . scssssnans (make) in black and white, 4 Four people (injure) in the crash, 5 The Votes ..ssssseeessnseseeesmnnsseetsnsesseesee (COUNt) when I left the meeting so I can’t tell you the result. 6 The animals’ cages . (clean) every morning. 7 The winner sssssmssseeesane (announce) when the votes have been counted, 8 Morphy . (not give) many chances to play in the first team recently.Seudy the example and [Link] sentences, They told you to be here ot ten You... Were told to be here. at ten. BE ( \ 1 They are investigating the case at the moment, The case .. ssveee at the moment. Is 2 They have just redecorated their room. Their room ...... .. redecorated. BEEN They are pulling down that old cinema ? ‘That old cinema .. down, Is j 4 They brought their children up in Italy | Their children... in Italy WERE { 5 Our teacher has never shouted at anybody. | Nobody . .. by our teacher. HAS ' 6 The examiner will read the instructions before the test | ‘The instructions 7 examiner before the test BE : 7 They grow rice in China. ; Rice sesso seccseereneeeee Chin, GROWN | 8 He gave her a ring for her birthday. i She na sons for her birthday. was I 9 Two men robbed our house yesterday. t Our . : esses two men yesterday. BY i 10. The rain spoilt our picnic yesterday i (Our pleniec vs... secsssststurverseee the rain yesterday. BY Study the example and rewrite the sentences in the passive. At the same time replace part of the sentence with a phrasal verb, The police are investigating the murder of John Black at present. The murder of John Black ...i8, being looked into... at present. 1 Penny took care of our child last night, Our child sesso sessesesenes by Penny last night. AFTER 2 His charming manner deceived me. | ' 3 They extinguished the fire with great effort, his charming manner. TAKEN The fire... .. with great effort ouT 4 They won't tolerate this noise any longer. This noise won't .. any longer. PUT ‘They have cancelled our trip to Paris twice. (Our trip to Paris : eeoseaceeseseee BWHCB, CALLEDkeep s be kept ‘should: S : ‘ought to be keeping = G Study the example and rewrite the sentences, You ‘shouldn't invite Peter to your party. Peter. SHouldia' be [Link] your party... may s might have kept © ——____»-_“hiave been kept must have to have been keeping : He must post this letter. —————_ Tris letter must be posted. They have to clean their house. —————__ reir house has to be cleaned, You should have told me about it, = > __I should have been told about it Pupils mustn't chew gum in the classroom, Gum... He must deliver this parcel right away. ATS errata He can't have broken the vase. The ..... ‘We must wear formal clothes to the reception. Formal clothes ..... She has to make all che preparations for the party Al the preparations .. We don't have to clean the bedroom now. The bedroom .... We should take the child to his parents’ house. The child ..... People can bring their pets to the hotel. Pets . They ought to build a new school in our town, Anew school .. He might have taken the book by mistake, The bookPerhaps the letter wasn't sent. [ne letier may not have been sent. am sure she was dismissed | She must have been dismissed. lam sure the documents haven't been copied. | The documents can’t have been copied, He didn’t complete the report. [= report should have been completed. a Study the table and rewrite the sentences, Jam sure she didn’ give Fronk his money back, Frank .caivt have been given his money back. 1 Lam sure he was arrested. He 2 She didn’t hand in her homework on time. Her homework vescsesesseeeneees 3. Perhaps he took it by mistake, Heshitasestataa 4 lam sure our neighbour was disturbed by the loud music, ‘Our neighbour 5 Jam certain Carol didn’t reveal your secret. ‘Your secret otdaeetieeaerte 6 Lam sure your guests admired your new kitchen, Your new kitchen .. eee et eects 7 Joan didn’t complete her application on time, Joan's application .. 8 Perhaps the money wasn’t stolen after all. The money} i i | Personal & Impersonal Construction / Hope, consider, say, think, believe, report, expect, claim, know, etc can be used in the following L passive structures: peioanS ee | Personal Structure He is said to be an excellent pianist. [subject + passive verb + full infinitive _| She is thought to be living in America. ["TInpersonal Structure T“teis said that he is an excellent pianist. 4 It passive verb + that + clause i It has been reported that she is living in America. a Study che examples and rewrite che sentences They believe that smoking causes cancer. a It is believed that smoking causes cancer... ....scee b Smoking is believed to cause cancer, | They say that Emma plays the violin very well. at. b Emma ...... 2 They expect that Jude Law will win the Oscar for Best Actor. alt. b Jude Law .... a 3. People know that he trains very hard al b He... a Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1 They say she was responsible for the politi She Rs or 2 People think that pirates hid a lot of treasure in the Caribbean. ns resignation, Pirates sssescssssserennesseeennnanseenasasestennsasseeceentonecbecnaene 3. Experts think that the Japanese are interested in buying the company. The Japanese 5 People say that the miners are ready to accept the new pay offer. The miners .. : 6 Historians know that they stole art creasuves duving the war. They I | Make / Let / Be allowed to make somebody do something be made to do something My parents made me stay in yesterday, Twas made to stay in yesterday (by my parents) | | tet somebody do something be allowed to do something | My parents didn't let me go out. I wasn't allowed to go out yesterday. | __ Note: Let cannot be used in the passive voice, 7ze a Use the prompts to write sentences as in the examples James / make / brother / cry / all the time fa ther ¢ eee “Peter / make / go / bed / early / lastnight Peter, was made to go to bed early last night... ‘My mother / not let / me / go / party / yesterday MY. mot Jet me go to the party yesterday. 1/ not / allowed / go / party / yesterday Twasn't allowed to [Link] the, 1 my mother / make / me / study / a lot / last night 2 last year, Mrs Smith / make / retire / because / she / be / sixty years old 3. our teacher / always make / us / stand / when / he / enter / classroom 4 the robbers / make / confess / yesterday 5 she/ make / my sister / laugh / all the time 6 I / make / give up / smoking / last year 7 Penny / not / allowed / visit / friends / last weekend 8 our teacher / not let / us / go on J school trip / last Thursday Study the example and rewrite the sencences. ‘Muri doesn’t let me watch TY after 10 pn TY after 19 pt | Mrs Johnson didn't let her daughter come home fate. Mrs Johnson's 2 My parents didn’t let us go climbing last month. We 3. The police didn’t let the fans bring anything into the stadium The fans oe peat eee aoe 4 Mr Brown made his son do his homework. Mr Brown's 5 The police made him confess the truth. He. 6 They lot us swim in the sea on our school trp. We 7 Parents make their Children ..Phrasal verbs: mixed Use the phrasal verbs below in the correct form to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you. hang éround hang back hang on hang onto hang up head off hold back halen hold up (2) join in join up 1 Could you ....../t0!d on. (wait) a moment while | make a quick phone call, please? 2 When I rang to apologise for my mistake, she just .......sessceeesesssse+ (put the phone down) without saying a word. 3 Jack couldn't [Link] (Keep control of) his anger any longer and he started shouting at everyone. 4 That's the third time the bank has been... .- (robbed) this year. 5 When Alec was unemployed he used to sss (stand about aimlessly) outside the local café. 6 You should never sa seoeeesees (hesitate) when you're given such a wonderful opportunity. 7 Vom sorry tim late. | got ossssosseeeee (delayed) in the heavy traffic. 8 .- (wait) while | get a pen to write down the message. 9 Pe rather so (not part with) the painting until | find out how much it is worth. 10 The police managed! to (stop) the robbers (getting away) .-.... sa. by taking a short cut. 11 Don't just stand there, Go and ..... 12 Malcolm said he Would «+... (take part in) the fun. (enlist in the army) if he couldn's find a job. Phrasal verbs: keep Use the word keep in the correct form together with the particles below to replace the words and phrases in brackets in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you. back (2), up in up with on down off we 1 It's not easy to develop the skill you need in basketball. You'll just have to .......K08P.84....... (persevere with) it DWE secsscssseessseeesese (doesn't stop) raining, the river will flood. 3 As the other students are making rapid progress, you won't be able t0 «......[Link] (maintain the same fevel as) them unless you work hard, You've done well recently. .... . (maintain) the good work. eetieestittte (control the level of) your voice . ssseee «can't concentrate on my work. . (Don't walk on) the grass. ‘Although the suspect seemed to be cooperative, the police knew he was Sous (not revealing) SOMEHHINE vossssssssssseseseseeeee 8 Brian's parents are him .. (not allowing out) in the evenings until he promises to behave himself at school. 9 The firemen told us to . (stay away) as there was danger from the burning building,\ ) Phrasal verbs: let, look following sentences. The first one has been done for you. a Use the phrasal verbs below in the correct form to replace the words and phrases in brackets In the let down let in on fot up look after look on look out look to look into Rob's younger brothers ..... JK. up. . (respect) him so he has to set a good example. 1 2. The recent disappearance of three valuable paintings is being ...... (investigated) by potice. 3 ! (Be carefull) Those books are going to fall off the shelf 4 We oe . (regard) you as one of the family. You're always welcome here. 5 tm depending on you for support so don't... cesses (disappoint) me i & According to the weather forecast, the rain Won't sss. .. (Stop) until this evening, 7 As long as you promise not to tell anyone, I'l. (tell) you . : a secret. 8 My cousin has kindly offered to . (ake care ef the children tonighe, Words easily confused Use the words on the left to complete the sentences on the right. Make sure the words are in the correct form, Use each word at least once. The zoologist spent days ...,Q8erving.... the behaviour of a pride of lions. “Can yous... It's such a small stain that no one will... i'd rather ves television than go out. the sea from the top of the hil ie, A day at the Cannes is a popular tourist a Navy vessels patrol the .- in search of smugglers. ‘Our boat sank but we were able to swim to the .... Oil tankers are too big for this small ‘would make a pleasant change. AA) esses decides which articles are included in a newspaper. He's worked as 2 war ..... for the last ten years. ‘At the start of the football match, the .. predicted a win for Brazil. The oescesstsssssseis asked the president some tricky questions at the press conference. She has all the ... necessary for the job. Even the world’s best players have to practise their Inever doubted his sessseeee to do the job. Nowadays ... +. scouts watch children play football and try to sign them at a very young age. Just one 1. at the patient was enough to prompt the doctor to call an ambulance: Make sure we get a room with a sea .... Stay out of... sessseees until they've gone. ‘These glasses will improve your ‘We lefe the port, hoping to catcha There hasn't been a b The... What Was eeseseesseees +. earthquake here for years entrance to the building is in High Street. «about the results of the experiment? problem is financial, +. IS no good for growing these flowers. 7 ~ soil a Sandy esses land. b found the bracelet lying on the ..............+++:++ outside. ground Her family owns quite a lot of earth: | What Of sssssseseesnes are you doing? Going on a world ..... .. sounds like fun. b Scott led a(n) ++. 0 the North Pole, c The. sss from the mainland to the island takes two hours. d_ Only the Red Cross workers were guaranteed safe .. ». through the ‘war-torn country. 2 They don't own the flat. They're : b im afraid parking 15 10F «....seeccsersenseee OMY. © OUP next dOOF «oss esseeeseessesees have @ party at least once a week. d The of this istand have some very strange customs. of VAT. ‘our will definitely work out cheaper. search of the building, the bomb disposal b An) After making a(n) unit declared it safe, 4 Iewas a(n) - waste of money. HL. include: a My job... .--. travelling abroad quite frequently. involve bo The price ..ssccsseeessensssee altport taxes and transfers. contain © Wood only a small part of the structure of these houses. d_ Nobody knew exactly what the box a The colouring Set .....esce-sessene Of twelve coloured pencils. f We need a tank that can .....[Link] at least ten gallons. We'd better get an .... ... decorator to do the work. His injuries are superficial and there’s no .. .- bleeding The village is about ten miles ... sevsseesee ROE ON the Coast. There is a great deal of poverty in sesesssoseee CY areas, 1 a> A soldier must ....-scceeses b They're .. = The next meeting will be 4 He eijoys .: orders without question. thelr silver wedding anniversary. .. on 2nd March, magic tricks at children's birthday parties. ++ OF 20% on all cameras this week. 14 ‘sale a There's a(n) . discount bit was a special . 5 that’s why I only paid £10 for it. offer © Wait until the ....... start before you go shopping for clothes.criticise enthuse Cee eae eel ae seeereesseeeesee | emphatic tesssssasseeerse | (mis)behave Be sell - 2 | ceeccaseeesensee | proven tell - dramatise oe complain 7 seccesiesseseee | furnished seseserseeeeeees | Chosen | be born lacie speak speaking/spoken | - rude B Use the word in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in the space in the sentence. | ve never met such a ......6f264Y.......... person before, GREED 2 Schulz is a famous ...... ae CARTOON 3. The psychologist said his behaviour was .... .. and that he needed therapy. NATURE 4 According to an eyewitness, three men took part in the ........ ROB | 5 Put down the vsssssessssssesseeeees and dial the number again, RECEIVE i 6 If I don’t get a pay rise, Il hand in my sooesesses RESIGN 7 My grandfather used to play with .. toys woop B Why did he react $0... when | mentioned my project? AGGRESSION 9 Their... san views are totaly different from mine. PoLiTics VO Get ecrrerens . put your pyjamas on and go to bed. DRESS Preposition practice by in into at to with on for from 1 The crowd was staring ........45. .. the building that was. eet fire. 2 tmet .. him sss Chance outside the library. 3 There's a good film ..... television .. ssseees this evening, 4 After being involved «+--+ a scandal, the president was asked to resign. 5 The company will provide you a. special uniform. 6 Something strange happened .......-sesecessssee Me While | Was Waiting -..sesssssereeeees the Bus 7 Her novels have been translated .. cece English vusssscsecsssseeeee more than twenty foreign languages. & We entered ..... the hall... sess exactly the same time. 9. It's not worth appealing them so soccscsssceessees Help. 10 Amy is going to apply ... .- British Airways eesscees @ Ob.“R To Say that we arrange for. somebody to. do something for us 8 To talk about an unpleasarit action that happens to somebody _ Lam having my hair cut next week. Thad my car stolen yesterday. Present Simple Note: Look at the difference in meaning in these two sentences. I had my car cleaned. (| employed somebody to do it for me) Thad cleaned my car: (\ had cleaned it myself) He has his car cleaned, He is having his car cleaned. t [7 Present Continuous { Past Simple Past Continuous Present Perfect Simple rT Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous He had his car cleaned. He was having his car cleaned. He has had his car cleaned. He has been having his car cleaned. He had had his car cleaned. He had been having his car cleaned. Future Simple I Future Continuous Future Perfect Simple He will have his car cleaned, He will be having his car cleaned. He will have had his cor cleaned. |_Modals He must have his car cleaned. Gerund He enjoys having his car cleaned. Infinitive He wants to have his car cleaned. fan Be going to He is going to have his car cleaned. He doesn’t have his car cleaned. Did he have his car cleaned? He will get his car cleaned. Will he get his car cleaned? Note: The negative and interogative in the Present Simple and Past Simple are formed with da/did, We can use get instead of have in the same way in spoken English.fi sentences using the causative form. BSvervaouaun Your hair needs cutting. Your car needs servicing. Your room needs painting. ‘The carpet needs cleanitig Your bike needs fixing. Your watch needs mending. Your tooth needs filing. Your house needs redecorating. This garden needs digging. The grass need cutting. Seedeectceeiees Complete the sentences using the causative form. ounune Dad .....tad,ltis car cleaned. (his car / clean) yesterday. It is going co be a very hot summer. We MUSE .sossssrsssssseeeeeneeeeers +. (ait conditioning / put in). les three years since we last secstuneeiserisesissennetissesens (the bedroom walls / paint). 1 The inspector is going to 1 How often . (my computer / fix) at the moment. sss (the whole house / search) for fingerprints. .. (already my eyes / test) by nine o'clock yesterday. (your hair f cut)? (the tap / fix) before you arrive. Thave called a plumber. |... Rewrite the sentences using the causative form, Someone stole my camera. 7 They have already published three books of mine. | fad my camera stolen, Fase They are servicing my car. 8 Mrs May gota plumber to fc the tp. U sessassssetes ” Mrs May Someone broke into my aunt's house 9 Tom's mother washes his clothes. My AUN oesenseeesee Tom .. . The hairdresser is going t cut my hair tomorrow. 19 Our floor needs polishing. a os We must . {An electrician fixed the TV for Mary. I] He has serviced Dad's car Mary Dy eee eerrarrgttretecttesrtiortanita The dent ling one of my teeth, 12 They will deiver Carol's new fridge tomorrow. Vam .. Carol ‘Complete the sentences using the causative for fad our roof repalred ....,....ssseee last week, (our roof, repair) .. yet. (not, her passport photo, take) . at the moment. (his eyes, test) ‘when [ called in this morning, (the alarm, check) vo. once a year. (his carpets, clean) fe cere eee once since we moved in. (the flat, redecorate)IATION PRACTICE ce Use of English Practice Tests 5 & 6 }-15, read the text below and decide which answer A, By Cor D best fits each space Foe qpiction é ‘There is an example at the beginning (0). 2 : Jailed birds and jailbirds Although the therapeutic (0) ...... of pets has been appraciated for some time, they have not been allowed in British prisons until relatively (1) .... Not long ago it (2) ..... to the prison authorities that prisoners serving long sentences must feel (3) ...... by society : and that was (4)... the reason why they became less cooperative. lt was then suggested that they were (5) «us. tO | respond positively f they were allowed to keep a budgie. Realising that long-term prisoners (6) ...... through a great deal of suffering, the appropriate government department went (7) ...... with the idea, | ‘After a tial period, the authorities () ..... the conclusion that looking after a small helpless bird brought out a (9). side in most prisoners. This, in turn, (10) ...... some prisoners and their jllers closer together. The authorities were (11)... relieved because there had been some opponents to the scheme who had passionately warned (12) ... it Since the scheme was (13)... inmates have been able to (I) ..... feem the boredom of prison lfe and see their situation from a completely different (15) .. a price © value worth a lately © shortly d soon “a happened. ‘considered © resulted | © occurred a abandoned vanished oe a accurately © yo a likely : 5 certainly a feel: . dd t0 & ‘through € dup “a aime ea reached @ sensitive € a truth a fetched nee Wd eared “a completely ve 5d absolutely a. from 5 © for! against a discovered ‘© found out 'd. happened a prevent = eeaes block & corner, ‘ © angle ©: opinion For questions 16-30, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space: There is an example at the beginning (0). . Gambling In these days of high unemployment it might (0) ......PE...... expected that people would try to save as (16) money as possible. However, the surprising fact is that people (IZ) .v.v-ssssen gambling to putting money aside during an economic depression Gambling takes (18)... - forms and most people do it at one time or another. The majority usually bet small amounts on football matches, horse races, lotteries and seratch cards. They regard it (19) 2 kind of hobby ‘which may improve the quality oftheir lives. Although they know very few (20) managed to de this, they are (21) ++ hopeful that they will win alarge sum of money that they (22) on betting. This group usualy know when they are (23) ‘0 stop gambling so they can (24) ..cvsens least control the amount they spend, ‘There are, on the other hané, those who have (25) . 4 strong desire to gamble that they take no notice (26) seesecseres anyone who ties to stop them. As a result, they feel they (27) ‘to bet to satisy their addiction. These people wi risk losing al their money without a second thought. In other words, they (28) . rather lose their jobs or cause their marriage to breale down (29) ese sever iO (0) vssseneesene gamblinge|) For: {questions 31-40, complete the second Sentence so that it has a similar moaning to the first: ven. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five | given. There is an example at thé beginning. Ie isn’t necessary for you to go to every lesson. attend You ‘have to/need to attend, The president found what the manager sald embarrassing. embarrassed The president comments. Her brother didn’t have nearly as much success in the job as she did. more She did the job A famous architect is designing a house for them. designed They .. He started his stamp collection abou twenty years ago. collecting He cesses her brother. .- by a famous architect. about twenty years. You really shouldn't play on this court without permission, supposed You ... = on this court out permission, I'd rather work here than get a job in the city. prefer 1 ‘Tommy often forgets to switch on the alarm. a job in the city. time I's not the +. to switch on the alarm. ‘The combination of her green skirt and red jacket looked awful. go Her green skirt .. her red jacket at al. She doesn’t want you to study abroad. rather She .... . study abroad. Your can buy two for the price of one at this shop. sale They are .. sessoeess price at this shop.Giving a plant Since a plant is normally a very welcome present, many of us give one without thinking more carefully about how difficult that it can be to look after it. Some people would rather not to have a plant because they spend such a long periods of time away from home tities that they are unable to take care of it properly. In these cases the owner has the problem of finding ‘out someone responsible to look after the plant. There are also plants that need their special care, These normally die as soon as they will get too much oe sun or water. If the plant is kept on a balcony, it may attract so many insects. When this happens, it is often necessary to use a chemical spray ~ something which most people would prefer not to avoid. One a further reason for not giving a plant just because of it is an easy choice is that some people cannot ‘grow up anything, no matter how hard they try. . Is now a sensitive politica issue in many countries. ‘As a result, one would assume that the amount of (56) waste being released is decreasing, However, there is no (67). shows that the (58) . (69)... attempts have been made to (60) ... Most of the time (61) ... businessmen are accused of behaving (62) . (63) general public to maintain their (64) that this is so. In fact, all the evidence - of our ‘environment is not slowing down at all. Many . the reasons for this. - government ministers and soe but putting the blame on these peopl a way of allowing the of products which damage the environment. If the public’s (65) .. positive, perhaps the situation would change. ; 4tor questions 1-13; nese cea bebe nd ocide avhich answer A,B, co or DI best fits each space, ‘There is an example at the a begning 0). Sen e Modern tourism Tourism has (0) van. in for' a lot of criticism recently but has been unaffected by it and rightly so. One of the most ‘common faults found with iis that (I) ...... no longer broadens the mind, But why should i? (2) ....., the holidaymakers who choose to go on a (3) ..... four know just what such a holiday (4) .....« This is what appeals (5) ..... them so why shouldn't they go on this type of holiday? Travel writers generally (6) ...... down on them because of their lack of 1" But what if they don’t want broader minds? What if they adventure ~ ‘all they want is 2 room with a sea (7) choose these holiday (8)... because their minds can't get any broader? Another frequent criticism levelled at courirn concerns the changes (9)... at holiday destinations: the (10) culture changes, (11)... 1s developed, (12)... roads are built and locas (13)... for their guests In other words, the tourist is provided (14)... copy ofthe place he or she has just left plus service. So why should there be any crtkisin? The world is changing rapidly and nether you nor {have the (15)... to stop it Just st back and enjoy the ride! 0 @ come!’ “e sayed Q |

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