Michael Leonardo
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TUGAS MT2203 KARAKTERISASI MATERIAL 2
4.32.
2
1
5
3
Figure 4.14. Photo-micrograph of the surface of a polished and etched polycrystalline
specimen of an iron–chromium alloy in which the grain boundaries appear dark. 100X
a. Using the intercept method, determine the average grain size, in millimeters, of the
specimen whose microstructure is shown in Fig-ure 4.14(b); use at least seven
straight-line segments.
b. Estimate the ASTM grain size number for this material.
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13717031
Jawaban
Garis ke- P
1 8
2 6
3 5
4 5
5 7
6 7
7 5
Total 43
Panjang garis berwarna biru = 90 mm
𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑎 20000 𝜇𝑚
𝑀= = = 200 ×
𝑁𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑠𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑎 100 𝜇𝑚
𝐿𝑇
𝑙=
𝑀 ×𝑃
7 × 90 𝑚𝑚
𝑙=
200 × 43
𝑙 = 0,0733 𝑚𝑚
Menentukan nilai dari nomor ukuran butir menurut standar ASTM
𝐺 = [−6,644 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑙)] − 3,288
𝐺 = [−6,644 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (0,0733)] − 3,288
𝐺 = 4,254
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13717031
4.33.
Figure 9.25. Photomicrographs of 𝛼 −ferrite (90×)
a. Employing the intercept technique, determine the average grain size for the steel
specimen whose microstructure is shown in Figure 9.25(a); use at least seven straight-
line segments.
b. Estimate the ASTM grain size number for this material.
Michael Leonardo
13717031
Jawaban
Garis ke- P
1 4
2 4
3 6
4 3
5 4
6 5
7 5
Total 31
Panjang garis berwarna biru = 100 mm
𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑎 48000 𝜇𝑚
𝑀= = = 240 ×
𝑁𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑠𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑎 200 𝜇𝑚
𝐿𝑇
𝑙=
𝑀 ×𝑃
7 × 100 𝑚𝑚
𝑙=
240 × 31
𝑙 = 0,0941 𝑚𝑚
Menentukan nilai dari nomor ukuran butir menurut standar ASTM
𝐺 = [−6,644 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑙)] − 3,288
𝐺 = [−6,644 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (0,0941)] − 3,288
𝐺 = 3,532
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4.35. Determine the ASTM grain size number if 25 grains per square inch are measured at a
magnification of 600 ×
Jawaban
𝑀 2
𝑁𝑀 ( ) = 2𝐺−1
100
600 2
25( ) = 2𝐺−1
100
900 = 2𝐺−1
𝑙𝑜𝑔900 = (𝐺 − 1)𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝑙𝑜𝑔900
𝐺−1=
𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝐺 − 1 = 9,814
𝐺 = 10,814
4.36. Determine the ASTM grain size number if 20 grains per square inch are measured at a
magnification of 50×
Jawaban
𝑀 2
𝑁𝑀 ( ) = 2𝐺−1
100
50 2
20( ) = 2𝐺−1
100
5 = 2𝐺−1
𝑙𝑜𝑔5 = (𝐺 − 1)𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝑙𝑜𝑔5
𝐺−1=
𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝐺 − 1 = 2,32
𝐺 = 3,32
Michael Leonardo
13717031
Tambahan
3
Michael Leonardo
13717031
Jeffries Planimetric Method
Lingkaran ke- n1 n2
1 484 78
2 476 73
3 481 81
Rata-rata 480,33 77,33
n1 = jumlah butir yang berada di dalam lingkaran
n2 = jumlah butir yang berpotongan dengan lingkaran
Dicari faktor pengali (𝑓), didapatkan dengan cara :
𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛2 3502
𝑓= = = 24,5
𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 5000
𝑛2
𝑁𝐴 = 𝑓 [𝑛1 + ( )]
2
77,33
𝑁𝐴 = 24,5 [480,33 + ( )]
2
𝑁𝐴 = 12715,3775 𝑚𝑚−2
Dicari Average Grain Area (A) dengan persamaan :
1 1
𝐴= = = 7,8645 × 10−5 𝑚𝑚2
𝑁𝐴 12715,3775
Dicari ASTM Grain Size Number dengan persamaan :
𝐺 = −3,322𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐴 − 2,955
𝐺 = −3,322log(7,8645 × 10−5 ) − 2,955
𝐺 = 10,68
Dengan menggunakan Jeffries Planimetric Method didapatkan ASTM Grain Size Number
sebesar 10,68.
Michael Leonardo
13717031
3
1
2
1
Michael Leonardo
13717031
Heyn Intercept Method
Garis ke- P
1 21
2 22
3 22
4 25
5 24
Total 114
Panjang garis berwarna merah = 60 mm
𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑎 35000 𝜇𝑚
𝑀= = = 350 ×
𝑁𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑠𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑎 100 𝜇𝑚
𝐿𝑇
𝑙=
𝑀 ×𝑃
5 × 60 𝑚𝑚
𝑙=
350 × 114
𝑙 = 0,00752 𝑚𝑚
Menentukan nilai dari nomor ukuran butir menurut standar ASTM
𝐺 = [−6,644 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑙)] − 3,288
𝐺 = [−6,644 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (0,00752)] − 3,288
𝐺 = 10,823
Dengan menggunakan Heyn Intercept Method didapatkan ASTM Grain Size Number sebesar
10,823.
Metode Perbandingan
Persegi ke- N
1 72
2 69
3 65
Rata-rata 68,67
Dicari nilai ASTM Grain Size Number (G) dengan persamaan :
𝑀 2
𝑁𝑀 ( ) = 2𝐺−1
100
Michael Leonardo
13717031
Dengan 𝑁𝑀 menyatakan jumlah butir pada perbesaran 𝑀
350 2
68,67( ) = 2𝐺−1
100
841,2075 = 2𝐺−1
𝑙𝑜𝑔841,2075 = (𝐺 − 1)𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝑙𝑜𝑔841,2075
𝐺−1=
𝑙𝑜𝑔2
𝐺 − 1 = 9,716
𝐺 = 10,716
Dengan metode perbandingan didapatkan ASTM Grain Size Number sebesar 10,716.
KESIMPULAN
Metode ASTM Grain Size Number
Perbandingan 10,716
Jeffries Planimetric 10,68
Heyn Line Intercept 10,823
