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Web-Based Student Result Management System
Thesis · October 2018
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Mohammad Gulam Lorgat
Universidade Católica de Moçambique
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Web-Based Student Result Management System
Sistema de gestión de resultados de estudiantes basado en la web
Mohammad Gulam Lorgat
ABSTRACT
The technological development and impact of computers and internet on our lives has been verified over time
affected various sectors of activity. And almost every task today is being run through computers. Getting
information and quickly turning it into a product that consumers want is the essential key to staying in business
and all of this is done nowadays using computers and applications or information systems. And the education
system is undeniably the backbone of the society, it focusses at preparing the young talents for the future.
However, currently the process of students’ result management and declaration at the Catholic University of
Mozambique, is performed manually with extensive human intervention, the students’ results are generated
through a spreadsheet application and then printed on a paper, attached to a wall for declaration and then
stored. The current project aims at creating a web-based student result management system, reducing time,
effort and improving security. The methodology adopted for the elaboration of the project is based on qualitative
study. The project results in the development of a multi-user system, based on web technology with MVC
architectural pattern and developed using Java programming language with Apache Tomcat Server and MySQL
Database Management System support.
Keywords: Information System. MVC. Java. Results. Students.
INTRODUCTION
The impact of computers and internet, on our lives today is probably much more than we really know.
Getting information and quickly turning it into a product that consumers want is the essential key to
staying in business and all of this is done nowadays using computers and applications or information
systems.
Stair and Reynolds (2018) state that, we live in a world where information has a real value and in order
to stay competitive, organizations use information systems. A system which permits people to
communicate instantaneously with one another, customers make purchases online using portable
devices, project members dispersed globally but collaborating on a single project effectively, financial
institutions manage billions of dollars, and manufacturers and suppliers track their inventory and
distribute goods faster than ever before.
And also, according to them, the information systems will continue to change businesses and the way
we live. Many corporate leaders are using technology to manage every aspect of their organization,
from product creation to customer service.
It has brought evolution in almost every field, it changed the ways of teaching, administration of
activities such as e-learning, e-library and online portals where teachers and students communicate,
and sharing of information has never been better.
Student result declaration and management are amongst the most important activities within a
university or any educational institution, since all other activities depend on it. Hence implementing
an information system can be declared a significance result.
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Referencing Sajja (2017), “it is not necessary that every system must be computerized system. A
system can be noncomputer-based system. The basic objective of doing the systems analysis and
design is to develop better procedures for business”.
Scope
The study aims at developing and implementing a web-based student result management system for
the Catholic University of Mozambique, replacing the old manually done paper work and to minimize
the security issues and the problems it possesses.
The proposed is a multi-user system, developed using Java programming language with Apache Tomcat
Server and MySQL DBMS (Database Management System) support.
The system is confined to and intended for the students. They possess privileges to check their results
after he/she is provided with a specific username and password for a secure login. The entire system
is managed by a system administrator, who possesses the full control of the system, to read, write and
execute the results and to assign privileges to teachers and students. And the teachers have the
privilege to assign the students’ marks, through which, a result will be generated automatically and
each student will have access to their results only, using their respective account.
Project Significance
The computerization of the current system will have an impact on the way the students access their
results and, how it is managed and generated by the institution’s employees. The system will make the
life much easier for the institution as they will be able to store data much better than how they were
able to do earlier.
The students will have a smart management of their results and will be able to keep track of their
progress with an ease of access, from anywhere, anytime and any device that has an internet
connection, and just by entering their respective credentials provided by the institution. Not only for
the students, but for the teachers and the institution’s employees managing the system as well. They
will be able to keep their data organized and secure.
The system will allow the teachers to grade the students even from home, then automatically perform
the grades calculation, and the students could easily access and print them. This avoids the teachers
from doing all the work manually, and have a better work quality and management that would reduce
time, human effort and errors.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Information System
According to Stair and Reynolds (2018), data consists of raw facts such as an employee number or total
hours worked in a week. And information is a collection of data organized and processed so that it has
additional value beyond the value of the individual facts. For example, a sales manager may want a
summarized sales report at the end of the month and online shopping websites bring sellers and
shoppers together electronically, so they share information and make recommendation while
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shopping online. And turning data into information is called a process or set of related tasks performed
to achieve a defined outcome.
They also state that, information helps in decision makings and achieving organization’s goals.
Moreover, valuable information can help people perform tasks more efficiently and effectively. And
knowledge is the process that defines the relationships among data to create useful information. For
instance, to shop effectively, the shopper needs understanding of the needs and desires so that he
purchases a specific brand, a specific flavor or according to specific ingredients considering the health
conditions.
In some cases, data is organized or processed manually. In other cases, a computer is used. An
information system is a system whose purpose is to process information. Referencing Sommerville
(2016), all systems that involve interaction with a shared database can be considered to be transaction-
based information systems. An information system allows controlled access to a large base of
information, such as a library catalog, a flight timetable, or the records of students in an institution.
An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate
data and information; an information system provides a feedback mechanism to monitor and control
its operation to make sure it continues to meet its goals and objectives. A computer-based information
system is a single set of hardware, software, databases, networks, people, and procedures that are
configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information. (Stair & Reynolds, 2018).
Web-Based Information System
Sommerville (2016) states that, “Information systems are almost always web-based systems, where
the user interface is implemented in a web browser.”
In a web-based system, the Internet serves as the front end, or interface, for the database
management system. Internet technology provides enormous power and flexibility because the
related information system is not tied to any specific combination of hardware and software.
Access to the database requires only a web browser and an Internet connection. Web-based systems
are popular because they offer ease of access, cost effectiveness, and worldwide connectivity, all of
which are vital to companies that must compete in a global economy (Tilley & Rosenblatt, 2017).
According to Sommerville (2016), instead of writing software and deploying it on users’ personal
computers, the software is deployed on a web server. This made it much cheaper to change and
upgrade the software, as there is no need to install the software on every personal computer. It also
reduced costs, as user interface development is particularly expensive.
Wherever it has been possible to do so, businesses have moved to web-based interaction with
company software systems. And as the information system is web-based, its physical architecture is
automatically based on the client-server model. Where server provides or serves services to the clients,
and the clients requests and uses them.
Web applications are composed of web components and other data such as HTML pages. Web
components can be servlets, JSP pages, web filters, and web event listeners. These components
typically execute in a web server and may respond to HTTP requests from web clients. Servlets, JSP
pages, and filters may be used to generate HTML pages that are an application’s user interface (Barry,
2018).
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Information System in Education
According to Freund, et al. (2017), nowadays people interact directly with technology in fields such as
education, government, finance, retail, entertainment, health care, science, travel, publishing, and
manufacturing.
And they also state that, educators and teaching institutions use technology to assist with education.
Most equip labs and classrooms with laptops or desktops. Some even provide computers or mobile
devices to students. Many require students to have a mobile computer or mobile device to access the
school’s network or Internet wirelessly, or to access digital-only content provided by a textbook
publisher.
And educators may use a Course Management System (CMS), sometimes called a Learning
Management System (LMS), which is a software that contains tools for class preparation, distribution,
and management. For example, through the course management system, students access course
materials, grades, assessments, and a variety of collaboration tools.
Many schools offer distance learning classes, where the delivery of education occurs at one place while
the learning occurs at other locations. Distance learning courses provide time, distance, and place
advantages for students who live far from a campus or work full time.
Referencing Wallace (2015), The LMS is an information system used to track student progress, and
manage educational records. Many offer other features, such as online registration, assessment tools,
collaborative technologies, and payment processing. They also offer tools for creating or importing
content.
And she also states that, people are so accustomed to social networking and other web applications
that it is an easy step to build these tools into an online platform or environment.
And referencing Wundenberg (2015), LMS characterizes a complex, often web based software system
which pools multiple task specific subprograms under a shared User Interface (UI). These subprograms
support, for instance:
• Allocation and organization of learning content for different learning scenarios;
• School administration;
• Information management;
• Online school business related communication.
Learning Management System Features
Dias, et al. (2014) state that, LMS Moodle (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment),
a free and open source platform based on socio constructivist perspectives developed by Dougiamas
in 1999, allows users to incorporate various resources and functionalities in a modular structure.
Additionally, seen as a Course Management System (CMS), Moodle can be used to manage the
students’ path, to monitor their performance, to create and distribute content, to organize e-activities,
to evaluate, as well as to provide tools for communication, collaboration and interaction between the
peers involved in the educational process.
However, it is important to underline that incorporation of a wide range of activities in the LMS per se
does not seem sufficient to enhance the teaching learning process. These kind of learning platforms
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(e.g., Blackboard, Formare, Moodle, Teleformar, WebCT) should be seen as an opportunity for
institutions to develop learning materials, online courses, tests and evaluations, databases and to
online monitor students’ progress.
Furthermore, Wundenberg (2015) states that, an LMS also has to represent a number of characteristics
to satisfy the stakeholders’ needs:
• User friendly, intuitive design and self-explanatory functionalities;
• Adequacy for the users’ levels of experience and knowledge;
• High system robustness against data-loss or system failure;
• High data security standards;
• Easy accessibility;
• System flexibility for institutions’ individual configurations and concept adaptations.
According to Foreman (2018), an LMS differs from other information systems and it has its own
features that allows schools and institutions to manage users and courses and administer the system.
• The user management features of an LMS include user account creation, authentication,
user profiles, and roles and permissions.
• The course management includes managing lessons and assignments, post a course syllabus, learning
goals, and schedule, provide interactive activities such as surveys, quizzes, and polls, upload and
download multimedia course materials, conduct web conferences, send instructor-student messages
and messages among students and establish student groups.
• The academic features are those that require special permission and, generally, are not accessible to
students. They include class rosters and gradebooks, reports, analytics and statistics, and tools for
developing courses and lessons in the system.
Moreover, the current project focuses on the section where the professors and students are registered
into the system and are enrolled in respective subjects, allowing the professors, to grade the students
and monitor their progress. And allows the students to view their own progress or results on each
enrolled course.
DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES
Since the system is web-based and its physical architecture is based on client-server model, its
development technologies are divided in two categories: server-side and client-side.
Java
A programming language is the mean to communicate with the computer, to instruct and teach how
to perform certain tasks. For that purpose, there exists many programming languages worth learning
and implementing in projects. For example, C++, C#, php, Java and others.
According to Heffelfinger (2017), the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) is a collection of API
(Application Programming Interface) specifications designed to work together when developing
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server-side, enterprise Java applications, for developing and running large-scale, multi-tiered, scalable,
reliable, and secure network applications.
Web applications run on web servers. And Apache Tomcat server was used to run the proposed
system. Apache Tomcat is an open-source web server based on Java programming language which
implements Java EE specifications (JSP, servlet and others) and provide an environment to run Java
code.
Database Management System
Computers do not make businesses successful. Intelligent use of information helps make businesses
successful. Computers are a tool in using information intelligently. Databases are one of the two key
technologies that make today’s intelligent uses of information practical. To get the information we
need when we need it, that information must be properly organized (Mallach, 2016).
Each field in a database contains one data item that has meaning to the organization. A student’s family
name may be a field in a university database. Other fields in that database may store the student’s
major, expected year of graduation, hometown, and all the other information universities keep about
their students.
And using databases requires database management system (DBMS) to store and retrieve data on
behalf of users and applications.
Referencing Tilley and Rosenblatt (2017), a DBMS is a collection of tools, features, and interfaces that
enables users to add, update, manage, access, and analyze data. From a user’s point of view, the main
advantage of a DBMS is that it offers timely, interactive, and flexible data access.
HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a markup language for creating web documents (web pages).
The main function of a browser is to receive the web page as HTML from the web server and display
it. The browser applies all fonts, styles, and layouts specified by the HTML tags and CSS property values.
This content can be further manipulated by using JavaScript, the programming language of the browser
(Wolf & Henly, 2017).
CSS
Referencing Wolf and Henly (2017), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) allow to specify the visual style and
presentation of a web application. CSS allows to separate the style from the structure. This technique
lessens the code from the pages. The separation of style from structure and content also increases
maintainability. Cascading Style Sheets are a set of programmable rules to define how web pages
display content.
JavaScript
JavaScript is the language of the browser. It is an object-oriented programming language. Although
JavaScript looks much like Java because both were based on C and C++, it is not at all related. JavaScript
is often used to programmatically interact with an HTML page. It does this by interacting with the DOM
(Document Object Model). JavaScript is supported by all major browsers). Because many developers
find JavaScript challenging to work with, various libraries have been developed over the years to
simplify the routine tasks of working with JavaScript. And JQuery is one of the popular and most used
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libraries that works across all browsers, support JavaScript and makes working with JavaScript much
more consistent. JQuery is used extensively in Bootstrap (Wolf & Henly, 2017).
Bootstrap
Bootstrap is a library or framework for developing responsive web applications or that automatically
adapts web pages in different devices. Without responsive design, all the development would have to
be done manually. It allows to quickly develop an application interface without spending lots of time
learning and writing HTML, CSS, or JavaScript codes. Bootstrap requires jQuery to function, and it
contains design templates for typography, forms, buttons, navigation, and other interface components
(Wolf & Henly, 2017).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A research methodology is the elaboration of a clear strategy for gathering evidence, including the
specific data collection methods to be used, the kinds of evidence to be collected, and the approach
for analyzing the evidence (Darian-Smith & McCarty, 2017). It is the path to solve a research problem.
Hence it must be planned according to the objectives of the study.
Research Design
The research design used in this study is qualitative. Dawson (2015) states that, a qualitative research
method is a scientific method of observation, used to gather non-numerical data and that enables to
conduct in-depth studies about a broad array of topics. They are more common within the field of
information science and involve methods such as case studies and surveys.
Data Collection Method
Refers to the methods used to obtain and gather all the required data and information for the
execution of the current project. The data was collected using both, by primary data collection
methods as well as secondary sources.
Primary data are the original data that has been collected specially for the purpose in mind. And data
collected from the original source using one or more of the primary data collection methods such as,
interviews, observations, surveys, etc. (Darian-Smith & McCarty, 2017). In the current project most of
the information were gathered through primary sources. And the methods that were used to collect
the primary data are: on site observation, structured interview and document analysis.
Secondary data is the one that was collected and that has already been analyzed by someone else
other than the user. This means that huge data sets are already out there, either completely
unanalyzed or ready to be analyzed in new and creative ways. Furthermore, many of these data sets
are inexpensive or freely available to researchers. And for an average scholar, doing secondary
research on existing data can be more convenient, much faster, and less expensive than trying to do
one’s own primary research to collect new data (Darian-Smith & McCarty, 2017). And the secondary
data was collected through: books, thesis and internet or Web.
Data Analysis
The classification and tabulation transform the raw data collected into useful information by organizing
and compiling the bits of data into graphically understandable manner, and in the current project, it
was done with the help of a UML modeling tool, Astah.
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System Development
System development is a set of activities used to build an information system. System development
activities often are grouped into larger categories called phases. This collection of phases sometimes
is called the system development life cycle (SDLC), each system development phase consists of a series
of activities (Freund, et al., 2017).
And in the current project, to develop the Web-Based Student Result Management System, the
incremental model was employed, which is now the most common approach for the development of
application systems and software products.
Incremental development is based on the idea of developing an initial implementation, getting
feedback from users and others, and evolving the software through several versions until the required
system has been developed. Rarely a complete problem solution is worked out in advance but it moves
toward a solution in a series of steps, backtracking when realized that some mistake have been made.
By developing the software incrementally, it is cheaper and easier to make changes in the software as
it is being developed (Sommerville, 2016).
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
The analysis phase answers the questions of who will use the system, what the system will do, and
where and when it will be used. During this phase, the project team investigates any current system(s),
identifies opportunities for improvement, and develops a concept for the new system (Dennis, Wixom,
& Tegarden, 2015).
Referencing Valacich and George (2017), because analysis is a large and involved process, it is divided
into two main activities to make the overall process easier to understand:
• Requirements determination: a factfinding activity.
• Requirements structuring: an activity that creates a thorough and clear description of current
business operations and new information processing services.
Requirements Determination
According to Dennis, et al. (2015), the requirements determination turns the very high-level
explanation of the business requirements stated in the system request into a more precise list of
requirements that can be used as inputs to the rest of analysis. And a requirement is simply a
statement of what the system must do or what characteristic it must have. The system requirements
are often classified as functional and non-functional requirements.
The following are the functional requirements of the current system:
[FR01] – The system will have three types of users: Administrator, Professor and Student.
[FR02] – The system will allow access to users account after authentication.
[FR03] – The system will prepare the students result report.
[FR04] – The system will allow the Administrators to create accounts for professors and students.
[FR05] – The system will allow the Administrators to register new subjects.
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[FR06] – The system will allow the Administrators to manage all the professors’, students’ and subject’s
records.
[FR07] – The system will allow the Administrators to assign and update students’ grades.
[FR08] – The system will allow the Administrators, professors and students to modify their passwords.
[FR09] – The system will allow the Administrators to assign subjects to professors.
[FR10] – The system will allow the Administrators to enroll students in a particular subject.
[FR11] – The system will allow the Administrators to generate results.
[FR12] – The system will enable the students to check their results.
[FR13] – The system will enable the students to print their results reports.
[FR14] – The system will enable the professors to assign grades to students.
[FR15] – The system will allow the professors to generate results
And the following are the non-functional requirements of the current system:
[NFR01] – The system should be developed based on web technology.
[NFR02] – The system should be in Portuguese language.
[NFR03] – The system should be implemented using Java programming language;
[NFR04] – The system should be able to connect and perform operations on DBMS MySQL.
[NFR05] – The system should be able to work on any web browser.
[NFR06] – The system should be available for use 24 hours per day, 365 days per year.
[NFR07] – Only administrators can manage professors’ and students’ account and subjects’ records.
[NFR08] – The system should have a user-friendly UI.
[NFR09] – The system should use Apache Tomcat v8 or higher as the Application Server.
[NFR10] – The system should be executed on JDK v8 or higher.
[NFR11] – The system should support multiple simultaneous users’ access at all times.
[NFR12] – The system should have a higher level of security, restricting access to some functionalities
according to users’ role.
Requirements Structuring
Valacich and George (2017) state that, “organizing, or structuring, system requirements results in
diagrams and descriptions (models) that can be analyzed to show deficiencies, inefficiencies, missing
elements, and illogical components of the current business operation and information systems”.
According to Tilley and Rosenblatt (2017), a use case diagram visually represents the interaction
between users and the information system. In a use case diagram, the user becomes an actor, with a
specific role that describes how he or she interacts with the system. Systems analysts can draw use
case diagrams freehand or use CASE tools that integrate the use cases into the overall system design.
The following figure represents the use case diagram of the proposed system.
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Figure 1: Use Case Diagram
An activity diagram resembles a horizontal flowchart that shows the actions and events as they occur.
Activity diagrams show the order in which actions take place and identify the outcome (Tilley &
Rosenblatt, 2017).
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Figure 2: Activity Diagram
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
A development environment refers to the mix of software tools, methods, and physical resources that
an IT (Information Technology) team uses to create an information system. It usually is easier to use
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an IDE (Integrated Development Environment), which uses built-in tools provided by the software
vendor (Tilley & Rosenblatt, 2017). And for the development of the current system, Eclipse IDE was
used which is a well-known IDE, it is free, open-source, and community-supported.
The implementation or coding of the proposed system was performed using Java programming
language which is based on the object-oriented paradigm. It organizes the system in modules or classes
within their respective packages. And has become a popular approach not only in the field of
programming but for system analysis and design.
The current system was implemented based on the software architecture standard, MVC, which
describes its three layers. The information flow of this project using the MVC standard highlights in the
View layer, that is, the client section where information or resources are requested from the system.
The Controller layer is responsible for receiving the requests and then processing and directing them
to the Model layer in charge of satisfying the request by retrieving the information from the database.
Then it passes the information obtained, to the Controller which delivers the response to the View and
finally displays the information to the client, through the browser.
TESTING
Sommerville (2016), points that, testing is intended to show that a program does what it is intended
to do and to discover program defects before it is put into use. When a software or system is tested,
it is executed using artificial data. Then the results of the test are checked for errors, anomalies, or
information about the program’s non-functional attributes. There are three stages of testing: unit
testing, integration testing and system testing.
For the current system testing, static testing was performed, inspecting the code for errors. The errors
were detected with the aid of Eclipse IDE. And dynamic testing was also performed, where white-box
approach was undertaken as the program structure and the way it was programmed is well known.
However, a few of black-box testing has been performed on the system as well.
CONCLUSION
The present project was based on the computerization and the implementation of a sophisticated
Web-Based Student Result Management System for the Catholic University of Mozambique. The main
objective was to enhance and automate the management and declaration of students’ results using a
computerized system. A well-defined, efficient, controlled and managed information system or
software based on web technology storing, processing and providing information through the internet.
And the objectives were achieved by following a process model such as system analysis, design, system
implementation and testing. The system analysis was composed of two activities, requirement
determination and structuring. The first activity focused on the collection of data or requirements
through structured interview, work environment observation and by collecting procedures and other
written documents. And the latter, performed the modeling of the collected data and processes,
transforming it into UML diagrams with the aid of a UML modeling tool, Astah into a graphically
understandable manner.
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The design started with the definition of the system physical architecture where client-server model
was employed, a relational database was designed which defines system’s data organization, storage
and management. And went through the process called normalization that resulted in a data model
that has the properties of simplicity, non-redundancy, and minimal maintenance. Which was
represented through the ERD with the help of MySQL Workbench.
And the system design was finalized with the creation of a friendly user interface of the system. The
implementation of the system was facilitated by the use of the Java EE platform. An essential tool for
developing the system was Eclipse IDE. And some technologies like Apache Tomcat, Java programming
language, MySQL DBMS, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap and JavaScript. Following the object-oriented
programming paradigm and based on the MVC architecture pattern. And finally, the system testing
was performed to verify if it meets what was specified in the analysis phase and to discover program
defects before it is put into use. The system went through three stages of testing: unit, integration and
system testing. Therefore, with the conclusion of the project, it was possible to perceive the
importance of an information system.
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