Technological Institute of the Philippines
938 Aurora Boulevard Cubao Quezon City
Experiment No.1
Electrical components, devices, instruments, and symbols
Name: ALMONTE, BADILLO, CANDELARIA,
DENILA, TADLE, VILLACORTE Date submitted: February 06, 2021
Course and section: EE 001-IE32S1 Professor: DE LA CRUZ, ALVIN
Rating
Date: Feb. 06, 2021
Table 1-1. Electrical Components, Illustration, Standard Symbols and Functions
Component Illustration Standard Symbol Function
A resistor is a
passive electrical
Resistor component with
the primary
function to limit
the flow of electric
current.
Capacitors are
Capacitor electrical devices
that store energy,
and they are in
most electrical
circuits.
An inductor is a
passive electronic
Inductor component which
is capable of
storing electrical
energy in the form
of magnetic
energy. Basically,
it uses a conductor
that is wound into
a coil, and when
electricity flows
into the coil from
the left to the right,
this will generate a
magnetic field in
the clockwise
direction.
A thermistor is a
resistance
Thermistor thermometer, or a
resistor whose
resistance is
dependent on
temperature. The
term is a
combination of
“thermal” and
“resistor”.
With an NTC
thermistor, when
the temperature
increases,
resistance
decreases.
Conversely, when
temperature
decreases,
resistance
increases. This
type of thermistor
is used the most.
The most common
function of a diode
Diode is to allow an
electric current to
pass in one
direction (called
the diode's
forward direction),
while blocking it in
the opposite
direction (the
reverse direction).
As such, the diode
can be viewed as
an electronic
version of a check
valve.
A battery stores
chemical energy
Battery and transforms it to
electrical energy.
The chemical
reactions in a
battery require the
movement of
electrons through
an external circuit
from one substrate
(electrode) to
another. An
electric current that
can be used to do
work is given by
the movement of
electrons.
A transformer is an
electrical device
Transformer designed to switch
from one voltage to
another alternating
current. It can be
built for voltages
of "step up" or
"step down" and
operates on the
theory of magnetic
induction.
Table 1-2. Measuring Instrument, Functions and Connections
Component Illustration Standard Symbol Function
A galvanometer is an
electromechanical
Galvanometer instrument used for
detecting and
indicating an electric
current. A
galvanometer works
as an actuator, by
producing a rotary
deflection of a
pointer, in response
to electric current
flowing through a
coil in a constant
magnetic field.
Instrument for
measuring electrical
Ohmmeter resistance, which is
expressed in ohms.
In the simplest
ohmmeters, the
resistance to be
measured may be
connected to the
instrument in parallel
or in series.
A voltmeter is an
instrument that
Voltmeter measures the
difference in
electrical potential
between two points
in an electric circuit.
An analog voltmeter
moves a pointer
across a scale in
proportion to the
circuit's voltage; a
digital voltmeter
provides a numerical
display.
An instrument for
measuring the flow
Ammeter of electrical current
in amperes.
ammeters are always
connected in series
with the circuit to be
tested.
Wattmeter is an
instrument of
Wattmeter electrical power
meter which is a
combination of
voltmeter and
ampere meter. Direct
current power
measurements can be
made using the
Wattmeter gauge.
A clamp meter is an
Clamp meter electrical test tool
that combines a basic
digital multimeter
with a current sensor.
Having a hinged jaw
integrated into an
electrical meter
allows technicians to
clamp the jaws
around a wire, cable
or other conductor at
any point in an
electrical system,
then measure current
in that circuit without
disconnecting/deener
gizing it.
Oscilloscopes (or
Oscilloscope scopes) test and
display voltage
signals as
waveforms, visual
representations of the
variation of voltage
over time. The
signals are plotted on
a graph, which shows
how the signal
changes.
ANSWERS:
1.) A clamp-on ammeter or simply 'clamp meter' is an instrument that is used to measure the
current flowing through a conductor. An AC Clamp meter consists of a current
transformer in its jaws, bar CT usually. For calculating high amounts of current, clamp
meters are recommended. Without causing damage to the meter, DMMs will not test 10 A
of current for longer than 30 seconds. A minimum current range of 0 A to 100 A is given
by the clamp meters.
2.) Insulation resistance is one of the critical readings of marine electrical equipment systems
and serves as the best guide to indicate the health of the electrical machinery. The
insulation resistance is the ability of the insulation material to resist the current flow. With
time, the insulation begins to age, and it causes deterioration in the performance of the
insulation. Harsh operating environments where the electrical insulation is exposed to
extreme operating temperatures, moisture, and chemical contamination, as experienced on
a ship, will accelerate the deterioration process. It’s extremely critical to always know this
electrical condition (IR) of the insulation in a ship's electrical equipment at all times to
avoid any accident such as electrical shock, fire, short circuit, etc. Insulation resistance is
measured between the insulated conductors and earth and between conductors.
3.) With the help of many other electrical instruments and equipment such as multimeter,
megger, clamp meter, etc., some form of electrical operation or repair work is to be
carried out. To run all these instruments, a marine engineer must know the proper
operating procedures and should also know how to interpret the readings. Each electrical
system's starter panel consists of contacts that need routine maintenance for burnouts,
breakages, accumulation of deposits, etc. Maintenance of the starter panel is part of the
scheduled maintenance work, and before undertaking the same, all safety precautions
must be taken. For starter panel repairs, marine engineers must know the proper
technique. An insulation sheath is provided for all the wires and cables in the electrical
grid. After a time of service, this cover can get affected. If the reading of the insulation
resistance is on the lower side, short circuit, earth fault and damage to the equipment can
result. Sea engineers must consider how the insulation resistance of wires and cables can
be preserved.
On boats, electrical motors are present in abundance. These engines drive various other
sets of equipment, such as generators, fans, purifiers, etc. Maintenance of these engines
should be carried out in conjunction with and after the failure of the scheduled
maintenance scheme. The full engine overhaul process must be understood by the marine
engineer, including the necessary safety procedures. Batteries are primarily used for
emergency power backup and LSA emergency activities, such as lifeboats. Battery
charging and servicing must be carried out at regular intervals, and marine engineers are
aware of this process.
4.)
5.)
REFLECTION:
After doing this activity we can illustrate different electrical and electrical devices,
components, analog and digital measuring instruments as well as their functions. Also we can
gain knowledge on how to connect electrical testing instruments and devices in conducting
analysis. We have also learned that electrical testing in its most fundamental structure is the
demonstration of applying a voltage or flow to a circuit and contrasting the deliberate an
incentive with a normal outcome. Electrical test hardware checks the math behind a circuit and
each piece of test gear is intended for a particular application. It is the work of a test specialist to
realize what piece of test gear to use for the job that needs to be done and comprehend the limits
of the test hardware they are utilizing. In this article, we investigate the most widely recognized
bits of test gear utilized in the field. The skills and knowledge that we gained in this activity will
greatly help us in our future career and our daily life activity. It will help us maintain electrical
components and will ensure safety in the facility.
