Technical Seminar Report On

DESALINATION OF WATER USING SOLAR ENERGY

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the award of the degree
of

BACHELORS OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Under
JNTU HYDERABAD

BY
ASHFAQ HUSSAIN
15M21A03L7

Under the Esteemed Supervision of

Mr. Mohammed Iqbal Khatib
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NAAC, NBA, Approved by AICTE & Affiliated by JNTU
Hyderabad
Survey No. 32, Himayat Sagar, Hyderabad-500019, India.

2019-20

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 LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
Approved by AICTE/Affiliated to JNTUH/Estd.2002.
Accredited ‘A’ grade by NAAC Accredited by NBA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Certificate

This is to certify that Technical Seminar report work entitled -

“Desalination of Water ByUsing Solar Energy”, is a bonafide
record of the work successfully completed and submitted by

ASHFAQ HUSSAIN 15M21A03L7

Under the guidance of Mr. Mohammed Iqbal Khatib, Assistant

Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department for the Requirement of
partial fulfillmentfor the award of degree ofBachelor of Technology in
Mechanical Engineering during the academic year2016-2020 from
JNTU-Hyderabad

Mr. Mohammed Iqbal Khatib Dr. Syed Azam Pasha Quadri

Internal Guide HOD/Vice Principal

Mr. Mohammed Asif .K

Seminar Coordinator

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 LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY
Approved by AICTE/Affiliated to JNTUH/Estd.2002.
Accredited ‘A’ grade by NAAC Accredited by NBA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Declaration

We hereby declare that the report “Desalination of Water

Using Solar Energy “which is being submitted by us In partial
fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in the Department
of Mechanical Engineering at the Lords Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Telangana-500091, is the result of investigations carried
out by us under the guidance of Mr. Mohammed Iqbal Khatib
Assistant professor in Mechanical Engineering Department, Lords
Institute of Engineering and Technology.

The work is original and has not been submitted for any degree
for this or any other university.

ASHFAQ HUSSAIN 15M21A03L7

iii
 LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Approved by AICTE/Affiliated to JNTUH/Estd.2002.
Accredited ‘A’ grade by NAAC Accredited by NBA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Acknowledgement

AshfaqHussain
15M21A03L7
Ashfaqhussain12338@gm
ail.com
+919989485941

The successful completion of this report involves many people

and we are extremely grateful to lecturers in mechanical engineering
department for their excellence guidance right from selection of project
and for encouragement throughout the completion of the project.

We express our sincere thanks to my supervisor

Mr. Mohammed Iqbal Khatib, Assistant Professor, Lords Institute of
Engineering and Technology. The main source for helping in selection
of our project and also suggested the suitable direction for our project.
The guidance showed the path towards the successful completion of
project.

We express our sense of gratitude to Dr. SYED AZAM PASHA

QUADRI Vice Principal/Head of the Mechanical Engineering
Department for his encouragement during the process of this project
work.
We derive great pleasure in expressing our sincere gratitude to
our Technical Seminar coordinator Mr.Mohammed Asif Kattimani.

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 for his kindly suggestions, which helped us to complete this
work successfully.

LORDS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE/Affiliated to JNTUH/Estd.2002.
Accredited ‘A’ grade by NAAC Accredited by NBA

Seminar Assessment Process

PSO

Professional Skills

Problem- Solving Skills

Course Name: - C426 Project Work

CO.1. Exhibit good teamwork skills and serves as effective members

of multi-disciplinary teams
C0.2. Articulate and justify technical solution to diverse audiences
through oral, written and graphical communication.
CO.3. Analyse the importance of professional and ethical
responsibilities of mechanical engineering.
CO.4. Experimentally analyse the innovative approach with respect
to research &development

PEO

PEO 1: Shall apply fundamental and advance knowledge skills in

basic and engineering science and in Mechanical engineering to find
suitable solution to technology challenges and problem in various
areas of engineering and real life areas using modern tools

PEO 2: Shall practice mechanical engineering in a responsible,

professional, and dedicated manner by functioning effectively either as
an individual or as a member of plenty disciplinary team, for the
benefit of the industry and society at large without detriment to
environment and sustainable development

PEO 3: Shall acquire good job opportunities in industries or pursue

higher studies.

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PEO 4: Shall develop the ability to engage in lifelong learning,
research and development in a responsible, professional, dedicated
and ethical manner for the benefit of the industry and society at large.

Abstract
Desalination is a process that takes away mineral components
from saline water. Saltwater is desalinated to produce water suitable
for human consumption or irrigation. One by-product of desalination
is salt. Desalination is used on many seagoing ships and submarines.
Most of the modern interest in desalination is focused on cost effective
provision of fresh water for human use. Along with
recycled wastewater it is one of the few rainfall-independent water
sources. Due to its energy consumption desalinating sea water is
generally more costly than fresh water from rivers
or groundwater water recycling and water conservation. However
these alternatives are not always available and depletion of reserves is
a critical problem worldwide. Desalination processes are usually either
driven by either thermal ex: distillation or electrical
ex: photovoltaic or wind power as the primary energy types. Currently
approximately 1% of the world's population is dependent on
desalinated water to meet daily needs but the UN expects that 14% of
the world's population will encounter water scarcity by
2025. Desalination is particularly relevant in dry countries such
as Australia and Middle East countries. Desalination process using
solar energy requires huge amount of time and output is
comparatively less and desalination based on thermal alone results in
high processing cost.As a part of our project dissertation we are
planning to fabricate and test a hybrid i.e. Solar & gas desalination
equipment which is faster than solar desalination and cheaper than
gas based desalination.

Keywords: Renewable energy, Desalination, Solar energy,

Waterdispenser

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 Contents

Certificate ii

Declaration iii

Acknowledgement iv

Seminar assessment process v

Abstract vi

Content vii

List of Tables viii

List of figures ix

Abbreviations x

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.Introduction

1.1. Overview of Solar Water Dispenser

Chapter 2. Literature Review

2.0.Literature Review

2.1.Availability or Scarcity of Water

2.2.Heater

2.2.1. Conventional Storage Tank Heater

2.2.2. Heat Pump Water Heater

2.3.Solar Power

2.3.1. Monocrystalline Panels

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 2.3.2. Polycrystalline Panels

2.4.Condenser

2.4.1. Water Cooled Condenser

2.4.2. Air Cooled Condenser

2.5.Positive Displacement Pump

2.5.1. Rotary Displacement Pump

2.5.2. Reciprocating Displacement Pump

2.6.Cooling fan

2.6.1. Propeller Fans

2.6.2. Centrifugal Fans

2.7.Pipes and fittings

2.7.1. Pipe Elbow

2.7.2. 90 Degree Elbow Pipe

2.7.3. 45 Degree Elbow Pipe

2.7.4. Pipe Tee

2.8.Angles
2.9.Carbon Steel Pipes & Its Properties

2.10.Tanks

2.11.Ms Plate

2.12.Temperature Gauge

2.13.Batteries

2.13.1.Nickel Cadmium Batteries

2.13.2.Lithium Ion Batteries

2.14. Heat

2.14.1. SensibleHeat

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 2.14.2. Latent Heat

2.14.3.Superheating

Chapter 3. Objectives

Chapter 4. Methodology

4.1. Working Principal

4.2.Calculations

4.3.Fabrication

4.3.1. Fabrication of Heater

4.3.2. Fabrication of Condenser

4.3.3. Fabrication of Storage Tank

4.4.Assembly of Mechanical & Electrical

4.4.1. Assembly of solar Panels

4.4.2. Assembly of Cooling Fan

4.4.3. Assembly of Battery

4.4.4. Assembly of Water pump

4.5.Experimental Setup

Chapter 5.Results & Discussion

Chapter 6. Conclusions

References

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 List of Figures

Page No.

Fig: No.1. Heater 6

Fig: No.2. Conventional storage tank heater 6

Fig: No.3. Heat pump water heater 7

Fig: No.4. Solar power 8

Fig: No.5. Mono Crystalline panels 8

Fig: No.6. Poly Crystalline panels 9

Fig: No.7. Condenser 9

Fig: No.8. Water cooled condenser 10

Fig: No.9. Air cooled condenser 11

Fig: No.10. Positive displacement pump 11

Fig: No.11. Rotary displacement pump 12

Fig: No.12. Reciprocating displacement pump 13

Fig: No.13. Cooling fans 13

Fig: No.14. Propeller fans 14

Fig: No.15. Centrifugal fans 15

Fig: No.16. Pipes fittings 16

Fig: No.17. Pipe elbow 16

Fig: No.18. Pipe Tee 17

Fig: No.19. Angles 18

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Fig: No.20. Carbon steel pipes and its properties 18

Fig: No.21. Tanks 19

Fig: No.22. Mild steel plates 19

Fig: No.23. Temperature gauge 20

Fig: No.24. Batteries 21

Fig: No.25. Nickel cadmium batteries 21

Fig: No.26. Lithium ion batteries 22

Fig: No.27. Block diagram of desalination of water 27

Fig: No.28. Carbon steel pipes

Fig: No.29. Marking operation

Fig: No.30. Cutting and grinding operation

Fig: No.31. Carbon steel plates

Fig: No.32. De-rusting operation

Fig: No.33. Plates after De-rusting

Fig: No.34. Welding of carbon steel plates

Fig: No.35. Drilling operation

Fig: No.36. Welding of inlet & outlet valves

Fig: No.37. Chipping & Wire Brush Operation

Fig: No.38. Marking Operation on a Plate

Fig: No.39. Cutting Operations

Fig: No.40. After performing cutting operation on mild steel plates

Fig: No.41. Welding operation performed on plates

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Fig: No.42. After performing arc welding operation

Fig: No.43. Welding of evaporator and hallow frame.

Fig: No.44. Fabrication of copper coil

Fig: No.45. Cutting operation of rods

Fig: No.46. Welding operation is performed

Fig: No.47. Cutting operation and marking is performed

Fig: No.48. Welding and fabrication of coil

Fig: No.49. Adding of ferrule

Fig: No.50. Drilling operation is performed

Fig: No.51. marking and cutting operation is performed

Fig: No.52. After cutting operation

Fig: No.53. marking and cutting operation of mild steel plates

Fig: No.54. Marking and drilling operation

Fig: No.55. After drilling operation

Fig: No.56. solar panel

Fig: No.57. solar panels with supports

Fig: No.58. Cooling Fan

Fig: No.59. Battery

Fig: No.60. mild steel plate

Fig: No.61. Drilling operation

Fig: No.62. Fixing of water pump

Fig: No.63. Setup of Desalination of Water Using Solar Energy

xii
 List of Tables

Table: No.1. Specification of solar panel

Table: No.2. Specification of battery

Table: No.3. Specification of water pump

Table: No.4. Specification of desalination of water

xiii
 Abbreviations
A = Ampere

Ah = Ampere hour

Isc. = Short Circuit Current

KOH = Potassium hydroxide

LPM = Litre per minute

LPG = Liquified petroleum gas

LIOH = Lithium hydroxide

LI = Lithium

MS = Mild steel

NAOH = Sodium hydroxide

NIOOH = Nickel hydroxide

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Unit

PSI = Pounds per square inch

Pmax. = Maximum Power

PV = Photo voltaic

Ppb = Parts per billion

SOG-Si = Solar grade silicon

TDS = Total dissolved solids

UMG-Si = Updated metallurgical grade

Vmp. = Voltage at maximum power

Voc. = Open Circuit Voltage

V = Volts

Whr = watt-hour

W = Watts

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