IIX.

PROPERTIE6 OF HYDROGEN

CONTENTS

A. P-p-T of Normal and Para-hydrogen a t t h e T r i p l e Point,

B o i l i n g Point, and C r i t i c a l P o i n t .

B. Ortho-Para Hydrogen Composition a t Equilibrium

C. Vapor P r e s s u r e
1. Vapor Pressure Normal Hydrogen
2 . Vapor P r e s s u r e Para-Hydrogen
3 . Vapor P r e s s u r e D i f f e r e n c e

D. Density of Liquid H2 ( A t S a t u r a t i o n )
1. Normal Hydrogen
2. Para-Hydrogen
3 . Density D i f f e r e n c e s

E. Compressibility Factor f o r Normal Hydrogen

F. S p e c i f i c Heat
1. S p e c i f i c H e a t of Liquid Para-Hydrogen
2, S p e c i f i c Heat of Normal Gaseous Hydrogen
3 . Reduced Specific Heat D i f f e r e n c e s

G. Heat of Vaporization
1. Heat of Vaporization Normal Liquid Hydrogen
2. D i f f e r e n c e s i n L a t e n t H e a t

H. Enthalpy and Entropy

1. Temperature Entropy C h e s t f o r Normal Hydrogen
2, Tabulated P r o p e r t i e s of Normal Hydrogen Vapor
and Liquid and S a t u r a t e d Vapor of Para-hydrogen
3 . Tabulated P r o p e r t i e s o f Liquid and Vapor Para-
hydrogen
4. Temperature Entropy C h a r t f o r Para-hydrogen
5. Enthalpy-Entropy Chart f o r Para-hydrogen
6. Reduced Entropy D i f f e r e n c e s

I. Thermal Conductivity
1. Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Hydrogen
2. Thermal Conductivity of Gaseous Hydrogen
3 . Thermal Conductivity R a t i o of Para t o Normal Hydrogen

111-INDEX-1
J. D i e l e c t r i c Constant
1. Liquid Hydrogen
2. Gaseous Hydrogen

K. S u r f a c e Tension
1. Liquid Hydrogen

L. Viscosity
1. V i s c o s i t y of Liquid Para-hydrogen
2. V i s c o s i t y of Gaseous Normal Hydrogen
3 . Viscosity Differences

M. Velocity of Sound
1. V e l o c i t y of Sound i n Liquid Para-hydrogen
2. V e l o c i t y of Sound i n Para-hydrogen
3. V e l o c i t y o f Sound i n Hydrogen General

111-INDEX-2 8
 P-p-T OF NORMAL AND PARAHYDROGEN AT THE TRIPLE POINT,
BOILING POINT, AND CRITICAL POINT

Source of Data: R.B. S t e w a r t and H. M. Roder

Chapter 11. P r o p e r t i e s of Normal and
Parahydrogen. p . 379-404 i n Technology
and U s e s of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon
Press, New York (1964)

Comments: These v a l u e s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d f r o m d a t a
r e f e r e n c e d i n t h e S t e w a r t and Roder p a p e r .

N o r m a l Hydrogen Parahydrogen

Triple Point
Pressure, a t m 0.071 0.0695
Temperature OK 13.947 13,.803
Density (Solid) g mole/cm3 0.04301 0.04291
D e n s i t y ( L i q u i d )g mole/cm3 0.03830 0.03821
D e n s i t y (Vapor) g mole/cm3 0.0000631 0.0000624

B o i l i n g P o i n t (1 atm)
Temperature, OK 20.380 20.268
D e n s i t y ( L i q u i d )g m o l e / c m 3 0.0352 0.03511
D e n s i t y (Vapor) g mole/cm3 0.0006606 0.0006636

C r i t i c a l Point
Pressure, a t m 12.98 12.759
Temperature, OK 33.18 32.976
D e n s i t y , g mole/cm3 0.01494 0.01559

[Link]. = 2.01594 g/g mole, based on t h e C12 = 12.000 scale

r e c e n t l y adopted.

. \
Ill-A
 100
.
The equilibrium concentration of ortho and para hydrogen i n the ideal. gas state has
been calculated by Woolley, Scott, and Brickwedde (1948), J. Res. Natl. Bur. Std. 2, 379-475.
The effect of pressure on these equilibrium concentrations is considered to be negligible.
These values are tabulated and illustrated graphically below. The NBS-1939Temperature Scale
was used in this table.

Ortho-Para Composition at Equilibrium

Percentage
in para form
for Ha
99.9999
99.821
97.0a
88.727
77.054
65.569
55.991
48.537
42.882
38.620
32.959
28.603
25-974
25.264
25.072

I-
$ 50

25
0 IO0 200 300

TEMPERATURE , O K

Reprinted f r o m NBS Report 8812

111-B
 14

13

I 12

II

IO

-
u)
0)
9

k i 8
r
P
In
E
0 7

W
a 6
3
UJ
#
W
a 5
a

I""":"'""'""'":''""''L
5 IO 15 20 25 30 ?15
TEMPERATURE, OK

111-c-1.1
 VAPOR PRESSURE NORMAL HYDROGEN

Source of Data: Table 11 A, Chapter 11 "Technology and

U s e s of Liquid Hydrogen", 381, Pergamon
Press

Temperature Pressure
0 atm
K
13.947 0.071
14 0.073
15 0.125
16 0.202
17 0.310
18 , 0.456
19 0.648
20 0.891
20.380 1 .ooo
21 1.196
22 1.569
23 2.018
24 2.551
25 3.178
26 3.906
27 4.746
28 5.705
29 6.794
30 8.023
31 9.410
32 10.94
33 12.65
33.18 12.98

111-c-1.2
I I I - 1

5 IO 15 20 25 30 35
TEMPERATURE, OK

111-c-2.1
 VAPOR PRESSURE PARA-HYDROGEN

Source of Data: Table I1 A, Chapter 11 "Technology

and U s e s of Liquid Hydrogen", 381,
Pergamon Press

Temperature Pressure, atm

K
0

13.803 0.069
14 0.077
15 0.132
16 0.212
17 0.325
18 0.475
19 0.672
20 0,922
20.268 1.000
21 1.233
22 1.612
23 2.069
24
25
.
2 610
3.245
26 3.981
27 4.828
28 5.793
29 6.886
30 8.117
31 9.500
32 11.051
32.976 12.759

III-c-2.2
Reprinted from NBS Report 8812 ~
111-C-3
TEMPERATURE, O K

111-D-1.1
 DENSXTY OF BO %I

Source of Data: . R.B. Stewart

Properties OE
p.379-404 in
Hydrogen, Per 8, New York (1964)

Comments : s w e r e calculated from data

referenced in t h e Stewart and Roder paper.

Temper a tu r e Dens ity ,

K
0
Sat. L i q u i d a t .Vapor
13.947 0.03830
14
15
26 @BA3742
17 0 .03695
18 0 .a3647
19 0 .a3595
20
28.380 .
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28 I

29
30
31
32
33
33.18 $94.0 'I

111-D-1.2
 L
).
c
0
a
0 0
5
v)
u

-
z
v)

w
n z
v)

W
cl

IO . 15 20 25 30 35
TEMPERATURE, OK

111-D-2.1.
 DENSITY OF LIQUID PARA-EiYDRWE3S

Source of Data: R . B . Stewart and H.M. Roder Chapter 11.

P r o p e r t i e s of N o m a 1 and Parahydrogen.
p. 379.484 i n Technology and U s e s of
Liquid Hydrogen, Pexgmon Press, New
York (1964)

comments : These values wexe calculated from d a t a

referenced i n t h e Stewart and Roder paper.

Temperature
K Sat. L i q u i d
0
S a t . Vapor

13,803 0.03821
14 0.03812 6.9,O
15 0.03770 11 .(I4
16 0 -03726 16.78
17 0.03679 24.40
18 0.03631 , 34 e 20
19 0.03980 46.53
20 0.03526 61.96
20.268 0.03511 66.36
21 0 .03469 80.30
22 0.03409 to2.7
23 0.03344 129.6
24 0 A4274 L61.5
25 0.03199 t99.3
0 .OX17 244 .P
~

26
27 0 .03026 297.6
28 (% .02925 162.0
29 0.02810 140.8
30 0.02675 i40.9,
31 0,02509 i71.7
32 168 .Q
32.976 0 .Ol559 559.0

111-D-2.2
 Y
0
c
W
K
3
t-
4
K .
W
P
z
W
I-
Reprinted from NBS Report 8812
111-D-3
 e m
PRESSURE. ~ s i a
2 4

- --
E p e e i f i YOlVme Den,
H - --
CC/mOlC p/ce
H
Cck-

H A
8
1708
.a54
7476.
3738
.oM)2657
.voo5393
I C ,113 2243 .000898Y
M 0 556.3 1121 .OVL798
E 278.1 561.7 .VV3595
F 185.4 373.8 ,005393
c 139.1 280.4 .W7191
H 111.3 224.1 .008989
I 92.71 186.9 ,01079
3 79.47 1ti0.2 .on58
Y 69.53 140.2 .01438
L 61.81 124.6 .O1618
n 55.63 112.1 .V179B
EI 50.57 101.9 .VI977
0 46.36 93.45 .02157
P 42.79 86.26 ,02337
05
2 39.73
37.08
34.77
80.10
74.76
70.09
.02517
.02697
.02876
f 32.72 65.97 .03056
U 30.90 62.30 .03236
0.4 V 29.28 59.02 .OX16
Y 27.81 56.17 .03595
X 26.49 59.40 .03775
Y 25.28 50.97 .03955
0.3 z 24.19 48.76 .C4135
M 23.18 4b.73 .W31S
81 22.25 44.86 .a494
cc 12.90 26 .07754
00 13.14 26.5 .07608
0.2 EE
I?
13.39
13.a
27
27.5
.07467
.07331
ffi 13.89 ,07204
m 14.14 ::.5 .07074
11 14.38 29 .06952

pld I density,

118 01 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2 4 6 8 1 0 20 40 60 80 100

PRESSURE. at rnospheres
30

25

IO
 SPEGEFIC HEAT (co) of U Q ,
PARA HYDROGEN
( A t saturation)

Sources of &ita:
JoklllsLon, B. L., CWb, J. T., Rifkin, E. B. and Kern, E. C., J. Am.
mem* %C* E,3933 (1950)
Smith, 8 . E., Hallett, PI. C, and Johnston, E. E., J. Am. Chem. SOC. 76,
14% (1954)
Other References :
Bonnhoefer, K. P. and Hasteck, P., Natwiss. 17 182 (1929)
-9

~ p h y s e . W m . &, 158 (1929)

C L U S ~ W , K. and Hi%Ler, K . Z.
-
Dewar, J., Psoc. Roy. Soc. (London) A76, 325 (195)
Eucken, A., Verhadl. deut. physik. Ges. 18, - 4-17 (1916)
Keesom, W. H., @oamn. RAD. Lab. Univ. k i d e n 137e (1911)
Simon, F. anad Lange, W., Z. Physik. -15
9 312 (1923)
Comments :
Heisenberg, Z. Physik. 38 411 (1926). Hurmfil, 2. phyaik. 42 93 (1927);
-'
and Denniaon, Proc. Royd&c. (Undonj A115 483 (1920 &dicted the
existence of two f o r m of molectilar hydrogen on the bae'is of quantum
theory. Shortly tbmsfier methods were developed f o r catalyzing the.
conversion. Since .1; heat capacity mmmuremnta have been carried out
on known concentrations of the two varieties. Prior t o 1929 all work
wa5 based on normal [Link] (75$ ortho and 25% p a ) . Data f o r the
curves were derived under conditions of eaturatiion vapor pressure ( ~ 8 ) .

Data of Johnston, Clarke Data of Smi-bh, Hallett

Rifkin and Kerr. and Johnston.
J. Am. Chem. Soe. 72 J. Am. Chem. SOC. 76 -'
3933 (1950). 1486 (1954).
-9

afemp. Cc7 Ctr

cal cal
"K mole K
' 3
1.746 18.28 4.18 2.073
1a756 20.45 4.71 2 336
1.82~ 22.71 5 933 2.644
1.815 25 .oo 6.03 2.991
1.890 26 A 4 6.46 3.m4
1.910 28.20 7 985 3 =894
1.999 [Link] 9094 4.931
2.034 31.49 14.56 7.222
2.103
2.143
R e p r i n t e d f r o m WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56

111-F-1.2
 Comments :
The above article6 were sll used by the lTB3 staff i n compiling the data
for Circulas 564. Accordingly the present curves ham been constructed
using these 8- d s t a . We have been unable t o discover anything more
recent. When mre does appear, it s h a d take i n t o account the exist-
ence of ortho sru% gara-hydrogc~.

cP
Temp. ep ca1
jii--
"K .
..1 I

1 Atm 10 At;m 100 *Atm

I

- 0 Atm '

20 2.50 2.4643
30 2.50 2.4643
40 2.501 2.4653 3.463 3 94135
50 2 505 2.4692 20947 2.9049
60 2.519 2.4830 2.7% 2 -7403 3 0957 3 09005
70 2 547 2 $106 0 2.73 2 *@30 3 -7% 307319
80 2 591 2.5540 2.723 2.6041 30564 3 5131
90
100
120
2.w 2.610
2.714 2.6752
2,857 2 8162 a
2 e747
2 07%
2.905
2 -7On
2.7501
2.8635
3 e366
3 -295
3.242
-
3 * 3179
3 2479
3 1957
9

140 2 -993 2.9502 3 .o& 2.9828 30 2 6 4 3 a74

160 3.108 3 0x35 3 -0902 3 -326 3.2785
180 3 .a 3.- 3 .I.m 3 -377 3 93287
200 3. 3 2331 a 3 e296 [Link] 3 0413 3 e3642
220 3 0340 3 2323 e 3 -355 3 *3Wl 3 -454 3 -4046
240 3 0387 3 033% 3 0399 3 03504 3 -486 3 A362
260 3 -424 3 -375% 3 0433 3 3839 3.504 3 04539
210 3 e438 3.3w 3 -446 3.39@3 3 510 3 04598
280 3 0450 3 0409 3 0458 3.4086 3 -516 3.4658
300
-
3 .be3 3 e4194 -
3 0476 3 -4263 3.526 3 03756
&e next tvo w e far [Link] prekaatatlan. of the data.
R e p r i n t e d from WADD [Link] 60-56

,8 111-F-2.1
15

14

13

12

II

IO

4
Atm,

0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
TEMPERATURE, O K

ILL-F-2.2
H
H
H
I
4
I
N
W

GASEOUS NORMAL HYDROGEN

60 80 I20 140 I60 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
TEMPERATURE, OK
H
H
H
I
4
I
W

0
w
0
3
0 -1.0
w
a

TEMPERATURE , O K
111-G-1.1
 NORMAL EYDROGEN - HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
Source of Data:

R. B. Stewart and H. M. Roder

Chapter ll. Properties o f Normal and Parahydrogen.
p. 379-404 in Technolorn and Uses of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon
Press, New York (1964)

Comments:
These values were calculated from data referenced in the Stewart
and Roder paper.

Latent Heat of Normal Hydlrogen

Heat of
Temperature* Vaporization
"K cd/g mole '

13 * 947 219.84
14 219 89
15 220.68 '

16 22i.10
17 221 .og
18 220. €0 .
19 219 58
e-

20 ' a 7 97
20.380 217.19
21 a5.n
22 212 72
23 208.92
24 204.21
25 198.46
26 191.51
27 183 .u
28 . . 172 97
29 160.60
30 145.25
31. 125.k2

* Temperatures adjusted to NBS-1955 Temperature Scale.

'.
,*

8
 Y
0
W
-
a
3
a
I-
a
W
n
H
W
f-
3lWJ 6/103 ’ dl-ulS’33N3tf3djIQ lW3H lN3lWl
Reprinted from NBS Report 8812
111-G-2
3 4 5 6 7 Fl 9 IO II 12 13 14 15 16
ENTROPY CAL GM'DEG-'

111-H-1.1
m
ENTROPY GAL GM-’ DE&

111-H-1.3
 N O W HYDRCGEN
ropertier Of vapor*
~~~

1s t m P = 2 atm P = 5 atm P = 1 0 atm P = 1 5 atm

p = ?0.39%) (Sat t I = 28.97%) (Eat temp = 27.29%) (Sot t e n p = 31.41-K)

T " h Y h Y h " h

-
cn"/g
-
>/E
-
J/E'K C
.
"
/
P
- -
j/E j/Ex
- -
cm3/g
-
J/E
-
J/g"K OD=/,:
- -
J/P J/e"K
-
( s a t Vap 751.1 I18 39.16 39-3.7 729 31.16 16P.7 730 34.21 70.89 691 31.02
22 827. ; 737 39.94
24 917.i 760 41.09 429.0 742 31.71
26 104% 78:' 41.93 474.4 767 38.72
28 109 80$ 42.75 '522.0 791 39.60 112.4 742 34.64
30 JJ.80 826 43.50 568.2 814 40.40 151.2, 774 3'1.12
35
40 1393 8RO 45.16 680.1 811 42.13 251.0 842 37.81 104.7 782 33.75 37.:':) 636 28.51
1603 %3 46.58 7m.7 926 43.60 291.5 903 39.45 135.2 efi0 35.86 [Link] 81:. 33.34
45 1812 9-37 41.91 895.5 919 44.87 345.9 961 40.87 16J.3 ?."El 37.46 100.2 891 35.22
2," 2019
2k31
1038
1143
48.92
50.84
a01
1210
1032
3+39
46.00
47.93
390.5
477.6
1017
1127
42.01
44.0;
187.0
233.6
990
1108
38.78
40.92
119.5
152.4
?wj,
1088
36.71
37.01
IO 2842 1%48 52.46 1418 126 49.57 5fi: .8 1236 45.69 218.1 1221 42.67 183.4 1107 40.?4
80 3252 1354 53.88 16?4 1352 51.00 646.4 1345 47.15 321.5 1334 44.17 213.1 1323 42.9
yo 3661 1463 55.16 tea9 i461 52.28 730.3 1456 48.45 364.2 1446 45.50 242.2 1439 43.74
100 4010 1574 56.32 2034 1572 .53.45 813.3 1568 43.63 406.5 1561 46.70 271.0 1554 44.97
120 4886 1804 58.42 2444 1803 55.55 978.3 1800 51.74 490.1 17% 48.84 377.5 17Y1 47.12
140 5702 201r6 60.28 >a52 2045 57.41 143 2043 53.61 577.8 2040 50.72 382.1 TO37 43.02
160 6517 2298 61.97 3260 2297 59.10 ,307 2296 95.31 h55.4 2295 52.113 439.4 2:'9! 50.73
180 1332 2559 63.50 3668 2558 60.64 ,410 2558 56.85 731.6 fj57 53.91 493.4 2)5b 52. i8
200 8147 2826 64.91 $076 2826 62.05 634 1826 58.26 819:[ 2826 55.39 j48.3 2826 53.10
2io 8951 3109 66.21 4484 3100 63.35 ,797 3100 59.57 901.5 3100 56.10 603.1 3101 55.01
240 7176 3377 67.42 4891 3378 64.56 ,960 3378 60.78 383.4 3319 57.91 657.8 j!bo 56.83
260 10589 3658 68.55 5298 3658 65.69 '123 3659 61.90 LO65 3661 59.04 712.3 3663 51.36
280 11401 3941 69.60 5704 3942 66.74 ,286 3943 62.95 1147 3945 60.09 766.7 3927 58.41
300 12219 4227 70.58 5113 4228 67.72 :450 4229 63.94 .228 4231 61.07 e21.3 4233 57.40
- -
- - -
- -
--- --
- -
__ -
- - --
__ - -
Temp r = 20 atm = 40 atrn P = 60 atm = 80 a t m P = 100 at"
"K

30 13.16 4 3, 1'3.41 13.75 450 19.12

35 14.67 482 21.13 14.14 50c" 20.68
40 50.21 '147 30.89 16.19 5b J 22.99 15.;0 567 22.38
45 70.07 853 33.42 28.50 18.26 643 24.86 16.55 640 24.10
50
60 95.36 033 35.10 35.95 20.82 729 26.67 18.21 719 25.76
112.0 1069 37.59 52.49 26.95 900 29.79 22.95 ?dl 28.64
70 135.1 1193 39.50 65.12 JJ.39 36.04 47.91 1094 33.85 33.65 1061 32.28 28.01 1040 31.w
80 159.1 1312 41.09 78.66 1271 37.80 1236 35.76 40.20 1210 34.21 33.13 1192 33.12
go 181.4 1429 42.47 90.56 1397 39.29 1370 31.33 46.46 1349 35.91 38.12 1334 34.79
100 203.2 1547 43.71 102.1 1522 40.60 1501 38.70 52.53 1484 37.33 42.99 1411 36.24
120 246.0 1787 45.89 124. 3 1771 42.87 1758 41.05 64.?0 1748 39.73 52.40 1740 38.69
140 288.0 2035 47.m 146.0 2025 44.82 98. 81 2017 43.04 75.40 201 1 41.76 61.47 2008 40.75
16u 3P8.9 2291 49.52 167.3 2286 46.58 113.3 2232 44.82 86.33 2281 43.56 70.32 2290 .42.57

1 1
180 371.4 2556 51. oe lM.4 2554 48.15 127.5 2554 46.48 [Link] 2555 45.18 77.03 2557 44.20
200 412.7 2826 52.50 209.3 2827 49.59 141.6 2831 $7.87 107.9 2832 46.64 87.60 2837 45.68
220 453.9 3102 53.82 230.; 3105 50.92 155 . f i 3110 49.20 118.4 3114 47.9 %.OS 3120 41.03
2LO 495.0 3381 55.03 250.8 128.9 3399 40.22 104.5 3401 48.2;
i6,, 535.9 3664 56.16 271.4 139.3 36ei 50.3'; 112.9 3695 49.42
Z80 576.8 3949 57.22 292.0 149.7 3975 51.44 121.: 3984 . 50.50
3m b17.8 4836 58.21 312.6 160.0 4214 52.44 1F9.5 11275 51.50
I
C0"Wl-;i .un2 fur Units, t o E @ w l e n t in British Systcm of Units:
To ccnvert t e q e r l t u r r in degrees Kelvin ('K) t o dCEPeeG Rankine ( O R ) , multiply ("K) by 1.8
To cmvert PPBSSUPB i n atmosphrrcs (atm) to (psi:,) multiply (,itm) by 14.6fi
! o 5:onccrt volur;e (7) in cubic tcentimetPrs per &re: ( m 3 / g ) t o (cu f t / l b ) , d t i p l y (cm'
P '/dby .61h018
To Cmvert dznsity ( P ) in hagit to density (lb cu f t ) d t i p l j , h g a t by .On5611
To Cmvert enthalpy (h) i n joule; per %ram(J/$ t o (B&/Lb), multiplj, (J/g) by .42993
To convert anthnlpy (h) i n culurirn per cram (cal/gm) t o (Btu/lb), multiply (call@) by 1.8
lb ConveFt entropy ( s ) in joules per grhm "K (j/g"K) t o (Btu/lb"R) d t i p l y (j/&"K) by am5
Entropy (0) in c a l o r i e s per @rem OK (cnl/@*K) is equurl to (Btu/lb'R)

+
PARRHYDROGEII
Raperties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated VaporY

ETsosurc volume
~
hbtTCpY :J/e "K) .J/e)
Liquid sat Sat Sat
Liquid -
- V=pPor VapW '

13.833" 0.0695 IlP.98 4.961 37.520 23 2.063 :b.e3 r.;.? 21.856

14 0.0778 13.01 5.055 37.188 24 2.611 15.15 307.3 27.152

I I 1 I 1 I 1 I I
15 0.133 13.16 5.521 35.650 25 3.245 15.51 249.0 26.462
16 0.213 13.32 5.933 34.305 26 3.982 15.91 203.2 25.787
17 0.325 13.48 6.454 [Link].5 27 4.829 16.39 166.7 f5.108
18 0.476 13.66 6.921 32.048 28 5.794 16.96 137.0 24.413

:z
20.26Rb
::$;
[Link]
:14.13
;:% %.I
747.6
-268.39
-258.91
-256.3
181.67
187.67
189.36
:7.977
;: $l:%
29.969
:%
3.501
::$
19.n
112.5
51.86
73.86
23.684
22.890
21.977
21 1.233 14.30 617.8 -248.79 193.03 8.325 29.374 ll.051 2l.74 57.16 20.8ll
22 1.613 14.56 482.9 -237.98 197.25 8.801 28.595 32.976 12.759 31.82 31.82 17.567
-
* From publizhed data, National Bureau of Standards lonogrnph 94 (Aug 1565).
t See Table 28 on p g e 59 for propertie6 of l i q u i d and vapor parahydrogen.
Triple point.
' N e d boiling point.
= critical p i n t .

111-H-2
 T

( s a t Liq)
( s a t vapor

15
20
25
30
35
40
50
-
P = 1 atm
(Sat temp = 20.V'K)

14.P4
753.4
13.25
14.18
910.0
ll90
14&
1616
8035
-
h
J/P

-258
191
-302

234
301
355
409
515
0

J/ga
-
8.04
30.21

5.55
Li&L
32.18
34.66
35.33
37.76
40.13
-
g
/
=
.
v

14.91
398.3

453.7
572.9
685.5
795.0
LOO?
-
jle
-230

13.23
14.15
P = 2 atm
(Sat temp = [Link])

-
-301
-260
229
290
346
402
510
h

202

5.54
4%
31.54
-
6

J/g'K
9.29
28.18

33.29
34.76
37.18
-
cm=/5
Y
PAWDRCGEII

16.62

* 3 j ?E
162.0

13.19
14.07

253.0
301.9
393.5
Ps5atm

*
BOP d e s of Liquid and Vapory

(Sat temp = 27.19%)

379
434
25.18

10. 0

28.94
30.58
33.16
68.75

105.1
136.5
188.3
P = 10 atn
(Sat temp = 31.9%)

.
336
467
14.37
21.60
5.43
7.P

26.98
29.71
13.04
13.83
15.05
17.38
47.28
80.18
120.1
P = 1 5 atm
-

-
h
J/E

-287
-247
-195
-121
144
186
437
5.16
7.62
9.94
12.67
20.57
74.37
27.83
70
80
60 2451
2865
3278
623
732
847
42.08
43.78
45.31
1220
1429
Lb36
618
729
845
39.16
40.86
42.41
481.2
567.1
651.6
607
120
838
22
38.53
215.3
280.1
323.8
587
705
8%
32.10
33.32
35.53
153.5
184.6
214.6
568
690
815
30.18
32.07
33.7~
100 4102 1101 48.14 ?050 1099 45.24 819.6 1094 41.39 409.4 1087 38.44 27-3.9 10e0 36.68
120 4887 1318 50.41 '1444 13T7 47.54 978.3 1373 43.73 483.9 1368 40.82 327. ? 1363 3'!.10
140 5703 1688 52.80 :e53 1687 49.93 n43 1685 46.13 572.6 1681 43.23 382.6 167h 41.52
160 6518 2012 54.96 3261 2011 52.09 1307 2010 48.30 655.2 2008 45.41 43E,.I 2006 43.71
180 7333 2339 56.89 5669 2339 54.02 1470 2338 50.23 731.4 z337 47.34 493.2 2335 45.6
200 8148 2663 58.60 4077 2663 55.73 1634 2663 51.94 819.5 ,66? 47.05 548.0 :G6? 47.37
220 8962 2982 6o.n 4484 2982 57.25 1797 50.53 602.8 :?+ 48.90
240 9777 3294 61.47 I832 3294 58.61 1%0 51.95 657.5 3wJ 50.26
260 LO590 3600 62.70 298 3601 55.84 2123 56.05 53.18 712.0 3605 51.50
280 11403 3902 63.82 1705 3902 60.95 2286 57.17 54.30 766.5 39m 52.62
3w 12220 4201 64.85 ill4 4201 61.98 2450 4204 821.1 4206 53.65
-- - - - -
55.33
- - - --
--- -
-
P = 20 ntm P = 40 a t n P 60 atm P = Ro ntn P 100 atm
-
L_ =
- -
a5
20 13.36 -221 7.19 13.07 -200 6.51 12.62 -17'3 6.67 12.60 -157 6.45
25 14.25 -174 9.30 13.62 -155 8.92 13.46 -135 8.60 13.17 -115 8.33
30 15.55 -114 ll.46 14.81 -100 10.91 14.29 -83 10.48 13.88 -65 10.13
35 22.96 16.01 17.66 -39 13.78 16.22 -35 12.92 15.37 -23 12.34 14.77 -8. 11.88

:270
40 51.30 223 22.01 21.63 61 16.45 16.28 43 14.99 16.81 46 14.18 15.9 56 13.59
95.$ 410 26.22 31.31 296 21.70 25.37 231 19.16 21.15 212 17.76 19.03 202 16.86
548 28.74 52.90 473 2b.94 34.83 416 22.54 27.25 381 20.93 23.32 364 13.60
12 I 676 30.42 66.58 622 27.24 44.22 577 25.04 33.91 545 23.47 28.27 525 22.29
80 160.2 a13 32.42 79.22 762 29.11 53.00 728 27.05 40.47 701 25.55 33.36 6P2 24.39
100 204.6 1072 35.42 102.8 1047 32.28 69.38 1025 30.37 52.91 1008 28.911 43.29 9136 27.89
120 229.7 1355 37.87 124.3 1342 34.84 84.09 1329 33.01 64.25 1317 31.69 52.46 1311 30.65
140 287.7 1675 40.30 145.9 1664 37.32 98.83 1656 35.53 75.44 1551 34.25 61.53 1648 33.24
160 329.7 2004 42.50 167.3 1'397 39.54 113.3 1973 37.78 86.43 199: 36.52 70.38 1991 35.54
180 371.2 2334 44.44 lm.3 2321 41.51 127.5 P331 39.77 '37.22 2332 38.53 '17.08 .334 37.56
'coo 412.5 2662 4G.l[ 209.3 2602 43.25 141.6 2665 41.53 107.9 2667 40.29 wl.65 7671 39.33
21"o 453.1 ?933 47.70 230.1 %735 44.79 155.6 2989 43.08 118.4 2994 4 ~ e 5 '%.15 3000 40.90
240 494.8 3297 49.07 250.8 3301 46.16 169. j 3306 44.46 128.9 3313 43.24 104.6 3321 42.29
260 535.8 3605 50.30 211.4 3611 41.40 183.3 3618 45.70 139.3 36~6 44.49 lYc.9 3634 43.55
280 570.7 3908 51.42 292.0 3915 48.53 157.1 3923 46.84 149.7 3932 45.63 121.3 39b2 44.69
300 617.7
I
4208
I
52.46 312.5
-
---
----
4216 49.57 210.5 4225
-
47.88 160.1
--
- -
4235
---
46.67 127.G 4245 45.74
-
-
Temp P = 140 a t m P = 200 atm P = 240 atm P = 300 atm P = 340 ntn
"K
-- - -
20
25 11.56 90 6.62 6.39
30 11.88 132 8.12 7.a
35 11.19 13.12 10.44 12.23 178 9.23 11.87 0.25
40 14.74 17.15 13.69 11.68 12.63 228 10.87 10.55
50 16.77 15.67 15.05 14.53 13.53 337 13.32 12.91
60 19.40 18.31 14.58 258 15.52 15.20
70 22.50 20.65 15.75 588 17.51 17.05
80 17.03 7% Yd.35 18.85
100 32.71 26.24 25.25 74.54 19.77
__ -
1027
-
22.71
-
22.17

*
~ ~~~

Data from 1 5 t o 100"K, from published data, National Bureau of ! n d a r d s Monograph 9 4 ("ug >5).
Data from 120 to .300"K, published data from l4ationsl Bureau of Stmdardo Technical Note IjO ( k c 1%1)
t See Table 27 on page 55 for p r o p e r t i e s of s a t u r a t e d liquid and s a t u r a t e a vapor parahydrogen.
Bold horizontul l i n e indicates phase chang3 ( l i q u i d above, vapor below the l i n e )
Convereionn for Units, t o Equivalent i n British System'of Units:
To convert temperature i n degreeG Kelvin ("K) t o degrees Rankine ( "R) , multiply ('K) by 1.8
To convert pressure i n atmnGphtreo (ntn) t o ( p i a ) , multiply (atm) by 14.6%
To convert voltme (v) i n Cubic c r n t i m t e r s per gron (cn3/g) t o (cu f t / l b ) multiply (cm3/5) by .Ol6018
To convert enthslpy (h) i n joules per gram (j/d t o (Btu/lb), m l t i p l y (jjd by .4?993
To convert entropy ( e ) in joules Per gram O K (j/g'K) t o (Btu/lb%), n u l t i p l y (j/g"K) by .23885

I1I-H- 3
W
IW

-H
TEMF
ENTROPY
.CHART FOR
PARAHYDROGEN
PRESSURE ( P I otm.
DENSITY ( p ) g mole/cm3
ENTHALPY ( H I Joules/g mole

National Bureau of Standards

Cryogenics Division
Boulder, Colorado

IO
ENTROPY, Joules/grn -OK

111-H-4.2
111-H-5
8
9-H-I11

REDUCED ENTROPY DIFFERENCES, A S ~ R

-I
m
z
TI
m
XI
D
-4
c
XI
.m
0
X
111-1-1.1
 T I I E CONDUCTIVI!l?Y
~ ~ of LIQUID NORMAL and PARA HYDROCZEW
Source of Data: Powers, R. W., Mattox, R. W., and Johnston, H. L.,
J. Am. Chem. SOC. 76, 5968 and 5972 (1954).

Other References: Borovik, E., Matveev, A. and Panlm, E., J. Tech.

Ind. Erg. (%ern. 2,1585 (1958 1

phys. (U.S.S.R.) 33, 998 (1940 ; Schaefer, C. A., end Thodos, G.,

Comnts: he only available information on the t h em conductivity of i i q u d

hydrogen i s that of Powers, Mattox and Johnston, who find that there
i s no significant difference between the conductivity of normal and of
para hydrogen. They reduced their data t o a straight l i n e curve having
the ekuation
k 0 (1.702 i- 0.05573 T) x c a l cm'l sec'l deg'l.
Data for both normal and para hydrogen are sham on t h i s curve of ex-
perimental points, and the probable error of % i s greater than the
difference8 i n the conductivities of the normal and para forms. I n the
masuremen%s, corrections were made i n the case of normal hydrogen, f o r
the b a t liberated i n the spontaneous conversion of the normal t o the
para form. The curve has a positive slope showing that the thermal
conductivity increases w i t h temperature. This contrasts with the change
of them1 conductivities of other law boiling liquids N2, COY CH4 aJld
aadl C2H4 previously investigated, which show a decreasing conductivity
with rising temperatuse as sham by the work of Powers, Mttox and Johnston,
rovik, ylstveev and PaniDt.
B c b ~ f e rand Thdos have developed curves sharing a Reduced krmal
Conductivity Correlation f o r gaeeous and liquid hydrogen, using data of
other investigators.
No data on thermal conductivity of solid hydrogen has been found.

Thermab conductivity values computed from the equation:

k = (1.702 i - , .05573 T) loo4 cal/cm sec%

Temp. K IC k
"mc: watts watts
TrT cm OK
16 10.85 x 12.72 x 10-4
17 11.08 'I. 12.95 I'
18 11.32 13.18
19 11 55
I1
2.761 27 13.42 " 3.207 It
I 20 11.79 " 2.817 28 13.65 It 3.262
21 12.02 I' 2.872 II
13.88 3.318
22 12 25 14.12 I' 3 374 I'

23 12.48

Reprinted from WADD TECH. REPORT 60-56

8
111-1-1.2
 of GASEOUS HYDROGEN
a t one atmosphere pressure
( N o r m a l and Para )

o ~ l Il1 l l l l l l l l l l l l l I I I I I I I I I I I I I
0 30 60 90 I20 150 180 210 240 270 300
TEMPERATURE, OK

111-1-2.1
 llmRMAL COHWlCTIVfTY of au3Ow H Y D R m
(Normrl ud Ars)
SOlWCe6 Of ht8:
Hydrogen and Heavy Hydrown, CambriQe U~~ivcssity
"""t
hW38 1935
r,)mho--
Hiloelareth, J., et al., Hat. Bur. Stamhrda C l r . 564, 285 (1955)

z, 295 (1955)
Otber References :
La, J * c-* phyr.
codridge, A. M., Bull. Brit. C o a l utilisation Rseeemh Assoc. l8, 1 (1954)
Johaston, He Lo and GriUy, E. R., J. ~ 2 -8. . 2,
233 (1946)
Schaefer, C. A. and Thodos, G . , Id. Eng. chcm. 50, 1585 (1958)
Weiteel, D. H. azd Hershey, R . L., Cryogenic Eng. Coni. Rw., Paper 2.02
( 19541
Ccmmnts :
The lower curve, being that for n o d hydrogen, represents the data
given i n the Hat. BW.~tandardscir. 564. -
Table 1. Selected Values of Thermal Conduc-
tivity from Circular 564 for ( k w o u s b r m ~
Hydrogen and Corresponding Values Computed for by Far&
asrUozu kn Hydrogen

Temp. kn
milliwatt
kP
milliwatt
Temp
"K
5
OK cm "K cm 5( k,
LO 0,074 1.000 0.074 1.000
20 0.155 1.000 0 155
30 0.229 1.000 0.229 1.001
40 0.298 1.001 0.298
1.004
50 0.362 1.004 0 363 1.051
60 0.422 1.017 0.429
80 0.542 1.066 0 578 1.136
100 0.664 1.136 0.754
1.196
120 0.7905 1.190 0.941
140 0.g18
1.043
1.204 1.105 . 1.203
160 1 *195 1.246
180 1.166 1.167 1.361 1.175
1.135
200 1.282 1.135 1.455
220 1.398 1.103 1.542 1.096
240 1.507 1.076 1.6215
260 1.613 1.055 1.702 1.065
270 1.665 1.046 1.7415 1.044
280 1.717 1,039 1.784
300 1.8165 1.027 1.8655 1.028
Reprinted f r o m WADD TECH. REPORT 60-5f

111-1-2.2 8
 D

(")Y 1 (d)N ' OllVU AlIAl113n~NO13 l W N t l 3 H l

R e p r i n t e d f r o m NBS Report 8812

I1I-I-3
 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF LIQUID BYDROOEN

Source of
Data: Stewart, J. W. (1964) , Ihe Dielectric Polarizability of Fluid Parahydrogen., J. Chem.
~ y s (. i n press).

O t h e r R e f e r e n c.~
es:
,
Breit, G., and Gnues, H. K. (1924) Preliminary Measurements Concerning the Dielectric
Constant of Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen and Its Dependence on Temperature
as Regardn the Latter Substance. Kon. k e d . Wetenschap. Amsterdam 33, 705-8; Proc.
Aced. Sci. Amsterdam 27, 617-20 (1924); Corn. phys. Lab. Univ. Lxden No. 1718
( 1 9 4 ) ; C.A. 2, 758 TD25).
,
Wolfke, M., and Onnes, H. K. (1924) On the Dielectric Constant of Liquid and Solid
Hydrogen., Kon. Aced. Sci. Amsterdam 3, 701-4; Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 9, 627-30
( 1 9 4 ) ; Commune. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden 171c (1924); C.A. 19, 758 (1925).

Werner, W., and Keesom, W. H. (1925), The Variation of the Dielectric Constant of Liquid
,
and Stdid Hydrogen with Temperature. Kon. Acad. Wetenschap. Amsterdam 3,
745-54;
Comnuns. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden No. 1788 (1926); C.A. ,EOJ 1168 (1926).

Guillien, R. (1939), The Dielectric Conetants of Hydrogen., Rev. Sci.

Zentr. 1940, 11, 1839; C.A. 36,
6851 (1942).
a, 575; Chem.

Guillien, R. ( l g b ) , La Constante d i d e c t r i q u e au Voisinage du Point de Fusion. (The

Dielectric Constant i n t h e Vicinity of the Fusion Point.), J. Phys. radium ( 8 ) 1,
29-33; C.A. 34, 3145 (1940).

Van Itterbeek, A , and Spaepen, J. (1942), %termination de l a Constante Diaectrique

du Deuterium Liquide. (Determination [Link] Dielectric Constant of Liquid Deuterium. ) ,
Physic8 2, 339-44; C-A. 21, 5292 (1943).
Maryott, A. A.,and Smith, E. R. (1951), Table of Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids.,
National Bureau of Standards Circular No. 514; C.A. 4 6 , 2357 (1952).

Comen t s :
Stewart reports the d i e l e c t r i c constant of parahydrogen f o r t h e range 24 to 100% a t
densities up t o 0.08 g/cm3. Ihe experiment show8 t h a t the dielectric constant depends

( E + 2) p/( E -
1) 5: 0.99575 -
o d y on density. Tabular values are presented as calculated from the following equation:
O.Ogo6gp + 1.1227Pa W i t h p i n g/cm3. Since the values are
tabulated as a function of density the usual distinction between gas and l i q u i d could not
be accomplished and SO a l l O f the velueB are tabulated as l i q u i d hydrogen data.

?he e a r l i e s t measurements on the dielectric constants of saturated liquid hydrogen were

made by Breit and Onnes. They report valves f o r 7 t o 76 cm Hg and 14.42 t o 20.38OK.

Wolfke and Onnes continued the above work and obtained additional values over the same
range.

From a series of experiments a t various dates, Werner and Keesom concludsd t h a t the best
value of the dielectric constant of hydrogen a t 20.36'K (the boiling point) w88 1.23l.l
t o an accuracy of 0.0%. They aLso report 1 4 values between 14.10 and 20.49'K.

Guillien used a wave length of 2.250 m and reported values from 14.00 t o 2 0 . 6 0 ~ ~ .

Van ltterbeek and Spaepen report a value of 1.226 a t 955 mm of Hg and 20.35'K.

Maryott and S m i t h have selected the value of 1.228 a t 20.4% and 1 atmosphere.

111-J-1.1
 DJZUBXRIC CQNS2AN2 OF LIQUID HyDwoGEN
(cont.)
I

Dielectric
Conetant
0.005 1.01515
0.010 1.03046
0.015 1.04594
[Link] 1.06158
0.025 1.07739
0.030 1.09336
0.035 1.10550
0.040 1.12580
0.045 1.14226
o ,050 1.15889
0.055 1.17569
0.060 1.19265
0 *065 1* 20977
1.22705
1.24449
1.26210

Taken from NBS Report 8252 ’

111-J-1.2

. .
 B

- -
Dielectric constant and Clausius-Mossotti function for fluid fiaia-hvdronen.

Density Temp. Dielectric Ap/p Corr. CM Density Temp. Dielectric Ap/p Corr. CM
(10-7g/cma) “K constant % cmvg (10-7g/cms) O K constant % cm”g

0016765 28 1.00505 +0.036 1.00228 0358512 80 1.11219 -0.024 1.00576

0025715 28 1.00776 +0.039 1.00304 0360051 50 1.11269 +[Link] 1.00541
0026519 40 1.00801 +O .030 1.00359 0398586 65 1.12530 -0.026 1.00611
0034449 28 1.01041 +0.035 1.00339 0400016 42 1.12579 0 1.006OO
0037412 32 1.01132 +0.024 1.00449 0400223 70 1.12579 -0.015 1.00567
0050222 50 1.01521 +0.004 1.00421 0401574 40 1.12634 f0.061 1.00569
0056184 38 1.01702 $0.029 1.00374 04o4005 55 1.12710 -0.005 1.00613
0056650 80 1.01717 -0.007 1 .00481 0405146 50 1.12741 +0.009 1.OO548
0057170 33 1.01733 $0.035 1.00455 0407482 60 1.12817 -0.004 1.00556
0059522 80 1.01805 -0.027 1.004995 0409102 100 1.12870 -0.070 1.00617
0060153 32 1.01825 $0.036 1.00505 0409185 46 1.12880 0 1.00608
0060244 55 1.01826 $0.003 1.00413 0418687 55 1.13187 +0.002 1.00566
0067220 65 1.02040 -0.036 1.00506 0421467 38 1.13300 +0.087 1.00635
0075221 40 1.02284 $0.038 1.00390 0422553 48 1.13321 f0.014 1.00602
0077718 100 1.02362 -0.029 1.00546 0423174 34 1.13359 +O. 167 1.00578
0079296 90 1.02410 -0.041 1.00527 0423378 80 1.13340 -0.031 1,00589
0081568 42 1.02478 0 1.00441 0423652 80 1.13350 -0.026 1.00588
0088321 32 1.02692 $0.042 1.00669 0430425 90 1.13572 -0.041 1.00600
0089202 60 1.02712 -0.005 1.00449 0435756 33 1.13761 +o. 110 1.00537
0090032 46 1.02739 , 0 1,00491 0449143 70 1.14189 -0.013 1.00564
0092193 55 1.02807 -0.004 1.00537 0450937 55 1.14527 -0.002 1.00606
0094574 48 1.02879 +[Link] 1.00499 0465613 55 1.14736 $0.004 1.00554
0098575 70 1.03002 -0.014 1.00515 0466349 60 1:14758 -0.003 1.00546
0104944 34 1.03204 +0.061 1.00639 0474182 32 1.15050 $0.090 1.00653
0115753 32 1.03545 +0.068 1.00837 0478433 90 1.15162 -0.040 1.00594
0115854 50 1.03534 +0.003 1.00498 0482057 44 1.15290 $0.021 1.00578
0123237 80 1.03764 -0.010 1.00466 0483569 80 1.15333 -0.025 1.00577
0125571 37 1.03839 +0.074 1.00544 0485595 80 1.15399 -0.020 1.00566
0126507 55 1.03865 +0.003 1.00533 0489245 100 1.15517 -0.098 1.00620
0136309 80 1.04169 -0.030 1.00578 0491168 40 1.15598 +0.034 1..00592
0141772 40 1.04337 +0.051 1.OO456 0505522 55 1.16073 -0.002 1.00593

e
0148742 65 1.04557 -0.033 1.00634 0506885 90 1.16110 -0.039 1.00580
0149419 32 1.04601 +0.119 1.00888 0508042 60 1.16147 -0.003 1.00536
0151Ooo 44 1.04624 +0.035 1.00490 0508572 55 1.16168 so.004 1.00547
0160449 100 1.04918 -0.034 1.00561 0511043 46 1.16260 -0.002 1.00608
0163584 90 1.05017 -0.013 1.00592 0511195 33 1.16276 +[Link] 1.00627
0173114 80 1.05316 -0.013 1.00584 0511906 42 1.16289 -0.003 1.OO606
0173229 33 1.05325 +0.219 1.00459 0513428 34 1.16371 $0.062 1.00726
0180477 38 1.05551 $0.132 1.00530 0516423 65 1.16433 -0.021 1.00580
0186593 46 1.05743 0 1.00667 0516663 70 1.16435 -0.012 1.00540
0195968 55 1.06033 -0.013 1.00607 0520167 37 1.16575 $0.043 1.00612
0196746 42 1.06064 0 1.00698 0527490 40 1.16813 +0.023 1.00586
0205823 80 1.06341 -0.033 1.00608 0529592 38 1.16888 +0.033 1.00595
0206474 50 1.06362 +0.009 1.00560 0535897 55 1.17085 $0.002 1.00541
0210203 34 1.06496 $0. 286 1.00536 0536103 100 1.17082 -0.100 1.00591
0218806 70 1.06748 -0.017 1.00555 0540023 33 1.17240 $0.037 1.00597
0220768 90 1.06812 -0.047 1:00621 0541247 34 1.17283 f-0.032 1.00607
0221520 60 1.06833 -0.005 1.00530 0541535 80 1.17271 --0.022 1.00546
0221767 48 1.06850 $0.015 1.00646 0545577 80 1.17406 -0.017 1.00534
0223416 34 1.06941 +0.518 1.00689 0546103 48 1.17438 +0.006 1.00589
0224424 65 1.06926 -0.032 1.00585 0547645 30 1.17521 +0.078 1.00679
0225738 100 1.06968 -0.037 1.00590 0555256 40 1.17748 +0.019 1.00575
0238542 80 1.07374 -0.016 1.00587 0556653 55 1.17790 -0.001 1.00568
0249848 55 1.07734 -0.014 1.00609 0567377 44 1.18155 +0.010 1.00563
0253596 40 1.07861 $0.091 1 .00596 0567641 70 1.18151 -0.010 1.00517
0264823 46 1.08216 0 1.00656 0574922 33 1.18415 +0.025 1.00570
0281923 80 1.08753 -0.030 1.00592 0576415 32 1.18479 $0.023 1.00637
0283158 37 1.08817 $0.224 1.00607 0577663 40 1.18507 $0.016 1.00570
0286633 90 1.08904 -0.047 1.00611 0580169 30 1.18614 -1-0.054 1.00645
0293817 50 1.09133 +o * 009 1.00546 0587536 34 1.18860 $0.029 1.00641
0296176 55 1.09213 -0.007 1,00605 0597621 40 1.19185 +0.014 1.00561
0300691 42 1.09362 0 1,00644 0597998 33 1.19200 +0.020 1.00564
0301108 80 1.09367 -0.018 1.0057G 0599697 80. 1.19238 -0.009 1.00496
0309977 65 1.09653 -0.031 1.00601 0601563 70 1.19302 -0.010 1.00497
0315579 60 1.09831 -0.005 1.00549 0606167 38. 1.19478 +0.016 1.00565
0316387 44 1.09863 +0.048 1.00556 0606252 65 1.19467 -0.019 1.00533
0326522 100 1.10184 -0.048- 1.00598 0606256 55 1.19473 -0.001 1.00542
0328298 48 1.10248 +0.019 1.00598 0613601 28 1.19744 +0.029 1.00604
0336164 70 1.10495 -0.017 1.00562 0614400 42 1.19758 -0.002 1.00559
0346550 55 1.10838 -0.006 1.00616 0615782 46 1.19803 -0.001 1.00559
0347869 80 1.10875 -0.030 1.00586 0622470 34 1.20050 $0 .022 1.00620
0348913 90 1.10908 -0.045 1.00596 0625155 34 1.20128 $0.013 1.00563
0349320 55 1.10922 +O .006 1.00553 0626175 70 1.20141 -0.010 1.00483

8
111-J-1.3
 ~~ -~ ~- ~

Dcnsity Temp. Dielectric A,p/p Corr. CAI Density Temp. Dielectric Ap/p Corr. Chf
(10-7g/cnl~) "E; constant /(r cma/g (10-7g/cn19 'k; constant 5; cm'/g

0627171 48 1.20192 +0.003 1.00548 0714887 46 1.23222 .-0.001 1.00.199

0628268 26 1.20217 +0.03G 1.00596 0717522 34 1.23318 +[Link] 1.00.506
0629227 32 1.20277 1-0.012 1.00606 0719501 28 1.23391 +0.015 1.00513
0637022 26 1.20547 +0.034 1.00589 0720832 24 1.23443 +0.015 1.00536
0637244 30 1.20556 +0.033 1.00597 0721993 26 1.23477 +0.015 1,00507
0639961 3s 1.20635 +0.013 1.00552 0722890 38 1.23506 +0.004 1.00508
0647353 34 1.20924 +[Link] 1.00604 0725677 34 1.23615 +o .009 1.00547
O(283S9 28 1.20933 +0.019 1.00577 0731547 48 1.23801 0 1.00478
OG-19919 4-4 1.20972 +0.005 1.00527 0732545 30 1.23852 +0.017 1.00523
0651773 26 1.210.52 +o .028 1.0057c) 0732894 44 1.23647 +0.002 1.00471
06GOSG8 32 1.21365 +[Link] 1.00586 0748211 48 1.24381 0 1.00455
0662632 55 1.21407 -0.003 1.00515 0749259 24 1.24433 +0.012 1.005Ol
0670511 3s 1.21689 +0.010 1.00542 0750821 33 1.24477 +0.004 1.00466
0671388 4s 1.21713 +0.001 1.00527 0752291 32 1,24538 +0.005 1,00501
0677296 34 1.21936 $0.014 1.00588 0756042 44 1.24654 +0.002 1.oQ1-12
0677316 37 1.21926 +0.011 1.00543 0756764 26 1.24687 +0.012 1.0O160
0679330 26 1.22000 +0.026 1.00548 0757538 37 1.24716 +0.005 1.oM72
0680601 33 1.22038 +0.010 1.00525 0763224 28 1.2-l916 +0.007 1.00467
0683305 28 1.22137 +0.014 1.00550 0764242 30 1.24958 +[Link] 1.00~190
0664323 65 1.22147 -0.022 1.00482 0765562 4s 1.249S6 -0.004 [Link]-430
0691 192 44 1.22397 SO.005 1.00504 0770045 44 1.25143 -0.001 1.00422
0691725 38 1.22422 +o .008 1* 00528 0774111 37 1.25297 -0.001 1.00459
0695061 30 1.22549 +o .020 1.00561 0777903 46 1.25418 -0.001 1.00409
0696403 2; 1.22598 i0.018 1.00570 0779868 24 1.25504 +0.010 [Link]
0693405 48 1.22649 +0.001 1.00512
0702519 34 1.22809 +0.012 1.00566 0781763 34 1,25562 Jro.003 1.00435
0703161 32 1.22827 +0.006 1.00554 0789785 26 1.25847 +0.006 1.00429
0709360 3s 1.23034 +[Link] 1.00513 0790084 28 1.25859 +o. 0041 1.OW35
0713561 42 1.23176 -0.001 1.00501 0792892 32 1.25962 0 1.OW53
0713744 55 1.23174 -0.006 1.00474 0796441 42 1,26071 -0.001 1.00391

... . . .-
Taken from R.B. S t e w a r t and H.M. Roder, Chapter 11. P r o p e r t i e s
of Normal and Parahydrogen. p.379-404 i n Technoloby and U s e s of
Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon Press, New Y o r k (1964)

111-J-1.4
8
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS HYDROGEN

Source of Stewart, J. W. ,
(1964) lhe Meleatric Polarizability Of Fluid Parahydrogen., J. men.
Data: &ye. ( i n prers).

Other mltzmann, L. (1875), ~ o g g .b n . ~ h y s 155,

~ r 403-22.
'References : Clemencic, J. (lM5) , Exuers Rep. 21, 571-6U; Aka& Wie8. Wien. UII,
712.
Scheel, K. (LgOT), Bestlnmnrng der Brechungsexponenten von Gasen b e l Zinertemperatur
und b e l der temperatur der Flussigen Luft. (Determination of the Index of Refraction
of Games a t Room Temperature and at the Temperature of Liquid A i r . ) , Verhandl. deut.
Phyeik. Ges, 2, 24-36; C.A. S, 1823 (1907).

3engL I(. (1W8)I h e r Me Dielektrizit~tskonetantc.. einiger Gaee bel hohem M c k .

,
[Regarding t h e Dielectric Constants of Several Gasee a t High Pressure.) Ann. Phyalk
gj 59-78; C.A. 2, 2492 (1908).
Wuthberteon. C..and Cuthbertson. M. (1910). On t h e Refraction and MsDersion of A i r .
Oxygen; Nitrogen and Hydrogen and L e i ; Relations. Proc. Roy. hi. (Ldndon)
151; P.A. 3, 362 (1910).
a,
,
*Koch, J. (1913) !&e Mepermion Of Gaseous Substances in the Ultraviolet Spectrum. ,
Arkiv Mat. Aetron. Fylik 8, No. 20; C.A. 1,27U (1913).

+Koch, J. (1913), The Dispersion of Light i n Oaeea in the Ultraviolet Region. , Arkiv Met.
Aetron. Fyaik 2, No. 6; P.A. 12, 233 (19141
Occhialini, A. (1914) lhe Dielectric Constant of Hydrogen a t High Pressures., A t t i Accad.
Ltncei 8 2 1 482-84; C.A. E, 1370 (1914).
,
OachiiLini, A. (1914) I h c Dielectric Constank of Some Strongly Compressed Gases and the
,
Mosrotti-Clauaius Relation. Nuovo cimento 1,108-26; C.A. 8, 2518 (1914).

,
Riegger, H. (1919) iiber d i e Tenperaturabh&+$gkeit der Melektrizlt~tskonstantenvon
,
Ann. Physik z,
Gasen. (Concerning the Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric Constant of Gases.)
753-60; C.A. 2,
877 (19xJ).

a,2247 (1921).
*Kim, M. (19211, The Meperelon of Hydrogen in the Ultraviolet., Ann. Physlk 64, 566;
' C.A.

F r i t t s , E. C. (1923), The Measurement of the Dielectric Constant and Magnetic

Susceptibility of Gases by High Frequency Methods., phys. Rev. 2, 198.

F r i t t s , E. C , ( 1 9 4 ) , A Detennination of t h e Dielectric Constants of Five Danes by 8

JUgb Frsquency Method., Phys. Rev. Q, 345-56; C.A. l8, 1423 (1924).

Zahn, C. T. ,
(1924) The Electric Moment of Gaseous [Link] of Halogen Hydrides. , phys.
Rev. 24, b0-1'1;C.A. sJ
426 (1925).
Watson, E. E., Rao, 0. G.,md Rameavaagr, H. L. (1931), The Dielectric Coefffclents of
Games. Part I. The Rare Gasea and Hydrogen., h o c . Roy. SOC. (London),%&I 569-85;
C.A* %J 5320 (1931).
[Link], H. H., Kirkwood, J. G., and Keyes, F. 0 . (1933), The Dependence of Dielectric
Constants of Oases on Temperature end Density., J. Chem. phys. 1, 155-59; C.A. 2,
1790 (1933).
Hichelr, A., Sanders, P., and Schipper, A. (19351, I h e Dielectric Conatant of IIydrogen
a t Preesures up to 1425 A l a and a t Terrperaturee of 25'C aod 100*C., Physica 2, 753-6;
C.A. 2,919 (1936).

Van Itterbcek, A.,and Gpaepen, J. (1 43) ,Mesurcr mr l a Conetante Diblectriwe de

Quelquer Gaz mn Polairen ( B', &,
He, 0' e t 1'Air) et CO B t r e l a Temperature
Ordineire e t 2O'Aba. (Measuremento of t h e Melectric Conetanto of Severdl Non-polar
Tewernture nnd X)'Ab8.) ,
Oaaao (Ha, Da, He, Oa and Mr) and CO Between o r d i ~ r y
Phyriaa IDJ 173-84; C.A. d,5442 (1944).

111-J-2.1
 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEDUS H Y D R O C ~

8
(cont.I
Hector, L. G., and Woernley, D. L. (1946), The Dielectric Constants of Eight Gases.,
Phys. Rev. 9, 101-05;C.A. 40, 2266 (1946).

Van Ittarbeek, A.,and de Clippeleir, K. (l946), Mdaurca Sur la Constante Didlectrique

de 1'Anhyclride Carbonique, de 1'Anmmniaque Ainsi que de Mhangea. (Measurement
of the Melectric Constants of Carbonic Anhydride, of b n i a as Well as of
Mixtures.), Physica l2, 97-104;C.A. 40, 5613 (1946).
Van ltterbeek, A. ,and de Clippeleir, K. (l948), Measurements on the Dielectric Constant
of Gaseous NH3, CO, and & as a Function of Pressure and Temperature., Physica 2,
349-56; C.A. 42, 80% (1948).
Miller, J. G. (l948), VI - Dielectric-Constant and Refractivity Data., Trans, A.S.M.E.
-
70, 645-49;C.A. 42, 7117 (1948).
Zieman, C. M. (1951), Dielectric Constants of Various Gases at 9470 Mc., Phys. Rev.
-
83, 243; C.A. 46, 6449 (1952).
.
Ishiguro, E., Arai, T., Kotani, M., and Mizushima, M. (1952), Polarizability of the
-
Hydrogen Molecule., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) G, 178-87;C.A. 46, 1829 (1952).
Zieman, C. M. (1952), Dielectric Constants of Various Gases at 9470 Mc., J. Appl. phys.
-
23, 154; C. A. 4 6 , 6449 (1952).

Hydrogen, Deuterium and Helium., Proc. Phys. SOC. (Londonj

9083f (1953).
e,
Essen, L. (1953), The Refractive Indices of Water Vapour, Air Oxygen, Nitrogen,
189-93; C.A. &,

Maryott, A. A. ,and Buckley, F. (1953), Table of Dielectric Constants and Electric

Dipole Moments of Substances in the Gaseous State.,,Natl. Bur. Standards. Circ. 537;
C.A. 4J 10928 (1953).

Comments:
Both Boltzmann and Clemencic found the value of the dielectric constant of hydrogen at
O'G and 1 atm pressure to be 1.000264. ScheeL reporbs a dielectric constant of
1.00027166 at O T and 1 atm.
Tangl made experimental determinations at pressures from 20 to 100 atmospheres and by
extrapolation found the value at 20% and 1 aim. to be 1.000273. To substantiate their
[Link] they show the complete agreement of their measurement with the Cauchy relation,
by which the square of the index of refraction at 2OoC and 1 atm. and. infinite wave
length is equal. to the dielectric constant.
n m =1.000136 and n%= 1.000273.
-
Occhialini found that the value of the relation (D l)/p(D + 2) of Clausius-Mossotti
-
(D is dielectric constant and p is density) i s m r e nearly constant than (D 1)p.
They call the former relation by the name of Lorenz-Lorentz. In Occhialini's second
article previow observations are confinned and he.give8 a value of 1.0002705 for
hydrogen at 0°C and 76 cm Hg.
Riegger made measurements at -lgl°C at pressures of 400, 600, and 760 nrm Hg. His final
result calculated for 16.5% and 760 mm Hg is 1.000253.
Fritts reported a value of 1.000221 at O0C and 1 atm. in 1923 and a value of 1.000263
2 O.OOOOOl5 in 1924. He used a beat frequency method operating at 0 . 8 Mc.

111-J-2.2
 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS HYDRCGEN
.
( cont )
Zahn found l.OOO265 as t h e average of 19 readings a t 0°C and 1 atmosphere.
Watson e t e;L. measured the d i e l e c t r i c constant by t h e heterodyne beat method a t 25 and
-191% They report v d u e s of 1.0002518 and 1.0002515 for 25"c and 760 m, determined
from measurements a t 25 and -191°C respectively. They a l s o report values of 1.0032749
and l.0002746 f o r 0% and 760 mm, determined f r o m measurements a t 25 and -191°C
respectively. These values are compared with those given by optical methods where t h e
square of t h e index of refraction a t 0'C as measured a t W i n i t e wavelength is gtven as
1.0002716.
W i g e t al. report values determined by a heterodyne beat method a t 0 and 100°C f o r
pressures from 30 t o 150 atmspheres.

Van Itterbeek and Spaepen report; values a t temperatures from 20.3 t o 293.3'K.

Michels e t al. report values of d i e l e c t r i c constant for pressures up to 1425 atm and
temperatures from 25 t o 100°C. Only the 25°C isotherm is given here.

Hector and Woernley report a value of 1.oooO2724 f 0.0000OCll.O a t 0% and 1 atmosphere

obtained by a heterodyne beat method.

m e r presents a review of d i e l e c t r i c constant and refractivity'data. He includes a

compilation of d i e l e c t r i c constant values f o r O°C and 1 atmosphere. Because index of
refraction data extrapolated to i n f i n i t e vavelength are regarded a8 a more accurate
source of d i e l e c t r i c constant values, Miner gives for comparison values of e.
Preliminary values of Jan Itterbeek and de Clippelelr published i n 1946 a t 0.8 Mc a r e
reported for a pressure of 1 atm. and temperatures between 0 and 90°C.

In 1948 the above authors published data a t pressures from 760 to 11000 qrm Hg in three
temperature ranges, namely 0, 20, and 100'C.

Ishiguro e t al. applied t h e variation method to calculate t h e polarizability CY using a

modification of the wave function of James-Coolidge. Matrix elements of a were calculated
by the use of theMorse function and i t s characteristic functions. On t h i s basis they
calculated the d i e l e c t r i c constant of hydrogen to be 1.0002666. They quote e a r l i e r
experimental values of 1,000273, 1.000263, 1.000259, and 1.000265.

Zieman made use of a cavity comparator and a microwave refractometer i n h i s measurements

a t 9470 Mc and reported a value of l.OOG355 2 O.OooOo5 a t STP (O°C and 1 atm.). As t h i s
value is well above all e a r l i e r measurements, and does not agree with the square of t h e
index of refraction a t i n f i n i t e wave length, its accuracy should be questioned.

Easen reports the index of r e f r a c t i s n of gaseous hydrogen a t O°C and 760 m of Hg as

1.0001360. Using the r e l a t i o n E = n", we obtain E 5 1.0002720.
Maryott and Buckley made a c r i t i c a l review of d i e l e c t r i c constants obtained by radio
frequency, microwave and optical methods and recalculated by one of two systematic
procedures i n order t o place the work of various experimentors on a m r e comparable
basis than e x i s t s in t h e l i t e r a t u r e . They recommend a value of 1.0002538 f 0.0000003
a t 2 0 Y and 1 atmosphere.

Stewart reports the d i e l e c t r i c constant of parahydrogen f o r the range 24 t o LOO'K a t

densities up t o 0.08 g/cm3. The experiment show t h a t the d i e l e c t r i c constant depends
only on density. Tabular values are presented as calculated f r 2 m the following equation:
(E + 2)p/(E -1) = 0.99575 - O.OgO69P + 1.1227pa with p in g/cm . Since t h e values are
tabulated a s a function of density the usual distinction between gas and l i q u i d could not
be accomplished and so all of the values are tabulated as l i q u i d hydrogen data.

111-J-2 3
 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASEOUS HYDROGEN

Mchels et al. (1935)

T:mp. P( atm) Dielectric
C Constant
24.9 1.15 1.0002a
I1
7.96 i .00192
It
It
-
13 47
18.95
1.00324
1.00466
SI
II 24-53 1.00601 ,
30.03 1.00730
I1
34.68 1.00a41
35.52
I,
11 1.00864
[Link] 1.00995
46.42
11
1.01125
II
51.89 1.01252
It
57.36 1.01379
If
11 61.53 1.01475
88.13 1.02083
,I
114.6'
7 1.02668
11
141.35 1.03244
It
168.0'
7 1.03810
II
194.87 1.04370
221.4:1
II
~04aa5
248.15 1.05398
274.88 1.05900
255.04 1.05j40
367.15 . - -5
1.0751
II 478.78 '1.OB10
11
590.53 ' 1.10925
11 702.20 1.12433
814.62 1.13766
926.05
It
II 1.15014
1037.86 1.16157
24.
1186 1032.74 1.16077
1229.25 1.17920
It
1425.36 1.19500

111-J-2.4
 ACE TENSION LIQUID HYDROGEN
V I l C m 9 P I N
m a c o m a m
O O O d O h
. .
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
d ' "
v)
m
k
1
v)
k
m
a,
0
0
B
B
E
k
W
U*
d
a
U m
U
m
$ co a
"*
VI
k do' r m N
Z Q I VI
QI
4
f"
,-I
u
a N N. N N
r+
nl xc= In
0
co
0 m
d
.-I
9 2
c 0 0 0 0 0 0
.,-!
.PI
0 0 0 0 0 0
M
d *'
6
m
PI
m
r-
m.
m
I-
9
N
I-
m
0
I-
*0
P-
m
0
P-
0 O O O 0 O
d a
PI
0
0
0
x
d d o\ OD t- 0
m
0-4
m
N
N
0 2 9
-$
w
d
*
a,3
N N d d PI
x
co
*
Lc
9 0 m c
$i
QI
9
0
9
co P-
d
9
N
m cn
N ,-I .-( rl d d
k
k
*0
9 QI 0 N N k
rl QI r- P- m a,
2 2, 2 d
N
P-
PI
d
N I
d
"
c
111-K-1.1
 SURFACE TENSION LIQUID HYDROGEN
2.7 0 Onnes & Kuypers n-H,
o Van I t t e r b e e k n-H2
-Grigor'ev
2.6

2.5
€
0
\
v)
a
29
c
)5
W
2.3

2.2

2. I

2.o

1.9

1.8
16 17 18 19 20 21
TEMPERATURE, O K

Figure 2.
Corrected experimental surface tension points of Kamerlingh
Onnes and Kuypers and of Van Itterbeek and straight lines rep-
resenting the experimental points of Grigor 'ev.
Reprinted from NBS [Link] 3 2 2

111-K-1.2
 VISCOSIW OF LIQUID PARAKYDROGEN
VISCOSITY, g/un foc xlO'

U
.Reprinted from R . B .Stewart and H.M. Roder, Chapter 11.
Properties of Normal and Parahydrogen. p.379-404 i n
Technology and U s e s of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon Press,
New York (1964)
ILL-L-1.1
v)
0
0
VISCOSITY of GASEOUS

2
NORMAL HYDROGEN AT
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

TEMPERATURE, OK

ILL-L-2.1
 VISCOSITY OF GASEOUS NORMAL HYDROGEN
AT ATMOSHPERIC PRESSURE

Source of Data: R.B. S t e w a r t and H.M. Roder

.'
ChapteE 11. P r o p e r t i e s o f Normal and
Parahydroyen p. 379-404 i n Technology
and U s e s of Liquid Hydrogen, Pergamon
Press, New York (1964)

Comments : These values w e r e c a l c u l a t e d from d a t a

referenced i n t h e S t e w a r t and Roder paper.

Temperature Viscosity Temperature Viscosity

0 g/cm sec 0 g/cm s e c
K K
10 5.10 x 160 58.52 x
20 LO. 93 170 ' 61 .OO
30 16 *07 180 63.43
40 20-67 190 65.80
50 24..89 200 68.13
60 28.76 210 70.43
70 32.37 220 72.68
80 35.79 230 74.90
90 39.03 240 77.08
LOO 42.11 250 79.23
110 45.07 260 81.35
120 47.93 270 83.45
130 50.70 280 85.52
140 53.38 290 a7.57
150 55.98 300 89.59

III-L-2.2
8
 VISCOSITY DIFFERENCES

Data Sources:

, ,
Becker, E. W. and Stehl, 0. (1952) Ein Ziihigkeitsuntershied von Ortho- und Para-
Wasserstoff bei Tiefen Temperatwen. (Viscosity Difference between Ortho and
,
Para Hydrogen a t Low Temperatures) Z. physik m,
615-28.

Webeler, R., and Bedard, 3'. (196L), Viscosity Pifference 'Measurements f o r Noranal and
Para Liquid Hydrogen Mixtures, phys. Fluids 4,
159-60.
Diller, D. E. (1965), Measurements of the Viscosity o f Parahydrogen, J. Chem. Phys. 42,
a8g-2100.

Comments:
The viscosity differences of gaseous ortho and para hydrogen determined by Decker and
Stehl (1952) are s m a l l , approaching l$near the t r i p l e point. Liquid values, however,
differ by larger amounts with differences of about 5$ a t saturation near the t r i p l e
point. Diller (1965) points out t h a t the liquid differences are nearly zero when
compared a t the same densities rather than the same temperature. The results of Becker
and Stehl (1952) indicate the viscosity of gaseous para hydrogen t o be larger than
gaseous normal hydrogenj while the results of Diller show t h e normal hydrogen values t o
be larger than the para hydrogen values in the liquid region.

Becker and Stehl (1952) measured the difference i n viscosity between various rpixtures ,
of ortho and para hydrogen with a capillary bridge arrangement.

Webeler and Bedard (1961) measured a quantity equal t o .the product of viscosity and
density of liquid para and ortho hydrogen with a piezozlectric alpha quartz torsional
oscillator. They found t h a t the value of q p f o r 69 orthohydrogen a t temperatures from
13.8 t o 14.5 "K is about 4$ larger than the corresponding values f o r 2% ortho hydrogen.
The precision of the values of q p is given as o.*.
Diller (1965) also used a torsional crystal method t o make extensive measurements on
para hydrogen. He included a f e w points f o r normal hydrogen along the saturated Liquid
line. A l l of the data are analytically represented with a mean deviation of O.@. An
accuracy of O.5$ is claimed. Tbe tables t h a t follow include Diller's saturation data
only.

R e p r i n t e d from NBS REPORT 8812

111-L-3.1
 Becker and Stehl (1952)
Gaseous Hydrogen

I I Percent Para %drogen

1
T.*- 99.8 I 62.2 , I 50.2 I k.7
90.1 0.u6 0.075 0 -055 0 -039
77.3 0 -139 0.O& 0.065 0.Ob9
[Link]
63.2
a.3
15 .O
0.175
0.56l
0.712
-
0 323
0 376
0.079
0.231
0.258
0.058
0.162
0.182
I I I I

qx = Viscosity of ortho-para hydrogen mixture

qn = Viscosity of normal hydrogen
G

Viscosity of saturated liquid (Micropoise) .

TI % Normal Para Difference
Y 14 264.3* 250.7 13.6
15 230.2 221.3 8.9
16 a3.9 197.5 6.4
17 182.9 177.7 . 5-2
18 165.6 160.5 5 -1
19 151.5 147.0 4.5
x) 139.2 135.4 3.8
21 128.4 125 * 3 3 01
22 ll8.7 u6.1 2.6
23 110.5 108.1 2.4
24 102.6 100.0 1.8
25 95*7 93.5 2.2
26 89.0 87.2 1.8
* !Ms value has been corrected f o r a typo-
graphical error.

111-L-3.2
I
cu t-
w2
0 0
c9 cu
a\ cu Y
a\ v3 0
a
J
0
K
.3
I-
U
K
w
a
H
W
c
ZLI-L-3 3
 Y
-
0
W
a
3
l-
a
a
W
Q
I
W
I-
111-L-3.4
8.
VELOCITY OF SOUND I N L I Q U I D PARAHYDROGEN

0
2
Speed of sound \
as a function of density
showing isotherms. The
t
dashed lines are calcu-
lated values.' The heavy
lines indicate phase >-
boundaries. The open I-
circles indicate location 0 -
of the measurements. 0
For reference, the den- -I
sities of the critical w
point and triple point >
are indicated on the ____----
abcissa. 600 ---__----

I9

0
0)
u HMO -
\
r
a
+
S eed of sound in satu- E 300 -
rated liquitnormal hydrogen and
parabydrogen. .The open circles >.
are for normal hydrogen. For ref-
uence, the locations of the boilin -I- 800 -
point and triple point are indicate!
on the a b . -I
w
w
700 -

600-

500 -

DENSITY, .gm /cm '

R e p r i n t e d from Younglove, B.L.
III-M-1
 VELOCITY OF 'SOUND IN PARAHYDROGEN

2001(4 io $0 40 50 sb io 80 sb
TEMPERATURE, OK

The velocity of sound in para-hydrogen,from Goodwin, et al. [SI.

(ML, SL, and SV refer to melting line, saturated liquid and saturated
vapor, respectively.)
Reprinted f r o m R.B. S t e w a r t and H.M. R o d e r C h a p t e r 11.
P r o p e r t i e s of N o r m a l and Parahydrogen p. 379-404 i n T e c h n o l o g y
and U s e s of L i q u i d H y d r o g e n , Pergamon Press, New York (1964)

I1I-M- 2
8
 VELOCITY OF SOUND IN HYDROGEN
Data Sources:

Van Itterbeek, A . , Van Dael, W., and Cops, A. (1961), Velocity of Ultrasonic Waves in
1,iquid Normal and Para Hydrogen (14-20°K), F’nysica 3, 111-16.

,
V a n Itterbeek, A., Van D a d , W., and Cops, A. (1963) The Velocity of Sound i n Liquid
N o n m l and Para Hydrogen a6 a Function of Pressure, Fhysica 2’3, 365-73.

Younglove, B. A. (1965) Ultrasonic Velocity i n Fluid Parahydrogen, Manuscript submitted

f o r publicatiun.

Comments :

The velocity of sound of l i q u i d normal and para hydrrigen has been accurately determined
by both Van I t t e r k e k , e t al. (1961, 1363) and Toun@;lcm?(1965) helcir 29°K. The agree-
ment of thesc differences from these so’nces i s excellent. The differences i n t h e gaseous
s t a t e s a r e not, however, w e l l known. One may estimate these differences from t h e thermo-
dynamic relationship, C2 = y(i)P/ap)T where C = v e l o c i t y of sound, y = r+&, and
P, T , and p are pressure, temperature and density,respectively. I t ir. known from P V - T
measurements t h a t t h e values of(hP/;)p) of normal and para -annot Le rnch d i f f e r e n t .
Thus i n regions where t h e differences ?n Cp/C, a r e l a r g e such as around 159°K one can
e s t i m t e t h e percentage difference i n velocity of s w d as one half the percentage
difference i n the s p e c i f i c heat r a t i o of normal and para hydrrogen.

Van Itterbeek, e t a l . (1961) measured the velocity of sound i n zaturste6 l i q u i ? noma1

and para hydrogen a t temperatures from 14 t o 20.5’K using a .rariabLe lsngth i n t e r f e r -
ometer. Their data indicate t h e velocity of sound i n normal hydrogen t o be 8 m/sec
g r e a t e r than i n para hydrogen a t frequencies of 1, 2, and 5 mc/sec. They estimate the
uncertainty a t 0 . b .

Van I t t e r b e e k , e t al. (1963) extended the above work t o pressures cf 2413 &/Ern‘. &e
difference between normal and para hydrogen a t low pressures i s l e s s t h a n i n the pre-Jimc
a r t i c l e by the same authors.

Younglove (1965) made velocity of sound measurements on f l u i d para hydrogen with a pulsed
sound technique. Measurements were made from 1 5 t o l C O o Y : and up t c i 3 9 atm?spheres, and
a r e claimed t o be accurate t o 0.05qb.

R e p r i n t e d from NBS REPORT 8812

111-M-3.1
 Vsn Itterbeck, et el. ( 1 9 a )
~~

Velocity of Sound in Saturated Liquid Normel Bydtogen

~-
4.904 mc/aec
~ ~~

0.996 mc/sec 1.945 mc/eec -

Temp. velocity Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity
of sound of Sound of &und
"K shec 9( mleec OK m sec
20.37 112Q.7 20.42 W9.2 20.44 u9.4
19.97 UP.7 M .10 1128.6 1156.8
19.6; 1140.3 19-65 1136.0 19*08
18.42 ~71.6
19.37 u49.9 19 * 58 1142.6 18.04 1182.3
18 93 1159.7 19.32 1150.4 1 7 45 1194 5
18.61 1166.7 19.02 u57.4 17.04 1203.1
18.18 1176.9 18.70 1165.8 16* 57 1214.7
17 72
17.15
16.61
1187.9
1230.3
12ll.5
-
18.35
17 95
17.52
1173.9
u83.5
1193.2
15.98
15 * 32
15 -23
1227.6
1240.2
1241.2
16.04 1224.3 17-50 1 m 3* 9 14.59 1254.3
1 5* I 5 1242.8 16.49 l2l4.9 14.13 1262.3
14-59 1254.4 1 5 -92 1227.3
14.13 1263.6 15.44 1237.4
14.89 1247.8
14.52 1255 .O
14.11 1262.6

Velocity of Sound in Saturated Liquid Para-Eydrogen

0.987 mc/sec 1.937 mc/sec 4.869 mc/sec
Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity Temp. Velocity
of Sound of Sound of Sound
OK m'sec OK dsec O K deet
.
23.36
213.08
19* 77
1114.3
1122.5
1130.8
-
20.41
19 91
19.53
1110 g
u 2 5-3
1134.8
zo.40
19.46
18.92
u5.3
33.37.9
1151.1
19-55 1136.9 19.06 1146.2 18.24 1168.1
19 * 29 1144. 4 18.62 1157.3 17.66 1182.1
18.87 1154.6 18.13 1168.5 16-99 1196.9
18.48 116L.l 17-53 1183.1 16.52 1E04.3
18.02 1175.4 16.91 u96.5 15.88 1220.5
17-52 1186.3 16.38 1238.7 1230.1
16.91 1203.1 15.76 1221.7
1 5 33
14.83 1240 .-?
16.213 1214.9 15.08 1234.3 14.38 1249.2
15* 29 1232.5 14.63 1243.2
14.06 1255.9 14.17 1250.8
23.40 1111.8
19.76 1128.2
19 * 43 1138.7
19.00 1149.0
18* 55 1159.0
17.96 1174. j
17.43 1188.5
16-93 1199.6
16.32 1208.5
15.59 1225.4
14.85 1240.4
14.06 1253.6
 Velocity of Sound L Liquid BydLogen
T = '20.50% T = 19.17"K
e-%
P Velocltty -P Velocity
of soma Of SOU&
bg/cma m/eec k&ma m/8ec
236.0 1742.1 24o.o 1748.6
230 .o 1732* 7 229 .o 1729* 3 170* 3
220.3
U0.4
a . 9
-
1715.4
1697 3
1679.9
2a.o
a . 5
202.3
1714.9
1698 7
1680. 5
(I
160.9
150* 5
139.7
1642.4
1631.8
1614.4
190.6 1660.7 192 5 1663.1 130.o 1593* 7
180.5 1641.6 181.5 1641.3 120.3 1571.4
170.6 1622.o 371.5 1622.5. 110.o 1500.0 130.2 1549.6
160.2 1601.0 161.2 1601.1 LOO. 3 1480.6 120.0 1526.1
150.6 15b 9 150 5 1578.6 90.8 1456.4 109.5 1502.3
141.2 1560.4 141.0 1558.4 80.5 1429.7 100.5 1479* 5
130.8 1537.1 131 5 1537.6 70 $00 1400.6 90.7 1455* 3
m.7 1513.O 121.5 1513.6 60.50 1327.5 80.5 1428.4
U0.6. 1489.4. 109* 7 1485.2 50 * 50 1341.3 71* 50 1403.2
100.7 1465.3 100.7 1463.1 40.50 1309* 5 61.00 1372 6
I

90.5 1438.5 91.0 1437.I 29.20 1270.2 51-25 1342.4

80.7 1411.6 79.0 1404.7 2l.a 1241.1 . 42.9 1314.6
70 * 50 1382.1 68.75 1374.5 1 2 95 1206.3 34.20 1285. o
61.05 1353.6 60.00 1347.6 6.25 1177.3 26.10 1254.9
50 .a5 1320.7 50.40 1315* 7 1.70 1155.5 la. LO 1224.1
41.15 1287.2 40.50 1281.6 10.30 1192.6
31.10 1250.o 30 * 75 1245.5 6.20 JJ-73.2
23 .oo 1218.1 20.85 1205.4 2.05 1153.9
17* 25 U93.4 12.05 1166.4 1.50 1151.3
ll.80 u69.4 7.10 1142. 3
8.40 ~42.6 2.75 1119.6
4.95 1135.4 1.20 ~11.5 t
1.40 m.7 * 5
I
T = 1a.250~ T = 16.74%
e-& n-% e-%
P Velocity P Velocity P . Velocity P Velocity
of Sound of Sound of Sound of Sound
kg/cma m/sec kg/cma m/sec kg/cma m/sec kg/cma m/sec
127.0 1575.3 146.4 1592.0 90.4 1486.6 85.0 1468.2
135.5 1571.9 137.0 . 1571.9 88.7 1481.2 78.0 1450.9
128.5 1556.7 129.0 1553.9 84.0 1469.4 68.9 1426.7
118.5 1535.1 118.5 153.1 74.80 1446.0 60.25 1403.2
108.0 1510.9 108.5 1507.7 65.40 1420.9 50.75 1375.8
97.3 1485.3 99.5 1486.8 55.40 1393.2 41.40 1347.6
87.2 1459.3 90.0 1462.8 45.90 1365.4 31.50 1316.3
87.0 1459.3 79.5 1436.5 37.00 1338.0 u.35 1282.3
78.7 1437.7 70.40 1410.7 26.85 1305.6 13.10 1252.6
69.30 14ll.2 60.50 1382.6 19.60 1280.5 8.30 1234.4
60.55 1387.4 50.50 1352.7 13.50 1259.1 2.60 lW.7
50.55 1357.3 40.70 1321.0 6.80 1233.8 1.40 1207.0
b.40 1325.1 30.60 1287.4 1.60 1212.9
31.00 1294.4 20.45 1250.6
22.20 1263.6 L2.75 1221.2
15.00 1235.9 6.60 n95.3
8.30 ma.5 2.40 1177.4
2.30 1183.3 1.50 1173.1

111-M-3 3
 Velocity of Sound i n Liouid Hvdroaen I
T = l 09 "K
n-a, e-% n-% e-%!
P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity
of Sound of Sound of Sound of Sound
kg/cm2 m/sec kn/cm2 m/sec kg/cm2 m/sec kg/cma m/sec
60.50 1416.5 65.40 1426.8 20.55 1308.9 38.50 1363.7
55.00 1402.4 60.50 1413.6 17.50 1298.6 36-20 1353.9
49-90 1387.7 55.45 1400.1 14.90 1290.0 32.15 1341.5
45-10 1373.7 50.30 1385.0 12.50 1282.2 28.05 1329.1
35.30 1344.5 40.60 1356.6 7.40 1263.0 u.40 1308.2
30.15 1328.4 35.60 1341.6 5.45 1256.8 17.30 1293.9
25.10 1312.6 30.60 1326.0 3.95 1251.1 15.05 1206.4 .
20.35 1296.2 25.35 1309.1 2.10 1244.6 12.00 1276.1
15.10 1278.4 EQ.70 1292.8 1.40 1241.5 9.85 126697
10.m 1261.6 15.60 1275.4 6.55 1256.7
5.95 1245.3 10.60 1257.2 4.10 1247.3
2.05 1230.4 5.50 1238.3 1-70 1238.2
2.05 1224.8

n-H, e-%
P Velocity P Velocity
of Sound of Sound
kg/cm2 m/sec kg/cm2 m/sec
28.70 1338.9 29.70 1336.5
26.70 1332.3 26.93 1327.7
23.40 1322.7 23.10 1315.6
20.15 1313.0 20.10 1305.6
17.20 1302.2 17.00 1295.8
14.00 1291.7 14.05 1285.0
11.10 1281.3 11.25 1275.7
8.50 1272.3 8.93 1267.2
5.90 1263.2 6.15 1257.2
3.80 1255.1 3.00 1246.0
1.50 1247.1 0.25 1235.2

111-M-3.4
 T, "K Density, &ma Velocity of Sound, m/sec
Para NormdL Para Normal
14.5 1241 9
15 1232.6 1241.8
16 1212.8 1221.8
17 1191.7 1200.6
18 1169.0 1177.9
19 1144.6 U53.5
20 ll18.5 ~27.0
21 1050* 3 1099* 3
22 1060.0 1069.1
23 1027.3 1036.5
24 992.0 1001.3
25 953.6 963.1
26 911.8 9a.7
27 866.0 876 3
28 815.2 826.1
29 758.2 770*O
29.5 726.6 739.0
30 692.6 705 6
30.5 655.3
31 613.2 629.2
31.5 566.5 583.8
32 509.2 530 4
32-25 470* 5
32.5 49.2

Velocity of Sound in Liquid'Parahydrogen

I I
T = 17.000'K II
T = 19.000"K . T = 2O.50OoK
' P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity P Velocity
of Sound of Sound of Sound of Sound
atm m/sec aim m/sec atm m/sec atm m/sec
34.52 1351.6 81.36 1458.3 174.39 1648.3 229.88 1739.8
-22.01 1311.4 51-68 1375.3 135.67 1567.2 195.49 1676.7
8.81 1265.3 30.15 1306.3 99.56 1481.6 150.62 1585.5
6.04 1215.8 73.99 1413.0 124.12 1525.3
44.23 1321.1 91.73 1442.8
40.72 1309.7 63.51 1360.2
I 22.94 1243.4

. .

. ,

111-M-3.5
0
Q) DIFFERENCE IN V E L O C I T Y OF
SOUND BETWEEN SATURATED LIQUID
t63
-a
20 NORMAL AND P A R A HYDROGEN
-7 I I I
E
(Young l o v e , 1965 1

15 20 25

TEMPERATURE, O K