Telephony and VoIP
Fundamentals
Steven Taylor
President, Distributed Networking Associates, Inc.
Publisher/Editor, Webtorials
taylor@webtorials.com
Larry Hettick
Vice President, Wireline Solutions
Current Analysis
larry@larryhettick.com
Copyright & Notices
Professional Opinions - All information presented and opinions expressed by Distributed
Networking and/or Larry Hettick are the current opinions of Distributed Networking and/or
Larry Hettick based on professional judgment and best available information at the time of
presentation. Consequently, the information is subject to change, and no liability for advice
presented is assumed. Ultimate responsibility for choice of appropriate solutions remains
with the Customer.
Copyright, 2004 - Distributed Networking Associates and/or Larry Hettick. All portions of
this presentation are copyrighted by Distributed Networking Associates and/or Larry Hettick
and/or the organization credited as the source of information. All forms of reproduction
and/or recording, including photocopying, tape recording, and video taping are strictly
prohibited without the express prior written permission of Distributed Networking Associates
and/or Larry Hettick.
1
Thanks to the sponsor…
This presentation is
made possible in part
due to the generous
support of Nortel
Networks.
Agenda
The Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN)
Architecture
Digital Voice
What is Voice over IP (VoIP)?
Implementing VoIP
Unified Communications and
Applications Convergence
2
PSTN Architecture
SS7 Control
Network
Tandem
Office
Central
Office Tandem
Office Central
Office
Call info
Control info
Digital Voice Example
(PCM)
8000 Samples per second
255 code levels (8 bits per sample)
64,000 bits per second
Source: Screen capture from “CoolEdit” - http://www.syntrillium.com/
3
Traditional Digital Hierarchy
64 kbps (DS0) is the fundamental building
block
DS1 (T1) carries 24 DS0s in 1.544 Mbps
DS3 (T3) carries 28 T1s in ~45 Mbps
OC1 carries 3 T3s on ~150 Mbps
Data speeds have been adapted to fit into
this hierarchy
Agenda
The Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN)
Architecture
Digital Voice
What is Voice over IP (VoIP)?
Implementing VoIP
Unified Communications and
Applications Convergence
4
Traditional Data Nets
Layer 1:
Physical Layer
Layer 2: Ethernet,
Frame Relay, etc.
Layer 3:
IP
Layer 4:
TCP, UDP
Layer 7:
Application data
VoIP
Layer 1:
Physical Layer
Layer 2: Ethernet,
Frame Relay, etc.
Layer 3:
IP
Layer 4: UDP
for conversation content
Layer 7:
Voice Packets
5
Voice Variables
Three distinct functions may or may not be
used:
Compression
Could packetize 64 kbps PCM
But usually implies a more efficient coding scheme
Packetizing
Same low-bit-rate algorithms can be used over a dedicated
connection
VoIP is always packetized
Silence Suppression
Agenda
The Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN)
Architecture
Digital Voice
What is Voice over IP (VoIP)?
Implementing VoIP
Unified Communications and
Applications Convergence
6
Integrated Traditional
and VoIP Network
Control Networks
Tandem
Office
IP Network
Central
Gateway Gateway
Office Tandem
Office Central
Office
Call info
Control info
Typical VoIP Components
Hardware / Premise Equipment
Gateway Function
Usually embedded into another device
VoIP-enabled routers
IP PBX and IP-enabled PBX
Services
“IP Centrex”
IP-based transport of POTS/PSTN
calls
7
VoIP Network Architecture
IP Telephony
Service Provider
(IPSP) PSTN
PSTN
IP Centrex IP Phone
IP Phone
IP PBX IP PBX Traditional
Traditional Internet (with or
(with or Phone
Phone Without Without
Router) Router)
Traditional
Traditional
PBX
PBX
Private IP Network
VoIP
VoIP
Router
Router
ATM, Frame Relay,
or Private Line
Network
Agenda
The Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN)
Architecture
Digital Voice
What is Voice over IP (VoIP)?
Implementing VoIP
Unified Communications and
Applications Convergence
8
Converged IT Network
Architecture
IP Telephony
Service Provider
(IPSP) PSTN
PSTN
IP Phone
Information IP Centrex IP Phone
Processing
IP PBX IP PBX Traditional
Traditional Internet (with or
(with or Phone
Phone Without Without
Router) Router)
Traditional
Traditional
and Storage
PBX
PBX
Private IP Network
VoIP
VoIP
Router
Router
ATM, Frame Relay,
or Private Line
Network
Thank you!
Summary
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Architecture
Digital Voice
What is Voice over IP (VoIP)?
Implementing VoIP
Unified Communications and Applications Convergence
For more information
Webtorials
http://www.webtorials.com
Nortel Networks
Sponsor of this presentation
http://www.nortelnetworks.com
