Adolescence stage of maturation between childhood and adulthood.
The term denotes the period
from the beginning of puberty to maturity; it usually starts at about age 14 in males and age 12 in
females. The transition to adulthood varies among cultures, but it is generally defined as the time
when individuals begin to function independently of their parents.
Adulthood state of a person who has attained maturity or legal age. It is a period of optimum
mental functioning when the individual's intellectual, emotional, and social capabilities are at
their peak to meet the demands of career, marriage, and children. Some psychologists delineate
various periods and transitions in early to middle adulthood that involve crises or reassessments
of one's life and result in decisions regarding new commitments or goals. During the middle 30s
people develop a sense of time limitation, and previous behavior patterns or beliefs may be given
up in favor of new ones.
Motor Development
Cognitive development
The mental activities involved in the acquisition, processing, organization, and use of
knowledge are collectively termed cognition.
These activities include selective attention, perception, discrimination, interpretation,
classification, recall and recognition memory, evaluation, inference, and deduction.
The cognitive structures that are involved in these processes include schemata, images,
symbols, concepts or categories, and propositions. A schema is an abstract
representation of the distinctive characteristics of an event. These representations are not
photographic copies or visual images but are more like schematic blueprints that
emphasize the arrangement of a set of salient elements, which supply the schema with
distinctiveness and differentiate it from similar events.
The child's ability to recognize the face of another person is mediated by a schema, for
example. Young children already display a remarkable ability to generate and store
schemata.
Another type of early cognitive unit is the image; this is a mental picture, or the
reconstruction of a schema, that preserves the spatial and temporal detail of the event.
Emotional Development
Emotions are distinct feelings or qualities of consciousness, such as joy or sadness, that
reflect the personal significance of emotion-arousing events.
The major types of emotions include fear, sadness, anger, surprise, excitement, guilt,
shame, disgust, interest, and happiness.
These emotions develop in an orderly sequence over the course of infancy and childhood.