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Electromagnetic Wave Propagation

The loss tangent of a medium is calculated as the ratio of the conductivity to the product of the angular frequency and dielectric constant. It characterizes the relationship between conduction and displacement current and determines whether a material is a good or poor conductor of electricity. Materials can be classified based on their loss tangent values as good conductors, good insulators, dissipative dielectrics, perfect dielectrics, or perfect conductors. The speed of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a medium depends inversely on the square root of the product of the medium's electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability. It is related to the refractive index, with light traveling slower in mediums where the refractive index is greater than 1.

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Nerley Adrian Giraldo G
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115 views3 pages

Electromagnetic Wave Propagation

The loss tangent of a medium is calculated as the ratio of the conductivity to the product of the angular frequency and dielectric constant. It characterizes the relationship between conduction and displacement current and determines whether a material is a good or poor conductor of electricity. Materials can be classified based on their loss tangent values as good conductors, good insulators, dissipative dielectrics, perfect dielectrics, or perfect conductors. The speed of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a medium depends inversely on the square root of the product of the medium's electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability. It is related to the refractive index, with light traveling slower in mediums where the refractive index is greater than 1.

Uploaded by

Nerley Adrian Giraldo G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Explain the concept of "loss tangent" applied to electromagnetic wave


propagation media, and indicate how it is calculated.

This loss tangent depends of the medium characteristic and the frecuency of the
signal and determines the relation between conduction current and displacement
current, and this is the formule:

𝜹 𝜺′
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜹 = =
𝝎𝝐 𝜺′′
𝝐 → 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚
𝜹 → 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚
𝝐 → 𝟐𝝅𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚

With loss tangent we can define if a material is a good or bad conductor of


electricity

With the loss tangent we can characterize a medium and to define the
conductivity of these only changing the frequency.

2. According to the "tangent of losses", how can the means of propagation be


classified?

If tan(𝛿) ≥ 10  is a good conductor


If tan(𝛿) < 0.01  is a good insulator
If 0.01 < tan(𝛿) < 10  is a dissipative dielectric
If tan(𝛿) = 0  is a perfect dielectric
If tan(𝛿) ∞ is a perfect conductor

3. What concept does each of the means of propagation defined in the previous
point have?
Good conductor: this is a material that can conduce the electricity well
Good insulator: this is a material that can’t conduce the electricity well
Dissipative dielectric: this material has the property to form electric dipoles, with
the action of an electric field.
All dielectric materials are insulators but not all insulator materials are dielectrics.

Perfect dielectric: this is a material that not permits the pass of the electricity
across his material.
Perfect conductor: this is a material than can be a superconductor and can be
used in electronics supercomputers and new elements and devices.

4. On what does the propagation velocity of an electromagnetic wave depend?


What is the relationship between the speed of propagation and the refractive
index of a medium?

In general, for mechanical waves, the velocity through a material depends mainly
on two of the characteristics of the medium: its density and its rigidity. In any
case, the speed is generally related to the value of the wavelength and the
period.

The relationship can be expressed mathematically through the quotient: v = λ / T,


where v is the speed of the wave measured in meters per second, λ is the
wavelength measured in meters and T is the period measured in seconds.

What is the relationship between the speed of propagation and the refractive
index of a medium?

1
The electromagnetic wave in the vacuum is 𝑐=
√𝜖0 𝜇0
Being 𝜖0 𝑦 𝜇0 the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability of the
vacuum respectively

Ever the light will be less the 0 in a medium that no is the vacuum.

When the light changes medium it experiences a deviation that depends on the
angle with which it affects the surface that separates both media. It is spoken,
then, of incident angle and angle of transmission. This phenomenon is called
refraction.

5. What is the penetration depth of an electromagnetic wave in a medium and how


can I calculate it? : The speed of light in a medium can be calculated from its
electrical permittivity and its magnetic permeability in the following way 𝑐=
1
√𝜖𝜇
Bibliografy
Caracterización de un medio: Wilmer Hernan Gutierrez Ramos
Publicado el 7 dic. 2015, tomado de:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtSjveRJ1CE

Tomado de:
http://ocw.uniovi.es/pluginfile.php/677/mod_resource/content/1/1C_C11812_A/cristalografia/14/
1.htm

Radiación electromagnética. (s.f.). En Wikipedia. Recuperado el 3 de marzo de 2019


de https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3n_electromagn%C3%A9tica

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