Related Literature and Case Study

Introduction

Philippines is one of the largest archipelago in countries in the world, consisting

of some 7,000 islands. As for the growing population, air transport has been playing an

important role for both passenger and cargo transport in the country. As in the past, our

government has been developing major airports such as Ninoy Aquino International

Airport (NAIA) in Manila, Diosdado Macapagal International Airport (DMIA) in

Clark,Pampanga, Mactan Cebu and Davao. They are aiming at providing more

effective, efficient and sustained developments of the other airports based on the Civil

rtAviation master Plan (CAMP) prepared by the United Nations Develpoment Program

(UNDP) and the International Civil Aviation organization (ICAO).

There are 90 national governement airports, consisting of 7 international

airports. 12 trunklines , 37 seconodary and 34 feeders airports in the Philippines.

Local Literature

Air Traffic Services

In the Philippines are provided by ATO with the exception of aviation

meteorology, which is operated by Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and

Astronomical Security Services (PAG-ASA), Aviation Security is controlled by Aviation

Security command (AVSECOM) of Philippine National Police.

Air Transportation Office Manual

 Davao City Francisco Bangoy International Airport Case Study

"The Busiest Airport in Mindanao."

Davao Airport Background

Davao Airport, also known as the Francisco Bangoy (Davao) International

Airport is the third busiest airport in the Philippines after the Ninoy Aquino

International Airport (NAIA) in Manila and Mactan-Cebu International Airport (MCIA) in

Cebu. The Davao airport is located in

Catitipan, Barangay Buhangin, Davao

City and has been operational for

more than 15 years.

It is Mindanao's international

gateway to countries like

Singapore, Hong Kong, and

Indonesia; and to the rest of the

Philippines: Cebu, Zamboanga,

and Manila.

Davao Airport presently provides both domestic and international connectivity

[eight 8 domestic destinations and one (1) international destination]. Presently,

international connectivity is to Singapore.

The 209-hectare airport was constructed in four years’ time, and was officially

inaugurated and opened to the public on December 2, 2003. The airport has a single

3,000-meter precision runway that can accommodate wide-body aircraft. The

Landing Instrumentation System (ILS) for its Runways 05 and 23 is compliant to the

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) operating category - Precision

Approach Category 1. It can accommodate 8 to 10 aircraft landings per hour, and

has 8 gate holding areas for aircraft.

Catchment Area for Davao Airport

Davao Airport mainly caters to a catchment area including Davao City and parts

of the Davao Region. Davao Region (designated as Region XI of the Philippines) is

located south east of Mindanao. Davao Airport serves as Mindanao‟s gateway to Asia,

operating regular scheduled international flights to Singapore.

The airport's Air Traffic Control Tower 

is considered as one of the most

sophisticated in the Philippines. 

The airport has a single 3,000-meter precision runway 

that can accommodate wide-body aircraft.

Bird's eye-view of the 209-hectare airport

The airport can accommodate wide-

bodied aircraft, 
and depending on size, the runway can accommodate 8 to 10 aircraft landings per

hour.
 The terminal has four units of

these boarding bridges for

passengers

The $128 million state-of-the-art

international airport

can handle approximately

2 million passengers annually.

And can handle 84,600 tons of cargoannually

The terminal has approximately 9,000 sq. m of commercial spaces

for its concessionaires.

 The terminal has 14 domestic and

international counters

that can handle a steady flow of

passenger traffic.

It is equipped with the latest navigational,

security,

and baggage handling equipments.

Leading to the Departure Area

Main Departure Lounge

Airport’s Location and Existing Layout

Davao Airport is located in the Davao region on the island of Mindanao, 12.5km north-east from Davao city center, near the coast.

The existing layout of the Airport is presented below.

Figure 13: Existing Layout of Davao Airport

Existing Layout
Davao Airport – Historic Traffic Assessment
Davao is one of the eleven (11) international airports in the Philippines.

Traffic growth in Davao airport has been broadly in line with the growth trends

of total passenger traffic in the Philippines. Over the last 15 years, total passenger

traffic at Davao Airport has grown from about 0.87 million in 1998 to about 2.79

million in 2013.

The historical traffic at Davao airport is presented in the table below.

Table 7:Historic Traffic at Davao Airport

Year Passenger traffic Cargo Traffic (in Kgs)
1998 870,560 26,978,000
1999 953,141 32,242,397
2000 954,744 41,505,298
2001 960,712 46,420,991
2002 972,496 41,323,280
2003 1,004,595 40,036,790
2004 1,151,195 43,772,437
2005 1,044,078 40,244,888
2006 1,336,027 41,543,698
2007 1,534,264 45,537,162
2008 1,691,835 33,451,207
2009 1,991,663 34,389,341
2010 2,229,616 40,806,551
2011 2,629,096 39,781,976
2012 2,791,123 43,862,646
2013 2,795,250 49,829,010
CAGR last 5 Years 8.84% 9.71%
CAGR last 10 10.36% 1.45%
years
Source: CAAP

Comparison of CAGRs of traffic growth over the past 15 years with respect to

that of the last few years, indicate that passenger traffic growth at Davao Airport has

seen a significant jump in the last few years.

Existing Airport Facilities

Passenger Terminal Building

The passenger terminal at Davao is located north of the runway and was

built in 2003 to replace the old terminal (still located south of the runway). The

terminal has a total footprint of approximately 22,683 sq. m. of floor space. The

existing passenger terminal building is built as a 1.5 level building:

 Ground floor with check-in hall (28 check-in counters based on data in the

Area Centre 11 presentation) and arrivals (2 arrival areas, for domestic and

international) with 2 baggage conveyors each

 First floor for the departure area

The table below details the areas of the existing passenger terminal facilities:

Table 8: Existing passenger terminal processing areas

Facility Area
Ground floor
Check-in area 780 sq. m.
Baggage Reclaim – Domestic 900 sq. m.
Greeter’s Hall – Domestic 230 sq. m.
Immigration Check 300 sq. m.
Baggage Reclaim – International 750 sq. m.
Customs Area 230 sq. m.
Greeter’s Hall – Domestic 230 sq. m.
First floor
Security Check - Domestic 45 sq. m.
Airport Tax Counters 30 sq. m.
Emigration check 175 sq. m.
Security Check – International 45 sq. m.
Other Facilities
Duty free and concession 40 sq. m.
Ground handler offices 62 sq. m.
Airline offices 956 sq. m.
 Pre-departures area 3,888 sq. m.
Concession area Dom 293 sq. m.
Concession area Intl 394 sq. m.
Source: Davao Airport Tea

Airside Facilities

The information of the existing airside facilities at the Davao Airport is

presented below:

Table 9: Existing Airside Information

# Particular Description
1. Area 217 hectares
2. Runway Orientation 05/23 direction
3. Runway Length 3000 m
4. Runway Width 45 m
5. Runway Strip Length 3,000m (for both runway ends 05 and 23)
6. Runway Strip Width 260m (150m north & 110m south)
7. 120m x 45m (for both runway 05 and
Stopway
23) Asphalt
8. Clearway 200m for runway 05 and 300m for runway 23
9. Taxiway 30m Asphalt (52m with shoulders)

Table 9: Existing Airside Information

# Particular Description
1 Turning Pads 60 x 67.5 m
0.
1 Apron Area 74,250 sqm
1. Passenger
1 4 Passenger Boarding Bridges
2.
Source:CAA

Other Core Airport Facilities

A brief overview of various other core facilities at the airport is given below:

 Car Park

The passenger car parking is located to the front of the terminal and provides

688 spaces.

 Cargo

The cargo facility with 5,580 sq. m. of terminal building is located west of the
 terminal and has its own landside access road. The building is located on the

landside/airside boundary providing air cargo service to Davao.

 ATC

The air traffic control (ATC) tower is combined with the administration building

at its base for a total floor area of 1,405 sq. m. and it is positioned south west of

the cargo facility.

 Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting

The rescue and firefighting station is located further south of the ATC with direct

road to the runway and another one for the apron. The total facility has a 788

sq. m. building, with 6 fire trucks providing category 9 of Rescue and Fire

Fighting Service Standards of ICAO (Source: AIP September 2007).

 Fuel farm

Fuel is provided by 3 different suppliers on site, all of which provide JETA1:

o Petron (Philippines Airlines)

o Phoenix (Cebu)

o Lubwell (Air Asia and Sea Air)

 Maintenance and utilities

There is a Maintenance & FSS building (e.g. Maintenance of CAAP vehicles

and storage of consumables) (899 sq. m.) The others facilities on North West of

the runway are Airfield maintenance Building/Supply (1,277 sq. m.), Central

plant building (776 sq. m.) and the water treatment and storage facility.

 Air Force / Military activities

The remaining remote apron area, which used to be the apron of the old

terminal,is located south east of the runway.

 Kansai International Airport Case Study

"Largest man-made island"

A 22,000,000 cubic meters of reclaimed land,

4 km X 1km in size. Final cost of constructing both

island and passenger terminal was $14 billion US

dollars. Longest building in the world – 1.7

kilometers Since 1987 the island has subsided

approximately 10 meters. Since 2002 the rate of

submergence has decreased. ƒHit by the Kobe

Earthquake of 1995 and the terminal sustained no

damage.

Introduction

Japan, a country surrounded by sea, which

makes it necessary to promote the smooth exchange of people and goods in order to

stimulate the society and economy and to improve international competitiveness.

Development of airports in major metropolitan areas is currently being promoted

in order to deal with the increase demand for air services. The expansion project has

been launched at Tokyo International Airport, as well as the promotion of further

development at Narita International Airport, Kansai International Airport and CHUBU

CENTRAIR International Airport. In addition, the government is now promoting the Visit

Japan Campaign (VJC) nationwide, with the aim of establishing Japan as a tourist

destination. Efforts are therefore also being made to improve conditions for the

convenience of foreign travelers by creating a multilingual environment at airport

facilities.

Foreign Literature

ATM Center was established in 2005 to act as leading and central function in

order to drive forward Japanese Air Traffic Management (ATM) in accordance with new

ICAO CNS/ATM system concept. ATM Center works to promote air traffic safety and to

improve flight efficiency by integration of functions of Airspace Management which is to

use airspace efficiently, Air Traffic Flow Management which is to form smooth traffic flow

by adjustment or other initiatives and Air Traffic Control services using new

technologies. ATM Center’s functions are planned to upgrade step by step according to

a medium term planning.

Air Transport Bureau, Economic Analysis and Policy (EAP) Section

Specs and Status of Kansai International Airport

Number of aircrafts spots 81 spots

 Hours of operation 24 hours

Runway length Runway A : 3,500 m×1

Runway B : 4,000 m×1
  (Open Aug 2, 2007)
Airport area 1st airport island : Approx. 510 ha
2nd airport island : Approx. 545 ha
 (Under Construction)

Number of takeoffs and landings Approx. 129 thousand

per year (2012FY)

Number of passengers Total: Approx. 16.80 million

International : Approx. 11.42 million
Domestic : Approx. 5.38 million
(2012FY)

Volume of cargo Approx. 687 thousand tons

(2012FY)

Seeking Increased Convenience and Comfort

63 carriers operate flights to and from KIX, serving 66 cities in 25 countries and

regions around the world, including 11 domestic cities. Moreover, the airport offers

greater convenience to passengers, and passengers can move between domestic and

international airlines by just using an escalator or elevator inside the same terminal. In

addition, on October 28 2012, Terminal 2 at KIX came into service as the first LCC

(Low-Cost Carrier) terminal in Japan.

There are expressways and railways connecting KIX to other parts of the Kansai

region and it is easy to get around the region. Taking an example, the city center of

Osaka ―KIX, it takes about 30 minutes by limited express train and about 50 minutes

by airport shuttle bus

Overview of Terminal 1 Building

Features

The Domestic Departures floor in the Terminal 1 Building (2nd floor) is situated

between the International Departures floor (4th floor) and the International Arrivals floor

(1st floor). This sandwich construction ensures that transit between international and

domestic flights is a smooth process. Simply hop on an escalator or elevator to move

directly between the Domestic and International floors. Travel to international gates is

also comfortable and speedy thanks to an automated shuttle service.

 Overview of Terminal 2 Building

Features
 The new low-cost carrier (LCC) terminal building opened in October 2012.

Functionality, economy, safety and security were the key concepts for this one-story

building capable of providing service for both domestic and international flights. The

building is designed to accommodate LCC operations (boarding passengers by

boarding ramp instead of boarding bridge, small aircraft capable of departing from the

gate without a tow, etc.).

Passengers can access the terminal building by personal car, limousine bus

(some lines), taxi, or the free shuttle bus from Aeroplaza.

Capacity International Lines - 1.3 million passengers/year

Domestic Lines - 2.7 million passengers/year

Total Floor Area 29680.21m2

Building Height 7.745 m

Construction Steel frame

Levels One-story building

 Aeroplaza (Management Complex)

Situated on the west side of the Airport Station, the Aeroplaza is a combined

facility consisting of the Hotel Nikko Kansai Airport, restaurants and other facilities. It

meets the various needs that the users of a 24 hour airport have.

Building Total Floor Area Approx. 65,000 m2

Floors 11 above ground/1 below ground

Hotel Name Hotel Nikko Kansai Airport

Owner/Operator Kansai International Airport Co Ltd

Operated by JAL Hotels Co Ltd

Rooms 576 (4th - 11th floors)

Eating establishments Restaurants, Chinese, Japanese,

Restaurant/Bar, Teppanyaki Grill

Other Facilities Business Center, Car Parking

Kansai Airport Conference Large conference room - can be split in

Center half (x1), Medium-size conference room

(x2), Small conference room (x4)

Other facilities Restaurant, Convenience store, Souvenir shops, Bus stop for Terminal 2 Bldg.

Dental Clinic, Offices, Rental Car Counters

"Sky View" Observation Hall

An aviation theme park featuring a panoramic view of airplanes of the world. Fun

for all ages! Sky View features an informative museum on airports and airplanes, an

aviation-themed gift shop, a restaurant that serves in-flight meals, and more!
 Control Tower

The Control Tower is situated in an area that has a commanding view of the

whole airport. The Control Tower gives permission and guidance to aircraft near the

airport, on the runway, the taxiway, and the apron for take offs, landings, and taxiing.

The Control Tower at KIX is located near the center of the airport island and is built so

that the air traffic controller stands 80 m above the ground.

The KIX Control Tower is also responsible for terminal radar control in regions

beyond its aerodrome control area. It also controls all aircraft that take off and land at

Kansai International, Osaka International, Kobe and Yao airports, and other airports in

the larger Osaka Bay area. (Aerodrome Control Operations are handled by each

individual airport)

The Control Tower is operated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and

Transport.

Access Bridge (Sky Gate Bridge R)

The airport access bridge supports road and rail access between Rinku Town

and the airport itself. As the only land-based link between the airport and the mainland,

it is used by the majority of airport users. 

Bridge Length 3.75 km
 CIQ

CIQ stands for Customs, Immigration, and Quarantine. CIQ handle checks on all

arriving and departing passengers and freight. CIQ Offices are located in the passenger

area.

Marine Access Facilities

As KIX is an island airport located surrounded by sea, ensuring the availability of

marine transport access has been a priority.  At present, there are ferry services running

to Kobe Airport.

Customs Sniffer Dog Center

The Customs Sniffer Dog Center is a facility for training the sniffer dogs that are

used to detect drugs in customs checks.

Airport Weather Radar

The Japan Meteorological Agency collects a variety of meteorological data for

aviation use. It supplies this information to air traffic control and airline companies to aid

them in maintaining stable, regular, and efficient services. The facilities that observe,

forecast and communicate this data are called meteorological facilities. KIX has the

following meteorological facilities for observing weather conditions at the airport and in

its vicinity. These are installed and operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The

Japan Meteorological Agency offices are next to the control towe

Equipment No Function

.
 Doppler Radar for Airport 1 Detects the strength of rainfall, and the location and

Weather strength of turbulence in the area of precipitation by

eliminating echoes created by the shape of the terrain.

Wind vane and Anemometer 4 Measure direction and speed of wind

Runway Visual Range 6 Measure Runway Visual Range (RVR)

Ceilometer 4 Measure the height of the cloud base

Temperature,Humidity and  1 Measures a variety of meteorological data including

Precipitation Observation temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and

System precipitation.

Domestic Freight

Domestic Freight Agents Buildings - These buildings handle sorting and packing of

domestic freight.

Izumisano Municipal Fire Department, Airport Branch Station

Izumisano Municipal Fire Department, Airport Branch Station operates a branch

station which is responsible for all general fires and emergency situations on the airport

island.
 Osaka International Post Office

Osaka International Post Office serves as both an exchange center and a

customs clearance office.

Wastewater Treatment Facility (Purification Center)

Wastewater from the Passenger Terminal Building and other airport facilities

undergoes intensive treatment on-site. Once treated, a portion of this water is re-used

for non-drinking purposes, and the remainder is released into the sea.

Waste Disposal Facility (Clean Center)

Burnable waste generated by KIX facilities is incinerated at the Waste Disposal

Facility (Clean Center). Cans, glass and PET bottles, and other recyclables are

collected and recycled.

Aeronautical Light Facilities

KIX aeronautical lights meet Category II precision approach runway standards,

and contribute towards improving rate of service and regularity. KIX Aeronautical Light

Facilities are comprised of the aviation safety power supply facility that provides a

reliable power supply to these facilities, the observation and control facility that operates

and observes these facilities, and the operational maintenance facilities necessary for

the effective management of a 24 hour airport.

 Classification Information

Aerodrome Approach lights Lights which indicate the final approach path for aircraft

lights using ILS

Runway lights Lights that indicate the runway

Taxiway lights Lights that aid taxiing from the runway to the apron

Wind direction Lights for confirming wind direction

lights

Aerodrome lights Beacons indicating the airport’s location

Airline Company North Building

The offices of airline companies that operate from KIX, and related companies.

Heat Supply Center

The Airport Island's heat supply uses heat generated by the Energy Center in a

district heating and cooling system. There are three heat supply plants on the island, all

of which supply cool water and water vapor.

Animal Quarantine Service (KIX Quarantine)

The Animal Quarantine Service prevents the spread of rabies and other

infectious diseases via animals brought into the country from overseas. It detains and

inspects animals (such as dogs, cats, raccoons, foxes, skunks, and monkeys) that can

act as carriers so that any infections can be quickly and effectively contained.

Aeronautical Radio Navigation Aids

The Aeronautical Radio Navigation Aids used at KIX are all managed by the

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. The following navigation aids are used:
 Equipmen Function No.

VOR/DME VOR/DME is a radio navigation system that 1

allows the pilot of an aircraft in flight to location

calculate direction relative to magnetic north

and distance from a ground-based radio

transmitter.

ILS ILS is a system that emits directional radio 2 sets

signals to guide an aircraft on its approach to

the runway.

NDB NDB is a radio broadcast station which emits 1

non-directional radio signals to help pilots find location

direction.

Car Parks/Airport Station

The multi-story car park buildings and the airport station form a combined facility

above the station platforms. They are linked to the 2nd floor of the Terminal 1 Building

and the Aeroplaza by a connecting walkway.

Power Supply

Kansai Electric Power Co Ltd provides all the power used on the airport island.

Power is supplied to the island from a substation on the mainland via a 77 kv cable.

Power is then sent to users from an ultra high voltage substation on the island.

International Freight

Freight Agents Building This building handles the packing, weighing, customs
 Airline Companies clearance, consolidation, and Unit Load Device packing

of export freight.

Export Freight Building This building handles the storage, weighing, and Unit

Load Device packing of export freight.

Import Freight Building This building handles the sorting (primary), storage,

contents inspection, and customs clearance of import

freight.

Fumigation Warehouse This warehouse handles fumigation of certain imported

freight items (e.g. plant products that may harbor

harmful diseases or insects).

Fresh Produce Here imported fresh produce that has cleared customs

Warehouse is sorted by market/region.

Common temp- Preservation and packaging exclusively for

controlled  pharmaceutical products for import and export.

warehouse for 

pharmaceutical products

(KIX-Medica)

Aircraft Wastewater Treatment Facility (SD Plant)

Wastewater from aircraft is first treated at the Airport Facilities Co Ltd SD Plant

before being sent to the airports own wastewater treatment facility.

Hangar

This is an aircraft storage and maintenance facility. The area of the site is

approximately 20,000 m2 - a size that allows for the storage of one large, and one mid-

size jet.
 Aircraft Fueling Facilities

Aviation fuel is delivered by tanker and stored in tanks on-site. Fueling at KIX

uses a hydrant system whereby fuel is pumped into aircraft from underground tanks

beneath the apron by fuel trucks.

Fueling Facilities

Tanks - 10

Tank specs - Diameter: 29,500 mm, Height: 20,100 mm, Storage Capacity: 12,137 kl

New Kansai International Airport Company Building

This building is the headquarters of New Kansai International Airport Co Ltd and

also houses the offices of related companies.

Airline Company South Building

This building is home to the offices of airline companies that operate from KIX,

and also houses related companies.