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A Desila Guide

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Professor Ralph M. Richard, Ph.D., P.£..
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I A Design Gu ide

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SINGLE PLATE FRAMING CONNECTION DESIGNS

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PREFACE

I
, AD extensive theoretical and experimental investigation of single plate framing connections

was performed during the period 1978-1982 in the research facilities of The University of Arizona,

Tucson, Arizona. The principal investigator was Professor Ralph M. Richard. Professor James D.

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Kriegh was co-principal investigator, and a number of graduate studentS contributed significantly to

the research effort.

I This research was funded by the American [ron and Steel Institute and the American

) Institute of Steel Construction. Messrs. Ernest Hunter and Heinz Pak chaired the research

committee that monitored the research.

I ResultS of these investigations were published in the following A1SC Ellgilleermg Joumals .

.. "The Analysis and Design of Single Plate Framing Connections,'

by Ralph M. Richard, Paul E. Gillett, James D. Kriegh
and Brett A. Lewis

I Vol. 17, No.2 (1980).

'Design of Single Plate Framing Connections with A307 BoltS,'

by Ralph M. Ri.c hard, James D. Kriegh and David E. Hormby
1 Vol. 19, No.4 ( 1982).
Discussion by Edward P. Becker and Ralph M. Richard
Vol. 22, No. I (I985).

I
-, "Single Plate Framing Connections with Grade-50 Steel and
Composite Construction,'
by David E. Hormby, Ralph M. Richard and James D. Kriegh
Vol. 21, No.3 (1984).

'Design Aids for Single Plate Framing Connections,'

I by Ned W. Young and Robert O. Disque

-I Vol. 18, No.4 (1981).

In 1988 an extensive study was completed which lead to a simpLified design procedure for single

plates. The basis of this procedure is given in the design report 'Simplified Single Plate Connection

J Designs' by Maker EI Salti and Ralph M. Richard which was submitted to AISC in November of

1988. Chapter I of this design guide contains a brief history of the si ngle plate connection and

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I Chapter 2 gives the design concepts and criteria for this connection . Given in Chapter 3 are

.. Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) eumples that cover

most typical design office applications.

I Appendix A gives the basis for the simplified design procedure and also repeats all of the design

examples of Chapter 3 using this procedure which gives essentially identical single plate designs as

--I the detailed published procedure. The structural engineer using this manual will generally use the

simplified procedure and will refer to the general procedure only in the more unusual design cases.

•, Appendices Band C are the ASD and LRFD Design Manual Weld Group Tables. respectively •

which may be used to design typical single plate connection designs.

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I CONTENTS

.. Preface

I Chapter I History of the Single Plate Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Figure I Single Plate Framing Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
I
2

Chapter 2 Design Concepts and Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . .. 4

--I Section I Introduction .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . ..

Figure 2

Section 2
Beam Line With AISC Connection T ypes . . . • • • . . ..

Single Plate
Figure 3
Connection Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . .
Single Plate Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
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.
.
. .
••
.
•
..
. .
4
5

6
7

•I Figure 4
Table I
Connection Rotation With Bolt Deformation
Concentrated Load Eccentricity Coefficients
.
.
.
.
.
.
. •
••
•
•
..
..
7
II

Section 3 Beam Li d Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . • • • . 12

)
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Section 4 Design Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
Table 2 Limiting Beam Spans for A307 Bolts in Standard Holes . 14

Section 5 Support Structure Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14

Figure 5 Single Plate Connection Design for Mixed Construction . 15

.. Figure 6
Figure 7
Example
Example
Figure 8
Single Plate to Tube Column Connection Designs . . . ..
Tube Column and Column Web Yield Line Model . . .
Single Plate Connection - WF Beam to Tube Column ..
Single Plate Connection - Coped WF Beam to Girder ..
Girder Web Yield Line Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
15
16
17
19
20

I Figure 9 Composite Beam Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 3 Single Plate Connection Design Examples ... . .. ... . . ... ... . . . . . . . 21
20

ASD Design Example I - A36 Beam With A325 Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1 ASD Design Example 2
ASD Design Example 3
ASD Design Example 4
Grade 50 Beam With A325 Bolts .. . . . . . . . .. 22
Composite A36 Beam with A325 Bolts . . . . . . .. 23
Composite Grade 50 Beam With Cover Plates . .. 24

I ASD Desgin Example 5 A36 Beam With A307 Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

-, ASD Design Example 6

ASD Design Example 7
ASD Design Example 8
LRFD Design Example I
LRFD Design Example 2
LRFD Design Example 3
Beam To Girder With A325 Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Beam To Wak Axis Column . . . ... . .. .. ... 27
Beam To Tube Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
A36 Beam With A325 Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
Grade 50 Beam With A325 Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Composite A36 Beam With A325 Bolts . . . . . . .. 32

I LRFD Design Example 4 Composite Grade 50 Beam With Cover Plates . .. 33

- I
LRFD Desgin Example 5
LRFD Design Example 6
LRFD Design Example 7
LRFD Design Example 8
A36 Beam With A307 Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34
Beam To Girder With A325 Bolts . . . . • . . . . . . 35
Beam To Wak Axis Column .. . . . . • . • • • . .. 36
Beam To Tube Column . . . . . . . . . . • • • • . .. 38

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

J Appendix A, B, C . . .. . . ... .. . . . . . . • . .. .. . . . . • . ... . ... . . . ... " attached

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CHAPTER I

HISTORY OF THE SINGLE PLATE CONNECTION

Single plate framjng connectjons traditionally have been considered by structural steel

I desjgners to be a flexible "shear" connection. It is a very popular girder-to-column and beam-to-

•I girder connection because it is economjcal to fabricate and results in simple field erection

procedures. Typical sjngle plate connections are shown in Figure I. In all cases shown, the

connection comprises a single plate with prepunched holes that is shop-welded to the supporting
) member. DurUlg erection the beam or girder with prepunched holes is brought into position and

I field-bolted to the framjng plate. Unlike double framing angles which may have bolts in common

.. with the angles for the beams in adjoinjng bays so that either erection bolts or erection angles may

be required, all the single plate connection elements are independent of the others.

Prior to the research reported in References 1-3, the standard design procedure for this

I
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connection was to assume each bolt to share an equal portion of the total shear load, and in

agreement with the sjmple support assumption, that relatively free rotation occurs between the end

of th.e beam and the supporting member. Both the plate and weld were generally designed to

I
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resist the shear and, additionally, a moment equal to the shear times the distance from the bolt line

to the weld. In fact, because of this simplified design procedure, the single plate connection was

often called a "shear tab," "shear bar," Or a "flag" connection. However, many structural engineers

in the design profession recognized that this connection, unlike double framing angle connections

I
• which have elements subjected to flexure, generally lacked the ductility to accommodate rOtations

I equal to that at the end of the simply supported beam as requjred by AISC Specifications.

An extensive research program at The University of Arizona established that sources of

J ductility were from (I) bolt deformation in shear, (2) plate and/ or beam web hole distortion due to

bolt bearing stresses, and (3) out-of-plate bending of the plate and/ or beam web. Additional

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H.S. BOLTED H.S. BOLTED SHOP WELDED TAB - FIELD
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(d) SHOP WELDED TAB AND PLATES

FIELD H.S. BOLTED

Figure I. Single Plate Framing Connections

J
I connection rotation may occur from bolt slippage if the bolts are not in bearing at the time of

.. initial loading. Because of these generally limited sources of ductility and the inherent rotational

stiffness of this connection, it was also recognized that the moment at the weldment could be

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significantly larger than the simplified design procedure predicted.

Even though this connection has an apparent f.ulure-free performance record, this does not

indicate that previous design procedures were adequate. The actual force, stress, and strrun

distributions in the connection elements should be understood and the design methods and

I specifications should reflect the actual structural behavior SO the factors of safety in Allowable

•I Stress Design (ASD) and the resistance and load factors in Load and Resistance Factor Design

(LRFD) are properly applied.

) Lipson (5, 6) at the University of British Columbia reponed results of full-scale tests which

indicated that single plates can develop a significant connection momen!. Caccavale (7), using the

I results of single shear bolt tests in plates of the same thickness used by Lipson, was able to

.. analytically model the Lipson beam tests using an inelastic finite element program (g) .

The research effons at The University of Arizona sponsored by the American Iron and Steel

Institute and the American Institute of Steel Construction from 1978 to 1982 that involved full-
I
.. scale testing of beams and extensive inelastic finite element analyses have resulted in design

procedures for a wide variety of single plate connection designs. These design procedures are

applicable to the "shear" connection and do not apply when single plates are used in "moment"

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connections wherein single plates may be designed on the basis of the connection shear only .

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.. 3
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.. CHAPTER 2

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DESIGN CONCEPTS AND CRITERIA

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Presented in References I, 2, and 3 is the research leading to recommended guides for the
I
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design of single plate framing connections. These procedures are appljcable to the Allowable Stress

Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) design codes for connections using

the following components and structural systems:

J
, I)

2)

3)
Noncomposite beams and composite beams, unshored and shored;

ASTM A36 and Grade 50 steel beams;

High-strength A325 and A490 bolts, snug tight or fully tightened, in standard round
or slotted holes;

4) A307 bolts in standard round or slotted holes; and/ or

5) ASTM A36 single plates.

I
.. In the American Institute of Steel Construction ASD and LRFD Specifications, it is stated

that flexible (simple) beam connections shall be designed to accommodate the simply supported

beam end rotation (ASD AISC 1.15.4 and LRFD 11.2). To accomplish this, inelastic action in the

I
-, connection is permitted. The reason for this is illustrated in Figure 2 where typical connection

moment rotation curves for ASD Type I (rigid), Type 2 (flexible), and Type 3 (semi-rigid) are

shown along with a beam line to demonstrate typical connection moments and rotations. There are

I
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three popular Type 2 connections; these are: (I) the single plate, (2) double framing angles, and

(3) the seated connection. Certain designs of all three of these connections can generate moments

between 10 to 20 percent of the beam fixed-end moment for typical designs. This is shown in the

example design problems presented herein for single plate connections and is shown in Reference 6

J for double framing angle connections. The double framing angle connection and the seated

I connection, with a top angle required to provide lateral support of the compression nange. derive

.. 4
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.. "'" Type 1 and FR Connection

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..: "'" Type 3 and PR Connection
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.. 0 M3 -
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1 , Type 2 and PR Connection

I M < O. 2 Mfixed

-. 83 82 8simPIe
MEMBER END ROTATION, 8

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-I Figure 2. Moment Rotation Characteri stics of AISC Connection Types

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11
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their ductility from angle elements in flexure. Shown in Figure 3 is a typical single plate

connection design. The single plate, when designed using high-strength bolts in standard round

holes derives its potential ductility, as shown in Figure 4, primarily from plate and/or beam web

I
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distortion due to the bolt bearing stresses. Alternatively, snug tight high-strength bolts in slotted

holes or A307 bolts may be used to accommodate the beam rotation. If A307 bolts are used in

standard holes, the maximum bolt distortion as shown in Figure 4 should be limited to

approximately 0.10 inches. The A307 bolt, unlike A325 and A490 bolts, is very ductile and may

I often provide all of the necessary connection ductility required (7) .

•I It has been common professional practice to neglect the effects of flexible connection

moments and also the accompanying beneficial increased stiffening of the supporting structural

J component. However, it is important that the designer be aware of the effects of these moments

and stiffnesses, which tend to beneficially offset each other, and be certain that all the elements of

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the connection have sufficient strength and ductility to accommodate the con nection forces. For

single plates, the most critical component of the connection is the weldment of the plate to the

supporting structure as shown in Figure 3 where the connection moment distribution is given.

I 2.2 SINGLE PLATE CONNEC110N DESIGN CRITERIA

1 There are three structural components to be designed in the single plate connection; these

are: (I) the plate, (2) the bolts, and (3) the weld. Design criteria for each of these elements are

I given below .

.. 2.2.1 Design Criteria for the Plate

2.2.1.1 Use ASTM A36 steel plate for ductility with a single row of bolts.

I 2.2.1.2 For either snug tight Or fully tightened high-strength bolts in standard round holes,

• design ductility into the connection by providing the following geometric properties (refer to the

I research data presented in Reference I):

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.-.-
..- b
Sinll. Plat •
Framinl
Conncctiou

- a...
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: ....
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ae. to ColUIID
Coanectioo

• • •
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Koaant It
Plac. Coanact1on

Figure 3. Single Plate Connection

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.. II bolt

I 1T , ,

--I
•
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J Figure 4. Connection Rotation With Bolt Deformation

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.. 7
J
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.. ... Required to prevent tension tearing .

... Required to prevent the bolt shear

mode of failure for A32S bolts.

I
, ot > 1.5 ... Required to prevent the bolt shear
mode of failure for A490 bolts.

where LH - distance from the bolt center line to the edge of the plate and/ or beam web.
...
o - bolt diameter. and
I
•I - plate or beam web thickness. whichever is smaller.

If the beam is Grade SO. tweb equiv - tweb x ~

2.2.1.3 If the holes are slotted, constraints in 2.2.1.2 are not required. so use standard edge

) distances (AlSC ASD Specification Table 1.16.5.1 and LRFD Table 13.7).

2~2. 1.4 If the beam web thickness controls in 2.2.1.2 above, and the beam is coped. the
I
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block shear mode of failure should be checked. Generally, this failure mode will not control the

design because the bolts are in single shear, but may if the connection depth is less than one-half

the beam depth.

I 2.2.1.5 If A307 bolts are used in standard round holes. limit the maximum bolt distortion

.. to less than 0.10 inches as shown in Figure 4.

x h/ 2 < 0.10·, where <Psimple beam - 2~il

'That is. maintain D. top bolt· <Psimple beam

for uniformly distributed loads.

2.2.1.6 If snug tight A325 or A490 bolts are used in either short or long slotted holes. the
I center hole of the bolt pattern need not be sloned. This detail can be useful for alignment of the

--I structure during erection.

2.2.2 Design Criteria for the Bolts

• 2.2.2. I Compute the number of bolts required by dividing the beam shear by the allowable

I bolt load. This assumes equal shear in each bolt which is not true because of the moment at the

bolt line as shown in Figure 3. However. if ductility is designed into the connection by

J preventing bolt shear and tension tearing of the plate and beam web. adequate connect ion strength

exists at the bolt line.

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2.2.2.2 Use only a single row of bolts.

2.2.3 Design Criteria for the Weldment

2.2.3.1 Compute the connection moment at the weld line as shown in Figure 3. This
I
, moment depends upon the number, size and specification of the bolts and the properties of the

beam and loads. If high-strength bolts are used in slotted holes, the moment is dependent on

whether the bolts are snug or fully tightened.

I 2.2.3.1.1 If fully tightened A325 or A490 bolts are used in either stnndard round or slotted

•I holes, Or if snug tight A325 or A490 bolts are used in stnndard holes, compute the beam

eccentricity, e, as shown in Figure 3 as follows:

) e - distnnce from bolt line to point of inflection of beam (eccentricity), inches.

e)
(-href
-x-nx(SrefJO
- - .•
I -hx
N S

.. h

n
-

-
distance between center of top and bottom bolts, inches

number of bolts

I - coefficient based on bolt diameter

- 5 for ~ in. and ~ in. bolts

1 • 7 for I-in. bolts

I Sref - coefficient based on bolt diameter

--I
- 100 for in. bolts

- 175 for ~ in. bolts

• - 450 for I-in. bolts

I S - section modulus of beam, inches'

~ ratio of beam
J [ h:f ) - parameter based on

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L L
g 0.06 d - 0.15 when d > 6

- 0.035 ~ when ~ <6

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,
where L - span length of beam, in.

d - depth of beam, in. (tota! depth of composite beams.)

This formulation was developed for noncomposite and composite beams, either shored or

unshored. For composite beams, substitute the transformed section modulus Str for S. There are

I
-• three special considerations in the use of

used.
Sr.; these are: (I) when cover plates are used, (2) when

the concrete stress governs the composite beam design, or (3) when pania! composite designs are

Refer to Reference 3, I':Ige 133, when cover plates are used and Reference 8 for the laner

) case. ote that S may always be conservatively substituted for Sr..

2.2.3.1.2 If A307 bolts in standard round holes Or snug tight A325 or A490 bolts in sloned

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holes are used, compute the beam eccentricity as follows:

•1 where n - number of bolts

h - depth of bolt panem

L - length of beam

•-.
d - depth of beam (total depth of composite beams)

2.2.3.1.3 If the beam is of Grade 50 steel, reduce the eccentricity by the ratio of the steel

strengths; that is,

36
e,. - e•• x 50

-•• If the beam is not uniformly loaded, increase the eccentricity using the coefficients from Table

which is from Reference I; that is,

econc - euniform x coefficient

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.. Table t. Concentrated load Eccentricity Coefficients

TYPE OF LOADING
EGJUAL LOADS. EQUAL SPACES
ECCENTRICITY
cocmCIENT
I
, CC
r 5\ 2.00

•
I
R
r r 7\
L33

I
) CC
r r r 5\
L33

I rr rr
.. R 5\
1.20

I 2.2.3.1.4 With the eexentricity known, the connection moment at the weld line is equal to

1 where V - be:Im shear force

M - V x (a + e)

I a - distance from the bolt line to the weld line as shown in Figure 3

e - eccentricity from 2.2.3.1.1 through 2.2.3.1.3

--I 2.2.3.2 Check the plate bending and shear stresses:

Foe fully tightened high strength bola

• ~:;: < 22. lcsi for fully tightened bola (ASD)

I fb -

~:;: < 32.4 lcsi for fully tightened bolts (lRFD)

J -

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Or for A307 bolts or snug tight, high-strength bolts in sloned holes

fb - ~~ < 22. ksi (ASD)

~~
I - < 32.4 ksi (LRFD)

, The shear stress is

fv - ~ < 14.4 ksi (ASD)

I - ~ < 20.2 ksi (LRFD)

•I where t - plate thickness

b - plate depth

) 2.2.3.3 Design the fillet welds based upon the resultant of the normal and shear slresses

from 2.2.3 .2. For example,

I
.. f XI
70XX weld req'd - 2x~.93 sixteenths (ASD)

I frxt .
- 2xl.39 slXteentbs (LRFD)

which gives the size of fiUet welds on each side of the plate. Alternatively, the weld may be
1 designed using the AlSC Manual eccentrically loaded weld group design aids (see ASD Tables

I
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XlX, xxm, and XXV, and LRFD Tables xvru, XXII, and XXIV which are appended to Ihis

design guide).

2.3 BEAM LId LlMITS AND END ROTA nONS

2.3.1 Noncomposite Beams

I
• To ensure connection ductility by avoiding bolt shear and tension tearing of the plate or

I beam web when using high-strength bolts in standard holes, beam end rotations should be limited

to a rotation that causes 0.2-in. deformation at the outermost bolts, as shown in Figure 4. at I.S

J times the working load for ASD or at the factored load for LRFD. To satisfy this requirement for

noncomposite beams, the following limits on the LId ratios are recommended:
I
.. 12
.-
•.. Noncomposite Beams Fy - 36 ksi

Noncomposite Beams F Y = 50 ksi

h < 36
d
h
d
< 24

,•
Beams that exceed these limits can be evaluated by computing the simple beam end rotation

and multiplying this by one-half the bolt pattern depth as shown in Figure 4.

2.3.2 Composite Beams

As with noncomposite beams with high-strength bolts in standard holes, it is recommended

•- that beam end rotations be limited to the rotation that causes 0.2 in. of deformation at the

•J
outermost bolt as shown in Figure 4. The Commentary to the ASD AISC Specification Section

1.13.1 recommends a lintit of 800/ F y on Li d for beams; this results in the following:

~ < 22 for Fy - 36 ksi

•..
< 16 for Fy - 30 ksi

Although these limits are set to control deflections, they can be conservatively used to limit end

rotations also .

2.3.3 Simple Beam End Rotations

•1 where
The end rotation for simple beams is given by the formula

w - uniform load per unit length

~ E
wi'
24EI

•-. i

E -
=

-
beam span

Young's Modulus

Beam Moment of Interia (Transformed for Composite Beams)

Typical end rotations are between 0.004 to 0.0 I0 radians.

-•• 2.4 DESIGN AIDS

Reference 8, appended to this guide, contains extensive tables of single plate designs using

fully tightened high-strength bolts for noncomposite beams. Table 2 from Reference 7 contains

J design data for single plates using A307 bolts in standard round holes or snug tight high-strength

•eI
bolts in slotted holes for noncomposite and composite beams.

13
I Weld designs may be made using the ASD and LRFD AISC Manual Tables on eccentrically

loaded weld groups; specifically, the welds required for all of the single plate designs in Figure I

may be sized using Tables XIX, xxm, and XXV for ASD designs and Tables XV1Il , xxn, and

I XXlV for LRFD designs.

, Table 2. Limiting Beam Spans for A307 Bolts in Standard Holes

(These span lengths are measured in feet.)

I NONCOMPOSITE BEAMS COMPOSITE BEAMS

•I Steel
Beam
Number of
A307 Bolts
Allowable Bending Steel Stress
22 24 30 33
Allowable Bending Steel Stress
22 24 30 33

WI2 3 45.5 41.7 33.3 30.3 60.6

J WI6

WI8
4

5
40.4

34.1
37.0

31.3
29.6

25.0
26.9

22.9 62.6
59.2

50.0
53.8

45.8
I
.. W21

W24
6

7
31.8

30.3
29.2

27.8
23.3

22.2
21.2

20.2
63.6

60.6
58.4

55.6
46.6

44.4
42.4

40.4

I 2.5 SUPPORT STRUCTURE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

A typical single plate-to-column connection design for milled construction is shown in

1 Figure 5 where headed studs, welded to a support plate, are used to resist the single plate shear

and bending moment. In both ASD and LRFD this connection design should be based upon the
I
.. ultimate strength of the headed studs by using the factored single plate moment and shear at the

weld line. For ASD use 1.5 times the service load moment and shear.

When the single plate is welded to the wall of a tube column, as shown in Figure 6, the wall

I thickness should be checked to determine if it is thick enough to support the single plate moment

• and shear force. Presented in Reference 10 is a yield line analysis which may be conservatively
I used to assess the tube wall strength for this connection. Shown in Figure 7 is a yield line pattern

J used to check the tube wall strength. The notation used in the following derivation is also given

in Figure 7.

I
.. 14
.&.
--
e . . e_
-- -e_e_ ~ &. _ e_
-'- .a. -I.

J>y--. ---
-----
. .. .
. . . .
. . .
*
.
**1
*
~
~

.,
"
'1~
~
I

I
---
---

:·11 ·.:::::.: It .~ I I -

.*..
... 1I I t;
I
.-

I I
."' v. . I I <

1.
I I
I I
Figure 5. Single Plate Connection Design I
1
tor Mixed Construction
1" 1 ~

Figure 6. Single Plate To Tube Column

Connection Designs
.I
I
..
bIZ bI Z

• ~

I
, r'~

I ,
I"
I \ //
//
/
- - - ---71
I
I
I
-r-

I +6 /~\ I +
I 1 I / \ I
• I I V \ 1
a/ 2

I 1 / V \ I

--~~ .. ... ----H:.--

I~/ ~ \1
---1+--1----
) M" e 1;\
1 \
~
I
I~
1

I 1 \ ~ / I
a/2

.. 1
1
1
1
-6

//
\
\
~
/
-"\,
I

'\
1
1
I -,...
I s

I 1
1/
/
IL _ _ _ _ _ _ _\.1
"
~
1
_,,_

1 •

- Notation

b • width of tube

--I a • depth of single plate

s • yield line length variable
M • factored single plate moment
u
e• plate rotation
• 6 • plate end deflection

I
.-I Figure 7. Tube Column and Column Web Yield Lme Model

.. 16
J
I
..
Yield lines emanate from the ends of the plate to the intersection of the axes of roation

which are along the edges as shown. Yield lines are also generated along these axes of rotation .

The virtual work theorem may be conveniently used here to determine the wall thickness.

I
,
The external virtual work is:

where 8 is virtual rotation of the factored moment, Mu , about the centerline and l!. is the resulting

I virtual displacement at the ends of the plate. The internal virtual work is:

•I
where mu is the plastic bending moment per unit length of tube wall.
) Equating the external virtual work to the internal virtual work gives the following equation:

I [8Sb + 4ab + 2bs + 2b]

..
M _ m a
u u a

To determine the variable s, minimize Mu with respect to s; i.e.,

u [8
I dM-
-
ds
- mua - + 0 - -2 b
b s'
+ 0] - 0

~
1 and solve for s -

Since

I where Fy = yield strength of the steel

--I then
t = thickness of tube wall

•
I EXAMPLE: A single plate is to be used to connect a W24x68 beam to a IOxlO in. tube column

.1 with a wall thickness of 5/ 8 in. The connection design results in a plate 18-in. deep with a

service load moment at the weldment of 600 in.-k. Determine if the tube wall is thick enough to
I
.. 17
.I
I
..
support this plate moment. The tube has a yield strength of 46 ksi, and the E70X welds are

3/ 8-in. fillets .

Check Tube Wall Thickness

I
,
The factored moment for ASD is 1.5 times the service load moment,

Mu • I.S x 600 • 900 in.-k

so
treq'd •

I
•I • 0.5 16 < 0.625 in. O.K.

., Check the Effective Weld Size (See Reference II, p. 214)

a max eff • 1.89 F y F;;-

[
twall]

I
.. • 1.89 [46 x 0.;;5]

• 0.78 > 0.375 in. O.K.

I If treq'd were greater than twall' a WT could be substituted for the single plate.

Alternatively, the single plate could be utended through the tube column as shown in Figure 6

1 where with the moment and shear at the bolt line known, the welds on the near and far side of

-
the tube may be designed using ASD Table XIX or LRFD Table xvm.
A first-order, conservative, adjustment in the plastic moment capacity in the lube wall due

--
to an axial load in the column can be made by replacing Fy in the above formula with Fy where

•- wbere P • col umn axial load

I
.-I
PY - column yield load

When a single plate is welded only to the girder web (as shown in Figure la) to form a one-

sided connection that is not welded to the girder nange (as shown in Figure Ie) and the plate

.. 18
J
I depth is significantly less than the girder depth, the girder web thickness should be checked to

determine if it is thick enough to support the single plate bending moment and shear. An

approximate yield line model with notation is shown in Figure 8. For this model

I
, Since

Then
M _ 4m
u u
d(2d - a)
d-a

I
•I treq'd -

EXAMPLE: A coped W24x68 beam with a single plate connection frames into a W30xl08 girder

"I
(tweb - 0.545 in.) to form a one-sided connection similar to Figure 2c; however, the plate is not

welded to the top flange of the girder. Check the web of the A36 steel girder for adequate

.. strength. The factored moment is 900 in.-k and the end shear is 51 kips. The plate is 18-in. deep

with 3/8-in. fillet welds. With a - 18 in., d - 28 in., and Fy - 36 ksi

,/.
I treq'd - [ 900
36(28(56-18»)
1- 0.485 in.
2g - 18

1 - 0.485 < 0.545 in. O.K.

I Check effective weld size as in the tube column example.

References 12 and 13 present similar yield line analyses.

--I Remarks

When one-sided single plate connections are designed, the flexibility of the supporting

structure can significantly reduce the connection moment It is beyond the scope of this paper to
• include the relative flexibility of the beam and connection to the supporting structure; however,
I using the basic equations of struCtural mechanics, this flexibility may often be easily estimated and

.1 used to develop economical connection designs.

I 19

eI
I I
I \
\
. 12

~-- / -
- ....-t... \-
M •
U
e /
/ \\ .1'4 d

I.' \ -
I
,
I /-ol \, \
I /
/ / '\
I ,\
r!_ '.i
b/2 biZ
Notation

I d • depth of girder web

a - depth of single plate
Mu • factored single plate moment
8 • plate rotation

• b - yield line variable length t:. • plate end displacement

I Figure 8. Girder Web Yield Line Model

) Alternatively, when one-sided single plate connections are used to connect beams to spandrel

girders which, for example. support a panel or curtain wall, the connection stiffness and moment

I capacity may be sufficient to counter the moment in the outrigger beam supporting the wall. To

.. evaluate the connection stiffness and strength, the moment-rotation data for the single plates may

be determined from Reference 1.

In composite beam design. if negative reinforcement over the girder is used as shown in

Figure 9, the single plate moment may be reduced significantly.

Nes,ative reinforcement provides

continuity under II.., load and
r'!duces joint rotation..

I
•
I
.1 TypicaJ Interior Support TypicaJ EJrterior Support

Figure 9. Composite Beam Connections

I
.. 20
..
I
.. CHAPTER 3

I
, SINGLE PLATE CONNECTION DESIGN EXAMPLES

I
•
I
)
I
..
I
..
.,
I

I
•
I
••I
..
J
I ASD DESIGN EXAMPLE I
"
.. Beam:
Span;
W24 x 68, A36 Steel, S - 154 in'
24', Laterally Supported
LOading: Uniform Load with W a 102 k

ASD Design Procedure

f ,,
,, I
,I

I
, Select A36 plate with tplate - 3/ 8" (tweb - O.4IS")

2 Try 3/ 4" A32SN bolts (either snug or fully tightened) in standard holes
I ~ -[nm-
•
20
.

I R- 102 _ 51k
2
Slk
nreq'd - --k - 6 bolts
9.28

"I 3 [~)ref - 0.06 ~- 0. 15 - 0.S7

.. [iie) - 0.S7 x 65 x [(00)°

IS3
.• - 0.577
With pitch - 3", h - (6 - I) x 3 - IS"
e - 0.577 x 15 - 8.65"
I
.. 4 For a - 3", V R - 51 k
2

M - 51 x (8.65 + 3) - 594.4 in.-k

.,
I 0.;7~ ~8~8>
5 fb - - 19.6 ksi < 22 ksi

fv - 0.37~\ 18 - 7.56 ksi < 14.4 ksi

6 fr - ( 19.4> + 7.56,),1: - 20.98 ksi

70XX weld req'd = 20.80~9~·375 - 8-.5 sixteenths
I
• Use 5/16" fillets each side .

I 7 Alternate Weld Design. Use ASD AISC Table XIX.

t - 18", ata 11.65, a - 11.65/ 18 - 0.647, C - 0.632

.1 70XX weld req'd - I. x

Use 5/16" fillets each side.
0.~j2 x 18 - 4.48 sixteenths

I
.. 21
J
I
.. ASD DESIGN EXAMPLE 2

Beam:
Span:
W24 It 62, A572 Grode SO Steel, S • 131 in'
24', Laterally SuPPOrted
LOadi og: Uoiform Load with W • 120k
:i '
:, '

I
, ASD Desigo Procedure

Select A36 plate with tplate • 7/ 16" (tweb .0.430")

(tweb - equiv • 0.430 It SO/ 36 - 0.597")

I
•, 2 Try 7/ 8" A32SN bolts (either soug or fully tightened) in st:llldard holes

~. (n/U6).
R _ 120 _ 60k
2
2.0

60k

",
nreq'd - - - - 5 bolts
12.63 k

3 [~)ref - 0.06 ~ - 0.15 - 0.57 (From A36 Design Curve)

.. e)
[ it - 0.57 It 55 It (175)0
With pitch - 3", h - (5 - I)
~
ill .• -
It
0.64

3 - 12", and Fy - SO ksi

I e - 0.642 It 12 It - 5.53

.. 4 for a - 3", V - R • 60 k
M - 60 It (5.53 + 3) • 512 in.-k

.,
I 6

7
fv - 0.437~ It 15 - 9.14 ksi < 14.4 ksi

fr - (20.8' + 9.141 )1/2 - 22.6 ksi

70XX weld req'd _ 22.6 It 0.4375 _ 10 7 sixteeoths

I 0.928 .

• Use 3/8" rtJlets each side .

I 8 Alternate Weld Design. Used ASD AlSC Table XIX.

t - 15, at - 8.53 , a - 8i~5 _ 0.57 , C - 0.71

.1 70XX weld req'd - I. x

Use 3/ 8" fillets each side.
06JI x 15 - 5.63 sixteenths

I
.. 22
J
I
.. ASD DESIGN EXAMPLE 3

Beam:
Span:
WI6 x 40, A36 Steel with 4· Slab,
24', Laterally Supported
LOading: Unifonn Load with W - 61.9 k
Str - 92.9 in>

I
, ASD [)e$ign Procedure

Select A36 plate with [plate - 5/16· (tweb - 0.307")

Try 3/4· A325N boilS (either snug or fully tightened) in standard holes
I 2

~ - [~} [ 156) -
•I R _ 6~.9 _ 30.9k
2.4 > 2.0

., nreq'd -
309
k9.28
k
- 4 boIlS

I 3 (~]ref ~ - 0.15 -

..
- 0.06 0.714

(iie) - 0.714 x 54x [1(0)'

92.9 " - 0.589
With pitch - 3·, h - (4 - I) x 3 - 9", and F y - 36 ksi
e - 0.589 x 9 - S.30·

I
.. 4 For a - 3·, V - R _ 3O.9 k
M - 30.9 x (5.30 + 3) - 256 in.-k

I 5

•• 6 fy - 0.31~~·~ 12 - 8.24 ksi < 14.4 ksi

I 7 f r - (22.8 1 + 8.24 1)1/1 - 24.2 ksi

• 70XX weld reQ'd _ 24.2 ;.9~3125 _ 8.13/sixteenths

I Use 5/16· fillets each side .

•1
I
.. 23
J
I
..
ASD DESIGN EXAMPLE 4

Beam: W21 x 44 with 5-1 / 2" x 1/ 2" plate.

A572 Grade 50 Steel with 4" slab.
St 481 in', Senp - 406 in'
2

(Refer to Ref. 3, p. 133)

I
,
Span: 30', Laterally Supported
LOiiding: Uniform with W - 130 k

ASD Design Procedure

Select A36 plate with tpl ate - 3/ 8" (tweb = 0.348")

I lequiv - 0.348 x (50/ 36) - 0.483, so A36 plate controls]

•I 2 Try 3/ 4" A490N boilS either snug or fully tightened in standard holes

., R = I~O _ 65.0k

I
..
65
nreq'd - 12.4 - 6 boilS

3 [~)ref = 0.06 ~ - 0.15 - 0.697

I [ !!)-0697X [§)x (100)0

481 .• x (406)1/ '

..
h . 5 481
= 0.410
With pitch - 3", h - (6-1) x 3 - IS"
e - 0.410 x IS - 6.15

4 For a = 3", V - R _ 65.0 k

I M - 65.0 x (8.6 1 + 3) - 594 in-k

·1
6 fv = 0.3~g·~ 18 - 9.63 ksi < 14.3 ksi
I
• 7 fr = (19.57' + 9.63'),/ 1 - 21.8 ksi
700XX weld req'd _ 2 1.8 x 0.375 _ 8.79 sixteenths
I 0.93

Use 5/16" fillets each side

.1
24
I
..
.I
I
..
ASD DESIGN EXAMPLE 5

Beam: WI6 x 40, A36 Steel

Span; 24', Laterally Supported
I:Oa"""ding: Uniform Load with W • 52k

I
,
ASD DesigD Procedure

Select A36 plate with tplate • 5/16" (tweb • 0.305")

2 Try 7/8" A307 bolt3 in stlDdard holes

I
-
R. 52. 26k
2
Dreq'd • .1§... S bolt3
I 6.0k

3 For 3" pitch, h • 12". At 1.5 times working load,

"I
WI.' h 1.5 x 52 x (24 x 12)1 12
t.top bolt· 1.5 x 24EI x 2· 24 x 30 x 10' x SI8 x T· 0.103
'" 0.1 0", say O.K.

..
e. [5 x 12) [20 x 12) .234
384 16 .

4 For a • 3", V • R • 26
M • 26 x (2.34 + 3) • 139 in.-k
I
.. 5 f 6 x 139
b.0.316xI51.11.

0.31~6x
86 ks'1 <
22.0 ks'1

I 6 fv • IS • S.s5 ksi < 14.4 ksi

-, 7 fr • (11.861 + 5.551)1/> - 13.09 ksi

70XX weld req'd. 13·090.~30.316. 4.41 sixteenths

I Use 3/16" nUets each side.

-I
J
I 15

eI
J
I
..
ASD DESIGN EXAMPLE 6 (Refer to Figure Ic and Example I)

Beam: W24 x 68, A36 Steel, S - 154 in'

Span: 24'. Laterally Supported
LOading: Uniform Load with W - 102k
Girder: W30 x 132

I
, ASD Design PTocedure

Select A36 plate with tplate • 3/8· (tweb • 0.416·)

I 2 Try 3/ 4· A325N bolts (either snug or fully tightened) in standard holes

-I
~. (~)t(~). 2.0
R. I02 .5I k
2

.....
51 k
) n......·d • - - . 6 bolts
-.~ 9.2S k

I (~)ref • ~ - 0.15 •

..
~
3 0.06 0.57 Vl4068
~

[he) • 0.57 x 6:s x (100)°

153 .• • 0.577
I
V30*1J2

With pitch. 3·, h • (6 - I) x 3 • 15·

e • 0.577 x IS - 8.65·
I
4 Allow 1/ 2· clearance between girder and beam f1anges. With 2· edge dist:Ulcc in plate
1 and beam web, and 1-1/ 2" end disClllces, use S-3/ 4 x 3/8 x 1'-6· plate.

I 5 Check plate stresses at end of beam

-.
M • 51 x (S.65 + 2.0) - 544 in.-k
fb • 0.~7~ ;~S2 • 17.9 ksi < 22 ksi

fv • 0.37;\ 18 - 7.56 ksi < 14.4 ksi

I
-I
6 From ASD AlSC Table XXV with t. IS· and Kt • 4-1 /2", then x • 0.025
Therefore xl • 0.45
ow at • 8.65 + 2 + 1/2 + 6 - 0.45 • 16.75", so that a • 0.93
From Table XXV; C • 0.310
70XX weld req'd. I x o.jio x 18 ·9.14 sixteenths
J Use 5/16" fillets each side all around.

I
.. 26
J
I ASD DESIGN EXAMPLE 7 (Refer to Figure Id and Example 1)

.. Refer to the connection design shown in Figure Id with the same beam as in Example I. The
shear and moment at the bolt line are 51 k and 441 in-k .• respectively. The beam frames into the
weak axis of a W14x145 column.

I Plate Dimensions

, A
Y II

I - "-
-
......"

I ,: l
Ii )
~
~

"I ~

--
.. --'"

A
•
II
/I
[I

I
.. 11/2'~
r- 6' -l
I 1 1/2' -j 2'

-. •
T •• j.~ )
I
-• •
lS'

1 ••
-4-41 In-I.

<boli: line sheClr a.nd ,",o",eni:)

J
I 27

eI
J
•.. ASD Design Procedures

Design Steps I through 4 are same as for Example 1.

I
, 5 Check plate stresses at edge of flange plates
M - 441 + (51. x 2) - 543 in.-k
fb - 0.;7~ ;4~Sl - 17.S ksi < 22 ksi

I fv - 0.37;\ IS - 7.55 ksi < 14.4 ksi

-• 6 Design welds using AISC Manual Table xxm, p. 4-S0.

l - IS and Kl = 6'
From the table with K - 6/ IS - 0.33, x - 0.0665 so that xl - 1.20".
From Example I the eccentricity was S.65" so that
) al - S.65 + (2 + 6 + 1-1 / 2) - 1.20 - 16.9S" and
a - I ~'iS _ 0.943

I From the Table XXIII, C - 0.492

.. 7
70XX weld req'd - 0.49;lx IS - 5.76 sixteenths
Use 3/16" fillets all around .

Use 3/ S" flange plates with 3/ 16" fiUet welds to the column.
I
1
I
-.
I
-
I
J
I
.. 2S
J
I ASD DESIGN EXAMPLE &

.. Refer to connection design shown in Figure 6 with the same beam as in Example I. The shear
and moment at the bolt line are 51. k and 441 in-k. Design the plate welds for a 12x12xl / 2 tube
column (F y - 46 ksi) for a design extending the plate through the column.

I Use ASD AISC Table XIX, p. 4-76. From Example I, e - 8.65 and t - 18.

, Then at - (8.65 + 3. + 5) - 16.65", kl - 10.

Thus a - 1~.~5 _ 0.925 and k _ ~~ _ 0.555.

From Table XIX, C - 0.624.

I
•I 70XX weld req'd - 0.62!\ 18 - 4.54 sixteenths

Use 5/16" fillets on the beam side of column; 3/&" bevel on the opposite side.

) V // // // // // (
~ ~
I ~
.. V
~
~ / / L'L // // /
~
~
~
-=
~
----------
---------
•

I
1 r-ri - - - -' - --+-I +",---1_....,
1
' ----------...,
I I I~ +
II +
.. I
I
I
I v
I v
I
1-+
I
~ +
+
I I
I
I
I V M
• I I ~
-+- - -- - --+.1'-r-----"
-+
I I
I
I
I
I I
J : , I
I
.. 29
J
•.. LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE I

Beam:
Span:
W24 x 68, A36 Steel, S _ 154 in"
24', Laterally Supported
LOading: Factored Uniform Load _ IS9 k
,t'
,,
,'

I
,
LRFD Design Procedure

Select A36 plate with tplate - 3/8" (tweb - O.4IS')

-••
2 Try 3/ 4' A32SN bolts (either snug or fully tightened) in smndard holes

~ -(nW- 2.0

R _ 1~9 _ 79.5k

79 Sk
) nreq'd - IS:Sk - 6 bolts

•.. 3 (~)ref - 0.06 ~ - O.IS - 0.57

(iie) - 0.57 x 65 x (100)°"

' IS3 - 0.S8

•..
With pitch - 3', h - (6 - I) x 3 - IS"
e - 0.58 x IS - 8.6S'

4 For a - 3", V • R • 79.S k

M - 79.S x (8.6S + 3) • 927.3 io.-k

•-. 5 fb -

fv •
0~;/;7i~.
0.3J~·~
- 30.5 ksi < 32.4 ksi O.K.

18 • 11.8 ksi < 20.2 ksi O.K.

-I•
6 From LRFD AISC Table xvrn p. S-91 with at - 8.65 + 3 • 11.6S, a _ I ~.:5 - 0.6S,
then C - 1.04
70XX weld req'd - 1.04 x7~ ..~ x 18 - 4.2S sixteenths
Use 5/16' fillets each side.

J
I
.. 30
J
I LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 2

Beam:
Span:
W24 x 62, AS72 Grade SO Steel, S - 131 inl
24', Laterally Supported
:I '
,,
•,
LOading: Factored Uniform Load - 176 k

I
,
LRFD Design Proc:edure

Select A36 plate with tplate - 7/16" (tweb - 0.430")

(tweb - lequiv - 0.430 x 50/36 - 0.597")

I
-I
2 Try 7/8" AJ25N boIlS (either snug or fully tightened) in st:lndard holes

~ - [~}U6) - LO
R _ 176 _ 88k
2
) KSk
nreq' d - - - - 5 bolts
21.lk

I
.. 3 (~)ref - 0.06 ~ - 0.15 -
[iie) - 6 x (175)0
0.57 x 5 ill .•
0.57

- 0.642

•1 4
With pitch - 3", h - (5 - I) x 3 - 12", and Fy - SO ksi
e - 0.642 x 12 x ~ - S.SS"

For a - 3", V - R _ KSk

M - 88 x (5.55 + 3) - 752 in.-k

I
-. 5 fb -

fv -
0.4~7x5 7;~5l
0.437~8 x
- 30.6 ksi < 32.4 ksi O.K.

15 - 13.4 ksi < 20.2 ksi O.K.

I
-I
6 fr - (30.61 + 13.41)1/1 - 33.4 ksi
70XX weld req'd _ 33.4
Use 3/S" fillets each side.
~.3~4375 - 10.5 sixteenths

J
I
31

eI
J
•.. LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 3

Beam:
Span;
LOading:
WI6 x 40, A36 Steel with 4" Slab,
24', Laterally Supported
Factored Uniform Load - lOOk
Str - 92.8 in'

,•
LRFD Design PTocedure

Select A36 plate with tplate - 3/8" (tweb - 0.307")

•- 2 Try 3/ 4" A32SN boilS (either snug or fully tightened) in standard holes

~ - (~}(O.307) -

•)
2.44 > 2.0
R _ 100 _ SOk
2
SOk
nreq'd - - - - 4 boilS
15.5k

•.. 3 (~)ref -
e)
[ it -
0.06

0.714 x
~
S4 x
- 0.15·0.7 14

[ 100
92.8
)0.• ·0.589

•..
With pitch. 3", h • (4 - I) x 3 • 9", and Fy - 36 ksi
e - 0.589 x 9 • 5.30"

4 For a • 3", V • R • SOk

M - SO x (5.30 + 3) - 415 in.-k

•-. 5 fb • 0.~7~ ~1~21 • 30.7 ksi < 32.4 ksi

fv • 0.37;Ox 12 • 11.11 ksi < 20.2 ksi

6 fr • (30.7 1 + 11.11 1)1/1.32.6 ksi

I
-
I
70XX weld req'd • 32.6 t3~·375 • 8.81 sixteenths
Use 5/16' rlliets each side.

J
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.. 32
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LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 4

Beam: WZI x 44 with 5-1 / 2" x I / Z" plate

AS72 Grode SO Steel with 4" slab
St - 4S1 in', Stnp - 406 in'

,•
(Refer to Ref. 3, p. 133)
Span: 30 ft ., Laterallv Supported
t:Oailing: Uniform with w _ Zook

LRFD Design Procedures

••
Select A36 plate with tpl ate -3/ S" [tweb - 0.34S"
tequiv - 0.34S x (50/ 36) - 0.4S3, so A36 plate controls]

•.-
Z Try 3/ 4" A32Sll bolts either snug or fully tightened in standard holes

•..
100
nreq'd - --k - 5 bolts
ZO.7

3 ~
[ )ref - 0.06 ~ - 0. 15 - 0.697

[ ~] [~]

•..
- 0697 x x 100) •.• X (406)1/ ' a 0340
h . 5 4S1 4S1 .
With pitch - 3", h - (5-1) x 3 - IZ"
e - 0.340 x IZ - 4.0S

4 For a - 3", V _ R _ lOOk

M - 100 x (4.0S + 3) - 70S in - k

••• 5

6
fb - 0.~7~ ~0~S2

100
- 33.5 ksi· -32.4 ksi O.K .

fv - 0.375 x IS - 17.S ksi < 19.4 ksi

••
7 Use LRFD AISC Table XVrtl.
t - IS, at (70S/ I00) - 7.0S, a - 7.0S/ IS = 0.472 , C - 1.36
70XX weld req'd - I.~~ IS - 4.90

•J Use 5/16" fillets each side.

33

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..
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 5

Beam: WI6 x 40, A36 Steel

Span: 24', Laternlly Supported
LOading: Factored Uniform Load _ 90 k

I
, LRFD De3ign Procedure

Select A36 plate with tplate - 5/ 16" (tweb - 0.305")

I 2 Try 7/ 8" A307N bolts in standard holes

•I R _ 90 _ 4Sk
2

0req'd - k
45
- 5 bolts
9.7

.-I 3 For 3" pitcll, h - 12"

Wi' h (24 x 12)2 12
~top bolt - 24EI x 2 - 90 x 24 x 30 x 10' x 518 x T -
_"
0.12 - 0. 10 say O.K.

.., 4
e _ (5 x 12) (20 x 12) _ 2.34
384 16

For a - 3", V - R - 45
M - 45 x (2.34 + 3) - 240 io.-k

.., 5 fb - O.~I~ ~4f5'

5
- 20.2 ksi < 32.4 ksi

fv - 0.31: x 15 - 9.60 ksi < 20.2 ksi

., 6 fr - (11.86' + 5.55')1/ ' - 22.4 ksi

70XX weld req'd _ 22.4\\g.316 _ 5.08 sixteenths
Use 3/ \6" fiUeu eacll side.

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34

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I LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 6 (Refer to Figure Ib and Example I)

.. Beam:
Span:
Loading:
Girder:
W24 x 68 , A36 Steel, S = 154 in'
24', Laterally Supported
Factored Uniform Load - 159 k
W30 x 132

I
, LRFD Design Procedure

Select A36 plate with tplate - 3/ 8' (tweb - 0.416')

I
-
2 Try 3/ 4' A32SN boIlS (either snug or fully tightened) in standard holes

~- [~Hn- 2.0
I R _ 1~9 _ 79.6k

•••
I 3
nreQ'd -

[~lef -
79.6k _ 6 bollS
IS.Sk

0.06 ~ - 0.15 - 0.57

............. \oI!4.q

[iie) - 0.57 x 65 x (100)° .• - 0.577 l

1130*132
153
With pitch - 3', h - (6 - I) x 3 - 15"
I e - 0.576 x 15 - &.65'

.. 4 Allow 1/ 2' clearance between girder and beam flanges . With 2' edge distance in plate
and beam web, and 1-1 /2' end distances. use 8-3/ 4 x 3/ 8 x 1'-6' plate .

•-. 5 Check plate stresses at end of beam

M - 79.5 x (8.65 + 2.0) - 847 in.-k

fb -

fv -
0.~7~ !4;81
0.3Jr;
- 27.9 ksi < 32.4 ksi

18 - 11.8 ksi < 20.2 ksi

I
-I
6 From LRFD AISC Table XXIV with l - 18' and Kl - 4.5', then x - 0.026
Therefore xl - 0.468
Now at • 8.65 + 2 + 1/ 2 + 4.5 - 0.468 - 15.2', so that a - 0.84
From Table XXIV p. 5-109; C - 0.572
70XX weld reQ'd - I x 0:;7~ x 18 - 7.72 sixteenths
J Use 1/4' fillets each side all around.

I
.. 35
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I LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 7

Refer to the connection design shown in Figure ld with the same beam as in Example 1. The
-I shear and moment at the bolt line are 79.6k and 688 in.-k., respectively. The beam frames into
the weak axis of a Wl4xl45 column.

,•
Plate Dimensions

..
Y II
II

••
...... >-""--

•J ...
I:::
It 1 ) •).

•.. V'-

."
y
II
II
-
I
..
•-. -.....-
~
~
I t
• 18'
t
•J _I....-
~
~
<bolt line shec.r c.nd MOMent)

•-I 36
.I
I
.. LRFD Design Procedures

Design Steps I through 4 are the same as for Example I.

1
, 5 Check plate stresses at edge of flange plates
M - 688 + (79.6 x 2) - 847. in.-k

fb - 0.j7~ :4i8' - 27.9 ksi < 32.4 ksi

0.3;f"~
I fv - 18 - 11.8 ksi < 20.2 ksi

•I 6 Design welds using AISC Manual Table XXII, p. 5-103, l - 18 and Kl - 6"
From the table with K - 6/ 18 - 0.33, x - 0.0665 so that xl _ 1.20".
From Example I the eccentricity was 8.65" so that
at - 8.65 + (2 + 6 + 1.5) - 1.20 - 16.95" and
.1 a - 1~'i5 - 0.94
From the Table XXII, C - 0.80

I 9
70XX weld req'd - 0.86 : 18 - 5.53 sixteenths

.. 7
Use 3/16" fillets all around •

Use 3/ 8" flange plates with 3/ 16" fillet welds to the column.

1
..
1
·1
1
•
I
.1
1
.. 37
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,
..
LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 8

Refer to connection design shown in Figure 6 with the same beam as in Example 1. The sheaf
and moment at the bolt line are 79.5.k and 688 in-k. Design the plate welds for a 12x12xl /2
rube column (F y - 46 ksi) for a design extending the plate through the column.

I
,
Use ASD AISC Table XIX, p. 4-76. From Example I, e - 8.65 and t - 18.
Then at - (8.65 + 3. + 5) - 16.65", kt - 10.

Thus a - 1~.:5 _ 0.925 and k - :~ - 0.555.

From Table XVIII, C - 1.01

I
•I 70XX weld req'd - 1.;9/
18
- 4.38 sixteenths

Use 5/16" iillets aD the beam side of column; 3/8" bevel aD tbe opposite side.

.I'
Alternatively, extend plate and use iille! welds on both sides of the column .

/ / / / / / / / / (/
~ ~
<

.., ~
/
~
~

/'
~
~

"rt'
===-~---:....-:.... .-... ,.
/) / / / / / / / / /.

.., I
~r-------~
•
' I I

., I
I
I
I
I
I ,
+
..-
,• ..-
I I
I I ~
I I , ..- ... ,.
I I
I
I
I ..-
I I
-~------+
I
I ..- V M

I I
I I
.1
, I
I •
I
!
38

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..
REFERENCES

I. Richard, R. M, P. E. Gillett, J. D. Kriegh and B. A. Lewis, "The Analysis and Design of

Single Plate Framing Connections," Engineering Journal , AlSC, Vol. 7, No.2, Second
Quarter, 1980.

I
, 2.

3.
Richard, R. M., J. D. Kriegh and D. E. Hormby, 'Design of Single Plate Framing
Connections with A307 Bolls," Engineering Journal, AiSC, Vol. 19, No. 4, Fourth Quarter,
1982.

Hormby, D. E., R . M . Richard, and J. D. Kriegh, 'Single Plate Framing Connections with
Grade 50 Steel and Composite Construction," Engineering Journal, AISC, Vol. 21, No.3,
I Third Quarter, 1984 .

•I 4. American blSlitUle o[ Steel Construction, ' Specification for the Design, Fabrication 3nd
Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings," Chicago, H1inois, November 1978.

.-I
5. American fnstitUl e o[ Steel Construction, "Steel Connections%/ Details and Relative Costs,"
1981.

6. Lewitt, C. W., E. Chesson, Jr., and W. H. Munse, "Restraint Characteristics of Flexible

Riveted and Bolted Beam - To-Column Connections," Engineering Experimell/ Sta/lon
Bul/etin 500, College of Engineering, University of Illinois, 1969.

.. 7.

8.
"Discussion of Reference 2," Engineering Journal, AISC, Vol. 22, No. I, First Quarte r,
1985 .

Young, N. W. and R . O. Disque, "Design Aids for Single Plate Framing Connections,"
Engineering Journal, AlSC, Vol. 18, No. 4, Fourth Quarter, 1981.

I
..
9. Lorenz, R. F. and F. W. Stockwell, 'Concrete Slab Stresses in Partial Composite Beams and
Girders," Engineering Journal, AISC, Vol. 2 1, No. 3, Third Quarter, 1984 .

10. Abolitz, A. L. and M. E. Warner, 'Bending Under Seated Connections," Enginee"ng

Journal, AISC, January 1965.

1 II. Salmon, C. G ., and J. E. Johnson , Steel Structures, Desigll and Behavior, Second Edition,
Harper and Row, 1980.

·1 12. Stockwell, Frank W., Jr., "Yield Line Analysis of Column We bs with Welded Beam
Connections," Engineering Journal , AISC, First Quarter, 1974.

13. Kapp, Richard H. , "Yield Line Anal ys is of a Web Connection in Direc t Tension,"
1 Engineering Journal, AISC, Second Quarter, 1974 .

• 14. Elsal!i, Maher KH., Simplified Single Plate Connection Designs, Master of Science in Civil

I Engineering Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics,

University of Arizona, Nov. 1988. Directed by Professo r R . M. Richard .

•1
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I
,
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•
I
.-I
APPENDIX A

SIMPLrFlED DESIGN PROCEDURE

FOR SINGLE PLATE FRAMING CONNECTIONS

..
I
..
•••
I
•
I
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eI
..
I
.. APPENDIX A

SIMPLIFIED DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR SINGLE PLATE FRAMING CONNECTIONS

I
, A. I Design Criteria for U,e Plate: (same as in chapter 2)

A. 1.1 Use ASTM A36 steel plate for ductility with a single rOW of bolts.

I A. 1.2 For either snug tight or fully tightened high-strength bolts in standard round holes,

•I design ductility into the connection by providing the following geometric properties:

oLH > 2 RequJre

. d to prevent tenSIon
. tearing.
.

D > 2 to prevent the bolt shear mode of failure for A325 bolts.
) t

D > 1.5 Required to prevent the bolt shear mode of failure for A490 bolts.
t

I where:

.. LH ~ distance from the bolt center line to the edge plate and/ or beam web .

D = bolt diameter.

t = plate or beam thickness, whichever is smaller.

I or refer to Table [3], [4].

.. If beam is Grade 50, twebequiv = tweb x 50/ 36

A. 1.3 If the holes are slotted, constraints in A.1.2 are not required , so use standard edge

.,
I
A.1.4
distance (AISC ASD Specification Table \.16.5. 1 and LRFD Table 13.7).[1]

If the beam web thickness controls in A.1.2 above, and the beam is coped, the block

shear mode of failure should be checked. Generally, this failure mode will not control

the design because the bolts are in single shear, but may if the connection depth is
I
• less than one-half the beam depth.[ I]

I A.1.5 If A307 bolts are used in standard round holes, limit the maximum bolt distortion to

less than 0.10 inches as shown in Figure (4). That is, maintain t.topbolr =

.1 <Psimplebeam x (h/ 2) < 0.10 in., where <Psimplebeam = (wL')/ (24E I) for uniforml y

distributed loads.[ I]
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..
A. I .6 If snug tight A325 and A490 bolts are used in either short or long slotted holes, the

center holes of the bolt pattern need not be slotted. This detail can be useful for

alignment of the structure during erection.[I]

I
, A.2 Design Criteria for the Bolts (same as chapter 2)

A.2.1 Compute the number of bolts required by dividing the beam shear by the allowable

bolt load.

I A.2.2 Use only a single rOW of bolts .

•I
A.3 Design Criteria for the Weldment (same as chapter 2)

A.3. 1 If full y tightened A325 or A490 bolts are used in either round or slotted holes, Or if

.' snug tight A325 or A490 bolts are used in standard holes, compute the bolt line

I moment as follows:

.. I.

2.
Select plate thickness ± 1/ 16 in. of supported beam web .

tpl ate = tweb ± 1/ 16

Compute number of bolts required based upon beam shear and allowable bolt loads.
I
.. 3. Enter the Bolt Line Moment Table A-I (ASD) or A-2 (LRFD) with diameter and number

of bolts and web thickness to find Mbolt

FOR pitch different than 3. in., multiply Mbolt by the ratio, pitch/3.

I
, 4. If the beam is not uniformly loaded , increase the Mboit or the eccentricity using the

coefficient from Table A-3; that is,

(Mbolt )conc • (Mbolt)u niform x coefficient

I 5. Compute the moment at the weld line, Mconn ' as follows:

• Mconn = Mbolt + R x a

I where

.-
R = beam shear force .

a = distance from the bolt line to the center of gravity of the weldment.

6. Check the plate normal and shear stresses;

I
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I
..
4 x Mconn Ks', (
fb ~ t b' < 22.0 ASD)
4 x M
- t b~onn < 32.4 Ksi (LRFO)

fy - :t < 14.4 Ksi (ASD)

I
,
R
< 19.4 Ksi (LRFO)
b t
where t and b are the plate thickness and depth, respectively.

7. Design the weldment based upon the resultant of the normal and shear stresses from step

I 7:

-I
er - lre'b + r'yJo.•
70XX weld req'd
fr x t
- 2 x 0.93 sixteenths (ASD)
) -
frx t
....:.~~ sixteenths (LRFO)
2 x 1.39

I which gives the size of fillet welds on each side of the plate.

.. 8.

A.3.2
Alternatively, the weld may be designed using the ASIC Manual eccentrically loaded weld

group design aids.

If A307 boilS in standard holes or snug tight A325 Or A490 boilS in slotted holes are
I
.. used, compute the beam eccentricity e as shown in Figure (5) as follows:

where
I
-, n = number of boilS

h - depth of bolt pattern

L = length of beam

I
-
d = depth of beam (total depth of composite beams)

Table A-4 provides the eccentricity depending on number of boilS and Li d ratio (the

I span divided by the beam depth). With e known calculate the bolt line moment and

complete the design starting with Step 4 above.

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.. A.3.3 For cases included in A.3.2, if the beam is of Grade 50 steel, reduce the eccentricity

by the ratio of steel strength; that is,

es• - e,. x (36150)

I
, A.3 .4 For cases included in A.3.2, the connection moment at the weld line as shown in

Figure (5) is equal to

Mconn - R x (a+e)

where
I
•I R - beam reaction

a - distance from the bolt line to C.G. of the weldment as in Figure (3).

e - eccentricity from A.3.2

"I
Check the plate normal and shear stresses;
6 x Mconn
fb = t b1 < 22.0 Ksi (ASD)

..
6 x Mconn
- t b1 < 32.4 Ksi (LRFD)

fv - bRt < 14.4 Ksi (ASD)

- bRt < 19.4 Ksi (LRFD)

I
..
where t and b are the plate thickness and depth, respectively.

A .3.S If the beam is not uniformly loaded, increase the Mbolt or the eccentricity using the

coefficient from Table A-3 which is from Reference I; that is,

I (Mbolt)conc - (Mbolt)uniform x coefficient

.. or econc - euniform x coefficient

A.4 Beam Lid Limits a.o d End Rotation

A.4.1 Noncomposite Beams

I To insure connection ductility by avoiding bolt shear and tension tearing of the plate
• or beam web when using high-strength bolts, in standard holes, it recommended that
I beam end rotations should be limited to a rotation that causes 0.2-in. deformation at

J the outer bolts, as shown in Figure (4), at 1.5 times the service load for ASD or at the

factored load for LRFD.

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..
A.4 .2 Simple Beam End Rotation Based on the L/360 Criterion:

The end rotation for simple beam is given by the formula

~ - (wL'}/ (24EI)

I
,
where

w - uniform load per unit length

L - beam span

E - Young's Modulus
I I - Beam Moment of (nenia (Transformed for Composite Beams)
•
I The midspan denection is

6 - (5/ 384XwL4}/ (EI) - (120/ 384) L

.' with 6 - L/ 360, then ~ - 0.00889

So for connections with pitch of 3 in., at 1.5 times the service load,
I
..
t.topbolt - 1.5 x .p x h/ 2 - 1.5 x ~ x (N - I) It 3/ 2

t.topbolt - 0.02 (N - 1}:5 0.20 in .

where: N - number of bolts

I Thus for connections with 10 or less bolts this criterion is satisfied .

..
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•
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-.. TABLE A- I ASD BOLT LINE MOMENT IN INCH-K IPS

For 3/4, 7/8, I., and I 1/ 8 in. Diameter High Strength Bolts
(a) Fully Tightened in Standard Round or Slotted Holes
(b) Snug Tight in Stanoord Round Holes
and for Beam Steel Grade 36 and SO
I
, -
NO. OF
BOLTS
BEA~[ WEB THICKNESS
twe-. io.
NB 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16
I 3 80 90 110 130 160 - - -
• 4 110 150 190 240 2i5
-
3?-
_I" 360 450 -" 600
?-- 5?-
3i5 - -"
I 5
6 -
200
-400 500 650 i50 850
700
950

.-I 8
7

9
10
- - 500 725 900 1050 1200 1350
- - - 900 1050 1250 1500 1800
- - - - 1250 1600 1900 2100
- - - - - 2000 2300 2600

eI
I TABLE A -2 LRFD BOLT LINE MOMENT INCH -KIPS

.. For 3/4, 7/8, I, and I 1/ 8 in . diameter High Strength Bolts in

(a) Fully Tightened in Standard Round or Slotted Holes
(b) Snug Tight in Standard Round Holes
and for Beam Steel Grade 36 and SO

I NO . OF BEA~[ WEB THICKNESS

•• BOLTS
NB
3
4
t .....

115 130 160 185 230

160 215 2iO 350 400 465
In .
1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16
-
5/8
-
540
11/16
-
-
I 5 - 290 400 515 650 750 860 1000
• 6
7
- - 575 715 930 1075
- - 715 1050 1300 1500
1225
1725
13i5
1950
I 8 - - - 1300 1500 1800 2150 2575
9 - - - - 1800 2300 2725 3000
- - - -
J 10 - 2900 3300 3725

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.. T ABL E A- 3 CONCENTRATED LOA D ECCENTRICITY COEFFICIE NTS

I
,
TYPE Of LOADING ECCENTRIC ITY
EQUAL LDADS. EQUAL SPACES COEffICIENT

R
r 7'\
2.00

I
•
I R
r r :::z...
1.33

•I· I"C
r r r ::z\
1.33

I
.. R
rrrr 7'\
LZQ

I
..
I
-,
I
-
I
J
I
..
-'- -- e ..t_
- _e_ _e_ .. - ... -'-

TABLE 1\-4. Bolt Line Ecccn t ricities in Inches For A307 Bolls And Snug Tight High Streng t h
Bolts in Slott ed Holes For 3 in. Pit ch

NO. OF LId
DOLTS ratio
ND 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
2 0 .13 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.38 0,41 0.44 0.41
3 0.38 0.41 0.56 0 .66 0.15 0.84 0.94 1.03 1.13 1.22 1.31 1.41
<I 0.15 0.94 1.13 1.31 1.50 1.69 1.88 2.06 2.25 2.44 2.63 2.81
5 1.25 1.56 1.88 2.19 2.50 2.81 3.13 3.44 3.15 4.06 4.38 4.69
6 1.88 2.34 2.81 3 .28 3.15 4.22 4.69 5.1G 5.63 6.09 G.5G 1.03
1 2.63 3.28 3.94 4.59 5.25 5.91 G.5G 1.22 1.88 8.53 9.19 9.84
8 3.50 4.38 5.25 G.13 1.00 1.88 8.15 9.G3 10.50 11 .38 12.25 13.13
9 4.50 5.63 G.15 1.88 0.00 10.13 11.25 12.38 13.50 14.G3 15.15 1G.88
10 5 .63 1.03 8.44 9 .84 11.25 12.66 14 .06 15.41 16.88 18.28 10.69 21.09
J
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I
, PLES

•- Beam: W24:t 68, A36 Steel,

-.- Span: 24 ft, Laterally Supported

Loading: Uniform lo(\d with W = 102 I<

Simplified Design Procedure

I
..
Step
1 Steel A36 plate with 1,1.,. '= 3/8 in. (t ... , = 0.415 = 7/16) in.
2 Try 3/4 in. A325N bolu (either suug or fully tightened) in

--I standard holes

If = (3/4)/(3/8) = 2.0
R = 102/2 = 51 K
N Brct'4 = 51· /9.28 l = 6 bolt,
I 3 With pitch = 3 in., and D= 3/4 Enter Table [2J

•• "
with t = 7/16 in. and NB=6
Mconn = 500 + (51 x 3) = 653 K-in
lind 'M,.1t = 500 K-in.

I 5 I, = 4 x 6.53/(0.375 X 182 ) = 21.5 < 22. ksi

• I. = 51/(0.375 x 18) = 7.56 < 14.4 ksi

•J 6 U~ ASD AISC Table XIX.

1=18, al = (653 / 51) = 12.8 , .. = 12.8/18 = 0.71 , C
70XX weld req'd = 51 / (0.578 x 18) = 4.9 si:<:teentb,
= 0.578

-.. Use S/16 in. fillets each ,ide.

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I"I
, ASD Design Example 2

Beam: W24 x 62, A572 Grade 50 Steel, '.,,,

,, ,
f
• -I Span: 24 ft, Laterally Supported
Loading: Uniform load with W = 120 K
•

.-\1 Step
1
Simplified Design Procedure

Steel A36 plate with t,I •• < = 7/ 16 in. (twel = 0.430 = 7/16)

2 Try 7/8 in. A325N bolts (either snug or fully tightened)

eI in standard holes

If = (7/8)/(7/16) = 2.0

--I 3
R = 120/2 = 60 'K
N B r <,'4 = 60~ /12 . 63~ = 5 bolts

With pitch = 3 in. and D = 7/8 in. Enter Table [2]

with t = 7/16 in. and NB = 5 find M hl • = 350 K-in.
I 4 M eonn = 350 + (60 x 3) = 530 K-in

·1 5 h = 4 x 530/(0.4375 X 15.2 ) = 21.54 < 22. ksi

I. = 60/(0.4375 x 15) = 9.14 < 14.4 ksi

I 6 Use ASD AISC Table XU.

• 1 = 15 , al = (530 / 60) = 8.83 , then

I a = 8.3/15 = 0.589 , C = 0.686
70XX weld req'd = 60 / (0.686 x 15) = 5.83 sixteenths
J Use 3/8 in. fillets each side.

I
..
.I
1
..I:
, ASD Design Example 3

I Beam: W16 x 40, A36 Steel, with 4 in. slab,

• Span: 24 It, Laterally Supported

-.- Loading:Uniform load with W = 61.9 K

Simplified Design Procedure

Step

•• 1 Steel A36 plate with 1,1 ••• = 5/16 in. (I .... = 0.30i = 5/16)
Try 3/4 in. A325N bolt~ (either mug or fully tightened)
eI 2
in standard holes

I li- = (3/4)/(0.30i) = 2.4

.. 3
R = 61.9/2 = 30.9 K
]I B r "'4 = 30.9 1 /9.28 1 = 4 bolts
With pitch = 3 in: and D = 3/4 in. Enter Table [2J
I with I = 5/16 in. and NB =4 lind M •• II =150 K-in .
••• M...... = 150 + (30.9 x 3) = 242.7 K-in
h = 4 x 242.7/(0.3215 X 122) = 21.6 > 22. Ksi

I' I. = 30.9/(0.3125 x 12) = 8.24 < 14.4 k.si

• 6 Use ASD AISC Table XIX.

•J 1 = 12 ,al = (242.7/30.9) = 7.8.54

a = 7.854/12 = 0.655 , C = 0.625
70XX weld req'd = 30.9 / ( 0.625 x 12) = 4.12 sixteenths
Use 1/4 in. fillets each side.
I
..
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I
..
I
, ASD Design Example 4

Beam: W21 x 44, with 5-1/2 in. x 1/2 in. plate,

I A572 G[~de Steel, with 4 in. $I~b,
e
I Span: 30 Ct, Laterally Supported
Loading:UniCorm load with W = 130 K

e I· Simplified Design Procedure.

I Step

.. 1

2
Sleel A36 plate wilh t,,~1c = 3/S in. (t ... ~ = 0.348 = 3/S)in .
t ..... ,.;. = O.34S x (50/36) = 0.483 in.
Try 3/4 in. A4!lON bolts (eilher snug or fully lightened)
I
.. in standard holes
If = (3/4)/(3/S) = 2.0
R = 130/2 = 65 K

I N B rc ". = 65· /12..4· = 6 bolts

e 3 With pitch = 3 in. and D = 3/4 in. Enter Table [2J
l with t = 3/8 in. and NB = 6 find M~.II = 400 K-in.
4. M u "" = 400 + (65 x 3) = 5!l5 K-in

e
I 5 b = (4 x 595)/(0.375 x 18') = 1!l.4 < 22. ksi
I. = 65/(0.375 x 18) = 9.63 < 14.4 ksi
I 6 Use ASD AISC Table XIX , with I = IS and,

J al = (595/65) = 9.15 , a = (9.15/18) = 0.509 , C = o.TI7

70XX wdd n:q'd = 65 / (o.m x IS) = 4.65 sixleentlu

I Use S/tS in. fillels each side.

eI
J
I
-I

,• ASD Design Example S

...L J

;C.
••
I

Beam: W16 x 40, A36 Steel,

•
Span: 24 ft, Laterally Supported
Loading:Uniform load with W = 52 K o :
:

.L J
. •
,,•
~
...

•• Simplified Design Procedure

•..
Step
1 Steel A36 plate with t,lol. = 5/16 in. (twd = 0.305 = 5/16) in.
2 Try 7/S in. A307 bolts in standard holes .
R=52/2 =26 K

•.. 3
N Br.,.l = 26 t /6 t = 5 bolts
For pitch = 3 in., h = 12 in. At 1.S times working load.

fl.,."." = 1.5 x (Wr /24EI) x (h/2)

= 1.5 x {52 x (24 x 12)2/(24 x 30 x 103 x SIS)} x (12/2)

••• = 0.103 :::: O.lin. say OK

I

L/d = (24x 12) / 16 = IS , and NB = 5

Enter Table [71, find e = 2.S1
M ..nn = 26 x (2.S1 + 3) = 151 K-in
I "5 < 22.
• /. = 6 x 151/(0.316
I.
X 152 ) = 12.75 ksi

I = 26/(0.316 x IS) = 5.55 < 14.4 ksi

Use ASD AISC Table XIX.

J 1=15 , al = (2.81 + 3) = 5.81 , & = 5.S1/15 = 0.387 , C = 0.964

70XX weld req'd = 26 / (0.964 xIS) = 1.S sixteenths
I Use 1/8 in. fillets each side.

·1
J
I
..
,• ASD Design Example 6

••
Beam: W24 x 68, A36 Steel,

.............
•.-
Span: 24 Ct, Laterally Supported
Loading:UoiCorm load with W = 102 K
\(l~
'. ~
Girder: W30 x 132
11»"132 I
-------,
I Simplified Design Procedure

.I' Step
D~gn Step 1 through 3 are same u ' Cor Example 1. ASD

•.. Allow 1/2 in. dearance between prder and beam Banges.
With 2in. edge distance in plate and beam web,
and 1-1/2 in. end distances, use 8-3/4 x 3/8 x 18 in. plate
M,.~~ = 500 + (51 x 2) = 602 K-in
I J. = 4 x 602/(0.375 X 181 ) = 19.82 < 22. ksi

••• 6
I. = 51/(0.375 x 18) = 7.56 < 14.4 ksi
Use ASD AISC Table XXV .

•I
•
1 = 18 in. and Kl = 4.5 in.,
then x = 0.025 , therd'ore xI = 0.45
aI = (602/51)+ 1/2 + 6 • 0.45 = 17.85
a = 17.85/18 = 0.992 , C = 0.289
J. 70XX weld req'd = 51 / (0.289 x 18) = 9.79 sixteenths

I Use 5/16 in. fillets each side ~l around •

..
J
I
..
,- ASD Design Example T

• - Beam: W24 x 68, A36 Steel,

n, Laterally Supported

•.-
Span: 24
Loading:Uniform load with W = 102 K
Column:W14 x 145
The beam frames into the weak uis of the column,

I Plate Dime'nsions:

.. •

-1
Oil
'-

II~ I)
,
.
I~
..
r

-•• •
"~

•-
I
J
-..
J
1
..
1
, Simplified Design Procedure

1 Step

-I' 4

5
Design Step 1 through 3 are same as for Example 1. ASD

Munn = 500 + (51 x 2) = 602 K-in

,. = 4 x 602/(0.375 X 18 2 ) = 19.82 < 22. ksi
) I. = 51/(0.375 x 18) = 7.56 < 14.4 ksi
6 Use ASD AISC Table XXIII.
1 1 = 18 in. and Kl = 6 in.,

eI From the table with K = ·6/18 = 0.33, then x = .0.0665

therefore xl = 1.2 in.

I al = (602/51) + 6 + 1.5 - 1.2 = 18.104 in.

.. a = 18.104/18 = 1.006
From Table XXIII, C = 0.478
70XX weld req'd = 51 / (0.478 x 18) = 5.93 sixteenths
I Use 3/16 in. fillets all around.

-I 7 Use 3/8 in. Bange plates with 3/16 fillet welds to the column.

1
-I
J
I
..
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•..
,• ASD D es ig n Example 8

B eam: W24 x 68, A36 Steel,

•- Span: 24 ft, Laterally Supported

•)
Loadi ng: Uniform load with \V = 102 K
Column :Tube 12 x 12 x 1/2 in (Fy = 46 Ksi)
Design the plate welds for a design extending
the plate through ~he column

•.. V / / / / // // L/
~
~
~
~ -
< (

----------
---------
....

•..
V
~
~ // // // // /
V
~
"Ii'

!
~ 1~--------___1
I 1-~-------~7...:....-
1
1 _...,

-. I
I
I
I
I ~
I ~
1..-
I ~
+
+
-•• I
I I

:I II r ...
","
I I A V M
, I T
I-t--------+-
' +-r---
I i
J ,
I ,I

•-I l , !
J
•..
,• Step
Simplified Design Procedure

••
Design Step 1 through 3 are same as for Example 1. ASD
The shear and moment at bolt line are

•, 4

5
R= 51 K

f~
M6011 = 500 K- in
M eonn = 500 + 51 x 3 = 653 K-in
= 4 x 653/(0.375 X 182 ) = 21.5 < 22. ksi

•.. 6
f. = 51/(0.375 x 18) = 7.56 < 14.4 ksi
Use ASD AISC Table XIX.
1 = 18 in. and Kl = 12 in.
a! = (653/51) + 6 = 18.8

•.. a = 18.8/18 = 1.04 , and K = 12/18 = 0.67

From Table XIX, C = 0.626
70XX weld req'd = 51 / (0.626 x 18) = 4.53 sixteenths

••• Use 5/16 in. fillets on beam side of column;

3/8 in. bevel on the opposite side •
Alternatively, extend plate and use fillet welds
on both sides of the column.

••
•
••
..•
..
I
.. LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE I

Beam: W24 x 68, AJ6 Steel

Span: 24 ft., Later.llly Supported
LO:lding: Factored Uniform load with W - 159 K t
',
,. ,,
:'
1
, Simplified Design Procedure

1 Steel A36 plate with tpl ate - 3/8 in . (tweb - 0.415 - 7/16) in.)

-
1
2 Try 3/4 in. A325N bolts (either snug or fully tightened) in standard holes

~ - (~H~) - 2.0
R - J~9 _ 79.5 K
) 795 k
NBreq'd - 15:Sk - 6 bolts

·1
..
3 With pitch - 3 in., and 0 - 3/4 in. Enter Table [5J
with t - 7/16 in. and NB - 6 find Mbolt - 715 K-in.
4 Meonn - 715 + (79.5 x 3) - 953.5 K-in.

s fb - 4 x 0.J~;3/18J - 31.4 < 32.4 ksi

1
.. 6
fv - 0.3;~·; 18 - 11.78 < 19.4 ksi

Use LRFD AISC Table XVIII.

1 - 18 , aJ _ (953 .5) _ 12
79.5

1 a· W) - 0.67, C - 1.01

-I 70XX weld req'd - 1.0~9; 18 - 4.37 sixteenths

Use 5/16 in. fillets each side.

1
-
1
J
I
..
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I
.. LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 2

Beam: W24 x 62, A572 Grade 50 Steel

Span: 24 ft., Laterally Supported
LOading: Factored Uniform Load with W - 176 K
I
, Step

Steel A36 pl3te with tpl ate

Simplified 'Design Procedure

Z 7/ 16" (tweb - 0.43 - 7/16)

2 Try 7/ 8" A325N bolts (either snug or fully tightened) in St:lnd3rd holes
I
-I
~ -UJ;U6) = 2.0
R 176/ 2 - 88 K
Z

88 k
NBreq'd - 21.1 k - 5 bolts
) 3 With pitch z 3 in. and 0 - 7/ 8 in. Enter Table [5]
with t = 7/ 16 in. and NB = 5 find Mbolt - 515 K-in .

••
.. 4

s
Mconn - SIS + (88 x 3) - 779 K-in

fb = 4 x
8
0.43;;~ 15 1

fv - 0.43:5 x 15 - 13.41 < 19.42 ksi

- 31.65 < 32.4 ksi

I 6 Use LRFD AISC Table XVIII.

.. a
I = 15, al - (779/ 88) • 8.85, then

z 8i~5 - 0.59, C - 1.126

•-.
70XX weld req'd - 1.12!8 15 - 5.21 sixteenths
x
Use 3/8 in. fillets each side.

-I•
J
•..
..
I
.. LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 3

Beam: WI6 It 40, A36 Steel with 4 in. Slab

Span: 24 ft., Laterally Supported
LOading: Factored Uniform Load with W - 100 K

I
, Step
Simplified Design Procedure

Steel A36 plate with tpl ate - 5/ 16 in. (tweb - 0.307 - 5/ 16)

2 Try 3/ 4 in. A325N boilS (either snug or fully tightened) in standard holes
I
-I
~ - [~]/(0.307) -
100
R~ T- 50K

50 k
2.4

NBreq'd - --k - 4 boilS

) 3
15.5
With pitch - 3 in. and D • 3/ 4 in. Enter Table [5J
with t - 5/ 16 ·in. and NB - 4 find Mbolt - 215 K - in . .
I
..,
4 Mconn - 215 + (50 It 3) - 365 K - in

5 365
fb - 4 It 0.3125 It 12' - 32.44 32.4 ksi

fv • 0.3Iis° It 12 - 13.33 < 19.4 ksi

6 Use LRFD AISC Table XVIII.

.. I • 12, al • (365/ 50) • 7.3

a - (7.3/12) - 0.608, C - 1.095
70XX weld req'd - SO/ ( 1.095
Use 1/4 in. filleu each side.
It 12) - 3.8 sixteenths

I
-,
I
-I
J
I
..
J
I
.. LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 4

Beam; W21 x 44, with 5-1 / 2 in. x 1/ 2 in. plate,

-- A572 Grade SO Steel, with 4 in. Slab,
Span: 30 ft., Laterally Supported

I
,
LOading: Factored Uniform Load with W - 200 K

Simplified Design Procedure

Step

Steel A36 plate with tpl ate - tweb - 3/ 8 in. (tweb - 0.348)

I
-
twebeQuiv - 0.348 x (50/36) - 0.483 in.

I 2 Try 3/4· A32SX bolts (either snug Or fully tightened) in st3ndard holes

) ~ - (~H~) - 2.0
, R -
200
T - 100

..
lOOk
NBreQ'd - - - - 5 bolts
20.7 k
3 With pitch - 3 in. and D - 3/4 in. Enter Table [5]
with t - 3/8 in. and NO - 5 find Mbolt - 400 K - in.

I 4 Mconn - 1400 + (100 x 3) - 700 K -in.

.. 5

6
fb - 4 x

fv - 0.37~~
0.37~~ IS' - 32.2 < 32.4 ksi

IS - 17.78 < 19.4 ksi

Use LRFD AISC Table xvm.

I
-, 1- IS, al- n~) - 7, a - US) - 0.467, C - 1.382

70XX weld reQ'd - 100/(1.382 x 15) - 4.82 sixteenths

Use 5/16 in . fillet.s each side.

I
-I
J
I
..
..
I
.. LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 5
I I

;C,
o
Beam: W16 x 40, A36 Sleel
Span: 24 fl., Lalerally Supporled , , ~

LOading: Uniform Load with W • 90 K ••

:
• -
I
, Step
Simplified Design Procedure

Sleel A36 plale wilh Ipl ate .5/16 in. (tweb - 0.305 - 5/ 16) in.
I I

2 Try 7/8 in. A307 boilS in standard holes

I
- R =
90
T- 45 K
k
NBreq'd. 45 _ 5 boilS
I 3
9.7 k
For pilch. 3 in., h - 12 in.

) 6 tOp bolt - 2~~1 x [~)

I = {90 x 24 x (3~ ; 2
i0 /x 518} x (122)

.. !-
d
= 0.12 0.10 in, say O.K .
= 24 x 12 _ 18 and NB _ 5
16 '
Enter Table (7], find e - 2.81

I 4 Meonn - 45 x (2.81 + 3) - 261.5 K-in.

.. 5

6
fb - 6 x
5
0.3~~1/151 - 22.07 < 32.4 ksi

fv = 0.31: )( 15 - 9.5 < 19.4 ksi

Use LRFD AISC Table XVIII.

I
-, 1· IS, a1 - (2.81 + 3) • 5.81, a -
5
5i~1 - 0.387 , C - 1.591
70XX weld req'd . 1.59i )( 15 - 1.885 sixteenths
Use 1/8 in. fillets each side.

I
-I
J
I
eI
J
I
.. LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 6

Beam: W24 x 68, A36 Steel

Span: 24 ft, Laterally Supported
IOiding:
Girder:
Uniform Load with W - 159 K
W30 x 132
'---
....
+
.... "' ....
I
, Step

4
Simplified Design Procedure

Design Step I through 3 are same as for Example I, LRFD

VlO'-IJ2

r-

Allow 1/ 2 in . clearance between girder and beam flanges .

'----1
I

I With 2 in. edge distance in plate and beam web,

-I 5
and 1-1 / 2 in. end distances, use 8-3/ 4 x 3/ 8 x 18 in. plate.
Mconn - 715 + (79.5 x 2) - 874 K-in.

fb - 4 x O.37~7: 18' - 28 .78 < 32.4 ksi

) fy - 0.3;r-; 18 - 11.8 < 19.4 ksi

I 6 Use LRFD AISC Table XXIV.

..
1- 18 in . and KI - 4.5 in.,
then x - 0.026, therefore xl - 0.468
874.2) I .
aJ - [ 79.5 + i + 6 - 0.468 - 15.548 10.

a - 15 !48 _ 0.864, C - 0.563

i
I 70XX we Id req'd - 0.563
79.S
x IS - 7.85 suteen
' ths
Use 1/4 in. fillets each side all around.
1
I
-.
I
-
I
J
I
..
J
I
..
I
LRFD Design Example T
-w
I Beam: W24 x 68, A36 Steel,

-I
Span: 24 ft, Later.illy Supported
Loading:UniCorm load with W
Column! W14 x 145
= 159 K'

) The beam frames into tbe weak axis of the column.

Plate Dimensions:
I
.. ." ......
I
.. 1+
I~
I~
• I )
I
-. •
g

I
-
I
J
•..
.I
I
.. Step
Simplified Design Procedure

,•
Design Step I through 3 are same as for Example I, LRFD

4 Mconn - 715 + (79.5 x 2) - 874 K- in.

5 fb - 4 x 0.37r: 18' - 28.8 < 32.4 ksi

-•I
fv - 0.3;~·; 18 - 11.8 < 19.4 ksi

6 Use LRFD AISC Table XXIII.

I - 18 in. and KI - 6 in.,

From the table with K - I: 0.33, then x - 0.0665

) therefore xl - 1.2 in.
874.2

I aJ - 79.5 + 6 + I.S - 1.2 - 17.28

.. a - 1~i8 - 0.96
From Table XXI], C - 0.794

70XX weld reQ'd - 0.7;:'; 18 - 5.57 sixteenths

I 7
Use 3/16 in. fillets all around.
Use 3/S in. nanse plates with 3/16 in. fillet welds to the column.

1
I
-.
I
-•
J
I
..
J
I
.. LRFD DESIGN EXAMPLE 8

Beam: W24 x 68, A36 Steel

Span: 24 ft ., Laterally Supported
I Loading: Uniform load with W - 159 K
Column: Tube 12 x 12 x 1/ 2 in. (F y - 46 Ksi)

--I Design the plate welds for a design extending the plate through the column.

-I '" LL LL // // ?J
~ ~
( .

)
~
V
~
II-
-
'1t
-
---------------
-
"r
~ ~
I t? // // // ///

.. I
~r-------L.
I I

I I ~ I +
.. I
I
I
I
I I
I
I
I ~~
I
+
+
... .~

I +
~

-,
I I
I I V M
I
H------ ! +
I
I
i
I
I I

-
I
I , I
I
J
,
..
J
I
.. Simplified Design Procedure
I
, Step

Design Step I through 3 are same as for Example I, LRFD

The shear and moment at bolt line are
R = 79.5 K Mbolt - 715 K- in.
I
-• 4

5
Mconn - 715 + (79.5 x 3) - 953.5 K- in.

953.5 .
fb - 4 x 0.375 x 18' - 31.4 < 32.4 ksl
) fv - 0.3;~·: 18 - 11.76 < 19.4 ksi

I
..
6 Use LRFD AISC Table XXI1I.
I - 18 in. and KI - 12 in .

a] - [9i:';) + 6 - 18 in.
I a$18.
18 -I, andK- :;-0.667

.. From Table XXIII, C - 1.019

70XX we Id req 'd - 1.019
79.5x 18 · 435 '
' slxteent
Use 5/16 in. fillets on both side of columo;
hs

I 3/8 in. bevel on the opposite side.

-. Alternatively, extend plate and use fillet welds on both sides of the column .

I
-•
J
•..
J
I
..
I
,
••
I APPENDIX B

) ASD DESIGN OF WELD GROUPS

•..
•..
I
••
I
•
I
••
•·1
J 'I
• 76
ASD DESIGN OF WELD GROUPS

-.. ECCENTRIC LOADS ON WELD GROUPS

TABLE XIX Coefficients C
Required MWmum C - C~DI
.. .

,-
--
I
rt1
I
P
.. .. I
P
D - CCoi
P
- CCID

--~
,/
~
f-' r

•-
p - Permissible eccentric load in kips.
I ~ '" P
I - Length of each weld in inches.
~~Yeq1Jal
-
D - Number of sixteenths of an inch
in fillet weld Bize. ,V distances
C - Coefficients tabulated below. ~
C, - Coefficient for electrode used (Bee

.-
• Table onJb!e 4·;4) . CASE·
SPECIAL
- 1.0 for E70 electrodes. (Load not in plane of weld group.)
P - CCIDI Use C-values given in
column headed" - O.

III
..
k
Q
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1• 1.6 18 2.0

.06 1.67 1.67 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71
.08 1.64 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.68 1.68 1.69 1.69

-..
.10 1.61 1.61 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.64 1.64 1.65 1.65 1.66 1.66 1.67
.15 1.51 1.51 1.52 LS2 LS3 1.53 1.54 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61

.20 1.39 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.50 1.52 1.53 1. 54 1.56
.25 1.26 . 1.27 1.28 1.30 1.31 1.33 1.35 1.36 1.38 1.39 1.41 1.43 1.45 1.47 1.49 LSO
.30 1.14 1.15 1.17 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.33 1.36 1.39 1.41 1.43 1.45
.40 . 939 .951 .976 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.24 1.28 1.31 1.33 1.36

-•• .50
.60
. 70
.80

.90
.787
.673
.585
.517
.792
.679
.592
.524
.813
.701
.615
.546

.463 .469 .491 .524

.865
.734
.647
.579
.903
.795
.708
.636

.576
.941
.834
.748
.676

.615
.976
.872
.787
.714

.654
1.01
.907
.823
.751

.690
1.04
.940
.857
.786

.725
1.07
.970
.888
.818

.757
1.09
.998
.918
.848

.788
1.14
1.05
.971
.903

.844
1.18
1.09
1.02
.952

.893
1.21
1.13
1.06
.995

.938
1.25
1.17
1.10
1.03
1.27
1.20
1.13
1.07

.978 1.02
1.00 .419 .425 .446 .478 .527 .565 .602 .638 .672 .704 .735 . 791 .842 .887 .928 .965

•-
1.20 .351 .357 .377 .406 .448 .484 .519 .553 .586 .617 .647 . 702 .752 .798 .840 .878
1.40 .302 .307 .326 .352 .390 .423 .455 .488 .519 .548 .577 .631 .680 . 725 .766 . 80~

•
1.60 .265 .270 .287 .311 .344 .375 .405 .435 .465 .493 .520 .572 .619 .664 .704 .743
1.80 .236 .241 .256 .278 .308 .336 .365 .393 .421 .448 .474 .523 .569 .612 .652 .689
2.00 .213 .217 .231 .251 .279 .305 .331 .358 .384 .410 .434 .481 .526 .567 .606 .642
2.20 .193 .198 .211 .229 .254 .279 .303 .328 .353 .377 .401 .446 .488 .528 .566 .602

•• 2.40
2.60
2.80
.177 .181
.164 .168
.152 .156
.1 94
.179
.166
.211
.195
.181
.234
.216
.201
.256
.237
.221
.280
.259
.242
.303
.282
.263
.327
.304
.284
.350
.326
.305
.372
.347
.325
.415
.388
.365
.456
.428
.402
.495
.465
.438
.531
.500
.472
.566
.534
.505

-·1 3.00 .142 .145 .155 .169 .188 .207 .226 .246 .266 .286

• Valid only wnen the connection matenal between the welds IS solid and does not
bend In the plane of the welds .
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CO NSTRUCTION
.306 .344 .380 .415 .448 .479
 .I 4 · 80
ASD DESIGN OF WELD GROUPS

I ECCENTRIC LOADS ON WELD GROUPS

.. TABLE XXIII

p
1
Coefficients C

- Permissible eccentric load in lcips.

- Lengtb of weld parallel to load P
I
,
in inches.
D - Number of sixteenths of an inch

~R
in fillet weld size.
C - Coefficients tabulaud below.
C, - Coefficient for electrode used (see
Table onlj!e 4·74).
1 e.g.
p
zI.- 1.0 for E70 electrodes.
- Distance from venicaJ weld to

I center of gn vity of weld group.

P - CC,Dl
• - ~

zI.-m C~Dl
I Required Minimum C -

" . P
D - CC,1
.. . P
---
•• 1
CC,D

--..
I

.06
.08
a
0
.835
.820
I0.1
.883
.895
0.2 0.3 0.4
1.05 1.22 1.40 1.58 1.76
1.06 1.2.
1.41 1.58 1.16
0.5 0.6 0.7
1.94
1.94
"0.8
2.12
2.12
0.9
2.30
2.30
,
2.48
2.48
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
2.84 3.21 3.58 ~. 95 4.32
2.85 ' .2l 3.58 3.94 4.31
1.8 2.0

.10 .804 .902 1.07 1.24 1.41 1.59 1.76 1.94 2.12 2.30 2.48 2.83 3.20 3.56 3.92 4.28

I .15 .753 .895 1.06 1.22 1.39 1.56 1.73 1.90 2.07 2.24 2.42 2.76 3.11 3.46 3. 81 4.16

.. .20
.25
.30
.40
.693
.630
.570
.469
.865 1.02 1.18 1.34 1.50
.823 .972 1.12 1.28 1.43
.750 .917 1.06 1.21 1.35
.627 .803 .934 1.07 1.20
1.67
1.59
1.50
1.33
1.83
1.74
1.65
1.47
1.99
1.90
1.80
1.61
2.16
2.06
1.95
1.74
2.32
2.21
2.10
1.89
2.65
2.53
2.41
2.17
2.99
2.85
2.72
2.47
3.32
3.18
3.04
2.77
3.66
3.51
3.36
3.08
4.00
3.84
3.68
3.39

••• .50
.60
.70
.80

.90
.393
.336
.293
.259

.232
.529
.453
.395
.349

.312
.666 .819 .937 1.06
.574 .721 .829 .939
.502 .611 .739 .839
.444 .543 .664 .756

.398 .488 .602 .687

1.18
1.05
.942
.852

.775
1.30
1.17
1.05
.950

.867
1.43
1.28
1.16
1.05

.962
1.56
1.40
1.27
1.16

1.06
1.69
1.53
1.39
1.27

1.16
1.96
1.78
1.63
1.49

1.38
2.24
2.05
1.88
1.73

1.60
2.53
2.32
2.14
1.98

1.84
2.83
2.61
2.41
2.24

2.09
3.13
2.90
2.69
2.51

2.36

••
1.00 .209 .282 .360 .442 .550 .629 .711 .796 .885 .978 1.07 1.28 1.49 1.72 1.96 2.21
1.20 .176 .236 .302 .372 .445 .536 .608 .683 .762 .844 .929 1.11 1.31 1.52 1.74 1.97
1.40 .151 .203 .260 .320 .384 .466 .530 .597 .667 .741 .818 .985 1.17 1.36 1.56 1.78

1.60 .132 .178 .228 .281 .338 .412 .469 .529 .593 .660 .731 .883 1.05 1.22 1.41 1.61

I 1.80 .118
2.00 .106
2.20 .097
.158
.142
.129
.203
.182
.166
.250
.225
.205
.301
.272
.247
.369
.334
.305
.420
.381
.348
.475
.431
.394
.533 .595 .660 .799
.484 .541 .601 .730
.444 .496 .552 .671
.951
.870
.802
1.11
1.02
.942
1.29
1.18
1.09
1.47
1.35
1.25

J 2.40
2.60
2.80
.089
.082
.076
.119
.110
.102
.152
.140
.130
.188
.174
.161
.227
.210
.195
.280
.259
.242
.320
.297
.277
.363
.337
.314
.409
.380
.354
.458
.425
.397
.510
.474
.442
.621
.578
.540
.743
.692
.647
.874
.815
.763
1.01
.946
.886
1.16
1.09
1.02
3.00 .071 .095 .122 .151 .182 .226 .259 .294 .332 .372 .415 .507 .608 .717 .834 .958
I
.. I 0 .008 .028 .056 .088 .125 .163 .204 .246 .289 .333 .423 .515 .609 .704 .800

AME RICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CO NSTRUCTION

J . · 82
ASD DESIGN OF WELD GROUPS

ECCENTRIC LOADS ON WELD GROUPS

1
..
TABLE XXV Coefficients C

p - Permissible eccentric load in kips.

I - Length of weld parallel to load P
in inches.
D - Number of sixteenths of an inch
1
, 11h1
in fillet weld size.
e - Coefficients tabulated below.
% II e, - Coefficient for electrode used (see
Table on l.j!e 4-.4) .
-c-r- - 1.0 for E70 electrodes.

I
111 II p
:d - Dist.ance from vertical weld to
center of gravity of weld group.
yi - Distance from horizontal weld to
Ie.g.
1 center of gravity of weld group.
p - ee,D!
•1 ~ Required Minimum e -- e,DI
p

.. .. D
- ee,l
P

. . P
.1 I
- ee,D

Ir
a
0.0 0.1 0.2 OJ 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 l.0 1.2 1.4 l.6 l.8 2.0

.06 .835 .801 .882 .965 1.05 1.14 1.22 1.31 1.40 1.48 1.57 1.75 1.93 2.11 2.29 2.47
.08 .820 .814 .892 .974 1.06 1.14 1.23 1.32 1.40 1.49 1.58 1.74 1.92 2.10 2.28 2.47
.10 .804 .818 .895 .976 1.06 1.14 1.23 1.31 1.40 1.48 1.57 1.73 1.91 2.10 2.28 2.47
.15 .753 .810 .882 .957 1.03 1.11 1.19 1.27 1.34 1.42 1.51 1.67 1.84 2.09 2.28 2.46

.. .20
.25
.30
.40

.50
.693
.630
.570
.469

.393
.780
.714
.649
.538

.452
.847
.795
.724
.602

.507
.915
.862
.798
.665

.562 .618
.985 1.06 1.13 1.20 1.27 1.35 1.42 1.58
.926 .990 1.06 1.12 1.19 1.26 1.34 1.49
.864 .923 .984 1.05 1.11 1.18 1.25 1.39
.729 .797 .851 .908 .967 1.03 1.09 1.23

.676 .740 .791 .846 .904 .964 1.09 1.23

1.74
1.64
1.55
1.38
1.91
1.80
1.70
1.53

1.38
2.28
1.97
1.87
1.69

1.53
2.46
2. 46
2.04
1.85

1.69

I .60
.70
.80
.336
.293
.259
.387
.337
.297
.435
.379
.335
.483 .532
.421 .465
.373 .413
.584 .640 .697 .747 .801
.512 .563
.455 .501
.620 .667
.558 .602
.718
.649
.858 .981 1.11
.771 .887 1.01
.699 .808 .926
1.25
1.15
1.05
1.40
1.29
1.19
1.55
1.43
1.33

·1 .90
1.00
.232
.209
.266
.240
.300
.271
.334 .370
.303 .335
.409
.371
.452
.410
.498
.453
.547
.501
.591
.542
.638 .741
.586 .683
.853
.790
.975
.906
1.10 1.24
1.03 1.16
1.20 .176 .201 .227 .254 .282 .313 .347 .384 .428 .464 .504 .591 .688 .793 .905 1. 02

1 1.40 . 151 .173 .196 .219 .243 .270 .300 .333 .373 .406 .441 .520 .607 .703 .806 .915

• 1.60
1.80
.132
.118
.152
.135
.172
.153
.192
.171
.213
.190
.237 .264 .294 .330
.212 .236 .263 .296
.360
.324
.392
.353
.464
.418
.543
.491
.630 .725
.571 .658
.825
.751

I 2.00
2.20
.106
.097
. 122
.111
.138
.125
.154
.140
.172
.156
.191 .213 .238 .269
.174 .194 .217 .242
.294
.269
.321
.294
.380
.349
.447
.411
.521 .602
.480 .554
.688
.635

.-I 2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
.089
.082
.076
.071
.101
.094
.087
.081
.115
.106
.098
.092
.128
.119
.110
.103
.143
.132
.123
.115
.160 .179 .200
.148 .165 .185
.137 .154 .172
.128 .144 .161
.223
.207
.192
.180
.248
.230
.214
.200
.271
.251
.234
.219
.322
.299
.279
.262
.380
.353
.330
.309
.444 .513
.413 .478
.386 .447
.362 .420
.589
.548
.513
.482

..
% 0 .004 .016 .034 .057 .083 .112 .144 .177 .213 .250 .327 .408 .492 .578 .666
Y .500 .454 .416 .384 .357 .333 .312 .294 .277 .263 .250 .227 .208 .192 .178 .166

AMERICAN )NSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

 .I
I
..
I
,
I
•
I
.- APPENDIX C

LRFD DESIGN OF WELD GROUPS

•..
I
..
I
••
I
•
•
,
•••
' ..
 L RFD DESIGN OF WELD G ROUPS
5 • 9l

ECCENTRIC LOADS ON WELD GROUPS

.. a1
TABLE XVIII

ANGLE
Coefficients C

=0 0

Required Minimum C = ~

,•
c..- C, DI

Z
I I
I
/
tl
p~
.
..
"

..
D=~
l=-~
CC,I

CC, D
I

•-
-~W ~

~:Y
,/
Jd

= facto red eccentnc load in kips , v r-

•)
p. Z P,
I ~
length of each weld. in.
o =numbe r of sixteenths of an Inch V I_Any equal
in fillet weld size
C z coefficients labulated below ~ distances
(includes <> = 0.75)
SP~CIAL C~SE-
C, =coefficient for electrode used
(see Table on page 5·89) (load not In plane of weld group)
= 1.0 for E70XX electrodes Use C·values given
I Pu = CC,DI in column headed k ~ a

.. a
I
I 0 I 0.1
:52. i .::1 I 2.7.::3
0.2
2.744
I 0.3
2.i45
I 0.4
2.747
I 0.5 . 0.6
2.751 2.754 2.757
0.7
k
I 0.8
2.761
0.9
2.763
I 1.0
2.766
1.2
2.iiO
I 1.4
2.m
i 1.6
2.ii5
I 1.8 I 2.0
2.m 2.ii8

•..
'J 2.527 2.628 2.631 2.536 2.645 2.,--
_00 2.558 2.681 2.692 2.703 2.713 2.i28 2.7JO 2.748 2.755 2.760
'S 2.i59 2.461 2.468 2.480 2.497 2.517 2.540 2.564 2.587 2.608 2.628 2.561 2.685 2.704 2.718 2.i29
U 2.254 2.268 2.291 2.300 2.325 2.354 2.387 2.420 2.455 2.487 2.518 2.571 2.512 2.544 2.558 2.587
2.064 2.071 2.089 2.117 2.150 2.186 2.226 2.267 2.309 2.351 2.391 2.* 2.523 2.570 2.506 2.535
"
,0 1874 1.883 1.907 1.942 1.982 2.026 2.070 2.116 2.162 2..?Q9 2.213 2.344 2.421 2.483 2.533 2.572
JO 1549 1.561 1.593 1.638 1.691 1.746 1.799 1.850 1.900 1.941 1.987 2.080 2.137 2.157 2.202 2.422

•-. :v 1299 1.312

:0 1.1 07 1.1 23
iO 982 .975

:0
;0
849
758
.862
.m
1.348
1.1 60
1.015

.902
811
1400
1.216
1.072
1.460
1.279
1.138
1.522
1.345
1.204
1.581
I.J08
1.258
1.638
1.468
1.329
1.691
1.525
1.387

.960 1.025 1.090 1.1 54 1.215 1.272 1.326 I.Jn 1.415 1.554
868 .932 .996 1.060 1.120 1.1 n 1.229 1.279 1.373 1.464
1.741 1.786 1.871
1.5n 1.625 1.713
1.442 1.493 1.563
1.956
1.790
1.663
2.005
1.865
1.733

1.626
1.533
2.049
1.933
1.797

1.691
1.601
2.1 1
1.969
1.858

1.748
1.658

-'.•
'00 684 698 .737 .791 .853 916 .979 1.039 1.095 1.148 1.197 1.287 1.371 lASS 1517 1560
. ,0 .572 .586 .622 .672 .729 .789 .847 .905 .961 1.014 1.062 1.149 1227 1.J01 1.36. 1454
.") 491 .504 .538 .563 .635 .690 .745 .800 .854 .905 .954 1.038 1.114 1.1 85 1.250 1.312

:00 .::lO .443 .474 .514 .561 .612 .665 .715 .767 .817 .864 .947 1.023 1.090 1.1 53 1.211
'21) 383 .395 .423 .460 .503 .550 .598 646 .695 .742 .788 8iO .945 1.01 2 1071 1.1 27
"CO 345 356 .382 ,416 .455 ,498 .544 .590 .634 .680 .724 .804 .878 944 1.003 1.057
~20 .314 .324 .348 .379 .415 .455 .498 .541 .563 .626 .668 .749 819 885 944 997

J ~lO 287 .298 .319 .348 .382 .419 ,459 .499 .541 .580 .620 .698 .767 .632 .891 .943

•..
2:0 265 .275 .295 .322 .353 .388 ,425 .463 .502 .540 .578 .653 .720 .784 843 896
~20 .246 .255 .274 .299 .329 .361 .396 .432 .469 .506 .5. 1 613 681 .741 799 852
300 230 .239 .256 280 .307 .338 371 .405 .439 .475 .508 .sn .643 .702 .759 812
•Valid only when Ihe conneClion matenal be tween the welds is solid and does nOI bend In
Ihe olan e of the we lds.

A>1E,RICAN r"snruTE OF SI'EEL COl/STRUcnO,",

.IF, LRFD DESI GN OF WELD GROUPS 5 , 103

ECCENTRIC LOADS ON WELD GROUPS

I
.- TABLE XXII
ANGLE
Coefficients C
-
I
0°
Pu = factoredeccenmc load In kips
le ngth of each weld. In.
I
,
3
al o
3 number of sixteenths of an Inch
in fillet weld size
C = coefficients taoulated below

~
(includes cb = n.75)

I
l Cog.
p.
C, = coefficient for electrode used
(see Table on page 5,89)
= 1.0 for E70XX electrodes
xl = distance from vertical weld to

-I XltJ kl
center of gravity of weld group
Pu = CC,OI

Required Minimum C - ~
C, OI
..
J "

.. ..
03~
CC ,/
Iz~
II k
CC, O

• 0.1 I 02 I 0.3 1 0.4 0.5 0.6 I 0.7 0.8 0.9 I 1.0 1.2 I 14 16 I 18 1 2.0
eI J
:3 i ' Ji l - .. =-
1.652 1.930 2.208 2.4.96 2.764 3.041 3.3t9 3.597 3.875 4.153 4.709 ).-' ..0 5.823 6.380 6.938
., I ' 3IJ I t.599 1.877 2.153 2.429 2.704 2.979 3255 3.531 3.808 4.084 4.6010 5.196 5.i54 6.312 6.871
'; I ' 229 1.518 1.795 2.068 2.339 2.511 2.882 3.154 3.427 3.701 1976 4.529 iu84 5.642 6.202 6.iD2
I :, ' . :32 1421 1.694 1.962 2.228 2.494 2.780 3.027 3.295 3.555 3.836 4.383 4936 5.493 6.053 6.616

.. :3 ! . 0:12 11.318 11.585 1.845 2.104 2.362 2.621 2.881 3.143 1408 3.674 4213 .I ;60 5.314 ;.073 6.436

:J I
~,

;'3
I
9Ji t21 5 1.473 1.725 1.975 2.22S 2.475 2.728 2.983 3240 3.500 4027 J :CS 5.113 i609 6231
fi.t 1.028 t255 tA97 1.726 1.957 2.190 2.425 2.603 2.904 3.1 48 3.647 J 159 46a5 5.223 5.m
549 876 1090 1.300 1.509 1.720 1.935 2.152 2.373 2.598 2.826 3.293 3.ii4 4270 J i80 5278

I ~3 1

'3 I
553
.181
i5ij
662
.948 1.137 1.328 1.521 1.718 1.920 2.125 2.334 2.547 2.985 3.437 3.903 .1371 4.858
.834 1.006 1.1 79 1.357 1.538 1.724 1.915 2.110 2.310 2.723 3.152 3.596 .I 053 4,521

-I :v I .12' .585
~I
':ij
379 .525
.742
.568
.899 1.057 1221 1.388 1.560 1.738
.811 .957 1.107 1.262 1.423 1.590
1.922
1.763
2.110
1.941
2.503
2.314
2.913
2.i09
3.339
3.121
3.760
3.546
4232
1..1l8J
342 475 606 .737 872 1.012 1.156 1.307 1.464 1.627 1.796 2.154 2.533 2.930 3.342 1768
.,0 286
I 398 .510 .623 .740 .861 .989 1.122 1263 1.410 1.563 1.890 2.238 2.605 2.988 1386

-
'.:1) 246 343 .440 .539 642 .749 .863 .983 1.110 1243 1.384 1.682 2.003 2.342 2.597 3.068
';':) 2 5 .301 .474 .566 .663 .765 .874 .990 1.112 1240 1.514 1.808 2.121 2.JSO
386 2.795
I '0\)

,':0 I
'91 268
172 241
.344
.311
,423
.382
.508
.458
.594
.5J8
.687
.624
.787
.715
.893 1.005 1.123 1.374 645 1.935
.813 .916 1.025 1.257 :S08 1.776
2.241
2.061
2.562
2.361
2,,0 157 .219 283 .349 .418 492 .571 .656 .746 .841 .942 1.1 57 1.390 1640 1.906 2.186

J 2..:0

2.5U
1'4 .201

133 .187
260

240
.320

296
.384

356
.453

.420
.526

.488
.605

.562
.689 .m .871 1.072 1.289 t.522

.640 .723 .810 .997 1201 1.419 1.657 1.904

I.nt 2.039

I 250
100
123
115
.173
.161
223
208
275
257
.331
.310
.391
.366
.455
.426
.524
.491
.597
.560
.675
.633
.757
.710
.932 1.1 23 1.332 1.552 1.786
.875 1.057 1.252 1..159 1.680

I 000
-I x 008 029 .056 .089 .125 .164 .204 2 46

AMERICAN [NSTTTUTE OF STEEL CONSTllucnON

289 .333 .424 516 610 7041.aoo
.- LRFD DESIGN OF WELD GROUPS 5 - [09

•-I ECCENTRIC LOADS ON WELD GROUPS

TABLE XXIV
ANGLE - 0°
Coefficients C

Pv = factored eccentnc load in kips

,•
al
:d °
I = length of each weld. in.
= number of sixteenths of an inch
in fillet weld size
0° 0° C· = coeHiclents taculated below

I'W,
~
(includes <b = 0.75)
yl C, = coeHiclent for electrode used
(see Table on page 5-89)

-••
l Ic. g. p.
= 1.0 for E70XX electrodes
xl = distance from vertical weld to
center of gravity 01 weld group
yl =distance Irom honzontal weld to

W center 01 gravity of weld group

Pv = CC , OI

ReqUIred Minimum C = .!!::.....

J
C, Ot
.. .. 0= .!!::.....
CC ,I
.. ..
~
l =....i:L

...
CC , O

I k
a
a I O.t 0.2 I 0.3 I 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 I 0.8 0.9 I 1.0 1.2 IA 1.6 I 18 2.0
:51U71 1.31 2 1.651 1.789 1.927 2.065 2204 2.342 2.461 2.620 2.760 3.039 3.318 3.598 3.8i8 ~. 1 58

,•
'0 1.31 4 1.456 1.534 t.730 1.866 2.001 2.137 2.274 2.411 2.550 2.689 2.970 3.253 3.537 3.821 4.105
:S 1.229 1.373 1.509 1.642 1.774 1.906 2.038 2. 171 2.307 2.444 2.582 2.864 3.1 51 3.439 3.729 4.019
<0 1.1 32 1276 1A08 1.537 1.663 1.790 1.918 2.047 2. 179 2.313 2.450 2.731 3.019 3.312 3.E08 3.904
25 1.032 1.1 73 1.301 1..124 1.545 1.666 1.788 1.913 2.041 2.171 2.305 2.582 2.369 3.1 64 3. ~3 3.i65

30 937 1.074 1.1 96 1.313 1.427 1.542 1.659 1. 779 1.901 2.027 2. 157 2.427 2.710 3.002 3.303 3.608
'0 m .898 1.008 1.111 1.213 1.316 1.422 1.531 1.643 1.757 1.871 2. 11 9 2.379 2.654 2.9 ~1 3.1 88

•-.
:0 049 .759 856 .948 1.038 1.1 30 1225 1.324 IA26 1.531 1.637 1.864 2.104 2.35'; 2.620 2.885
:0 553 .652 .738 .81 9 .900 .982 1.068 1.1 58 1251 1.346 1.-149 1.664 1.888 2.1 25 2.3iO 2.625
;0 481 .367 .643 .717 .790 .864 .942 1.024 1.11 0 1.202 1.297 1.500 1.71 6 1.942 2.m 2.420

50 ~24 .301 .SiO .636 .702 .789 .641 .917 .998 1.083 1.1 73 1.366 1.573 1.792 2.01 9 2.254
;0 379 .448 .51 1 .569 630 .692 .758 .830 .906 .986 1.071 1255 1.452 1.664 1.883 2.110
100 342 ..105 .462 .516 .571 .629 .891 .7".8 .829 90S .986 1.1 60 1.351 1.553 !.i64 1.982
120 256 339 .387 .434 .481 .531 .586 .644 .709 .m .8SO 1.010 1.1 82 1.366 1.:60 1.762

-••
1'0 246 292 .333 .374 ..115 .460 .S08 .561 .619 681 .747 891 1.049 1.219 1.398 1.5B6

150 21 5 .256 .293 329 .365 .405 .449 ,497 .549 .605 .665 .798 .942 1.098 1.263 1.436
: :0 191 227 .261 .293 .326 .362 .402 .445 .493 .545 .600 .nl .853 .996 1.1 SO 1.312
~~O 172 .205 .235 .264 294 .327 .364 .404 .448 ,495 .545 .656 .m .912 1.054 1204
2.Z0 157 .188 21 4 .241 .268 299 .332 .389 .410 .453 .500 .602 .71 6 .840 .m 1.11 2
VO 144 .171 .196 .221 2 46 275 .305 .340 .377 ,418 ..161 .5:;7 .662 m .900 I.Il3:J

J ~50 133
2.20 .123
3.00 li S
.158
.146
.181
.168
204
.190
.228
.212
.254
.237
.283
263
.315
293
.350
.326
388
.362
.428
399
.51 7 .615
.483 .574
.m
.676
.839
.765
.963
.902

•..
.137 .1 57 .m .198 221 246 275 .306 339 374 ,453 538 63S .737 846

;1 000
500
.005
.455
01 7
.417
.035
.385
.OS7
.357
.083
.333
.113
.313
.144
.294 ~I
.213
283
250
.250
.327 ..108
227 208
.491
.192
.Si9
.179
.667
.167
-Tabulated values are the minimum of either - or + load angles .

AMERICAN [NSTTT1JTE Of SnEL CONSTRUCTlON

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