LOVELY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

BUILDING SERVICES ARC 313

active cooling
techniques

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
AR. DAVINDER PAL MANEESHANA BANTA
SINGH (11713390)
MANMEET SINGH
(11717499)
TARANBIR SINGH KANG
(11713444)
A1703; B.ARCH 3RD YEAR
 contents
INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION

1. CIRCULATION SYSTEM
2. PLENUM SYSTEM
3. VACUUM SYSTEM
4. BALANCED SYSTEM

AIR CONDITIONING
1. WINDOW AC
2. SPLIT AC
3. CENTRAL AC

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introduction
A n a c t i v e c o o l i n g s y s t e m i s o n e th a t i n v o l v e s th e u s e o f en er g y t o co o l
s o m e t h i n g , a s o p p o s e d t o p a s s i v e c o o l i n g th a t u s e s n o en er g y . S u ch
s y s t e m s c i r c u l a t e a c o o l a n t to tr a n s fe r h e a t fr o m o n e p l a ce t o a n o t h er .
T h e c o o l a n t i s e i t h e r a g a s o r a l i q u i d . S o m e e x a m p l es o f  a ct i ve
c o o l i n g   s y s t e m s i n c l u d e fa n s , e v a p o r a ti v e a i r c o n d i t i o n er s , a n d
r e f r i g e r a t i v e a i r c o n d i t i o n e r s s u c h a s 's p l i t s y s te m s '.

MECHANICAL VENTILATION
M e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a t i o n s y s te m c i r c u l a te s fr e s h a i r us i n g d u ct s a n d
fans.

PURPOSE
b u i l d i n g v e n t i l a t i o n l e s s d e p e n d e n t o n e x te r i o r c o n d i tio n s
high ventilation demand
precise operation control
t e m p e r a t u r e a n d h u m i d i t y c o n tr o l

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types of mechanical ventilation
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
A c i r c u l a t i o n s y s t e m s u c h a s a c e i l i n g fa n , c r e a t es i n t er n a l air
m o v e m e n t , b u t d o e s n o t i n tr o d u c e   fr e s h a i r .

PRESSURE SYSTEM/PLENUM SYSTEM

A p r e s s u r e s y s t e m , i n w h i c h fr e s h o u ts i d e a i r i s b l o w n i n t o
t h e   b u i l d i n g   b y i n l e t f a n s , c r e a ti n g a h i g h e r i n te r n a l p r es s u r e t h a n t h e
outside air.

PRESSURE SYSTEM/PLENUM SYSTEM

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F I G U R E S H O W I N G R E Q U I R E D S P A C E F O R A P L E N U M S Y S T EM

PLAN SHOWING PLACEMENT OF PLENUM SYSTEM

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VACUUM SYSTEM
A vacuum system, in which  i n te r n a l a i r i s ex t r a ct ed fr o m
t h e   b u i l d i n g   b y a n e x h a u s t fa n , c r e a ti n g l o w e r p r es s u r e i n s i d e
the building than the outside air.

VACUUM /EXHAUST SYSTEM

S E C T I O N S S H O W I N G C I R C U L A T I O N O F A I R I N V A C U U M S Y S T EM

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BALANCED SYSTEM
A b a l a n c e d s y s t e m t h a t u s e s b o th i n l e t a n d o u tl e ts , m a i n t a i n i n g t h e
i n t e r n a l a i r p r e s s u r e a t a s i m i l a r l e v e l to th e o u tsi d e a i r a n d s o
r e d u c i n g   a i r i n f i l t r a t i o n   a n d d r a u g h ts .

FRESH AIR STALE AIR

S E C T I O N S H O W I N G C I R C U L A T I O N O F A I R I N B A L A N C ED
SYSTEM

A b a l a n c e d v e n t i l a t i o n s y s te m i n tr o d u c e s fr e s h o u td o o r a i r i n t o a
h o m e a t t h e s a m e r a t e t h a t s ta l e i n d o o r a i r i s e x h a u s t ed fr o m t h e
home.
A single exhaust point and a single supply point are part of the
main unit.
A i r t h a t i s p i p e d i n t o t h e h o m e a t th e s u p p l y p o i n t i s d i s t r i b u t ed t o
d e s i g n a t e d a r e a s u s i n g d u c ts .
A i r i s e x h a u s t e d f r o m d i f f e r i n g d e s i g n a te d a r e a s i n th e h o m e u s i n g
a d i f f e r e n t s e t o f d u c t s a n d i s u l ti m a te l y e x p e l l e d th r o u g h t h e m a i n
exhaust point. 

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AIR CONDITIONING
A n   a i r c o n d i t i o n e r   i s a   s y s te m   o r a m a c h i n e th a t t r ea t s   a i r   i n a
d e f i n e d , u s u a l l y e n c l o s e d a r e a v i a a r e fr i g e r a ti o n cy cl e i n w h i ch
w a r m   a i r   i s r e m o v e d a n d r e p l a c e d w i th c o o l e r   a i r .

AIR CONDITIONING CAPACITY CALCULATION

STEP 1-
C a l c u l a t e t h e a r e a o f t h e r o o m i n s q u a r e fo o ta g e .

STEP 2-
U s i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g c h a r t o n e c a n c a l c u l a te th e B T U r e q u i r ed .

OR
U s i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g c h a r t o n e c a n c a l c u l a te th e to n n a g e o f A C r eq u i r ed .

TYPES OF AC UNITS
Window Air Conditioner
Split Air Conditioner
Central Air Conditioner

WINDOW AC CENTRAL AC SPLIT AC

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WI NDOW AC

Wi ndow ai r condi ti oners are the most common types of AC Uni ts due
to thei r si mpl i ci ty. they ar e mounted on the wal l s or wi ndows. They
compri se a casi ng that hosts al l the parts of the condi ti oner . The
whol e system of the wi ndow ai r condi ti oner can be di vi ded i nto two
parts; the f ront si de that cool the room and the outdoor par t wher e
absorbed heat i s rel eased to the atmosphere.

WINDOW AC WINDOW AC MECHANISM

PARTS OF WINDOW AC WORKING OF WINDOW AC

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SPLI T AI R CONDI TI ONER

The spl i t ai r condi ti oner compri ses of outsi de and i nsi de uni ts. The
outsi de uni t contai ns the compressor, condenser coi l , and the
capi l l ary tubi ng. The i nsi de uni t i ncl udes cool i ng coi l bl ower and ai r
f i l ter. Both si des of the system are connected onl y by wi r es and tubi ng.

COMPONENTS OF SPLIT  AC

WORKING OF SPLIT  AC

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CENTRAL AI R CONDI TI ONER

The  central ai r condi ti oner  i s a system of control l i ng ai r i n an

encl osed space through a system of suppl y and return ai r f l ow.
Cool ed ai r f l ows out of the system through the suppl y ducts and
regi sters i nto the l i vi ng space. When the ai r becomes warmer, i t f l ows
back to the system through the return ducts and regi sters.

The maj or advantage of the central ai r condi ti oners i s the consi stency
of mai ntai ni ng temperature throughout the house. However , the
system can consume hi gh energy where many rooms ar e i nvol ved.

COMPONENTS OF CENTRAL AC SYSTEM

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AIR CIRCULATION IN CENTRAL AC SYSTEM

Central ai r condi ti ons has

a central i ze duct system.
The duct system has an
ai r handl er, ai r suppl y
system, ai r return duct
and the gri l l es that
ci rcul ates warm ai r f rom
a f urnace or cool ed ai r
f rom central ai r
condi ti oni ng uni ts to our
room.
I t uses Ac ref r i gerant as a
substance to absorb the
heat f rom i ndoor
evaporator coi l s and
rej ects it to outdoor
condenser coi l s .
WORKING OF CENTRAL AC SYSTEM

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case example
H.no 396, Preet Nagar Sodal road Jal

INSIDE UNIT OUTSIDE UNIT

WINDOW AC

INDOOR UNIT OUTDOOR UNIT

SPLIT AC

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Sustainability plan
M e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a t i o n c a n b e r e tr o fi tte d   to
almost every house and a large number of
c o m m e r c i a l p r e m i s e s   t o p r o m o te

F r e s h a i r i n t o s p a c e s a n d th e n r e m o v e
any latent heat.
A s t e a d y s u p p l y o f o u td o o r a i r fo r
i m p r o v e d i n d o o r a i r q u a l i ty a n d r e s i d e n t
comfort
Regulation over the amount and source of
outdoor air
T h i n n i n g o f i n d o o r c o n t a m i n a n ts , s u c h a s
odors and allergens
Helps control relative h u m i d i ty and
d e c r e a s e m o i s t u r e a c c u m u l a ti o n d u r i n g
the heating or temperate seasons

M e c h a n i c a l v e n t i l a t i o n d e f in i te l y h a s m e r i ts
o v e r n a t u r a l v e n t i l a t i o n , b u t th e i s s u e c o m e s
t o r e t r o f i t t i n g a s o l u t i o n to a b u i l d i n g ,
w h i c h c o u l d a d d q u i t e a b i t to th e c o s t. T h i s
i s w h y i f p o s s i b l e m e c h a n ic a l v e n ti l a ti o n i s
d e s i g n e d i n t o t h e b u i l d i n g p l a n s , s o th a t th e
costs to implement kept to a minimum.

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